Table of Contents

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
Form 10-Q

(Mark One)
xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2013March 31, 2014

OR
¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission File No. 001-07511
STATE STREET CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Massachusetts 04-2456637
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One Lincoln Street
Boston, Massachusetts
 02111
(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)
617-786-3000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  YesxNo¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  YesxNo¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filerx
 
Accelerated filer¨
 
Non-accelerated filer¨
 
Smaller reporting company¨
    (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes  ¨  No  x
The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of October 31, 2013April 30, 2014 was 439,001,221.430,421,570.











 




STATE STREET CORPORATION
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2013MARCH 31, 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION 
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION 



Table of Contents



MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS



TABLE OF CONTENTS
  
  




3

Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS



GENERAL
State Street Corporation, or the parent company, is a financial holding company headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this Management's Discussion and Analysis to “State Street,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar terms mean State Street Corporation and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Our principal banking subsidiary is State Street Bank and Trust Company, or State Street Bank. As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, we had consolidated total assets of $217.18256.66 billion, consolidated total deposits of $154.20194.65 billion, consolidated total shareholders' equity of $20.4321.27 billion and 29,23029,530 employees. With $26.0327.48 trillion of assets under custody and administration and $2.242.38 trillion of assets under management as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, we are a leading specialist in meeting the needs of institutional investors worldwide.
We have two lines of business:
Investment Servicing provides services for mutual funds, collective investment funds and other investment pools, corporate and public retirement plans, insurance companies, foundations and endowments worldwide. Products include custody,custody; product- and participant-level accounting,accounting; daily pricing and administration; master trust and master custody; record-keeping; cash management; foreign exchange, brokerage and other trading services; securities finance; deposit and short-term investment facilities; loans and lease financing; investment manager and alternative investment manager operations outsourcing; and performance, risk and compliance analytics to support institutional investors.
Investment Management, through State Street Global Advisors, or SSgA, provides a broad rangearray of investment management, strategies, specialized investment managementresearch and investment advisory services and other financial services, such as securities finance, forto corporations, public funds and other sophisticated investors. ManagementSSgA offers active and passive asset management strategies offered by SSgA include passiveacross equity, fixed-income and active, such as enhanced indexing,cash asset classes. Products are distributed directly and through intermediaries using quantitative and fundamental methods for both U.S. and non-U.S. equity and fixed-income securities. SSgA also offersa variety of investment vehicles, including exchange-traded funds, or ETFs.ETFs, such as the SPDR® ETF brand.
For financial and other information about our lines of business, refer to “Line of Business Information” included in this Management's Discussion and Analysis and in note 16 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
In July 2013, Moody's Investors Service announced that it had placed the long-term ratings of State Street and State Street Bank on review for possible downgrade.  Moody's made a similar announcement regarding two other major U.S. trust and custody banks.  Other major independent credit rating agencies did not take similar actions. In September 2013, Moody's Investors Service announced that it was continuing to review the long-term ratings of State Street and State Street Bank and the two other major U.S. trust and custody banks. In addition, in August 2013, Moody's also undertook a review of its systemic support assumptions for the eight largest U.S. banks, including State Street.
This Management's Discussion and Analysis is part of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the


quarter ended September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, and updates the Management's Discussion and Analysis in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012,2013, referred to as our 20122013 Form 10-K, and in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2013 and June 30, 2013, all of which we previously filed with the SEC. You should read the financial information contained in this Management's Discussion and Analysis and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q in conjunction with the financial and other information contained in those reports.our 2013 Form 10-K. Certain previously reported amounts presented in this Form 10-Q have been reclassified to conform to current-period presentation.
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., referred to as GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions in its application of certain accounting policies that materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses.
The significant accounting policies that require us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that are difficult, subjective or complex about matters that are uncertain and may change in subsequent periods are accounting for fair value measurements; other-than-temporary impairment of investment securities; and impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets. These significant accounting policies require the most subjective or complex judgments, and underlying estimates and assumptions could be subject to revision as new information becomes available. An understanding of the judgments, estimates and assumptions underlying these significant accounting policies is essential in order to understand our reported consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
Additional information about these significant accounting policies is included under “Significant Accounting Estimates” in Management’sManagement's Discussion and Analysis in our 20122013 Form 10-K. We did not change these significant accounting policies duringin the first nine monthsquarter of 2013.2014.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Certain financial information provided in this Management's Discussion and Analysis is prepared on both a GAAP, or reported basis, and a non-GAAP, or operating basis, including certain non-GAAP measures used in the calculation of identified regulatory capital ratios. We measure and compare certain financial information on an operating basis, as we believe that this presentation supports meaningful comparisons from period to period and the analysis of comparable financial trends with respect to State


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Street's normal ongoing business operations. We believe that operating-basis financial information, which reports non-taxable revenue, such as interest revenue associated with tax-exempt investment securities, on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, facilitates an investor's understanding and analysis of State Street's underlying financial performance and trends in addition to financial information prepared and reported in conformity with GAAP.
We also believe that the use of certain non-GAAP measures in the calculation of identified regulatory capital ratios is useful in understanding State Street's capital position and is of interest to investors. Operating-basis financial information should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for or superior to, financial information prepared in conformity with GAAP. Any non-GAAP, or operating-basis, financial information presented in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis is reconciled to its most directly comparable GAAP-basis measure.

We provide additional disclosures required by applicable bank regulatory standards, including supplemental qualitative and quantitative information with respect to market risk associated with our trading activities, and summary results of semi-annual State Street-run stress tests which we conduct under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or Dodd-Frank Act, on the “Investor Relations” section of our website at www.statestreet.com.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Form 10-Q, (including statements in this Management's Discussion and Analysis), as well as other reports submitted by us under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, registration statements filed by us under the Securities Act of 1933, our annual report to shareholders and other public statements we may make, contain statements (including statements in this Management's Discussion and Analysis) that are considered “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of U.S. securities laws, including statements about industry, regulatory, economicour goals and market trends, management's expectations aboutregarding our business, financial and capital condition, results of operations, strategies, financial portfolio performance, capital,dividend and stock purchase programs, market growth, acquisitions, joint ventures and divestitures and new technologies, services and opportunities, as well as regarding industry, regulatory, economic and earnings, management's confidence in our strategiesmarket trends, initiatives and developments, the business environment and other matters that do not relate strictly to historical facts.
Terminology such as “plan,” “expect,” “intend,” “objective,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “seek,” “may,” “will,” “trend,” “target,” “strategy” and “goal,” or similar statements or variations of such terms, are intended to identify
forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such terms.
Forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, which change over time, are based on management's expectations and assumptions at the time the statements are made, and are not guarantees of future results. Management's expectations and assumptions, and the continued validity of the forward-looking statements, are subject to change due to a broad range of factors affecting the national and global economies, the equity, debt, currency and other financial markets, as well as factors specific to State Street and its subsidiaries, including State Street Bank. Factors that could cause changes in the expectations or assumptions on which forward-looking statements are based cannot be foreseen with certainty and include, but are not limited to:
the financial strength and continuing viability of the counterparties with which we or our clients do business and to which we have investment, credit or financial exposure, including, for example, the direct and indirect effects on counterparties of the current sovereign-debt risks in the U.S., Europe and other regions;
financial market disruptions or economic recession, whether in the U.S., Europe, Asia or other regions;
increases in the volatility of, or declines in the level of, our net interest revenue, changes in the composition or valuation of the assets recorded in our consolidated statement of condition (and our ability to measure the fair value of investment securities) and the possibility that we may change the manner in which we fund those assets;
the liquidity of the U.S. and international securities markets, particularly the markets for fixed-income securities and inter-bank credits, and the liquidity requirements of our clients;
the level and volatility of interest rates and the performance and volatility of securities, credit, currency and other markets in the U.S. and internationally;
the credit quality, credit-agency ratings and fair values of the securities in our investment securities portfolio, a deterioration or downgrade of which could lead to other-than-temporary impairment of the respective securities and the recognition of an impairment loss in our consolidated statement of income;
our ability to attract deposits and other low-cost, short-term funding, and our ability to deploy deposits in a profitable manner consistent with our liquidity requirements and risk profile;


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

the manner and timing with which the Federal Reserve and other U.S. and foreign regulators implement the Dodd-Frank Act, changes to the Basel II and Basel III capital and liquidity standards,framework and European legislation, such as the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive and Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities Directives, with respect to the levels of regulatory capital we must maintain, our credit exposure to third parties, margin requirements applicable to derivatives, banking and financial activities and other regulatory initiatives in the U.S. and internationally, including regulatory developments that result in changes to our structure or operating model, increased costs or other changes to how we provide services;
adverse changes in the regulatory capital ratios that we are required or will be required to meet, whether arising under the Dodd-Frank Act

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

or the Basel II or Basel III capital and liquidity standards, or due to changes in regulatory positions, practices or regulations in jurisdictions in which we engage in banking activities, including changes in internal or external data, formulae, models, assumptions or other advanced systems used in calculatingthe calculation of our capital ratios that cause changes in those ratios as they are measured from period to period;
increasing requirements to obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve or our other regulators for the use, allocation or distribution of our capital or other specific capital actions or programs, including acquisitions, dividends and equity purchases, without which our growth plans, distributions to shareholders, equity purchase programs or other capital initiatives may be restricted;
changes in law or regulation, or the enforcement of law or regulation, that may adversely affect our business activities or those of our clients or our counterparties, and the products or services that we sell, including additional or increased taxes or assessments thereon, capital adequacy requirements, margin requirements and changes that expose us to risks related to the adequacy of our controls or compliance programs;
financial market disruptions or economic recession, whether in the U.S., Europe, Asia or other regions;
our ability to promote a strong culture of risk management, operating controls, compliance oversight and governance that meet our
expectations orand those of our clients and our regulators;
the credit agency ratingsresults of, our debt and depository obligationscosts associated with, governmental or regulatory inquiries and investorinvestigations, litigation and client perceptions of our financial strength;similar claims, disputes, or proceedings;
delays or difficulties in the execution of our previously announced Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program, which could lead to changes in our estimates of the charges, expenses or savings associated with the planned program and may cause volatility of our earnings;
the results of, and costs associated with, government investigations, litigation, and similar claims, disputes, or proceedings;potential for losses arising from our investments in sponsored investment funds;
the possibility that our clients will incur substantial losses in investment pools for which we act as agent, and the possibility of significant reductions in the liquidity or valuation of assets underlying those pools;
our ability to anticipate and manage the level and timing of redemptions and withdrawals from our collateral pools and other collective investment products;
the credit agency ratings of our debt and depository obligations and investor and client perceptions of our financial strength;
adverse publicity, whether specific to State Street or regarding other industry participants or industry-wide factors, or other reputational harm;
our ability to control operational risks, data security breach risks and outsourcing risks, and our ability to protect our intellectual property rights, the possibility of errors in the quantitative models we use to manage our business and the possibility that our controls will prove insufficient, fail or be circumvented;
dependencies on information technology and our ability to control related risks, including cyber-crime and other threats to our information technology infrastructure and systems and their effective operation both independently and with external systems, and complexities and costs of protecting the security of our systems and difficulties with protecting our intellectual property rights;data;
our ability to grow revenue, control expenses, attract and retain highly skilled people and raise the capital necessary to achieve our business goals and comply with regulatory requirements;
changes or potential changes to the competitive environment, including changes due to regulatory and technological changes, the effects of industry consolidation and perceptions of State Street as a suitable service provider or counterparty;


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

changes or potential changes in how and in what amounts clients compensate us for our services, and the mix of services provided by us that clients choose;
theour ability to complete acquisitions, joint ventures and divestitures, including the ability to obtain regulatory approvals, the ability to arrange financing as required and the ability to satisfy closing conditions;
the risks that our acquired businesses and joint ventures will not achieve their anticipated financial and operational benefits or will not be integrated successfully, or that the integration will take longer than anticipated, that expected synergies will not be achieved or unexpected negative synergies will be experienced, that client and deposit retention goals will not be met, that other regulatory or operational challenges will be experienced, and that disruptions from the transaction will harm our relationships with our clients, our employees or regulators;
our ability to recognize emerging needs of our clients and to develop products that are responsive to such trends and profitable to us, the performance of and demand for the products and services we offer, and the potential for new products and services to impose additional costs on us and expose us to increased operational risk;
our ability to anticipate and manage the level and timing of redemptions and withdrawals from our collateral pools and other collective investment products;
our ability to control operational risks, data security breach risks, information technology systems risks and outsourcing risks, and our ability to protect our intellectual property rights, the possibility of errors in the quantitative models we use to manage our business and the possibility that our controls will prove insufficient, fail or be circumvented;
changes in accounting standards and practices; and
changes in tax legislation and in the interpretation of existing tax laws by U.S. and non-U.S. tax authorities that affect the amount of taxes due.
Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed in our forward-looking statements and from our historical financial results due to the factors discussed in this section and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q or disclosed in our other SEC filings, including the risk factors discussed in our 20122013 Form 10-K. Forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q should not be relied on as representing our expectations or beliefs as of any date subsequent to the time this Form 10-Q is filed with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to revise our forward-looking statements after the time they are made. The factors discussed above are not intended to be a complete statement of all risks and uncertainties that may affect our businesses. We cannot anticipate all developments that may adversely affect our business or operations or our consolidated results of operations andor financial condition.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Forward-looking statements should not be viewed as predictions, and should not be the primary
basis on which investors evaluate State Street. Any investor in State Street should consider all risks and uncertainties disclosed in our SEC filings, including our filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, in particular our annual reports on FormsForm 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and our current reports on Form 8-K, or registration statements filed under the Securities Act of 1933, all of which are accessible on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov or on the “Investor Relations” section of our website at www.statestreet.com.
OVERVIEW OF FINANCIAL RESULTS
The following table presents our financial results for the quarters ended March 31, 2014 and 2013:
Quarters Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)2013 2012 % Change 2013 2012 % Change2014 2013 % Change
Total fee revenue$1,883
 $1,719
 10 % $5,711
 $5,282
 8 %$1,924
 $1,857
 4 %
Net interest revenue546
 619
 (12) 1,718
 1,916
 (10)555
 576
 (4)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net(4) 18
   (9) 2
  6
 2
  
Total revenue2,425
 2,356
 3
 7,420
 7,200
 3
2,485
 2,435
 2
Provision for loan losses
 
   
 (1)  2
 
  
Total expenses1,722
 1,415
 22
 5,346
 5,022
 6
2,028
 1,826
 11
Income before income tax expense703
 941
 (25) 2,074
 2,179
 (5)455
 609
 (25)
Income tax expense163
 267
   491
 588
  92
 145
  
Net income$540
 $674
 (20) $1,583
 $1,591
 (1)$363
 $464
 (22)
Adjustments to net income:                
Dividends on preferred stock(7) (15)   (20) (29)  (6) (7)  
Earnings allocated to participating securities(2) (5)   (6) (11)  (1) (2)  
Net income available to common shareholders$531
 $654
   $1,557
 $1,551
  $356
 $455
  
Earnings per common share:                
Basic$1.20
 $1.39
   $3.46
 $3.23
  $.83
 $1.00
  
Diluted1.17
 1.36
 (14) 3.40
 3.19
 7
.81
 .98
 (17)
Average common shares outstanding (in thousands):                
Basic442,860
 472,355
   449,742
 479,536
  430,621
 454,315
  
Diluted452,154
 480,010
   458,392
 485,813
  438,815
 462,751
  
Cash dividends declared per common share$.26
 $.24
   $.78
 $.72
  $.26
 $.26
  
Return on average common equity10.8% 13.3%   10.4% 10.7%  7.2% 9.1%  


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

The following “Highlights” and “Financial Results” sections provide information related to significant events, as well as highlights of our consolidated financial results for the thirdfirst quarter of 20132014 presented in the preceding table. More detailed information about our consolidated financial results, including comparisons of our results for the thirdfirst quarter of 20132014 to those for the thirdfirst quarter of 2012 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, to those for the nine months ended September 30, 2012,


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

is provided under “Consolidated Results of Operations,” which follows these sections.

Highlights
In March 2014, we received the third quarterresults of 2013, under a program approved bythe Federal Reserve's review of our 2014 capital plan in connection with its annual Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review, or CCAR, process. The Federal Reserve did not object to the capital actions we proposed, and, in March 2014, our Board of Directors in March 2013 which authorizes us toapproved a new common stock purchase program authorizing the purchase of up to $2.101.70 billion of our common stock through March 31, 2015. We did not purchase any of our common stock under this new program in the first quarter of 2014.
In the first quarter of 2014, we purchasedcompleted the $2.10 billion common stock purchase program authorized by the Board in March 2013 by purchasing approximately 8.26.1 million shares of our common stock, at an average costprice of $68.57$69.14 per share and an aggregate cost of approximately $420 million.
$560 million. AsIn the first quarter of September 30, 20132014, approximately $980 million remained available for purchases of our common stock under the March 2013 program. In addition, in the third quarter of 2013, we declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $0.26 per share, totaling approximately $115$112 million,, which was paid in April 2014.October2013.
Our 2014 capital plan includes a proposed increase in our second-quarter 2014 common stock dividend to $0.30 per share, subject to consideration and approval by the Board at its scheduled meeting in May.
Additional information about our common stock purchase program and our common stock dividends, as well as our preferred stock dividends is provided under “Financial Condition – Capital” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis. Information about our common stock purchase program is also provided in Part II Item 2, “Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds,” included in this Form 10-Q.
In 2011 and 2012 combined, our Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program generated approximatelyFebruary $198 million of total pre-tax expense savings compared to our 2010 expenses from operations, all else being equal. In 20132014, we expectissued 30 million depositary shares, each representing a 1/4,000th ownership interest in a share of State Street’s fixed-to-floating-rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series D, without par value, with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (equivalent to achieve incremental pre-tax expense savings$25 per depositary share), in a public offering. The aggregate proceeds from the offering, net of underwriting discounts, commissions and other issuance costs, were approximately $742 million.
In the first quarter of $2202014, in connection with the realignment of our cost base, we recorded $72 million compared to our 2010 expense base, all else being equal, or approximately $418 million of total pre-tax expense savings compared to our 2010 expense base, all else being equal, under the program since its inception at the end of 2010. These pre-tax expense savings relate only to the Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program and are based on projected improvement from our total 2010 expenses from operations. Our actual total expenses have increased since 2010, and may in the future increase or decrease, due to other factors.severance costs associated with staff reductions. Additional information about our Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation programthese costs is provided under “Consolidated"Consolidated Results of Operations – Expenses”- Expenses" in this Management’sManagement's Discussion and Analysis.Analysis, and in note 14 to the consolidated financial statements, included in this Form 10-Q.
In January 2014, we entered into a settlement agreement with the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority as a result of our having charged six clients of our U.K. transition management business amounts in excess of the underlying contractual terms in 2010 and 2011. We agreed to and paid a fine of approximately $38 million in January 2014, which we accrued as of December 31, 2013.
In the first quarter of 2014, we recorded additional pre-tax costs in connection with our transition management business of approximately $13 million, mainly composed of securities processing costs net of accrual adjustments.

Additional information about transition management is provided under “Legal and Regulatory Matters” in note 8 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Financial Results
Total revenue in the thirdfirst quarter of 20132014 increased 3%2% compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2012,2013, as a combined 10%6% increase in aggregate servicing fee and management fee revenue and a 10%9% increase in trading servicessecurities finance revenue due to increases in foreign exchange trading, were partly offset by declines in securities financetrading services revenue and net interest revenue of 19%15% and 12%4%, respectively.
Servicing fee revenue in the thirdfirst quarter of 20132014 increased 10%5% compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2012,2013, mainly the result of stronger global equity markets the addition of revenue from the Goldman Sachs Administration Services, or GSAS, business, acquired in October 2012, and the revenue impact of net new business installed. Servicing fees generated outside the U.S. in each of the thirdfirst quarter of 20132014 and the thirdfirst quarter of 20122013 were approximately 42% and 41%, respectively, of total servicing fees for those periods.
Management fee revenue increased 11% in the first quarter of 10%2014 compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2012,2013, primarily the result of stronger global equity markets and the impact of net new business installed.markets. Management fees generated outside the U.S. in the thirdfirst quarter of 20132014 and the thirdfirst quarter of 20122013 were approximately 37%36% and 35%37%, respectively, of total management fees for those periods.
In the third quarter of 2013, trading services revenue, composed of revenue generated by foreign exchange trading and revenue generated by brokerage and other trading services, increased 10% compared to the third quarter of 2012. Foreign exchange trading revenue was up 28%, with estimated indirect foreign exchange revenue up 33% and direct sales and trading foreign exchange revenue up 23%, from the prior-year quarter, with all increases mainly the result of higher client volumes and currency volatility, as well as higher spreads. Brokerage and other trading services revenue declined 7% compared to the third quarter of 2012, primarily reflecting the impact of lower distribution fees associated with the SPDR® Gold ETF, which resulted from decreases in gold prices and net outflows of ETF assets. Securities finance revenue declined 19% in the third quarter of 2013 compared to the third quarter of 2012, generally the result of lower spreads and slightly lower lending volumes.
Net interest revenue in the third quarter of 2013 declined 12% compared to the third quarter of 2012, generally the result of lower yields on earning assets related to lower global interest rates, partly offset by lower funding costs. The decline in net interest revenue also reflected the continued impact of the reinvestment of paydowns on existing investment securities in lower-yielding investment securities. Net interest revenue in the third quarter of 2013 and the third quarter of 2012 included $28 million and $40 million, respectively, of discount accretion related to investment securities added to our consolidated statement of condition in connection with the consolidation of the commercial paper conduits in 2009.
Net interest margin, calculated on fully taxable-equivalent net interest revenue, declined20 basis points to 1.33% in the third quarter of 2013 from 1.53% in the third quarter of 2012. Continued elevated levels of client deposits, amid continued


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

market uncertainty,
respectively, of total management fees for those periods.
In the first quarter of 2014, trading services revenue, composed of revenue generated by foreign exchange trading and revenue from brokerage and other trading services, declined 15% compared to the first quarter of 2013. Revenue from foreign exchange trading declined 8%, with estimated indirect foreign exchange revenue down 3% and direct sales and trading foreign exchange revenue down 12%, from the first quarter of 2013. Both declines were mainly the result of lower volatility, partly offset by higher client volumes. Brokerage and other trading services revenue in the first quarter of 2014 declined 22% compared to the first quarter of 2013, primarily reflective of lower client volumes in electronic trading and the impact of lower distribution fees associated with the SPDR® Gold ETF, which resulted from lower average gold prices and net outflows from the SPDR® Gold ETF.
Securities finance revenue increased 9% in the first quarter of 2014 compared to the first quarter of 2013, reflective of growth in revenue earned in connection with principal securities finance transactions, which we refer to as our enhanced custody business.
Net interest revenue in the first quarter of 2014 declined 4% compared to the first quarter of 2013, generally the result of lower yields on interest-earning assets, as lower global interest rates affected revenue from floating-rate assets, net of the benefit of those rates on interest expense.
Net interest margin, calculated on fully taxable-equivalent net interest revenue, declined 8 basis points to 1.30% in the first quarter of 2014 from 1.38% in the first quarter of 2013. Continued elevated levels of client deposits increased our average interest-earning assets, but negatively affected our net interest margin, as we generally placed a portion of these deposits with U.S. and non-U.S. central banks and earned the relatively low interest rates paid by the central banks on these balances over the period. Discount accretion, fullybalances.
Fully taxable-equivalent net interest revenue and net interest margin are discussed in more detail under “Consolidated Results of Operations - Net Interest Revenue” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.
Total expenses forin the thirdfirst quarter of 20132014 increased 22%11% compared to the first quarterthird quarter
of 2012. Total expenses for the third quarter of 2013 reflected aggregate credits of $30 million to other expenses, related to gains and recoveries associated with Lehman Brothers-related assets. Total expenses for the third quarter of 2012 reflected a net credit of $277 million, composed of recoveries of $362 million associated with the 2008 Lehman Brothers bankruptcy, partly offset by provisions for litigation exposure and other costs of $85 million. Excluding the credits recorded in the third quarters of 2013 and 2012, total expenses increased 4% in the quarter-to-quarter comparison, to $1.75 billion ($1.72 billion plus $30 million) from $1.69 billion ($1.42 billion plus $277 million).
2013. Compensation and employee benefits expenses were down 1% in the third quarter of 2013 compared to the third quarter of 2012increased 12%, primarily due to savingsthe above-described severance costs of $72 million, higher incentive compensation, and costs for additional staffing related to the installation of new business and added regulatory and compliance requirements. Compensation and employee benefits expenses in the first quarter of 2014 and the first quarter of 2013 included approximately $146 million and $118 million, respectively, associated with seasonal deferred incentive compensation expense for retirement-eligible employees and payroll taxes.
These aggregate increases were partly offset by savings generated from the executionimplementation of our Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program and lower benefit costs, partly offset by an increase in costs to support new business and higher incentive compensation. program.
Information systems and communications expenses increased 11%3% compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2012,2013, primarily fromin connection with the planned transition of certain functions to third-party service providers in connection with the executionimplementation of our Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program, and costs to support new business. Transaction processing services expenses were higher by 9%6%, primarily the result of higher equity market values and higher transaction volumes in the assetinvestment servicing business. Finally, other
Other expenses declined 24%, mainlyincreased 18% in the first quarter of 2014 compared to the first quarter of 2013, primarily the result of a decline in provisions for litigation exposure and the above-described third-quarter-2013 gains and recoverieshigher level of professional services associated with Lehman Brothers-related assets. regulatory compliance, as well as securities processing costs associated with our transition management business.
We expect continued evolving and increasing regulatory and compliance requirements to influence our expenses by, for example, increasing our employee compensation and benefits, information systems and other expenses, as we further adjust our operations and systems in response to new or proposed requirements.
With respect to our Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program, we expect to achieve additional pre-tax expense savings for full-year 2014 of approximately $130 million. These pre-tax expense savings relate only to the Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program and are based on projected improvement from our total 2010


9

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

expenses from operations, all else being equal. Our actual total expenses have increased since 2010, and may in the future increase or decrease, due to other factors.
Additional information with respect to our expenses, including our Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program, is provided under “Consolidated Results of Operations - Expenses” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.
In the thirdfirst quarter of 2013,2014, we secured mandates for approximately $200an estimated $189 billion of new business in assets to be serviced; of the total, $57125 billion was installed prior to September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, with the remaining $14364 billion expected to be installed in the remainder of 2013 and later periods. In2014. We also installed approximately $77 billion of new asset servicing business in the thirdfirst quarter of 20132014 that we were awarded in prior periods. As of March 31, 2014, we also installed approximately $39had an estimated $136 billion of new business in assets to be serviced, that was awarded to us in periods prior toincluding the third quarter of 2013$64 billion. referenced above, that remained to be installed in future periods. New business in assets to be serviced includes assets for which we have been instructed by existing clients to provide additional services, as well as assets from new clients.
The new business not installed by September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 was not included in our assets under custody and administration as of that date, and had no impact on our servicing fee revenue in the thirdfirst quarter of 2013,2014, as the assets are not included until their installation is complete and we begin to service them. Once installed, the assets generate servicing fee revenue in subsequent periods in which the assets are serviced.
We will provide one or more of various services forWith respect to these new assets, to be serviced,we will provide various services, including accounting, bank loan servicing, compliance reporting and monitoring, custody, depository banking services, foreign exchange, fund administration, hedge fund servicing, middle officemiddle-office outsourcing, performance and analytics, private equity administration, real estate administration, securities finance, transfer agency, and wealth management services.
In the thirdfirst quarter of 2013,2014, SSgA had approximately $15$4 billion of net lostnew business in assets to be managed, generally composed primarily of approximately $20 billion of net outflows from active and enhanced equity funds, partly offset by approximately $535 billion of net inflows, substantially into ETFs.managed cash, partly offset by net outflows of $31 billion from ETF and institutional
products. Outflows were primarily from passive equity funds.
An additional $2521 billion of new business awarded to SSgA but not installed by September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 was not included in our assets under management as of that date, and had no impact on our management fee revenue for the thirdfirst quarter of 2013,2014, as the assets are not included until their installation is complete and we begin to manage them. Once installed, the assets generate management fee revenue in subsequent periods in which the assets are managed.
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This section discusses our consolidated results of operations for the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 20132014 compared to the same periodsfirst quarter of 2013 in 2012,more detail, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying condensed notes included in this Form 10-Q.

9

Table of ContentsTotal Revenue
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

TOTAL REVENUE
Additional information with respect to the sources of our revenue, the products and activities that generate it, and the factors that influence the levels of revenue generated during any period is provided under “Consolidated Results of Operations – Total Revenue” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis included in our 20122013 Form 10-K.
The following table presents the components of total revenue for the periods indicated:
 Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions)2014 2013 % Change
Fee revenue:     
Servicing fees$1,238
 $1,175
 5 %
Management fees292
 263
 11
Trading services:     
Foreign exchange trading134
 146
 (8)
Brokerage and other trading services105
 135
 (22)
Total trading services239
 281
 (15)
Securities finance85
 78
 9
Processing fees and other70
 60
 17
Total fee revenue1,924
 1,857
 4
Net interest revenue:     
   Interest revenue655
 687
 (5)
   Interest expense100
 111
 (10)
Net interest revenue555
 576
 (4)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net6
 2
  
Total revenue$2,485
 $2,435
 2


 Quarters Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions)2013 2012 % Change 2013 2012 % Change
Fee revenue:           
Servicing fees$1,211
 $1,100
 10 % $3,587
 $3,264
 10 %
Management fees276
 251
 10
 816
 733
 11
Trading services:           
Foreign exchange trading147
 115
 28
 464
 393
 18
Brokerage and other trading services109
 117
 (7) 369
 374
 (1)
Total trading services256
 232
 10
 833
 767
 9
Securities finance74
 91
 (19) 283
 331
 (15)
Processing fees and other66
 45
 47
 192
 187
 3
Total fee revenue1,883
 1,719
 10
 5,711
 5,282
 8
Net interest revenue:           
   Interest revenue643
 730
 (12) 2,030
 2,281
 (11)
   Interest expense97
 111
 (13) 312
 365
 (15)
Net interest revenue546
 619
 (12) 1,718
 1,916
 (10)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net(4) 18
   (9) 2
  
Total revenue$2,425
 $2,356
 3
 $7,420
 $7,200
 3
10

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Fee Revenue
Servicing and management fees collectively composed approximately 79% and 77%80% of our total fee revenue forin the first quarter of third quarter and first nine months of20132014, respectively, compared to 77% in the first quarter of 79% and 76%, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 20122013. The level of these fees is influenced by several factors, including the mix and volume of our assets under custody and administration and our assets under management, the value and type of securities positions held (with respect to assets under custody) and the volume of portfolio transactions, and the types of products and services used by our clients, and is generally affected by changes in worldwide equity and fixed-income security valuations.valuations and trends in market asset class preferences.
 Generally, servicing fees are affected in part, by changes in daily average valuations of assets under custody and administration. Additional factors, such as the relative mix of assets serviced, the level of transaction volumes, changes in service level, the nature of services provided, balance credits, client minimum balances, pricing concessions and other factors, may have a significant effect on our servicing fee revenue.
Generally, management fees are affected in part, by changes in month-end valuations of assets under management.Management fees for certain components of managed assets, such as ETFs, are affected by daily average valuations of assets under management. Management fee revenue is relatively more sensitive to market valuations than servicing fee revenue, since a higher proportion of the underlying services provided, and the associated management fees earned, are dependent on equity and fixed-income values.security valuations. Additional factors, such as the relative mix of assets managed, changes in service level and other factors, may have a significant effect on our management fee revenue. While certain management fees are directly determined by the valuevalues of assets under management and the investment strategystrategies employed, management fees may reflect other factors as well, including performance fee arrangements, discussed later in this section, as

well as our relationship pricing for clients using multiple services.
ManagementAsset-based management fees for actively managed products are generally earnedcharged at a higher ratespercentage of assets under management than those for passive products. Actively managedActively-managed products may also involve performance fee arrangements. Performance fees are generated when the performance of certain managed funds exceeds benchmarks specified in the management agreements. Generally, we experience more volatility with performance fees than with more traditional management fees.
In light of the above, we estimate, using relevant information as of March 31, 2014 and assuming that all other factors remain constant, thatthat: (1) a 10% increase or decrease, over the relevant periods for or on which our servicing and management fees are calculated, in worldwide equity valuations would result in a corresponding change in our total revenue of approximately 2%. If; and (2) a 10% increase or decrease, over the relevant periods for or on which our servicing and management fees are calculated, in worldwide fixed-income security valuations were to increase or decrease by 10%, we would anticipate, assuming all other factors remain constant,result in a corresponding change in our total revenue of approximately 1% in our total revenue..

10

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

The following table presents selected average quarter and year-to-date equity market indices. While the specific indices presented are indicative of general market trends, the asset types and classes relevant to individual client portfolios can and do differ, and the performance of associated relevant indices can therefore differ from the performance of the indices presented in the table below.presented.
Daily averages and the averages of month-end indices demonstrate worldwide changes in equity markets that affect our servicing and management fee revenue, respectively.revenue. Quarter-end indices affect the values of assets under custody and administration and assets under management as of those dates. The index names listed in the table are service marks of their respective owners.

INDEX
Daily Averages of Indices Averages of Month-End Indices Quarter-End IndicesDaily Averages of Indices Averages of Month-End Indices Quarter-End Indices
Quarters Ended September 30, Quarters Ended September 30, As of September 30,Quarters Ended March 31, Quarters Ended March 31, As of March 31,
2013 2012 % Change 2013 2012 % Change 2013 2012 % Change2014 2013 % Change 2014 2013 % Change 2014 2013 % Change
S&P 500®
1,675
 1,401
 20% 1,667
 1,409
 18% 1,682
 1,441
 17%1,835
 1,514
 21% 1,838
 1,527
 20% 1,872
 1,569
 19%
NASDAQ®
3,641
 3,027
 20
 3,663
 3,041
 20
 3,771
 3,116
 21
4,210
 3,176
 33
 4,204
 3,190
 32
 4,199
 3,268
 28
MSCI EAFE®
1,748
 1,468
 19
 1,747
 1,474
 19
 1,818
 1,511
 20
1,894
 1,668
 14
 1,896
 1,676
 13
 1,916
 1,674
 14
Daily Averages of Indices Averages of Month-End Indices  
Nine Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,  
2013 2012 % Change 2013 2012 % Change      
S&P 500®
1,601
 1,367
 17% 1,602
 1,376
 16%     
NASDAQ®
3,400
 2,954
 15
 3,416
 2,978
 15
     
MSCI EAFE®
1,708
 1,470
 16
 1,707
 1,478
 15
     

11

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

The following table presents the components of fee revenue for the periods indicated:
FEE REVENUE
 Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions)2014 2013 % Change
Servicing fees$1,238
 $1,175
 5 %
Management fees292
 263
 11
Trading services:     
   Foreign exchange trading134
 146
 (8)
Brokerage and other trading services105
 135
 (22)
   Total trading services239
 281
 (15)
Securities finance85
 78
 9
Processing fees and other70
 60
 17
Total fee revenue$1,924
 $1,857
 4
Servicing Fees
Servicing fees increasedin the first quarter of 10%2014 for both the third quarter and first nine months of2013increased 5% compared to the same periods infirst quarter of 20122013, primarily as a result of stronger global equity markets the addition of revenue from the GSAS business, acquired in October 2012, and the revenue impact of net new business installed on current-period revenue. The combined daily averages of equity market indices, individually presented ininstalled. In the foregoing “INDEX” table, increased approximately 20% in the thirdfirst quarter of 2013 compared to2014 and the thirdfirst quarter of 2012, and increased approximately 16% in the year-to-date comparison. For the third quarter and first nine months of2013, servicing fees generated outside the U.S. were approximately 42% and 41%, respectively, of total servicing fees, compared to approximately 42% for each of the third quarter and first nine months of2012.fees.
The following tables present the components, financial instrument mix and geographic mix of assets under custody and administration, as of the dates indicated:
COMPONENTS OF ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND ADMINISTRATION
(In billions) March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 March 31, 2013
Mutual funds $6,908
 $6,811
 $6,275
Collective funds 6,637
 6,428
 5,753
Pension products(1)
 5,472
 5,851
 5,331
Insurance and other products 8,460
 8,337
 8,063
Total $27,477
 $27,427
 $25,422
(In billions)September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012 September 30, 2012
Mutual funds$6,524
 $5,852
 $5,828
Collective funds6,013
 5,363
 4,912
Pension products5,446
 5,339
 5,258
Insurance and other products8,050
 7,817
 7,443
Total$26,033
 $24,371
 $23,441
(1) Decline as of March 31, 2014 compared to December 31, 2013 resulted primarily from the loss of assets serviced referenced later in this “Servicing Fees” section.
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT MIX OF ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND ADMINISTRATION
(In billions) March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 March 31, 2013
Equities $15,040
 $15,050
 $13,095
Fixed-income 9,053
 9,072
 9,069
Short-term and other investments 3,384
 3,305
 3,258
Total $27,477
 $27,427
 $25,422
(In billions)September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012 September 30, 2012
Equities$13,849
 $12,276
 $12,021
Fixed-income8,894
 8,885
 8,518
Short-term and other investments3,290
 3,210
 2,902
Total$26,033
 $24,371
 $23,441

11

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

GEOGRAPHIC MIX OF ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND ADMINISTRATION(1)
(In billions)September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012 September 30, 2012 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 March 31, 2013
United States$18,998
 $17,711
 $17,066
Other Americas739
 752
 703
North America $20,540
 $20,764
 $19,234
Europe/Middle East/Africa5,219
 4,801
 4,636
 5,704
 5,511
 5,060
Asia/Pacific1,077
 1,107
 1,036
 1,233
 1,152
 1,128
Total$26,033
 $24,371
 $23,441
 $27,477
 $27,427
 $25,422
  
(1) Geographic mix is based on the location at which the assets are serviced.
The increase in total assets under custody and administration fromas of March 31, 2014 compared to December 31, 20122013 and compared to September 30,March 31, 2013 primarily resulted from stronger global equity markets and net client cash inflows, as well asshareholder subscriptions, partly offset by net new business installations. The increase in totallosses of assets under custody and administration from September 30, 2012 to September 30, 2013 primarily resulted from stronger global equity markets, net client cash inflows and net new business installations.serviced. Asset levels as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 did not reflect the $143$136 billion of new business in assets to be serviced that was awarded to us in the thirdfirst quarter of 20132014 and prior periods but not installed prior to September 30, 2013March 31, 2014. This new business will be reflected in assets under custody and administration in future periods after installation, and will generate servicing fee revenue in subsequent periods.
The value of assets under custody and administration is a broad measure of the relative size of various markets served. Changes in the values of assets under custody and administration from period to period do not necessarily result in proportional changes in our servicing fee revenue.
Management Fees
Management fees increasedin the first quarter of 10%2014 andincreased 11% during the third quarter and first nine months of2013, respectively, compared to the same periods infirst quarter of 20122013, primarily the result of stronger global equity market valuations and the impact of net new business installed on current-period revenue. Combined average month-end equity market indices, individually presented in the foregoing “INDEX” table, increased approximately 19% in the third quarter of 2013 compared to the third quarter of 2012, and increased approximately 15% in the year-to-date comparison. For the third quarter and first nine months of2013, managementmarkets. Management fees generated outside the U.S. were approximately 37% and 36%, respectively, of total management fees compared to 35% and 36%, respectively, for the same periods in 2012.
The following tables present the components and geographic mix of assets under management as of the dates indicated:
ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT
(In billions)September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012 September 30, 2012
Passive:     
Equities$867
 $755
 $727
Fixed-income282
 293
 295
Exchange-traded funds(1)
360
 337
 337
Other(2)
240
 215
 203
Total passive1,749
 1,600
 1,562
Active:(3)
     
Equities40
 46
 46
Fixed-income14
 17
 17
Other52
 53
 53
Total active106
 116
 116
Cash386
 370
 387
Total$2,241
 $2,086
 $2,065
(1) Includes SPDR® Gold Fund, for which State Street is not the investment manager, but acts as distribution agent.
(2) Includes currency, alternatives, assets passed to sub-advisors and multi-asset class solutions.
(3) Decline asfirst quarter of September 30, 20132014 compared to December 31, 201237% mainly resulted from net outflows, partly offset by market appreciation and impactfor the first quarter of foreign currency translation.2013.


12

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

The following tables present assets under management by asset class and investment approach, ETFs by asset class, and the geographic mix of assets under management, as of the dates indicated:
ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT BY ASSET CLASS AND INVESTMENT APPROACH(1)
(In billions) March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 March 31, 2013
Equity:      
   Active $42
 $42
 $45
   Passive 1,323
 1,334
 1,134
Total Equity 1,365
 1,376
 1,179
Fixed-Income:      
   Active 16
 16
 16
   Passive 320
 311
 325
Total Fixed-Income 336
 327
 341
Cash(2)
 419
 385
 383
Multi-Asset-Class Solutions:      
   Active 25
 23
 23
   Passive 108
 110
 99
Total Multi-Asset-Class Solutions 133
 133

122
Alternative Investments(3):
      
   Active 16
 14
 12
   Passive 112
 110
 139
Total Alternative Investments 128
 124
 151
Total $2,381
 $2,345
 $2,176
(1) As of December 31, 2013, the presentation was changed to align with the reporting of core businesses. Amounts reported as of March 31, 2013 have been adjusted for comparative purposes.
(2) Includes both floating- and constant-net-asset-value portfolios held in commingled structures or separate accounts.
(3) Includes real estate investment trusts, currency and commodities, including SPDR® Gold Fund, for which State Street is not the investment manager, but acts as distribution agent.
EXCHANGE-TRADED FUNDS BY ASSET CLASS(1)(2)
(In billions) March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 March 31, 2013
Alternative Investments $42
 $39
 $70
Cash 1
 1
 1
Equity 308
 325
 251
Fixed-income 36
 34
 32
Total Exchange-Traded Funds $387
 $399
 $354
(1) Exchange-traded funds are a component of assets under management presented in the preceding table.
(2) Includes SPDR® Gold Fund, for which State Street is not the investment manager, but acts as distribution agent.
GEOGRAPHIC MIX OF ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT(1)
(In billions) March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 March 31, 2013
North America $1,480
 $1,456
 $1,362
Europe/Middle East/Africa 562
 560
 499
Asia/Pacific 339
 329
 315
Total $2,381
 $2,345
 $2,176
(In billions)September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012 September 30, 2012
United States$1,555
 $1,410
 $1,402
Other Americas(2)
1
 21
 16
Europe/Middle East/Africa378
 353
 342
Asia/Pacific307
 302
 305
Total$2,241
 $2,086
 $2,065
  
(1) Geographic mix is based on theclient location at which the assets are managed.
(2) Asor fund management location. Amounts reported as of September 30,March 31, 2013, substantially all were adjusted for comparative purposes to reflect realignment of the assets were managed in the U.S.reporting.
The increase in total assets under management as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 compared to December 31, 20122013 resulted from stronger global equity market valuations during the nine-month periodmarkets and net new business installed, as presented in the values of the assets managed, partly offset byfollowing table. The net lostnew business of $11approximately $4 billion. The net lost business was primarily composed of $11 billion was generally composed of approximately $15 billion of net outflows from equity funds, approximately $6 billion of net outflows from ETFs and approximately $8 billion of net outflows from fixed-income and other funds, partly offset by approximately $1835 billion of net inflows, substantially into managed cash.cash, partly offset by net outflows of $31 billion from ETF and institutional products. Outflows were primarily from passive equity funds.
The following table presents activity in assets under management for the twelve months ended September 30, 2013March 31, 2014:
ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT
(In billions) 
September 30, 2012$2,065
Net lost business(1)
Market appreciation(1)
22
December 31, 20122,086
Net lost business(11)
Market appreciation(1)
166
September 30, 2013$2,241
(1) Amounts include the impact of foreign currency translation.
(In billions) 
March 31, 2013$2,176
Net lost business(10)
Market appreciation179
December 31, 20132,345
Net new business4
Market appreciation32
March 31, 2014$2,381
The net lostnew business of $4 billion for $11 billion in the first nine months of 20132014 presented in the preceding table did not include $2521 billion of new asset management business, substantially all of which was awarded to SSgA in the thirdfirst quarter of 20132014 but not installed prior to September 30, 2013March 31, 2014. This new business will be reflected in assets under management in future periods after installation, and will generate management fee revenue in subsequent periods.
Total assets under management as of March 31, 2014 included managed assets lost but not yet liquidated. Lost business occurs from time to time and it is difficult to predict the timing of client behavior in transitioning these assets. This timing can vary significantly.


13

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Trading Services
The following table summarizes the components of trading services revenue for the periods indicated:
Quarters Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions)2013 2012 % Change 2013 2012 % Change2014 2013 % Change
Foreign exchange trading:                
Direct sales and trading$74
 $60
 23 % $241
 $197
 22 %$71
 $81
 (12)%
Indirect foreign exchange trading73
 55
 33
 223
 196
 14
63
 65
 (3)
Total foreign exchange trading147
 115
 28
 464
 393
 18
134
 146
 (8)
Brokerage and other trading services:                
Electronic foreign exchange trading52
 51
 2
 182
 160
 14
53
 64
 (17)
Other trading, transition management and brokerage57
 66
 (14) 187
 214
 (13)52
 71
 (27)
Total brokerage and other trading services109
 117
 (7) 369
 374
 (1)105
 135
 (22)
Total trading services revenue$256
 $232
 10
 $833
 $767
 9
$239
 $281
 (15)

13

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Trading services revenue is composed of revenue generated by foreign exchange, or FX, trading, as well as revenue generated by brokerage and other trading services. We earn FX trading revenue by acting as a principal market maker. We offer a range of FX products, services and execution models. Most of our FX products and execution services can be grouped into three broad categories, which are further explained below: “direct sales and trading FX,” “indirect FX” and “electronic FX trading.” With respect to electronic FX trading, we provide an execution venue but do not act as agent or principal.
We also offer a range of brokerage and other trading products tailored specifically to meet the needs of the global pension community, including transition management and commission recapture. In addition, we act as distribution agent for the SPDR® Gold ETF. These products and services are generally differentiated by our positionrole as an agent of the institutional investor. Revenue earned from these brokerage and other trading products and services is recorded in other trading, transition management and brokerage revenue within brokerage and other trading services revenue.
FX trading revenue is influenced by three principal factors: the volume and type of client FX transactions;transactions and related spreads; currency volatility; and the management of market risk associated with currencies and interest rates. Revenue earned from direct sales and trading FX and indirect FX is recorded in FX trading revenue. Revenue earned from electronic FX trading is recorded in brokerage and other trading services revenue.



The changes15% decrease in total trading services revenue infor the first quarter of third quarter and first nine months of20132014 compared to the same periods infirst quarter of 20122013, composed of separate changes related to FX trading and brokerage and other trading services, is explained below.
Total FX trading revenue increased 28% and 18%declined 8% in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of2013 2014 compared to the same periods infirst quarter of 20122013, primarily the result of lower currency volatility and spreads, partly offset by higher client volumes and higher currency volatility, as well as higher spreads. Aggregate client volumes increased 18% and 32% in the quarterly and nine-month comparisons, respectively. In the same comparisons, volatility increased 12% and 8%, respectively.volumes.
We enter into FX transactions with clients and investment managers that contact our trading desk directly. These trades are all executed at negotiated rates. We refer to this activity, and our principal market-making activities, as “direct sales and trading FX.” Alternatively, clients or their investment managers may elect to route FX transactions to our FX desk through our asset-servicing operation; we refer to this activity as “indirect FX.” We execute indirect FX trades as a principal at rates disclosed to our clients. We calculate revenue for indirect FX using an attribution methodology based on estimated effective mark-ups/downs and observed client volumes. All other FX trading revenue, other than this indirect FX revenue estimate, is considered by us to be direct sales and trading FX revenue. Our clients that utilize indirect FX can, in addition to executing their FX transactions through dealers not affiliated with us, transition from indirect FX to either direct sales and trading FX execution, including our “Street FX” service that enables our clients to define their FX execution strategy and automate the FX trade execution process, in which State Street continues to act as a principal market maker, or to one of our electronic trading platforms.
ForIn the first quarter of third quarter and first nine months of20132014, our estimated indirect FX revenue increased 33% and 14%, respectively. For the third quarter and first nine months of2013declined 3% compared to the same periods infirst quarter of 20122013, and our direct sales and trading FX revenue increased 23% and 22%, respectively.declined 12%. The increasesdecline in all comparisons wereestimated indirect FX revenue mainly the result of higherresulted from lower client volumes and higher currency volatility, as well as higher spreads.
Total brokerage and other trading servicesvolatility. The decline in direct FX revenue declined 7% and 1% in the third quarter and first nine months of2013, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012.
Our clients may choose to execute FX transactions through one of our electronic trading platforms. This service generates revenue through a “click” fee. Revenue from such electronic FX trading increased 2% and 14% in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2013 compared to the same periods in 2012, mainly due to increases in client volumes. In the third quarter and first nine months of2013, other trading, transition management and brokerage revenue declined 14% and 13%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012. The decrease in the quarterly comparison mainly resulted from a decline in distribution fees associated with the SPDR® Gold ETF, which resulted from decreases in gold prices and net outflows of ETF assets. In the nine-month comparison, the decline in distribution fees associated with the SPDR® Gold ETF and a decline in transition management revenue contributed to the decrease. With respect to the SPDR® Gold ETF, fees earnedlower currency volatility, partly offset by us as distribution agent are recorded in other trading, transition management and brokerage revenue within brokerage and other trading services revenue, and not in management fee revenue.higher client volumes.
We continue to expect that some clients may choose, over time, to reduce their level of indirect FX transactions in favor of other execution methods, including either direct FX transactions or electronic FX trading which we provide. To the extent that clients shift to other execution methods that we provide, our FX trading revenue may decrease, even if volumes remain consistent.
Total brokerage and other trading services revenue declined 22% in the first quarter of 2014 compared to the first quarter of 2013. Our clients may choose to execute FX transactions through one


14

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

of our electronic trading platforms. This service generates revenue through a “click” fee. Revenue from such electronic FX trading declined 17% compared to the first quarter of 2013, mainly due to declines in client volumes.
Other trading, transition management and brokerage revenue declined 27% in the first quarter of 2014 compared to the first quarterof2013. The decrease mainly resulted from a decline in distribution fees associated with the SPDR® Gold ETF, which resulted from lower average gold prices and net outflows from the SPDR® Gold ETF, partially offset by a slight increase in transition management revenue. With respect to the SPDR® Gold ETF, fees earned by us as distribution agent are recorded in other trading, transition management and brokerage revenue within brokerage and other trading services revenue, and not in management fee revenue.
Our revenue from transition management and related expenses in the first quarter of 2014, as well as in full-years 2013, 2012 and 2011, were adversely affected by compliance issues in our U.K. business, the reputational and regulatory impact of which may continue to adversely affect our transition management revenue in future periods.
Securities Finance
Our agency securities finance business consists of two principal components: an agency lending program for SSgA-managed investment funds with a broad range of investment objectives, which we refer to as the SSgA lending funds, and an agency lending program for third-party investment managers and asset owners, which we refer to as the agency lending funds.

14

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

 We also participate in securities lending transactions as a principal. As principal, we borrow securities from the lending client and then lend such securities to the subsequent borrower, either a State Street client or a broker/dealer. Our involvement as principal is utilized when the lending client is unable to, or elects not to, transact directly with the market and requires us to execute the transaction and furnish the securities. In our role as principal, we provide support to the transaction through our credit rating, and we have the ability to source securities through our assets under custody and administration.
Securities finance revenue earned from our agency lending activities, which is composed of our split of both the spreads related to cash collateral and the fees related to non-cash collateral, is principally a function of the volume of securities on loan, the interest-rate spreads and fees earned on the underlying collateral, and our share of the fee split.
 We also participate in securities lending transactions as a principal in our enhanced custody business. As principal, we borrow securities from the lending client and then lend such securities to the subsequent borrower, either a State Street client or a broker/dealer. Our involvement as principal is utilized when the lending client is unable to, or elects not to, transact directly with the market and requires us to
execute the transaction and furnish the securities. In our role as principal, we provide support to the transaction through our credit rating. While a significant proportion of the securities furnished by us in our role as principal is sourced from third parties, we have the ability to source securities through our assets under custody and administration.
Securities finance revenue in the first quarter of third2014 increased 9% compared to the first quarter and first nine months of2013, securities financereflective of growth in revenue declined 19% and 15%, respectively, compared to the same periodsearned in 2012, mainly due to lower spreads and slightly lower lending volumes. Average spreads declined 27% and 17% in the third quarter and first nine months of2013, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012. Securities on loan averaged approximately $316 billion and $320 billion for the third quarter and first nine months of2013, respectively, compared to approximately $321 billion and $330 billion, respectively, for the same periods in 2012, a 2% and 3% decline, respectively.connection with our enhanced custody business.
Market influences may continue to affect client demand for securities finance, and as a result our revenue from, and the profitability of, our securities lending activities in future periods. In addition, proposed or anticipated regulatory changes may affect the volume of our securities lending activity and related revenue and profitability in future periods.
Processing Fees and Other
Processing fees and other revenue in the first quarter of 2014 increased 47%17% and 3% in the third quarter and first nine months of2013, respectively, compared to the same periods infirst quarterof 20122013. The increases wereincrease was primarily the result of higher fee revenue associated with our investment in bank-owned life insurance. The year-to-date increase also benefited from a gain from the sale of an investment by one of our joint ventures. These increases were partly offset in both comparisons by the impact of positive fair-value adjustments recorded in 2012 related to our withdrawal from our fixed-income trading initiative and hedge ineffectiveness recorded in 2013.
NET INTEREST REVENUENet Interest Revenue
Net interest revenue is defined as total interest revenue earned on interest-earning assets less interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities. Interest-earning assets, which principally consist of investment securities, interest-bearing deposits with banks, repurchase agreements, loans and leases and other liquid assets, are financed primarily by client deposits, short-term borrowings and long-term debt. Net interest margin represents the relationship between annualized fully taxable-equivalent net interest revenue and average total interest-earning assets for the period. Revenue that is exempt from income taxes, mainly that earned from certain investment securities (state and political subdivisions), is adjusted to a fully taxable-equivalent basis using a federal statutory income tax rate of 35%, adjusted for applicable state income taxes, net of the related federal tax benefit.

15

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

The following tables presenttable presents the components of average interest-earning assets and average interest-bearing liabilities, related interest revenue and interest expense, and rates earned and paid, for the periods indicated:
 Quarters Ended September 30,
 2013 2012
(Dollars in millions; fully taxable-equivalent basis)
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Revenue/
Expense
 Rate 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Revenue/
Expense
 Rate
Interest-bearing deposits with banks$25,270
 $29
 .46% $26,553
 $31
 .47%
Securities purchased under resale agreements5,895
 8
 .54
 7,773
 15
 .72
Trading account assets802
 
 
 610
 
 
Investment securities115,552
 582
 2.02
 113,899
 658
 2.31
Loans and leases13,859
 58
 1.66
 11,626
 58
 1.99
Other interest-earning assets11,927
 1
 .02
 8,136
 
 
Average total interest-earning assets$173,305
 $678
 1.56
 $168,597
 $762
 1.80
Interest-bearing deposits:           
U.S.$5,735
 $1
 .06% $11,624
 $5
 .14%
Non-U.S.99,253
 16
 .06
 89,658
 32
 .14
Securities sold under repurchase agreements8,757
 
 
 7,757
 
 
Federal funds purchased247
 
 
 722
 
 
Other short-term borrowings3,413
 15
 1.63
 4,759
 18
 1.55
Long-term debt8,824
 59
 2.67
 6,408
 52
 3.20
Other interest-bearing liabilities6,777
 6
 .35
 6,359
 4
 .25
Average total interest-bearing liabilities$133,006
 $97
 .29
 $127,287
 $111
 .35
Interest-rate spread    1.27%     1.45%
Net interest revenue—fully taxable-equivalent basis  $581
     $651
  
Net interest margin—fully taxable-equivalent basis    1.33%     1.53%
Tax-equivalent adjustment  (35)     (32)  
Net interest revenue—GAAP basis  $546
     $619
  


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Nine Months Ended September 30,Quarters Ended March 31,
2013 20122014 2013
(Dollars in millions; fully taxable-equivalent basis)
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Revenue/
Expense
 Rate 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Revenue/
Expense
 Rate
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Revenue/
Expense
 Rate 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Revenue/
Expense
 Rate
Interest-bearing deposits with banks$28,014
 $91
 .43% $25,776
 $108
 .56%$33,410
 $34
 .42% $30,586
 $31
 .41%
Securities purchased under resale agreements5,799
 33
 .76
 7,735
 37
 .63
6,631
 9
 .53
 5,649
 13
 .95
Trading account assets723
 
 
 659
 
 
901
 
 
 728
 
 
Investment securities117,877
 1,809
 2.05
 112,109
 2,044
 2.43
117,835
 597
 2.02
 119,601
 618
 2.07
Loans and leases13,537
 193
 1.91
 11,232
 184
 2.19
14,602
 58
 1.61
 12,737
 56
 1.77
Other interest-earning assets10,666
 4
 .04
 7,253
 2
 .03
13,527
 1
 .02
 9,023
 1
 .06
Average total interest-earning assets$176,616
 $2,130
 1.61
 $164,764
 $2,375
 1.93
$186,906
 $699
 1.52
 $178,324
 $719
 1.63
Interest-bearing deposits:                      
U.S.$9,006
 $10
 .14% $7,192
 $12
 .22%$12,072
 $1
 .03% $13,398
 $6
 .19%
Non-U.S.100,365
 68
 .09
 88,250
 115
 .17
101,282
 14
 .06
 99,720
 28
 .11
Securities sold under repurchase agreements8,358
 
 
 7,828
 1
 .01
8,424
 
 
 7,839
 
 
Federal funds purchased303
 
 
 835
 
 
20
 
 
 363
 
 
Other short-term borrowings3,894
 46
 1.55
 4,723
 54
 1.53
3,909
 15
 1.57
 4,640
 16
 1.42
Long-term debt8,146
 169
 2.77
 7,160
 172
 3.20
9,668
 63
 2.60
 7,400
 56
 3.03
Other interest-bearing liabilities6,517
 19
 .39
 6,023
 11
 .25
6,758
 7
 .43
 6,496
 5
 .31
Average total interest-bearing liabilities$136,589
 $312
 .30
 $122,011
 $365
 .40
$142,133
 $100
 .29
 $139,856
 $111
 .32
Interest-rate spread    1.31%     1.53%    1.23%     1.31%
Net interest revenue—fully taxable-equivalent basis  $1,818
     $2,010
    $599
     $608
  
Net interest margin—fully taxable-equivalent basis    1.38%     1.63%    1.30%     1.38%
Tax-equivalent adjustment  (100)     (94)    (44)     (32)  
Net interest revenue—GAAP basis  $1,718
     $1,916
    $555
     $576
  
ForAverage total interest-earning assets for the first nine monthsquarter of 20132014 were higher compared to the first nine monthsquarter of 2012, average total interest-earning assets increased, mainly2013, the result of higher levels of cash collateral (included in other interest-earning assets in the preceding table) provided in connection with our enhanced custody business, as well as increased investment in interest-bearing deposits with banks and higher average loans and leases.
Our average other interest-earning assets associated with enhanced custody composed approximately 6% of our total average interest-earning assets for the first quarter of 2014, compared to approximately 5% for the first quarter of 2013, as this business continued to grow. While these securities finance activities support our overall profitability by generating securities finance revenue, they put downward pressure on our net interest margin, as interest on the collateral provided is earned at a lower rate than on our investment securities portfolio.
The higher level of investment in interest-bearing deposits with banks resulted from continued elevated levels of client deposits, discussed further below, while the increase in purchases ofaverage loans and leases resulted from growth in mutual fund lending and our investment securities as well as in interest-bearing deposits with banks. senior secured bank loans.
During the past year, our clients have continued to place elevated levels of deposits with us, as low global interest rates have made deposits attractive relative to other investment options. ThoseThe portion of these client deposits determined to beclassified as transient in nature havehas been placed with various central banks globally, whereaswhile deposits determined to beclassified as more stable have been invested in our investment securities portfolio or elsewhere to support growth in other client-related activities.
Average loans and leases were higher in the same nine-month comparison, due to growth in short-duration advances to our mutual fund clients. Higher levels of cash collateral provided in connection with our role as principal in certain securities finance activities drove other interest-earning assets higher as this business grew. While these activities support our overall profitability, they put downward pressure on our net interest margin.
Net interest revenue decreased12% fordeclined 4% in the thirdfirst quarter of 20132014, and on a fully taxable-equivalent basis declined 1%, compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2012 and decreased10% for the first nine months of 2013 compared to the first nine months of 2012.2013. The decreases were primarilygenerally the result of lower yields on earninginterest-earning assets, related toas lower global interest rates partly offset by lower funding costs.affected revenue from floating-rate assets, net of the benefit of those rates on interest expense. The decreasesdecrease also reflected the continued impact of the reinvestment of paydownspay-downs on existing investment securities in lower-yielding investment securities. These decreases in net interest revenue were partly offset by the impact of growth in the investment portfolio.
Subsequent to the commercial paper conduit consolidation in 2009,, we have recorded aggregate discount accretion in interest revenue of $1.871.93 billion ($621 million in 2009,, $712 million in 2010,, $220 million in 2011, $215 million in 2012 and, $106137 million in the first nine months of 2013) and $27 million in the first quarter of 2014). The timing and ultimate recognition of any applicable discount accretion depends, in part, on factors that


16

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

are outside of our control, including anticipated prepayment speeds and credit quality. The impact of these factors is uncertain and can be significantly influenced by general economic and financial market conditions. The timing and recognition of any applicable discount accretion can also be influenced by our ongoing management of the risks and other characteristics associated with our investment securities portfolio, including sales of securities which would otherwise generate interest revenue through accretion.
Depending on the factors discussed above, among others, we anticipate that, until the former conduit securities remaining in our investment portfolio mature or are sold, discount accretion will continue to contribute, though generally in declining amounts, to

17

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

our net interest revenue. Assuming that we hold the remaining former conduit securities to maturity, all else being equal, we expect the remaining former conduit securities carried in our investment portfolio as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 to generate aggregate discount accretion in future periods of approximately $603$548 million over their remaining terms, with approximately half of this aggregate discount accretion to be recorded over the next four years.
Changes in the components of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are discussed in more detail below. Additional detail about the components of interest revenue and interest expense is provided in note 13 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Interest-bearing deposits with banks, which include cash balances maintained at the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, or ECB, and other non-U.S. central banks to satisfy reserve requirements, averaged $25.27$33.41 billion for the quarter ended third quarter of 2013March 31, 2014, compared to $26.55$30.59 billion for the third quarter of 2012. For the first nine months ofended March 31, 2013,, such deposits averaged $28.01 billion, compared to $25.78 billion for the first nine months of 2012. Both comparisons reflected reflecting the impact of the placementofcontinued elevated levels of client deposits. Certain client deposits which were determined to beclassified as transient in nature and were placed with various central banks globally. In 2013, our investment of these elevated client deposits has been diversified in part through purchases of investment securities. If client deposits remain at or close to current elevated levels, we expect to continue to invest client depositsthem in either money market assets, including central bank deposits, or in investment securities, depending on our assessment of the underlying characteristics of the deposits.
Our average AAverage investment securities portfolio increaseddecreased to $115.55$117.84 billion for the quarter ended third quarter of 2013March 31, 2014 from $113.90$119.60 billion for the third quarter of 2012, and in the year-to-date comparison increased to $117.88 billion from $112.11 billion.ended March 31, 2013. The increases weredecrease was generally the result of ongoing purchases of securities, partly offset by maturities, sales and paydowns. Period-end portfolio balances are more significantly influenced byan asset allocation shift from the timing of purchases, sales and runoff; as a result, average portfolio balances are a more effective indication of trends in portfolio activity. As of September 30, 2013, securities rated “AAA” and “AA” represented approximately 88% of our investment portfolio consistentto loans and leases. Detail with respect to the composition of ourinvestment portfolio as of September 30, 2012March 31, 2014. and December 31, 2013 is provided in note 3 to the
consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Loans and leases averaged $13.86$14.60 billion for the quarter ended third quarter of 2013March 31, 2014, compared to $11.63$12.74 billion for the third quarter of 2012, and $13.54 billion for the first nine months of 2013, up from $11.23 billion in the 2012 period.ended March 31, 2013. The increases wereincrease was mainly related to mutual fund lending and our investment in senior secured bank loans, which in the aggregate averaged $8.59$10.02 billion for the quarter ended third quarter of 2013March 31, 2014 compared to $6.32$8.11 billion, the latter of which was all mutual fund lending, for the third quarter of 2012ended March 31, 2013.
. Overall, theAverage loans and leases also include short-duration advances. The proportion of average short-duration liquidity declined to approximately 25% of our average loan-and-lease portfolio declined to approximately 24% for the quarter ended third quarter of 2013March 31, 2014 from approximately 27% for the third quarter of 2012.ended March 31, 2013. Short-duration advances provide liquidity to clients in support of their investment activities related to securities settlement.
The following table presents average U.S. and non-U.S. short-duration advances for the periods indicated:
Quarters Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Quarters Ended March 31,
(In millions)2013 2012 2013 20122014 2013
Average U.S. short-duration advances$2,292
 $1,813
 $2,343
 $1,815
$2,079
 $2,089
Average non-U.S. short-duration advances1,219
 1,319
 1,409
 1,362
1,411
 1,401
Average total short-duration advances$3,511
 $3,132
 $3,752
 $3,177
$3,490
 $3,490
The increases in averageAverage short-duration advances for the quarter ended third quarter and first nine months of 2013 compared to the third quarter and first nine months of 2012March 31, 2014 were flat compared with the quarter ended March 31, 2013. Average short-duration advances remained low, mainly the result of clients continuing to hold higher trading volumes and volatility influenced by stronger overall market valuations.levels of liquidity.
Average other interest-earning assets increased to $11.93$13.53 billion for the quarter ended third quarter of 2013March 31, 2014 from $8.14$9.02 billion for the third quarter of 2012, and to $10.67 billion from $7.25 billion in the year-to-date comparison. These increasesended March 31, 2013. The increased levels were primarily the result of higher levels of cash collateral provided in connection with our participation in principal securities finance transactions.enhanced custody business.
Aggregate average interest-bearing deposits increased to $104.99were flat at $113.35 billion for the quarter ended third quarter of 2013March 31, 2014 from $101.28$113.12 billion for the third quarter of 2012, and increased to $109.37 billion from $95.44 billion in the year-to-date comparison. These increases mainly reflected higherended March 31, 2013. Higher levels of interest-bearing demand deposit accounts, as low interest rates worldwide made deposits attractive to our clients relative to other investment options. In addition, non-U.S. transaction accounts associated with new and existing business in assets under custody and administration continued to grow, although there has beenwere offset by a modest decline in non-interest bearing deposits followingU.S. certificates of deposit, the expiration of the FDIC's Transaction Account Guarantee, or TAG, program effective December 31, 2012.latter in connection with our liability management. Future deposittransaction account levels will be influenced by the underlying asset servicing business, as well as market conditions, including the general levels of U.S. and non-U.S. interest rates.
Average long-term debt increasedother short-term borrowings declined to $8.82$3.91 billion for the quarter ended third quarter of 2013March 31, 2014 from $6.41$4.64 billion for the third quarter of 2012, and to $8.15 billion from $7.16 billion in the year-to-date comparison. The increases primarily reflected the issuance ofended March 31,


1817

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

$1
2013, as higher levels of client deposits provided additional liquidity. Average long-term debt increased to $9.67 billion of extendible notes by State Street Bank in December 2012 andfor the issuancequarter ended March 31, 2014 from $7.40 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2013. The increase primarily reflected the issuances of $1.5 billion of senior and subordinated debt in May 2013. These increases were partly offset by maturities2013 and the issuance of $1.75$1.0 billion of senior debt in the second quarter of 2012.November 2013.
 Average other interest-bearing liabilities increased to $6.76 billion for the quarter ended increasedMarch 31, 2014 tofrom $6.786.50 billion for the third quarter ofended March 31, 2013, from $6.36 billion for the third quarter of 2012 and to $6.52 billion from $6.02 billion in the year-to-date comparison, primarily the result of higher levels of cash collateral received from clients in connection with our participation in principal securities finance transactions.enhanced custody business.
Several factors could affect future levels of our net interest revenue and margin, including the mix of client liabilities; actions of various central banks; changes in U.S. and non-U.S. interest rates; changes in the various yield curves around the world; revised or proposed regulatory capital or liquidity standards, or interpretations of those standards; the amount of discount accretion generated by the former conduit securities that remain in our investment securities portfolio; and the yields earned on securities purchased compared to the yields earned on securities sold or matured.
Based on market conditions and other factors, we continue to reinvest the majority of the proceeds from paydownspay-downs and maturities of investment securities in highly-rated securities, such as U.S. Treasury and agency securities, federal agency mortgage-backed securities and U.S. and non-U.S. mortgage- and asset-backed securities. The pace at which we continue to reinvest and the types of investment securities purchased will depend on the impact of market conditions and other factors over time. We expect these factors and the levels of global interest rates to dictateinfluence what effect our reinvestment program will have on future levels of our net interest revenue and net interest margin.
Gains (Losses) Related to Investment Securities, Net
The following table presents net realized gains from sales of available-for-sale securities and the components of net impairment losses, included in net gains and losses related to investment securities, for the periods indicated:
 Quarters Ended March 31,
(In millions)2014 2013
Net realized gains from sales of available-for-sale securities$15
 $5
Net impairment losses:   
Gross losses from other-than-temporary impairment(1) 
Losses reclassified (from) to other comprehensive income(8) (3)
Net impairment losses(1)
(9) (3)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net$6
 $2
    
(1) Net impairment losses, recognized in our consolidated statement of income, were composed of the following:
   
Impairment associated with expected credit losses$(9) $
Impairment associated with adverse changes in timing of expected future cash flows
 (3)
Net impairment losses$(9) $(3)
 Quarters Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)2013 2012 2013 2012
Net realized gains from sales of available-for-sale securities$6
 $24
 $11
 $29
Losses from other-than-temporary impairment(8) (4) (8) (50)
Losses reclassified (from) to other comprehensive income(2) (2) (12) 23
Net impairment losses recognized in consolidated statement of income(10) (6) (20) (27)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net$(4) $18
 $(9) $2
Impairment associated with expected credit losses(8) (1) (8) (14)
Impairment associated with management’s intent to sell impaired securities prior to recovery in value
 
 (6) 
Impairment associated with adverse changes in timing of expected future cash flows(2) (5) (6) (13)
Net impairment losses recognized in consolidated statement of income$(10) $(6) $(20) $(27)
From time to time, in connection with our ongoing management of our investment securities portfolio, we sell available-for-sale securities to manage risk, to take advantage of favorable market conditions, or for other reasons. In the first nine monthsquarter of 2013,2014, we sold approximately $8.091.82 billion of such investment securities, compared to approximately $2.75 billion in the first quarter of 2013, and recorded net realized gains of $1115 million. In the and first nine months of 2012$5 million, we sold approximately $4.21 billion of such investment securities and recorded net realized gains of $29 million.
The net realized gains recordedrespectively, as presented in the first nine months of 2012 reflected a loss of $46 million from the second-quarter sale of all of our Greek investment securities, which had an aggregate carrying value of approximately $91 million. These securities, which were previously classified as held to maturity, were sold as a result of the effect of significant deterioration in the creditworthiness of the underlying collateral, including significant downgrades of the securities' external credit ratings.preceding table.
We regularly review our investment securities portfolio to identify other-than-temporary impairment of individual securities. Additional information about investment securities, the gross gains and losses that compose the net gains from sales of securities and other-than-temporary impairment is provided in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.


1918

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

EXPENSES
Expenses
The following table presents the components of expenses for the periods indicated:
Quarters Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions)2013 2012 % Change 2013 2012 % Change2014 2013 %  Change
Compensation and employee benefits$903
 $916
 (1)% $2,855
 $2,922
 (2)%$1,157
 $1,035
 12 %
Information systems and communications235
 211
 11
 707
 610
 16
244
 237
 3
Transaction processing services185
 170
 9
 551
 523
 5
191
 180
 6
Occupancy113
 115
 (2) 343
 349
 (2)114
 116
 (2)
Claims resolution
 (362)   
 (362)  
Acquisition costs18
 13
 

 52
 41
  21
 15
  
Restructuring charges, net12
 15
 

 22
 45
  12
 (1)  
Other:

               
Professional services98
 89
 10
 280
 266
 5
105
 79
 33
Amortization of other intangible assets53
 46
 15
 160
 145
 10
54
 53
 2
Securities processing costs14
 2
 

 24
 26
  23
 5
  
Regulator fees and assessments23
 15
 

 55
 44
  
Regulatory fees and assessments19
 15
  
Other68
 185
 (63) 297
 413
 (28)88
 92
 (4)
Total other256
 337
 (24) 816
 894
 (9)289
 244
 18
Total expenses$1,722
 $1,415
 22
 $5,346
 $5,022
 6
$2,028
 $1,826
 11
Number of employees at period-end29,230
 29,650
        
Number of employees as of quarter-end29,530
 29,500
  
Expenses
Total expenses forin the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 20132014 increased 22%11% and 6%, respectively, compared to the third quarter and first nine months of 2012.
Total expenses for the third quarter of 2013 reflected aggregate credits of $30 million in other expenses, presented in "other" in the table above, related to gains and recoveries associated with Lehman Brothers-related assets. Total expenses for the first nine months of 2013 reflected aggregate credits of $57 million (the $30 million described above plus an additional $27 million recorded in the second quarter of 2013) in other expenses, presented in "other" in the nine-month table above, related to recoveries associated with Lehman Brothers-related assets.2013.
Total expenses for the third quarter of 2012 reflected a net credit of $277 million, composed of recoveries of $362 million associated with the 2008 Lehman Brothers bankruptcy, presented separately in the table above, partly offset by provisions for litigation exposure and other costs of $85 million, the latter presented in "other" in the table above.
Excluding the credits of $30 million and $277 million recorded in the third quarters of 2013 and 2012, respectively, as well as the aggregate credits of $57 million recorded in the first nine months of 2013, total expenses in the quarterly and nine-month comparisons increased 4% and 2%, respectively.
The declines12% increase in compensation and employee benefits expenses in both comparisons primarily resulted from lower staffing levels and associated savings relatedthe first quarter of 2014 compared to the executionfirst quarter of 2013 was primarily due to the severance costs of $72 million, more fully described below, recorded in the first quarter of 2014, higher incentive compensation, and costs for additional staffing associated with the installation of new business and added regulatory and compliance requirements. Compensation and employee benefits expenses in the first quarter of 2014 and the first quarter of 2013 included approximately $146 million and $118 million, respectively, associated with seasonal deferred incentive compensation expense for retirement-eligible employees and payroll taxes.
These increases were partly offset by savings generated from the implementation of our Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program and lower benefitprogram.
In the first quarter of 2014, we recorded $72 million of severance costs partly offset by expensesassociated with staff reductions. These reductions were undertaken in connection with the realignment of our cost base to support new businessour investments in growth opportunities and higher incentive compensation. meet evolving regulatory requirements.

Compensation and employee benefits expenses in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 20132014 included approximately $2212 million and $64 million, respectively, of costs related to our continuing executionthe implementation of theour Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program, compared to approximately $2223 million andin the first quarter of $62 million, respectively, for the same periods in 20122013. These costs are not expected to recur subsequent to full executionimplementation of the program.program, planned for the end of 2014.
The increases3% increase in information systems and communications expenses in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 20132014 compared to the same periods infirst quarter of 20122013 werewas primarily the result of the planned transition of certain functions to third-party service providers associated with components of our technology infrastructure and application maintenance and support, as part of the Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program, as well asand costs to support new business.
Additional information with respect to the impact of the Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program on future compensation and employee benefits and information systems and communications expenses is provided in the following “Restructuring Charges” section.

20

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

The increases6% increase in transaction processing services expenses in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 20132014 compared to the same periods infirst quarter of 20122013 generallyprimarily reflected higher equity market values and higher transaction volumes in the assetinvestment servicing business.
The decreases18% increase in otherexpenses in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 20132014 compared to the same periods infirst quarter of 20122013 were mainlywas primarily the result of a decline in litigation-related provisions. In addition, other expenses for the third quarter and first nine months of 2013 reflected the above-described credits associated with Lehman Brothers-related assets. These credits were partly offset by higher professional services fees, the addition of amortization of other intangible assets associated with the GSAS acquisition, which was completed in October 2012, and, in the quarterly comparison, a higher level of professional services associated with regulatory compliance, as well as securities processing costs.costs associated with our transition management business. Additional information about transition management is provided under “Highlights” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis and in note 8 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
We expect continued evolving and increasing regulatory and compliance requirements to influence our expenses by, for example, increasing our employee compensation and benefits, information systems and other expenses, as we further adjust our operations and systems in response to new or proposed requirements.
Acquisition Costs
ForIn the first quarter of 2014, we recorded acquisition costs of third quarter$21 million andcompared to $15 million in the first quarter of first nine months of 2013, we incurred acquisition costswith both amounts related to previously disclosed acquisitions, mainly


19

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

our October 2012. acquisition of Goldman Sachs Administration Services.
Restructuring Charges
Information with respect to our Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program and our 2011 and 2012 expense control measures, including charges, employee reductions and aggregate activity in the related accruals, is provided in the following sections.
Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation Program
In November 2010, we announced a global multi-year Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program. The program includes operational, information technology and targeted cost initiatives, including plans related to reductions in both staff and occupancy costs.
With respect to our business operations, we are standardizing certain core business processes,
primarily through our execution of the State Street Lean methodology, and driving automation of these business processes. We are currently creating a new technology platform, including transferring certain core software applications to a private cloud, and have expanded our use of third-party service providers associated with components of our information technology infrastructure and application maintenance and support. We expecttransferred the transfermajority of our core software applications to a private cloud to occur primarily in 2013, and we expect to transfer the remaining core software applications in 2014.
To implement this program, we expect to incur aggregate pre-tax restructuring charges of approximately $400 million to $450 million over the four-year period ending December 31, 2014. To date, we have recorded aggregate restructuring charges of $375390 million in our consolidated statement of income, as presented in the following table by type of cost:

(In millions)
Employee-Related
Costs
 
Real Estate
Consolidation
 
Information
Technology  Costs
 Total
Employee-Related
Costs
 
Real Estate
Consolidation
 
Information
Technology Costs
 Total
2010$105
 $51
 $
 $156
$105
 $51
 $
 $156
201185
 7
 41
 133
85
 7
 41
 133
201227
 20
 20
 67
27
 20
 20
 67
First nine months of 20139
 11
 (1) 19
201313
 13
 (1) 25
First quarter of 20146
 3
 
 9
Total$226
 $89
 $60
 $375
$236
 $94
 $60
 $390
Employee-related costs included severance, benefits and outplacement services. Real estate consolidation costs resulted from actions taken to reduce our occupancy costs through the consolidation of leases and properties. Information technology costs included transition fees related to the above-described expansion of our use of third-party service providers.
In 2010, in connection with the program, we initiated the involuntary termination of 1,400 employees, or approximately 5% of our global workforce, which we had substantially completed by the end of 2011.2011. In addition, in connection with our announcement in 2011 of the expansion of our use of third-party service providers associated with our information technology infrastructure and application maintenance and support, as well as the continued executionimplementation of the business operations transformation component of the program, we have identified 1,2341,436 additional involuntary terminations and role eliminations, including 263 in the first nine months of 2013.terminations. As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, we have eliminated 1,1681,375 of these positions.
In connection with the continuing executionimplementation of the program, we achieved approximately $86 million of pre-tax expense savings in 2011, and incremental pre-tax expense savings of approximately $112$220 million in 2013, $112 million in
2012, and $86 million in 2011, in each case compared to our 2010 total expenses from operations. As of December 31, 2012, we have achieved totaloperations, all else being equal. We expect to achieve additional pre-tax expense savings in 2014 of approximately $198$130 million.

21

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

million since the program's inception in 2010. IncrementalThese pre-tax expense savings relate only to be achievedthe Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program and are based on projected improvement from our total 2010 expenses from operations, all else being equal. Our actual total expenses have increased since 2010, and may in 2013 are forecastedthe future increase or decrease, due to be approximately $220 million.other factors. The majority of the annual savings have affected compensation and employee benefits expenses. These savings have been modestly offset by increases in information systems and communications expenses.
Excluding the expected aggregate restructuring charges of $400 million to $450 million described earlier, we expect the program to reduce our pre-tax expenses from operations, on an annualized basis, by approximately $575 million to $625 million by the end of 2014 compared to 2010, all else being equal, with the full effect to be realized in 2015. We expect the business operations transformation component of


20

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

the program to result in approximately $450 million of these savings with the majority of these savings expected to be achieved by the end of 2013. In addition, we expectand the information technology transformation component of the program to result in approximately $150 million of savings.
These pre-tax savings relate only to the Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program and are based on projected improvement from our total 2010 expenses from operations. Our actual total expenses have increased since 2010, and may in the future increase or decrease, due to other factors. The majority of the annual savings will affect compensation and employee benefits expenses. These savings will be modestly offset by increases in information systems and communications expenses as we execute the program.
2011 Expense Control Measures
In the fourth quarter of 2011, in connection with expense control measures designed to calibrate our expenses to our outlook for our capital markets-facing businesses in 2012, we took two actions. First, we withdrew from our fixed-income trading initiative, in which we traded in fixed-income securities and derivatives as principal with our custody clients and other third-parties that trade in these securities and derivatives. Second, we undertook other targeted staff reductions. As a result of these actions, we recorded aggregate pre-tax restructuring charges and credits of $119 million in our consolidated statement of income, as presented in the following table by type of cost:
(In millions)
Employee-Related
Costs
 Fixed-Income Trading Portfolio Asset and Other Write-Offs Total
2011$62
 $38
 $20
 $120
20123
 (9) 5
 (1)
Total$65
 $29
 $25
 $119
Employee-related costs included severance, benefits and outplacement services. We identified 442 employees to be involuntarily terminated as their roles were eliminated. As of September 30, 2013, we had substantially completed these reductions.
Costs for the fixed-income trading portfolio resulted primarily from fair-value adjustments to the initiative's trading portfolio related to our decision to withdraw from the initiative. In connection with our withdrawal, in 2012, we wound down that initiative's remaining trading portfolio. Costs for asset and other write-offs were related to asset write-downs and contract terminations.savings.
2012 Expense Control Measures
In the fourth quarter of 2012, in connection with expense control measures designed to better align
our expenses to our business strategy and related outlook for 2013, we identified additional targeted staff reductions. As a result of these actions, we have recorded aggregate pre-tax restructuring charges of $136139 million in our consolidated statement of income, as presented in the following table by type of cost:

(In millions)
Employee-Related
Costs
 Asset and Other Write-Offs Total
Employee-Related
Costs
 Asset and Other Write-Offs Total
2012$129
 $4
 $133
$129
 $4
 $133
First nine months of 2013(1)
(2) 5
 3
2013(4) 7
 3
First quarter of 2014
 3
 3
Total$127
 $9
 $136
$125
 $14
 $139
(1) Total charges included $1 million in the third quarter of 2013.
Employee-related costs included severance, benefits and outplacement services. Costs for asset and other write-offs were primarily related to contract terminations. We originally identified involuntary terminations and role eliminations of 960 employees (630 positions after replacements).  As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, 720 positions had been eliminated through voluntary and involuntary terminations.we substantially completed these reductions. 

22

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Aggregate Restructuring-Related Accrual Activity
The following table presents aggregate activity associated with accruals that resulted from the charges associated with the Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program and the 2011 and 2012 expense control measures:

(In millions)
Employee-
Related
Costs
 
Real Estate
Consolidation
 
Information Technology
Costs
 Fixed-Income Trading Portfolio Asset and Other Write-Offs Total
Employee-
Related
Costs
 
Real Estate
Consolidation
 
Information Technology
Costs
 Fixed-Income Trading Portfolio Asset and Other Write-Offs Total
Initial accrual$105
 $51
 $
 $
 $
 $156
$105
 $51
 $
 $
 $
 $156
Payments(15) (4) 
 
 
 (19)(15) (4) 
 
 
 (19)
Balance as of December 31, 201090
 47
 
 
 
 137
90
 47
 
 
 
 137
Additional accruals for Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program85
 7
 41
 
 
 133
85
 7
 41
 
 
 133
Accruals for 2011 expense control measures62
 
 
 38
 20
 120
62
 
 
 38
 20
 120
Payments and adjustments(75) (15) (8) 
 (5) (103)(75) (15) (8) 
 (5) (103)
Balance as of December 31, 2011162
 39
 33
 38
 15
 287
162
 39
 33
 38
 15
 287
Additional accruals for Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program27
 20
 20
 
 
 67
27
 20
 20
 
 
 67
Additional accruals for 2011 expense control measures3
 
 
 (9) 5
 (1)3
 
 
 (9) 5
 (1)
Accruals for 2012 expense control measures129
 
 
 
 4
 133
129
 
 
 
 4
 133
Payments and adjustments(126) (10) (48) (29) (11) (224)(126) (10) (48) (29) (11) (224)
Balance as of December 31, 2012195
 49
 5
 
 13
 262
195
 49
 5
 
 13
 262
Additional accruals for Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program9
 11
 (1) 
 
 19
13
 13
 (1) 
 
 25
Additional accruals for 2012 expense control measures(2) 
 
 
 5
 3
(4) 
 
 
 7
 3
Payments and adjustments(125) (11) (4) 
 (8) (148)(154) (13) (4) 
 (13) (184)
Balance as of September 30, 2013$77
 $49
 $
 $
 $10
 $136
Balance as of December 31, 201350
 49
 
 
 7
 106
Additional accruals for Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program6
 3
 
 
 
 9
Additional accruals for 2012 expense control measures
 
 
 
 3
 3
Payments and adjustments(17) (12) 
 
 (2) (31)
Balance as of March 31, 2014$39
 $40
 $
 $
 $8
 $87

21

INCOME TAX EXPENSE
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense was $163$92 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20132014 compared to $267$145 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20122013. In the first nine months of 2013 and 2012, income tax expense was $491 million and $588 million, respectively. Our effective tax rate forin the first nine monthsquarter of 20132014 was 23.7%20.3%, compared to 27.0%23.8% for the same period in first nine months of 20122013, with the decline mainly the result of the tax effect of the net credit related to recoveriesprimarily associated with the 2008 Lehman Brothers bankruptcy, which was reflectedour expansion of our tax-exempt investment securities portfolio and an increase in results of operations as additional income tax expense in the third quarter of 2012.tax-advantaged investments, primarily renewable energy.
LINE OF BUSINESS INFORMATION
We have two lines of business: Investment Servicing and Investment Management. Given our services and management organization, the results of operations for these lines of business are not necessarily comparable with those of other companies, including companies in the financial services industry. Information about our two lines of business, as well as the revenues, expenses and capital allocation methodologies associated with
them, is provided in note 2425 to the consolidated financial statements included in our 20122013 Form 10-K.
The following tables providetable provides a summary of our line of businessline-of-business results for the periods indicated. The “Other” column for the first quarter of third quarter and first nine months of20132014 included net$72 million of severance costs associated with staff reductions; $33 million of acquisition and restructuring costscosts; and $6 million of $30 million and $74 million, respectively, and certainnet provisions for litigation exposure and other costscosts. The “Other” column for the first quarter of $5 million and $20 million, respectively. The third quarter and first nine months of20122013 included the $362$14 million credit related to recoveries associated with the 2008 Lehman Brothers bankruptcy, as well as certain provisions for litigation exposure and other costs of$85 million and $107 million, respectively, and net acquisition and restructuring costs of $28 million and $86 million, respectively. In addition, the first nine months of2012 included the net realized loss from the sale of all of our Greek investment securities.costs. The amounts in the

23

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

“Other” “Other” columns were not allocated to State Street's business lines. Results for 20122013 reflect reclassifications, for comparative purposes, related to management changes in methodologymethodologies associated with funds transfer pricingallocations of revenue and expense allocationexpenses reflected in line-of-business results for 20132014.


Quarters Ended September 30,Quarters Ended March 31,
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Other Total
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Other Total
(Dollars in millions, except where otherwise noted)2013 2012 % Change Q3 2013 vs. Q3 2012 2013 2012 % Change Q3 2013 vs. Q3 2012 2013 2012 2013 20122014 2013 % Change Q1 2014 vs. Q1 2013 2014 2013 % Change Q1 2014 vs. Q1 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013
Fee revenue:                                      
Servicing fees$1,211
 $1,100
 10 % $
 $
 

 $
 $
 $1,211
 $1,100
$1,238
 $1,175
 5 % $
 $
 

 $
 $
 $1,238
 $1,175
Management fees
 
 

 276
 251
 10 % 
 
 276
 251

 
 

 292
 263
 11 % 
 
 292
 263
Trading services242
 208
 16
 14
 24
 (42) 
 
 256
 232
227
 257
 (12) 12
 24
 (50) 
 
 239
 281
Securities finance69
 81
 (15) 5
 10
 (50) 
 
 74
 91
85
 78
 9
 
 
 

 
 
 85
 78
Processing fees and other60
 38
 58
 6
 7
 (14) 
 
 66
 45
69
 55
 25
 1
 5
 

 
 
 70
 60
Total fee revenue1,582
 1,427
 11
 301
 292
 3
 
 
 1,883
 1,719
1,619
 1,565
 3
 305
 292
 4
 
 
 1,924
 1,857
Net interest revenue527
 600
 (12) 19
 19
 
 
 
 546
 619
538
 557
 (3) 17
 19
 (11) 
 
 555
 576
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net(4) 18
 

 
 
 

 
 
 (4) 18
6
 2
 

 
 
 

 
 
 6
 2
Total revenue2,105
 2,045
 3
 320
 311
 3
 
 
 2,425
 2,356
2,163
 2,124
 2
 322
 311
 4
 
 
 2,485
 2,435
Provision for loan losses2
 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 2
 
Total expenses1,496
 1,459
 3
 191
 205
 (7) 35
 (249) 1,722
 1,415
1,673
 1,590
 5
 244
 222
 10
 111
 14
 2,028
 1,826
Income before income tax expense$609
 $586
 4
 $129
 $106
 22
 $(35) $249
 $703
 $941
$488
 $534
 (9) $78
 $89
 (12) $(111) $(14) $455
 $609
Pre-tax margin29% 29%   40% 34%       29% 40%23% 25%   24% 29%       18% 25%
Average assets (in billions)$197.7
 $192.1
   $3.6
 $3.7
       $201.3
 $195.8
$212.2
 $204.4
   $3.4
 $3.9
       $215.6
 $208.3
Investment Servicing
Total revenue and total fee revenue in the first quarter of 2014 for our Investment Servicing line of business, as presented in the preceding table, increased 2% and 3%, respectively, compared to the first quarter of 2013. The 3% increase in total fee revenue mainly resulted from increases in servicing fees, securities finance revenue, and processing fees and other revenue, partly offset by a decline in trading services revenue.
Servicing fees in the first quarter of 2014 increased 5% compared to the first quarter of 2013,


primarily the result of stronger global equity markets and the revenue impact of net new business installed.
Trading services revenue in the first quarter of 2014 declined 12% compared to the first quarter of 2013, mainly due to lower currency volatility and spreads, partly offset by increases in client volumes, in foreign exchange trading, and lower client volumes in electronic trading.
Securities finance revenue in the first quarter of 2014 increased 9% compared to the first quarter of 2013, primarily the result of higher revenue in our growing enhanced custody business. Processing fees and other revenue in the first quarter of 2014


2422

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Other Total
(Dollars in millions, except where otherwise noted)2013 2012 % Change 9 mos. 2013 vs. 9 mos. 2012 2013 2012 % Change 9 mos. 2013 vs. 9 mos. 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012
Fee revenue:                   
Servicing fees$3,587
 $3,264
 10 % $
 $
 

 $
 $
 $3,587
 $3,264
Management fees
 
 

 816
 733
 11 % 
 
 816
 733
Trading services778
 695
 12
 55
 72
 (24) 
 
 833
 767
Securities finance255
 296
 (14) 28
 35
 (20) 
 
 283
 331
Processing fees and other181
 183
 (1) 11
 4
 175
 
 
 192
 187
Total fee revenue4,801
 4,438
 8
 910
 844
 8
 
 
 5,711
 5,282
Net interest revenue1,655
 1,858
 (11) 63
 58
 9
 
 
 1,718
 1,916
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net(9) 48
 

 
 
 

 
 (46) (9) 2
Total revenue6,447
 6,344
 2
 973
 902
 8
 
 (46) 7,420
 7,200
Provision for loan losses
 (1) 

 
 
 

 
 
 
 (1)
Total expenses4,628
 4,537
 2
 624
 654
 (5) 94
 (169) 5,346
 5,022
Income before income tax expense$1,819
 $1,808
 1
 $349
 $248
 41
 $(94) $123
 $2,074
 $2,179
Pre-tax margin28% 28%   36% 27%       28% 30%
Average assets (in billions)$201.9
 $187.2
   $3.8
 $3.8
       $205.7
 $191.0

Investment Servicing
Total revenue in the third quarter and first nine months of 2013 for our Investment Servicing line of business, as presented in the preceding tables, increased3% 25% compared to the thirdfirst quarter of2012 and increased2% in the nine-month comparison. Total fee revenue increased11% and 8%2013, respectively, in the same comparisons. The increase in total fee revenue in the quarterly comparison generally resulted from increases in servicing fees, trading services revenue and processing fees and other revenue, partly offset by a decline in securities finance revenue. The increase in the nine-month comparison mainly resulted from increases in servicing fees and trading services revenue, partly offset by a decline in securities finance revenue.
Servicing fees in both the third quarter and first nine months of 2013increased10% compared to the same periods in 2012. The increase primarily resulted from stronger global equity markets, the addition of revenue from the October 2012 GSAS acquisition and the impact of net new business installed on current-period revenue.
Trading services revenue in the third quarter and first nine months of 2013increased16% and 12%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012, mainly due to higher foreign exchange trading revenue associated with higher client volumes and higher currency volatility, as well as higher spreads.
Processing fees and other revenue in the third quarter of 2013increased58% compared to the third quarter of 2012, with the increase mainly due to higher fee revenue associated with our investment in bank-owned life insurance. The nine-month comparison showed a slight decline, as the fee revenue from bank-owned life insurance was offset by the impact of positive fair-value adjustments recorded in 2012 related to our withdrawal from our fixed-income trading initiative and hedge ineffectiveness recorded in 2013.
Securities finance revenue in both the third quarter and first nine months of 2013 decreased compared to the same periods in 2012, primarily as a result of lower spreads and slightly lower lending volumes.
Servicing fees, securities finance revenue, and net gains (losses) related to investment securities, net, for our Investment Servicing business line are identical to the respective consolidated results. Refer to “Servicing Fees,” “Securities Finance Revenue,” and “Gains (Losses) Related to Investment Securities, Net” under “Total Revenue” in this Management'sManagement’s Discussion and Analysis for a more in-depth discussion. A discussionDiscussions of trading services revenue, securities finance revenue and processing fees and other revenue isare provided underin “Trading Services,” “Securities Finance”Services” and “Processing Fees and Other” inunder “Total Revenue.”

25

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Net interest revenue in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 20132014 decreased12% and 11%, respectively, 3% compared to the same periods infirst quarter of 20122013. The decrease was primarily driven bydue to the impact of lower yields on earninginterest-earning assets, related toas lower global interest rates partly offset by lower funding costs.affected revenue from floating-rate assets, net of the benefit of these rates on interest expense. The decrease also reflected the continued impact of the reinvestment of paydownspay-downs on existing investment securities in lower-yielding investment securities. A discussion of net interest revenue is provided under "Net“Net Interest Revenue"Revenue” in "Total“Total Revenue."
Total expenses in the first quarter of third quarter and first nine months of 2013increased3%2014 andincreased 2%5%, respectively, compared to the same periods infirst quarter of 20122013. Both comparisons reflected declines in compensationCompensation and employee benefits expenses increased, primarily driven by savingsdue to higher incentive compensation, and higher costs associated with the executioninstallation of new business and additional regulatory and compliance requirements. The increase was partly offset by savings generated from the continued implementation of our Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program and lower benefit costs, partly offset by an increase in costs to support new business and higher incentive compensation.program.
Information systems and communications expenses also increased, in both comparisons, primarily the result ofdue to the planned transition of certain functions to third-party service providers, as well as higher maintenance costs associated with components of ourthe new technology infrastructure and application maintenance and supportimplemented as part of the Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program, as well as costs to support new business.
program. Transaction processing services expenses increased in the same comparisons,comparison, primarily reflective of higher equity market values and higher transaction volumes in the asset servicing business.
Other expenses increased, in both comparisons, mainlyprimarily the result of the addition of amortization of other intangible assetshigher professional services costs associated with the GSAS acquisition and higher regulator fees and assessments, including the new Federal Reserve supervisory assessment fee.regulatory compliance. A more detailed discussion of expenses is provided under "Expenses"“Expenses” in "Consolidated“Consolidated Results of Operations."
Investment Management
Total revenue and total fee revenue in the first quarter of third quarter and first nine months of 20132014 for our Investment Management line of business, as presented in the preceding tables, table, both increased3% 4% compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2012 and 2013increased8%. The increase in the nine-month comparison. Totaltotal fee revenue increased3% and 8%, respectively, in the same comparisons,was generally reflective of an increase in management fees.fees, partly offset by a decline in trading services revenue.
Management fees in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 20132014 increased10% and 11%, respectively, compared to the first quarter of 2013, primarily due to stronger global equity markets. Trading services revenue declined 50% in the same periods in 2012. The increase primarily resulted from stronger equity market valuations andcomparison, mainly due to the impact of lower distribution fees associated with the SPDR® Gold ETF, which resulted from lower average gold prices and net new business installed on current-period revenue. outflows from the SPDR® Gold ETF.
Management fees for the Investment Management business line are identical to the respective consolidated results. Refer to “Management Fees” in “Total Revenue” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis for a more in-depth discussion.
Trading A discussion of trading services revenue decreasedis provided under “Trading Services” in the third quarter and first nine months of 2013 compared to the same periods in 2012, reflecting the impact of lower distribution fees associated with the SPDR® Gold ETF, which resulted from decreases in gold prices and net outflows of ETF assets.“Total Revenue.”
Total expenses in the first quarter of third quarter and first nine months of 2013decreased7%2014 andincreased 5%10%, respectively, compared to the same periods infirst quarter of 20122013, mainly reflective of third-quarter 2013 credits associated with Lehman Brothers-related assets, partly offset by higher professional services fees.incentive compensation, higher sales promotion expenses, and an increase in technology-related contractors.


23

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

FINANCIAL CONDITION
The structure of our consolidated statement of condition is primarily driven by the liabilities generated by our Investment Servicing and Investment Management lines of business. Our clients' needs and our operating objectives determine balance sheet volume, mix, and currency denomination. As our clients execute their worldwide cash management and investment activities, they utilize short-term investments and deposits that constitute the majority of our liabilities. These liabilities are generally in the form of non-interest-bearing demand deposits; interest-bearing transaction account deposits, which are denominated in a variety of currencies; and repurchase agreements, which generally serve as short-term investment alternatives for our clients.
Deposits and other liabilities generated by client activities are invested in assets that generally match the liquidity and interest-rate characteristics of the liabilities, although the weighted-average maturities of our assets are significantly longer than the contractual maturities of our liabilities. Our assets consist primarily of securities held in our available-for-sale or held-to-maturity portfolios and short-duration financial instruments, such as interest-bearing deposits and securities purchased under resale agreements. The actual mix of assets is determined by the characteristics of the client liabilities and our desire to maintain a well-diversified portfolio of high-quality assets.
The following table presents the components of our average total interest-earning and noninterest-earning assets, average total interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing liabilities, and average preferred and common shareholders' equity for the nine monthsquarters ended September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and 2012.2013. Additional


information about our average statement of condition, primarily our

26

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, is included under “Consolidated Results of Operations - Total Revenue - Net Interest Revenue” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.



Quarters Ended March 31,2014 2013
(In millions)Average Balance Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 Average Balance Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012Average Balance Average Balance
Assets:      
Interest-bearing deposits with banks$28,014
 $25,776
$33,410
 $30,586
Securities purchased under resale agreements5,799
 7,735
6,631
 5,649
Trading account assets723
 659
901
 728
Investment securities117,877
 112,109
117,835
 119,601
Loans and leases13,537
 11,232
14,602
 12,737
Other interest-earning assets10,666
 7,253
13,527
 9,023
Total interest-earning assets176,616
 164,764
Average total interest-earning assets186,906
 178,324
Cash and due from banks3,739
 3,798
4,618
 3,984
Other noninterest-earning assets25,366
 22,482
24,045
 25,957
Total assets$205,721
 $191,044
Average total assets$215,569
 $208,265
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity:      
Interest-bearing deposits:      
U.S.$9,006
 $7,192
$12,072
 $13,398
Non-U.S.100,365
 88,250
101,282
 99,720
Total interest-bearing deposits109,371
 95,442
113,354
 113,118
Securities sold under repurchase agreements8,358
 7,828
8,424
 7,839
Federal funds purchased303
 835
20
 363
Other short-term borrowings3,894
 4,723
3,909
 4,640
Long-term debt8,146
 7,160
9,668
 7,400
Other interest-bearing liabilities6,517
 6,023
6,758
 6,496
Total interest-bearing liabilities136,589
 122,011
Average total interest-bearing liabilities142,133
 139,856
Noninterest-bearing deposits34,838
 36,401
40,711
 34,061
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities13,723
 12,632
12,034
 13,509
Preferred shareholders’ equity489
 524
722
 489
Common shareholders’ equity20,082
 19,476
19,969
 20,350
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$205,721
 $191,044
Average total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$215,569
 $208,265

2724

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Investment Securities
The following table presentstables present the carrying values of investment securities by type as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012
Available for sale:   
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:   
Direct obligations$738
 $841
Mortgage-backed securities24,575
 32,212
Asset-backed securities:   
Student loans(1) 
14,871
 16,421
Credit cards8,626
 9,986
Sub-prime1,266
 1,399
Other4,901
 4,677
Total asset-backed securities29,664
 32,483
Non-U.S. debt securities:   
Mortgage-backed securities11,001
 11,405
Asset-backed securities5,467
 6,218
Government securities3,541
 3,199
Other4,600
 4,306
Total non-U.S. debt securities24,609
 25,128
State and political subdivisions9,298
 7,551
Collateralized mortgage obligations5,158
 4,954
Other U.S. debt securities5,045
 5,298
U.S. equity securities39
 31
Non-U.S. equity securities2
 1
U.S. money-market mutual funds680
 1,062
Non-U.S. money-market mutual funds174
 121
Total$99,982
 $109,682
Held to Maturity:   
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:   
Direct obligations$5,003
 $5,000
Mortgage-backed securities100
 153
Asset-backed securities:   
Student loans(1) 
1,502
 
Credit cards531
 
Other818
 16
Total asset-backed securities2,851
 16
Non-U.S. debt securities:   
Mortgage-backed securities4,109
 3,122
Asset-backed securities1,486
 434
Government securities16
 3
Other190
 167
Total non-U.S. debt securities5,801
 3,726
State and political subdivisions61
 74
Collateralized mortgage obligations2,882
 2,410
Total$16,698
 $11,379
(In millions)March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Available for sale:   
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:   
Direct obligations$1,963
 $709
Mortgage-backed securities23,092
 23,563
Asset-backed securities:   
Student loans(1) 
14,280
 14,542
Credit cards7,237
 8,210
Sub-prime1,155
 1,203
Other4,880
 5,064
Total asset-backed securities27,552
 29,019
Non-U.S. debt securities:   
Mortgage-backed securities11,196
 11,029
Asset-backed securities4,994
 5,390
Government securities3,692
 3,761
Other4,984
 4,727
Total non-U.S. debt securities24,866
 24,907
State and political subdivisions10,444
 10,263
Collateralized mortgage obligations5,262
 5,269
Other U.S. debt securities4,946
 4,980
U.S. equity securities36
 34
Non-U.S. equity securities1
 1
U.S. money-market mutual funds993
 422
Non-U.S. money-market mutual funds7
 7
Total$99,162
 $99,174



(In millions)March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Held to Maturity:   
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:   
Direct obligations$5,096
 $5,041
Mortgage-backed securities81
 91
Asset-backed securities:   
Student loans(1) 
1,889
 1,627
Credit cards897
 762
Other738
 782
Total asset-backed securities3,524
 3,171
Non-U.S. debt securities:   
Mortgage-backed securities4,323
 4,211
Asset-backed securities2,399
 2,202
Government securities2
 2
Other192
 192
Total non-U.S. debt securities6,916
 6,607
State and political subdivisions16
 24
Collateralized mortgage obligations2,709
 2,806
Total$18,342
 $17,740
  
(1) Substantially composed of securities guaranteed by the federal government with respect to at least 97% of defaulted principal and accrued interest on the underlying loans.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Additional information about our investment securities portfolio is provided in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
We manage our investment securities portfolio to align with the interest-rate and duration characteristics of our client liabilities and in the context of the overall structure of our consolidated statement of condition, and in consideration of the global interest-rate environment. We consider a well-diversified, high-credit quality investment securities portfolio to be an important element in the management of our consolidated statement of condition.
Our portfolio is concentrated in securities with high credit quality, with approximately 88%89% of the carrying value of the portfolio rated “AAA” or “AA” as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014.








25

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

The following table presents the percentages of the carrying value of the portfolio, by external credit rating, as of the dates indicated:
 September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012
AAA(1)
69% 69%
AA19
 19
A7
 7
BBB3
 3
Below BBB2
 2
 100% 100%
 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
AAA(1)
70% 70%
AA19
 19
A6
 6
BBB3
 3
Below BBB2
 2
 100% 100%
  
(1) Includes U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities that are split-rated, “AAA” by Moody’s Investors Service and “AA+” by Standard & Poor’s.
As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, the investment portfolio of approximately 10,68010,040 securities was diversified with respect to asset class. ApproximatelyAs of 75%March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, approximately 72% and 74%, respectively, of the aggregate carrying value of the portfolio as of that date was composed of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. The asset-backed portfolio, of which approximately 97% of the carrying value as of both dates was floating-rate, consisted primarily of student loan-backed and credit card-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities were composed of securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, as well as U.S. and non-U.S. large-issuer collateralized mortgage obligations.
Our investment securities portfolio represented approximately 54%In December 2013, U.S. regulators issued final regulations to implement the so-called “Volcker rule,” one of our consolidated total assets as of both September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, and the gross interest revenue generated by our investment securities portfolio represented approximately 22% of our consolidated total gross revenue for eachmany provisions of the third quarterDodd-Frank Act. The Volcker rule will, among other things, require banking organizations covered by the rule to either restructure or divest certain investments in and first nine months of2013, compared to approximately 25% and 26% of our consolidated total gross revenue for the third quarter and first nine months of2012, respectively.
Our investment securities portfolio represents a greater proportion of our consolidated statement of conditionrelationships with “covered funds,” as described above, and our loan-and-lease portfolio represents a smaller proportion (approximately 7% and 6% of our consolidated total assets as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively), in comparison to many other major banking organizations. In some respects, the accounting and regulatory treatment of our investment securities portfolio may be less favorable to us than a more traditional held-for-investment lending portfolio or a portfolio of U.S. Treasury securities. For example, under the July 2013 Basel III final rule, after-tax changesdefined in the fair valuefinal Volcker rule regulations. The classification of certain types of investment securities classifiedor structures, such as available for salecollateralized loan obligations, or CLOs, as “covered funds” remains subject to market, and ultimately regulatory, interpretation, based on the specific terms and other characteristics relevant to such investment securities and structures.
As of March 31, 2014, we held an aggregate of approximately $5.45 billion of investments in CLOs. As of the same date, these investments had an aggregate pre-tax net unrealized gain of approximately $120 million, composed of gross unrealized gains of $137 million and gross unrealized losses of $17 million. In the event that we or our banking regulators conclude that such investments in CLOs, or other investments, are “covered funds,” we will be includedrequired to divest such investments if we are
unable to “cure” those investments before the conformance period ends on July 21, 2017. If other banking entities reach similar conclusions with respect to similar investments held by them, the prices of such investments could decline significantly, and we may be required to divest such investments at a significant discount compared to the investments' book value. This could result in a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations in the determination of tier 1 capital. Since loans held for investment are not subject toperiod in which such a fair-value accounting framework, changes in the fair value of loans (other than incurred credit losses) are not similarly included in the determination of tier 1 capital under the Basel III final rule.divestment occurs or on our consolidated financial condition.
Non-U.S. Debt Securities
Approximately 26%27% of the aggregate carrying value of our investment securities portfolio as of both September 30,March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 was composed of non-U.S. debt securities.
The following table presents our non-U.S. debt securities available for sale and held to maturity, included in the preceding table of investment securities carrying values, by significant country of issuer or location of collateral, as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Available for Sale:   
United Kingdom$9,238
 $9,357
Australia3,694
 3,551
Netherlands3,528
 3,471
Canada2,352
 2,549
France1,516
 1,581
Germany1,384
 1,410
Japan991
 971
South Korea837
 744
Finland378
 397
Norway368
 369
Sweden143
 142
Italy142
 
Austria83
 83
Other212
 282
Total$24,866
 $24,907
Held to Maturity:   
Australia$2,295
 $2,216
Germany1,536
 1,263
United Kingdom1,414
 1,474
Netherlands970
 934
Italy266
 270
Spain204
 206
Ireland84
 86
Other147
 158
Total$6,916
 $6,607
Approximately 90% and 89% of the aggregate carrying value of these non-U.S. debt securities was rated “AAA” or “AA” as of March 31, 2014 and


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

(In millions)September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012
Available for Sale:   
United Kingdom$10,264
 $10,263
Australia3,609
 4,035
Netherlands3,338
 3,006
Canada2,121
 2,274
France1,560
 1,364
Japan1,037
 1,173
Germany995
 1,836
Korea575
 257
Norway371
 210
Finland265
 259
Mexico133
 70
Sweden74
 72
Other267
 309
Total$24,609
 $25,128
Held to Maturity:   
Australia$2,260
 $2,189
United Kingdom1,231
 920
Netherlands901
 
Germany575
 
Italy269
 276
Spain205
 209
Luxembourg102
 
Other258
 132
Total$5,801
 $3,726
Approximately 88% and 87% of the aggregate carrying value of these non-U.S. debt securities was rated “AAA” or “AA” as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 20122013, respectively. The majority of these securities comprise senior positions within the security structures; these positions have a level of protection provided through subordination and other forms of credit protection. ApproximatelyAs of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, approximately 74% and 72%, respectively, of the aggregate carrying value of these non-U.S. debt securities was floating-rate, and accordingly, the securities are considered to have minimal interest-rate risk. As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, these non-U.S. debt securities had an average market-to-book ratio of 101.3%101.4%, and an aggregate pre-tax net unrealized gain of approximately $378$457 million,, composed of gross unrealized gains of $476$504 million and gross unrealized losses of $98 million.$47 million. These unrealized amounts included a pre-tax net unrealized gain of $298$295 million, composed of gross unrealized gains of $328$313 million and gross unrealized losses of $30$18 million, associated with non-U.S. debt securities available for sale.
As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, the underlying collateral for these mortgage- and asset-backed securities primarily included U.K. prime mortgages, Australian and Dutch mortgages and German automobile loans. The securities listed under “Canada” were mainly composed of Canadian government securities.securities and corporate debt. The securities listed under “France” were mainly composed of automobile loans and corporate debt and asset-backed securities.debt. The securities listed under “Japan” were substantially composed of Japanese government securities. The securities listed under “South Korea” were composed of South Korean government securities. The “other” category of available-for-sale securities as of March 31, 2014included approximately $6573 million and $105 million of securities as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, related to Portugal and Ireland, and as of December 31, 2013 included approximately $133 million related to Portugal, Ireland and Spain, all of which were mortgage-backed securities. The “other” category of held-to-maturity securities as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 included approximately $13043 million and $44 million, respectively, of securities as of both September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 related to Portugal, and Ireland, all of which were mortgage-backed securities.
Our aggregate exposure to Spain, Italy, Ireland and Portugal as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 did not include any direct sovereign debt exposure to any of these countries. Our indirect exposure to these countries as of March 31, 2014totaled approximately $732812 million, including approximately $570647 million of mortgage- and asset-backed securities, withcomposed of $204 million in Spain, $243 million in Italy, $120 million in Ireland and $80 million in Portugal. These mortgage- and asset-backed securities had an aggregate pre-tax net unrealized gain of approximately $3991 million as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, composed of gross unrealized gains of $6396 million and gross unrealized losses of $245 million. We
recorded no other-than-temporary impairment on any of these securities in the third quarter of 2013. We recorded other-than-temporary impairment of $6 million on certain of thesemortgage- and asset-backed securities in our consolidated statement of income in either the first nine months of 2013, all in the second quarter of 2013, associated with management's intent to sell an

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

impaired security prior to its recovery in value. We recorded no other-than-temporary impairment on any of these securities in the third quarter of 2012. We recorded other-than-temporary impairment of $6 million on certain of these securities in our consolidated statement of income in the first nine months of 2012, all in the second quarter of 2012, associated with expected credit losses.
Eurozone crisis tensions appeared to ease in the third quarter of 2013, following renewed volatility at the end of the first quarter of 20132014 or the first quarter. of 2013.Economic performance remains weak in Spain, Italy, Ireland and Portugal. 
Throughout the sovereign debt crisis, the major independent credit rating agencies have downgraded, and may in the future do so again, U.S. and non-U.S. financial institutions and sovereign issuers which have been, and may in the future be, significant counterparties to us, or whose financial instruments serve as collateral on which we rely for credit risk mitigation purposes. As a result, we may be exposed to increased counterparty risk, leading to negative ratings volatility.
Country risks with respect to Spain, Italy, Ireland and Portugal are identified, assessed and monitored by our Country Risk Committee. Country limits are defined in our credit and counterparty risk guidelines, in accordanceconformity with our credit and counterparty risk policy. These limits are monitored on a daily basis by Enterprise Risk Management, or ERM.ERM, a corporate risk oversight group (refer to “Risk Management” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis for a description of ERM). These country exposures are subject to ongoing surveillance and stress test analysis, conducted by theour investment portfolio management team. The stress tests performed reflect the structure and nature of the exposure, its past and projected future performance based on macroeconomic and environmental analysis, with key underlying assumptions varied under a range of scenarios, reflecting downward pressure on collateral performance. The results of the stress tests are presented to senior management and ERM as part of the surveillance process.
In addition, ERM separately conducts separatecash-flow-based stress-test analyses and evaluates the structured asset exposures in these countries for the assessment of other-than-temporary impairment. The assumptions used in these evaluations reflect the structure and expected downward pressure on collateral performance. Stress scenarios are subject to regular review, and are updated to reflect changes in the economic environment, measures taken in response to the sovereign debt crisis and collateral performance, with particular attention to these specific country exposures.performance.
 Municipal Securities
We carried an aggregate of approximately $9.36$10.46 billion and $7.63 billion of municipal securities, classified as state and political subdivisions in the preceding table of investment securities carrying values, in our investment securities portfolio as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012, respectively.. Substantially all of these securities were classified as available for sale, with the remainder classified as held to maturity. We also provided approximately $8.12 billion and $8.49 billion of credit and liquidity facilities to municipal issuers as a form of credit enhancement asAs of the same dates. The following tables present our combined credit exposure to state and municipal obligors that represented 5% or more of our aggregate municipal credit exposure of approximately $17.48 billion and $16.12 billion as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, across our businesses as of the dates indicated, grouped by state to display geographic dispersion:date, we also

September 30, 2013
Total Municipal
Securities
 
Credit and
Liquidity Facilities
 Total 
% of Total Municipal
Exposure
(Dollars in millions)       
State of Issuer:       
Texas$1,250
 $1,688
 $2,938
 17%
New York835
 965
 1,800
 10
Massachusetts964
 762
 1,726
 10
California253
 1,228
 1,481
 8
Maryland188
 650
 838
 5
Total$3,490
 $5,293
 $8,783
  


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

provided approximately $7.82 billion of credit and liquidity facilities to municipal issuers as a form of credit enhancement.
The following tables present our combined credit exposure to state and municipal obligors that
December 31, 2012
Total Municipal
Securities
 
Credit and
Liquidity Facilities
 Total  
% of Total Municipal Exposure  
(Dollars in millions)       
State of Issuer:       
Texas$1,091
 $1,957
 $3,048
 19%
New York486
 973
 1,459
 9
Massachusetts869
 508
 1,377
 9
California190
 1,158
 1,348
 8
New Jersey867
 
 867
 5
Florida148
 680
 828
 5
Total$3,651
 $5,276
 $8,927
  
represented 5% or more of our aggregate municipal credit exposure of approximately $18.28 billion as of March 31, 2014 and $18.45 billion as of December 31, 2013 across our businesses, grouped by state to display geographic dispersion:

March 31, 2014
Total Municipal
Securities
 
Credit and
Liquidity Facilities
 Total 
% of Total Municipal
Exposure
(Dollars in millions)       
State of Issuer:       
Texas$1,251
 $1,628
 $2,879
 16%
New York940
 996
 1,936
 11
California394
 1,373
 1,767
 10
Massachusetts980
 756
 1,736
 10
Maryland393
 626
 1,019
 6
Total$3,958
 $5,379
 $9,337
  
December 31, 2013
Total Municipal
Securities
 
Credit and
Liquidity Facilities
 Total  
% of Total Municipal Exposure  
(Dollars in millions)       
State of Issuer:       
Texas$1,233
 $1,628
 $2,861
 16%
New York919
 1,000
 1,919
 10
Massachusetts967
 759
 1,726
 9
California373
 1,266
 1,639
 9
Maryland327
 643
 970
 5
Total$3,819
 $5,296
 $9,115
  
Our aggregate municipal securities exposure as of September 30, 2013 presented in the foregoing table was concentrated primarily with highly-rated counterparties, with approximately 82%87% of the obligors rated “AAA” or “AA” as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014., compared to approximately 84% rated “AAA” or “AA” as of December 31, 2013. As of that date,March 31, 2014, approximately 65%63% and 33%35% of our aggregate exposure was associated with general obligation and revenue bonds, respectively.respectively, compared to 64% and 34%, respectively, as of December 31, 2013. In addition, we had no exposures associated with healthcare, industrial development or land development bonds. The portfolios are also diversified geographically; the states that represent our largest exposure are widely dispersed across the U.S.
Additional information with respect to our assessment of other-than-temporary impairment of our municipal securities is provided in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Impairment
Impairment exists when the fair value of an individual security is below its amortized cost basis. Impairment of an available-for-sale security or a held-to-maturity security is further assessed to determine whether such impairment is other-than-temporary. When the impairment is deemed to be other-than-temporary, we record the loss in our consolidated statement of income. In addition, for debt securities available for sale and held to maturity, we record impairment in our consolidated statement of income when management intends to sell (or may be required to sell) the securities before they recover in value, or when management expects the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the securities to be less than the amortized cost of the impaired security (a credit loss).
The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value, and associated net unrealized gains and losses, of investment securities available for sale and held to maturity as of the dates indicated:


28

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

September 30, 2013(1)
 
December 31, 2012(1)
March 31, 2014(1)
 
December 31, 2013(1)
(In millions)Amortized Cost Net Unrealized Gains(Losses) Fair Value Amortized Cost Net Unrealized Gains(Losses) Fair ValueAmortized Cost Net Unrealized Gains(Losses) Fair Value Amortized Cost Net Unrealized Gains(Losses) Fair Value
Available for sale(2)
$99,747
 $235
 $99,982
 $108,563
 $1,119
 $109,682
$98,770
 $392
 $99,162
 $99,159
 $15
 $99,174
Held to maturity(2)
16,698
 (155) 16,543
 11,379
 282
 11,661
18,342
 (16) 18,326
 17,740
 (180) 17,560
Total investment securities116,445
 80
 116,525
 119,942
 1,401
 121,343
117,112
 376
 117,488
 116,899
 (165) 116,734
Net after-tax unrealized gain  $45
     $885
  
Net after-tax unrealized gain (loss)  $226
     $(96)  
    
(1) Amounts as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 excluded the remaining net unrealized losses primarily related to reclassifications of securities available for sale to securities held to maturity in 2008, recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, or AOCI, within shareholders' equity in our consolidated statement of condition. Refer toAdditional information is provided in note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
(2) Securities available for sale are carried at fair value, with after-tax net unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income.AOCI. Securities held to maturity are carried at cost, and unrealized gains and losses are not recorded in our consolidated financial statements.

The declines in theaggregate improvement to a net unrealized gainsgain as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 compared tofrom a net unrealized loss as of December 31, 20122013 presented above werewas primarily attributable to changesnarrowing spreads in interest rates in 2013.the first quarter of 2014.
We conduct periodic reviews of individual securities to assess whether other-than-temporary impairment exists. Our assessment of other-than-temporary impairment involves an evaluation more fully described in note 3 to the consolidated

32

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

financial statements included in this Form 10-Q, of economic and security-specific factors. Such factors are based on estimates, derived by management, which contemplate current market conditions and security-specific performance. To the extent that market conditions are worse than management's expectations, other-than-temporary impairment could increase, in particular the credit-related component that would be recorded in our consolidated statement of income.
In the aggregate, we recorded net losses from other-than-temporary impairment of $10 million and $209 million in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2013, respectively,2014, compared to $6 million and $273 million in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2012, respectively.2013. Additional information with respect to this other-than-temporary impairment and net impairment losses, as well as information about our assessment of impairment, is provided in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Given the exposure of our investment securities portfolio, particularly mortgage- and asset-backed securities, to residential mortgage and other consumer credit risks, the performance of the U.S. housing market continues to beis a factor in the portfolio's credit performance. As such, our assessment of other-than-temporary impairment relies, in part, on our estimates of trends in national housing prices in addition to trends in unemployment rates, interest rates and the timing of defaults. Generally, indices that measure trends in national housing prices are published in
arrears. As of June 30,December 31, 2013, national housing prices, according to the Case-Shiller National Home Price Index, had declined by approximately 23%21% peak-to-current. Overall, our evaluation of other-than-temporary impairment as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 includedcontinued to include an expectation of a U.S. housing recovery characterized by relatively modest growth in national housing prices over the next few years. In connection with our assessment of other-than-temporary impairment with respect to relevant securities in our investment portfolio in future periods, we will consider trends in national housing prices that we observe at those times, including the Case-Shiller National Home Price Index, in addition to trends in unemployment rates, interest rates and the timing of defaults.
The other-than-temporary impairment of our investment securities portfolio continues to be sensitive to our estimates of future cumulative losses. However, given our recent more positive outlook for U.S. national housing prices, our sensitivity analysis indicates, as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, that our investment securities portfolio is currentlyremains less exposed to the overall housing price outlook relative to other factors, including unemployment rates and interest rates, than it was as of December 31, 2012.rates.
The residential mortgage servicing environment remains challenging, and thecontinues to be challenging. The time line to liquidate distressed loans continues to extend.extend, but to a lesser degree as a result of strengthening in the national housing market. The rate at which distressed residential mortgages are liquidated may affect, among other things, our investment securities portfolio. Such effects could include the timing of cash flows or the credit quality associated with the mortgages collateralizing certain of our residential mortgage-backed securities, which, accordingly, could result in the recognition of additional other-than-temporary impairment in future periods.


29

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Our evaluation of potential other-than-temporary impairment of mortgage-backed securities with collateral located in Spain, Italy, Ireland and Portugal takes into account government intervention in the corresponding mortgage markets and assumes a negative baseline macroeconomic environment for this region, due to a combination of slowerslow economic growth and government austerity measures. Our baseline view assumes a recessionary period characterized by high unemployment and by additional declines in housing prices of between 10% and 18%19% across these four countries. Our evaluation of other-than-temporary impairment in our base case does not assume a disorderly sovereign debt restructuring or a break-up of the Eurozone.
In addition, we perform stress testing and sensitivity analysis in order to assess the impact of more severe assumptions on potential other-than-temporary impairment. We estimate, for example, that in more stressful scenarios in which unemployment, gross domestic product and housing prices in these four countries deteriorate more than we expected as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, other-than-temporary impairment could increase by a range of approximately $13$11 million to $39$40 million. This sensitivity estimate is based on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the level of housing prices and the timing of defaults. To the extent that such factors differ significantly from management's current expectations, resulting loss estimates may differ materially from those stated.
Excluding other-than-temporary impairment recorded in the first nine monthsquarter of 2013,2014, management considers the aggregate decline in fair value of the remaining investment securities and the resulting gross unrealized losses as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 to be temporary and not the result of any material changes in the credit characteristics of the securities. Additional information about these netgross unrealized losses and our assessment of impairment is provided in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.

33

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Loans and Leases
The following table presents our U.S. and non-U.S. loans and leases, by segment, as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Institutional:   
U.S.$12,434
 $10,623
Non-U.S.3,446
 2,654
Commercial real estate:   
U.S.234
 209
Total loans and leases16,114
 13,486
Allowance for loan losses(30) (28)
Loans and leases, net of allowance for loan losses$16,084
 $13,458
(In millions)September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012
Institutional:   
U.S.$12,091
 $9,645
Non-U.S.3,321
 2,251
Commercial real estate:   
U.S.166
 411
Total loans and leases15,578
 12,307
Allowance for loan losses(22) (22)
Loans and leases, net of allowance for loan losses$15,556
 $12,285
The increase in loans in the institutional segment presented in the preceding table was mainly related to an increase in mutual fund lending, higher levels of short-duration advances, and our continued investment in the non-investment-grade lending market through participations in loan syndications, specifically senior secured bank loans, that we began in 2013. Aggregate short-duration advances to our clients included in the institutional segment were $4.83 billion and $2.45 billion as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. Senior secured bank loans are more fully described below.
Additional information about theseall of our loan-and-lease segments, includingas well as underlying classes, is provided in note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q, and in note 5 to the consolidated financial statements included in our 20122013 Form 10-K.
During theAs of March 31, 2014 and third quarter ofDecember 31, 2013, we further diversified our loan-and-lease exposure by investinginvestment in the non-investment-grade lending market through participations in loan syndications. These senior secured bank loans which are included in the commercial-and-financial class within the institutional segment presented in the table above, totaled approximately $375$1.15 billion and $724 million, as of September 30, 2013.respectively. In addition, as of the same date, we had binding unfunded commitments as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013totaling an additional $139$120 million and $211 million, respectively, to participate in such syndications. We expect to increase our level of participation in these loan syndications in future periods. We had no investment in senior secured bank loans as of December 31, 2012.
These loans, which we have rated “speculative” under our internal risk-rating framework (refer to note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q), are externally rated “BBB,” “BB” or “B,” with approximately 90%93% of the loans rated “BB” or “B.” These loans present more“B” as of March 31, 2014, compared to 94% as of as of December 31, 2013. In an effort to mitigate the significant exposure to potential credit losses. However,losses presented by these loans relative to higher-rated loans, we seek to mitigate such exposure, in part through the limitation oflimit our investment to larger, more liquid credits underwritten by major global financial institutions, the application ofwe apply our internal credit analysis process to each potential investment, and diversificationwe diversify our exposure by counterparty and industry segment. As of September 30, 2013, we had noMarch 31, 2014, our allowance for


30

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

loan losses with respectincluded approximately $8 million related to these commercial-and-financial loans.
Aggregate short-duration advances to our clients included in the institutional segment were $4.65 billion and $3.30 billion asAs of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012, respectively. As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, unearned income deducted from our investment in leveraged lease financing was $124119 million and $131121 million, respectively, for U.S. leases and $306281 million and $334298 million, respectively, for non-U.S. leases.
As of both September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 20122013, we held an aggregate of approximately $130 million and $197 million, respectively, of commercial real estate loans which were modified in troubled debt restructurings. No impairment loss was recognized upon restructuring of the loans, as the discounted cash flows of the modified loans exceeded the carrying amount of the original loans as of the modification date. No loans were modified in troubled debt restructurings in the first nine monthsquarter of 20132014 or in all of 20122013.
The following table presents activity in the allowance for loan losses for the periods indicated:
Nine Months Ended September 30,Quarters Ended March 31,
(In millions)2013 20122014 2013
Allowance for loan losses:      
Beginning balance$22
 $22
$28
 $22
Provision for loan losses:      
Commercial real estate
 (1)
Recoveries:   
Commercial real estate
 1
Institutional2
 
Ending balance$22
 $22
$30
 $22

34The provision in the first quarter of 2014 was associated with our exposure to the above-described senior secured bank loans. These loans were purchased in connection with our participation in loan syndications in the non-investment-grade lending market beginning in 2013.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Cross-Border Outstandings
Cross-border outstandings are amounts payable to State Streetus by non-U.S. counterparties which are denominated in U.S. dollars or other non-local currency, as well as non-U.S. local currency claims not funded by local currency liabilities. Our cross-border outstandings consist primarily of deposits with banks; loans and lease financing, including short-duration advances; investment securities; amounts related to foreign exchange and interest-rate contracts; and securities finance.  In addition to credit risk, cross-border outstandings have the risk that, as a result of political or economic conditions in a country, borrowers may be unable to meet their contractual repayment obligations of principal and/or interest when due because of the unavailability of, or restrictions on, foreign exchange needed by borrowers to repay their obligations.
Additional information with respect to the nature of our cross-border outstandings is provided under “Financial Condition - Cross-Border Outstandings” in
Management's Discussion and Analysis included in our 20122013 Form 10-K.
The following table presents our cross-border outstandings in countries in which we do business, and which amounted to at least 1% of our consolidated total assets as of the dates indicated. The aggregate of the total cross-border outstandings presented in the table represented approximately 18% and 22%19% of our consolidated total assets as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 20122013, respectively.


(In millions)
Investment Securities and Other Assets 
 Derivatives and Securities on Loan Total Cross-Border Outstandings
Investment Securities and Other Assets 
 Derivatives and Securities on Loan Total Cross-Border Outstandings
September 30, 2013     
United Kingdom$13,353
 $1,488
 $14,841
Australia6,993
 336
 7,329
Netherlands4,372
 545
 4,917
Germany2,968
 164
 3,132
Japan2,951
 161
 3,112
Canada2,257
 445
 2,702
France1,864
 611
 2,475
December 31, 2012 
  
  
March 31, 2014     
United Kingdom$18,046
 $1,033
 $19,079
$13,662
 $1,328
 $14,990
Australia7,585
 328
 7,913
7,210
 209
 7,419
Japan6,625
 1,041
 7,666
6,618
 133
 6,751
Germany7,426
 220
 7,646
4,509
 406
 4,915
Netherlands3,130
 188
 3,318
4,582
 135
 4,717
France2,849
 673
 3,522
Canada2,730
 500
 3,230
2,709
 500
 3,209
December 31, 2013 
  
  
United Kingdom$15,422
 $1,697
 $17,119
Australia7,309
 672
 7,981
Netherlands4,542
 277
 4,819
Canada3,675
 620
 4,295
Germany4,062
 147
 4,209
France2,887
 735
 3,622
Japan2,445
 605
 3,050
There were no aggregate cross-border outstandings in countries which amounted to between 0.75% and 1% of our consolidated total assets as of March 31, 2014. As of September 30,December 31, 2013. Aggregate, aggregate cross-border outstandings in countries which amounted to between 0.75% and 1% of our consolidated total assets as of December 31, 2012totaled approximately $1.81$1.85 billion and $1.70 billion to France and Luxembourg, respectively. in China.
Several European countries, particularly Spain, Italy, Ireland and Portugal, have experienced credit deterioration associated with weaknesses in their economic and fiscal situations. With respect to this ongoing uncertainty, we are closely monitoring our exposure to these countries. We had no direct sovereign debt exposure to these countries in our investment securities portfolio as of September 30, 2013. We had aggregate indirect exposure in the portfolio of approximately $732 million as of September 30, 2013, including $570 million of mortgage- and asset-backed securities, composed of $269 million in Spain, $106 million in Italy, $118 million in Ireland and $77 million in Portugal.


3531

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

The following table presents our cross-border outstandings in each of these countriesItaly, Ireland, Spain and Portugal as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)
Investment
Securities and
Other Assets 
 Derivatives and Securities on Loan Total Cross-Border Outstandings
Investment
Securities and
Other Assets 
 Derivatives and Securities on Loan Total Cross-Border Outstandings
September 30, 2013     
Ireland$391
 $272
 $663
Italy619
 4
 623
Spain269
 26
 295
Portugal77
 
 77
December 31, 2012 
  
  
March 31, 2014     
Italy$937
 $1
 $938
$1,012
 $1
 $1,013
Ireland342
 277
 619
408
 240
 648
Spain277
 16
 293
204
 15
 219
Portugal76
 
 76
80
 
 80
December 31, 2013 
  
  
Italy$763
 $2
 $765
Ireland369
 304
 673
Spain271
 11
 282
Portugal78
 
 78
As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, none of the exposures in these countries was individually greater than 0.75% of our consolidated total assets. The aggregate exposures consisted primarily of interest-bearing deposits, investment securities, loans, including short-duration advances, and foreign exchange contracts. We had not recorded any other-than-temporary impairment associated with expected credit losses, or provisions for loan losses with respect to any of our exposure toin these countries as of September 30,March 31, 2014.
Risk Management
General
In the normal course of our global business activities, we are exposed to a variety of risks, some inherent in the financial services industry, others more specific to our business activities. State Street’s risk management framework focuses on material risks, which include the following:
credit and counterparty risk;
liquidity risk, funding and management;
operational risk, including execution, technology, business practice and fiduciary risks;
market risk, including market risk associated with our trading activities and market risk associated with our non-trading, or asset-and-liability management, activities, the latter of which is primarily composed of interest-rate risk;
model risk; and
business risk, including reputational risk.
These material risks, as well as certain of the factors underlying each of these risks that could affect our businesses, our consolidated results of operations and our consolidated financial condition, are discussed in detail under Item 1A, ���Risk Factors,” included in our 2013 Form 10-K.
The scope of our business requires that we balance these risks with a comprehensive and well-integrated risk management function. The identification, assessment, monitoring, mitigation and reporting of risks are essential to our financial performance and successful management of our businesses. These risks, if not effectively managed, can result in current losses to State Street as well as erosion of our capital and damage to our reputation. Our systematic approach allows for an assessment of risks within a framework for evaluating opportunities for the prudent use of capital that appropriately balances risk and return.
Our objective is to optimize our return and to operate at a prudent level of risk. In support of this objective, we have instituted a risk appetite framework that aligns our business strategy and financial objectives with the level of risk that we are willing to incur.
Our risk management is based on the following major principles:
A culture of risk awareness that extends across all of our business activities;
The identification, classification and quantification of State Street's material risks;
The establishment of our risk appetite and associated limits and policies, and our compliance with these limits;
The establishment of a risk management structure at the “top of the house” that enables the control and coordination of risk-taking across the business lines;
The implementation of stress testing practices and a dynamic risk-assessment capability; and
The overall flexibility to adapt to the ever-changing business and market conditions.
Our Risk Appetite Statement outlines the quantitative limits and qualitative goals that define our risk appetite, as well as the responsibilities for measuring and monitoring risk against limits, and for reporting, escalating, approving and addressing exceptions. The Risk Appetite Statement is established by management with the guidance of Enterprise Risk Management, or ERM, a corporate risk oversight group, in conjunction with our Board of Directors. The Board formally reviews and approves our Risk Appetite Statement annually.
The Risk Appetite Statement describes the level and types of risk that we are willing to accommodate in executing our business strategy, and also serves as a guide in setting risk limits across our business units. In addition to our Risk Appetite Statement, we use stress testing as another important tool in our risk management practice. Additional information with respect to our stress-testing process and practices is


32

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

provided under “Capital” in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis.
The following table provides a reference to the disclosures about our management of significant risks provided herein.
Risk Governance and Structure
We have a disciplined approach to risk management that involves all levels of management, from the Board and the Board’s Risk and Capital Committee, or RCC, and its Examining & Audit, or E&A, Committee, to each business unit and each employee. We allocate responsibility for risk oversight so that risk/return decisions are made at an appropriate level, and are subject to robust and effective review and challenge. Risk management is the responsibility of each employee, and is implemented through three lines of defense: the business units, which own and manage the risks inherent in their business; ERM, which provides separate oversight, monitoring and control; and
Corporate Audit, which assesses the effectiveness of the first two lines of defense.
The responsibilities for effective review and challenge reside with senior managers, oversight committees, Corporate Audit, the Board's RCC and, ultimately, the Board. While we believe that our risk management program is effective in managing the risks in our businesses, internal and external factors may create risks that cannot always be identified or anticipated.
Corporate-level risk committees provide focused oversight, and establish corporate standards and policies for specific risks, including credit, sovereign exposure, new business products, regulatory compliance and ethics, as well as operational, market, liquidity and model risks. These committees have been delegated the responsibility to develop recommendations and remediation strategies to address issues that affect or have the potential to affect State Street.
We maintain a risk governance committee structure which serves as the formal governance mechanism through which we seek to undertake the consistent identification, discussion and management of various risks facing State Street in connection with its business activities. This governance structure is enhanced and integrated through multi-disciplinary involvement, particularly through ERM. The following chart presents this structure.


33

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

RISK GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE STRUCTURE
Board OversightRisk and Capital Committee of the Board of Directors (RCC)Examining & Audit Committee of the Board of Directors (E&A)
Senior Management OversightManagement Risk and Capital Committee (MRAC)
Business Conduct Review Committee
(BCRC)

Technology and Operational Risk Committee (TORC)
Risk Committees
Asset, Liability and Capital Committee (ALCCO)Credit Risk and Policy CommitteeCountry Risk CommitteeTrading and Markets Risk Committee (TMRC)Securities Finance Risk Management Committee
Model Assessment Committee
(MAC)
Basel ICAAP Oversight Committee
(BIOC)
Mandate
Oversight of interest rate risk, liquidity risk and capital adequacy

Oversight of credit and counterparty risk
Oversight of country risk and international exposure

Senior risk committee governing all global markets trading activities
Oversight of Securities Finance and collateral reinvestment activities

Oversight of model deployment
Oversight of Basel II and Basel III program

CCAR Steering Committee(1)
Recovery and Resolution Planning Executive Steering GroupNew Business and Product CommitteeCompliance and Ethics CommitteeFiduciary Review CommitteeOperational
Risk Committee
(ORC)
Technology Risk Governance Committee
MandateOversight of CCAR stress-testing programOversight of process for development of recovery and resolution plansOversight of evaluation of risk inherent in new products and services and new businessOversight of compliance programs including employee ethics standardsOversight of corporate-wide fiduciary riskOversight of corporate-wide operational riskOversight of corporate-wide technology risk
(1) Oversees the submission of capital plans in connection with the Federal Reserve's annual Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review, or CCAR, process.

ERM provides risk oversight, support and coordination to allow for the consistent identification, measurement and management of risks across business units separate from the business units' activities, and is responsible for the formulation and maintenance of enterprise-wide risk management policies and guidelines. In addition, ERM establishes and reviews approved limits and, in collaboration with business unit management, monitors key risks. Ultimately, ERM works to validate that risk-taking falls within our risk appetite approved by the Board and conforms to associated risk policies, limits and guidelines.
The Chief Risk Officer, or CRO, who is responsible for State Street’s risk management globally, leads ERM and has a dual reporting line to State Street’s Chief Executive Officer and the Board’s
RCC. ERM discharges its responsibilities globally through a three-dimensional organization structure:
“Vertical” business unit-aligned risk groups that assist business managers with risk management, measurement and monitoring activities;
“Horizontal” risk groups that monitor the risks that cross all of our business units (for example, credit and operational risk); and
Risk oversight for international activities, which adds important regional and legal entity perspectives to global vertical and horizontal risk management.
Sitting on top of this three-dimensional organization structure is a centralized group responsible for the aggregation of risk exposures across the vertical, horizontal and regional


34

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

dimensions, for consolidated reporting, for setting the enterprise-level risk appetite framework and associated limits and policies, and for dynamic risk assessment across State Street.
The Board's RCC is responsible for oversight related to our assessment and management of risk, including credit, liquidity, operational, fiduciary, market, interest-rate and business risks and related policies. In addition, the RCC provides oversight on strategic capital governance principles and controls, and monitors capital adequacy in relation to risk. The RCC is also responsible for discharging certain duties and obligations of the Board under applicable Basel and other regulatory requirements. The Chief Financial Officer, together with the CRO, attend meetings of the RCC.
The E&A Committee oversees the operation of our system of internal controls covering the integrity of our consolidated financial statements and reports, compliance with laws, regulations and corporate policies, and the qualifications, performance and independence of our independent registered public accounting firm. The E&A Committee acts on behalf of the Board in monitoring and overseeing the performance of Corporate Audit and in reviewing certain communications with banking regulators. The E&A Committee has direct responsibility for the appointment, compensation, retention, evaluation and oversight of the work of our independent registered public accounting firm, including sole authority for the establishment of pre-approval policies and procedures for all audit engagements and any non-audit engagements.
The Management Risk and Capital Committee, or MRAC, is the senior management decision-making body for risk and capital issues, and is responsible for ensuring that our strategy, budget, risk appetite and capital adequacy are properly aligned. The main responsibilities of MRAC are as follows:
The review of our risk appetite framework and top-level risk limits and policies;
The monitoring and assessment of our capital adequacy based on regulatory requirements and internal policies; and
The review of business performance in the context of risk and capital allocation.
The committee is co-chaired by our CRO and Chief Financial Officer. In addition, the MRAC regularly presents a report to the Board’s RCC outlining developments in the risk environment and performance trends in our key business areas.
The Business Conduct Review Committee, or BCRC, provides additional risk governance and leadership, by overseeing State Street's business practices and reinforcing our commitment to the
highest standards of ethical conduct. Management considers adherence to high ethical standards to be critical to the success of our business and to our reputation. The BCRC is co-chaired by our CRO and our Chief Legal Officer.
The Technology and Operational Risk Committee, or TORC, oversees and assesses the effectiveness of corporate-wide technology and operational risk management programs, to manage and control technology and operational risk consistently across the organization. The TORC may meet jointly with the MRAC periodically to review or approve common areas of interest such as risk frameworks and policies. The TORC is co-chaired by our CRO and the Head of Global Operations, Technology and Product Development.
Risk Committees
Our Asset, Liability and Capital Committee, or ALCCO, is a risk committee that oversees the management of our consolidated statement of condition, the management of our global liquidity and our interest-rate risk positions, our regulatory and economic capital, the determination of the framework for capital allocation and strategies for capital structure, and issuances of debt and equity securities. ALCCO’s roles and responsibilities are designed to work complementary to, and be coordinated with, the MRAC, which approves State Street’s balance sheet strategy and related activities. ALCCO is chaired by our Treasurer and directly reports into the MRAC.
The following other risk committees have focused responsibilities for oversight of specific areas of risk management:
The Credit Risk and Policy Committee is responsible for cross-business unit review and oversight of credit and counterparty risk;
The Country Risk Committee oversees the identification, assessment, monitoring, reporting and mitigation, where necessary, of country risks;
The Trading and Markets Risk Committee, or TMRC, reviews the effectiveness of, and approves, the market risk framework at least annually; it is the most senior oversight and decision making committee for risk management within State Street Global Markets and the trading-and-clearing business of State Street Global Exchange;
The Securities Finance Risk Management Committee provides oversight of the risks in our securities finance business, including collateral and margin policies;
The Model Assessment Committee, or MAC, provides recommendations concerning technical modeling issues and validates


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financial models utilized by our business units;
The Basel / ICAAP Oversight Committee, or BIOC, reviews and assesses compliance with regulatory capital rules, and oversees initiatives related to the development and enhancement of relevant reporting capabilities;
The CCAR Steering Committee provides primary supervision of the stress tests performed in conformity with CCAR and the Dodd-Frank Act, and is responsible for the overall management, review, and approval of all material assumptions, methodologies, and results of each stress scenario;
The Recovery and Resolution Planning Executive Steering Group oversees the development of recovery and resolution plans as required by banking regulators;
The New Business and Product Committee provides oversight of the evaluation of the risk inherent in proposed new products or services and new business, as well as divestitures, restructurings and outsourcing arrangements; evaluations include economic justification, material risk, compliance, regulatory and legal considerations, and capital and liquidity analyses;
The Compliance and Ethics Committee provides review and oversight of State Street's compliance programs, including its culture of compliance and high standards of ethical behavior;
The Fiduciary Review Committee reviews and assesses the risk management programs of those units in which State Street serves in a fiduciary capacity;
The Operational Risk Committee provides cross-business oversight of operational risk to identify, measure, manage and control operational risk in an effective and consistent manner across State Street; and
The Technology Risk Governance Committee provides regular reporting to the TORC and escalates technology risk issues to the TORC, as appropriate.
Credit Risk Management
Core Policies and Principles
Credit and counterparty risk is defined as the risk of financial loss if a counterparty, borrower or obligor, referred to collectively as counterparties, is either unable or unwilling to repay borrowings or settle a transaction in accordance with underlying contractual terms. We assume credit and counterparty risk in our traditional non-trading lending activities (such as loans and contingent
commitments), in our investment securities portfolio (where recourse to a counterparty exists), and in our direct or indemnified agency trading activities (such as securities lending and foreign exchange). We also assume credit and counterparty risk in our day-to-day treasury and securitiesand other settlement operations, in the form of deposit placements and other cash balances with central banks or private sector institutions.     
We distinguish between three kinds of credit and counterparty risk:
Default risk is the risk that a counterparty fails to meet its contractual payment obligations;
Country risk is the risk that we may suffer a loss, in any given country, due to any of the following reasons: deterioration of economic conditions, political and social upheaval, nationalization and appropriation of assets, government repudiation of indebtedness, exchange controls, and disruptive currency depreciation or devaluation; and
Settlement risk is the risk that the settlement or clearance of transactions will fail, and arises whenever the exchange of cash, securities and/or other assets is not simultaneous.
The extension of credit and the acceptance of counterparty risk are governed by corporate guidelines based on a counterparty's risk profile, the markets served, counterparty and country concentrations, and regulatory compliance. These guidelines include reference to a number of core policies and principles:
All credit risks to each counterparty, or group of counterparties, are measured and consolidated in accordance with a ‘one obligor’ principle that aggregates all risks types across all business areas;
We seek to avoid or minimize undue concentrations of risk; counterparty (or groups of counterparties), industry, country and product-specific concentrations of risk are subject to frequent review and approval in accordance with State Street’s prevailing risk appetite;
All extensions of credit, or material changes to extensions of credit (such as its tenor, collateral structure or covenants), are approved by ERM in conformity with assigned credit-approval authorities;
We assign credit approval authorities to individuals according to their qualifications, experience and training, and review these authorities periodically; our largest exposures require approval by the Credit Committee, a sub-committee of the Credit Risk and Policy


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Committee; for certain small and low-risk extensions of credit, for certain counterparty types, approval authority has been granted to individuals outside of ERM;
The creditworthiness of all counterparties is determined by way of a detailed risk assessment, including the use of comprehensive internal rating methodologies; all rating methodologies in use at State Street are authorized for use within the advanced internal-ratings-based approach under applicable Basel requirements; and
A review of the creditworthiness of all counterparties, as well as all extensions of credit, is undertaken at least annually; the nature and extent of these reviews is determined by the size, nature and tenor of the extensions of credit, as well as the creditworthiness of the counterparty.
All core policies and principles are subject to annual review, as an integral part of State Street’s periodic assessment of its risk appetite.
Governance
The Credit Risk Management group is an integral part of ERM and is responsible for assessing, approving and monitoring all types of credit risk across State Street. It has responsibility for all requisite policies and procedures, and for State Street’s advanced internal credit-rating systems and methodologies. Additionally, Credit Risk Management, in conjunction with the appropriate business units, establishes appropriate measurements and limits to control the amount of credit risk accepted across its various business activities, both at a portfolio level and for each individual obligor, or group of obligors.
A number of local committees within State Street are responsible for overseeing credit risk. The Credit Risk and Policy Committee is responsible for approving policies and procedures, determining risk appetite and for routine monitoring of State Street’s credit-risk portfolio. The Credit Committee, a sub-committee of the Credit Risk and Policy Committee, has primary responsibility for the largest and higher-risk extensions of credit to individual obligors, or groups of obligors. Both committees provide periodic updates to the MRAC and the Board's RCC.
Credit Limits
Central to our philosophy for managing credit risk are the approval and imposition of credit limits, which reflect our credit risk appetite relative to the borrower or counterparty, its domicile, the nature of the risk and the country of risk. The extent of our ongoing analysis, approval and monitoring of credit limits and exposure is determined by the type of
borrower or counterparty, its prevailing credit-worthiness and the nature of the risk. These processes are outlined in formal guidelines.
Credit limits on a singular and aggregated basis are regularly reassessed and periodically revised based on prevailing and anticipated market conditions, changes in counterparty, industry or country-specific characteristics and outlook and State Street's risk appetite.
Global Counterparty Review
State Street’s Global Counterparty Review, or GCR, team provides separate oversight of our counterparty credit risk management practices and provides senior management, as well as our auditors and regulators, with reporting needed to monitor and assess the effectiveness of prevailing practices. Specific activities include, but are not limited to:
Separate and objective assessments of our credit and counterparty exposures to determine the nature and extent of risk undertaken by the business units;
Periodic business unit reviews, focusing on the assessment of credit analysis, policy compliance, prudent transaction structure and underwriting standards, administration and documentation, risk-rating integrity, and relevant trends;
Identification and monitoring of developing trends to minimize risk of loss and protect capital;
Maintenance of risk-rating system integrity and assurance of counterparty risk-rating transparency through testing of ratings;
Providing resources for specialized risk assessments (on an as-needed basis);
Opining on the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses; and
Serving as liaison with auditors and banking regulators with respect to risk rating, reporting and measurement.
Ongoing active monitoring and management of credit risk is an integral part of our credit risk management activities. A surveillance and credit review process is followed by both our business units and by ERM.
Credit Risk Mitigation
Techniques used to mitigate our counterparty credit risk include collateralizing our exposures; securing our exposures with a third-party guarantee; maintaining a security interest against assets under custody; exercising our legal right of offset; or buying credit insurance to offset our risk. We primarily accept cash, equities, and government securities as collateral. While we may use one or more of the foregoing techniques as protection with respect to a


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specific counterparty, we may also have multiple credit exposures to such counterparty, and all of our credit protection techniques may not be applicable to each type of credit exposure. In certain circumstances, we have credit exposure that is not secured.
Although we do not provide credit risk protection or trade in credit default swaps, we have purchased a small number of credit default swaps for hedging purposes. Due to the immaterial notional amount of these swaps, we do not formally recognize the benefits of these credit derivatives.
Reserve for Credit Losses
We maintain an allowance for loan losses to support our on-balance sheet credit exposures. We also maintain a reserve for unfunded commitments and letters of credit to support our off-balance credit exposure. The two components together represent the reserve for credit losses. Review and evaluation of the adequacy of the reserve for credit losses is ongoing throughout the year, but occurs at least quarterly, and is based, among other factors, on our evaluation of the level of risk in the portfolio, the volume of adversely classified loans, previous loss experience, current trends, and expected economic conditions and their effect on our counterparties. Additional information about the allowance for loan losses is provided in note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Liquidity Risk Management
Liquidity risk is defined as the potential that our financial condition or overall viability could be adversely affected by an actual or perceived inability to meet cash and collateral obligations. The goal of liquidity risk management is to maintain, even in the event of stress, our ability to meet our cash and collateral obligations.
Liquidity is managed to meet our financial obligations in a timely and cost-effective manner, as well as maintain sufficient flexibility to fund strategic corporate initiatives as they arise. Our effective management of liquidity involves the assessment of the potential mismatch between the future cash needs of our clients and our available sources of cash under both normal and adverse economic and business conditions.
We generally manage our liquidity on a global, consolidated basis. We also manage liquidity on a stand-alone basis at the parent company, as well as at certain branches and subsidiaries of State Street Bank. State Street Bank generally has access to markets and funding sources limited to banks, such as the federal funds market and the Federal Reserve's discount window. Our parent company is
managed to a more conservative liquidity profile, reflecting narrower market access. Our parent company typically holds enough cash, primarily in the form of interest-bearing deposits with its banking subsidiaries, to meet its current debt maturities and cash needs, as well as those projected over the next one-year period. As of March 31, 2014, the value of the parent company's net liquid assets totaled $4.76 billion, compared with $4.42 billion as of December 31, 2013. Our parent company's liquid assets generally consist of overnight placements with its banking subsidiaries.
Based on our level of consolidated liquid assets and our ability to access the capital markets for additional funding when necessary, including our ability to issue debt and equity securities under our current universal shelf registration, management considers State Street's overall liquidity as of March 31, 2014 to be sufficient to meet its current commitments and business needs, including accommodating the transaction and cash management needs of its clients.
Governance
Global Treasury is responsible for our management of liquidity. This includes the day-to-day management of our global liquidity position, the development and monitoring of early warning indicators, key liquidity risk metrics, the creation and execution of stress tests, the evaluation and implementation of regulatory requirements, the maintenance and execution of our liquidity guidelines and contingency funding plan, and routine management reporting to ALCCO and the Board's RCC.
Global Treasury Risk Management, part of ERM, provides separate oversight over the identification, communication and management of Global Treasury’s risks in support of our business strategy. Global Treasury Risk Management reports to the CRO. Global Treasury Risk Management’s responsibilities relative to liquidity risk management include the development and review of policies and guidelines; the monitoring of limits related to adherence to the liquidity risk guidelines and associated reporting.
Liquidity Framework
Our liquidity framework contemplates areas of potential risk based on our activities, size, and other appropriate risk-related factors. In managing liquidity risk, we employ limits, maintain established metrics and early warning indicators and perform routine stress testing to identify potential liquidity needs. This process involves the evaluation of a combination of internal and external scenarios which assist us in measuring our liquidity position and in identifying


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potential increases in cash needs or decreases in available sources of cash, as well as the potential impairment of our ability to access the global capital markets.
We manage liquidity according to several principles that are equally important to our overall liquidity risk management framework:
Structural liquidity management addresses liquidity by monitoring and directing the composition of our consolidated statement of condition. Structural liquidity is measured by metrics such as the percentage of total wholesale funds to consolidated total assets, and the percentage of non-government investment securities to client deposits. In addition, on a regular basis and as described further below, our structural liquidity is evaluated under various stress scenarios.
Tactical liquidity management addresses our day-to-day funding requirements and is largely driven by changes in our primary source of funding, which is client deposits.
Fluctuations in client deposits may be supplemented with short-term borrowings, which generally include commercial paper and certificates of deposit.
Stress testing and contingent funding planning are longer-term strategic liquidity risk management practices. Regular and ad hoc liquidity stress testing are performed under various severe but plausible scenarios at the consolidated level and at significant subsidiaries, including State Street Bank. These tests contemplate severe market and State Street-specific events under various time horizons and severities. Tests contemplate the impact of material changes in key funding sources, credit ratings, additional collateral requirements, contingent uses of funding, systemic shocks to the financial markets, and operational failures based on market and State Street-specific assumptions. The stress tests evaluate the required level of funding versus available sources in an adverse environment. As stress testing contemplates potential forward-looking scenarios, results also serve as a trigger to activate specific liquidity stress levels and contingent funding actions.
Contingency Funding Plans, or “CFPs”, are designed to assist senior management with decision-making associated with any contingency funding response to a possible or actual crisis scenario. The CFPs define roles, responsibilities and management actions to be taken in the event of deterioration of our liquidity profile caused by either a State Street-
specific event or a broader disruption in the capital markets. Specific actions are linked to the level of stress indicated by these measures or by management judgment of market conditions.
Liquidity Risk Metrics
In managing our liquidity, we employ early warning indicators and metrics. Early warning indicators are intended to detect situations which may result in a liquidity stress, including changes in our common stock price and the spread on our long-term debt. Additional metrics that are critical to the management of our consolidated statement of condition and monitored as part of our routine liquidity management include measures of our fungible cash position, purchased wholesale funds, unencumbered liquid assets, deposits, and the total of investment securities and loans as a percentage of total client deposits.
Asset Liquidity
Central to the management of our liquidity is asset liquidity, which generally consists of unencumbered highly liquid securities, cash and cash equivalents carried in our consolidated statement of condition. We restrict the eligibility of securities for asset liquidity to U.S. Government and federal agency securities (including mortgage-backed securities) and selected non-U.S. Government and supranational securities, which generally are more liquid than other types of assets. The following table presents the components of our asset liquidity balance as of the dates, or for the periods, indicated:
(In millions) March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Asset Liquidity:    
Highly liquid short-term investments(1)
 $75,796
 $64,257
Investment securities 21,612
 22,322
Total $97,408
 $86,579
     
  Quarters Ended March 31,
(In millions) 2014 2013
Average Asset Liquidity:    
Highly liquid short-term investments(1)
 $33,410
 $30,585
Investment securities 21,457
 25,794
Total $54,867
 $56,379
(1) Composed of interest-bearing deposits with banks.
Due to the continued elevated level of client deposits as of March 31, 2014, we maintained cash balances in excess of regulatory requirements of approximately $61.98 billion at the Federal Reserve, the ECB and other non-U.S. central banks, compared to $51.03 billion as of December 31, 2013.
Liquid securities carried in our asset liquidity include securities pledged without corresponding


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advances from the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, or FRB, the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston, or FHLB, and other non-U.S. central banks. State Street Bank is a member of the FHLB. This membership allows for advances of liquidity in varying terms against high-quality collateral, which helps facilitate asset-and-liability management.
Access to primary, intra-day and contingent liquidity provided by these utilities is an important source of contingent liquidity with utilization subject to underlying conditions. As of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, State Street Bank had no outstanding primary credit borrowings from the FRB discount window or any other central bank facility, and as of the same dates, no FHLB advances were outstanding.
In addition to the securities included in our asset liquidity, we have significant amounts of other high-quality investment securities. The aggregate fair value of those securities was $65.45 billion as of March 31, 2014, compared to $66.16 billion as of December 31, 2013. These securities are available sources of liquidity, although not as rapidly deployed as those included in our asset liquidity.
Uses of Liquidity
Significant uses of our liquidity could result from the following: withdrawals of client deposits; draw-downs of unfunded commitments to extend credit or to purchase securities, generally provided through lines of credit; and short-duration advance facilities. Such circumstances would generally arise under stress conditions including deterioration in credit ratings. We had unfunded commitments to extend credit with gross contractual amounts totaling $21.77 billion and $21.30 billion as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. These amounts do not reflect the value of any collateral. Approximately 77% of our unfunded commitments to extend credit expire within one year from the date of issuance. Since many of our commitments are expected to expire or renew without being drawn upon, the gross contractual amounts do not necessarily represent our future cash requirements.
Funding
Deposits:
Our Investment Servicing business provides products and services including custody, accounting, administration, daily pricing, foreign exchange services, cash management, financial asset management, securities finance and investment advisory services. As a provider of these products and services, we generate client deposits, which have generally provided a stable, low-cost source of funds. As a global custodian, clients place deposits with State Street entities in various currencies. These
client deposits are invested in a combination of investment securities and short-duration financial instruments whose mix is determined by the characteristics of the deposits.
For the past several years, we have experienced higher client deposit inflows toward the end of the quarter or the end of the year. As a result, average client deposit balances are deemed to be more reflective of ongoing funding than period-end balances. The following table presents client deposit balances as of the dates and for the periods indicated:
     Average Balance
 March 31, Quarters Ended March 31,
(In millions)2014 2013 2014 2013
Client deposits(1)
$194,648
 $150,130
 $154,086
 $138,750
(1) Balance as of March 31, 2013 excluded term wholesale certificates of deposit, or CDs, of $4.64 billion; average balances for the quarter ended March 31, 2013 excluded average CDs of $8.43 billion.
Short-Term Funding:
Our corporate commercial paper program, under which we can issue up to $3 billion of commercial paper with original maturities of up to 270 days from the date of issuance, had $1.88 billion of commercial paper outstanding as of March 31, 2014, compared to $1.82 billion as of December 31, 2013.
Our on-balance sheet liquid assets are also an integral component of our liquidity management strategy. These assets provide liquidity through maturities of the assets, but more importantly, they provide us with the ability to raise funds by pledging the securities as collateral for borrowings or through outright sales. In addition, our access to the global capital markets gives us the ability to source incremental funding at reasonable rates of interest from wholesale investors. As discussed earlier under “Asset Liquidity,” State Street Bank's membership in the FHLB allows for advances of liquidity in varying terms against high-quality collateral.
Short-term secured funding also comes in the form of securities lent or sold under agreements to repurchase. These transactions are short-term in nature, generally overnight, and are collateralized by high-quality investment securities. The balances associated with this activity are generally stable, as they represent a collateralized cash investment option for our investment servicing clients. These balances were $8.95 billion and $7.95 billion as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
State Street Bank currently maintains a line of credit with a financial institution of CAD $800 million, or approximately $725 million as of March 31, 2014,


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to support its Canadian securities processing operations. The line of credit has no stated termination date and is cancelable by either party with prior notice. As of March 31, 2014, there was no balance outstanding on this line of credit.
Long-Term Funding:
As of March 31, 2014, State Street Bank had Board authority to issue unsecured senior debt securities from time to time, provided that the aggregate principal amount of such unsecured senior debt outstanding at any one time does not exceed $5 billion. As of March 31, 2014, $4.1 billion was available for issuance pursuant to this authority. As of March 31, 2014, State Street Bank also had Board authority to issue up to $1.5 billion of subordinated debt, incremental to subordinated debt outstanding as of the same date. As of March 31, 2014, $500 million was available for issuance pursuant to this authority.
We maintain an effective universal shelf registration that allows for the public offering and sale of debt securities, capital securities, common stock, depositary shares and preferred stock, and warrants to purchase such securities, including any shares into which the preferred stock and depositary shares may be convertible, or any combination thereof. We have issued in the past, and we may issue in the future, securities pursuant to our shelf registration. The issuance of debt or equity securities will depend on future market conditions, funding needs and other factors.
Agency Credit Ratings
Our ability to maintain consistent access to liquidity is fostered by the maintenance of high investment-grade ratings as measured by the major independent credit rating agencies. Factors essential to maintaining high credit ratings include diverse and stable core earnings; relative market position, strong risk management; strong capital ratios; diverse liquidity sources, including the global capital markets and client deposits; strong liquidity monitoring procedures; and preparedness for current or future regulatory developments. High ratings minimize borrowing costs and enhance our liquidity by providing assurance for unsecured funding and depositors, increasing the potential market for our debt and improving our ability to offer products, serve markets, and engage in transactions in which clients value high credit ratings. A downgrade or reduction of our credit ratings could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity by restricting our ability to access the capital markets, increasing the related cost of funds, causing the sudden and large-scale withdrawal of unsecured deposits by our clients, leading to draw-downs of unfunded commitments to extend credit or triggering requirements under securities purchase
commitments, or require additional collateral or force terminations of certain trading derivative contracts.
A majority of our derivative contracts have been entered into under bilateral agreements with counterparties who may require us to post collateral or terminate the transactions based on changes in our credit ratings. We assess the impact of these arrangements by determining the collateral or termination payments that would be required assuming a downgrade by all rating agencies. The following table presents the additional collateral or termination payments related to our net derivative liabilities under these arrangements that could have been called as of the dates indicated by counterparties in the event of a one-notch and two-notch downgrade in our credit ratings. Other funding sources, such as secured financing transactions and other margin requirements, for which there are no explicit triggers, could also be adversely affected.
(In millions)March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Additional collateral or termination payments for a one- or two-notch downgrade$3
 $7
Proposed Liquidity Framework
In October 2013, U.S. banking regulators issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, or NPR, intended to implement the Basel Committee's Liquidity Coverage Ratio, or LCR, in the U.S. The LCR is intended to promote the short-term resilience of the liquidity risk profile of internationally active banking organizations, improve the banking industry's ability to absorb shocks arising from financial and economic stress, and improve the measurement and management of liquidity risk. The proposed LCR would require a covered banking organization to maintain an amount of high-quality liquid assets, or HQLA, equal to or greater than 100% of the banking organization’s total net cash outflows over a 30-calendar-day period of significant liquidity stress, as defined. The October 2013 NPR would be phased in beginning on January 1, 2015 at 80% with full implementation by January 1, 2017. As an internationally active banking organization, we expect to be subject to the LCR standard in the U.S., as well as in other jurisdictions in which we operate.
The NPR is generally consistent with the Basel Committee’s LCR. However, it includes certain more stringent requirements, including an accelerated implementation time line and modifications to the definition of high-quality liquid assets and expected outflow assumptions. We continue to analyze the proposed rules and analyze their impact as well as develop strategies for compliance. The principles of the LCR are consistent with our liquidity management framework; however, the specific calibrations of


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various elements within the final LCR rule, such as the eligibility of assets as HQLA, operational deposit requirements and net outflow requirements could have a material effect on our liquidity, funding and business activities, including the management and composition of our investment securities portfolio and our ability to extend committed contingent credit facilities to our clients.
In January 2014, the Basel Committee released a revised proposal with respect to the Net Stable Funding Ratio, or NSFR, which will establish a one-year liquidity standard representing the proportion of long-term assets funded by long-term stable funding, scheduled for global implementation in 2018. The revised NSFR has made some favorable changes regarding the treatment of operationally linked deposits and a reduction in the funding required for certain securities. However, we continue to review the specifics of the Basel Committee's release and will be evaluating the U.S. implementation of this standard to analyze the impact and develop strategies for compliance. U.S. banking regulators have not yet issued a proposal to implement the NSFR.
Operational Risk Management
We define operational risk as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes and systems, human error, or from external events. At State Street, this definition encompasses legal risk and fiduciary risk. We define legal risk as the risk of loss resulting from failure to comply with laws and contractual obligations as well as prudent ethical standards, in addition to exposure to litigation from all aspects of our activities. Fiduciary risk arises if, in acting on behalf of our clients, we fail to properly exercise discretion or we do not properly monitor or control the exercise of discretion by a third party.
In the conduct of our investment servicing and investment management activities, we assume operational risk. The products and services we provide to our clients, such as custody; product- and participant-level accounting; daily pricing and administration; master trust and master custody; record-keeping; cash management; foreign exchange, and the management of financial assets using passive and active strategies, can result in execution risk, business practice risk, fiduciary risk and other types of operational risk. Because operational risk is process-oriented, compared to other risks, for example credit risk and market risk, which are transaction-oriented, our ability to influence and manage risk-taking rests at the process level, and requires a broad set of process controls.
Whereas operational risk represents the potential, an operational risk event is the actual
occurrence of the risk. An operational risk event that gives rise to a direct financial impact is referred to as an operational risk loss or gain. If there is no financial impact, the event is termed a “near-miss.”
Framework
We have developed a comprehensive approach to operational risk management that is consistently applied across State Street. This approach, referred to as our operational risk framework, takes a holistic view and integrates the different methods and tools used to manage operational risk. The framework, which was developed by our Operational Risk Management group and utilizes aspects of the framework of the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or the COSO framework, and industry/peer leading practices, is designed to comply with Basel requirements. Our operational risk framework seeks to provide a number of important benefits, including:
The alignment of business priorities with risk management objectives;
The active management of risk and the avoidance of surprises;
The clarification of responsibilities for the management of operational risk;
A common understanding of operational risk management and its supporting processes; and
The consistent application of policies and collection of data for risk management and measurement.
The framework is composed of two mutually reinforcing areas, foundational elements and framework components. The three foundational elements used to consistently implement the framework across the diverse groups within State Street are governance, documentation, and communication/awareness. The framework also contains five components that provide overarching structure that integrates distinct risk programs into a continuous process focused on managing and measuring operational risk in a coordinated and consistent manner. The individual components and the objectives of each component are:
Identify, assess and measure risk - understand business unit strategy, risk profile and potential exposure;
Monitor risk - proactively monitor the business environment and associated operational risk exposure;
Evaluate and test controls - verify that internal controls are designed appropriately, are consistent with corporate and regulatory standards, and are operating effectively;
Provide integrated management reporting - facilitate management's ability to maintain


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control, provide oversight and escalate issues in a timely manner; and
Support risk-based decision making - make conscious risk-based decisions and understand the trade-off between risk and return.
We maintain an operational risk policy, under which we endeavor to effectively manage operational risk in order to support the achievement of our corporate objectives and fully comply with any related regulatory requirements. We achieve these policy objectives through the implementation of our operational risk framework, which describes the integrated set of processes and tools that assist us in managing and measuring operational risk.
Our operational risk policy is approved annually by the Board's RCC. The purpose of the policy is to set forth our approach to the management of operational risk, to identify the responsibilities of individuals and committees charged with overseeing the management of operational risk, and to provide a broad mandate that supports implementation of the operational risk framework.
Guidelines
As part of our operational risk framework, we have also developed operational risk guidelines which document in greater detail our practices and describe the key elements that should be present in a business unit's operational risk management program. The purpose of the guidelines is to set forth and define key operational risk terms, provide further detail on State Street's operational risk programs, and detail business unit responsibilities for the identification, assessment, measurement, monitoring and reporting of operational risk. The guidelines support the operational risk policy and document our practices used to manage and measure operational risk in an effective and consistent manner across State Street.
We have a number of operational risk tools and processes in use that are corporate-wide in application or coverage. These tools include a series of risk assessments and diagnostics, at the business unit level, across the risk spectrum aimed at the identification of risks that occur routinely through normal operations, strategic risks that may arise over a longer-term horizon and risks that occur very infrequently but which could materially affect State Street. Further, these assessments allow management to define risk mitigation strategies and set action plans for implementation.
State Street monitors the level and trend of its operational risk profile through a series of management reports, risk assessment outcomes, risk mitigation initiative processes and risk metrics. Together, this data assists us in understanding our
risk profile, as well as our progress on managing risk and changes in the environment, both internal and external, which may affect our risk profile. In addition, we use scenario analysis to provide a forward-looking assessment of large operational risk events that we may not have experienced yet.
In order for these tools and programs to meet framework objectives, we have implemented comprehensive data collection practices and consistent risk classification standards that facilitate the analysis of risks across the company. In addition, we have established standards for operational risk data for the purpose of maintaining data repositories and systems that are controlled, accurate and available on a timely basis to support operational risk management.
Governance
The roles and responsibilities with respect to the management of operational risk at State Street reflect the following four key principles:
Board oversight of our operational risk framework is primarily the responsibility of the RCC, which annually reviews and approves our operational risk policy and delegates day-to-day oversight to ERM;
Senior business unit managers are responsible for the management of operational risk;
ERM and other corporate groups provide separate oversight, validation and verification of the management and measurement of operational risk; and
Executive management provides oversight through participation on risk-management committees and direct management of risk in business activities.
The key responsibilities of these groups with respect to operational risk are described below:
The RCC approves our operational risk policy, delegates the implementation and monitoring of the operational risk guidelines, framework and related programs to ERM, and reviews periodic reporting of management information related to operational risk; and
Senior business unit management is responsible for the direct management of operational risk arising from our business activities, as well as operational risk oversight through representation on the MRAC, the BCRC, the TORC, and the local Operational Risk and Fiduciary Review Committees.
A number of corporate groups have responsibility for developing, implementing, and


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

assessing various aspects of State Street's operational risk framework:
ERM’s Corporate Operational Risk Management group is responsible for the development and implementation of State Street's operational risk guidelines, framework and supporting tools. It also reviews and analyzes operational key risk information, metrics and indicators at the business line and corporate level for purposes of reporting and escalating operational risk events;
ERM’s Corporate Risk Analytics group develops and maintains operational risk capital estimation models and regularly calculates State Street's operational risk regulatory capital requirements;
ERM’s Model Governance group separately validates the quantitative models used to measure operational risk; and
Corporate Audit performs separate reviews of the application of operational risk management practices and methodologies utilized across State Street.
Operational risk management at State Street includes both the corporate Operational Risk Management group, led by the global head of Operational Risk, who is a member of the CRO’s executive management team, and a distributed risk management infrastructure that is aligned with our business units. The risk management groups aligned with the business units report directly to the CRO, and have operational risk managers who are responsible for the implementation of the operational risk framework at the business unit level.
Market Risk Management
Market risk is defined by U.S. banking regulators as the risk of loss that could result from broad market movements, such as changes in the general level of interest rates, credit spreads, foreign exchange rates or commodity prices. State Street is exposed to market risk in both its trading and certain of its non-trading, or asset-and-liability management, activities. The market risk management processes related to our trading activities, discussed in further detail below, apply to both on- and off-balance sheet exposures.
In the conduct of our trading activities, we assume market risk. The level of market risk that we assume is a function of our overall risk appetite, business objectives and liquidity needs, our clients' requirements and market volatility, and our execution against those factors. Market risk associated with our trading activities is discussed below under “Trading Activities.” In addition, a supplemental disclosure
providing qualitative and quantitative information with respect to market risk associated with our trading activities is provided on the “Investor Relations” section of our website.
Market risk associated with our non-trading activities, which consists primarily of interest-rate risk, is discussed under “Asset-and-Liability Management Activities.”
Trading Activities
We engage in trading activities primarily to support our clients' needs and to contribute to our overall corporate earnings and liquidity. In connection with certain of these trading activities, we enter into a variety of derivative financial instruments to support our clients' needs and to manage our interest-rate and currency risk. These activities are generally intended to generate trading services revenue and to manage potential earnings volatility. In addition, we provide services related to derivatives in our role as both a manager and a servicer of financial assets. Our clients use derivatives to manage the financial risks associated with their investment goals and business activities. With the growth of cross-border investing, our clients often enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to convert currency for international investments and to manage the currency risk in their international investment portfolios. As an active participant in the foreign exchange markets, we provide foreign exchange forward and option contracts in support of these client needs, and also act as a dealer in the currency markets.   
As part of our trading activities, we assume positions in the foreign exchange and interest-rate markets by buying and selling cash instruments and entering into derivative instruments, including foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign exchange and interest-rate options and interest-rate swaps, interest-rate forward contracts, and interest-rate futures. As of March 31, 2014, the aggregate notional amount of these derivative contracts was $1.24 trillion, of which $1.23 trillion was composed of foreign exchange forward, swap and spot contracts. In the aggregate, we seek to match positions closely with the objective of minimizing related currency and interest-rate risk. All foreign exchange contracts are valued daily at current market rates. Additional information about derivative contracts entered into in connection with our trading activities is provided in note 11 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.


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Governance
Our assumption of market risk in our trading activities is an integral part of our corporate risk appetite. Our Board of Directors reviews and oversees our management of market risk, including the approval of key market risk policies and the receipt and review of regular market risk reporting, as well as periodic updates on selected market risk topics.
The TMRC is a management committee that oversees all market risk-taking activities across State Street associated with trading. The TMRC, which reports to the MRAC is composed of members of ERM; our Global Markets business; and our Global Treasury group, as well as our senior executives who manage our trading businesses and other members of management who possess specialized knowledge and expertise. Under authority delegated by the MRAC, the TMRC is responsible for the formulation of guidelines, strategies and work flows with respect to the measurement, monitoring and control of our trading market risk, and also approves market risk tolerance limits and dealing authorities. The TMRC meets regularly to monitor the management of our trading market risk activities.
Our business units identify, actively manage and are responsible for the market risks inherent in their businesses. A dedicated market risk management group within ERM, and other groups within ERM, work with those business units to assist them in the identification, assessment, monitoring, management and control of market risk, and assist business unit managers with their market risk management and measurement activities. ERM provides an additional line of oversight, support and coordination designed to promote the consistent identification, measurement and management of market risk across business units, separate from those business units' discrete activities.
The ERM market risk management group is responsible for the management of corporate-wide market risk, the monitoring of key market risks and the development and maintenance of market risk management policies, guidelines, and standards aligned with our corporate risk appetite. This market risk management group also establishes and approves market risk tolerance limits and dealing authorities based on, but not limited to, notional amount measures, sensitivity measures, VaR measures and stress measures. Such limits and authorities are specified in our trading and market risk guidelines which govern our management of trading market risk.
Our risk management and our calculations of regulatory capital and economic capital are based primarily on our internal VaR models and stress-
testing analysis. As discussed in detail under “Value-at-Risk” below, VaR is measured daily by ERM.
Market risk exposure is established within our risk appetite framework. These limits define threshold levels for VaR- and stressed VaR-based measures and are applicable to all trading positions subject to regulatory capital requirements.
Covered Positions
Our trading positions are subject to regulatory market risk capital requirements if they meet the regulatory definition of a “covered position.” The identification of covered positions for inclusion in our market risk capital framework is governed by our covered positions policy. This policy outlines the standards we use to determine whether a trading position is a covered position.
Our covered positions consist primarily of those arising from the trading portfolios held by our Global Markets business. These trading portfolios include products such as spot foreign exchange, foreign exchange forwards, non-deliverable forwards, foreign exchange options, foreign exchange funding swaps, currency futures, financial futures, and interest rate futures. Covered positions also arise from certain portfolios held by our Global Treasury group. Any new activities are analyzed to determine if the positions arising from such new activities meet the definition of a covered position and conform to our covered positions policy. This documented analysis, including any decisions with respect to market risk treatments, must receive approval from the TMRC.
Value-at-Risk, Stress Testing and Stressed VaR
As noted above, we use a variety of risk measurement tools and methodologies, including VaR, which is an estimate of potential loss for a given period within a stated statistical confidence interval. We use a risk measurement methodology to measure trading-related VaR daily. We have adopted standards for measuring trading-related VaR, and we maintain regulatory capital for market risk associated with our trading activities in conformity with currently applicable bank regulatory market risk requirements.
We utilize an internal VaR model to calculate our regulatory market risk capital requirements. We use a historical simulation model to calculate daily VaR- and stressed VaR-based measures for our covered positions in conformity with regulatory requirements. Our VaR model seeks to capture identified material risk factors associated with our covered positions, including risks arising from market movements such as changes in foreign exchange rates, interest rates and option-implied volatilities.
We have adopted standards and guidelines to value our covered positions which govern our VaR-


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and stressed VaR-based measures. Our regulatory VaR-based measure is calculated based on a one-tail, 99% confidence interval and a ten-business-day holding period, using a historical observation period of two years. We also use the same platform to calculate a one-tail, 99% confidence interval, one-business-day VaR for internal risk management purposes. A 99% one-tail confidence interval implies that daily trading losses are not expected to exceed the estimated VaR more than 1% of the time, or less than three business days out of a year.
Our market risk models, including our VaR model, are subject to change in connection with the governance, validation and back-testing processes described below. These models can change as a result of changes in our business activities, our historical experiences, market forces and events, regulations and regulatory interpretations and other factors. In addition, the models are subject to continuing regulatory review and approval. Changes in our models may result in changes in our measurements of our market risk exposures, including VaR, and related measures, including regulatory capital. These changes could result in material changes in those risk measurements and related measures as calculated and compared from period to period.
Value-at-Risk
VaR measures are based on two years of historical price movements for instruments and related risk factors to which we have exposure. The instruments in question are limited to foreign exchange spot, forward and options contracts and interest-rate contracts, including futures and interest-rate swaps.
Our VaR methodology uses a historical simulation approach based on market-observed changes in foreign exchange rates, U.S. and non-U.S. interest rates and implied volatilities, and incorporates the resulting diversification benefits provided from the mix of our trading positions. Our VaR model incorporates around 5,000 risk factors and includes correlations among currency, interest rates, and other market rates.
Stress Testing and Stressed VaR
We have a corporate-wide stress-testing program in place that incorporates an array of techniques to measure the potential loss we could suffer in a hypothetical scenario of adverse economic and financial conditions. We also monitor concentrations of risk such as concentration by branch, risk component, and currency pairs. We conduct stress testing on a daily basis based on selected historical stress events that are relevant to our positions in order to estimate the potential impact
to our current portfolio should similar market conditions recur, and we also perform stress testing as part of the Federal Reserve's annual CCAR process. Stress testing is conducted, analyzed and reported at the corporate, trading desk, division and risk-factor level (for example, exchange risk, interest-rate risk and volatility risk).
We calculate a stressed VaR-based measure using the same model we use to calculate VaR, but with model inputs calibrated to historical data from a range of continuous twelve-month periods that reflect significant financial stress. The sixty-day moving average of our stressed VaR-based measure was approximately$31 million for the twelve months endedMarch 31, 2014, compared to a sixty-day moving average of approximately $28 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2013 and approximately $16 million for the twelve months endedMarch 31, 2013.
Stress-testing results and limits are actively monitored on a daily basis by ERM and reported to the TMRC. Limit breaches are addressed by ERM risk managers in conjunction with the business units, escalated as appropriate, and reviewed by the TMRC if material. In addition, we have established several action triggers that prompt immediate review by management and the implementation of a remediation plan.
Validation and Back-Testing
We perform daily back-testing to assess the accuracy of our VaR-based model in estimating loss at the stated confidence level. This back-testing involves the comparison of estimated VaR model outputs to actual profit-and-loss, or P&L, outcomes observed from daily market movements. We back-test our VaR model using “clean” P&L, which excludes non-trading revenue such as fees, commissions and net interest revenue, as well as estimated revenue from intra-day trading. We experienced no back-testing exceptions in the first quarter of 2014 or the first quarter of 2013.
Our market risk models are governed by our model risk governance guidelines, in conformity with our model risk governance policy, which outline the standards we use to assess the conceptual soundness and effectiveness of our models. Our market risk models are subject to regular review and validation by our Model Validation group within ERM and overseen by the MAC. The MAC, chaired by a senior executive in ERM, was established for the purpose of providing recommendations on technical modeling issues to the corporate oversight committees. The MAC includes members with expertise in modeling methodologies and has representation from the various business units


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throughout State Street. Additional information is provided under “Model Risk Management.”
Our model validation process also evaluates the integrity of our VaR models through the use of regular outcome analysis. Such outcome analysis includes back-testing, which compares the VaR model's predictions to actual outcomes using out-of-sample information. The Model Validation Group examined back-testing results for the market risk regulatory
capital model used for 2012. Consistent with regulatory guidance, the back-testing compared “clean” P&L, defined above, with the one-day VaR produced by the model. The back-testing was performed for a time period not used for model development. The number of occurrences where “clean” trading-book P&L exceeded the one-day VaR was within our expected VaR tolerance level.

The following tables present VaR associated with our trading activities for covered positions held during the first quarter ended March 31, 2014 and the first quarter ended March 31, 2013, and as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, as measured by our VaR methodology.
VaR - COVERED PORTFOLIOS (TEN-DAY VaR)Quarter Ended March 31, 2014 Quarter Ended March 31, 2013 As of March 31, 2014 As of December 31, 2013
(In thousands)Average Maximum Minimum Average Maximum Minimum VaR VaR
Foreign exchange$6,321
 $12,327
 $2,273
 $7,114
 $22,835
 $1,626
 $4,664
 $5,463
Money market/Global Treasury51
 62
 42
 140
 559
 24
 61
 58
Total VaR$6,298
 $12,283
 $2,262
 $7,046
 $22,834
 $1,641
 $4,634
 $5,441
STRESSED VaR - COVERED PORTFOLIOS (TEN-DAY VaR)Quarter Ended March 31, 2014 Quarter Ended March 31, 2013 As of March 31, 2014 As of December 31, 2013
(In thousands)Average Maximum Minimum Average Maximum Minimum VaR VaR
Foreign exchange$30,664
 $50,900
 $15,625
 $16,424
 $37,633
 $5,333
 $34,072
 $30,338
Money market/Global Treasury230
 572
 84
 310
 965
 56
 140
 280
Total Stressed VaR$30,610
 $50,795
 $15,495
 $16,313
 $37,445
 $5,385
 $33,930
 $30,403
The VaR-based measures presented in the preceding tables are primarily a reflection of the overall level of market volatility and our appetite for trading market risk. Overall levels of volatility have been low both on an absolute basis and relative to the historical information observed at the beginning of the period used for the calculations. Both the ten-day VaR-based measures and the stressed VaR-based measures are based on historical changes observed during rolling ten-day periods for the portfolios as of the close of business each day over the past one-year period.
The decrease in the maximum VaR measure for foreign exchange for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2013 was the result of declining market volatility, particularly foreign exchange volatility.  In addition, the high level of volatility that occurred in the third and fourth quarters of 2011 was no longer included in the advancing two-year window for historical price movements and related risk factors used to measure VaR.  The increase in the stressed-VaR measures for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2013 resulted from the
model changes, described below, that we implemented beginning on July 1, 2013. The increase in the stressed-VaR measure for foreign exchange as of March 31, 2014 compared to December 31, 2013 was due primarily to increases in our exposures to both on-shore and off-shore yield curves in foreign currency.
Beginning on July 1, 2013, we implemented two significant changes to our stressed-VAR model. The net effect of the two changes resulted in increases in our stressed VaR-based measures, calculated based on a 99% confidence interval. The changes involved the introduction of off-shore yield curves for non-deliverable forward contracts in our portfolios of covered positions and the use of absolute changes in place of relative or percentage changes for interest-rate risk factors (both base curves and spread curves).
We may in the future further modify and adjust our models and methodologies used to calculate VaR, subject to regulatory review and approval, and these modifications and adjustments may result in changes in our VaR measures, some of which may be significant.






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The following table presents VaR associated with our trading activities attributable to foreign exchange rates, interest rates and volatility as ofMarch 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. The totals of the VaR amounts attributable to foreign exchange rates, interest rates and volatility for each VaR component exceeded the component VaR measures presented in the foregoing table as of each period-end, primarily due to the benefits of diversification across risk types.
VaR - COVERED PORTFOLIOS (TEN-DAY VaR)As of March 31, 2014 As of December 31, 2013
(In thousands)Foreign Exchange Interest Rate Volatility Foreign Exchange Interest Rate Volatility
By component:           
Foreign exchange/Global Markets$4,107
 $4,132
 $234
 $3,492
 $4,561
 $306
Money market/Global Treasury48
 25
 
 46
 52
 
Total VaR$4,070
 $4,125
 $234
 $3,457
 $4,577
 $306
Asset-and-Liability Management Activities
The primary objective of asset-and-liability management is to provide sustainable and growing net interest revenue, or NIR, under varying economic environments, while protecting the economic value of the assets and liabilities carried in our consolidated statement of condition from the adverse effects of changes in interest rates. While many market factors affect the level of NIR and the economic value of our assets and liabilities, one of the most significant factors is our exposure to movements in interest rates. Most of our NIR is earned from the investment of client deposits generated by our businesses. We invest these client deposits in assets that conform generally to the characteristics of our balance sheet liabilities, including the currency composition of our significant non-U.S. dollar denominated client liabilities, but we manage our overall interest-rate risk position in the context of current and anticipated market conditions and within internally-approved risk guidelines.
Our overall interest-rate risk position is maintained within a series of policies approved by the Board and guidelines established and monitored by ALCCO. Our Global Treasury group has responsibility for managing our day-to-day interest-rate risk. To effectively manage our consolidated statement of condition and related NIR, Global Treasury has the authority to assume a limited amount of interest-rate risk based on market conditions and its views about the direction of global interest rates over both short-term and long-term time horizons. Global Treasury manages our exposure to changes in interest rates on a consolidated basis organized into three regional treasury units, North America, Europe and Asia/Pacific, to reflect the growing, global nature of our exposures and to capture the impact of changes in regional market environments on our total risk position.
The economic value of our consolidated statement of condition is a metric designed to estimate the fair value of assets and liabilities which

could be garnered if those assets and liabilities were sold today. The economic values represent discounted cash flows from all financial instruments; therefore, changes in the yield curves, which are used to discount the cash flows, affect the values of these instruments.
Our investment activities and our use of derivative financial instruments are the primary tools used in managing interest-rate risk. We invest in financial instruments with currency, repricing, and maturity characteristics we consider appropriate to manage our overall interest-rate risk position. In addition, we use certain derivative instruments, primarily interest-rate swaps, to alter the interest-rate characteristics of specific balance sheet assets or liabilities.
Additional information about our measurement of fair value and our use of derivatives is provided in notes 2 and 11, respectively, to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Because no one individual measure can accurately assess all of our exposures to changes in interest rates, we use several quantitative measures in our assessment of current and potential future exposures to changes in interest rates and their impact on NIR and balance sheet values. NIR simulation is the primary tool used in our evaluation of the potential range of possible NIR results that could occur under a variety of interest-rate environments. We also use market valuation and duration analysis to assess changes in the economic value of balance sheet assets and liabilities caused by assumed changes in interest rates.
To measure, monitor, and report on our interest-rate risk position, we use NIR simulation, or NIR-at-risk, and economic value of equity, or EVE, sensitivity. NIR-at-risk measures the impact on NIR over the next twelve months to immediate, or “rate shock,” and gradual, or “rate ramp,” changes in market interest rates. EVE sensitivity is a total return view of interest-rate risk, which measures the impact on the present


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value of all NIR-related principal and interest cash flows of an immediate change in interest rates, and is generally used in the context of economic capital discussed under “Economic Capital” in “Financial Condition - Capital” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis. Although NIR-at-risk and EVE sensitivity measure interest-rate risk over different time horizons, both utilize consistent assumptions when modeling the positions currently held by State Street; however, NIR-at-risk also incorporates future actions planned by management over the time horizons being modeled.
In calculating our NIR-at-risk, we start with a base amount of NIR that is projected over the next twelve months, assuming our forecast yield curve over the period. Our existing balance sheet assets and liabilities are adjusted by the amount and timing of transactions that are forecast to occur over the next twelve months. That yield curve is then “shocked,” or moved immediately, +/-100 basis points in a parallel fashion, or at all points along the yield curve. Two new twelve-month NIR projections are then developed using the same balance sheet and forecast transactions, but with the new yield curves, and compared to the base scenario. We also perform the calculations using interest-rate ramps, which are +/-100-basis-point changes in interest rates that are assumed to occur gradually over the next twelve months, rather than immediately as we do with interest-rate shocks.
EVE is based on the change in the present value of all NIR-related principal and interest cash flows for changes in market rates of interest. The present value of existing cash flows with a then-current yield curve serves as the base case. We then apply an immediate parallel shock to that yield curve of ±200 basis points and recalculate the cash flows and related present values. A large shock is used to better capture the embedded option risk in our mortgage-backed securities that results from borrowers' prepayment opportunities.
Key assumptions used in the models, described in more detail below, along with changes in market conditions, are inherently uncertain. Actual results necessarily differ from model results as market conditions differ from assumptions. As such, management performs back-testing, stress testing, and model integrity analyses to validate that the modeled results produce predictive NIR-at-risk and EVE sensitivity estimates which can be used in our management of interest-rate risk. Primary factors affecting the actual results are changes in our balance sheet size and mix; the timing, magnitude and frequency of changes in interest rates, including the slope and the relationship between the interest-rate level of U.S. dollar and non-U.S. dollar yield
curves; changes in market conditions; and management actions taken in response to the preceding conditions.
Both NIR-at-risk and EVE sensitivity results are managed against ALCCO-approved limits and guidelines and are monitored regularly, along with other relevant simulations, scenario analyses and stress tests, by both Global Treasury and ALCCO. Our ALCCO-approved guidelines are, we believe, in line with industry standards and are periodically examined by the Federal Reserve.
Based on our current balance sheet composition where fixed-rate assets exceed fixed-rate liabilities, reported results of NIR-at-risk could depict an increase in NIR from a rate increase while EVE presents a loss. A change in this balance sheet profile may result in different outcomes under both NIR-at-risk and EVE. NIR-at-risk depicts the change in the nominal (undiscounted) dollar net interest flows which are generated from the forecast statement of condition over the next twelve months.  As interest rates increase, the interest expense associated with our client deposit liabilities is assumed to increase at a slower pace than the investment returns derived from our current balance sheet or the associated reinvestment of our interest-earning assets, resulting in an overall increase to NIR. EVE, on the other hand, measures the present value change of both principal and interest cash flows based on the current period-end balance sheet. As a result, EVE does not contemplate reinvestment of our assets associated with a change in the interest-rate environment. 
Although NIR in both NIR-at-risk and EVE sensitivity is higher in response to increased interest rates, the future principal flows from fixed-rate investments are discounted at higher rates for EVE, which results in lower asset values and a corresponding reduction or loss in EVE. As noted above, NIR-at-risk does not analyze changes in the value of principal cash flows and therefore does not experience the same reduction experienced by EVE sensitivity associated with discounting principal cash flows at higher rates.
Net Interest Revenue at Risk
NIR-at-risk is designed to measure the potential impact of changes in global market interest rates on NIR in the short term. The impact of changes in market rates on NIR is measured against a baseline NIR which encompasses management's expectations regarding the evolving balance sheet volumes and interest rates in the near-term. The goal is to achieve an acceptable level of NIR under various interest-rate environments. Assumptions regarding levels of client deposits and our ability to price these deposits under various rate environments have a significant impact


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on the results of the NIR simulations. Similarly, the timing of cash flows from our investment portfolio, especially option-embedded financial instruments like mortgage-backed securities, and our ability to replace these cash flows in line with management's expectations, can affect the results of NIR simulations.
The following table presents the estimated exposure of our NIR for the next twelve months, calculated as of the dates indicated, due to an immediate +/-100-basis-point shift to our internal forecast of global interest rates. We manage our NIR sensitivity to limit declines to 15% or less from baseline NIR. Estimated incremental exposures presented below are dependent on management's assumptions, and do not reflect any additional actions management may undertake in order to mitigate some of the adverse effects of changes in interest rates on our financial performance.
 
Estimated Exposure to
Net Interest Revenue
(Dollars in millions)March 31,
2014
 December 31,
2013
Rate change:Exposure % of Base NIR Exposure % of Base NIR
+100 bps shock$344
 14.2% $334
 14.0%
–100 bps shock(291) (12.0) (261) (10.9)
+100 bps ramp128
 5.3
 126
 5.3
–100 bps ramp(158) (6.5) (124) (5.2)
As of March 31, 2014, NIR sensitivity to an upward-100-basis-point shock in global interest rates was slightly higher compared to such sensitivity as of December 31, 2013, due to a higher level of forecast client deposits. The benefit to NIR of an upward-100-basis-point ramp is less significant than a shock, since interest rates are assumed to increase gradually.
NIR sensitivity to a downward-100-basis-point shock in global interest rates as of March 31, 2014 increased compared to such sensitivity as of December 31, 2013. Increased levels of forecast client deposits, while beneficial to baseline NIR, do not provide relief in the downward shock scenario, as they have no room to fully re-price from current levels as their pricing basis falls. A downward-100-basis-point shock in global interest rates places pressure on NIR, as deposit rates reach their implicit floors due to the exceptionally low globalinterest-rate environment, and provide little funding relief on the liability side, while assets re-price into the lower-rate environment.
Our baseline NIR incorporates an expectation that short-term interest rates will begin to rise in anticipation of central bank tightening of current
monetary policies. While this rise in rates benefits our baseline NIR, it is detrimental to our NIR sensitivity to a downward-100-basis-point shock, as rising short-term interest rates allow asset yields to re-price lower in a downward shock scenario than previously, while deposits are still priced close to natural floors.
Other important factors which affect the levels of NIR are the size and mix of assets carried in our consolidated statement of condition; interest-rate spreads; the slope and interest-rate level of U.S. and non-U.S. dollar yield curves and the relationship between them; the pace of change in global market interest rates; and management actions taken in response to the preceding conditions.
Economic Value of Equity
EVE sensitivity measures changes in the market value of equity to quantify potential losses to shareholders due to an immediate +/-200-basis-point rate shock compared to current interest-rate levels if the balance sheet were liquidated immediately. Management compares the change in EVE sensitivity against State Street's aggregate tier 1 and tier 2 risk-based capital, calculated in conformity with currently applicable regulatory requirements, to evaluate whether the magnitude of the exposure to interest rates is acceptable. Generally, a change resulting from a +/-200-basis-point rate shock that is less than 20% of aggregate tier 1 and tier 2 capital is an exposure that management deems acceptable. To the extent that we manage changes in EVE sensitivity within the 20% threshold, we would seek to take action to remain below the threshold if the magnitude of our exposure to interest rates approached that limit.
Similar to NIR-at-risk measures, the timing of cash flows affects EVE sensitivity, as changes in asset and liability values under different rate scenarios are dependent on when interest and principal payments are received. In contrast to NIR simulations, however, EVE sensitivity does not incorporate assumptions regarding reinvestment of these cash flows. In addition, our ability to price client deposits has a much smaller impact on EVE sensitivity, as EVE sensitivity does not consider the ongoing benefit of investing client deposits.
The following table presents estimated EVE exposures, calculated as of the dates indicated, assuming an immediate and prolonged shift in global interest rates, the impact of which would be spread over a number of years.


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Estimated Sensitivity of
Economic Value of Equity
(Dollars in millions)March 31,
2014
 December 31,
2013
Rate change:Exposure % of Tier 1/Tier 2 Capital Exposure % of Tier 1/Tier 2 Capital
+200 bps shock$(2,346) (13.2)% $(2,359) (14.9)%
–200 bps shock1,146
 6.5
 1,149
 7.2
Exposure to upward- and downward-200-basis-point shocks as of March 31, 2014 improved compared to December 31, 2013. A lower concentration of fixed-rate securities in the investment portfolio and related hedging activity in 2013 reduced EVE sensitivity to changes in market rates.
Model Risk Management
The use of financial models is widespread throughout the banking and financial services industry, with larger and more complex organizations employing dozens of sophisticated models on a daily basis to measure risk exposures, determine economic and regulatory capital levels, and guide investment decisions, among other things. However, even as models represent a significant advancement in financial management, the models themselves represent a new source of risk, i.e., the potential for adverse consequences or financial loss from decisions based on incorrect, misused or misinterpreted model outputs and reports.
In large banking organizations like State Street, where financial models and their outputs exert significant influence on business decisions, and where model failure could have a particularly harmful effect on our financial strength and performance, model risk is managed within an extensive and rigorous risk management framework. This framework is documented in our Model Risk Governance policy statement and accompanying Model Risk Governance guidelines.
Our model risk management program has three principal components:
A model risk governance program supports risk management by defining roles and responsibilities, by providing policies and guidance that define relevant model risk management activities, and by describing procedures that implement those policies;
A model development process facilitates the appropriate design and accuracy of models; the development process also includes ongoing model integrity activities designed to test for robustness and stability and to evaluate a model's limitations and assumptions; and
A set of model validation processes and activities is designed to validate that models are theoretically sound, are performing as expected, and are in line with their design objectives; model validation also checks that a model's key assumptions and limitations are identified and clearly communicated to the model's end users and to senior management.
The MAC, chaired by the head of the Model Validation Group, was established to provide recommendations on technical modeling issues to the corporate oversight committees. The MAC includes members with expertise in modeling methodologies, and has representation from the various business units throughout State Street.
Business Risk Management
We define business risk as the risk of adverse changes in our earnings related to business factors, including changes in the competitive environment, changes in the operational economics of our business activities and the potential effect of strategic and reputation risks, not already captured as trading market, interest-rate, credit, operational or liquidity risks. We incorporate business risk into our assessment of our strategic plans and economic capital needs. Active management of business risk is an integral component of all aspects of our business, and responsibility for the management of business risk lies with every employee at State Street.
Separating the effects of a potential material adverse event into operational and business risk is sometimes difficult. For instance, the direct financial impact of an unfavorable event in the form of fines or penalties would be classified as an operational risk loss, while the impact on our reputation and consequently the potential loss of clients and corresponding decline in revenue would be classified as a business risk loss. An additional example of business risk is the integration of a major acquisition. Failure to successfully integrate the operations of an acquired business, and the resultant inability to retain clients and the associated revenue, would be classified as a loss due to business risk.
Business risk is managed with a long-term focus. Techniques for its assessment and management include the development of business


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

plans and appropriate management oversight. The potential impact of the various elements of business risk is difficult to quantify with any degree of precision. We use a combination of historical earnings volatility, scenario analysis, stress-testing and management judgment to help assess the potential effect on State Street attributable to business risk. Management and control of business risks are generally the responsibility of the business units as part of their overall strategic planning and internal risk management processes.
Capital
The management of both our regulatory and our economic capital involves key metrics evaluated by management to assess whether our actual level of capital is commensurate with our risk profile, is in compliance with all applicable regulatory requirements, and is sufficient to provide us with the financial flexibility to undertake future strategic business initiatives. We assess capital based on relevant regulatory capital adequacy requirements, as well as our own internal capital targets.
Framework
Our objective with respect to management of capital is to maintain a strong capital base in order to provide financial flexibility for our business needs, including funding corporate growth and supporting clients’ cash management needs, and to provide protection against loss to depositors and creditors. We strive to maintain an appropriate level of capital, commensurate with our risk profile, on which an attractive return to shareholders is expected to be realized over both the short and long term, while protecting our obligations to depositors and creditors and complying with regulatory capital adequacy requirements. Our capital management process focuses on our risk exposures, the regulatory requirements applicable to us with respect to capital adequacy, the evaluations and resulting credit ratings of the major independent credit rating agencies, our return on capital at both the consolidated and line-of-business level, and our capital position relative to our peers.
Our evaluation of capital includes the comparison of capital sources with capital uses, as well as the consideration of the quality and quantity of the various components of capital, as two of several inputs in our overall assessment of our capital adequacy. The goals of the capital evaluation process are to determine the optimal level of capital and composition of capital instruments to satisfy all constituents of capital, with the lowest overall cost to shareholders. Other factors considered in our capital evaluation process are strategic and contingency planning, stress testing and planned capital actions.
Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment
Our primary federal banking regulator is the Federal Reserve. Both State Street and State Street Bank are subject to the minimum regulatory capital requirements established by the Federal Reserve and defined in the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, or FDICIA. State Street Bank must exceed the regulatory capital thresholds for “well capitalized” in order for our parent company to maintain its status as a financial holding company. Accordingly, our primary goal with respect to capital adequacy is to exceed all applicable minimum regulatory capital requirements and to be “well-capitalized” under the Prompt Corrective Action guidelines established by the FDIC. Our capital adequacy program includes our Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process, or ICAAP, and associated capital policies.
We consider capital adequacy to be a key element of our financial well-being, which affects our ability to attract and maintain client relationships; operate effectively in the global capital markets; and satisfy regulatory, security holder and shareholder needs. Capital is one of several elements that affect State Street’s debt ratings and the ratings of our principal subsidiaries.
In conformity with our capital policies, we strive to maintain adequate capital, not just at a point in time, but over time and during periods of stress, to account for changes in our strategic direction, evolving economic conditions, and financial and market volatility. We have developed and implemented a corporate-wide ICAAP to assess our overall capital and liquidity in relation to our risk profile and to provide a comprehensive strategy for maintaining appropriate capital and liquidity levels. The ICAAP considers material risks under multiple scenarios, with an emphasis on stress scenarios. The ICAAP builds on and leverages existing processes and systems used to measure our capital adequacy. Our ICAAP policy is reviewed and approved by the Board’s RCC.
Capital Contingency Planning
Contingency planning is an integral component of our capital management program. The objective of our contingency planning process is to monitor current and forecast levels of select measures that serve as preemptive indicators of a potentially adverse capital or liquidity adequacy situation. These measures are one of the inputs used to set our capital adequacy level. We review these measures annually for appropriateness and relevance in relation to our financial budget and capital plan.


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
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Stress Testing
We have a robust State Street-wide stress-testing program that executes multiple stress tests each year. Our stress testing program is structured around what we determine to be the key risks incurred by State Street. These key risks serve as an organizing principle for much of our risk management framework, as well as reporting, including the “risk dashboard” provided to the Board. Over the past few years, stress scenarios have included a deep recession in the U.S., a break-up of the Eurozone, and an oil shock precipitated by turmoil in the Middle East/North Africa region.
In connection with the focus on our key risks, each stress test incorporates idiosyncratic loss events tailored to State Street‘s unique risk profile. Due to the nature of our business model and our consolidated statement of condition, our risks differ from those of a traditional commercial bank.
The Federal Reserve requires bank holding companies with total consolidated assets of $50 billion or more, which includes State Street, to submit a capital plan on an annual basis. The Federal Reserve uses its annual CCAR process, which incorporates hypothetical financial and economic stress scenarios, to review those capital plans and assess whether banking organizations have capital planning processes that account for idiosyncratic risks and provide for sufficient capital to continue operations throughout times of economic and financial stress. As part of its CCAR process, the Federal Reserve assesses each organization’s capital adequacy, capital planning process, and plans to distribute capital, such as dividend payments or stock purchase programs. Management and Board risk committees review and approve CCAR results and assumptions before submission to the Federal Reserve.
Information about the Federal Reserve’s review of our capital plan for 2014, submitted in January 2014 in connection with the CCAR process, is provided under “Capital Actions” in this “Capital” section.
Governance
In order to support integrated decision making, we have identified three management elements to aid in the compatibility and coordination of our capital adequacy strategies and processes:
Risk Management - identification, measurement, monitoring and forecasting of different types of risk and their combined impact on capital adequacy;
Capital Management - determination of optimal capital and liquidity levels; and
Business Management - strategic planning, budgeting, forecasting, and performance management.
We have a hierarchical structure supporting appropriate committee review of relevant risk and capital information. The ongoing responsibility for capital management rests with our Treasurer. The Capital Planning group within Global Treasury is responsible for capital policies, development of the capital plan, the management of global capital, capital optimization, and business unit capital management.
ALCCO has oversight of our management of regulatory capital, capital adequacy with respect to regulatory requirements, internal targets and the expectations of the major independent credit rating agencies. ALCCO’s roles and responsibilities are designed to work complementary to and coordinated with the MRAC, which approves State Street’s balance sheet strategy and related activities. The Board’s RCC assists the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities related to the assessment and management of risk and capital.
Regulatory Capital
Our objective with respect to regulatory capital management is to maintain a strong capital base in order to provide financial flexibility for our business needs, including funding corporate growth and supporting clients’ cash management needs, and to provide protection against loss to depositors and creditors. We strive to maintain an appropriate level of capital, commensurate with our risk profile, on which an attractive return to shareholders is expected to be realized over both the short and long term, while protecting our obligations to depositors and creditors and complying with regulatory capital adequacy requirements. Our capital management process focuses on our risk exposures, our regulatory capital requirements, the evaluations of the major independent credit rating agencies that assign ratings to our public debt and our capital position relative to our peers.
Additional information about our capital management process is provided under “Financial Condition—Capital” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis included in our 2012 Form 10-K.
The following table presentstables present regulatory capital ratios, the components of tier 1, tier 2 and total capital, and the related components of capital and total risk-weighted assets, for State Street and State Street Bank as of the dates indicated. As of indicated:

 Currently Applicable Regulatory Guidelines State Street State Street Bank
 Minimum 
Well
Capitalized
 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio4% 6% 18.3% 17.3% 17.3% 16.4%
Total risk-based capital ratio8
 10
 21.0
 19.7
 19.6
 19.0
Tier 1 leverage ratio(1)
4
 5
 7.4
 6.9
 6.9
 6.4
(1) September 30, 2013,Regulatory guideline for “well capitalized” applies only to State Street and State Street Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject, and regulatory capital ratios for State Street and State Street Bank exceeded the currently applicable regulatory minimum and “well capitalized” thresholds.Bank.


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

 
Currently Applicable Regulatory Guidelines(1)
 State Street State Street Bank
(Dollars in millions)Minimum 
Well
Capitalized
 September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012 September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012
Risk-based ratios:           
Tier 1 capital4% 6% 17.3% 19.1% 16.1% 17.3%
Total capital8
 10
 19.8
 20.6
 18.8
 19.1
Tier 1 leverage ratio4
 5
 7.2
 7.1
 6.5
 6.3
Tier 1 capital    $13,911
 $13,760
 $12,419
 $12,044
Total capital    15,919
 14,829
 14,515
 13,306
Adjusted risk-weighted assets and market risk equivalent assets:           
On-balance sheet assets    63,426
 58,238
 60,376
 55,949
Off-balance sheet equivalent assets    15,696
 13,155
 15,703
 13,144
Market risk equivalent assets    1,240
 519
 1,240
 445
     Total risk-weighted assets    $80,362
 $71,912
 $77,319
 $69,538
Adjusted quarterly average assets    $193,436
 $192,817
 $189,935
 $189,780
 State Street State Street Bank
(In millions)March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Tier 1 capital(1):
       
Total common shareholders' equity$20,040
 $19,887
 $20,024
 $19,755
Preferred stock1,233
 491
 
 
Trust preferred capital securities(2)
475
 950
 
 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities(3)
(6,122) (7,743) (5,838) (7,341)
Other(139) 310
 (63) 304
Tier 1 capital15,487
 13,895
 14,123
 12,718
Tier 2 capital(1):
       
Qualifying subordinated debt1,738
 1,918
 1,755
 1,936
Trust preferred capital securities(2)
475
 
 
 
Allowances for on- and off-balance sheet credit exposures and other50
 48
 48
 45
Tier 2 capital2,263
 1,966
 1,803
 1,981
Deduction for investments in finance subsidiaries
 (74) 
 
Total capital(1)
$17,750
 $15,787
 $15,926
 $14,699
Total risk-weighted assets(4):
       
On-balance sheet assets:       
Cash and interest-bearing assets$2,362
 $2,175
 $2,191
 $1,979
Investment securities34,134
 34,000
 33,435
 33,514
Loans and leases15,754
 13,201
 15,807
 13,257
Interest, fees and other receivables2,746
 2,951
 2,111
 2,332
Other assets9,835
 7,950
 8,183
 6,517
Total on-balance sheet assets64,831
 60,277
 61,727
 57,599
Off-balance sheet equivalent assets:       
Guarantees and unfunded commitments to extend credit10,989
 10,125
 10,989
 10,125
Foreign exchange derivative contracts4,167
 5,282
 4,167
 5,302
Standby letters of credit and asset purchase agreements3,011
 2,995
 3,011
 2,995
Other315
 185
 173
 176
Total off-balance sheet equivalent assets18,482
 18,587
 18,340
 18,598
Market risk equivalent assets1,381
 1,262
 1,381
 1,262
Total risk-weighted assets$84,694
 $80,126
 $81,448

$77,459
Adjusted quarterly average assets$209,021
 $202,801
 $205,409
 $199,301
   
(1) The provisions of the Basel III final rule (refer to “Basel Capital Framework”) affecting the calculation of capital were effective, with related phase-in provisions, on January 1, 2014; accordingly, as of March 31, 2014, amounts for State Street and State Street Bank must complywere calculated in conformity with the regulatory guidelineprovisions of the Basel III final rule.
(2) As of March 31, 2014, amount reflected the phase-out of 50% of trust preferred capital securities from tier 1 capital and inclusion of the same amount in tier 2 capital, in conformity with the Basel III final rule.
(3) As of March 31, 2014, amounts for “well capitalized”State Street and State Street Bank were composed of goodwill, net of associated deferred tax liabilities, and 20% of other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities, the latter phased in order for the parent company to maintain its status as a financial holding company, including maintaining a minimum tier 1 risk-baseddeduction from capital, ratio of in conformity with the Basel III final rule.
(4) 6%, a minimum total risk-based capital ratio of 10%, and a minimum tier 1 leverage ratio of 5%. The “well capitalized” guideline requiresAmounts for State Street to maintain a minimum tier 1 risk-based capital ratioand State Street Bank for all periods presented were calculated in conformity with the provisions of Basel I.6% and a minimum total risk-based capital ratio


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, State Street's and State Street Bank's tier 1 risk-based and total risk-basedregulatory capital ratios declinedincreased compared to December 31, 2012,2013, primarily the result of increaseshigher capital, partly offset by an increase in total risk-weighted assets.
The increases in State Street's tier 1 and total capital inwere the same comparison increased slightly, asresult of the first-quarter 2014 issuance of preferred stock, the impact of the phase-in provisions of the Basel III final rule related to other intangible assets and the positive effect of net income, and other comprehensive income was partly offset by declarations of common and preferred stock dividends and purchases by us of our common stock and declarations of common stock dividends in the first nine months of 2013.stock. The increases in State Street's and State Street Bank's total capital in the same comparison were primarily the result of the May 2013 issuance of $1 billion of subordinated debt, which qualifies as tier 2 capital. The increasesincrease in total risk-weighted assets for both entities as of September 30, 2013 compared to December 31, 2012 werewas primarily associated with higher on-balance sheet assets, mainly due to higher levels of loans and other assets, as well as anassets.
The increase in off-balance sheet equivalent assets, mainly associated with an increase in exposure associated with our participation in principal securities finance transactions. The increases in the tier 1 leverage ratios for both entities as of September 30, 2013 compared to December 31, 2012ratio mainly resulted from the increasesabove-described increase in tier 1 capital, partly offset by slight increasesan increase in adjusted quarterly average assets asassociated with balance sheet levels remained elevatedgrowth during the first quarter of 2014.
As of March 31, 2014, State Street Bank's regulatory capital ratios increased compared to December 31, 2013, primarily the result of higher capital, partly offset by an increase in 2013.total risk-weighted assets.
State Street Bank's tier 1 and total capital increased, the result of the above-described phase-in provisions of the Basel III final rule related to other intangible assets and the positive effect of net income, partly offset by the payment of dividends by State Street Bank to our parent company. The increase in total risk-weighted assets was the result of the above-mentioned changes in on-balance sheet assets.
The increase in the tier 1 leverage ratio resulted from the above-described increase in tier 1 capital, partly offset by an increase in adjusted quarterly average assets associated with balance sheet growth during the first quarter of 2014.
Capital Actions
Preferred Stock
In February 2014, we issued 30 million depositary shares, each representing a 1/4,000th ownership interest in a share of State Street’s fixed-to-floating-rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series D, without par value, with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share), in a public offering. The aggregate proceeds from the offering, net of underwriting discounts, commissions and other issuance costs, were approximately $742 million.
In the first quarter of 2014, we declared aggregate dividends on our non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series C (represented by depositary
shares, each representing a 1/4,000th ownership interest in a share of State Street’s non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series C) of $1,313 per share, or approximately $0.33 per depositary share, totaling approximately $6 million. In the first quarter of 2013, dividends on our perpetual preferred stock, Series C, totaled approximately $7 million.
Common Stock
In March 2014, we received the third quarterresults of 2013, under a program approved bythe Federal Reserve's review of our 2014 capital plan in connection with its annual CCAR process. The Federal Reserve did not object to the capital actions we proposed, and, in March 2014, our Board approved a new common stock purchase program authorizing the purchase of Directors in March 2013 which authorizes us to purchase up to $2.101.70 billion of our common stock through March 31, 2015. We did not purchase any of our common stock under the new program in the first quarter of 2014.
In the first quarter of 2014,, we purchasedcompleted the $2.10 billion program authorized by the Board in March 2013 by purchasing approximately 8.26.1 million shares of our common stock, at an average costprice of $68.57$69.14 per share and an aggregate cost of approximately $560 million. From April 1, 2013 through September 30, 2013, we purchased approximately 16.7 million shares of our common stock under this program at an average per-share and aggregate cost of $67.12 and $1.12 billion, respectively. As of September 30, 2013, approximately $980 million remained available for purchases of our common stock under the March 2013 program.$420 million.
In each of the first quarter of 2013, we completed a $1.80 billion program, authorized by the Board in March 2012, with our purchase of 6.5 million shares at an average per-share and aggregate cost of $54.952014 and approximatelythe first quarter of $360 million, respectively.
In the first nine months of 2013, under the March 2013 and March 2012 programs, we purchased in the aggregate approximately 23.2 million shares of our common stock at an average per-share cost of $63.69 and an aggregate cost of approximately $1.48 billion.
In the third quarter of 2013, we declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $$0.26 per share, totaling approximately $115112 million, which was paid and $118 million, respectively. Our 2014 capital plan includes a proposed increase in October2013. In the first nine months of 2013, we declared aggregateour second-quarter 2014 common stock dividends of $0.78dividend to $0.30 per share, totaling approximately $350 million, comparedsubject to aggregate common stockconsideration and approval by the Board at its scheduled meeting in May.
Federal and state banking regulations place certain restrictions on dividends of $0.72 per share, totaling approximately $346 million, declaredpaid by subsidiary banks to the parent holding company. In addition, banking regulators have the authority to prohibit bank holding companies from paying dividends. Information concerning limitations on dividends from our subsidiary banks is provided in “Related Stockholder Matters” included under Item 5, and in note 15 to the consolidated financial statements, included in our 2013 Form 10-K.
Basel Capital Framework
Overview
We are currently subject to the applicable minimum regulatory capital ratio requirements enforced by U.S. banking regulators, referred to as Basel I. Basel I was developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, or Basel Committee, in 1988.
In July 2013, U.S. banking regulators jointly issued a final rule implementing the Basel III framework in the first nine months of 2012.U.S., referred to as the Basel III final


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Preferred Stock
rule. The provisions of Basel III are more fully described under “Basel III” below.
The Basel III final rule will become effective under a transition timetable which began on January 1, 2014. As of that date, our calculations of our tier 1 capital and total capital are governed by the provisions of the Basel III final rule, while our calculation of our total risk-weighted assets continues to be governed by the provisions of Basel I. The provisions of the Basel III final rule will supersede or modify corresponding elements of the Basel I- and Basel II-related capital requirements and prompt corrective action framework. The timing of application of certain provisions of the Basel III final rule is dependent on banking organizations' completion of the required qualification period.
On February 21, 2014, we were notified by the Federal Reserve that we have completed our qualification period and will be required to begin using the advanced approaches framework provided in the Basel III final rule in the determination of our risk-based capital requirements. Pursuant to this notification, we will use the advanced approaches framework to calculate and publicly disclose our risk-based capital ratios beginning with the second quarter of 2014. In 2014, under the third quarter of 2013,Basel III final rule, we declared a quarterly dividend on our non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series C, of $1,312.50 per share, or approximately $0.33 per depositary share (represented by depositary shares, each representing a 1/4,000th ownership interest in a share of State Street’s non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series C), totaling approximately $7 million. Inwill be subject to the first nine months of 2013, we declared aggregate dividends on our perpetual preferred stock, Series C, of $3,937.50 per share, or approximately $0.98 per depositary share, totaling approximately $20 million. Inminimum risk-based capital ratios under both the third quarteradvanced approaches and first nine months of 2012, dividends on our perpetual preferred stock, Series C, totaled approximately $8 million. In the third quartergenerally applicable risk-based capital frameworks in Basel III and first nine months of 2012, we declared dividends on our non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series A, totaling approximately $7 million and $21 million, respectively. We redeemed our perpetual preferred stock, Series A, in the fourth quarter of 2012.
Basel Capital Framework
The currently applicable minimum regulatory capital requirements enforced by U.S. banking regulators are based on a 1988 international accord, commonly referred to as Basel I, which was developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, or Basel Committee.
Basel II Framework
In 2004, the Basel Committee released an enhanced capital adequacy framework, referred to as Basel II. Basel II requires large and internationally active banking organizations, such as State Street, which generally rely on sophisticated risk management and measurement systems, to better align the use of those systems with their determination of regulatory capital requirements. Basel II adopts a three-pillar framework for addressing capital adequacy and minimum capital requirements, which incorporates Pillar 1, the measurement of credit risk, market risk and operational risk; Pillar 2, supervisory review, which addresses the need for a banking organization to assess its capital adequacy relative to the risks underlying its business activities, rather than only with respect to its minimum regulatory capital requirements; and Pillar 3, market discipline, which imposes public disclosure requirements on a banking organization intended to allowrespectively, in the assessment of key information about the organization's risk profile and its associated level ofour capital adequacy for regulatory capital.purposes.
In 2007, U.S. banking regulators jointly issued final rules to implement the Basel II framework in the U.S. The framework does not supersede or change the existing prompt corrective action and leverage capital requirements applicable to banking organizations in the U.S., and explicitly reserves the regulators' authority to require organizations to hold additional capital where appropriate. Prior to full implementation of the Basel II framework, State Street is required to complete a defined qualification period, during which it must demonstrate that it complies with the related regulatory requirements to the satisfaction of the Federal Reserve. State Street entered its qualification period in 2010.
Basel III Framework
In 2010, in response to the financial crisis and ongoing global financial market dynamics, the Basel Committee proposed two significant reforms to the Basel II capital framework. The first reform was composed of changes to the market risk capital framework associated with Basel I, and was referred to as Basel 2.5; the second reform was composed of comprehensive revisions and enhancements to Basel II, which became known as Basel III.
Market Risk Capital Rule
The Basel Committee introduced significant changes to the then-existing market risk capital framework, aimed at addressing certain issues in that framework highlighted by the 2008 financial crisis. U.S. banking regulators introduced their version of this so-called Basel 2.5, in the form of a proposed new market risk capital rule, in 2011, which included the concept of an incremental risk capital requirement to capture default and credit-quality migration risk for non-securitization credit products. Other revisions placed additional prudential requirements on banking organizations’ internal models for measuring market risk and required enhanced qualitative and quantitative disclosures, particularly with respect to banking organizations’ securitization activities.
In August 2012, U.S. banking regulators jointly issued a final market risk capital rule to implement the new market risk capital framework in the U.S. The new market risk capital rule, which was effective beginning on January 1, 2013, supplements Basel I and Basel II, and replaces the prior market risk capital framework under Basel I and Basel II in place since 1998, by requiring banking organizations with significant trading activities, as defined in the rule, to adjust their regulatory risk-based capital ratios to reflect the market risk inherent in their trading activities. Among other things, the final rule requires the use of internal models to calculate daily measures of Value-at-Risk, or VaR, that reflect general market risk for certain trading positions defined as “covered positions,” as well as stressed VaR-based measures to supplement the VaR-based measures.
Our adoption of the new market risk capital rule on January 1, 2013 did not significantly affect our or State Street Bank's

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

risk-based capital ratios, although it did modestly increase our market risk equivalent assets. The disclosures required by the new rule are provided under “Financial Condition - Market Risk - Trading Activities” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis. Market risk equivalent assets are disclosed in the foregoing "Regulatory Capital" portion of this "Capital" section.
Basel III
Basel III proposed to establish more stringent regulatory capital and liquidity requirements, including higher minimum regulatory capital ratios, new capital buffers, higher risk-weighted asset calibrations, more restrictive definitions of qualifying capital, a liquidity coverage ratio and a net stable funding ratio.
In June 2012, U.S. banking regulators introduced Basel III by issuing proposed revisions to the existing Basel II framework. These proposals were intended to incorporate the above-described revisions and enhancements proposed by the Basel Committee, and implement relevant provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or Dodd-Frank Act, in order to restructure the U.S. capital rules into a harmonized, codified regulatory capital framework.
In July 2013, U.S. banking regulators jointly issued a final rule implementing the Basel III framework in the U.S. Among other things, the final rule raises the minimum tier 1 risk-based capital ratio from 4% to 6%, adds requirements for a minimum common equity tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5% and a minimum supplementary tier 1 leverage ratio of 3% for so-called "advanced approaches" banking organizations (described below), and implements a capital conservation buffer and a countercyclical capital buffer linked to a banking organization's capital levels. The Basel III final rule also incorporates the new market risk capital rule to create a single and comprehensive capital adequacy framework.
Under the Basel III final rule, a banking organization wouldwill be able to make capital distributions, subject to other regulatory constraints, such as the review of capital plans, and discretionary bonus payments without specified limitations as long as it maintains thea required capital conservation buffer of 2.5% over each of the minimum tier 1 and total risk-based capital ratios and the common equity tier 1 capital ratio (plus any potentially applicable countercyclical capital buffer). Banking regulators wouldwill establish the minimum countercyclical capital buffer, which is initially set by banking regulators at zero, up to a maximum of 2.5% above the minimum ratios inclusive of the capital conservation buffer, under certain economic conditions.
As of January 1, 2019, the date that full implementation is required, and assuming no countercyclical buffer, the minimum Basel III capital ratios, including the capital conservation buffer, will be 8.5% for tier 1 risk-based capital, 10.5% for total risk-based capital, and 7% for common equity tier 1 capital, 8.5% for tier 1 risk-based capital and 10.5% for total risk-based
capital, in order for State Streetus to make capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments without limitation. EachThe denominator of each of these Basel III ratios is calculated differently under the Basel III final rule than those similar ratios calculated under Basel I, and therefore these Basel III ratios are not directly comparable with the Basel I ratios presented in the foregoing table at the beginning of this "Regulatory Capital"preceding “Regulatory Capital” section.
The Basel III final rule provides for two frameworks: the "standardized"“standardized” approach, intended to replace Basel I, and the "advanced"“advanced” approach, applicable to advanced approaches banking organizations, like State Street, as originally defined under Basel II. Once phased in,The calculation of risk-weighted assets under the Basel III final rule will change the manner in which our regulatory capital ratios are calculated, will reduce our calculated regulatory capital, and, as noted above, will increase the minimum regulatory capital that we will be required to maintain. Under the Basel III final rule, we will be subject to the lower of our regulatory capital ratios calculated under the standardized approach and those calculated under the advanced approach in the assessment of our capital adequacy under the prompt corrective action framework.
Provisions of the Basel III final rule will become effective under a transition timetable which begins on January 1, 2014. These provisions will supersede or modify corresponding elements of the Basel I and Basel II risk-based and leverage capital requirements and prompt corrective action framework.2015. The requirement for the capital conservation buffer will be phased in beginning on January 1, 2016, with full implementation by January 1, 2019.
The timing of application ofOnce the provisions of the Basel III final rule related toare fully implemented effective January 1, 2015, the calculationmore stringent of risk-weighted assetsthe Basel III tier I common ratio calculated by us under the Basel III advanced approach and the standardized approach will depend on State Street's completionapply in the assessment of a required qualification period, but will in no case occur earlier than January 1, 2014. During its qualification period, State Street must demonstrate that it complies with the relatedour capital adequacy for regulatory purposes.
The provisions of Basel III requirements to the satisfactionsupersede or modify corresponding elements of the Federal Reserve.Basel I and Basel II risk-based and leverage capital requirements and the prompt corrective action provisions of FDICIA.
Estimated Basel III Tier 1 Common Ratio
As described above, the Basel III final rule adds a requirement for a minimum common equity tier 1 capital ratio, or tier 1 common ratio. The tier 1 common ratio is a measurement of capital representingcalculated by dividing tier 1 capital, reduced by the deduction of "non-commonnon-common elements" such as trust preferred capital securities and preferred stock, divided by total risk-weighted assets. The tier 1 common ratio is not formally required under Basel 1, although it is used by regulators and by management to monitor and assess State Street's capital position, both individually and relative to other financial institutions, and management believes it may be of interest to investors.
The following table presents State Street'sour tier 1 common ratio as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, calculated using Basel I standards,currently applicable regulatory requirements, and our estimated tier 1 common ratios as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, calculated in conformity with the Basel III final rule under both the standardized approach and the advanced approach. These estimated Basel III tier 1 common ratios are preliminary estimates, calculated in conformity with the advanced and standardized approaches in the Basel III final rule, based on our present interpretations of the Basel III final rule. As indicated above, under the Basel III final rule, the more stringent of the Basel III tier 1 common ratios calculated by us under the standardized and advanced approaches will apply in the assessment of our capital adequacy under the prompt corrective action provisions of FDICIA as of January 1, 2015.


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preliminary, reflect tier 1 common equity calculated under the Basel III final rule as applicable on its January 1, 2014 effective date, and are based on our present interpretations, expectations and understanding of the Basel III final rule, as we currently understand the final rule's impact. As indicated above, under the Basel III final rule, we will be subject to the lower of our tier 1 common ratio calculated under the standardized approach and such ratio calculated under the advanced approach in the assessment of our capital adequacy under the prompt corrective action framework.
September 30, 2013 
Currently Applicable Regulatory Requirements(1)
 
Basel III Final Rule Standardized Approach (Estimated)(2)
 
Basel III Final Rule Advanced Approach (Estimated)(2)
March 31, 2014 
Currently Applicable Regulatory Requirements(1)
 
Basel III Final Rule Standardized Approach (Estimated)(2)
 
Basel III Final Rule Advanced Approach (Estimated)(2)
(Dollars in millions) 
Currently Applicable Regulatory Requirements(1)
 
Basel III Final Rule Standardized Approach (Estimated)(2)
 
Basel III Final Rule Advanced Approach (Estimated)(2)
 
Tier 1 capital  $15,487
 $15,487
 $15,487
Less:            
Trust preferred capital securities 950
 475
 475
 475
 475
 475
Preferred stock 490
 490
 490
 1,233
 1,233
 1,233
Plus:      
Other 
 56
 56
Plus: Other 145
 145
 145
Tier 1 common capital 12,471
 12,290
 12,290
 $13,924
 $13,924
 $13,924
Total risk-weighted assets
 80,362
 120,454
 108,954
 $84,694
 $124,783
 $105,729
Tier 1 common ratio 15.5% 10.2% 11.3% 16.4% 11.2% 13.2%
Minimum tier 1 common ratio requirement, assuming full implementation on January 1, 2019   4.5% 4.5%   4.5
 4.5
Capital conservation buffer, assuming full implementation on January 1, 2019   2.5
 2.5
   2.5
 2.5
Minimum tier 1 common ratio requirement, including capital conservation buffer, assuming full implementation on January 1, 2019(3)
   7.0
 7.0
   7.0
 7.0
   
(1) Using Basel I standards, theThe tier 1 common ratio was calculated by dividing (a)common equity tier 1 risk-based capital, calculated in conformity with the provisions of the Basel I, less non-common elements including qualifying trust preferred capital securities and qualifying perpetual preferred stock, or tier 1 common capital,III final rule, by (b) total risk-weighted assets, calculated in conformity with the provisions of Basel I.
(2) As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, for purposes of the calculations completed in conformity with the Basel III final rule, capital and total risk-weighted assets under both the standardized approach and the advanced approach were calculated using ourState Street's estimates, based on the provisions of theBasel III final rule expected to affect capital in 2014.rule. The tier 1 common ratio was calculated by dividing (a) tier 1 common capital, as described in footnote (1), but with tier 1 risk-based capital, calculated in conformity with the provisions of the Basel III final rule, by (b) total risk-weighted assets, calculated in conformity with the provisions of the Basel III final rule. These estimated Basel III tier 1 common ratios are preliminary, reflect tier 1 common equity calculated under the Basel III final rule as applicable on its January 1, 2014 effective date, and are based on our present interpretations expectations and understanding of the final rule, as we currently understand the final rule's impact.
• Under both the standardized and advanced approaches, tier 1 risk-based capital decreased by $712 million, as a result of applying the estimated effect of the Basel III final rule to Basel I tier 1 risk-based capital of $13.911 billion as of September 30, 2013.rule.
• Under both the standardized and advanced approaches, estimated tier 1 common capital used in the calculation of the tier 1 common ratio was $12.290 billion, reflecting the adjustments to Basel I tier 1 risk-based capital described in the first bullet above. Tier 1 common capital used in the calculation was therefore calculated as adjusted tier 1 risk-based capital of $13.199 billion less non-common elements of capital, composed of trust preferred capital securities of $475 million, preferred stock of $490 million, and other adjustments of $56 million as of September 30, 2013, resulting in estimated tier 1 common capital of $12.290 billion. As of September 30, 2013, there was no qualifying minority interest in subsidiaries.
Under the standardized approach, total risk-weighted assets used in the calculation of the estimated tier 1 common ratio increased by $40.09240.09 billion as a result of applying the provisions of the Basel III final rule to Basel I total risk-weighted assets of $80.362$84.69 billion as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014. Under the advanced approach, total risk-weighted assets used in the calculation of the estimated tier 1 common ratio increased by $28.59221.04 billion as a result of applying the provisions of the final rule to Basel I total risk-weighted assets of $80.362$84.69 billion as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014.
The primary differences between total risk-weighted assets under Basel I and total risk-weighted assets under the Basel III final rule include the following: under Basel I, credit risk is quantified using pre-determined risk weights and asset classes, and in part, uses external credit ratings, while the Basel III final rule, specifically the standardized and advanced approaches, introduces a broader range of pre-determined risk weights and asset classes, uses certain alternatives to external credit ratings, includes additional adjustments for operational risk (under the advanced approach) and counterparty credit risk, and revises the treatment of equity exposures. In particular, asset

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securitization exposures receive higher risk weights under both the standardized and advanced approaches in the Basel III final rule compared to Basel I.
(3) The minimum tier 1 common ratio requirement does not reflect the countercyclical capital buffer under the Basel III final rule, or the capital buffer for global systemically important banks prescribed by the Basel Committee (refer to "Systemically“Systemically Important Banks" below)Banks”); such countercyclical capital buffer, which is initially set at zero, would be established by banking regulators under certain economic conditions, and U.S. banking regulators have not yet issued a proposal to implement the prescribed capital buffer for systemically important financial institutions.
The estimated Basel III tier 1 common ratio as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 presented above, calculated under the advanced approach in conformity with the Basel III final rule, reflects calculations and determinations with respect to our capital and related matters as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, based on State Street and external data, quantitative formulae, statistical models, historical correlations and assumptions, collectively referred to as “advanced systems,” in effect and used by State Street for those purposes as of the time we filed this Form 10-Q. Significant components of these advanced systems involve the exercise of judgment by us and our regulators, and our advanced systems may not accurately represent or calculate the scenarios, circumstances, outputs or other results for which they are designed or intended.
Due to the influence of changes in these advanced systems, whether resulting from changes in data inputs, regulation or regulatory supervision or
interpretation, State Street-specific or market activities or experiences or other updates or factors, we expect that our advanced systems and our capital ratios calculated in conformity with the Basel III final rule will change and may be volatile over time, and that those latter changes or volatility could be material as calculated and measured from period to period.
Impact of Basel III Final Rule
Our current assessment of the implications of the Basel III final rule indicates a potential impact which could be material to our businesses and our profitability, as well as to our regulatory capital ratios. One significant provision in the final rule would require us to apply the “Simplified Supervisory Formula Approach,” referred to as the SSFA, in the risk-weighting of asset securitization exposures, such as asset-backed securities, carried in our investment securities portfolio. The approach required by Basel II utilizes the ratings-based approach, under which external credit ratings are used to risk-weight such exposures. The Dodd-Frank Act prohibits the use of external credit ratings in the risk-weighting of asset securitization exposures. Currently, our investment portfolio contains significant holdings of mortgage- and asset-backed securities that are highly rated by credit rating agencies, but for which the SSFA would apply higher regulatory risk weights compared to the approach required by Basel I and Basel II. In contrast, certain of our securities with lower credit ratings would receive lower regulatory risk weights if the SSFA were applied.
Based on the composition of our investment portfolio with respect to the types of securities and related external credit ratings as of September 30, 2013, our application of the SSFA would materially increase our total regulatory risk-weighted assets relative to those calculated in conformity with Basel I, and correspondingly decrease our regulatory risk-based capital ratios relative to those calculated in conformity with Basel I; as a result, we are re-evaluating the composition of our investment portfolio in order to maintain an investment strategy appropriately aligned with our maintenance of an appropriate level of regulatory capital.  Depending on future market conditions, this re-evaluation could result in the reinvestment of our portfolio securities into different types of investments, which could materially affect our consolidated results of operations by reducing our net interest revenue.
Certain of the provisions in the Basel III final rule, including the requirement to apply the SSFA, will become effective beginning on January 1, 2014, although certain provisions will be implemented, in whole or in part, in later periods. The provisions of the SSFA discussed above related to the standardized approach become effective beginning on January 1, 2015. As such, a significant number of the securities currently held in our investment portfolio that are highly rated by credit agencies are expected to mature or pay down over the intervening period, and we would currently anticipate replacing those securities pursuant to our reinvestment program in a manner that would seek to manage our risk appetite, our return objectives and our levels of regulatory capital. As a result of our balance sheet management efforts, all else being equal, we would anticipate being able, prior to January 1, 2015, to significantly offset the impact of application of the SSFA on our total regulatory risk-weighted assets and our regulatory risk-based capital ratios.
In addition, the qualification of trust preferred capital securities as tier 1 capital will be phased out over a two-year period beginning on January 1, 2014 and ending on January 1, 2016, and subsequently, the qualification of these securities as tier 2 capital will be phased out over multi-year transition period beginning on January 1, 2016. We had trust preferred capital securities of $950 million outstanding as of September 30, 2013.
There remains considerable uncertainty with respect to multiple provisions of the Basel III final rule, and the timing and manner in which they will be applied to us. In particular, the timing under which we will complete our required qualification period, as determined by the Federal Reserve, and our transition to the calculation of risk-based capital ratios that incorporate the advanced approach, remain uncertain. Models implemented under the Basel III final rule, particularly those implementing

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the advanced approach, remain subject to regulatory review and approval. The full effects of the Basel III final rule on State Street and State Street Bank are therefore subject to further evaluation and also to further regulatory guidance, action or rule-making. In general, we expect to be held to the most stringent of the various provisions in the Basel III final rule; however, we anticipate that we will be able to comply with the relevant Basel III regulatory capital and liquidity requirements when and as applied to us.


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Supplementary Leverage RatioRisk Management
General
In the normal course of our global business activities, we are exposed to a variety of risks, some inherent in the financial services industry, others more specific to our business activities. State Street’s risk management framework focuses on material risks, which include the following:
credit and counterparty risk;
liquidity risk, funding and management;
operational risk, including execution, technology, business practice and fiduciary risks;
market risk, including market risk associated with our trading activities and market risk associated with our non-trading, or asset-and-liability management, activities, the latter of which is primarily composed of interest-rate risk;
model risk; and
business risk, including reputational risk.
These material risks, as well as certain of the factors underlying each of these risks that could affect our businesses, our consolidated results of operations and our consolidated financial condition, are discussed in detail under Item 1A, ���Risk Factors,” included in our 2013 Form 10-K.
The scope of our business requires that we balance these risks with a comprehensive and well-integrated risk management function. The identification, assessment, monitoring, mitigation and reporting of risks are essential to our financial performance and successful management of our businesses. These risks, if not effectively managed, can result in current losses to State Street as well as erosion of our capital and damage to our reputation. Our systematic approach allows for an assessment of risks within a framework for evaluating opportunities for the prudent use of capital that appropriately balances risk and return.
Our objective is to optimize our return and to operate at a prudent level of risk. In support of this objective, we have instituted a risk appetite framework that aligns our business strategy and financial objectives with the level of risk that we are willing to incur.
Our risk management is based on the following major principles:
A culture of risk awareness that extends across all of our business activities;
The identification, classification and quantification of State Street's material risks;
The establishment of our risk appetite and associated limits and policies, and our compliance with these limits;
The establishment of a risk management structure at the “top of the house” that enables the control and coordination of risk-taking across the business lines;
The implementation of stress testing practices and a dynamic risk-assessment capability; and
The overall flexibility to adapt to the ever-changing business and market conditions.
Our Risk Appetite Statement outlines the quantitative limits and qualitative goals that define our risk appetite, as well as the responsibilities for measuring and monitoring risk against limits, and for reporting, escalating, approving and addressing exceptions. The Risk Appetite Statement is established by management with the guidance of Enterprise Risk Management, or ERM, a corporate risk oversight group, in conjunction with our Board of Directors. The Board formally reviews and approves our Risk Appetite Statement annually.
The Risk Appetite Statement describes the level and types of risk that we are willing to accommodate in executing our business strategy, and also serves as a guide in setting risk limits across our business units. In addition to our Risk Appetite Statement, we use stress testing as another important tool in our risk management practice. Additional information with respect to our stress-testing process and practices is


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provided under “Capital” in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis.
The following table provides a reference to the disclosures about our management of significant risks provided herein.
Risk Governance and Structure
We have a disciplined approach to risk management that involves all levels of management, from the Board and the Board’s Risk and Capital Committee, or RCC, and its Examining & Audit, or E&A, Committee, to each business unit and each employee. We allocate responsibility for risk oversight so that risk/return decisions are made at an appropriate level, and are subject to robust and effective review and challenge. Risk management is the responsibility of each employee, and is implemented through three lines of defense: the business units, which own and manage the risks inherent in their business; ERM, which provides separate oversight, monitoring and control; and
Corporate Audit, which assesses the effectiveness of the first two lines of defense.
The responsibilities for effective review and challenge reside with senior managers, oversight committees, Corporate Audit, the Board's RCC and, ultimately, the Board. While we believe that our risk management program is effective in managing the risks in our businesses, internal and external factors may create risks that cannot always be identified or anticipated.
Corporate-level risk committees provide focused oversight, and establish corporate standards and policies for specific risks, including credit, sovereign exposure, new business products, regulatory compliance and ethics, as well as operational, market, liquidity and model risks. These committees have been delegated the responsibility to develop recommendations and remediation strategies to address issues that affect or have the potential to affect State Street.
We maintain a risk governance committee structure which serves as the formal governance mechanism through which we seek to undertake the consistent identification, discussion and management of various risks facing State Street in connection with its business activities. This governance structure is enhanced and integrated through multi-disciplinary involvement, particularly through ERM. The following chart presents this structure.


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RISK GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE STRUCTURE
Board OversightRisk and Capital Committee of the Board of Directors (RCC)Examining & Audit Committee of the Board of Directors (E&A)
Senior Management OversightManagement Risk and Capital Committee (MRAC)
Business Conduct Review Committee
(BCRC)

Technology and Operational Risk Committee (TORC)
Risk Committees
Asset, Liability and Capital Committee (ALCCO)Credit Risk and Policy CommitteeCountry Risk CommitteeTrading and Markets Risk Committee (TMRC)Securities Finance Risk Management Committee
Model Assessment Committee
(MAC)
Basel ICAAP Oversight Committee
(BIOC)
Mandate
Oversight of interest rate risk, liquidity risk and capital adequacy

Oversight of credit and counterparty risk
Oversight of country risk and international exposure

Senior risk committee governing all global markets trading activities
Oversight of Securities Finance and collateral reinvestment activities

Oversight of model deployment
Oversight of Basel II and Basel III program

CCAR Steering Committee(1)
Recovery and Resolution Planning Executive Steering GroupNew Business and Product CommitteeCompliance and Ethics CommitteeFiduciary Review CommitteeOperational
Risk Committee
(ORC)
Technology Risk Governance Committee
MandateOversight of CCAR stress-testing programOversight of process for development of recovery and resolution plansOversight of evaluation of risk inherent in new products and services and new businessOversight of compliance programs including employee ethics standardsOversight of corporate-wide fiduciary riskOversight of corporate-wide operational riskOversight of corporate-wide technology risk
(1) Oversees the submission of capital plans in connection with the Federal Reserve's annual Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review, or CCAR, process.

ERM provides risk oversight, support and coordination to allow for the consistent identification, measurement and management of risks across business units separate from the business units' activities, and is responsible for the formulation and maintenance of enterprise-wide risk management policies and guidelines. In addition, ERM establishes and reviews approved limits and, in collaboration with business unit management, monitors key risks. Ultimately, ERM works to validate that risk-taking falls within our risk appetite approved by the Board and conforms to associated risk policies, limits and guidelines.
The Chief Risk Officer, or CRO, who is responsible for State Street’s risk management globally, leads ERM and has a dual reporting line to State Street’s Chief Executive Officer and the Board’s
RCC. ERM discharges its responsibilities globally through a three-dimensional organization structure:
“Vertical” business unit-aligned risk groups that assist business managers with risk management, measurement and monitoring activities;
“Horizontal” risk groups that monitor the risks that cross all of our business units (for example, credit and operational risk); and
Risk oversight for international activities, which adds important regional and legal entity perspectives to global vertical and horizontal risk management.
Sitting on top of this three-dimensional organization structure is a centralized group responsible for the aggregation of risk exposures across the vertical, horizontal and regional


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dimensions, for consolidated reporting, for setting the enterprise-level risk appetite framework and associated limits and policies, and for dynamic risk assessment across State Street.
The Board's RCC is responsible for oversight related to our assessment and management of risk, including credit, liquidity, operational, fiduciary, market, interest-rate and business risks and related policies. In addition, the RCC provides oversight on strategic capital governance principles and controls, and monitors capital adequacy in relation to risk. The RCC is also responsible for discharging certain duties and obligations of the Board under applicable Basel and other regulatory requirements. The Chief Financial Officer, together with the CRO, attend meetings of the RCC.
The E&A Committee oversees the operation of our system of internal controls covering the integrity of our consolidated financial statements and reports, compliance with laws, regulations and corporate policies, and the qualifications, performance and independence of our independent registered public accounting firm. The E&A Committee acts on behalf of the Board in monitoring and overseeing the performance of Corporate Audit and in reviewing certain communications with banking regulators. The E&A Committee has direct responsibility for the appointment, compensation, retention, evaluation and oversight of the work of our independent registered public accounting firm, including sole authority for the establishment of pre-approval policies and procedures for all audit engagements and any non-audit engagements.
The Management Risk and Capital Committee, or MRAC, is the senior management decision-making body for risk and capital issues, and is responsible for ensuring that our strategy, budget, risk appetite and capital adequacy are properly aligned. The main responsibilities of MRAC are as follows:
The review of our risk appetite framework and top-level risk limits and policies;
The monitoring and assessment of our capital adequacy based on regulatory requirements and internal policies; and
The review of business performance in the context of risk and capital allocation.
The committee is co-chaired by our CRO and Chief Financial Officer. In addition, the MRAC regularly presents a report to the Board’s RCC outlining developments in the risk environment and performance trends in our key business areas.
The Business Conduct Review Committee, or BCRC, provides additional risk governance and leadership, by overseeing State Street's business practices and reinforcing our commitment to the
highest standards of ethical conduct. Management considers adherence to high ethical standards to be critical to the success of our business and to our reputation. The BCRC is co-chaired by our CRO and our Chief Legal Officer.
The Technology and Operational Risk Committee, or TORC, oversees and assesses the effectiveness of corporate-wide technology and operational risk management programs, to manage and control technology and operational risk consistently across the organization. The TORC may meet jointly with the MRAC periodically to review or approve common areas of interest such as risk frameworks and policies. The TORC is co-chaired by our CRO and the Head of Global Operations, Technology and Product Development.
Risk Committees
Our Asset, Liability and Capital Committee, or ALCCO, is a risk committee that oversees the management of our consolidated statement of condition, the management of our global liquidity and our interest-rate risk positions, our regulatory and economic capital, the determination of the framework for capital allocation and strategies for capital structure, and issuances of debt and equity securities. ALCCO’s roles and responsibilities are designed to work complementary to, and be coordinated with, the MRAC, which approves State Street’s balance sheet strategy and related activities. ALCCO is chaired by our Treasurer and directly reports into the MRAC.
The following other risk committees have focused responsibilities for oversight of specific areas of risk management:
The Credit Risk and Policy Committee is responsible for cross-business unit review and oversight of credit and counterparty risk;
The Country Risk Committee oversees the identification, assessment, monitoring, reporting and mitigation, where necessary, of country risks;
The Trading and Markets Risk Committee, or TMRC, reviews the effectiveness of, and approves, the market risk framework at least annually; it is the most senior oversight and decision making committee for risk management within State Street Global Markets and the trading-and-clearing business of State Street Global Exchange;
The Securities Finance Risk Management Committee provides oversight of the risks in our securities finance business, including collateral and margin policies;
The Model Assessment Committee, or MAC, provides recommendations concerning technical modeling issues and validates


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financial models utilized by our business units;
The Basel / ICAAP Oversight Committee, or BIOC, reviews and assesses compliance with regulatory capital rules, and oversees initiatives related to the development and enhancement of relevant reporting capabilities;
The CCAR Steering Committee provides primary supervision of the stress tests performed in conformity with CCAR and the Dodd-Frank Act, and is responsible for the overall management, review, and approval of all material assumptions, methodologies, and results of each stress scenario;
The Recovery and Resolution Planning Executive Steering Group oversees the development of recovery and resolution plans as required by banking regulators;
The New Business and Product Committee provides oversight of the evaluation of the risk inherent in proposed new products or services and new business, as well as divestitures, restructurings and outsourcing arrangements; evaluations include economic justification, material risk, compliance, regulatory and legal considerations, and capital and liquidity analyses;
The Compliance and Ethics Committee provides review and oversight of State Street's compliance programs, including its culture of compliance and high standards of ethical behavior;
The Fiduciary Review Committee reviews and assesses the risk management programs of those units in which State Street serves in a fiduciary capacity;
The Operational Risk Committee provides cross-business oversight of operational risk to identify, measure, manage and control operational risk in an effective and consistent manner across State Street; and
The Technology Risk Governance Committee provides regular reporting to the TORC and escalates technology risk issues to the TORC, as appropriate.
Credit Risk Management
Core Policies and Principles
Credit and counterparty risk is defined as the risk of financial loss if a counterparty, borrower or obligor, referred to collectively as counterparties, is either unable or unwilling to repay borrowings or settle a transaction in accordance with underlying contractual terms. We assume credit and counterparty risk in our traditional non-trading lending activities (such as loans and contingent
commitments), in our investment securities portfolio (where recourse to a counterparty exists), and in our direct or indemnified agency trading activities (such as securities lending and foreign exchange). We also assume credit and counterparty risk in our day-to-day treasury and securitiesand other settlement operations, in the form of deposit placements and other cash balances with central banks or private sector institutions.     
We distinguish between three kinds of credit and counterparty risk:
Default risk is the risk that a counterparty fails to meet its contractual payment obligations;
Country risk is the risk that we may suffer a loss, in any given country, due to any of the following reasons: deterioration of economic conditions, political and social upheaval, nationalization and appropriation of assets, government repudiation of indebtedness, exchange controls, and disruptive currency depreciation or devaluation; and
Settlement risk is the risk that the settlement or clearance of transactions will fail, and arises whenever the exchange of cash, securities and/or other assets is not simultaneous.
The extension of credit and the acceptance of counterparty risk are governed by corporate guidelines based on a counterparty's risk profile, the markets served, counterparty and country concentrations, and regulatory compliance. These guidelines include reference to a number of core policies and principles:
All credit risks to each counterparty, or group of counterparties, are measured and consolidated in accordance with a ‘one obligor’ principle that aggregates all risks types across all business areas;
We seek to avoid or minimize undue concentrations of risk; counterparty (or groups of counterparties), industry, country and product-specific concentrations of risk are subject to frequent review and approval in accordance with State Street’s prevailing risk appetite;
All extensions of credit, or material changes to extensions of credit (such as its tenor, collateral structure or covenants), are approved by ERM in conformity with assigned credit-approval authorities;
We assign credit approval authorities to individuals according to their qualifications, experience and training, and review these authorities periodically; our largest exposures require approval by the Credit Committee, a sub-committee of the Credit Risk and Policy


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Committee; for certain small and low-risk extensions of credit, for certain counterparty types, approval authority has been granted to individuals outside of ERM;
The creditworthiness of all counterparties is determined by way of a detailed risk assessment, including the use of comprehensive internal rating methodologies; all rating methodologies in use at State Street are authorized for use within the advanced internal-ratings-based approach under applicable Basel requirements; and
A review of the creditworthiness of all counterparties, as well as all extensions of credit, is undertaken at least annually; the nature and extent of these reviews is determined by the size, nature and tenor of the extensions of credit, as well as the creditworthiness of the counterparty.
All core policies and principles are subject to annual review, as an integral part of State Street’s periodic assessment of its risk appetite.
Governance
The Credit Risk Management group is an integral part of ERM and is responsible for assessing, approving and monitoring all types of credit risk across State Street. It has responsibility for all requisite policies and procedures, and for State Street’s advanced internal credit-rating systems and methodologies. Additionally, Credit Risk Management, in conjunction with the appropriate business units, establishes appropriate measurements and limits to control the amount of credit risk accepted across its various business activities, both at a portfolio level and for each individual obligor, or group of obligors.
A number of local committees within State Street are responsible for overseeing credit risk. The Credit Risk and Policy Committee is responsible for approving policies and procedures, determining risk appetite and for routine monitoring of State Street’s credit-risk portfolio. The Credit Committee, a sub-committee of the Credit Risk and Policy Committee, has primary responsibility for the largest and higher-risk extensions of credit to individual obligors, or groups of obligors. Both committees provide periodic updates to the MRAC and the Board's RCC.
Credit Limits
Central to our philosophy for managing credit risk are the approval and imposition of credit limits, which reflect our credit risk appetite relative to the borrower or counterparty, its domicile, the nature of the risk and the country of risk. The extent of our ongoing analysis, approval and monitoring of credit limits and exposure is determined by the type of
borrower or counterparty, its prevailing credit-worthiness and the nature of the risk. These processes are outlined in formal guidelines.
Credit limits on a singular and aggregated basis are regularly reassessed and periodically revised based on prevailing and anticipated market conditions, changes in counterparty, industry or country-specific characteristics and outlook and State Street's risk appetite.
Global Counterparty Review
State Street’s Global Counterparty Review, or GCR, team provides separate oversight of our counterparty credit risk management practices and provides senior management, as well as our auditors and regulators, with reporting needed to monitor and assess the effectiveness of prevailing practices. Specific activities include, but are not limited to:
Separate and objective assessments of our credit and counterparty exposures to determine the nature and extent of risk undertaken by the business units;
Periodic business unit reviews, focusing on the assessment of credit analysis, policy compliance, prudent transaction structure and underwriting standards, administration and documentation, risk-rating integrity, and relevant trends;
Identification and monitoring of developing trends to minimize risk of loss and protect capital;
Maintenance of risk-rating system integrity and assurance of counterparty risk-rating transparency through testing of ratings;
Providing resources for specialized risk assessments (on an as-needed basis);
Opining on the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses; and
Serving as liaison with auditors and banking regulators with respect to risk rating, reporting and measurement.
Ongoing active monitoring and management of credit risk is an integral part of our credit risk management activities. A surveillance and credit review process is followed by both our business units and by ERM.
Credit Risk Mitigation
Techniques used to mitigate our counterparty credit risk include collateralizing our exposures; securing our exposures with a third-party guarantee; maintaining a security interest against assets under custody; exercising our legal right of offset; or buying credit insurance to offset our risk. We primarily accept cash, equities, and government securities as collateral. While we may use one or more of the foregoing techniques as protection with respect to a


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specific counterparty, we may also have multiple credit exposures to such counterparty, and all of our credit protection techniques may not be applicable to each type of credit exposure. In certain circumstances, we have credit exposure that is not secured.
Although we do not provide credit risk protection or trade in credit default swaps, we have purchased a small number of credit default swaps for hedging purposes. Due to the immaterial notional amount of these swaps, we do not formally recognize the benefits of these credit derivatives.
Reserve for Credit Losses
We maintain an allowance for loan losses to support our on-balance sheet credit exposures. We also maintain a reserve for unfunded commitments and letters of credit to support our off-balance credit exposure. The two components together represent the reserve for credit losses. Review and evaluation of the adequacy of the reserve for credit losses is ongoing throughout the year, but occurs at least quarterly, and is based, among other factors, on our evaluation of the level of risk in the portfolio, the volume of adversely classified loans, previous loss experience, current trends, and expected economic conditions and their effect on our counterparties. Additional information about the allowance for loan losses is provided in note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Liquidity Risk Management
Liquidity risk is defined as the potential that our financial condition or overall viability could be adversely affected by an actual or perceived inability to meet cash and collateral obligations. The goal of liquidity risk management is to maintain, even in the event of stress, our ability to meet our cash and collateral obligations.
Liquidity is managed to meet our financial obligations in a timely and cost-effective manner, as well as maintain sufficient flexibility to fund strategic corporate initiatives as they arise. Our effective management of liquidity involves the assessment of the potential mismatch between the future cash needs of our clients and our available sources of cash under both normal and adverse economic and business conditions.
We generally manage our liquidity on a global, consolidated basis. We also manage liquidity on a stand-alone basis at the parent company, as well as at certain branches and subsidiaries of State Street Bank. State Street Bank generally has access to markets and funding sources limited to banks, such as the federal funds market and the Federal Reserve's discount window. Our parent company is
managed to a more conservative liquidity profile, reflecting narrower market access. Our parent company typically holds enough cash, primarily in the form of interest-bearing deposits with its banking subsidiaries, to meet its current debt maturities and cash needs, as well as those projected over the next one-year period. As of March 31, 2014, the value of the parent company's net liquid assets totaled $4.76 billion, compared with $4.42 billion as of December 31, 2013. Our parent company's liquid assets generally consist of overnight placements with its banking subsidiaries.
Based on our level of consolidated liquid assets and our ability to access the capital markets for additional funding when necessary, including our ability to issue debt and equity securities under our current universal shelf registration, management considers State Street's overall liquidity as of March 31, 2014 to be sufficient to meet its current commitments and business needs, including accommodating the transaction and cash management needs of its clients.
Governance
Global Treasury is responsible for our management of liquidity. This includes the day-to-day management of our global liquidity position, the development and monitoring of early warning indicators, key liquidity risk metrics, the creation and execution of stress tests, the evaluation and implementation of regulatory requirements, the maintenance and execution of our liquidity guidelines and contingency funding plan, and routine management reporting to ALCCO and the Board's RCC.
Global Treasury Risk Management, part of ERM, provides separate oversight over the identification, communication and management of Global Treasury’s risks in support of our business strategy. Global Treasury Risk Management reports to the CRO. Global Treasury Risk Management’s responsibilities relative to liquidity risk management include the development and review of policies and guidelines; the monitoring of limits related to adherence to the liquidity risk guidelines and associated reporting.
Liquidity Framework
Our liquidity framework contemplates areas of potential risk based on our activities, size, and other appropriate risk-related factors. In Julymanaging liquidity risk, we employ limits, maintain established metrics and early warning indicators and perform routine stress testing to identify potential liquidity needs. This process involves the evaluation of a combination of internal and external scenarios which assist us in measuring our liquidity position and in identifying


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potential increases in cash needs or decreases in available sources of cash, as well as the potential impairment of our ability to access the global capital markets.
We manage liquidity according to several principles that are equally important to our overall liquidity risk management framework:
Structural liquidity management addresses liquidity by monitoring and directing the composition of our consolidated statement of condition. Structural liquidity is measured by metrics such as the percentage of total wholesale funds to consolidated total assets, and the percentage of non-government investment securities to client deposits. In addition, on a regular basis and as described further below, our structural liquidity is evaluated under various stress scenarios.
Tactical liquidity management addresses our day-to-day funding requirements and is largely driven by changes in our primary source of funding, which is client deposits.
Fluctuations in client deposits may be supplemented with short-term borrowings, which generally include commercial paper and certificates of deposit.
Stress testing and contingent funding planning are longer-term strategic liquidity risk management practices. Regular and ad hoc liquidity stress testing are performed under various severe but plausible scenarios at the consolidated level and at significant subsidiaries, including State Street Bank. These tests contemplate severe market and State Street-specific events under various time horizons and severities. Tests contemplate the impact of material changes in key funding sources, credit ratings, additional collateral requirements, contingent uses of funding, systemic shocks to the financial markets, and operational failures based on market and State Street-specific assumptions. The stress tests evaluate the required level of funding versus available sources in an adverse environment. As stress testing contemplates potential forward-looking scenarios, results also serve as a trigger to activate specific liquidity stress levels and contingent funding actions.
Contingency Funding Plans, or “CFPs”, are designed to assist senior management with decision-making associated with any contingency funding response to a possible or actual crisis scenario. The CFPs define roles, responsibilities and management actions to be taken in the event of deterioration of our liquidity profile caused by either a State Street-
specific event or a broader disruption in the capital markets. Specific actions are linked to the level of stress indicated by these measures or by management judgment of market conditions.
Liquidity Risk Metrics
In managing our liquidity, we employ early warning indicators and metrics. Early warning indicators are intended to detect situations which may result in a liquidity stress, including changes in our common stock price and the spread on our long-term debt. Additional metrics that are critical to the management of our consolidated statement of condition and monitored as part of our routine liquidity management include measures of our fungible cash position, purchased wholesale funds, unencumbered liquid assets, deposits, and the total of investment securities and loans as a percentage of total client deposits.
Asset Liquidity
Central to the management of our liquidity is asset liquidity, which generally consists of unencumbered highly liquid securities, cash and cash equivalents carried in our consolidated statement of condition. We restrict the eligibility of securities for asset liquidity to U.S. Government and federal agency securities (including mortgage-backed securities) and selected non-U.S. Government and supranational securities, which generally are more liquid than other types of assets. The following table presents the components of our asset liquidity balance as of the dates, or for the periods, indicated:
(In millions) March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Asset Liquidity:    
Highly liquid short-term investments(1)
 $75,796
 $64,257
Investment securities 21,612
 22,322
Total $97,408
 $86,579
     
  Quarters Ended March 31,
(In millions) 2014 2013
Average Asset Liquidity:    
Highly liquid short-term investments(1)
 $33,410
 $30,585
Investment securities 21,457
 25,794
Total $54,867
 $56,379
(1) Composed of interest-bearing deposits with banks.
Due to the continued elevated level of client deposits as of March 31, 2014, we maintained cash balances in excess of regulatory requirements of approximately $61.98 billion at the Federal Reserve, the ECB and other non-U.S. central banks, compared to $51.03 billion as of December 31, 2013.
Liquid securities carried in our asset liquidity include securities pledged without corresponding


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advances from the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, or FRB, the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston, or FHLB, and other non-U.S. central banks. State Street Bank is a member of the FHLB. This membership allows for advances of liquidity in varying terms against high-quality collateral, which helps facilitate asset-and-liability management.
Access to primary, intra-day and contingent liquidity provided by these utilities is an important source of contingent liquidity with utilization subject to underlying conditions. As of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, State Street Bank had no outstanding primary credit borrowings from the FRB discount window or any other central bank facility, and as of the same dates, no FHLB advances were outstanding.
In addition to the securities included in our asset liquidity, we have significant amounts of other high-quality investment securities. The aggregate fair value of those securities was $65.45 billion as of March 31, 2014, compared to $66.16 billion as of December 31, 2013. These securities are available sources of liquidity, although not as rapidly deployed as those included in our asset liquidity.
Uses of Liquidity
Significant uses of our liquidity could result from the following: withdrawals of client deposits; draw-downs of unfunded commitments to extend credit or to purchase securities, generally provided through lines of credit; and short-duration advance facilities. Such circumstances would generally arise under stress conditions including deterioration in credit ratings. We had unfunded commitments to extend credit with gross contractual amounts totaling $21.77 billion and $21.30 billion as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. These amounts do not reflect the value of any collateral. Approximately 77% of our unfunded commitments to extend credit expire within one year from the date of issuance. Since many of our commitments are expected to expire or renew without being drawn upon, the gross contractual amounts do not necessarily represent our future cash requirements.
Funding
Deposits:
Our Investment Servicing business provides products and services including custody, accounting, administration, daily pricing, foreign exchange services, cash management, financial asset management, securities finance and investment advisory services. As a provider of these products and services, we generate client deposits, which have generally provided a stable, low-cost source of funds. As a global custodian, clients place deposits with State Street entities in various currencies. These
client deposits are invested in a combination of investment securities and short-duration financial instruments whose mix is determined by the characteristics of the deposits.
For the past several years, we have experienced higher client deposit inflows toward the end of the quarter or the end of the year. As a result, average client deposit balances are deemed to be more reflective of ongoing funding than period-end balances. The following table presents client deposit balances as of the dates and for the periods indicated:
     Average Balance
 March 31, Quarters Ended March 31,
(In millions)2014 2013 2014 2013
Client deposits(1)
$194,648
 $150,130
 $154,086
 $138,750
(1) Balance as of March 31, 2013 excluded term wholesale certificates of deposit, or CDs, of $4.64 billion; average balances for the quarter ended March 31, 2013 excluded average CDs of $8.43 billion.
Short-Term Funding:
Our corporate commercial paper program, under which we can issue up to $3 billion of commercial paper with original maturities of up to 270 days from the date of issuance, had $1.88 billion of commercial paper outstanding as of March 31, 2014, compared to $1.82 billion as of December 31, 2013.
Our on-balance sheet liquid assets are also an integral component of our liquidity management strategy. These assets provide liquidity through maturities of the assets, but more importantly, they provide us with the ability to raise funds by pledging the securities as collateral for borrowings or through outright sales. In addition, our access to the global capital markets gives us the ability to source incremental funding at reasonable rates of interest from wholesale investors. As discussed earlier under “Asset Liquidity,” State Street Bank's membership in the FHLB allows for advances of liquidity in varying terms against high-quality collateral.
Short-term secured funding also comes in the form of securities lent or sold under agreements to repurchase. These transactions are short-term in nature, generally overnight, and are collateralized by high-quality investment securities. The balances associated with this activity are generally stable, as they represent a collateralized cash investment option for our investment servicing clients. These balances were $8.95 billion and $7.95 billion as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
State Street Bank currently maintains a line of credit with a financial institution of CAD $800 million, or approximately $725 million as of March 31, 2014,


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

to support its Canadian securities processing operations. The line of credit has no stated termination date and is cancelable by either party with prior notice. As of March 31, 2014, there was no balance outstanding on this line of credit.
Long-Term Funding:
As of March 31, 2014, State Street Bank had Board authority to issue unsecured senior debt securities from time to time, provided that the aggregate principal amount of such unsecured senior debt outstanding at any one time does not exceed $5 billion. As of March 31, 2014, $4.1 billion was available for issuance pursuant to this authority. As of March 31, 2014, State Street Bank also had Board authority to issue up to $1.5 billion of subordinated debt, incremental to subordinated debt outstanding as of the same date. As of March 31, 2014, $500 million was available for issuance pursuant to this authority.
We maintain an effective universal shelf registration that allows for the public offering and sale of debt securities, capital securities, common stock, depositary shares and preferred stock, and warrants to purchase such securities, including any shares into which the preferred stock and depositary shares may be convertible, or any combination thereof. We have issued in the past, and we may issue in the future, securities pursuant to our shelf registration. The issuance of debt or equity securities will depend on future market conditions, funding needs and other factors.
Agency Credit Ratings
Our ability to maintain consistent access to liquidity is fostered by the maintenance of high investment-grade ratings as measured by the major independent credit rating agencies. Factors essential to maintaining high credit ratings include diverse and stable core earnings; relative market position, strong risk management; strong capital ratios; diverse liquidity sources, including the global capital markets and client deposits; strong liquidity monitoring procedures; and preparedness for current or future regulatory developments. High ratings minimize borrowing costs and enhance our liquidity by providing assurance for unsecured funding and depositors, increasing the potential market for our debt and improving our ability to offer products, serve markets, and engage in transactions in which clients value high credit ratings. A downgrade or reduction of our credit ratings could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity by restricting our ability to access the capital markets, increasing the related cost of funds, causing the sudden and large-scale withdrawal of unsecured deposits by our clients, leading to draw-downs of unfunded commitments to extend credit or triggering requirements under securities purchase
commitments, or require additional collateral or force terminations of certain trading derivative contracts.
A majority of our derivative contracts have been entered into under bilateral agreements with counterparties who may require us to post collateral or terminate the transactions based on changes in our credit ratings. We assess the impact of these arrangements by determining the collateral or termination payments that would be required assuming a downgrade by all rating agencies. The following table presents the additional collateral or termination payments related to our net derivative liabilities under these arrangements that could have been called as of the dates indicated by counterparties in the event of a one-notch and two-notch downgrade in our credit ratings. Other funding sources, such as secured financing transactions and other margin requirements, for which there are no explicit triggers, could also be adversely affected.
(In millions)March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Additional collateral or termination payments for a one- or two-notch downgrade$3
 $7
Proposed Liquidity Framework
In October 2013, U.S. banking regulators jointly issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, or NPR, which proposes to enhance leverage ratio standards for the largest, most systemically significant U.S. banking organizations. The July 2013 NPR applies to any U.S. top-tier bank holding company with at least $700 billion in consolidated total assets or at least $10 trillion in total assets under custody, referred to as a covered bank holding company, and any insured depository institution subsidiary of such bank holding company. We expect the standards to apply to State Street and State Street Bank based on our total assets under custody.
Under Basel I, the tier 1 leverage ratio is calculated by dividing tier 1 capital by adjusted quarterly average assets. While Basel II did not incorporate a leverage ratio, the Basel III final rule provides for a leverage ratio similar to Basel I, as well as a supplementary leverage ratio for advanced approaches banking organizations. This supplementary leverage ratio adds certain off-balance sheet exposures, such as those related to derivative contracts and unfunded lending commitments, to the denominator of the ratio calculation.
Under the July 2013 NPR, covered bank holding companies would be required to maintain a supplementary tier 1 leverage ratio of at least 5%, which is 2% above the similar minimum Basel III supplementary tier 1 leverage ratio of 3%. Failure to exceed the 5% supplementary tier 1 leverage ratio would subject covered bank holding companies to restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments. In addition to the leverage buffer for covered bank holding companies, the July 2013 NPR would require insured depository institution subsidiaries of covered bank holding companies, like State Street Bank, to maintain a 6% supplementary tier 1 leverage ratio to be considered "well capitalized." State Street is among the eight largest, most systemically significant U.S. banking organizations to which the July 2013 NPR would apply, if finalized as currently proposed. The July 2013 NPR would not apply to all banking organizations with which we compete. If finalized as currently proposed, the new supplementary tier 1 leverage ratio requirements will be effective beginning on January 1, 2018. The July 2013 NPR is a proposed rule, and remains subject to interpretation, regulatory guidance, industry and other comment and issuance in the form of a final rule.
Liquidity Coverage and Net Stable Funding Ratios
In October 2013, U.S. banking regulators issued an NPR intended to implement in the U.S. the Basel Committee's Liquidity Coverage Ratio, or LCR.LCR, in the U.S. The proposed LCR standard is intended to promote the short-term resilience of the liquidity risk profile of internationally active banking organizations, improvingimprove the banking industry's ability to absorb shocks arising from financial and economic stress, and improvingimprove the measurement and management of liquidity risk. Among other things, theThe proposed LCR standard would require a covered banking organization to maintain an amount of high-quality liquid assets, or HQLA, equal to or greater than 100% of the banking organization’s total net cash outflows over a 30-calendar-day period of significant liquidity stress, as defined. The October 2013 NPR would be phased in beginning on January 1, 2015 at 80% with full implementation by January 1, 2017. As an internationally active banking organization, State Street expectswe expect to be subject to the LCR standard.standard in the U.S., as well as in other jurisdictions in which we operate.
The October 2013 NPR is agenerally consistent with the Basel Committee’s LCR. However, it includes certain more stringent requirements, including an accelerated implementation time line and modifications to the definition of high-quality liquid assets and expected outflow assumptions. We continue to analyze the proposed rulerules and remains subject to interpretation, regulatory guidance, industry and other comment and issuance in the form of a final rule.analyze their impact as well as develop strategies for compliance. The specification of the various elementsprinciples of the LCR inare consistent with our liquidity management framework; however, the specific calibrations of


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

various elements within the final LCR rule, such as the eligibility of assets as HQLA, the calculation ofoperational deposit requirements and net outflows and the timing of indeterminate maturities,outflow requirements could have a material effect on our liquidity, funding and business activities, including the management and composition of our investment securities portfolio and our ability to extend committed contingent credit facilities to our clients.
TheIn January 2014, the Basel Committee has also proposedreleased a revised proposal with respect to the Net Stable Funding Ratio, or NSFR, which will establish a one-year liquidity standard representing the proportion of long-term assets funded by long-term stable funding, scheduled for global implementation in 2018. The revised NSFR has made some favorable changes regarding the treatment of operationally linked deposits and a reduction in the funding required for certain securities. However, we continue to review the specifics of the Basel Committee's release and will be evaluating the U.S. implementation of this standard to analyze the impact and develop strategies for compliance. U.S. banking regulators have not yet issued a proposal to implement the NSFR.
Systemically Important BanksOperational Risk Management
We define operational risk as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes and systems, human error, or from external events. At State Street, this definition encompasses legal risk and fiduciary risk. We define legal risk as the risk of loss resulting from failure to comply with laws and contractual obligations as well as prudent ethical standards, in addition to exposure to litigation from all aspects of our activities. Fiduciary risk arises if, in acting on behalf of our clients, we fail to properly exercise discretion or we do not properly monitor or control the exercise of discretion by a third party.
In the conduct of our investment servicing and investment management activities, we assume operational risk. The products and services we provide to our clients, such as custody; product- and participant-level accounting; daily pricing and administration; master trust and master custody; record-keeping; cash management; foreign exchange, and the management of financial assets using passive and active strategies, can result in execution risk, business practice risk, fiduciary risk and other types of operational risk. Because operational risk is process-oriented, compared to other risks, for example credit risk and market risk, which are designated astransaction-oriented, our ability to influence and manage risk-taking rests at the process level, and requires a large bank holding company subjectbroad set of process controls.
Whereas operational risk represents the potential, an operational risk event is the actual
occurrence of the risk. An operational risk event that gives rise to enhanced supervision and prudential standards, commonlya direct financial impact is referred to as an operational risk loss or gain. If there is no financial impact, the event is termed a “systemically important financial institution,“near-miss.
Framework
We have developed a comprehensive approach to operational risk management that is consistently applied across State Street. This approach, referred to as our operational risk framework, takes a holistic view and integrates the different methods and tools used to manage operational risk. The framework, which was developed by our Operational Risk Management group and utilizes aspects of the framework of the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or SIFI,the COSO framework, and we are one among a group of 28 institutions worldwide that have been identified by the Financial Stability Board, or FSB, and theindustry/peer leading practices, is designed to comply with Basel Committee as “global systemically important banks,” or G-SIBs.requirements. Our designation as a G-SIB will require usoperational risk framework seeks to maintain an additional capital buffer, ranging between 1% and 2.5%, above the Basel III minimum common equity tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%, based onprovide a number of factors, as evaluated by banking regulators. Factorsimportant benefits, including:
The alignment of business priorities with risk management objectives;
The active management of risk and the avoidance of surprises;
The clarification of responsibilities for the management of operational risk;
A common understanding of operational risk management and its supporting processes; and
The consistent application of policies and collection of data for risk management and measurement.
The framework is composed of two mutually reinforcing areas, foundational elements and framework components. The three foundational elements used to consistently implement the framework across the diverse groups within State Street are governance, documentation, and communication/awareness. The framework also contains five components that provide overarching structure that integrates distinct risk programs into a continuous process focused on managing and measuring operational risk in this evaluation will include our size, interconnectedness, substitutability, complexitya coordinated and cross-jurisdictional activities. In November 2012,consistent manner. The individual components and the FSB designated us as a category-1 organization, with aobjectives of each component are:
Identify, assess and measure risk - understand business unit strategy, risk profile and potential exposure;
Monitor risk - proactively monitor the business environment and associated operational risk exposure;
Evaluate and test controls - verify that internal controls are designed appropriately, are consistent with corporate and regulatory standards, and are operating effectively;
Provide integrated management reporting - facilitate management's ability to maintain


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capital surcharge
control, provide oversight and escalate issues in a timely manner; and
Support risk-based decision making - make conscious risk-based decisions and understand the trade-off between risk and return.
We maintain an operational risk policy, under which we endeavor to effectively manage operational risk in order to support the achievement of 1%, although this designationour corporate objectives and fully comply with any related regulatory requirements. We achieve these policy objectives through the associated additional capital buffer are subject to change. U.S. banking regulators have not yet issued a proposal to implementimplementation of our operational risk framework, which describes the G-SIB capital surcharge.integrated set of processes and tools that assist us in managing and measuring operational risk.
We expect these additional capital requirements for G-SIBsto be phased in beginning on January 1, 2016, with full implementationOur operational risk policy is approved annually by January 1, 2019. Assuming completionthe Board's RCC. The purpose of the phase-in periodpolicy is to set forth our approach to the management of operational risk, to identify the responsibilities of individuals and committees charged with overseeing the management of operational risk, and to provide a broad mandate that supports implementation of the operational risk framework.
Guidelines
As part of our operational risk framework, we have also developed operational risk guidelines which document in greater detail our practices and describe the key elements that should be present in a business unit's operational risk management program. The purpose of the guidelines is to set forth and define key operational risk terms, provide further detail on State Street's operational risk programs, and detail business unit responsibilities for the capital conservation buffer,identification, assessment, measurement, monitoring and no countercyclical buffer,reporting of operational risk. The guidelines support the minimum capital ratios asoperational risk policy and document our practices used to manage and measure operational risk in an effective and consistent manner across State Street.
We have a number of January 1, 2019, includingoperational risk tools and processes in use that are corporate-wide in application or coverage. These tools include a series of risk assessments and diagnostics, at the capital conservation bufferbusiness unit level, across the risk spectrum aimed at the identification of risks that occur routinely through normal operations, strategic risks that may arise over a longer-term horizon and G-SIB capital surcharge, would be 9.5%risks that occur very infrequently but which could materially affect State Street. Further, these assessments allow management to define risk mitigation strategies and set action plans for tier 1 risk-based capital, 11.5% for total risk-based capital, and 8% for common equity tier 1 capital, in order for implementation.
State Street to make capital distributionsmonitors the level and discretionary bonus payments without limitation. Not alltrend of our competitors have similarly been designated as systemically important, and therefore someits operational risk profile through a series of our competitors may not be subject to the same additional capital requirements.
Economic Capital
We define economic capital as the capital required to protect holders of our senior debt, and obligations higher in priority, against unexpected economic losses over a one-year period at a level consistent with the solvency of a firm with our target “Aa3/AA-” senior bank debt rating. Economic capital requirements are one of several important measures used by management and our Board to assess the adequacy of our capital levels in relation to State Street'sreports, risk profile. Due to the evolving nature of quantification techniques, we expect to periodically refine the methodologies, assumptions, and information used to estimate our economic capital requirements, which could result in a different amount of capital needed to support our business activities.
We measure returns on economic capital and economic profit (defined by us as net income available to common shareholders after deduction of State Street's cost of equity capital) by line of business. This economic profit will be used by management and the Board to gauge risk-adjusted performance over time. Accordingly, the measurement and evaluation of risk-adjusted performance have become integral parts of our internal process for allocating resources (for example, capital and information technology spending) by line of business. In addition, return on economic capital and economic profit are two of several measures used in our evaluation of the viability of a new business or productassessment outcomes, risk mitigation initiative and for merger-and-acquisition analysis.
We quantify economic capital requirements for the risks inherent in our business activities and group them into categories that we broadly define for these purposes as follows:
Market risk: the risk of adverse financial impact due to fluctuations in market prices, primarily as they relate to our trading activities;
Interest-rate risk: the risk of loss in non-trading asset-and-liability management positions, primarily the impact of adverse movements in interest rates on the repricing mismatches that exist between the assets and liabilities carried in our consolidated statement of condition;
Credit risk: the risk of loss that may result from the default or downgrade of a borrower or counterparty;
Operational risk: the risk of loss from inadequate or failed internal processes and systems, human error, or from external events, which is generally consistent with the Basel II definition;risk metrics. Together, this data assists us in understanding our
risk profile, as well as our progress on managing risk and
Business risk: the risk of negative earnings resulting from adverse changes in business factors, including changes in the competitive environment, changes inboth internal and external, which may affect our risk profile. In addition, we use scenario analysis to provide a forward-looking assessment of large operational risk events that we may not have experienced yet.
In order for these tools and programs to meet framework objectives, we have implemented comprehensive data collection practices and consistent risk classification standards that facilitate the analysis of risks across the company. In addition, we have established standards for operational economicsrisk data for the purpose of our business activities,maintaining data repositories and systems that are controlled, accurate and available on a timely basis to support operational risk management.
Governance
The roles and responsibilities with respect to the effectmanagement of strategic and reputational risks.operational risk at State Street reflect the following four key principles:
Board oversight of our operational risk framework is primarily the responsibility of the RCC, which annually reviews and approves our operational risk policy and delegates day-to-day oversight to ERM;
Senior business unit managers are responsible for the management of operational risk;
ERM and other corporate groups provide separate oversight, validation and verification of the management and measurement of operational risk; and
Executive management provides oversight through participation on risk-management committees and direct management of risk in business activities.
Economic capital for eachThe key responsibilities of these five categories is estimated on a stand-alone basis using scenario analysisgroups with respect to operational risk are described below:
The RCC approves our operational risk policy, delegates the implementation and monitoring of the operational risk guidelines, framework and related programs to ERM, and reviews periodic reporting of management information related to operational risk; and
Senior business unit management is responsible for the direct management of operational risk arising from our business activities, as well as operational risk oversight through representation on the MRAC, the BCRC, the TORC, and the local Operational Risk and Fiduciary Review Committees.
A number of corporate groups have responsibility for developing, implementing, and statistical modeling techniques applied to internally-generated and, in some cases, external information. These individual results are then aggregated at the State Street consolidated level.
Liquidity
The objective of liquidity management is to provide for the ability to meet our financial obligations in a timely and cost-effective manner, and maintain sufficient flexibility to fund strategic corporate initiatives as they arise. Effective management of liquidity involves assessing the potential mismatch between the future cash needs of our clients and our available sources of cash under both normal and adverse economic and business conditions. Significant uses of liquidity, described more fully below, consist primarily of funding client deposit withdrawals and outstanding commitments to extend credit or commitments to purchase securities as they are drawn upon. Liquidity is provided by the maintenance of broad access to the global capital markets and by the asset structure in our consolidated statement of condition. Additional information about our liquidity is provided under “Financial Condition - Liquidity” in Management's Discussion and Analysis included in our 2012 Form 10-K.
We generally manage our liquidity on a global, consolidated basis. We also manage liquidity on a stand-alone basis at the parent company, as well as at certain branches and subsidiaries of State Street Bank. State Street Bank generally has broader access to funding products and markets limited to banks, specifically the federal funds market and the Federal Reserve's


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discount window. The parent company is managed to a more conservative liquidity profile, reflecting narrower market access. The parent company typically holds enough cash, primarily in
assessing various aspects of State Street's operational risk framework:
ERM’s Corporate Operational Risk Management group is responsible for the development and implementation of State Street's operational risk guidelines, framework and supporting tools. It also reviews and analyzes operational key risk information, metrics and indicators at the business line and corporate level for purposes of reporting and escalating operational risk events;
ERM’s Corporate Risk Analytics group develops and maintains operational risk capital estimation models and regularly calculates State Street's operational risk regulatory capital requirements;
ERM’s Model Governance group separately validates the quantitative models used to measure operational risk; and
Corporate Audit performs separate reviews of the application of operational risk management practices and methodologies utilized across State Street.
Operational risk management at State Street includes both the form of interest-bearing deposits with its banking subsidiaries, to meet its current debt maturities and cash needs, as well as those projected over the next one-year period.
The sources of our liquidity consist primarily of (1) access tocorporate Operational Risk Management group, led by the global capital markets and (2) liquid assets carried in our consolidated statementhead of condition. Our ability to source incremental funding at reasonable rates of interest from wholesale investors in the capital markets is the first source of liquidity we would access to accommodate our uses of liquidity described below. Our on-balance sheet liquid assets are also an integral component of our liquidity management strategy. These assets provide liquidity through maturities of the assets, but more importantly, they provide us with the ability to raise funds by pledging the securities as collateral for borrowings or through outright sales.
In addition, State Street BankOperational Risk, who is a member of the Federal Home Loan BankCRO’s executive management team, and a distributed risk management infrastructure that is aligned with our business units. The risk management groups aligned with the business units report directly to the CRO, and have operational risk managers who are responsible for the implementation of Boston. This membership allows for advancesthe operational risk framework at the business unit level.
Market Risk Management
Market risk is defined by U.S. banking regulators as the risk of liquidityloss that could result from broad market movements, such as changes in varying terms against high-quality collateral, which helps facilitatethe general level of interest rates, credit spreads, foreign exchange rates or commodity prices. State Street is exposed to market risk in both its trading and certain of its non-trading, or asset-and-liability management, of depository institutions. No Federal Home Loan Bank advances were outstanding as of September 30, 2013 or December 31, 2012.activities. The market risk management processes related to our trading activities, discussed in further detail below, apply to both on- and off-balance sheet exposures.
Each ofIn the above-described sources of liquidity is used in our management of daily cash needs and is available in a crisis scenario should we need to accommodate potential large, unexpected demand for funds.
Significant usesconduct of our trading activities, we assume market risk. The level of market risk that we assume is a function of our overall risk appetite, business objectives and liquidity generally result from the following: withdrawals of unsecured client deposits; draw-downs of unfunded commitments to extend credit or to purchase securities, generally provided through lines of credit;needs, our clients' requirements and short-duration advance facilities. Client deposits are generated mainly frommarket volatility, and our investment servicingexecution against those factors. Market risk associated with our trading activities and are invested in a combination of investment securities and short-duration financial instruments whose mix is determined by the characteristics of the deposits. Most of the client deposits are payable on demand or are short-term in nature, which characteristics mean that withdrawals can potentially occur quickly and in significant amounts. Similarly, clients can request disbursement of fundsdiscussed below under commitments to extend credit, or can overdraw their deposit accounts rapidly and in significant volumes.“Trading Activities.” In addition, a sizeable volumesupplemental disclosure
providing qualitative and quantitative information with respect to market risk associated with our trading activities is provided on the “Investor Relations” section of unanticipated funding requirements, suchour website.
Market risk associated with our non-trading activities, which consists primarily of interest-rate risk, is discussed under “Asset-and-Liability Management Activities.”
Trading Activities
We engage in trading activities primarily to support our clients' needs and to contribute to our overall corporate earnings and liquidity. In connection with certain of these trading activities, we enter into a variety of derivative financial instruments to support our clients' needs and to manage our interest-rate and currency risk. These activities are generally intended to generate trading services revenue and to manage potential earnings volatility. In addition, we provide services related to derivatives in our role as significant draw-downsboth a manager and a servicer of existing linesfinancial assets. Our clients use derivatives to manage the financial risks associated with their investment goals and business activities. With the growth of credit, could require additional liquidity. These demands on liquidity can be more substantial during periods of market disruption or uncertainty.
Material riskscross-border investing, our clients often enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to sources of short-term liquidity could include, among other things, adverse changesconvert currency for international investments and to manage the currency risk in their international investment portfolios. As an active participant in the perceptionforeign exchange markets, we provide foreign exchange forward and option contracts in support of these client needs, and also act as a dealer in the financial marketscurrency markets.   
As part of our financial condition or our liquidity needs,trading activities, we assume positions in the foreign exchange and downgradesinterest-rate markets by major independent credit rating agencies of our depositsbuying and our debt securities. Such changes in perception, or downgrades of our deposits or our debt securities, could restrict our ability to access the capital marketsselling cash instruments and could lead to withdrawals of unsecured deposits by our clients.
In managing our liquidity, from time to time we issue term wholesale certificates of deposit, or CDs,entering into derivative instruments, including foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign exchange and invest those funds in short-duration financial instruments, which are carried in our consolidated statement of conditioninterest-rate options and which would be available to meet our cash needs.interest-rate swaps, interest-rate forward contracts, and interest-rate futures. As of September 30, 2013, no CDs were outstanding, compared to $13.56 billion as of DecemberMarch 31, 2012, as client deposits remained stable.
While maintenance of our high investment-grade credit rating is of primary importance to our liquidity management program, our on-balance sheet liquid assets represent significant liquidity that we can directly control, and provide a source of cash in the form of principal maturities and the ability to borrow from the capital markets using our securities as collateral. Our net liquid assets consist primarily of cash balances at central banks in excess of regulatory requirements and other short-duration liquid assets, such as interest-bearing deposits with banks, which are multi-currency instruments invested with major multi-national banks, and high-quality, marketable investment securities not already pledged, which generally are more liquid than other types of assets and can be sold or borrowed against to generate cash quickly.
As of September 30, 20132014, the valueaggregate notional amount of our consolidated net liquid assets, as we define them, totaledthese derivative contracts was $127.81 billion1.24 trillion, comparedof which $1.23 trillion was composed of foreign exchange forward, swap and spot contracts. In the aggregate, we seek to match positions closely with the objective of minimizing related currency and interest-rate risk. All foreign exchange contracts are valued daily at current market rates. Additional information about derivative contracts entered into in connection with our trading activities is provided in note $149.02 billion11 as of December 31, 2012. For the third quarter and first nine months of2013, consolidated average net liquid assets were $108.48 billion and $113.57 billion, respectively, compared to $117.02 billion and $114.06 billion for the third quarter and first nine months of 2012, respectively. Due to the unusual size and volatile nature of client deposits as of quarter-end, we maintained cash balancesconsolidated financial statements included in excess of regulatory requirements of approximately $30.39 billion at the Federal Reserve, the ECB and other non-U.S. central banks as of September 30, 2013, compared to $41.11 billion as of December 31, 2012. As of September 30, 2013, the value of the parent company's net liquid assets totaled $2.98 billion, compared with $3.80 billion as of December 31, 2012. The parent company's liquid assets consisted primarily of overnight placements with its banking subsidiaries.this Form 10-Q.
Aggregate investment securities carried at $48.28 billion as of September 30, 2013, compared to $46.66 billion as of December 31, 2012, were designated as pledged for public and trust deposits, borrowed funds and for other purposes as provided by law, and are excluded from the liquid assets calculation, unless pledged internally between State Street affiliates. Liquid assets included securities pledged to the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston to secure State Street Bank's ability to borrow


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

from their discount window should the need arise. This access to primary credit
Governance
Our assumption of market risk in our trading activities is an important sourceintegral part of back-up liquidity forour corporate risk appetite. Our Board of Directors reviews and oversees our management of market risk, including the approval of key market risk policies and the receipt and review of regular market risk reporting, as well as periodic updates on selected market risk topics.
The TMRC is a management committee that oversees all market risk-taking activities across State Street Bank.associated with trading. The TMRC, which reports to the MRAC is composed of members of ERM; our Global Markets business; and our Global Treasury group, as well as our senior executives who manage our trading businesses and other members of management who possess specialized knowledge and expertise. Under authority delegated by the MRAC, the TMRC is responsible for the formulation of guidelines, strategies and work flows with respect to the measurement, monitoring and control of our trading market risk, and also approves market risk tolerance limits and dealing authorities. The TMRC meets regularly to monitor the management of our trading market risk activities.
Our business units identify, actively manage and are responsible for the market risks inherent in their businesses. A dedicated market risk management group within ERM, and other groups within ERM, work with those business units to assist them in the identification, assessment, monitoring, management and control of market risk, and assist business unit managers with their market risk management and measurement activities. ERM provides an additional line of oversight, support and coordination designed to promote the consistent identification, measurement and management of market risk across business units, separate from those business units' discrete activities.
The ERM market risk management group is responsible for the management of corporate-wide market risk, the monitoring of key market risks and the development and maintenance of market risk management policies, guidelines, and standards aligned with our corporate risk appetite. This market risk management group also establishes and approves market risk tolerance limits and dealing authorities based on, but not limited to, notional amount measures, sensitivity measures, VaR measures and stress measures. Such limits and authorities are specified in our trading and market risk guidelines which govern our management of trading market risk.
Our risk management and our calculations of regulatory capital and economic capital are based primarily on our internal VaR models and stress-
testing analysis. As discussed in detail under “Value-at-Risk” below, VaR is measured daily by ERM.
Market risk exposure is established within our risk appetite framework. These limits define threshold levels for VaR- and stressed VaR-based measures and are applicable to all trading positions subject to regulatory capital requirements.
Covered Positions
Our trading positions are subject to regulatory market risk capital requirements if they meet the regulatory definition of a “covered position.” The identification of covered positions for inclusion in our market risk capital framework is governed by our covered positions policy. This policy outlines the standards we use to determine whether a trading position is a covered position. September 30, 2013, State Street Bank had no outstanding primary credit borrowings
Our covered positions consist primarily of those arising from the discount window.trading portfolios held by our Global Markets business. These trading portfolios include products such as spot foreign exchange, foreign exchange forwards, non-deliverable forwards, foreign exchange options, foreign exchange funding swaps, currency futures, financial futures, and interest rate futures. Covered positions also arise from certain portfolios held by our Global Treasury group. Any new activities are analyzed to determine if the positions arising from such new activities meet the definition of a covered position and conform to our covered positions policy. This documented analysis, including any decisions with respect to market risk treatments, must receive approval from the TMRC.
Value-at-Risk, Stress Testing and Stressed VaR
Based onAs noted above, we use a variety of risk measurement tools and methodologies, including VaR, which is an estimate of potential loss for a given period within a stated statistical confidence interval. We use a risk measurement methodology to measure trading-related VaR daily. We have adopted standards for measuring trading-related VaR, and we maintain regulatory capital for market risk associated with our level of consolidated liquid assets and our ability to access the capital markets for additional funding when necessary, including our ability to issue debt and equity securities under our current universal shelf registration, management considers State Street's overall liquidity as of September 30, 2013 to be sufficient to meet its current commitments and business needs, including accommodating the transaction and cash management needs of its clients.trading activities in conformity with currently applicable bank regulatory market risk requirements.
We maintainutilize an effective universal shelf registrationinternal VaR model to calculate our regulatory market risk capital requirements. We use a historical simulation model to calculate daily VaR- and stressed VaR-based measures for our covered positions in conformity with regulatory requirements. Our VaR model seeks to capture identified material risk factors associated with our covered positions, including risks arising from market movements such as changes in foreign exchange rates, interest rates and option-implied volatilities.
We have adopted standards and guidelines to value our covered positions which govern our VaR-


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

and stressed VaR-based measures. Our regulatory VaR-based measure is calculated based on a one-tail, 99% confidence interval and a ten-business-day holding period, using a historical observation period of two years. We also use the same platform to calculate a one-tail, 99% confidence interval, one-business-day VaR for internal risk management purposes. A 99% one-tail confidence interval implies that allowsdaily trading losses are not expected to exceed the estimated VaR more than 1% of the time, or less than three business days out of a year.
Our market risk models, including our VaR model, are subject to change in connection with the governance, validation and back-testing processes described below. These models can change as a result of changes in our business activities, our historical experiences, market forces and events, regulations and regulatory interpretations and other factors. In addition, the models are subject to continuing regulatory review and approval. Changes in our models may result in changes in our measurements of our market risk exposures, including VaR, and related measures, including regulatory capital. These changes could result in material changes in those risk measurements and related measures as calculated and compared from period to period.
Value-at-Risk
VaR measures are based on two years of historical price movements for instruments and related risk factors to which we have exposure. The instruments in question are limited to foreign exchange spot, forward and options contracts and interest-rate contracts, including futures and interest-rate swaps.
Our VaR methodology uses a historical simulation approach based on market-observed changes in foreign exchange rates, U.S. and non-U.S. interest rates and implied volatilities, and incorporates the resulting diversification benefits provided from the mix of our trading positions. Our VaR model incorporates around 5,000 risk factors and includes correlations among currency, interest rates, and other market rates.
Stress Testing and Stressed VaR
We have a corporate-wide stress-testing program in place that incorporates an array of techniques to measure the potential loss we could suffer in a hypothetical scenario of adverse economic and financial conditions. We also monitor concentrations of risk such as concentration by branch, risk component, and currency pairs. We conduct stress testing on a daily basis based on selected historical stress events that are relevant to our positions in order to estimate the potential impact
to our current portfolio should similar market conditions recur, and we also perform stress testing as part of the Federal Reserve's annual CCAR process. Stress testing is conducted, analyzed and reported at the corporate, trading desk, division and risk-factor level (for example, exchange risk, interest-rate risk and volatility risk).
We calculate a stressed VaR-based measure using the same model we use to calculate VaR, but with model inputs calibrated to historical data from a range of continuous twelve-month periods that reflect significant financial stress. The sixty-day moving average of our stressed VaR-based measure was approximately$31 million for the public offeringtwelve months endedMarch 31, 2014, compared to a sixty-day moving average of approximately $28 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2013 and saleapproximately $16 million for the twelve months endedMarch 31, 2013.
Stress-testing results and limits are actively monitored on a daily basis by ERM and reported to the TMRC. Limit breaches are addressed by ERM risk managers in conjunction with the business units, escalated as appropriate, and reviewed by the TMRC if material. In addition, we have established several action triggers that prompt immediate review by management and the implementation of debt securities, a remediation plan.
Validation and Back-Testing
We perform daily back-testing to assess the accuracy of our VaR-based model in estimating loss at the stated confidence level. This back-testing involves the comparison of estimated VaR model outputs to actual profit-and-loss, or P&L, outcomes observed from daily market movements. We back-test our VaR model using “clean” P&L, which excludes non-trading revenue such as fees, commissions and net interest revenue, as well as estimated revenue from intra-day trading. We experienced no back-testing exceptions in the first quarter of 2014 or the first quarter of 2013.
Our market risk models are governed by our model risk governance guidelines, in conformity with our model risk governance policy, which outline the standards we use to assess the conceptual soundness and effectiveness of our models. Our market risk models are subject to regular review and validation by our Model Validation group within ERM and overseen by the MAC. The MAC, chaired by a senior executive in ERM, was established for the purpose of providing recommendations on technical modeling issues to the corporate oversight committees. The MAC includes members with expertise in modeling methodologies and has representation from the various business units


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

throughout State Street. Additional information is provided under “Model Risk Management.”
Our model validation process also evaluates the integrity of our VaR models through the use of regular outcome analysis. Such outcome analysis includes back-testing, which compares the VaR model's predictions to actual outcomes using out-of-sample information. The Model Validation Group examined back-testing results for the market risk regulatory
capital securities, common stock, depositary sharesmodel used for 2012. Consistent with regulatory guidance, the back-testing compared “clean” P&L, defined above, with the one-day VaR produced by the model. The back-testing was performed for a time period not used for model development. The number of occurrences where “clean” trading-book P&L exceeded the one-day VaR was within our expected VaR tolerance level.

The following tables present VaR associated with our trading activities for covered positions held during the first quarter ended March 31, 2014 and preferred stock,the first quarter ended March 31, 2013, and warrantsas of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, as measured by our VaR methodology.
VaR - COVERED PORTFOLIOS (TEN-DAY VaR)Quarter Ended March 31, 2014 Quarter Ended March 31, 2013 As of March 31, 2014 As of December 31, 2013
(In thousands)Average Maximum Minimum Average Maximum Minimum VaR VaR
Foreign exchange$6,321
 $12,327
 $2,273
 $7,114
 $22,835
 $1,626
 $4,664
 $5,463
Money market/Global Treasury51
 62
 42
 140
 559
 24
 61
 58
Total VaR$6,298
 $12,283
 $2,262
 $7,046
 $22,834
 $1,641
 $4,634
 $5,441
STRESSED VaR - COVERED PORTFOLIOS (TEN-DAY VaR)Quarter Ended March 31, 2014 Quarter Ended March 31, 2013 As of March 31, 2014 As of December 31, 2013
(In thousands)Average Maximum Minimum Average Maximum Minimum VaR VaR
Foreign exchange$30,664
 $50,900
 $15,625
 $16,424
 $37,633
 $5,333
 $34,072
 $30,338
Money market/Global Treasury230
 572
 84
 310
 965
 56
 140
 280
Total Stressed VaR$30,610
 $50,795
 $15,495
 $16,313
 $37,445
 $5,385
 $33,930
 $30,403
The VaR-based measures presented in the preceding tables are primarily a reflection of the overall level of market volatility and our appetite for trading market risk. Overall levels of volatility have been low both on an absolute basis and relative to purchase such securities, including any shares intothe historical information observed at the beginning of the period used for the calculations. Both the ten-day VaR-based measures and the stressed VaR-based measures are based on historical changes observed during rolling ten-day periods for the portfolios as of the close of business each day over the past one-year period.
The decrease in the maximum VaR measure for foreign exchange for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2013 was the result of declining market volatility, particularly foreign exchange volatility.  In addition, the high level of volatility that occurred in the third and fourth quarters of 2011 was no longer included in the advancing two-year window for historical price movements and related risk factors used to measure VaR.  The increase in the stressed-VaR measures for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2013 resulted from the
model changes, described below, that we implemented beginning on July 1, 2013. The increase in the stressed-VaR measure for foreign exchange as of March 31, 2014 compared to December 31, 2013 was due primarily to increases in our exposures to both on-shore and off-shore yield curves in foreign currency.
Beginning on July 1, 2013, we implemented two significant changes to our stressed-VAR model. The net effect of the two changes resulted in increases in our stressed VaR-based measures, calculated based on a 99% confidence interval. The changes involved the introduction of off-shore yield curves for non-deliverable forward contracts in our portfolios of covered positions and the use of absolute changes in place of relative or percentage changes for interest-rate risk factors (both base curves and spread curves).
We may in the future further modify and adjust our models and methodologies used to calculate VaR, subject to regulatory review and approval, and these modifications and adjustments may result in changes in our VaR measures, some of which the preferred stock and depositary shares may be convertible,significant.






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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

The following table presents VaR associated with our trading activities attributable to foreign exchange rates, interest rates and volatility as ofMarch 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. The totals of the VaR amounts attributable to foreign exchange rates, interest rates and volatility for each VaR component exceeded the component VaR measures presented in the foregoing table as of each period-end, primarily due to the benefits of diversification across risk types.
VaR - COVERED PORTFOLIOS (TEN-DAY VaR)As of March 31, 2014 As of December 31, 2013
(In thousands)Foreign Exchange Interest Rate Volatility Foreign Exchange Interest Rate Volatility
By component:           
Foreign exchange/Global Markets$4,107
 $4,132
 $234
 $3,492
 $4,561
 $306
Money market/Global Treasury48
 25
 
 46
 52
 
Total VaR$4,070
 $4,125
 $234
 $3,457
 $4,577
 $306
Asset-and-Liability Management Activities
The primary objective of asset-and-liability management is to provide sustainable and growing net interest revenue, or any combination thereof.NIR, under varying economic environments, while protecting the economic value of the assets and liabilities carried in our consolidated statement of condition from the adverse effects of changes in interest rates. While many market factors affect the level of NIR and the economic value of our assets and liabilities, one of the most significant factors is our exposure to movements in interest rates. Most of our NIR is earned from the investment of client deposits generated by our businesses. We invest these client deposits in assets that conform generally to the characteristics of our balance sheet liabilities, including the currency composition of our significant non-U.S. dollar denominated client liabilities, but we manage our overall interest-rate risk position in the context of current and anticipated market conditions and within internally-approved risk guidelines.
Our overall interest-rate risk position is maintained within a series of policies approved by the Board and guidelines established and monitored by ALCCO. Our Global Treasury group has responsibility for managing our day-to-day interest-rate risk. To effectively manage our consolidated statement of condition and related NIR, Global Treasury has the authority to assume a limited amount of interest-rate risk based on market conditions and its views about the direction of global interest rates over both short-term and long-term time horizons. Global Treasury manages our exposure to changes in interest rates on a consolidated basis organized into three regional treasury units, North America, Europe and Asia/Pacific, to reflect the growing, global nature of our exposures and to capture the impact of changes in regional market environments on our total risk position.
The economic value of our consolidated statement of condition is a metric designed to estimate the fair value of assets and liabilities which

could be garnered if those assets and liabilities were sold today. The economic values represent discounted cash flows from all financial instruments; therefore, changes in the yield curves, which are used to discount the cash flows, affect the values of these instruments.
Our investment activities and our use of derivative financial instruments are the primary tools used in managing interest-rate risk. We invest in financial instruments with currency, repricing, and maturity characteristics we consider appropriate to manage our overall interest-rate risk position. In addition, we use certain derivative instruments, primarily interest-rate swaps, to alter the interest-rate characteristics of specific balance sheet assets or liabilities.
Additional information about our measurement of fair value and our use of derivatives is provided in notes May 2013, we issued an aggregate of $1.50 billion of long-term debt, composed of $500 million of 1.35% senior notes due May 15, 20182 and $1.0 billion11 of 3.1% subordinated notes due May 15, 2023. Additional information about this issuance is provided in note 7, respectively, to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Because no one individual measure can accurately assess all of our exposures to changes in interest rates, we use several quantitative measures in our assessment of current and potential future exposures to changes in interest rates and their impact on NIR and balance sheet values. NIR simulation is the primary tool used in our evaluation of the potential range of possible NIR results that could occur under a variety of interest-rate environments. We have issuedalso use market valuation and duration analysis to assess changes in the past,economic value of balance sheet assets and liabilities caused by assumed changes in interest rates.
To measure, monitor, and report on our interest-rate risk position, we may issueuse NIR simulation, or NIR-at-risk, and economic value of equity, or EVE, sensitivity. NIR-at-risk measures the impact on NIR over the next twelve months to immediate, or “rate shock,” and gradual, or “rate ramp,” changes in market interest rates. EVE sensitivity is a total return view of interest-rate risk, which measures the impact on the present


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

value of all NIR-related principal and interest cash flows of an immediate change in interest rates, and is generally used in the context of economic capital discussed under “Economic Capital” in “Financial Condition - Capital” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis. Although NIR-at-risk and EVE sensitivity measure interest-rate risk over different time horizons, both utilize consistent assumptions when modeling the positions currently held by State Street; however, NIR-at-risk also incorporates future actions planned by management over the time horizons being modeled.
In calculating our NIR-at-risk, we start with a base amount of NIR that is projected over the next twelve months, assuming our forecast yield curve over the period. Our existing balance sheet assets and liabilities are adjusted by the amount and timing of transactions that are forecast to occur over the next twelve months. That yield curve is then “shocked,” or moved immediately, +/-100 basis points in a parallel fashion, or at all points along the yield curve. Two new twelve-month NIR projections are then developed using the same balance sheet and forecast transactions, but with the new yield curves, and compared to the base scenario. We also perform the calculations using interest-rate ramps, which are +/-100-basis-point changes in interest rates that are assumed to occur gradually over the next twelve months, rather than immediately as we do with interest-rate shocks.
EVE is based on the change in the present value of all NIR-related principal and interest cash flows for changes in market rates of interest. The present value of existing cash flows with a then-current yield curve serves as the base case. We then apply an immediate parallel shock to that yield curve of ±200 basis points and recalculate the cash flows and related present values. A large shock is used to better capture the embedded option risk in our mortgage-backed securities pursuantthat results from borrowers' prepayment opportunities.
Key assumptions used in the models, described in more detail below, along with changes in market conditions, are inherently uncertain. Actual results necessarily differ from model results as market conditions differ from assumptions. As such, management performs back-testing, stress testing, and model integrity analyses to validate that the modeled results produce predictive NIR-at-risk and EVE sensitivity estimates which can be used in our management of interest-rate risk. Primary factors affecting the actual results are changes in our balance sheet size and mix; the timing, magnitude and frequency of changes in interest rates, including the slope and the relationship between the interest-rate level of U.S. dollar and non-U.S. dollar yield
curves; changes in market conditions; and management actions taken in response to the preceding conditions.
Both NIR-at-risk and EVE sensitivity results are managed against ALCCO-approved limits and guidelines and are monitored regularly, along with other relevant simulations, scenario analyses and stress tests, by both Global Treasury and ALCCO. Our ALCCO-approved guidelines are, we believe, in line with industry standards and are periodically examined by the Federal Reserve.
Based on our current balance sheet composition where fixed-rate assets exceed fixed-rate liabilities, reported results of NIR-at-risk could depict an increase in NIR from a rate increase while EVE presents a loss. A change in this balance sheet profile may result in different outcomes under both NIR-at-risk and EVE. NIR-at-risk depicts the change in the nominal (undiscounted) dollar net interest flows which are generated from the forecast statement of condition over the next twelve months.  As interest rates increase, the interest expense associated with our client deposit liabilities is assumed to increase at a slower pace than the investment returns derived from our current balance sheet or the associated reinvestment of our interest-earning assets, resulting in an overall increase to NIR. EVE, on the other hand, measures the present value change of both principal and interest cash flows based on the current period-end balance sheet. As a result, EVE does not contemplate reinvestment of our assets associated with a change in the interest-rate environment. 
Although NIR in both NIR-at-risk and EVE sensitivity is higher in response to increased interest rates, the future principal flows from fixed-rate investments are discounted at higher rates for EVE, which results in lower asset values and a corresponding reduction or loss in EVE. As noted above, NIR-at-risk does not analyze changes in the value of principal cash flows and therefore does not experience the same reduction experienced by EVE sensitivity associated with discounting principal cash flows at higher rates.
Net Interest Revenue at Risk
NIR-at-risk is designed to measure the potential impact of changes in global market interest rates on NIR in the short term. The impact of changes in market rates on NIR is measured against a baseline NIR which encompasses management's expectations regarding the evolving balance sheet volumes and interest rates in the near-term. The goal is to achieve an acceptable level of NIR under various interest-rate environments. Assumptions regarding levels of client deposits and our ability to price these deposits under various rate environments have a significant impact


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

on the results of the NIR simulations. Similarly, the timing of cash flows from our investment portfolio, especially option-embedded financial instruments like mortgage-backed securities, and our ability to replace these cash flows in line with management's expectations, can affect the results of NIR simulations.
The following table presents the estimated exposure of our NIR for the next twelve months, calculated as of the dates indicated, due to an immediate +/-100-basis-point shift to our shelf registration. The issuanceinternal forecast of debtglobal interest rates. We manage our NIR sensitivity to limit declines to 15% or equity securities will dependless from baseline NIR. Estimated incremental exposures presented below are dependent on future market conditions, funding needsmanagement's assumptions, and other factors.do not reflect any additional actions management may undertake in order to mitigate some of the adverse effects of changes in interest rates on our financial performance.
 
Estimated Exposure to
Net Interest Revenue
(Dollars in millions)March 31,
2014
 December 31,
2013
Rate change:Exposure % of Base NIR Exposure % of Base NIR
+100 bps shock$344
 14.2% $334
 14.0%
–100 bps shock(291) (12.0) (261) (10.9)
+100 bps ramp128
 5.3
 126
 5.3
–100 bps ramp(158) (6.5) (124) (5.2)
We currently maintain a corporate commercial paper program, under which we are able to issue up to $3 billion of commercial paper with original maturities of up to 270 days from the date of issuance. As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, we had $1.26 billion of commercial paper outstanding under this corporate program,NIR sensitivity to an upward-100-basis-point shock in global interest rates was slightly higher compared to $2.32 billionsuch sensitivity as of December 31, 20122013, due to a higher level of forecast client deposits. The benefit to NIR of an upward-100-basis-point ramp is less significant than a shock, since interest rates are assumed to increase gradually.
NIR sensitivity to a downward-100-basis-point shock in global interest rates as of March 31, 2014 increased compared to such sensitivity as of December 31, 2013. Increased levels of forecast client deposits, while beneficial to baseline NIR, do not provide relief in the downward shock scenario, as they have no room to fully re-price from current levels as their pricing basis falls. A downward-100-basis-point shock in global interest rates places pressure on NIR, as deposit rates reach their implicit floors due to the exceptionally low globalinterest-rate environment, and provide little funding relief on the liability side, while assets re-price into the lower-rate environment.
Our baseline NIR incorporates an expectation that short-term interest rates will begin to rise in anticipation of central bank tightening of current
monetary policies. While this rise in rates benefits our baseline NIR, it is detrimental to our NIR sensitivity to a downward-100-basis-point shock, as rising short-term interest rates allow asset yields to re-price lower in a downward shock scenario than previously, while deposits are still priced close to natural floors.
Other important factors which affect the levels of NIR are the size and mix of assets carried in our consolidated statement of condition; interest-rate spreads; the slope and interest-rate level of U.S. and non-U.S. dollar yield curves and the relationship between them; the pace of change in global market interest rates; and management actions taken in response to the preceding conditions.
Economic Value of Equity
EVE sensitivity measures changes in the market value of equity to quantify potential losses to shareholders due to an immediate +/-200-basis-point rate shock compared to current interest-rate levels if the balance sheet were liquidated immediately. Management compares the change in EVE sensitivity against State Street's aggregate tier 1 and tier 2 risk-based capital, calculated in conformity with currently applicable regulatory requirements, to evaluate whether the magnitude of the exposure to interest rates is acceptable. Generally, a change resulting from a +/-200-basis-point rate shock that is less than 20% of aggregate tier 1 and tier 2 capital is an exposure that management deems acceptable. To the extent that we manage changes in EVE sensitivity within the 20% threshold, we would seek to take action to remain below the threshold if the magnitude of our exposure to interest rates approached that limit.
Similar to NIR-at-risk measures, the timing of cash flows affects EVE sensitivity, as changes in asset and liability values under different rate scenarios are dependent on when interest and principal payments are received. In contrast to NIR simulations, however, EVE sensitivity does not incorporate assumptions regarding reinvestment of these cash flows. In addition, our ability to price client deposits has a much smaller impact on EVE sensitivity, as EVE sensitivity does not consider the ongoing benefit of investing client deposits.
The following table presents estimated EVE exposures, calculated as of the dates indicated, assuming an immediate and prolonged shift in global interest rates, the impact of which would be spread over a number of years.


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

 
Estimated Sensitivity of
Economic Value of Equity
(Dollars in millions)March 31,
2014
 December 31,
2013
Rate change:Exposure % of Tier 1/Tier 2 Capital Exposure % of Tier 1/Tier 2 Capital
+200 bps shock$(2,346) (13.2)% $(2,359) (14.9)%
–200 bps shock1,146
 6.5
 1,149
 7.2
Exposure to upward- and downward-200-basis-point shocks as of March 31, 2014 improved compared to December 31, 2013. A lower concentration of fixed-rate securities in the investment portfolio and related hedging activity in 2013 reduced EVE sensitivity to changes in market rates.
Model Risk Management
The use of financial models is widespread throughout the banking and financial services industry, with larger and more complex organizations employing dozens of sophisticated models on a daily basis to measure risk exposures, determine economic and regulatory capital levels, and guide investment decisions, among other things. However, even as models represent a significant advancement in financial management, the models themselves represent a new source of risk, i.e., the potential for adverse consequences or financial loss from decisions based on incorrect, misused or misinterpreted model outputs and reports.
In large banking organizations like State Street, where financial models and their outputs exert significant influence on business decisions, and where model failure could have a particularly harmful effect on our financial strength and performance, model risk is managed within an extensive and rigorous risk management framework. This framework is documented in our Model Risk Governance policy statement and accompanying Model Risk Governance guidelines.
Our model risk management program has three principal components:
A model risk governance program supports risk management by defining roles and responsibilities, by providing policies and guidance that define relevant model risk management activities, and by describing procedures that implement those policies;
A model development process facilitates the appropriate design and accuracy of models; the development process also includes ongoing model integrity activities designed to test for robustness and stability and to evaluate a model's limitations and assumptions; and
A set of model validation processes and activities is designed to validate that models are theoretically sound, are performing as expected, and are in line with their design objectives; model validation also checks that a model's key assumptions and limitations are identified and clearly communicated to the model's end users and to senior management.
The MAC, chaired by the head of the Model Validation Group, was established to provide recommendations on technical modeling issues to the corporate oversight committees. The MAC includes members with expertise in modeling methodologies, and has representation from the various business units throughout State Street.
Business Risk Management
We define business risk as the risk of adverse changes in our earnings related to business factors, including changes in the competitive environment, changes in the operational economics of our business activities and the potential effect of strategic and reputation risks, not already captured as trading market, interest-rate, credit, operational or liquidity risks. We incorporate business risk into our assessment of our strategic plans and economic capital needs. Active management of business risk is an integral component of all aspects of our business, and responsibility for the management of business risk lies with every employee at State Street.
Separating the effects of a potential material adverse event into operational and business risk is sometimes difficult. For instance, the direct financial impact of an unfavorable event in the form of fines or penalties would be classified as an operational risk loss, while the impact on our reputation and consequently the potential loss of clients and corresponding decline in revenue would be classified as a business risk loss. An additional example of business risk is the integration of a major acquisition. Failure to successfully integrate the operations of an acquired business, and the resultant inability to retain clients and the associated revenue, would be classified as a loss due to business risk.
Business risk is managed with a long-term focus. Techniques for its assessment and management include the development of business


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

plans and appropriate management oversight. The potential impact of the various elements of business risk is difficult to quantify with any degree of precision. We use a combination of historical earnings volatility, scenario analysis, stress-testing and management judgment to help assess the potential effect on State Street attributable to business risk. Management and control of business risks are generally the responsibility of the business units as part of their overall strategic planning and internal risk management processes.
Capital
The management of both our regulatory and economic capital involves key metrics evaluated by management to assess whether our actual level of capital is commensurate with our risk profile, is in compliance with all applicable regulatory requirements, and is sufficient to provide us with the financial flexibility to undertake future strategic business initiatives. We assess capital based on relevant regulatory capital adequacy requirements, as well as our own internal capital targets.
Framework
Our objective with respect to management of capital is to maintain a strong capital base in order to provide financial flexibility for our business needs, including funding corporate growth and supporting clients’ cash management needs, and to provide protection against loss to depositors and creditors. We strive to maintain an appropriate level of capital, commensurate with our risk profile, on which an attractive return to shareholders is expected to be realized over both the short and long term, while protecting our obligations to depositors and creditors and complying with regulatory capital adequacy requirements. Our capital management process focuses on our risk exposures, the regulatory requirements applicable to us with respect to capital adequacy, the evaluations and resulting credit ratings of the major independent credit rating agencies, our return on capital at both the consolidated and line-of-business level, and our capital position relative to our peers.
Our evaluation of capital includes the comparison of capital sources with capital uses, as well as the consideration of the quality and quantity of the various components of capital, as two of several inputs in our overall assessment of our capital adequacy. The goals of the capital evaluation process are to determine the optimal level of capital and composition of capital instruments to satisfy all constituents of capital, with the lowest overall cost to shareholders. Other factors considered in our capital evaluation process are strategic and contingency planning, stress testing and planned capital actions.
Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment
Our primary federal banking regulator is the Federal Reserve. Both State Street and State Street Bank are subject to the minimum regulatory capital requirements established by the Federal Reserve and defined in the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, or FDICIA. State Street Bank must exceed the regulatory capital thresholds for “well capitalized” in order for our parent company to maintain its status as a financial holding company. Accordingly, our primary goal with respect to capital adequacy is to exceed all applicable minimum regulatory capital requirements and to be “well-capitalized” under the Prompt Corrective Action guidelines established by the FDIC. Our capital adequacy program includes our Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process, or ICAAP, and associated capital policies.
We consider capital adequacy to be a key element of our financial well-being, which affects our ability to attract and maintain client relationships; operate effectively in the global capital markets; and satisfy regulatory, security holder and shareholder needs. Capital is one of several elements that affect State Street’s debt ratings and the ratings of our principal subsidiaries.
In conformity with our capital policies, we strive to maintain adequate capital, not just at a point in time, but over time and during periods of stress, to account for changes in our strategic direction, evolving economic conditions, and financial and market volatility. We have developed and implemented a corporate-wide ICAAP to assess our overall capital and liquidity in relation to our risk profile and to provide a comprehensive strategy for maintaining appropriate capital and liquidity levels. The ICAAP considers material risks under multiple scenarios, with an emphasis on stress scenarios. The ICAAP builds on and leverages existing processes and systems used to measure our capital adequacy. Our ICAAP policy is reviewed and approved by the Board’s RCC.
Capital Contingency Planning
Contingency planning is an integral component of our capital management program. The objective of our contingency planning process is to monitor current and forecast levels of select measures that serve as preemptive indicators of a potentially adverse capital or liquidity adequacy situation. These measures are one of the inputs used to set our capital adequacy level. We review these measures annually for appropriateness and relevance in relation to our financial budget and capital plan.


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Stress Testing
We have a robust State Street-wide stress-testing program that executes multiple stress tests each year. Our stress testing program is structured around what we determine to be the key risks incurred by State Street. These key risks serve as an organizing principle for much of our risk management framework, as well as reporting, including the “risk dashboard” provided to the Board. Over the past few years, stress scenarios have included a deep recession in the U.S., a break-up of the Eurozone, and an oil shock precipitated by turmoil in the Middle East/North Africa region.
In connection with the focus on our key risks, each stress test incorporates idiosyncratic loss events tailored to State Street‘s unique risk profile. Due to the nature of our business model and our consolidated statement of condition, our risks differ from those of a traditional commercial bank.
The Federal Reserve requires bank holding companies with total consolidated assets of $50 billion or more, which includes State Street, to submit a capital plan on an annual basis. The Federal Reserve uses its annual CCAR process, which incorporates hypothetical financial and economic stress scenarios, to review those capital plans and assess whether banking organizations have capital planning processes that account for idiosyncratic risks and provide for sufficient capital to continue operations throughout times of economic and financial stress. As part of its CCAR process, the Federal Reserve assesses each organization’s capital adequacy, capital planning process, and plans to distribute capital, such as dividend payments or stock purchase programs. Management and Board risk committees review and approve CCAR results and assumptions before submission to the Federal Reserve.
Information about the Federal Reserve’s review of our capital plan for 2014, submitted in January 2014 in connection with the CCAR process, is provided under “Capital Actions” in this “Capital” section.
Governance
In order to support integrated decision making, we have identified three management elements to aid in the compatibility and coordination of our capital adequacy strategies and processes:
Risk Management - identification, measurement, monitoring and forecasting of different types of risk and their combined impact on capital adequacy;
Capital Management - determination of optimal capital and liquidity levels; and
Business Management - strategic planning, budgeting, forecasting, and performance management.
We have a hierarchical structure supporting appropriate committee review of relevant risk and capital information. The ongoing responsibility for capital management rests with our Treasurer. The Capital Planning group within Global Treasury is responsible for capital policies, development of the capital plan, the management of global capital, capital optimization, and business unit capital management.
ALCCO has oversight of our management of regulatory capital, capital adequacy with respect to regulatory requirements, internal targets and the expectations of the major independent credit rating agencies. ALCCO’s roles and responsibilities are designed to work complementary to and coordinated with the MRAC, which approves State Street’s balance sheet strategy and related activities. The Board’s RCC assists the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities related to the assessment and management of risk and capital.
Regulatory Capital
The following tables present regulatory capital ratios, the components of tier 1, tier 2 and total capital, and the components of total risk-weighted assets, for State Street and State Street Bank as of the dates indicated:

 Currently Applicable Regulatory Guidelines State Street State Street Bank
 Minimum 
Well
Capitalized
 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio4% 6% 18.3% 17.3% 17.3% 16.4%
Total risk-based capital ratio8
 10
 21.0
 19.7
 19.6
 19.0
Tier 1 leverage ratio(1)
4
 5
 7.4
 6.9
 6.9
 6.4
(1) Regulatory guideline for “well capitalized” applies only to State Street Bank.


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

 State Street State Street Bank
(In millions)March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Tier 1 capital(1):
       
Total common shareholders' equity$20,040
 $19,887
 $20,024
 $19,755
Preferred stock1,233
 491
 
 
Trust preferred capital securities(2)
475
 950
 
 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities(3)
(6,122) (7,743) (5,838) (7,341)
Other(139) 310
 (63) 304
Tier 1 capital15,487
 13,895
 14,123
 12,718
Tier 2 capital(1):
       
Qualifying subordinated debt1,738
 1,918
 1,755
 1,936
Trust preferred capital securities(2)
475
 
 
 
Allowances for on- and off-balance sheet credit exposures and other50
 48
 48
 45
Tier 2 capital2,263
 1,966
 1,803
 1,981
Deduction for investments in finance subsidiaries
 (74) 
 
Total capital(1)
$17,750
 $15,787
 $15,926
 $14,699
Total risk-weighted assets(4):
       
On-balance sheet assets:       
Cash and interest-bearing assets$2,362
 $2,175
 $2,191
 $1,979
Investment securities34,134
 34,000
 33,435
 33,514
Loans and leases15,754
 13,201
 15,807
 13,257
Interest, fees and other receivables2,746
 2,951
 2,111
 2,332
Other assets9,835
 7,950
 8,183
 6,517
Total on-balance sheet assets64,831
 60,277
 61,727
 57,599
Off-balance sheet equivalent assets:       
Guarantees and unfunded commitments to extend credit10,989
 10,125
 10,989
 10,125
Foreign exchange derivative contracts4,167
 5,282
 4,167
 5,302
Standby letters of credit and asset purchase agreements3,011
 2,995
 3,011
 2,995
Other315
 185
 173
 176
Total off-balance sheet equivalent assets18,482
 18,587
 18,340
 18,598
Market risk equivalent assets1,381
 1,262
 1,381
 1,262
Total risk-weighted assets$84,694
 $80,126
 $81,448

$77,459
Adjusted quarterly average assets$209,021
 $202,801
 $205,409
 $199,301
(1) The provisions of the Basel III final rule (refer to “Basel Capital Framework”) affecting the calculation of capital were effective, with related phase-in provisions, on January 1, 2014; accordingly, as of March 31, 2014, amounts for State Street and State Street Bank were calculated in conformity with the provisions of the Basel III final rule.
(2) As of March 31, 2014, amount reflected the phase-out of 50% of trust preferred capital securities from tier 1 capital and inclusion of the same amount in tier 2 capital, in conformity with the Basel III final rule.
(3) As of March 31, 2014, amounts for State Street and State Street Bank were composed of goodwill, net of associated deferred tax liabilities, and 20% of other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities, the latter phased in as a deduction from capital, in conformity with the Basel III final rule.
(4) Amounts for State Street and State Street Bank for all periods presented were calculated in conformity with the provisions of Basel I.


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

As of March 31, 2014, State Street's regulatory capital ratios increased compared to December 31, 2013, primarily the result of higher capital, partly offset by an increase in total risk-weighted assets.
The increases in State Street's tier 1 and total capital were the result of the first-quarter 2014 issuance of preferred stock, the impact of the phase-in provisions of the Basel III final rule related to other intangible assets and the positive effect of net income, partly offset by declarations of common and preferred stock dividends and purchases by us of our common stock. The increase in total risk-weighted assets was primarily associated with higher on-balance sheet assets, mainly due to higher levels of loans and other assets.
The increase in the tier 1 leverage ratio mainly resulted from the above-described increase in tier 1 capital, partly offset by an increase in adjusted quarterly average assets associated with balance sheet growth during the first quarter of 2014.
As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, State Street Bank had Board authorityBank's regulatory capital ratios increased compared to issue unsecured senior debt securities from time to time, provided that the aggregate principal amount of such unsecured senior debt outstanding at any one time does not exceed $5 billion. As of the same date, $4 billion was available for issuance pursuant to this authority. As of September 30,December 31, 2013, primarily the result of higher capital, partly offset by an increase in total risk-weighted assets.
State Street Bank's tier 1 and total capital increased, the result of the above-described phase-in provisions of the Basel III final rule related to other intangible assets and the positive effect of net income, partly offset by the payment of dividends by State Street Bank hadto our parent company. The increase in total risk-weighted assets was the result of the above-mentioned changes in on-balance sheet assets.
The increase in the tier 1 leverage ratio resulted from the above-described increase in tier 1 capital, partly offset by an increase in adjusted quarterly average assets associated with balance sheet growth during the first quarter of 2014.
Capital Actions
Preferred Stock
In February 2014, we issued 30 million depositary shares, each representing a 1/4,000th ownership interest in a share of State Street’s fixed-to-floating-rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series D, without par value, with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share), in a public offering. The aggregate proceeds from the offering, net of underwriting discounts, commissions and other issuance costs, were approximately $742 million.
In the first quarter of 2014, we declared aggregate dividends on our non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series C (represented by depositary
shares, each representing a 1/4,000th ownership interest in a share of State Street’s non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series C) of $1,313 per share, or approximately $0.33 per depositary share, totaling approximately $6 million. In the first quarter of 2013, dividends on our perpetual preferred stock, Series C, totaled approximately $7 million.
Common Stock
In March 2014, we received the results of the Federal Reserve's review of our 2014 capital plan in connection with its annual CCAR process. The Federal Reserve did not object to the capital actions we proposed, and, in March 2014, our Board authority to issueapproved a new common stock purchase program authorizing the purchase of up to $1.51.70 billion of subordinated debt.our common stock through March 31, 2015. We did not purchase any of our common stock under the new program in the first quarter of 2014.
In the first quarter of 2014, we completed the $2.10 billion program authorized by the Board in March 2013 by purchasing approximately 6.1 million shares of our common stock, at an average price of $69.14 per share and an aggregate cost of approximately $420 million.
In each of the first quarter of 2014 and the first quarter of 2013, we declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $0.26 per share, totaling approximately $112 million and $118 million, respectively. Our 2014 capital plan includes a proposed increase in our second-quarter 2014 common stock dividend to $0.30 per share, subject to consideration and approval by the Board at its scheduled meeting in May.
Federal and state banking regulations place certain restrictions on dividends paid by subsidiary banks to the parent holding company. In addition, banking regulators have the authority to prohibit bank holding companies from paying dividends. Information concerning limitations on dividends from our subsidiary banks is provided in “Related Stockholder Matters” included under Item 5, and in note 15 to the consolidated financial statements, included in our 2013 Form 10-K.
Basel Capital Framework
Overview
We are currently subject to the applicable minimum regulatory capital ratio requirements enforced by U.S. banking regulators, referred to as Basel I. Basel I was developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, or Basel Committee, in 1988.
In July 2013, U.S. banking regulators jointly issued a final rule implementing the Basel III framework in the U.S., referred to as the Basel III final


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

rule. The provisions of Basel III are more fully described under “Basel III” below.
The Basel III final rule will become effective under a transition timetable which began on January 1, 2014. As of that date, our calculations of our tier 1 capital and total capital are governed by the sameprovisions of the Basel III final rule, while our calculation of our total risk-weighted assets continues to be governed by the provisions of Basel I. The provisions of the Basel III final rule will supersede or modify corresponding elements of the Basel I- and Basel II-related capital requirements and prompt corrective action framework. The timing of application of certain provisions of the Basel III final rule is dependent on banking organizations' completion of the required qualification period.
On February 21, 2014, we were notified by the Federal Reserve that we have completed our qualification period and will be required to begin using the advanced approaches framework provided in the Basel III final rule in the determination of our risk-based capital requirements. Pursuant to this notification, we will use the advanced approaches framework to calculate and publicly disclose our risk-based capital ratios beginning with the second quarter of 2014. In 2014, under the Basel III final rule, we will be subject to the minimum risk-based capital ratios under both the advanced approaches and generally applicable risk-based capital frameworks in Basel III and Basel I, respectively, in the assessment of our capital adequacy for regulatory purposes.
Basel III
Under the Basel III final rule, a banking organization will be able to make capital distributions, subject to other regulatory constraints, such as the review of capital plans, and discretionary bonus payments without specified limitations as long as it maintains a required capital conservation buffer of 2.5% over each of the minimum tier 1 and total risk-based capital ratios and the common equity tier 1 capital ratio (plus any potentially applicable countercyclical capital buffer). Banking regulators will establish the minimum countercyclical capital buffer, which is initially set by banking regulators at zero, up to a maximum of 2.5% above the minimum ratios inclusive of the capital conservation buffer, under certain economic conditions.
As of January 1, 2019, the date that full implementation is required, and assuming no countercyclical buffer, the minimum Basel III capital ratios, including the capital conservation buffer, will be 7% for common equity tier 1 capital, 8.5% for tier 1 risk-based capital and 10.5% for total risk-based
capital, in order for us to make capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments without limitation. The denominator of each of these Basel III ratios is calculated differently under the Basel III final rule than those similar ratios calculated under Basel I, and therefore these Basel III ratios are not directly comparable with the ratios presented in the preceding “Regulatory Capital” section.
The Basel III final rule provides for two frameworks: the “standardized” approach, intended to replace Basel I, and the “advanced” approach, applicable to advanced approaches banking organizations, like State Street, as originally defined under Basel II. The calculation of risk-weighted assets under the Basel III standardized approach will become effective on January 1, 2015. The requirement for the capital conservation buffer will be phased in beginning on January 1, 2016, with full implementation by January 1, 2019.
Once the provisions of the Basel III final rule are fully implemented effective January 1, 2015, the more stringent of the Basel III tier I common ratio calculated by us under the Basel III advanced approach and the standardized approach will apply in the assessment of our capital adequacy for regulatory purposes.
The provisions of Basel III supersede or modify corresponding elements of the Basel I and Basel II risk-based and leverage capital requirements and the prompt corrective action provisions of FDICIA.
Estimated Basel III Tier 1 Common Ratio
As described above, the Basel III final rule adds a requirement for a minimum common equity tier 1 capital ratio, or tier 1 common ratio. The tier 1 common ratio is calculated by dividing tier 1 capital, reduced by non-common elements such as trust preferred capital securities and preferred stock, by total risk-weighted assets.
The following table presents our tier 1 common ratio as of March 31, 2014, calculated using currently applicable regulatory requirements, and our estimated tier 1 common ratios as of March 31, 2014, under both the standardized approach and the advanced approach. These estimated Basel III tier 1 common ratios are preliminary estimates, calculated in conformity with the advanced and standardized approaches in the Basel III final rule, based on our present interpretations of the Basel III final rule. As indicated above, under the Basel III final rule, the more stringent of the Basel III tier 1 common ratios calculated by us under the standardized and advanced approaches will apply in the assessment of our capital adequacy under the prompt corrective action provisions of FDICIA as of January 1, 2015.


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

March 31, 2014 
Currently Applicable Regulatory Requirements(1)
 
Basel III Final Rule Standardized Approach (Estimated)(2)
 
Basel III Final Rule Advanced Approach (Estimated)(2)
(Dollars in millions)   
Tier 1 capital $15,487
 $15,487
 $15,487
Less:      
   Trust preferred capital securities 475
 475
 475
   Preferred stock 1,233
 1,233
 1,233
Plus: Other 145
 145
 145
Tier 1 common capital $13,924
 $13,924
 $13,924
Total risk-weighted assets 
 $84,694
 $124,783
 $105,729
Tier 1 common ratio 16.4% 11.2% 13.2%
Minimum tier 1 common ratio requirement, assuming full implementation on January 1, 2019   4.5
 4.5
Capital conservation buffer, assuming full implementation on January 1, 2019   2.5
 2.5
Minimum tier 1 common ratio requirement, including capital conservation buffer, assuming full implementation on January 1, 2019(3)
   7.0
 7.0
(1) The tier 1 common ratio was calculated by dividing common equity tier 1 capital, calculated in conformity with the provisions of the Basel III final rule, by total risk-weighted assets, calculated in conformity with the provisions of Basel I.
(2) As of March 31, 2014, for purposes of the calculations completed in conformity with the Basel III final rule, total risk-weighted assets under both the standardized approach and the advanced approach were calculated using State Street's estimates, based on the provisions of Basel III final rule. The tier 1 common ratio was calculated by dividing tier 1 common capital, calculated in conformity with the provisions of the Basel III final rule, by total risk-weighted assets, calculated in conformity with the provisions of the Basel III final rule. These estimated Basel III tier 1 common ratios are preliminary, and are based on our present interpretations of the Basel III final rule.
Under the standardized approach, total risk-weighted assets used in the calculation of the estimated tier 1 common ratio increased by $500 million40.09 billion was availableas a result of applying the provisions of the Basel III final rule to Basel I total risk-weighted assets of $84.69 billion as of March 31, 2014. Under the advanced approach, total risk-weighted assets used in the calculation of the estimated tier 1 common ratio increased by $21.04 billion as a result of applying the provisions of the final rule to Basel I total risk-weighted assets of $84.69 billion as of March 31, 2014.
The primary differences between total risk-weighted assets under Basel I and total risk-weighted assets under the Basel III final rule include the following: under Basel I, credit risk is quantified using pre-determined risk weights and asset classes, and in part, uses external credit ratings, while the Basel III final rule, specifically the standardized and advanced approaches, introduces a broader range of pre-determined risk weights and asset classes, uses certain alternatives to external credit ratings, includes additional adjustments for issuance pursuantoperational risk (under the advanced approach) and counterparty credit risk, and revises the treatment of equity exposures. In particular, securitization exposures receive higher risk weights under both the standardized and advanced approaches in the Basel III final rule compared to this authority.Basel I.
(3) The minimum tier 1 common ratio requirement does not reflect the countercyclical capital buffer under the Basel III final rule, or the capital buffer for global systemically important banks prescribed by the Basel Committee (refer to “Systemically Important Banks”); such countercyclical capital buffer, which is initially set at zero, would be established by banking regulators under certain economic conditions, and U.S. banking regulators have not yet issued a proposal to implement the prescribed capital buffer for systemically important financial institutions.
The estimated Basel III tier 1 common ratio as of March 31, 2014 presented above, calculated under the advanced approach in conformity with the Basel III final rule, reflects calculations and determinations with respect to our capital and related matters as of March 31, 2014, based on State Street and external data, quantitative formulae, statistical models, historical correlations and assumptions, collectively referred to as “advanced systems,” in effect and used by State Street for those purposes as of the time we filed this Form 10-Q. Significant components of these advanced systems involve the exercise of judgment by us and our regulators, and our advanced systems may not accurately represent or calculate the scenarios, circumstances, outputs or other results for which they are designed or intended.
Due to the influence of changes in these advanced systems, whether resulting from changes in data inputs, regulation or regulatory supervision or
interpretation, State Street-specific or market activities or experiences or other updates or factors, we expect that our advanced systems and our capital ratios calculated in conformity with the Basel III final rule will change and may be volatile over time, and that those latter changes or volatility could be material as calculated and measured from period to period.
Models implemented under the Basel III final rule, particularly those implementing the advanced approach, remain subject to regulatory review and approval. The full effects of the Basel III final rule on State Street and State Street Bank currently maintains a lineare therefore subject to further evaluation and also to further regulatory guidance, action or rule-making. In general, we expect to be held to the most stringent of creditthe various provisions in the Basel III final rule; however, we anticipate that we will be able to comply with a financial institutionthe relevant Basel III regulatory capital and liquidity requirements when and as applied to us.


57


Risk Management
General
In the normal course of our global business activities, we are exposed to a variety of risks, some inherent in the financial services industry, others more specific to our business activities. State Street’s risk management framework focuses on material risks, which include the following:
credit and counterparty risk;
liquidity risk, funding and management;
operational risk, including execution, technology, business practice and fiduciary risks;
market risk, including market risk associated with our trading activities and market risk associated with our non-trading, or asset-and-liability management, activities, the latter of which is primarily composed of interest-rate risk;
model risk; and
business risk, including reputational risk.
These material risks, as well as certain of the factors underlying each of these risks that could affect our businesses, our consolidated results of operations and our consolidated financial condition, are discussed in detail under Item 1A, ���Risk Factors,” included in our 2013 Form 10-K.
The global scope of our business activities requires that we balance what we perceive to be the primarythese risks in our businesses with a comprehensive and well-integrated risk management function. The identification, assessment, monitoring, mitigation and reporting of risks are essential to theour financial performance and successful management of our businesses. These risks, if not effectively managed, can result in current losses to State Street as well as erosion of our capital and damage to our reputation. Our systematic approach allows for an assessment of risks within a framework for evaluating opportunities for the prudent use of capital that appropriately balances risk and return.
WeOur objective is to optimize our return and to operate at a prudent level of risk. In support of this objective, we have instituted a disciplined approach torisk appetite framework that aligns our business strategy and financial objectives with the level of risk that involveswe are willing to incur.
Our risk management is based on the following major principles:
A culture of risk awareness that extends across all levels of management. The Board, through its Risk and Capital Committee, provides oversight and review of our overall risk management programs, including the approval of key risk management policiesbusiness activities;
The identification, classification and the periodic reviewquantification of State Street's “Risk Appetite Statement,” which is an integral partmaterial risks;
The establishment of our risk appetite and associated limits and policies, and our compliance with these limits;
The establishment of a risk management structure at the “top of the house” that enables the control and coordination of risk-taking across the business lines;
The implementation of stress testing practices and a dynamic risk-assessment capability; and
The overall Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process, or ICAAP. Theflexibility to adapt to the ever-changing business and market conditions.
Our Risk Appetite Statement outlines the quantitative limits and qualitative goals that define and constrain our risk appetite, and definesas well as the responsibilities for measuring and monitoring risk against limits, which are reported regularly toand for reporting, escalating, approving and addressing exceptions. The Risk Appetite Statement is established by management with the Board. In addition, State Street utilizes a varietyguidance of key risk indicators to monitor risk on a more granular level.Enterprise Risk Management, or ERM, a corporate risk oversight group, in conjunction with our Board of Directors. The Board formally reviews and approves our Risk Appetite Statement annually.
The Risk Appetite Statement describes the level and types of risk that we are willing to accommodate in executing our business strategy, and also serves as a guide in setting risk limits across our business units. In addition to our Risk Appetite Statement, we use stress testing as another important tool in our risk management practice. Additional information with respect to our stress-testing process and practices is


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

provided under “Capital” in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis.
The following table provides a reference to the disclosures about our management of significant risks provided herein.
Risk Governance and Structure
We have a disciplined approach to risk management that involves all levels of management, from the Board and the Board’s Risk and Capital Committee, or RCC, and its Examining & Audit, or E&A, Committee, to each business unit and each employee. We allocate responsibility for risk oversight so that risk/return decisions are made at an appropriate level, and are subject to robust and effective review and challenge. Risk management is the responsibility of each employee, and is implemented through three lines of defense: the business units, which own and manage the risks inherent in their business; ERM, which provides separate oversight, monitoring and control; and
Corporate Audit, which assesses the effectiveness of the first two lines of defense.
The responsibilities for effective review and challenge reside with senior managers, oversight committees, Corporate Audit, the Board's RCC and, ultimately, the Board. While we believe that our risk management program is effective in managing the risks in our businesses, internal and external factors may create risks that cannot always be identified or anticipated.
Corporate-level risk committees provide focused oversight, and establish corporate standards and policies for specific risks, including credit, sovereign exposure, new business products, regulatory compliance and ethics, as well as operational, market, liquidity and model risks. These committees have been delegated the responsibility to develop recommendations and remediation strategies to address issues that affect or have the potential to affect State Street.
We maintain a risk governance committee structure which serves as the formal governance mechanism through which we seek to undertake the consistent identification, discussion and management of various risks facing State Street in connection with its business activities. This governance structure is enhanced and integrated through multi-disciplinary involvement, particularly through ERM. The following chart presents this structure.


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

RISK GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE STRUCTURE
Board OversightRisk and Capital Committee of the Board of Directors (RCC)Examining & Audit Committee of the Board of Directors (E&A)
Senior Management OversightManagement Risk and Capital Committee (MRAC)
Business Conduct Review Committee
(BCRC)

Technology and Operational Risk Committee (TORC)
Risk Committees
Asset, Liability and Capital Committee (ALCCO)Credit Risk and Policy CommitteeCountry Risk CommitteeTrading and Markets Risk Committee (TMRC)Securities Finance Risk Management Committee
Model Assessment Committee
(MAC)
Basel ICAAP Oversight Committee
(BIOC)
Mandate
Oversight of interest rate risk, liquidity risk and capital adequacy

Oversight of credit and counterparty risk
Oversight of country risk and international exposure

Senior risk committee governing all global markets trading activities
Oversight of Securities Finance and collateral reinvestment activities

Oversight of model deployment
Oversight of Basel II and Basel III program

CCAR Steering Committee(1)
Recovery and Resolution Planning Executive Steering GroupNew Business and Product CommitteeCompliance and Ethics CommitteeFiduciary Review CommitteeOperational
Risk Committee
(ORC)
Technology Risk Governance Committee
MandateOversight of CCAR stress-testing programOversight of process for development of recovery and resolution plansOversight of evaluation of risk inherent in new products and services and new businessOversight of compliance programs including employee ethics standardsOversight of corporate-wide fiduciary riskOversight of corporate-wide operational riskOversight of corporate-wide technology risk
(1) Oversees the submission of capital plans in connection with the Federal Reserve's annual Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review, or CCAR, process.

ERM provides risk oversight, support and coordination to allow for the consistent identification, measurement and management of risks across business units separate from the business units' activities, and is responsible for the formulation and maintenance of enterprise-wide risk management policies and guidelines. In addition, ERM establishes and reviews approved limits and, in collaboration with business unit management, monitors key risks. Ultimately, ERM works to validate that risk-taking falls within our risk appetite approved by the Board and conforms to associated risk policies, limits and guidelines.
The Chief Risk Officer, or CRO, manageswho is responsible for State Street’s risk management globally, leads ERM and reportshas a dual reporting line to both theState Street’s Chief Executive Officer and the Board's Risk and Capital Committee.Board’s
The execution
RCC. ERM discharges its responsibilities globally through a three-dimensional organization structure:
“Vertical” business unit-aligned risk groups that assist business managers with risk management, measurement and monitoring activities;
“Horizontal” risk groups that monitor the risks that cross all of our business units (for example, credit and operational risk); and
Risk oversight for international activities, which adds important regional and legal entity perspectives to global vertical and horizontal risk management.
Sitting on top of duties with respect tothis three-dimensional organization structure is a centralized group responsible for the management of people, products, business operations and processes is the responsibility of business unit managers. The functionaggregation of risk management is designingexposures across the vertical, horizontal and directing the implementation of risk management programs and processes consistent with corporate and regulatory standards, and providing oversight of the business-owned risks. Accordingly, risk management is a shared responsibility between ERM and the business units, and requires joint efforts in goal setting, program design and implementation, resource management, and performance evaluation between business and functional units. In addition, Corporate Audit separately assesses the effectiveness of business units and risk management in the execution of their responsibilities.regional


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Responsibility
dimensions, for consolidated reporting, for setting the enterprise-level risk appetite framework and associated limits and policies, and for dynamic risk assessment across State Street.
The Board's RCC is responsible for oversight related to our assessment and management of risk, including credit, liquidity, operational, fiduciary, market, interest-rate and business risks and related policies. In addition, the RCC provides oversight on strategic capital governance principles and controls, and monitors capital adequacy in relation to risk. The RCC is overseen by a seriesalso responsible for discharging certain duties and obligations of management committees, as well as the Board's RiskBoard under applicable Basel and Capital Committee. other regulatory requirements. The Chief Financial Officer, together with the CRO, attend meetings of the RCC.
The E&A Committee oversees the operation of our system of internal controls covering the integrity of our consolidated financial statements and reports, compliance with laws, regulations and corporate policies, and the qualifications, performance and independence of our independent registered public accounting firm. The E&A Committee acts on behalf of the Board in monitoring and overseeing the performance of Corporate Audit and in reviewing certain communications with banking regulators. The E&A Committee has direct responsibility for the appointment, compensation, retention, evaluation and oversight of the work of our independent registered public accounting firm, including sole authority for the establishment of pre-approval policies and procedures for all audit engagements and any non-audit engagements.
The Management Risk and Capital Committee, or MRAC, co-chaired by our CRO and Chief Financial Officer, is the senior management decision-making body for risk and capital issues, and is responsible for aligning State Street'sensuring that our strategy, budget, risk appetite and capital adequacy. adequacy are properly aligned. The main responsibilities of MRAC are as follows:
The review of our risk appetite framework and top-level risk limits and policies;
The monitoring and assessment of our capital adequacy based on regulatory requirements and internal policies; and
The review of business performance in the context of risk and capital allocation.
The committee is co-chaired by our CRO and Chief Financial Officer. In addition, the MRAC regularly presents a report to the Board’s RCC outlining developments in the risk environment and performance trends in our key business areas.
The Business Conduct Review Committee, or BCRC, provides additional risk governance and leadership, by overseeing State Street's business practices and reinforcing our commitment to the
highest standards of ethical conduct. Management considers adherence to high ethical standards to be critical to the success of our business and to our reputation. The BCRC is co-chaired by our CRO and our Chief Legal Officer.
The Technology and Operational Risk Committee, or TORC, oversees and assesses the effectiveness of corporate-wide technology and operational risk management programs, to manage and control technology and operational risk consistently across the organization. The TORC may meet jointly with the MRAC periodically to review or approve common areas of interest such as risk frameworks and policies. The TORC is co-chaired by our CRO and the Head of Global Operations, Technology and Product Development.
Risk Committees
Our Asset, Liability and Capital Committee, or ALCCO, chaired by our Treasurer,is a risk committee that oversees the management of our consolidated statement of condition, the management of our global liquidity and our interest-rate risk positions, our regulatory and economic capital, the determination of the framework for capital allocation and strategies for capital structure, and issuances of debt and equity issuances.
securities. ALCCO’s roles and responsibilities are designed to work complementary to, and be coordinated with, the MRAC, which approves State Street's risk management programStreet’s balance sheet strategy and related activities. ALCCO is supported by the activities of a number of corporate risk oversight committees, chaired by senior executives in ERM. Our Fiduciary Review Committee reviewsour Treasurer and assessesdirectly reports into the MRAC.
The following other risk management programscommittees have focused responsibilities for oversight of those units in which State Street serves in a fiduciary capacity. Ourspecific areas of risk management:
The Credit Risk and Policy Committee is responsible for cross-business unit review and oversight of credit and counterparty risk, as well as the review, recommendation and approvalrisk;
The Country Risk Committee oversees the identification, assessment, monitoring, reporting and mitigation, where necessary, of country risks;
The Trading and Markets Risk Committee, or TMRC, reviews the effectiveness of, and approves, the market risk framework at least annually; it is the most senior oversight and decision making committee for risk management within State Street Global Markets and the trading-and-clearing business of State Street Global Exchange;
The Securities Finance Risk Management Committee provides oversight of the risks in our securities finance business, including collateral and margin policies;
The Model Assessment Committee, or MAC, provides recommendations concerning technical modeling issues and validates


35


financial models utilized by our business units.units;
The Basel / ICAAP Oversight Committee, or BIOC, reviews and assesses compliance with regulatory capital rules, and oversees initiatives related to the development and enhancement of relevant reporting capabilities;
The CCAR Steering Committee provides primary supervision of the stress tests performed in conformity with CCAR and the Dodd-Frank Act, and is responsible for the overall management, review, and approval of all material assumptions, methodologies, and results of each stress scenario;
The Recovery and Resolution Planning Executive Steering Group oversees the development of recovery and resolution plans as required by banking regulators;
The New Business and Product Committee provides oversight of the evaluation of the risk inherent in proposed new products or services and new business, as well as divestitures, restructurings and outsourcing arrangements; evaluations include economic justification, material risk, compliance, regulatory and legal considerations, and capital and liquidity analyses;
The Compliance and Ethics Committee provides review and oversight of State Street's compliance programs, including its culture of compliance and high standards of ethical behavior;
The Fiduciary Review Committee reviews and assesses the risk management programs of those units in which State Street serves in a fiduciary capacity;
The Operational Risk Committee provides cross-business oversight of operational risk to identify, measure, manage and control operational risk in an effective and consistent manner across State Street; and
The Technology Risk Governance Committee provides regular reporting to the TORC and escalates technology risk issues to the TORC, as appropriate.
Credit Risk Management
Core Policies and Principles
Credit and counterparty risk is defined as the risk of financial loss if a counterparty, borrower or obligor, referred to collectively as counterparties, is either unable or unwilling to repay borrowings or settle a transaction in accordance with underlying contractual terms. We assume credit and counterparty risk in our traditional non-trading lending activities (such as loans and contingent
 
commitments), in our investment securities portfolio (where recourse to a counterparty exists), and in our direct or indemnified agency trading activities (such as securities lending and foreign exchange). We also assume credit and counterparty risk in our day-to-day treasury and securitiesand other settlement operations, in the form of deposit placements and other cash balances with central banks or private sector institutions.     
We distinguish between three kinds of credit and counterparty risk:
Default risk is the risk that a counterparty fails to meet its contractual payment obligations;
Country risk is the risk that we may suffer a loss, in any given country, due to any of the following reasons: deterioration of economic conditions, political and social upheaval, nationalization and appropriation of assets, government repudiation of indebtedness, exchange controls, and disruptive currency depreciation or devaluation; and
Settlement risk is the risk that the settlement or clearance of transactions will fail, and arises whenever the exchange of cash, securities and/or other assets is not simultaneous.
The extension of credit and the acceptance of counterparty risk are governed by corporate guidelines based on a counterparty's risk profile, the markets served, counterparty and country concentrations, and regulatory compliance. These guidelines include reference to a number of core policies and principles:
All credit risks to each counterparty, or group of counterparties, are measured and consolidated in accordance with a ‘one obligor’ principle that aggregates all risks types across all business areas;
We seek to avoid or minimize undue concentrations of risk; counterparty (or groups of counterparties), industry, country and product-specific concentrations of risk are subject to frequent review and approval in accordance with State Street’s prevailing risk appetite;
All extensions of credit, or material changes to extensions of credit (such as its tenor, collateral structure or covenants), are approved by ERM in conformity with assigned credit-approval authorities;
We assign credit approval authorities to individuals according to their qualifications, experience and training, and review these authorities periodically; our largest exposures require approval by the Credit Committee, a sub-committee of the Credit Risk and Policy


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Committee; for certain small and low-risk extensions of credit, for certain counterparty types, approval authority has been granted to individuals outside of ERM;
The creditworthiness of all counterparties is determined by way of a detailed risk assessment, including the use of comprehensive internal rating methodologies; all rating methodologies in use at State Street are authorized for use within the advanced internal-ratings-based approach under applicable Basel requirements; and
A review of the creditworthiness of all counterparties, as well as all extensions of credit, is undertaken at least annually; the nature and extent of these reviews is determined by the size, nature and tenor of the extensions of credit, as well as the creditworthiness of the counterparty.
All core policies and principles are subject to annual review, as an integral part of State Street’s periodic assessment of its risk appetite.
Governance
The Credit Risk Management group is an integral part of ERM and is responsible for assessing, approving and monitoring all types of credit risk across State Street. It has responsibility for all requisite policies and procedures, and for State Street’s advanced internal credit-rating systems and methodologies. Additionally, Credit Risk Management, in conjunction with the appropriate business units, establishes appropriate measurements and limits to control the amount of credit risk accepted across its various business activities, both at a portfolio level and for each individual obligor, or group of obligors.
A number of local committees within State Street are responsible for overseeing credit risk. The Credit Risk and Policy Committee is responsible for approving policies and procedures, determining risk appetite and for routine monitoring of State Street’s credit-risk portfolio. The Credit Committee, a sub-committee of the Credit Risk and Policy Committee, has primary responsibility for the largest and higher-risk extensions of credit to individual obligors, or groups of obligors. Both committees provide periodic updates to the MRAC and the Board's RCC.
Credit Limits
Central to our philosophy for managing credit risk are the approval and imposition of credit limits, which reflect our credit risk appetite relative to the borrower or counterparty, its domicile, the nature of the risk and the country of risk. The extent of our ongoing analysis, approval and monitoring of credit limits and exposure is determined by the type of
borrower or counterparty, its prevailing credit-worthiness and the nature of the risk. These processes are outlined in formal guidelines.
Credit limits on a singular and aggregated basis are regularly reassessed and periodically revised based on prevailing and anticipated market conditions, changes in counterparty, industry or country-specific characteristics and outlook and State Street's risk appetite.
Global Counterparty Review
State Street’s Global Counterparty Review, or GCR, team provides separate oversight of our counterparty credit risk management practices and provides senior management, as well as our auditors and regulators, with reporting needed to monitor and assess the effectiveness of prevailing practices. Specific activities include, but are not limited to:
Separate and objective assessments of our credit and counterparty exposures to determine the nature and extent of risk undertaken by the business units;
Periodic business unit reviews, focusing on the assessment of credit analysis, policy compliance, prudent transaction structure and underwriting standards, administration and documentation, risk-rating integrity, and relevant trends;
Identification and monitoring of developing trends to minimize risk of loss and protect capital;
Maintenance of risk-rating system integrity and assurance of counterparty risk-rating transparency through testing of ratings;
Providing resources for specialized risk assessments (on an as-needed basis);
Opining on the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses; and
Serving as liaison with auditors and banking regulators with respect to risk rating, reporting and measurement.
Ongoing active monitoring and management of credit risk is an integral part of our credit risk management activities. A surveillance and credit review process is followed by both our business units and by ERM.
Credit Risk Mitigation
Techniques used to mitigate our counterparty credit risk include collateralizing our exposures; securing our exposures with a third-party guarantee; maintaining a security interest against assets under custody; exercising our legal right of offset; or buying credit insurance to offset our risk. We primarily accept cash, equities, and government securities as collateral. While we believemay use one or more of the foregoing techniques as protection with respect to a


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

specific counterparty, we may also have multiple credit exposures to such counterparty, and all of our credit protection techniques may not be applicable to each type of credit exposure. In certain circumstances, we have credit exposure that is not secured.
Although we do not provide credit risk protection or trade in credit default swaps, we have purchased a small number of credit default swaps for hedging purposes. Due to the immaterial notional amount of these swaps, we do not formally recognize the benefits of these credit derivatives.
Reserve for Credit Losses
We maintain an allowance for loan losses to support our on-balance sheet credit exposures. We also maintain a reserve for unfunded commitments and letters of credit to support our off-balance credit exposure. The two components together represent the reserve for credit losses. Review and evaluation of the adequacy of the reserve for credit losses is ongoing throughout the year, but occurs at least quarterly, and is based, among other factors, on our evaluation of the level of risk in the portfolio, the volume of adversely classified loans, previous loss experience, current trends, and expected economic conditions and their effect on our counterparties. Additional information about the allowance for loan losses is provided in note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Liquidity Risk Management
Liquidity risk is defined as the potential that our financial condition or overall viability could be adversely affected by an actual or perceived inability to meet cash and collateral obligations. The goal of liquidity risk management is to maintain, even in the event of stress, our ability to meet our cash and collateral obligations.
Liquidity is managed to meet our financial obligations in a timely and cost-effective manner, as well as maintain sufficient flexibility to fund strategic corporate initiatives as they arise. Our effective management of liquidity involves the assessment of the potential mismatch between the future cash needs of our clients and our available sources of cash under both normal and adverse economic and business conditions.
We generally manage our liquidity on a global, consolidated basis. We also manage liquidity on a stand-alone basis at the parent company, as well as at certain branches and subsidiaries of State Street Bank. State Street Bank generally has access to markets and funding sources limited to banks, such as the federal funds market and the Federal Reserve's discount window. Our parent company is
managed to a more conservative liquidity profile, reflecting narrower market access. Our parent company typically holds enough cash, primarily in the form of interest-bearing deposits with its banking subsidiaries, to meet its current debt maturities and cash needs, as well as those projected over the next one-year period. As of March 31, 2014, the value of the parent company's net liquid assets totaled $4.76 billion, compared with $4.42 billion as of December 31, 2013. Our parent company's liquid assets generally consist of overnight placements with its banking subsidiaries.
Based on our level of consolidated liquid assets and our ability to access the capital markets for additional funding when necessary, including our ability to issue debt and equity securities under our current universal shelf registration, management considers State Street's overall liquidity as of March 31, 2014 to be sufficient to meet its current commitments and business needs, including accommodating the transaction and cash management needs of its clients.
Governance
Global Treasury is responsible for our management of liquidity. This includes the day-to-day management of our global liquidity position, the development and monitoring of early warning indicators, key liquidity risk metrics, the creation and execution of stress tests, the evaluation and implementation of regulatory requirements, the maintenance and execution of our liquidity guidelines and contingency funding plan, and routine management reporting to ALCCO and the Board's RCC.
Global Treasury Risk Management, part of ERM, provides separate oversight over the identification, communication and management of Global Treasury’s risks in support of our business strategy. Global Treasury Risk Management reports to the CRO. Global Treasury Risk Management’s responsibilities relative to liquidity risk management include the development and review of policies and guidelines; the monitoring of limits related to adherence to the liquidity risk guidelines and associated reporting.
Liquidity Framework
Our liquidity framework contemplates areas of potential risk based on our activities, size, and other appropriate risk-related factors. In managing liquidity risk, we employ limits, maintain established metrics and early warning indicators and perform routine stress testing to identify potential liquidity needs. This process involves the evaluation of a combination of internal and external scenarios which assist us in measuring our liquidity position and in identifying


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

potential increases in cash needs or decreases in available sources of cash, as well as the potential impairment of our ability to access the global capital markets.
We manage liquidity according to several principles that are equally important to our overall liquidity risk management framework:
Structural liquidity management addresses liquidity by monitoring and directing the composition of our consolidated statement of condition. Structural liquidity is measured by metrics such as the percentage of total wholesale funds to consolidated total assets, and the percentage of non-government investment securities to client deposits. In addition, on a regular basis and as described further below, our structural liquidity is evaluated under various stress scenarios.
Tactical liquidity management addresses our day-to-day funding requirements and is largely driven by changes in our primary source of funding, which is client deposits.
Fluctuations in client deposits may be supplemented with short-term borrowings, which generally include commercial paper and certificates of deposit.
Stress testing and contingent funding planning are longer-term strategic liquidity risk management practices. Regular and ad hoc liquidity stress testing are performed under various severe but plausible scenarios at the consolidated level and at significant subsidiaries, including State Street Bank. These tests contemplate severe market and State Street-specific events under various time horizons and severities. Tests contemplate the impact of material changes in key funding sources, credit ratings, additional collateral requirements, contingent uses of funding, systemic shocks to the financial markets, and operational failures based on market and State Street-specific assumptions. The stress tests evaluate the required level of funding versus available sources in an adverse environment. As stress testing contemplates potential forward-looking scenarios, results also serve as a trigger to activate specific liquidity stress levels and contingent funding actions.
Contingency Funding Plans, or “CFPs”, are designed to assist senior management with decision-making associated with any contingency funding response to a possible or actual crisis scenario. The CFPs define roles, responsibilities and management actions to be taken in the event of deterioration of our liquidity profile caused by either a State Street-
specific event or a broader disruption in the capital markets. Specific actions are linked to the level of stress indicated by these measures or by management judgment of market conditions.
Liquidity Risk Metrics
In managing our liquidity, we employ early warning indicators and metrics. Early warning indicators are intended to detect situations which may result in a liquidity stress, including changes in our common stock price and the spread on our long-term debt. Additional metrics that are critical to the management of our consolidated statement of condition and monitored as part of our routine liquidity management include measures of our fungible cash position, purchased wholesale funds, unencumbered liquid assets, deposits, and the total of investment securities and loans as a percentage of total client deposits.
Asset Liquidity
Central to the management of our liquidity is asset liquidity, which generally consists of unencumbered highly liquid securities, cash and cash equivalents carried in our consolidated statement of condition. We restrict the eligibility of securities for asset liquidity to U.S. Government and federal agency securities (including mortgage-backed securities) and selected non-U.S. Government and supranational securities, which generally are more liquid than other types of assets. The following table presents the components of our asset liquidity balance as of the dates, or for the periods, indicated:
(In millions) March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Asset Liquidity:    
Highly liquid short-term investments(1)
 $75,796
 $64,257
Investment securities 21,612
 22,322
Total $97,408
 $86,579
     
  Quarters Ended March 31,
(In millions) 2014 2013
Average Asset Liquidity:    
Highly liquid short-term investments(1)
 $33,410
 $30,585
Investment securities 21,457
 25,794
Total $54,867
 $56,379
(1) Composed of interest-bearing deposits with banks.
Due to the continued elevated level of client deposits as of March 31, 2014, we maintained cash balances in excess of regulatory requirements of approximately $61.98 billion at the Federal Reserve, the ECB and other non-U.S. central banks, compared to $51.03 billion as of December 31, 2013.
Liquid securities carried in our asset liquidity include securities pledged without corresponding


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

advances from the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, or FRB, the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston, or FHLB, and other non-U.S. central banks. State Street Bank is a member of the FHLB. This membership allows for advances of liquidity in varying terms against high-quality collateral, which helps facilitate asset-and-liability management.
Access to primary, intra-day and contingent liquidity provided by these utilities is an important source of contingent liquidity with utilization subject to underlying conditions. As of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, State Street Bank had no outstanding primary credit borrowings from the FRB discount window or any other central bank facility, and as of the same dates, no FHLB advances were outstanding.
In addition to the securities included in our asset liquidity, we have significant amounts of other high-quality investment securities. The aggregate fair value of those securities was $65.45 billion as of March 31, 2014, compared to $66.16 billion as of December 31, 2013. These securities are available sources of liquidity, although not as rapidly deployed as those included in our asset liquidity.
Uses of Liquidity
Significant uses of our liquidity could result from the following: withdrawals of client deposits; draw-downs of unfunded commitments to extend credit or to purchase securities, generally provided through lines of credit; and short-duration advance facilities. Such circumstances would generally arise under stress conditions including deterioration in credit ratings. We had unfunded commitments to extend credit with gross contractual amounts totaling $21.77 billion and $21.30 billion as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. These amounts do not reflect the value of any collateral. Approximately 77% of our unfunded commitments to extend credit expire within one year from the date of issuance. Since many of our commitments are expected to expire or renew without being drawn upon, the gross contractual amounts do not necessarily represent our future cash requirements.
Funding
Deposits:
Our Investment Servicing business provides products and services including custody, accounting, administration, daily pricing, foreign exchange services, cash management, financial asset management, securities finance and investment advisory services. As a provider of these products and services, we generate client deposits, which have generally provided a stable, low-cost source of funds. As a global custodian, clients place deposits with State Street entities in various currencies. These
client deposits are invested in a combination of investment securities and short-duration financial instruments whose mix is determined by the characteristics of the deposits.
For the past several years, we have experienced higher client deposit inflows toward the end of the quarter or the end of the year. As a result, average client deposit balances are deemed to be more reflective of ongoing funding than period-end balances. The following table presents client deposit balances as of the dates and for the periods indicated:
     Average Balance
 March 31, Quarters Ended March 31,
(In millions)2014 2013 2014 2013
Client deposits(1)
$194,648
 $150,130
 $154,086
 $138,750
(1) Balance as of March 31, 2013 excluded term wholesale certificates of deposit, or CDs, of $4.64 billion; average balances for the quarter ended March 31, 2013 excluded average CDs of $8.43 billion.
Short-Term Funding:
Our corporate commercial paper program, under which we can issue up to $3 billion of commercial paper with original maturities of up to 270 days from the date of issuance, had $1.88 billion of commercial paper outstanding as of March 31, 2014, compared to $1.82 billion as of December 31, 2013.
Our on-balance sheet liquid assets are also an integral component of our liquidity management strategy. These assets provide liquidity through maturities of the assets, but more importantly, they provide us with the ability to raise funds by pledging the securities as collateral for borrowings or through outright sales. In addition, our access to the global capital markets gives us the ability to source incremental funding at reasonable rates of interest from wholesale investors. As discussed earlier under “Asset Liquidity,” State Street Bank's membership in the FHLB allows for advances of liquidity in varying terms against high-quality collateral.
Short-term secured funding also comes in the form of securities lent or sold under agreements to repurchase. These transactions are short-term in nature, generally overnight, and are collateralized by high-quality investment securities. The balances associated with this activity are generally stable, as they represent a collateralized cash investment option for our investment servicing clients. These balances were $8.95 billion and $7.95 billion as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
State Street Bank currently maintains a line of credit with a financial institution of CAD $800 million, or approximately $725 million as of March 31, 2014,


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

to support its Canadian securities processing operations. The line of credit has no stated termination date and is cancelable by either party with prior notice. As of March 31, 2014, there was no balance outstanding on this line of credit.
Long-Term Funding:
As of March 31, 2014, State Street Bank had Board authority to issue unsecured senior debt securities from time to time, provided that the aggregate principal amount of such unsecured senior debt outstanding at any one time does not exceed $5 billion. As of March 31, 2014, $4.1 billion was available for issuance pursuant to this authority. As of March 31, 2014, State Street Bank also had Board authority to issue up to $1.5 billion of subordinated debt, incremental to subordinated debt outstanding as of the same date. As of March 31, 2014, $500 million was available for issuance pursuant to this authority.
We maintain an effective universal shelf registration that allows for the public offering and sale of debt securities, capital securities, common stock, depositary shares and preferred stock, and warrants to purchase such securities, including any shares into which the preferred stock and depositary shares may be convertible, or any combination thereof. We have issued in the past, and we may issue in the future, securities pursuant to our shelf registration. The issuance of debt or equity securities will depend on future market conditions, funding needs and other factors.
Agency Credit Ratings
Our ability to maintain consistent access to liquidity is fostered by the maintenance of high investment-grade ratings as measured by the major independent credit rating agencies. Factors essential to maintaining high credit ratings include diverse and stable core earnings; relative market position, strong risk management; strong capital ratios; diverse liquidity sources, including the global capital markets and client deposits; strong liquidity monitoring procedures; and preparedness for current or future regulatory developments. High ratings minimize borrowing costs and enhance our liquidity by providing assurance for unsecured funding and depositors, increasing the potential market for our debt and improving our ability to offer products, serve markets, and engage in transactions in which clients value high credit ratings. A downgrade or reduction of our credit ratings could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity by restricting our ability to access the capital markets, increasing the related cost of funds, causing the sudden and large-scale withdrawal of unsecured deposits by our clients, leading to draw-downs of unfunded commitments to extend credit or triggering requirements under securities purchase
commitments, or require additional collateral or force terminations of certain trading derivative contracts.
A majority of our derivative contracts have been entered into under bilateral agreements with counterparties who may require us to post collateral or terminate the transactions based on changes in our credit ratings. We assess the impact of these arrangements by determining the collateral or termination payments that would be required assuming a downgrade by all rating agencies. The following table presents the additional collateral or termination payments related to our net derivative liabilities under these arrangements that could have been called as of the dates indicated by counterparties in the event of a one-notch and two-notch downgrade in our credit ratings. Other funding sources, such as secured financing transactions and other margin requirements, for which there are no explicit triggers, could also be adversely affected.
(In millions)March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Additional collateral or termination payments for a one- or two-notch downgrade$3
 $7
Proposed Liquidity Framework
In October 2013, U.S. banking regulators issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, or NPR, intended to implement the Basel Committee's Liquidity Coverage Ratio, or LCR, in the U.S. The LCR is intended to promote the short-term resilience of the liquidity risk profile of internationally active banking organizations, improve the banking industry's ability to absorb shocks arising from financial and economic stress, and improve the measurement and management of liquidity risk. The proposed LCR would require a covered banking organization to maintain an amount of high-quality liquid assets, or HQLA, equal to or greater than 100% of the banking organization’s total net cash outflows over a 30-calendar-day period of significant liquidity stress, as defined. The October 2013 NPR would be phased in beginning on January 1, 2015 at 80% with full implementation by January 1, 2017. As an internationally active banking organization, we expect to be subject to the LCR standard in the U.S., as well as in other jurisdictions in which we operate.
The NPR is generally consistent with the Basel Committee’s LCR. However, it includes certain more stringent requirements, including an accelerated implementation time line and modifications to the definition of high-quality liquid assets and expected outflow assumptions. We continue to analyze the proposed rules and analyze their impact as well as develop strategies for compliance. The principles of the LCR are consistent with our liquidity management framework; however, the specific calibrations of


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various elements within the final LCR rule, such as the eligibility of assets as HQLA, operational deposit requirements and net outflow requirements could have a material effect on our liquidity, funding and business activities, including the management and composition of our investment securities portfolio and our ability to extend committed contingent credit facilities to our clients.
In January 2014, the Basel Committee released a revised proposal with respect to the Net Stable Funding Ratio, or NSFR, which will establish a one-year liquidity standard representing the proportion of long-term assets funded by long-term stable funding, scheduled for global implementation in 2018. The revised NSFR has made some favorable changes regarding the treatment of operationally linked deposits and a reduction in the funding required for certain securities. However, we continue to review the specifics of the Basel Committee's release and will be evaluating the U.S. implementation of this standard to analyze the impact and develop strategies for compliance. U.S. banking regulators have not yet issued a proposal to implement the NSFR.
Operational Risk Management
We define operational risk as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes and systems, human error, or from external events. At State Street, this definition encompasses legal risk and fiduciary risk. We define legal risk as the risk of loss resulting from failure to comply with laws and contractual obligations as well as prudent ethical standards, in addition to exposure to litigation from all aspects of our activities. Fiduciary risk arises if, in acting on behalf of our clients, we fail to properly exercise discretion or we do not properly monitor or control the exercise of discretion by a third party.
In the conduct of our investment servicing and investment management activities, we assume operational risk. The products and services we provide to our clients, such as custody; product- and participant-level accounting; daily pricing and administration; master trust and master custody; record-keeping; cash management; foreign exchange, and the management of financial assets using passive and active strategies, can result in execution risk, business practice risk, fiduciary risk and other types of operational risk. Because operational risk is process-oriented, compared to other risks, for example credit risk and market risk, which are transaction-oriented, our ability to influence and manage risk-taking rests at the process level, and requires a broad set of process controls.
Whereas operational risk represents the potential, an operational risk event is the actual
occurrence of the risk. An operational risk event that gives rise to a direct financial impact is referred to as an operational risk loss or gain. If there is no financial impact, the event is termed a “near-miss.”
Framework
We have developed a comprehensive approach to operational risk management that is consistently applied across State Street. This approach, referred to as our operational risk framework, takes a holistic view and integrates the different methods and tools used to manage operational risk. The framework, which was developed by our Operational Risk Management group and utilizes aspects of the framework of the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or the COSO framework, and industry/peer leading practices, is designed to comply with Basel requirements. Our operational risk framework seeks to provide a number of important benefits, including:
The alignment of business priorities with risk management objectives;
The active management of risk and the avoidance of surprises;
The clarification of responsibilities for the management of operational risk;
A common understanding of operational risk management and its supporting processes; and
The consistent application of policies and collection of data for risk management and measurement.
The framework is composed of two mutually reinforcing areas, foundational elements and framework components. The three foundational elements used to consistently implement the framework across the diverse groups within State Street are governance, documentation, and communication/awareness. The framework also contains five components that provide overarching structure that integrates distinct risk programs into a continuous process focused on managing and measuring operational risk in a coordinated and consistent manner. The individual components and the objectives of each component are:
Identify, assess and measure risk - understand business unit strategy, risk profile and potential exposure;
Monitor risk - proactively monitor the business environment and associated operational risk exposure;
Evaluate and test controls - verify that internal controls are designed appropriately, are consistent with corporate and regulatory standards, and are operating effectively;
Provide integrated management reporting - facilitate management's ability to maintain


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control, provide oversight and escalate issues in a timely manner; and
Support risk-based decision making - make conscious risk-based decisions and understand the trade-off between risk and return.
We maintain an operational risk policy, under which we endeavor to effectively manage operational risk in order to support the achievement of our corporate objectives and fully comply with any related regulatory requirements. We achieve these policy objectives through the implementation of our operational risk framework, which describes the integrated set of processes and tools that assist us in managing and measuring operational risk.
Our operational risk policy is approved annually by the risksBoard's RCC. The purpose of the policy is to set forth our approach to the management of operational risk, to identify the responsibilities of individuals and committees charged with overseeing the management of operational risk, and to provide a broad mandate that supports implementation of the operational risk framework.
Guidelines
As part of our operational risk framework, we have also developed operational risk guidelines which document in greater detail our businesses, external factors may createpractices and describe the key elements that should be present in a business unit's operational risk management program. The purpose of the guidelines is to set forth and define key operational risk terms, provide further detail on State Street's operational risk programs, and detail business unit responsibilities for the identification, assessment, measurement, monitoring and reporting of operational risk. The guidelines support the operational risk policy and document our practices used to manage and measure operational risk in an effective and consistent manner across State Street.
We have a number of operational risk tools and processes in use that are corporate-wide in application or coverage. These tools include a series of risk assessments and diagnostics, at the business unit level, across the risk spectrum aimed at the identification of risks that cannot always be identified or anticipated.occur routinely through normal operations, strategic risks that may arise over a longer-term horizon and risks that occur very infrequently but which could materially affect State Street. Further, these assessments allow management to define risk mitigation strategies and set action plans for implementation.
State Street monitors the level and trend of its operational risk profile through a series of management reports, risk assessment outcomes, risk mitigation initiative processes and risk metrics. Together, this data assists us in understanding our
risk profile, as well as our progress on managing risk and changes in the environment, both internal and external, which may affect our risk profile. In addition, we use scenario analysis to provide a forward-looking assessment of large operational risk events that we may not have experienced yet.
In order for these tools and programs to meet framework objectives, we have implemented comprehensive data collection practices and consistent risk classification standards that facilitate the analysis of risks across the company. In addition, we have established standards for operational risk data for the purpose of maintaining data repositories and systems that are controlled, accurate and available on a timely basis to support operational risk management.
Governance
The roles and responsibilities with respect to the management of operational risk at State Street reflect the following four key principles:
Board oversight of our operational risk framework is primarily the responsibility of the RCC, which annually reviews and approves our operational risk policy and delegates day-to-day oversight to ERM;
Senior business unit managers are responsible for the management of operational risk;
ERM and other corporate groups provide separate oversight, validation and verification of the management and measurement of operational risk; and
Executive management provides oversight through participation on risk-management committees and direct management of risk in business activities.
The key responsibilities of these groups with respect to operational risk are described below:
The RCC approves our operational risk policy, delegates the implementation and monitoring of the operational risk guidelines, framework and related programs to ERM, and reviews periodic reporting of management information related to operational risk; and
Senior business unit management is responsible for the direct management of operational risk arising from our business activities, as well as operational risk oversight through representation on the MRAC, the BCRC, the TORC, and the local Operational Risk and Fiduciary Review Committees.
A number of corporate groups have responsibility for developing, implementing, and


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assessing various aspects of State Street's operational risk framework:
ERM’s Corporate Operational Risk Management group is responsible for the development and implementation of State Street's operational risk guidelines, framework and supporting tools. It also reviews and analyzes operational key risk information, metrics and indicators at the business line and corporate level for purposes of reporting and escalating operational risk events;
ERM’s Corporate Risk Analytics group develops and maintains operational risk capital estimation models and regularly calculates State Street's operational risk regulatory capital requirements;
ERM’s Model Governance group separately validates the quantitative models used to measure operational risk; and
Corporate Audit performs separate reviews of the application of operational risk management practices and methodologies utilized across State Street.
Operational risk management at State Street includes both the corporate Operational Risk Management group, led by the global head of Operational Risk, who is a member of the CRO’s executive management team, and a distributed risk management infrastructure that is aligned with our business units. The risk management groups aligned with the business units report directly to the CRO, and have operational risk managers who are responsible for the implementation of the operational risk framework at the business unit level.
Market Risk Management
Market risk is defined by U.S. banking regulators as the risk of loss that could result from broad market movements, such as changes in the general level of interest rates, credit spreads, foreign exchange rates or commodity prices. State Street is exposed to market risk in both its trading and certain of its non-trading, or asset-and-liability management, activities. The market risk management processes related to theseour trading activities, discussed in further detail below, apply to both on- and off-balance sheet exposures.
In the conduct of our trading and investment activities, we assume market risk. The level of market risk that we assume is a function of our overall risk appetite, business objectives and liquidity needs, our clients' requirements and market volatility, and and our execution against those factors. Market risk associated with our trading activities is discussed below under “Trading Activities.” In addition, a supplemental disclosure
providing qualitative and quantitative information with respect to market risk associated with our trading activities is provided on the “Investor Relations” section of our website.
Market risk associated with our non-trading activities, which consists primarily of interest-rate risk, is discussed under “Asset-and-Liability Management Activities.”
Trading Activities
We engage in trading activities primarily to support our clients' needs and to contribute to our overall corporate earnings and liquidity. In connection with certain of these trading activities, we enter into a variety of derivative financial instruments to support our clients' needs and to manage our interest-rate and currency risk. These activities are generally intended to generate trading services revenue and to manage potential earnings volatility. In addition, we provide services related to derivatives in our role as both a manager and a servicer of financial assets. Our clients use derivatives to manage the financial risks associated with their investment goals and business activities. With the growth of cross-border investing, our clients often enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to convert currency for international investments and to manage the currency risk in their international investment portfolios. As an active participant in the foreign exchange markets, we provide foreign exchange forward and option contracts in support of these client needs, and also act as a dealer in the currency markets.   
As part of our trading activities, we assume positions in the foreign exchange and interest-rate markets by buying and selling cash instruments and entering into derivative instruments, including foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign exchange and interest-rate options and interest-rate swaps, interest-rate forward contracts, and interest-rate futures. As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, the aggregate notional amount of these derivative contracts was $1.131.24 trillion, of which $1.121.23 trillion was composed of foreign exchange forward, swap and spot contracts. In the aggregate, we seek to match positions closely with the objective of minimizing related currency and interest-rate risk. All foreign exchange contracts are valued daily at current market rates. Additional information about derivative instrumentscontracts entered into in connection with our trading activities is provided in note 11 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.


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Governance
Our assumption of market risk in our trading activities is an integral part of our corporate risk appetite. TheOur Board of Directors reviews and oversees our management of market risk, including the approval of key market risk policies and the receipt and review of regular market risk reporting, as well as periodic updates on selected market risk topics.

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The Trading and Markets Risk Committee, or TMRC is a management committee that oversees all market risk-taking activities across State Street associated with trading. The TMRC, which reports to the MRAC is composed of members of ERM,ERM; our Global Markets business,business; and our Global Treasury group, as well as our senior executives who manage our trading businesses and other members of management who possess specialized knowledge and expertise. Under authority delegated by the MRAC, the TMRC is responsible for the formulation of guidelines, strategies and work flows with respect to the measurement, monitoring and control of our trading market risk, and also approves market risk tolerance limits and dealing authorities. The TMRC meets regularly to monitor the management of our trading market risk activities.
Our business units identify, actively manage and are responsible for the market risks inherent in their businesses. A dedicated market risk management group within ERM, and other groups within ERM, work with those business units to assist them in the identification, assessment, monitoring, management and control of market risk, and assist business unit managers with their market risk management and measurement activities. ERM provides an additional line of oversight, support and coordination designed to promote the consistent identification, measurement and management of market risk across business units, separate from those business units' discrete activities.
The ERM market risk management group is responsible for the management of corporate-wide market risk, the monitoring of key market risks and the development and maintenance of market risk management policies, guidelines, and standards aligned with our corporate risk appetite. This market risk management group also establishes and approves market risk tolerance limits and dealing authorities based on, but not limited to, notional amount measures, sensitivity measures, VaR measures and stress measures. Such limits and authorities are specified in our trading and market risk guidelines which govern our management of trading market risk.
Corporate Audit separately assesses the design and operating effectiveness of the market risk controls within our business units and ERM. Other related responsibilities of Corporate Audit include the periodic review of compliance, by ERM and the business units, with market risk policies, guidelines, and corporate standards, as well as relevant regulatory requirements. We are subject to regular monitoring, reviews and supervisory exams of our market risk function by the Federal Reserve. In addition, we are regulated by the SEC, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and the U.S. Commodities Futures Trading Commission.
Risk Appetite
Our corporate market risk appetite is specified in policy statements that outline the governance, responsibilities and requirements surrounding the identification, measurement, analysis, management and communication of market risk arising from our trading activities. These policy statements also set forth the market risk control framework to monitor, support, manage and control this portion of our risk appetite. All groups involved in the management and control of market risk associated with trading activities are required to comply with the qualitative and quantitative elements of these policy statements. Our trading market risk control framework is composed of the following components:
A trading market risk management process led by ERM, separate from the business units' discrete activities;
Clearly defined responsibilities and authorities for the primary groups involved in trading market risk management;
A trading market risk measurement methodology that captures correlation effects and allows aggregation of market risk across risk types, markets and business lines;
Daily monitoring, analysis, and reporting of market risk exposures associated with trading activities against market risk limits;
A defined limit structure and escalation process in the event of a market risk limit excess;
Use of VaR models to measure the one-day market risk exposure of trading positions;
Use of VaR as a ten-day-based regulatory capital measure of the market risk exposure of trading positions;
Use of non-VaR-based limits and other controls;
Use of stressed-VaR models, stress-testing analysis and scenario analysis to support the trading market risk measurement and management process by assessing how portfolios and global business lines perform under extreme market conditions;
Use of back-testing as a diagnostic tool to assess the accuracy of VaR models and other risk management techniques; and
A new-product-approval process that requires market risk teams to assess trading-related market risks and apply risk tolerance limits to proposed new products and business activities.
State Street uses its ICAAP to assess its overall capital and liquidity in relation to its risk profile and provide a comprehensive strategy for maintaining appropriate capital and liquidity levels. With respect to market risk associated with trading activities, our risk management and our calculations of regulatory capital and economic capital are based primarily on our internal VaR models and stress-testingstress-
testing analysis. As discussed in detail under “Value-at-Risk” below, VaR is measured daily by ERM.

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The TRMC oversees our marketMarket risk exposure in relation to limitsis established within our risk appetite framework. These limits define threshold levels for VaR- and stressed VaR-based measures and are applicable to all trading positions subject to regulatory capital requirements. These limits serve to prevent any undue concentration of market risk exposure, in light of the primarily non-proprietary nature of our trading activities. The risk appetite framework and associated limits are reviewed and approved by the Risk and Capital Committee of the Board.
Covered Positions
Our trading positions are subject to regulatory market risk capital requirements if they meet the regulatory definition of a “covered position.” The identification of covered positions for inclusion in our market risk capital framework is governed by our covered positions policy. This policy outlines the standards we use to determine whether a trading position is a covered position.
Our covered positions consist primarily of those arising from the trading portfolios held by our Global Markets business. These trading portfolios include products such as spot foreign exchange, foreign exchange forwards, non-deliverable forwards, foreign exchange options, foreign exchange funding swaps, currency futures, financial futures, and interest rate futures. Covered positions also arise from certain portfolios held by our Global Treasury group. Any new activities are analyzed to determine if the positions arising from such new activities meet the definition of a covered position and conform to our covered positions policy. This documented analysis, including any decisions with respect to market risk treatments, must receive approval from the TMRC.
We use spot rates, forward points, yield curves and discount factors imported from third-party sources to measure the value of our covered positions, and we use such values to mark our covered positions to market on a daily basis. These values are subject to independent validation by us in order to evaluate reasonableness and consistency with market experience. The mark-to-market gain or loss on spot transactions is calculated by applying the spot rate to the foreign currency principal and comparing the resultant base currency amount to the original transaction principal. The mark-to-market gain or loss on a forward foreign exchange contract or forward cash flow contract is determined as the difference between the life-to-date (historical) value of the cash flow and the value of the cash flow at the inception of the transaction. The mark-to-market gain or loss on interest-rate swaps is determined by discounting the future cash flows from each leg of the swap transaction.
Value-at-Risk, Stress Testing and Stressed VaR
As noted above, we use a variety of risk measurement tools and methodologies, including VaR, which is an estimate of potential loss for a given period within a stated statistical confidence interval. We use a risk measurement methodology to measure trading-related VaR daily. We have adopted standards for measuring trading-related VaR, and we maintain regulatory capital for market risk associated with our trading activities in accordanceconformity with currently applicable bank regulatory market risk guidelines.requirements.
We utilize an internal VaR model to calculate our regulatory market risk capital requirements. We use a historical simulation model to calculate daily VaR- and stressed VaR-based measures for our covered positions in conformity with regulatory requirements effective beginning on January 1, 2013.requirements. Our VaR model seeks to capture identified material risk factors associated with our covered positions, including risks arising from market movements such as changes in foreign exchange rates, interest rates and option-implied volatilities.
We have adopted standards and guidelines to value our covered positions which govern our VaR-


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and stressed VaR-based measures. Our regulatory VaR-based measure is calculated based on a one-tail, 99% confidence interval and a ten-business-day holding period, using a historical observation period of two years. We also use the same platform to calculate a one-tail, 99% confidence interval, one-business-day VaR for internal risk management purposes. A 99% one-tail confidence interval implies that daily trading losses are not expected to exceed the estimated VaR more than 1% of the time, or less than three business days out of a year.
Our market risk models, including our VaR model, are subject to change in connection with the governance, validation and back-testing processes described below. These models can change as a result of changes in our business activities, our historical experiences, market forces and events, regulations and regulatory interpretations and other factors. In addition, the models are subject to continuing regulatory review and approval. Changes in our models may result in changes in our measurements of our market risk exposures, including VaR, and related measures, including regulatory capital. These changes could result in material changes in those risk measurements and related measures as calculated and compared from period to period.
Value-at-Risk
VaR measures are based on two years of historical price movements for instruments and related risk factors to which we have exposure. The instruments in question are limited to foreign exchange spot, forward and options contracts and interest-rate contracts, including futures and interest-rate swaps. These instruments tend to exhibit a high degree of liquidity relative to

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other available capital markets instruments. As a result, the VaR measures shown reflect our ability to rapidly adjust exposures in highly dynamic markets. For this reason, risk inventory, in the form of net open positions, across all currencies is typically limited. In addition, long and short positions in major, as well as minor, currencies provide risk offsets that limit our potential downside exposure.
Our VaR methodology uses a historical simulation approach based on market-observed changes in foreign exchange rates, U.S. and non-U.S. interest rates and implied volatilities, and incorporates the resulting diversification benefits provided from the mix of our trading positions. Our VaR model incorporates around 5,000 risk factors and capturesincludes correlations among currency, interest rates, and other market rates.
All VaR measures are subject to limitations and must be interpreted accordingly. Some of the limitations of our VaR methodology include the following:
Compared to a shorter observation period, a two-year observation period is slower to reflect increases in market volatility, and temporary increases in market volatility will affect the calculation of VaR for a longer period; however, a two-year VaR would also not reflect all past periods of volatility in the markets, because such past volatility is no longer in the observation period; consequently, in periods of sudden increases in volatility or increasing volatility, in each case relative to the prior two-year period, the calculation of VaR may understate current risk;
The VaR-based measure is calibrated to a specified level of confidence and does not indicate the potential magnitude of losses beyond this confidence level;
In certain cases, VaR-based measures approximate the impact of changes in risk factors on the values of positions and portfolios; this may happen because the number of inputs included in the VaR model is necessarily limited; for example, yield curve risk factors do not exist for all future dates;
The use of historical market information may not be predictive of future events, particularly those that are extreme in nature; this “backward-looking” limitation can cause VaR to understate or overstate risk;
The effect of extreme and rare market movements is difficult to estimate; this may result from non-linear risk sensitivities as well as the potential for actual volatility and correlation levels to differ from assumptions implicit in the VaR calculations; and
Intra-day risk is not captured.
Stress Testing and Stressed VaR
We have an enterprise-widea corporate-wide stress-testing program in place that incorporates an array of techniques to measure the potential loss we could suffer in a hypothetical scenario of adverse economic and financial conditions. We also monitor concentrations of risk such as concentration by branch, risk component, and currency pairs. We conduct stress testing on a daily basis based on selected historical stress events that are relevant to our positions in order to estimate the potential impact
to our current portfolio should similar market conditions recur, and we also perform stress testing as part of the Federal Reserve's annual CCAR process. Stress testing is conducted, analyzed and reported at the corporate, trading desk, division and risk-factor level (for example, exchange risk, interest-rate risk and volatility risk).
We calculate a stressed VaR-based measure using the same model we use to calculate VaR, but with model inputs calibrated to historical data from a range of continuous twelve-month periods that reflect significant financial stress. For each portfolio, the stress period is determined algorithmically by seeking the one-year time horizon that produces the largest ten-business-day VaR from within the available historical data. This historical data set includes the financial crisis of 2008, the highly volatile period surrounding the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis and the Standard & Poor's downgrade of U.S. Treasury debt in August 2011. As the historical data set used to determine the stress period expands over time, future market stress events will be automatically incorporated. The sixty-day moving average of our stressed VaR-based measure was approximately $27$31 million duringfor the twelve months endedSeptember 30, 2013March 31, 2014, compared to a sixty-day moving average of approximately $19$28 million during the twelve months ended June 30, 2013 and a sixty-day moving average of approximately $16 million during the twelve months ended March 31, 2013. The increase in the sixty-day moving average for the twelve months ended September 30,December 31, 2013 compared toand approximately $16 million for the twelve months ended June 30, 2013 was associated with the model changes described below following the VaR and stressed-VaR tables.March 31, 2013.
We perform scenario analysis daily based on selected historical stress events that are relevant to our positions in order to estimate the potential impact to our current portfolio should similar market conditions recur. Relevant scenarios are chosen from an inventory of historical financial stresses and applied to our current portfolio. These historical event scenarios involve spot foreign exchange, credit, equity, unforeseen geo-political events and natural disasters, and government and central bank intervention scenarios. Examples of the specific historical scenarios we incorporate in our stress testing program may include the Asian financial crisis of 1997, the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the U.S., andthe2008 financial crisis. We continue to update our inventory of historical stress scenarios as new stress conditions emerge in the financial markets.

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As each of the historical stress events is associated with a different time horizon, we normalize results by scaling down the longer horizon events to a ten-day horizon and keeping the shorter horizon events (i.e., events that are shorter than ten days) at their original terms. We also conduct sensitivity analysis daily to calculate the impact of a large predefined shock in a specific risk factor or a group of risk factors on our current portfolio. These predefined shocks include parallel and non-parallel yield curve shifts and foreign exchange spot and volatility surface shifts. In a parallel shift scenario, we apply a constant factor shift across all yield curve tenors. In a non-parallel shift scenario, we apply different shock levels to different tenors of a yield curve, rather than shifting the entire curve by a constant amount. Non-parallel shifts include steepening, flattening and butterflies.
Stress-testing results and limits are actively monitored on a daily basis by ERM and reported to the TMRC. Limit breaches are addressed by ERM risk managers in conjunction with the business units, escalated as appropriate, and reviewed by the TMRC if material. In addition, we have established several action triggers that prompt immediate review by management and the implementation of a remediation plan.
Validation and Back-Testing
We perform daily back-testing to assess the accuracy of our VaR-based model in estimating loss at the stated confidence level. This back-testing involves the comparison of estimated VaR model outputs to actual profit-and-loss, or P&L, outcomes observed from daily market movements. We back-test our VaR model using “clean” P&L, which excludes non-trading revenue such as fees, commissions and net interest revenue, as well as estimated revenue from intra-day trading. Back-testing is also performed atWe experienced no back-testing exceptions in the sub-portfolio levelfirst quarter of 2014 or the first quarter of 2013.
Our market risk models are governed by our model risk governance guidelines, in conformity with our model risk governance policy, which outline the standards we use to identify products or risk components that may lead to potential exceptions.
assess the conceptual soundness and effectiveness of our models. Our market risk models are subject to regular review and validation by our model validationModel Validation group within ERM and overseen by our Model Assessment Committee.the MAC. The Model Assessment Committee,MAC, chaired by a senior executive in ERM, was established for the purpose of providing recommendations on technical modeling issues to the corporate oversight committees. The Model Assessment CommitteeMAC includes members with expertise in modeling methodologies and has representation from the various business units


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throughout State Street. As part of its responsibilities, the Model Assessment Committee considers technical modeling issues for our market risk models, including the selection of an appropriate modeling approach, the setting of key model input assumptions, the deployment of substantive model changes, the deployment of new models as needed, and the monitoring of ongoing model performance.
Our market risk models are governed by our model risk governance guidelines, in accordance with our model risk governance policy, which outline the standards we use to assess the conceptual soundness and effectiveness of our models. Consistent with regulatory requirements, our market risk regulatory capital modelAdditional information is subject to an annual review process. The process identifies the areas of model risk for the three model components: input, processing and output. The model testing is concentrated in the areas of model risk identified by the Model Validation Group. The results of this annual review are communicated to the Model Assessment Committee, which then assigns “Pass,provided under “Model Risk Management. “Pass with Reservations,” “Recommend a Full Scope Review,” or “Fail” to the outcome.
Our model validation process also evaluates the integrity of our VaR models through the use of regular outcome analysis. Such outcome analysis includes back-testing, which compares the VaR model's predictions to actual outcomes using out-of-sample information. The Model Validation Group examined back-testing results for the market risk regulatory
capital model used for 2012. Consistent with regulatory guidance, the back-testing compared “clean” P&L, defined above, with the one-day VaR produced by the model. The back-testing was performed for a time period not used for model development. The number of occurrences where “clean” trading-book P&L exceeded the one-day VaR was within our expected VaR tolerance level.
Market Risk Reporting
Our ERM market risk function is responsible for market risk monitoring and reporting. We use a variety of systems and controlled market feeds from third-party services to compile data for several daily, weekly, and monthly management reports.
Our business units and trading market risk teamsreview daily P&L, market risk limit exceptions, open positions, interest-rate and option sensitivities and VaR reports on a daily basis. Market risk limit exceptions are also reported to and reviewed by the global head of Market Risk. We produce and review several other reports that summarize relevant market risk metrics, including VaR, on a periodic basis.

The following tables present VaR associated with our trading activities for covered positions held during the first quarter ended March 31, 2014 and the first nine months ofquarter ended March 31, 2013, and as of September 30, 2013, June 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and MarchDecember 31, 2013, as measured by our VaR methodology. Comparative information for 2012 is not presented, as we did not measure VaR for those periods under the regulatory requirements effective beginning on January 1, 2013.

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Table of Contents
VaR - COVERED PORTFOLIOS (TEN-DAY VaR)Quarter Ended March 31, 2014 Quarter Ended March 31, 2013 As of March 31, 2014 As of December 31, 2013
(In thousands)Average Maximum Minimum Average Maximum Minimum VaR VaR
Foreign exchange$6,321
 $12,327
 $2,273
 $7,114
 $22,835
 $1,626
 $4,664
 $5,463
Money market/Global Treasury51
 62
 42
 140
 559
 24
 61
 58
Total VaR$6,298
 $12,283
 $2,262
 $7,046
 $22,834
 $1,641
 $4,634
 $5,441
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

STRESSED VaR - COVERED PORTFOLIOS (TEN-DAY VaR)Quarter Ended March 31, 2014 Quarter Ended March 31, 2013 As of March 31, 2014 As of December 31, 2013
(In thousands)Average Maximum Minimum Average Maximum Minimum VaR VaR
Foreign exchange$30,664
 $50,900
 $15,625
 $16,424
 $37,633
 $5,333
 $34,072
 $30,338
Money market/Global Treasury230
 572
 84
 310
 965
 56
 140
 280
Total Stressed VaR$30,610
 $50,795
 $15,495
 $16,313
 $37,445
 $5,385
 $33,930
 $30,403
VaR - COVERED PORTFOLIOS (TEN-DAY VaR)Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 As of September 30, 2013 As of June 30, 2013 As of March 31, 2013
(In thousands)Average Maximum Minimum VaR VaR VaR
Foreign exchange$6,569
 $22,835
 $1,626
 $11,549
 $5,696
 $9,283
Money market/Global Treasury108
 559
 24
 102
 53
 365
Total VaR$6,530
 $22,834
 $1,641
 $11,496
 $5,657
 $9,017

STRESSED VaR - COVERED PORTFOLIOS (TEN-DAY VaR)Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 As of September 30, 2013 As of June 30, 2013 As of March 31, 2013
(In thousands)Average Maximum Minimum VaR VaR VaR
Foreign exchange$21,361
 $43,984
 $4,933
 $32,905
 $15,275
 $26,141
Money market/Global Treasury280
 1,075
 56
 290
 186
 900
Total Stressed VaR$21,252
 $43,765
 $4,889
 $32,521
 $15,157
 $25,673
The VaR-based measures presented abovein the preceding tables are primarily a reflection of the overall level of market volatility and State Street'sour appetite for trading market risk. Overall levels of volatility have been low both on an absolute basis and relative to the historical information observed at the beginning of the period used for the calculations. Both the ten-day VaR-based measures and the stressed VaR-based measures are based on historical changes observed during rolling ten-day periods for the portfolios as of the close of business each day over the past one-year period.
The decrease in the maximum VaR measure for foreign exchange for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2013 was the result of declining market volatility, particularly foreign exchange volatility.  In addition, the high level of volatility that occurred in the third and fourth quarters of 2011 was no longer included in the advancing two-year window for historical price movements and related risk factors used to measure VaR.  The increase in the VaR and stressed-VaR measures for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2013 resulted from the
model changes, described below, that we implemented beginning on July 1, 2013. The increase in the stressed-VaR measure for foreign exchange as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 compared to June 30,December 31, 2013 resulted from the model changes described below,was due primarily to increases in our exposures to both on-shore and not from any changesoff-shore yield curves in the third quarter of 2013 in the overall composition of exposure within our portfolio of covered positions.foreign currency.
Beginning on July 1, 2013, we implemented two significant changes to our regulatory VaR and stressed-VaR models.stressed-VAR model. The net effect of the two changes resulted in an increase in our daily VaR-based measure and a more significant increaseincreases in our stressed VaR-based measure, bothmeasures, calculated based on a 99% confidence interval. The changes involved the introduction of off-shore yield curves for non-deliverable forward contracts in our portfolios of covered positions and the use of absolute changes in place of relative or percentage changes for interest-rate risk factors (both base curves and spread curves).
We may in the future further modify and adjust our models and methodologies used to calculate VaR, subject to regulatory review and approval, and these modifications and adjustments may result in changes in in our VaR measures, some of which changes may be significant.






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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
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The following table presents VaR associated with our trading activities attributable to foreign exchange rates, interest rates and volatility as ofMarch 31, 2014 and September 30, 2013, June 30, 2013 and MarchDecember 31, 2013. The totals of the VaR amounts attributable to foreign exchange rates, interest rates and volatility for each VaR component exceeded the component VaR measures presented in the foregoing table as of each period-end, primarily due to the benefits of diversification across risk types. Comparative information for 2012 is not presented, as we did not measure VaR under the regulatory requirements effective beginning on January 1, 2013.
VaR - COVERED PORTFOLIOS (TEN-DAY VaR)As of September 30, 2013 As of June 30, 2013 As of March 31, 2013As of March 31, 2014 As of December 31, 2013
(In thousands)Foreign Exchange Interest Rate Volatility Foreign Exchange Interest Rate Volatility Foreign Exchange Interest Rate VolatilityForeign Exchange Interest Rate Volatility Foreign Exchange Interest Rate Volatility
By component:                            
Foreign exchange/Global Markets$9,704
 $3,194
 $454
 $5,531
 $1,808
 $650
 $9,543
 $2,265
 $492
$4,107
 $4,132
 $234
 $3,492
 $4,561
 $306
Money market/Global Treasury49
 72
 
 50
 33
 
 376
 33
 
48
 25
 
 46
 52
 
Total VaR$9,648
 $3,175
 $454
 $5,483
 $1,808
 $650
 $9,288
 $2,263
 $492
$4,070
 $4,125
 $234
 $3,457
 $4,577
 $306

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Asset-and-Liability Management Activities
The primary objective of asset-and-liability management is to provide sustainable and growing net interest revenue, or NIR, under varying economic environments, while protecting the economic value of the assets and liabilities carried in our consolidated statement of condition from the adverse effects of changes in interest rates. While many market factors affect the level of NIR and the economic value of our assets and liabilities, one of the most significant factors is our exposure to movements in interest rates. Most of our NIR is earned from the investment of client deposits generated by our businesses. We invest these client deposits in assets that conform generally to the characteristics of our balance sheet liabilities, including the currency composition of our significant non-U.S. dollar denominated client liabilities, but we manage our overall interest-rate risk position in the context of current and anticipated market conditions and within internally-approved risk guidelines.
Our overall interest-rate risk position is maintained within a series of policies approved by the Board and guidelines established and monitored by ALCCO. Our Global Treasury group has responsibility for managing State Street'sour day-to-day interest-rate risk. To effectively manage our consolidated statement of condition and related NIR, Global Treasury has the authority to assume a limited amount of interest-rate risk based on market conditions and its views about the direction of global interest rates over both short-term and long-term time horizons. Global Treasury manages our exposure to changes in interest rates on a consolidated basis organized into three regional treasury units, North America, Europe and Asia/Pacific, to reflect the growing, global nature of our exposures and to capture the impact of changes in regional market environments on our total risk position.
The economic value of our consolidated statement of condition is a metric designed to best estimate the fair value of assets and liabilities which

could be garnered if those assets and liabilities were sold today. The economic values represent discounted cash flows from all financial instruments; therefore, changes in the yield curves, which are used to discount the cash flows, affect the values of these instruments. Additional information about our measurement of fair value is provided in note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Our investment activities and our use of derivative financial instruments are the primary tools used in managing interest-rate risk. We invest in financial instruments with currency, repricing, and maturity characteristics we consider appropriate to manage our overall interest-rate risk position. In addition, we use certain derivative instruments, primarily interest-rate swaps, to alter the interest-rate characteristics of specific balance sheet assets or liabilities. Our use of derivatives is subject to guidelines approved by ALCCO, within which we seek to manage.
Additional information about our measurement of fair value and our use of derivatives is provided in notenotes 2 and 11, respectively, to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Because no one individual measure can accurately assess all of our exposures to changes in interest rates, we use several quantitative measures in our assessment of current and potential future exposures to changes in interest rates and their impact on NIR and balance sheet values. NIR simulation is the primary tool used in our evaluation of the potential range of possible NIR results that could occur under a variety of interest-rate environments. We also use market valuation and duration analysis to assess changes in the economic value of balance sheet assets and liabilities caused by assumed changes in interest rates.
To measure, monitor, and report on our interest-rate risk position, we use NIR simulation, or NIR-at-risk, and economic value of equity, or EVE, sensitivity. NIR-at-risk measures the impact on NIR over the next twelve months to immediate, or “rate shock,” and gradual, or “rate ramp,” changes in market interest rates. EVE sensitivity is a total return view of interest-rate risk, which measures the impact on the present


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value of all NIR-related principal and interest cash flows of an immediate change in interest rates, and is generally used in the context of economic capital discussed under “Economic Capital” in “Financial Condition - Capital” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis. Although NIR-at-risk and EVE sensitivity measure interest-rate risk over different time horizons, both utilize consistent assumptions when modeling the positions currently held by State Street; however, NIR-at-risk also incorporates future actions planned by management over the time horizons being modeled.
In calculating our NIR-at-risk, we start with a base amount of NIR that is projected over the next twelve months, assuming our forecastedforecast yield curve over the period. Our existing balance sheet assets and liabilities are adjusted by the amount and timing of transactions that are forecastedforecast to occur over the next twelve months. That yield curve is then “shocked,” or moved immediately, ±100+/-100 basis points in a parallel fashion, or at all points along the yield curve. Two new twelve-month NIR projections are then developed using the same balance sheet and forecastedforecast transactions, but with the new yield curves, and compared to the base scenario. We also perform the calculations using interest-rate ramps, which are ±100-basis-point+/-100-basis-point changes in interest rates that are assumed to occur gradually over the next twelve months, rather than immediately as we do with interest-rate shocks.
EVE is based on the change in the present value of all NIR-related principal and interest cash flows for changes in market rates of interest. The present value of existing cash flows with a then-current yield curve serves as the base case. We then apply an immediate parallel shock to that yield curve of ±200 basis points and recalculate the cash flows and related present values. A

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

large shock is used to better capture the embedded option risk in our mortgage-backed securities that results from borrowers' prepayment opportunities.
Key assumptions used in the models, described in more detail below, along with changes in market conditions, are inherently uncertain. Actual results necessarily differ from model results as market conditions differ from assumptions. As such, management performs back-testing, stress testing, and model integrity analyses to validate that the modeled results produce predictive NIR-at-risk and EVE sensitivity estimates which can be used in theour management of interest-rate risk. Primary factors affecting the actual results are changes in our balance sheet size and mix; the timing, magnitude and frequency of changes in interest rates, including the slope and the relationship between the interest-rate level of U.S. dollar and non-U.S. dollar yield
curves; changes in market conditions; and management actions taken in response to the preceding conditions.
Both NIR-at-risk and EVE sensitivity results are managed against ALCCO-approved limits and guidelines and are monitored regularly, along with other relevant simulations, scenario analyses and stress tests, by both Global Treasury and ALCCO. Our ALCCO-approved guidelines are, we believe, in line with industry standards and are periodically examined by the Federal Reserve.
Based on our current balance sheet composition where fixed-rate assets exceed fixed-rate liabilities, reported results of NIR-at-risk could depict an increase in NIR from a rate increase while EVE presents a loss. A change in this balance sheet profile may result in different outcomes under both NIR-at-risk and EVE. NIR-at-risk depicts the change in the nominal (undiscounted) dollar net interest flows which are generated from the forecastedforecast statement of condition over the next twelve months.  As interest rates increase, the interest expense associated with our client deposit liabilities is assumed to increase at a slower pace than the investment returns derived from our current balance sheet or the associated reinvestment of our interest-earning assets, resulting in an overall increase to NIR. EVE, on the other hand, measures the present value change of both principal and interest cash flows based on the current period-end balance sheet. As a result, EVE does not contemplate reinvestment of our assets associated with a change in the interest-rate environment. 
Although NIR in both NIR-at-risk and EVE sensitivity is higher in response to increased interest rates, the future principal flows from fixed-rate investments are discounted at higher rates for EVE, which results in lower asset values and a corresponding reduction or loss in EVE. As noted above, NIR-at-risk does not analyze changes in the value of principal cash flows and therefore does not experience the same reduction experienced by EVE sensitivity associated with discounting principal cash flows at higher rates.
NET INTEREST REVENUE AT RISKNet Interest Revenue at Risk
NIR-at-risk is designed to measure the potential impact of changes in global market interest rates on NIR in the short term. The impact of changes in market rates on NIR is measured against a baseline NIR which encompasses management's expectations regarding the evolving balance sheet volumes and interest rates in the near-term. The goal is to achieve an acceptable level of NIR under various interest-rate environments. Assumptions regarding levels of client deposits and our ability to price these deposits under various rate environments have a significant impact


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

on the results of the NIR simulations. Similarly, the timing of cash flows from our investment portfolio, especially option-embedded financial instruments like mortgage-backed securities, and our ability to replace these cash flows in line with management's expectations, can affect the results of NIR simulations.
The following table presents the estimated exposure of our NIR for the next twelve months, calculated as of the dates indicated, due to an immediate ±100-basis-point+/-100-basis-point shift to our internal forecast of global interest rates. We manage our NIR sensitivity to limit declines to 15% or less from baseline NIR. Estimated incremental exposures presented below are dependent on management's assumptions, and do not reflect any additional actions management may undertake in order to mitigate some of the adverse effects of changes in interest rates on State Street'sour financial performance.
Estimated Exposure to
Net Interest Revenue
Estimated Exposure to
Net Interest Revenue
(In millions)September 30,
2013
 December 31,
2012
(Dollars in millions)March 31,
2014
 December 31,
2013
Rate change:   Exposure % of Base NIR Exposure % of Base NIR
+100 bps shock$316
 $156
$344
 14.2% $334
 14.0%
–100 bps shock(224) (200)(291) (12.0) (261) (10.9)
+100 bps ramp121
 39
128
 5.3
 126
 5.3
–100 bps ramp(119) (96)(158) (6.5) (124) (5.2)
As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, NIR sensitivity to an upward-100-basis-point shock in global marketinterest rates was slightly higher compared to such sensitivity as of December 31, 20122013, due to a higher level of forecastedforecast client deposits. The benefit to NIR forof an upward-100-basis-point ramp is less significant than a shock, since marketinterest rates are assumed to increase gradually.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

March 31, 2014 increased compared to such sensitivity as of December 31, 2013. Increased levels of forecast client deposits, while beneficial to baseline NIR, do not provide relief in the downward shock scenario, as they have no room to fully re-price from current levels as their pricing basis falls. A downward-100-basis-point shock in global marketinterest rates places pressure on NIR, as deposit rates reach their implicit floors due to the exceptionally low global interest-rate environment, and provide little funding relief on the liability side, while assets resetre-price into the lower-rate environment.
Our baseline NIR incorporates an expectation that short-term interest rates will begin to rise in anticipation of central bank tightening of current
monetary policies. While this rise in rates benefits our baseline NIR, it is detrimental to our NIR sensitivity to a downward-100-basis-point shock, as rising short-term interest rates allow asset yields to re-price lower in market rates as of September 30, 2013 was similara downward shock scenario than previously, while deposits are still priced close to December 31, 2012, as higher levels of forecasted noninterest-bearing deposits, which improve base NIR, provide no relief as rates fall.natural floors.
Other important factors which affect the levels of NIR are the size and mix of assets carried in our consolidated statement of condition; interest-rate spreads; the slope and interest-rate level of U.S. and non-U.S. dollar yield curves and the relationship between them; the pace of change in global market interest rates; and management actions taken in response to the preceding conditions.
ECONOMIC VALUE OF EQUITYEconomic Value of Equity
EVE sensitivity measures changes in the market value of equity to quantify potential losses to shareholders due to an immediate ±200-basis-point+/-200-basis-point rate shock compared to current interest-rate levels if the balance sheet were liquidated immediately. Management compares the change in EVE sensitivity against State Street's aggregate tier 1 and tier 2 risk-based capital, calculated in conformity with currently applicable regulatory requirements, to evaluate whether the magnitude of the exposure to interest rates is acceptable. Generally, a change resulting from a ±200-basis-point+/-200-basis-point rate shock that is less than 20% of aggregate tier 1 and tier 2 capital is an exposure that management deems acceptable. To the extent that we manage changes in EVE sensitivity within the 20% threshold, we would seek to take action to remain below the threshold if the magnitude of our exposure to interest rates approached that limit.
Similar to NIR-at-risk measures, the timing of cash flows affects EVE sensitivity, as changes in asset and liability values under different rate scenarios are dependent on when interest and principal payments are received. In contrast to NIR simulations, however, EVE sensitivity does not incorporate assumptions regarding reinvestment of these cash flows. In addition, our ability to price client deposits has a much smaller impact on EVE sensitivity, as EVE sensitivity does not consider the ongoing benefit of investing client deposits.
The following table presents estimated EVE exposures, calculated as of the dates indicated, assuming an immediate and prolonged shift in global interest rates, the impact of which would be spread over a number of years.


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
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Estimated Sensitivity of
Economic Value of Equity
September 30,
2013
 December 31,
2012
Estimated Sensitivity of
Economic Value of Equity
(Dollars in millions)Exposure % of Tier 1/Tier 2 Capital Exposure % of Tier 1/Tier 2 CapitalMarch 31,
2014
 December 31,
2013
Rate change:       Exposure % of Tier 1/Tier 2 Capital Exposure % of Tier 1/Tier 2 Capital
+200 bps shock$(2,259) (14.1)% $(2,542) (17.0)%$(2,346) (13.2)% $(2,359) (14.9)%
–200 bps shock873
 5.5
 41
 0.3
1,146
 6.5
 1,149
 7.2
Exposure to upward- and downward-200-basis-point shocks as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 improved compared to December 31, 20122013. A lower concentration of fixed-rate securities in the investment portfolio and related hedging activity during the first nine months ofin 2013 reduced EVE sensitivity to changes in market rates.
CreditModel Risk Management
The use of financial models is widespread throughout the banking and Counterparty Riskfinancial services industry, with larger and more complex organizations employing dozens of sophisticated models on a daily basis to measure risk exposures, determine economic and regulatory capital levels, and guide investment decisions, among other things. However, even as models represent a significant advancement in financial management, the models themselves represent a new source of risk, i.e., the potential for adverse consequences or financial loss from decisions based on incorrect, misused or misinterpreted model outputs and reports.
CreditIn large banking organizations like State Street, where financial models and counterpartytheir outputs exert significant influence on business decisions, and where model failure could have a particularly harmful effect on our financial strength and performance, model risk is definedmanaged within an extensive and rigorous risk management framework. This framework is documented in our Model Risk Governance policy statement and accompanying Model Risk Governance guidelines.
Our model risk management program has three principal components:
A model risk governance program supports risk management by defining roles and responsibilities, by providing policies and guidance that define relevant model risk management activities, and by describing procedures that implement those policies;
A model development process facilitates the appropriate design and accuracy of models; the development process also includes ongoing model integrity activities designed to test for robustness and stability and to evaluate a model's limitations and assumptions; and
A set of model validation processes and activities is designed to validate that models are theoretically sound, are performing as expected, and are in line with their design objectives; model validation also checks that a model's key assumptions and limitations are identified and clearly communicated to the model's end users and to senior management.
The MAC, chaired by the head of the Model Validation Group, was established to provide recommendations on technical modeling issues to the corporate oversight committees. The MAC includes members with expertise in modeling methodologies, and has representation from the various business units throughout State Street.
Business Risk Management
We define business risk as the risk of financial loss if a borrower or counterparty is either unable or unwillingadverse changes in our earnings related to repay borrowings or settle a transactionbusiness factors, including changes in accordance with underlying contractual terms. We assume credit and counterparty risk for boththe competitive environment, changes in the operational economics of our on- and off-balance sheet exposures. The extension of creditbusiness activities and the acceptancepotential effect of counterpartystrategic and reputation risks, not already captured as trading market, interest-rate, credit, operational or liquidity risks. We incorporate business risk by State Street are governed by corporate guidelines based on each counterparty'sinto our assessment of our strategic plans and economic capital needs. Active management of business risk profile, the markets served, counterparty and country concentrations, and regulatory compliance. Our focus on large institutional investors and their businesses requires that we assume concentrated credit risk for a varietyis an integral component of products and durations. We maintain guidelines and procedures to monitor and manage all aspects of creditour business, and counterpartyresponsibility for the management of business risk that we undertake.lies with every employee at State Street.
Separating the effects of a potential material adverse event into operational and business risk is sometimes difficult. For instance, the direct financial impact of an unfavorable event in the form of fines or penalties would be classified as an operational risk loss, while the impact on our reputation and consequently the potential loss of clients and corresponding decline in revenue would be classified as a business risk loss. An additional example of business risk is the integration of a major acquisition. Failure to successfully integrate the operations of an acquired business, and the resultant inability to retain clients and the associated revenue, would be classified as a loss due to business risk.
Business risk is managed with a long-term focus. Techniques for its assessment and management include the development of business


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

plans and appropriate management oversight. The potential impact of the various elements of business risk is difficult to quantify with any degree of precision. We use ana combination of historical earnings volatility, scenario analysis, stress-testing and management judgment to help assess the potential effect on State Street attributable to business risk. Management and control of business risks are generally the responsibility of the business units as part of their overall strategic planning and internal rating systemrisk management processes.
Capital
The management of both our regulatory and economic capital involves key metrics evaluated by management to assess whether our actual level of capital is commensurate with our risk profile, is in compliance with all applicable regulatory requirements, and is sufficient to provide us with the financial flexibility to undertake future strategic business initiatives. We assess capital based on relevant regulatory capital adequacy requirements, as well as our own internal capital targets.
Framework
Our objective with respect to management of capital is to maintain a strong capital base in order to provide financial flexibility for our business needs, including funding corporate growth and supporting clients’ cash management needs, and to provide protection against loss to depositors and creditors. We strive to maintain an appropriate level of capital, commensurate with our risk profile, on which an attractive return to shareholders is expected to be realized over both the short and long term, while protecting our obligations to depositors and creditors and complying with regulatory capital adequacy requirements. Our capital management process focuses on our risk exposures, the regulatory requirements applicable to us with respect to capital adequacy, the evaluations and resulting credit loss. State Street's risk-rating process incorporatesratings of the use of risk-rating tools in conjunction with management judgment. Qualitative and quantitative inputs are captured in a transparent and replicable manner; following a formal review and approval process, an internalmajor independent credit rating basedagencies, our return on capital at both the consolidated and line-of-business level, and our credit scale is assigned. We evaluate and risk-ratecapital position relative to our peers.
Our evaluation of capital includes the creditcomparison of our counterparties on an individual basis at least annually. Significant exposures are reviewed daily by ERM. Processes for credit approval and monitoring are in place for all extensions of credit. As part of the approval and renewal process, due diligence is conducted based on the size and term of the exposure,capital sources with capital uses, as well as the creditworthinessconsideration of the counterparty. At anyquality and quantity of the various components of capital, as two of several inputs in our overall assessment of our capital adequacy. The goals of the capital evaluation process are to determine the optimal level of capital and composition of capital instruments to satisfy all constituents of capital, with the lowest overall cost to shareholders. Other factors considered in our capital evaluation process are strategic and contingency planning, stress testing and planned capital actions.
Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment
Our primary federal banking regulator is the Federal Reserve. Both State Street and State Street Bank are subject to the minimum regulatory capital requirements established by the Federal Reserve and defined in the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, or FDICIA. State Street Bank must exceed the regulatory capital thresholds for “well capitalized” in order for our parent company to maintain its status as a financial holding company. Accordingly, our primary goal with respect to capital adequacy is to exceed all applicable minimum regulatory capital requirements and to be “well-capitalized” under the Prompt Corrective Action guidelines established by the FDIC. Our capital adequacy program includes our Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process, or ICAAP, and associated capital policies.
We consider capital adequacy to be a key element of our financial well-being, which affects our ability to attract and maintain client relationships; operate effectively in the global capital markets; and satisfy regulatory, security holder and shareholder needs. Capital is one of several elements that affect State Street’s debt ratings and the ratings of our principal subsidiaries.
In conformity with our capital policies, we strive to maintain adequate capital, not just at a point in time, havingbut over time and during periods of stress, to account for changes in our strategic direction, evolving economic conditions, and financial and market volatility. We have developed and implemented a corporate-wide ICAAP to assess our overall capital and liquidity in relation to our risk profile and to provide a comprehensive strategy for maintaining appropriate capital and liquidity levels. The ICAAP considers material risks under multiple scenarios, with an emphasis on stress scenarios. The ICAAP builds on and leverages existing processes and systems used to measure our capital adequacy. Our ICAAP policy is reviewed and approved by the Board’s RCC.
Capital Contingency Planning
Contingency planning is an integral component of our capital management program. The objective of our contingency planning process is to monitor current and forecast levels of select measures that serve as preemptive indicators of a potentially adverse capital or liquidity adequacy situation. These measures are one of the inputs used to set our capital adequacy level. We review these measures annually for appropriateness and relevance in relation to our financial budget and capital plan.


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Stress Testing
We have a robust State Street-wide stress-testing program that executes multiple stress tests each year. Our stress testing program is structured around what we determine to be the key risks incurred by State Street. These key risks serve as an organizing principle for much of our risk management framework, as well as reporting, including the “risk dashboard” provided to the Board. Over the past few years, stress scenarios have included a deep recession in the U.S., a break-up of the Eurozone, and an oil shock precipitated by turmoil in the Middle East/North Africa region.
In connection with the focus on our key risks, each stress test incorporates idiosyncratic loss events tailored to State Street‘s unique risk profile. Due to the nature of our business model and our consolidated statement of condition, our risks differ from those of a traditional commercial bank.
The Federal Reserve requires bank holding companies with total consolidated assets of $50 billion or more, counterpartieswhich includes State Street, to submit a capital plan on an annual basis. The Federal Reserve uses its annual CCAR process, which our exposure exceeds 10%incorporates hypothetical financial and economic stress scenarios, to review those capital plans and assess whether banking organizations have capital planning processes that account for idiosyncratic risks and provide for sufficient capital to continue operations throughout times of economic and financial stress. As part of its CCAR process, the Federal Reserve assesses each organization’s capital adequacy, capital planning process, and plans to distribute capital, such as dividend payments or stock purchase programs. Management and Board risk committees review and approve CCAR results and assumptions before submission to the Federal Reserve.
Information about the Federal Reserve’s review of our consolidatedcapital plan for 2014, submitted in January 2014 in connection with the CCAR process, is provided under “Capital Actions” in this “Capital” section.
Governance
In order to support integrated decision making, we have identified three management elements to aid in the compatibility and coordination of our capital adequacy strategies and processes:
Risk Management - identification, measurement, monitoring and forecasting of different types of risk and their combined impact on capital adequacy;
Capital Management - determination of optimal capital and liquidity levels; and
Business Management - strategic planning, budgeting, forecasting, and performance management.
We have a hierarchical structure supporting appropriate committee review of relevant risk and capital information. The ongoing responsibility for capital management rests with our Treasurer. The Capital Planning group within Global Treasury is responsible for capital policies, development of the capital plan, the management of global capital, capital optimization, and business unit capital management.
ALCCO has oversight of our management of regulatory capital, capital adequacy with respect to regulatory requirements, internal targets and the expectations of the major independent credit rating agencies. ALCCO’s roles and responsibilities are designed to work complementary to and coordinated with the MRAC, which approves State Street’s balance sheet strategy and related activities. The Board’s RCC assists the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities related to the assessment and management of risk and capital.
Regulatory Capital
The following tables present regulatory capital ratios, the components of tier 1, tier 2 and total shareholders' equity, exclusivecapital, and the components of unrealized gains or losses, is not unusual.total risk-weighted assets, for State Street and State Street Bank as of the dates indicated:

 Currently Applicable Regulatory Guidelines State Street State Street Bank
 Minimum 
Well
Capitalized
 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio4% 6% 18.3% 17.3% 17.3% 16.4%
Total risk-based capital ratio8
 10
 21.0
 19.7
 19.6
 19.0
Tier 1 leverage ratio(1)
4
 5
 7.4
 6.9
 6.9
 6.4
(1) Regulatory guideline for “well capitalized” applies only to State Street Bank.


53

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

 State Street State Street Bank
(In millions)March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Tier 1 capital(1):
       
Total common shareholders' equity$20,040
 $19,887
 $20,024
 $19,755
Preferred stock1,233
 491
 
 
Trust preferred capital securities(2)
475
 950
 
 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities(3)
(6,122) (7,743) (5,838) (7,341)
Other(139) 310
 (63) 304
Tier 1 capital15,487
 13,895
 14,123
 12,718
Tier 2 capital(1):
       
Qualifying subordinated debt1,738
 1,918
 1,755
 1,936
Trust preferred capital securities(2)
475
 
 
 
Allowances for on- and off-balance sheet credit exposures and other50
 48
 48
 45
Tier 2 capital2,263
 1,966
 1,803
 1,981
Deduction for investments in finance subsidiaries
 (74) 
 
Total capital(1)
$17,750
 $15,787
 $15,926
 $14,699
Total risk-weighted assets(4):
       
On-balance sheet assets:       
Cash and interest-bearing assets$2,362
 $2,175
 $2,191
 $1,979
Investment securities34,134
 34,000
 33,435
 33,514
Loans and leases15,754
 13,201
 15,807
 13,257
Interest, fees and other receivables2,746
 2,951
 2,111
 2,332
Other assets9,835
 7,950
 8,183
 6,517
Total on-balance sheet assets64,831
 60,277
 61,727
 57,599
Off-balance sheet equivalent assets:       
Guarantees and unfunded commitments to extend credit10,989
 10,125
 10,989
 10,125
Foreign exchange derivative contracts4,167
 5,282
 4,167
 5,302
Standby letters of credit and asset purchase agreements3,011
 2,995
 3,011
 2,995
Other315
 185
 173
 176
Total off-balance sheet equivalent assets18,482
 18,587
 18,340
 18,598
Market risk equivalent assets1,381
 1,262
 1,381
 1,262
Total risk-weighted assets$84,694
 $80,126
 $81,448

$77,459
Adjusted quarterly average assets$209,021
 $202,801
 $205,409
 $199,301
(1) The provisions of the Basel III final rule (refer to “Basel Capital Framework”) affecting the calculation of capital were effective, with related phase-in provisions, on January 1, 2014; accordingly, as of March 31, 2014, amounts for State Street and State Street Bank were calculated in conformity with the provisions of the Basel III final rule.
(2) As of March 31, 2014, amount reflected the phase-out of 50% of trust preferred capital securities from tier 1 capital and inclusion of the same amount in tier 2 capital, in conformity with the Basel III final rule.
(3) As of March 31, 2014, amounts for State Street and State Street Bank were composed of goodwill, net of associated deferred tax liabilities, and 20% of other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities, the latter phased in as a deduction from capital, in conformity with the Basel III final rule.
(4) Amounts for State Street and State Street Bank for all periods presented were calculated in conformity with the provisions of Basel I.


54

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

We provide, on
As of March 31, 2014, State Street's regulatory capital ratios increased compared to December 31, 2013, primarily the result of higher capital, partly offset by an increase in total risk-weighted assets.
The increases in State Street's tier 1 and total capital were the result of the first-quarter 2014 issuance of preferred stock, the impact of the phase-in provisions of the Basel III final rule related to other intangible assets and the positive effect of net income, partly offset by declarations of common and preferred stock dividends and purchases by us of our common stock. The increase in total risk-weighted assets was primarily associated with higher on-balance sheet assets, mainly due to higher levels of loans and other assets.
The increase in the tier 1 leverage ratio mainly resulted from the above-described increase in tier 1 capital, partly offset by an increase in adjusted quarterly average assets associated with balance sheet growth during the first quarter of 2014.
As of March 31, 2014, State Street Bank's regulatory capital ratios increased compared to December 31, 2013, primarily the result of higher capital, partly offset by an increase in total risk-weighted assets.
State Street Bank's tier 1 and total capital increased, the result of the above-described phase-in provisions of the Basel III final rule related to other intangible assets and the positive effect of net income, partly offset by the payment of dividends by State Street Bank to our parent company. The increase in total risk-weighted assets was the result of the above-mentioned changes in on-balance sheet assets.
The increase in the tier 1 leverage ratio resulted from the above-described increase in tier 1 capital, partly offset by an increase in adjusted quarterly average assets associated with balance sheet growth during the first quarter of 2014.
Capital Actions
Preferred Stock
In February 2014, we issued 30 million depositary shares, each representing a selective basis, traditional loan products and services to key clients1/4,000th ownership interest in a manner that is intendedshare of State Street’s fixed-to-floating-rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series D, without par value, with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (equivalent to enhance client relationships, increase profitability$25 per depositary share), in a public offering. The aggregate proceeds from the offering, net of underwriting discounts, commissions and manage risk.other issuance costs, were approximately $742 million.
In the first quarter of 2014, we declared aggregate dividends on our non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series C (represented by depositary
shares, each representing a 1/4,000th ownership interest in a share of State Street’s non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series C) of $1,313 per share, or approximately $0.33 per depositary share, totaling approximately $6 million. In the first quarter of 2013, dividends on our perpetual preferred stock, Series C, totaled approximately $7 million.
Common Stock
In March 2014, we received the results of the Federal Reserve's review of our 2014 capital plan in connection with its annual CCAR process. The Federal Reserve did not object to the capital actions we proposed, and, in March 2014, our Board approved a new common stock purchase program authorizing the purchase of up to $1.70 billion of our common stock through March 31, 2015. We employ a relationship modeldid not purchase any of our common stock under the new program in which credit decisions are based on credit qualitythe first quarter of 2014.
In the first quarter of 2014, we completed the $2.10 billion program authorized by the Board in March 2013 by purchasing approximately 6.1 million shares of our common stock, at an average price of $69.14 per share and an aggregate cost of approximately $420 million.
In each of the first quarter of 2014 and the overall institutional relationship.
An allowance for loan losses is maintained to absorb estimated incurred credit lossesfirst quarter of 2013, we declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $0.26 per share, totaling approximately $112 million and $118 million, respectively. Our 2014 capital plan includes a proposed increase in our loan-and-lease portfolio as of the balance sheet date. This allowance is evaluated on a regular basis by management. The provision for loan losses is a chargesecond-quarter 2014 common stock dividend to current earnings to maintain the overall allowance for loan losses at a level considered appropriate to absorb estimated incurred credit losses in the loan-and-lease portfolio.
We also assume other types of credit exposure with our clients and counterparties. We purchase securities under reverse repurchase agreements, which are agreements to resell. Most repurchase agreements are short-term, with maturities of less than 90 days. Risk is managed through a variety of processes, including establishing the acceptability of counterparties; limiting purchases primarily to low-risk U.S. government securities; taking possession or control of pledged assets; monitoring levels of underlying collateral; and limiting the duration of the agreements. Securities are revalued daily to determine if additional collateral is required from the borrower.
We also provide our clients with off-balance sheet liquidity and credit-enhancement facilities in the form of letters and lines of credit and standby bond-purchase agreements. These exposures are$0.30 per share, subject to an initial credit analysis, with detailedconsideration and approval by the Board at its scheduled meeting in May.
Federal and review processes. These facilities are also actively monitoredstate banking regulations place certain restrictions on dividends paid by subsidiary banks to the parent holding company. In addition, banking regulators have the authority to prohibit bank holding companies from paying dividends. Information concerning limitations on dividends from our subsidiary banks is provided in “Related Stockholder Matters” included under Item 5, and reviewed annually. We maintain a separate reserve for estimated probable credit losses related to certain of these off-balance sheet facilities as of the balance sheet date, which is recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities in our consolidated statement of condition. This reserve is evaluated on a regular basis by management. Provisions to maintain the reserve at a level considered appropriate to absorb estimated probable credit losses in outstanding facilities are charged to other expenses in our consolidated statement of income.
Investments in debt and equity securities, including investments in affiliates, are monitored regularly by Corporate Finance and ERM. Procedures are in place for the assessment of impairment of investment securities, as described in note 315 to the consolidated financial statements, included in our 2013 Form 10-K.
Basel Capital Framework
Overview
We are currently subject to the applicable minimum regulatory capital ratio requirements enforced by U.S. banking regulators, referred to as Basel I. Basel I was developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, or Basel Committee, in 1988.
In July 2013, U.S. banking regulators jointly issued a final rule implementing the Basel III framework in the U.S., referred to as the Basel III final


55

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

rule. The provisions of Basel III are more fully described under “Basel III” below.
The Basel III final rule will become effective under a transition timetable which began on January 1, 2014. As of that date, our calculations of our tier 1 capital and total capital are governed by the provisions of the Basel III final rule, while our calculation of our total risk-weighted assets continues to be governed by the provisions of Basel I. The provisions of the Basel III final rule will supersede or modify corresponding elements of the Basel I- and Basel II-related capital requirements and prompt corrective action framework. The timing of application of certain provisions of the Basel III final rule is dependent on banking organizations' completion of the required qualification period.
On February 21, 2014, we were notified by the Federal Reserve that we have completed our qualification period and will be required to begin using the advanced approaches framework provided in the Basel III final rule in the determination of our risk-based capital requirements. Pursuant to this notification, we will use the advanced approaches framework to calculate and publicly disclose our risk-based capital ratios beginning with the second quarter of 2014. In 2014, under the Basel III final rule, we will be subject to the minimum risk-based capital ratios under both the advanced approaches and generally applicable risk-based capital frameworks in Basel III and Basel I, respectively, in the assessment of our capital adequacy for regulatory purposes.
Basel III
Under the Basel III final rule, a banking organization will be able to make capital distributions, subject to other regulatory constraints, such as the review of capital plans, and discretionary bonus payments without specified limitations as long as it maintains a required capital conservation buffer of 2.5% over each of the minimum tier 1 and total risk-based capital ratios and the common equity tier 1 capital ratio (plus any potentially applicable countercyclical capital buffer). Banking regulators will establish the minimum countercyclical capital buffer, which is initially set by banking regulators at zero, up to a maximum of 2.5% above the minimum ratios inclusive of the capital conservation buffer, under certain economic conditions.
As of January 1, 2019, the date that full implementation is required, and assuming no countercyclical buffer, the minimum Basel III capital ratios, including the capital conservation buffer, will be 7% for common equity tier 1 capital, 8.5% for tier 1 risk-based capital and 10.5% for total risk-based
capital, in order for us to make capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments without limitation. The denominator of each of these Basel III ratios is calculated differently under the Basel III final rule than those similar ratios calculated under Basel I, and therefore these Basel III ratios are not directly comparable with the ratios presented in the preceding “Regulatory Capital” section.
The Basel III final rule provides for two frameworks: the “standardized” approach, intended to replace Basel I, and the “advanced” approach, applicable to advanced approaches banking organizations, like State Street, as originally defined under Basel II. The calculation of risk-weighted assets under the Basel III standardized approach will become effective on January 1, 2015. The requirement for the capital conservation buffer will be phased in beginning on January 1, 2016, with full implementation by January 1, 2019.
Once the provisions of the Basel III final rule are fully implemented effective January 1, 2015, the more stringent of the Basel III tier I common ratio calculated by us under the Basel III advanced approach and the standardized approach will apply in the assessment of our capital adequacy for regulatory purposes.
The provisions of Basel III supersede or modify corresponding elements of the Basel I and Basel II risk-based and leverage capital requirements and the prompt corrective action provisions of FDICIA.
Estimated Basel III Tier 1 Common Ratio
As described above, the Basel III final rule adds a requirement for a minimum common equity tier 1 capital ratio, or tier 1 common ratio. The tier 1 common ratio is calculated by dividing tier 1 capital, reduced by non-common elements such as trust preferred capital securities and preferred stock, by total risk-weighted assets.
The following table presents our tier 1 common ratio as of March 31, 2014, calculated using currently applicable regulatory requirements, and our estimated tier 1 common ratios as of March 31, 2014, under both the standardized approach and the advanced approach. These estimated Basel III tier 1 common ratios are preliminary estimates, calculated in conformity with the advanced and standardized approaches in the Basel III final rule, based on our present interpretations of the Basel III final rule. As indicated above, under the Basel III final rule, the more stringent of the Basel III tier 1 common ratios calculated by us under the standardized and advanced approaches will apply in the assessment of our capital adequacy under the prompt corrective action provisions of FDICIA as of January 1, 2015.


56

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

March 31, 2014 
Currently Applicable Regulatory Requirements(1)
 
Basel III Final Rule Standardized Approach (Estimated)(2)
 
Basel III Final Rule Advanced Approach (Estimated)(2)
(Dollars in millions)   
Tier 1 capital $15,487
 $15,487
 $15,487
Less:      
   Trust preferred capital securities 475
 475
 475
   Preferred stock 1,233
 1,233
 1,233
Plus: Other 145
 145
 145
Tier 1 common capital $13,924
 $13,924
 $13,924
Total risk-weighted assets 
 $84,694
 $124,783
 $105,729
Tier 1 common ratio 16.4% 11.2% 13.2%
Minimum tier 1 common ratio requirement, assuming full implementation on January 1, 2019   4.5
 4.5
Capital conservation buffer, assuming full implementation on January 1, 2019   2.5
 2.5
Minimum tier 1 common ratio requirement, including capital conservation buffer, assuming full implementation on January 1, 2019(3)
   7.0
 7.0
(1) The tier 1 common ratio was calculated by dividing common equity tier 1 capital, calculated in conformity with the provisions of the Basel III final rule, by total risk-weighted assets, calculated in conformity with the provisions of Basel I.
(2) As of March 31, 2014, for purposes of the calculations completed in conformity with the Basel III final rule, total risk-weighted assets under both the standardized approach and the advanced approach were calculated using State Street's estimates, based on the provisions of Basel III final rule. The tier 1 common ratio was calculated by dividing tier 1 common capital, calculated in conformity with the provisions of the Basel III final rule, by total risk-weighted assets, calculated in conformity with the provisions of the Basel III final rule. These estimated Basel III tier 1 common ratios are preliminary, and are based on our present interpretations of the Basel III final rule.
Under the standardized approach, total risk-weighted assets used in the calculation of the estimated tier 1 common ratio increased by $40.09 billion as a result of applying the provisions of the Basel III final rule to Basel I total risk-weighted assets of $84.69 billion as of March 31, 2014. Under the advanced approach, total risk-weighted assets used in the calculation of the estimated tier 1 common ratio increased by $21.04 billion as a result of applying the provisions of the final rule to Basel I total risk-weighted assets of $84.69 billion as of March 31, 2014.
The primary differences between total risk-weighted assets under Basel I and total risk-weighted assets under the Basel III final rule include the following: under Basel I, credit risk is quantified using pre-determined risk weights and asset classes, and in part, uses external credit ratings, while the Basel III final rule, specifically the standardized and advanced approaches, introduces a broader range of pre-determined risk weights and asset classes, uses certain alternatives to external credit ratings, includes additional adjustments for operational risk (under the advanced approach) and counterparty credit risk, and revises the treatment of equity exposures. In particular, securitization exposures receive higher risk weights under both the standardized and advanced approaches in the Basel III final rule compared to Basel I.
(3) The minimum tier 1 common ratio requirement does not reflect the countercyclical capital buffer under the Basel III final rule, or the capital buffer for global systemically important banks prescribed by the Basel Committee (refer to “Systemically Important Banks”); such countercyclical capital buffer, which is initially set at zero, would be established by banking regulators under certain economic conditions, and U.S. banking regulators have not yet issued a proposal to implement the prescribed capital buffer for systemically important financial institutions.
The estimated Basel III tier 1 common ratio as of March 31, 2014 presented above, calculated under the advanced approach in conformity with the Basel III final rule, reflects calculations and determinations with respect to our capital and related matters as of March 31, 2014, based on State Street and external data, quantitative formulae, statistical models, historical correlations and assumptions, collectively referred to as “advanced systems,” in effect and used by State Street for those purposes as of the time we filed this Form 10-Q. Significant components of these advanced systems involve the exercise of judgment by us and our regulators, and our advanced systems may not accurately represent or calculate the scenarios, circumstances, outputs or other results for which they are designed or intended.
Due to the influence of changes in these advanced systems, whether resulting from changes in data inputs, regulation or regulatory supervision or
interpretation, State Street-specific or market activities or experiences or other updates or factors, we expect that our advanced systems and our capital ratios calculated in conformity with the Basel III final rule will change and may be volatile over time, and that those latter changes or volatility could be material as calculated and measured from period to period.
Models implemented under the Basel III final rule, particularly those implementing the advanced approach, remain subject to regulatory review and approval. The full effects of the Basel III final rule on State Street and State Street Bank are therefore subject to further evaluation and also to further regulatory guidance, action or rule-making. In general, we expect to be held to the most stringent of the various provisions in the Basel III final rule; however, we anticipate that we will be able to comply with the relevant Basel III regulatory capital and liquidity requirements when and as applied to us.


57

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Supplementary Leverage Ratio Framework
On April 8, 2014, U.S. banking regulators issued a final rule enhancing the supplementary leverage ratio, or SLR, standards for certain bank holding companies, like State Street, and their insured depository institution subsidiaries, like State Street Bank. Under the April 2014 final rule, upon implementation on January 1, 2018, State Street Bank must maintain an SLR of at least 6% to be well capitalized under the U.S. banking regulators’ prompt corrective action provisions. The April 2014 final rule also provides that if State Street maintains an SLR of at least 5%, it is not subject to limitations on distributions and discretionary bonus payments under the April 2014 final rule.
On April 8, 2014, in addition to the April 2014 final rule, U.S. banking regulators published an NPR that would revise the denominator of the SLR that the regulators initially adopted as part of the Basel III final rule in July 2013. Specifically, the NPR would revise the treatment of on- and off-balance sheet exposures used in the calculation of total leverage exposure, and more closely align the regulators’ standards with respect to the calculation of total leverage exposure with the Basel Committee standards. The proposed rule would incorporate in total leverage exposure theeffective notional principal amount of credit derivatives and other similar instruments through which a banking organization provides credit protection; modify the calculation of total leverage exposure for derivatives and repo-style transactions; and revise the credit conversion factors applied to certain off-balance sheet exposures. The NPR would also change the methodology used to calculate the supplementary leverage ratio, by requiring total leverage exposure to be calculated on a daily average basis.
Systemically Important Banks
We meet the criteria of a large bank holding company subject to enhanced supervision and prudential standards, commonly referred to as a “systemically important financial institution,” or SIFI, and we are one among a group of 29 institutions worldwide that have been identified by the Financial Stability Board, or FSB, and the Basel Committee as “global systemically important banks,” or G-SIBs. Our designation as a G-SIB will require us to maintain an additional capital buffer, ranging between 1% and 2.5%, above the Basel III minimum common equity tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%, based on a number of factors, as evaluated by banking regulators. Factors in this evaluation will include our size, interconnectedness, substitutability, complexity and cross-jurisdictional activities. In November 2013, the FSB maintained their designation of us as a category-1 organization, with a capital surcharge of

1%, although this designation and the associated additional capital buffer are subject to change. U.S. banking regulators have not yet issued a proposal to implement the G-SIB capital surcharge.
We expect these additional capital requirements for G-SIBsto be phased in beginning on January 1, 2016, with full implementation by January 1, 2019. Assuming completion of the phase-in period for the capital conservation buffer, and no countercyclical buffer, the minimum capital ratios as of January 1, 2019, including the capital conservation buffer and G-SIB capital surcharge, would be 8% for common equity tier 1 capital, 9.5% for tier 1 risk-based capital, and 11.5% for total risk-based capital, in order for State Street to make capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments without limitation. Not all of our competitors have similarly been designated as systemically important, and therefore some of our competitors may not be subject to the same additional capital requirements.
Economic Capital
We define economic capital as the capital required to protect holders of our senior debt, and obligations higher in priority, against unexpected economic losses over a one-year period. Economic capital usage is one of several measures used by management and our Board to assess the adequacy of our capital levels in relation to State Street's risk profile. Due to the evolving nature of quantification techniques, we expect to periodically refine the methodologies, assumptions, and information used to estimate our economic capital requirements, which could result in a different amount of capital needed to support our business activities.
We quantify economic capital requirements for the risks inherent in our business activities and group them into categories that we broadly define for these purposes as follows:
Market risk: the risk of adverse financial impact due to fluctuations in market prices, primarily as they relate to our trading activities;
Interest-rate risk: the risk of loss in non-trading asset-and-liability management positions, primarily the impact of adverse movements in interest rates on the repricing mismatches that exist between the assets and liabilities carried in our consolidated statement of condition;
Credit risk: the risk of loss that may result from the default or downgrade of a borrower or counterparty;


58

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Operational risk: the risk of loss from inadequate or failed internal processes and systems, human error, or from external events, which is generally consistent with the Basel III definition; and
Business risk: the risk of negative earnings resulting from adverse changes in business factors, including changes in the competitive environment, changes in the operational economics of our business activities, and the effect of strategic and reputational risks.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
On behalf of clients enrolled in our securities lending program, we lend securities to banks, broker/dealers and other institutions. In most circumstances, we indemnify our clients for the fair market value of those securities against a failure of the borrower to return such securities. Though these transactions are collateralized, the substantial volume of these activities necessitates detailed credit-based underwriting and monitoring processes. The aggregate amount of indemnified securities on loan totaled $315.63346.79 billion as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, compared to $302.34320.08 billion as of December 31, 20122013. We require the borrowersborrower to provide collateral in an amount equal to or in excess of 100% of the fair market value of the securities borrowed. State Street holdsWe hold the collateral received in connection with itsthese securities lending services as agent, and these holdings arethe collateral is not recorded in itsour consolidated statement of condition. TheWe revalue the securities on loan and the collateral are revalued daily to determine if additional collateral is necessary.necessary or if excess collateral is required to be returned to the borrower. We held, as agent, cash and securities totaling $327.57358.24 billion and $312.22331.73 billion as collateral for indemnified securities on loan as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 20122013, respectively.
The cash collateral held by us as agent is invested on behalf of our clients. In certain cases, the cash collateral is invested in third-party repurchase agreements, for which we indemnify the client against loss of the principal invested. We require the counterparty to the indemnified repurchase agreement to provide collateral in an amount equal to or in excess of 100% of the amount of the repurchase agreement. In our role as agent, the indemnified repurchase agreements and the related collateral held by us are not recorded in our consolidated statement of condition. Of the collateral of $327.57358.24 billion as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and $312.22331.73 billion as of December 31, 20122013 referenced above, $86.4694.42 billion as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and $80.2285.37 billion as of December 31, 20122013 was invested in indemnified repurchase agreements. We or our agents held $91.8899.94 billion and $85.4191.10 billion as collateral for
indemnified investments in repurchase agreements as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 20122013, respectively.
Additional information about our securities finance activities and other off-balance sheet arrangements is provided in notes 87 and 11 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
RECENT ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS
Information with respect to recent accounting developments is provided in note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.


5559


QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The information provided under “Financial Condition - Market Risk Management - Market Risk”Management” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis, included in this Form 10-Q, is incorporated by reference herein.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
State Street has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that material information related to State Street and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis required to be disclosed in its reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’sSEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to State Street’sStreet's management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. For the quarter ended September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, State Street’sStreet's management carried out an evaluation, with the participation of itsthe Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of State Street’sStreet's disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of these disclosure controls and procedures, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that State Street’sStreet's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014.
State Street has also established and maintains internal control over financial reporting as a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in conformity with GAAP. In the ordinary course of business, State Street routinely enhances its internal controls and procedures for financial reporting by either upgrading its current systems or implementing new systems. Changes have been made and may be made to State Street’sStreet's internal controls and procedures for financial reporting as a result of these efforts. During the quarter ended September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, no changeschange occurred in State Street’sStreet's internal control over financial reporting that havehas materially affected, or areis reasonably likely to materially affect, State Street’sStreet's internal control over financial reporting.



5660






STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME
(UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended March 31,
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,2014 2013
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)2013 2012 2013 2012   
Fee revenue:          
Servicing fees$1,211
 $1,100
 $3,587
 $3,264
$1,238
 $1,175
Management fees276
 251
 816
 733
292
 263
Trading services256
 232
 833
 767
239
 281
Securities finance74
 91
 283
 331
85
 78
Processing fees and other66
 45
 192
 187
70
 60
Total fee revenue1,883
 1,719
 5,711
 5,282
1,924
 1,857
Net interest revenue:          
Interest revenue643
 730
 2,030
 2,281
655
 687
Interest expense97
 111
 312
 365
100
 111
Net interest revenue546
 619
 1,718
 1,916
555
 576
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net:          
Net gains (losses) from sales of available-for-sale securities6
 24
 11
 29
15
 5
Losses from other-than-temporary impairment(8) (4) (8) (50)(1) 
Losses reclassified (from) to other comprehensive income(2) (2) (12) 23
(8) (3)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net(4) 18
 (9) 2
6
 2
Total revenue2,425
 2,356
 7,420
 7,200
2,485
 2,435
Provision for loan losses
 
 
 (1)2
 
Expenses:          
Compensation and employee benefits903
 916
 2,855
 2,922
1,157
 1,035
Information systems and communications235
 211
 707
 610
244
 237
Transaction processing services185
 170
 551
 523
191
 180
Occupancy113
 115
 343
 349
114
 116
Claims resolution
 (362) 
 (362)
Acquisition and restructuring costs30
 28
 74
 86
33
 14
Professional services98
 89
 280
 266
105
 79
Amortization of other intangible assets53
 46
 160
 145
54
 53
Other105
 202
 376
 483
130
 112
Total expenses1,722
 1,415
 5,346
 5,022
2,028
 1,826
Income before income tax expense703
 941
 2,074
 2,179
455
 609
Income tax expense163
 267
 491
 588
92
 145
Net income$540
 $674
 $1,583
 $1,591
$363
 $464
Net income available to common shareholders$531
 $654
 $1,557
 $1,551
$356
 $455
Earnings per common share:          
Basic$1.20
 $1.39
 $3.46
 $3.23
$.83
 $1.00
Diluted1.17
 1.36
 3.40
 3.19
.81
 .98
Average common shares outstanding (in thousands):          
Basic442,860
 472,355
 449,742
 479,536
430,621
 454,315
Diluted452,154
 480,010
 458,392
 485,813
438,815
 462,751
Cash dividends declared per common share$.26
 $.24
 $.78
 $.72
$.26
 $.26



The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5761


STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(UNAUDITED)
 Three Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)2013 2012
Net income$540
 $674
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of related taxes:   
Foreign currency translation, net of related taxes of $66 and $26, respectively326
 172
Change in net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities, net of reclassification adjustment and net of related taxes of $76 and $326, respectively111
 543
Change in net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities designated in fair value hedges, net of related taxes of zero and $(1), respectively1
 (1)
Other-than-temporary impairment on held-to-maturity securities related to factors other than credit, net of related taxes of $1 and $4, respectively3
 7
Change in net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges, net of related taxes of $(21) and $3, respectively(33) (5)
Change in net unrealized losses on retirement plans, net of related taxes of $6 and $(7), respectively1
 7
Other comprehensive income (loss)409
 723
Total comprehensive income$949
 $1,397
 Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)2014 2013
Net income$363
 $464
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of related taxes:   
Foreign currency translation, net of related taxes of $8 and ($64), respectively27
 (248)
Change in net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities, net of reclassification adjustment and net of related taxes of $162 and $29, respectively259
 51
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities designated in fair value hedges, net of related taxes of ($6) and $9, respectively(10) 15
Other-than-temporary impairment on held-to-maturity securities related to factors other than credit, net of related taxes of $5 and $4, respectively8
 6
Change in net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges, net of related taxes of ($5) and $41, respectively(7) 64
Change in net unrealized losses on retirement plans, net of related taxes of $3 and $2, respectively6
 3
Other comprehensive income (loss)283
 (109)
Total comprehensive income$646
 $355



 Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)2013 2012
Net income$1,583
 $1,591
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of related taxes:   
Foreign currency translation, net of related taxes of $(27) and $60, respectively23
 19
Change in net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities, net of reclassification adjustment and net of related taxes of $(402) and $471, respectively(642) 794
Change in net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities designated in fair value hedges, net of related taxes of $40 and $9, respectively61
 14
Other-than-temporary impairment on held-to-maturity securities related to factors other than credit, net of related taxes of $8 and $6, respectively14
 10
Change in net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges, net of related taxes of $38 and $4, respectively61
 (1)
Change in net unrealized losses on retirement plans, net of related taxes of $12 and $(6), respectively9
 9
Other comprehensive income (loss)(474) 845
Total comprehensive income$1,109
 $2,436

































The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5862


STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CONDITION

September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)(Unaudited)  (Unaudited)  
Assets:      
Cash and due from banks$3,896
 $2,590
$3,877
 $3,220
Interest-bearing deposits with banks38,636
 50,763
75,796
 64,257
Securities purchased under resale agreements5,827
 5,016
6,087
 6,230
Trading account assets916
 637
889
 843
Investment securities available for sale99,982
 109,682
99,162
 99,174
Investment securities held to maturity (fair value of $16,543 and $11,661)16,698
 11,379
Loans and leases (less allowance for losses of $22 and $22)15,556
 12,285
Premises and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation of $4,319 and $4,037)1,816
 1,728
Accrued income receivable2,094
 1,970
Investment securities held to maturity (fair value of $18,326 and $17,560)18,342
 17,740
Loans and leases (less allowance for losses of $30 and $28)16,084
 13,458
Premises and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation of $4,521 and $4,417)1,896
 1,860
Accrued interest and fees receivable2,197
 2,123
Goodwill6,006
 5,977
6,038
 6,036
Other intangible assets2,396
 2,539
2,306
 2,360
Other assets23,357
 18,016
23,989
 25,990
Total assets$217,180
 $222,582
$256,663
 $243,291
Liabilities:      
Deposits:      
Noninterest-bearing$45,679
 $44,445
$72,800
 $65,614
Interest-bearing—U.S.6,575
 19,201
15,327
 13,392
Interest-bearing—non-U.S.101,945
 100,535
106,521
 103,262
Total deposits154,199
 164,181
194,648
 182,268
Securities sold under repurchase agreements10,123
 8,006
8,953
 7,953
Federal funds purchased94
 399
18
 19
Other short-term borrowings3,657
 4,502
3,811
 3,780
Accrued expenses and other liabilities19,929
 17,196
18,457
 19,194
Long-term debt8,748
 7,429
9,503
 9,699
Total liabilities196,750
 201,713
235,390
 222,913
Commitments, guarantees and contingencies (note 8)
 
Commitments, guarantees and contingencies (notes 7 and 8)
 
Shareholders’ equity:      
Preferred stock, no par, 3,500,000 shares authorized:      
Series C, 5,000 shares issued and outstanding490
 489
491
 491
Series D, 7,500 shares issued and outstanding742
 
Common stock, $1 par, 750,000,000 shares authorized:      
503,885,462 and 503,900,268 shares issued504
 504
503,881,095 and 503,882,841 shares issued504
 504
Surplus9,753
 9,667
9,737
 9,776
Retained earnings12,963
 11,751
13,639
 13,395
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(114) 360
188
 (95)
Treasury stock, at cost (62,587,206 and 45,238,208 shares)(3,166) (1,902)
Treasury stock, at cost (73,440,407 and 69,754,255 shares)(4,028) (3,693)
Total shareholders’ equity20,430
 20,869
21,273
 20,378
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$217,180
 $222,582
$256,663
 $243,291





The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5963


STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDER'SSHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, shares in thousands)
PREFERRED
STOCK
 COMMON STOCK Surplus 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 TREASURY STOCK Total
PREFERRED
STOCK
 COMMON STOCK Surplus 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 TREASURY STOCK Total
Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount 
Balance as of December 31, 2011$500
 503,966
 $504
 $9,557
 $10,176
 $(659) 16,542
 $(680) $19,398
Net income        1,591
       1,591
Other comprehensive income          845
     845
Commitment to redeem preferred stock(500)               (500)
Preferred stock issued488
               488
Cash dividends declared:                

Common stock—$.72 per share        (346)       (346)
Preferred stock        (29)       (29)
Common stock acquired            22,496
 (960) (960)
Common stock awards and options exercised, including related taxes of $(8)  (48)   75
     (3,938) 185
 260
Other      2
     (9)   2
Balance at September 30, 2012$488
 503,918
 $504
 $9,634
 $11,392
 $186
 35,091
 $(1,455) $20,749
Balance as of December 31, 2012$489
 503,900
 $504
 $9,667
 $11,751
 $360
 45,238
 $(1,902) $20,869
$489
 503,900
 $504
 $9,667
 $11,751
 $360
 45,238
 $(1,902) $20,869
Net income        1,583
       1,583
        464
       464
Other comprehensive loss          (474)     (474)          (109)     (109)
Accretion of issuance costs1
       (1)       
Cash dividends declared:                                 

Common stock—$.78 per share        (350)       (350)
Common stock - $.26 per share        (118)       (118)
Preferred stock        (20)       (20)        (7)       (7)
Common stock acquired            23,235
 (1,480) (1,480)            6,548
 (360) (360)
Common stock awards and options exercised, including related taxes of $42  (15) 

 86
     (5,874) 216
 302
Common stock awards and options exercised, including related taxes of $27  (4)   2
     (3,475) 128
 130
Other            (12)   

            (7) 

 
Balance as of September 30, 2013$490
 503,885
 $504
 $9,753
 $12,963
 $(114) 62,587
 $(3,166) $20,430
Balance as of March 31, 2013$489
 503,896
 $504
 $9,669
 $12,090
 $251
 48,304
 $(2,134) $20,869
Balance as of December 31, 2013$491
 503,883
 $504
 $9,776
 $13,395
 $(95) 69,754
 $(3,693) $20,378
Net income        363
       363
Other comprehensive income          283
     283
Preferred stock issued742
               742
Cash dividends declared:                 
Common stock - $.26 per share        (112)       (112)
Preferred stock        (6)       (6)
Common stock acquired            6,075
 (420) (420)
Common stock awards and options exercised, including income tax benefit of $41  (2) 

 (39)     (2,403) 85
 46
Other      

 (1)   14
   (1)
Balance as of March 31, 2014$1,233
 503,881
 $504
 $9,737
 $13,639
 $188
 73,440
 $(4,028) $21,273













The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

6064





STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)2013 20122014 2013
Operating Activities:      
Net income$1,583
 $1,591
$363
 $464
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:   
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)77
 (44)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:   
Deferred income tax expense7
 57
Amortization of other intangible assets160
 145
54
 53
Other non-cash adjustments for depreciation, amortization and accretion324
 172
(Gains) losses related to investment securities, net9
 (2)
Other non-cash adjustments for depreciation, amortization and accretion, net99
 107
Gains related to investment securities, net(6) (2)
Change in trading account assets, net(279) 96
(46) (17)
Change in accrued income receivable, net(124) (111)
Change in accrued interest and fees receivable, net(74) (133)
Change in collateral deposits, net(2,765) (1,219)(419) (321)
Change in unrealized losses on foreign exchange derivatives, net1,304
 483
267
 72
Change in other assets, net(888) 343
34
 639
Change in accrued expenses and other liabilities, net(442) 341
1,542
 (734)
Claims resolution
 (362)
Other, net(9) (33)126
 197
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(1,050) 1,400
Net cash provided by operating activities1,947
 382
Investing Activities:      
Net decrease in interest-bearing deposits with banks12,127
 27,303
Net increase in securities purchased under resale agreements(811) (1,219)
Net (increase) decrease in interest-bearing deposits with banks(11,539) 11,539
Net decrease (increase) in securities purchased under resale agreements143
 (3,687)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities8,090
 4,209
1,816
 2,750
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities29,540
 33,047
8,733
 9,723
Purchases of available-for-sale securities(29,005) (44,355)(10,377) (8,240)
Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity securities1,474
 2,561
667
 437
Proceeds from sales of held-to-maturity securities2
 
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities(6,424) (7)(1,157) (2,570)
Net increase in loans(3,304) (4,042)(2,628) (1,702)
Purchases of equity investments and other long-term assets(100) (69)(82) (51)
Divestitures18
 
Purchases of premises and equipment(259) (254)(110) (119)
Other, net84
 105
18
 36
Net cash provided by investing activities11,430
 17,279
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(14,514) 8,116
Financing Activities:      
Net increase (decrease) in time deposits(14,750) 2,143
Net increase (decrease) in all other deposits4,768
 (13,141)
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings967
 (1,211)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs1,492
 
Net decrease in time deposits(1,084) (10,218)
Net increase in all other deposits13,464
 812
Net increase in short-term borrowings1,030
 3,555
Payments for long-term debt and obligations under capital leases(127) (1,768)(257) (7)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock
 488
742
 
Proceeds related to common stock awards and option exercises584
 438
Proceeds from exercises of common stock options9
 60
Purchases of common stock(1,480) (960)(420) (360)
Repurchases of common stock for employee tax withholding(163) (88)(140) (112)
Payments for cash dividends(365) (341)(120) (110)
Net cash used in financing activities(9,074) (14,440)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities13,224
 (6,380)
Net increase1,306
 4,239
657
 2,118
Cash and due from banks at beginning of period2,590
 2,193
3,220
 2,590
Cash and due from banks at end of period$3,896
 $6,432
$3,877
 $4,708





The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

6165


STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

TABLE OF CONTENTS




6266


STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)


Note1.    Basis of Presentation
The accounting and financial reporting policies of State Street Corporation conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, referred to as GAAP. State Street Corporation, the parent company, is a financial holding company headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in these condensed notes to consolidated financial statements to “State Street,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar references mean State Street Corporation and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Our principal banking subsidiary is State Street Bank and Trust Company, or State Street Bank.
We have two lines of business:
Investment Servicing provides services for mutual funds, collective investment funds and other investment pools, corporate and public retirement plans, insurance companies, foundations and endowments worldwide. Products include custody,custody; product- and participant-level accounting,accounting; daily pricing and administration; master trust and master custody; record-keeping; cash management; foreign exchange, brokerage and other trading services; securities finance; deposit and short-term investment facilities; loans and lease financing; investment manager and alternative investment manager operations outsourcing; and performance, risk and compliance analytics to support institutional investors.
Investment Management, through State Street Global Advisors, or SSgA, provides a broad rangearray of investment management, strategies, specialized investment managementresearch and investment advisory services and other financial services, such as securities finance, forto corporations, public funds and other sophisticated investors. ManagementSSgA offers active and passive asset management strategies offered by SSgA include passiveacross equity, fixed-income and active,cash asset classes. Products are distributed directly and through intermediaries using a variety of investment vehicles, including exchange-traded funds, or ETFs, such as enhanced indexing, using quantitative and fundamental methods for both U.S. and non-U.S. equity and fixed-income securities. SSgA also offers exchange-traded funds.the SPDR® ETF brand.
The consolidated financial statements accompanying these condensed notes are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair statement of the consolidated results of operations in these financial statements, have been made. Certain previously reported amounts presented in this Form 10-Q have been reclassified to conform to current-period presentation. Events occurring subsequent to the date of our consolidated statement of condition were evaluated for potential recognition or disclosure in our


consolidated financial statements through the date we filed this Form 10-Q with the SEC.
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions in the application of certain of our significant accounting policies that may materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, and expenses. As a result of unanticipated events or circumstances, actual results could differ from those estimates. Amounts dependent on subjective or complex judgments in the application of accounting policies considered by management to be relatively more significant in this regard are those associated with our accounting for recurring fair-value measurements; other-than-temporary impairment of investment securities; and impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets. Among other effects, unanticipated events or circumstances could result in future impairment of investment securities, goodwill or other intangible assets.
Our consolidated statement of condition atas of December 31, 20122013 included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements was derived from the audited financial statements atas of that date, but does not include all notes required by GAAP for a complete set of consolidated financial statements. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and these condensed notes should be read in conjunction with the financial and risk factors information included in our 20122013 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which we previously filed with the SEC.
Recent Accounting Developments:
In June 2013,April 2014, the FASB issued an amendment to GAAP that prescribes certain criteria for an entity to qualify as an investment company.  The amendment is not expected to significantly change which entities qualify to use specialized accounting for investment companies, but introduces new disclosure requirements that apply to all investment companies, and revises the criteria used to measure certain interests in investment companies.  We are not an investment company, but we are affiliated with investment companies in our role as an asset manager,for the treatment and we provide accounting and reporting services to investment companies in our role as an asset servicer.disclosure of discontinued operations. The amendment isallows entities to have significant continuing involvement and continuing cash flows with the discontinued operation, but requires additional disclosure for discontinued operations and disclosure for disposals deemed to be material that do not meet the definition of a discontinued operation. The presentation and disclosure requirements are effective, for State Street, for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2014.  While the amendment could affect how we measure our interests in investment companies, our adoption of the amendment is not expected2015, and are required to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.be applied prospectively to discontinued operations occurring after that date.
In July 2013,January 2014, the FASB issued an amendment to GAAP that requires a liability associated withallows an unrecognizedinvestor in an affordable housing project, if the project meets certain defined conditions, to amortize the cost of their investment in proportion to the tax benefit, or a portion of that unrecognized tax benefit, to be presented in the financial statements as a reduction of a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward. The amendment is effective, forcredits and other


6367

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

tax benefits they receive, and reflect it as part of income tax expense rather than as revenue from operations. The amendment is effective, for State Street, for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1,after December 15, 2014, with early adoption permitted, and is required tomust be applied on a prospective basis.retrospectively. At this time, we have not chosen to early-adopt the amendment. Our adoption of the amendment is not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 2.    Fair Value
Fair-Value Measurements:
We carry trading account assets, investment securities available for sale and various types of derivative financial instruments at fair value in our consolidated statement of condition on a recurring basis. Changes in the fair values of these financial assets and liabilities are recorded either as components of our consolidated statement of income or as components of accumulated other comprehensive income, or AOCI, within shareholders' equity in our consolidated statement of condition.
We measure fair value for the above-described financial assets and liabilities in accordanceconformity with GAAP that governs the measurement of the fair value of financial instruments. Management believes that its valuation techniques and underlying assumptions used to measure fair value conform to the provisions of GAAP. We categorize the financial assets and liabilities that we carry at fair value based on a prescribed three-level valuation hierarchy. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1) and the lowest priority to valuation methods using significant unobservable inputs (level 3). If the inputs used to measure a financial asset or liability cross different levels of the hierarchy, categorization is based on the lowest-level input that is most significant to the fair-value measurement. Management's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the overall fair-value measurement of a financial asset or liability requires judgment, and considers factors specific to that asset or liability. The three valuation levels are described below.
Level 1. Financial assets and liabilities with values based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market. Fair value is measured using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical securities. Our level-1 financial assets and liabilities primarily include positions in U.S. government securities and highly liquid U.S. and non-U.S. government fixed-income securities. We may carry U.S. government securities in our available-for-sale portfolio in connection with
our asset-and-liability management activities. Our level-1 financial assets also include active exchange-traded equity securities.
Level 2. Financial assets and liabilities with values based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level-2 inputs include the following:
Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;
Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in non-active markets;
Pricing models whose inputs are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and
Pricing models whose inputs are derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market information through correlation or other means for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Our level-2 financial assets and liabilities primarily include trading account assets and fixed-income investment securities available for sale, as well as various types of foreign exchange and interest-rate derivative instruments.
Fair value for our investment securities available for sale categorized in level 2 is measured primarily using information obtained from independent third parties. This third-party information is subject to review by management as part of a validation process, which includes obtaining an understanding of the underlying assumptions and the level of market participant information used to support those assumptions. In addition, management compares significant assumptions used by third parties to available market information. Such information may include known trades or, to the extent that trading activity is limited, comparisons to market research information pertaining to credit expectations, execution prices and the timing of cash flows, and where information is available, back-testing.
Derivative instruments categorized in level 2 predominantly represent foreign exchange contracts used in our trading activities, for which fair value is measured using discounted cash-flow techniques, with inputs consisting of observable spot and forward points, as well as observable interest-rate curves. With respect to derivative instruments, we evaluate the impact on valuation of the credit risk of our counterparties and our own credit risk. We consider factors such as the likelihood of default by us and our counterparties, our current and potential future net


68

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

exposures and remaining maturities in determining the fair value. Valuation adjustments associated with derivative instruments were not material to those instruments in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 or 20122013.

64

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Level 3. Financial assets and liabilities with values based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable in the market and significant to the overall measurement of fair value. These inputs reflect management's judgment about the assumptions that a market participant would use in pricing the financial asset or liability, and are based on the best available information, some of which is internally developed. The following provides a more detailed discussion of our financial assets and liabilities that we may categorize in level 3 and the related valuation methodology.
The fair value of our investment securities categorized in level 3 is measured using information obtained from third-party sources, typically non-binding broker or dealer quotes, or through the use of internally-developed pricing models. Management has evaluated its methodologies used to measure fair value, but has considered the level of observable market information to be insufficient to categorize the securities in level 2.
The fair value of foreign exchange contracts, primarily options, is measured using an option-pricing model. Because of a limited number of observable transactions, certain model inputs are not observable, such as implied volatility surface, but are derived from observable market information.
The fair value of certain interest-rate caps with long-dated maturities, is measured using a matrix-pricing approach. Observable market prices are not available for these derivatives, so extrapolation is necessary to value these instruments, since they have a strike and/or maturity outside of the matrix.
Our level-3 financial assets and liabilities are similar in structure and profile to our level-1 and level-2 financial instruments, but they trade in less-liquid markets, and the measurement of their fair value is inherently more difficult. As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, on a gross basis, we categorized in level 3 approximately 7% and 1%6% of our financial assets and liabilities, respectively, carried at fair value on a recurring basis. We generally determineAs of the same date and on the same basis, the percentage of our financial liabilities categorized in level 3 to our financial liabilities carried at fair value of our level-3 financial assets and liabilities using pricing information obtained from third-party sources, typically non-binding broker and dealer quotes, and, toon a lesser extent, using internally-developed pricing models.recurring basis was not significant. The fair value of
investment securities categorized in level 3 that was measured using non-binding quotes and internally-developed pricing-model inputs composed approximately 98% and 2%, respectively, of the total fair value of the investment securities categorized in level 3 as of both September 30, 2013March 31, 2014. and December 31, 2013.
The process used to measure the fair value of our level-3 financial assets and liabilities is overseen by a valuation group within Corporate Finance, independent ofseparate from the business units that carrymanage the assets and liabilities. This function, which develops and manages the valuation process, reports to State Street's Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee, composed of senior management from independentseparate business units, Enterprise Risk Management, a corporate risk oversight group, and Corporate Finance, oversees adherence to State Street's valuation policies.
The valuation group performs independent validation of the pricing information obtained from third-party sources in order to evaluate reasonableness and consistency with market experience in similar asset classes. Monthly analyses include a review of price changes relative to overall trends, credit analysis and other relevant procedures (discussed below). In addition, prices for level-3 securities carried in our investment portfolio are tested on a sample basis based on unexpected pricing movements. These sample prices are then corroborated through price recalculations, when applicable, using available market information, which is obtained independent ofseparately from the third-party pricing source. The recalculated prices are compared to market-research information pertaining to credit expectations, execution prices and the timing of cash flows, and where information is available, back-testing. If a difference is identified and it is determined that there is a significant impact requiring an adjustment, the adjustment is presented to the Valuation Committee for review and consideration.
Independent validationValidation is also performed on fair-value measurements determined using internally-developed pricing models. The pricing models are subject to independent validation through our Model Assessment Committee, a corporate risk oversight committee that provides technical support and input to the Valuation Committee. This validation process incorporates a review of a diverse set of model and trade parameters across a broad range of values in order to evaluate the model's suitability for valuation of a particular financial instrument type, as well as the model's accuracy in reflecting the characteristics of the related financial asset or liability and its significant risks. Inputs and assumptions, including any price-valuationprice-


69

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

valuation adjustments, are developed by the business units and independentlyseparately reviewed by the valuation group. Model valuations are compared to available market information including appropriate proxy instruments and other benchmarks to highlight abnormalities for further investigation.
Measuring fair value requires the exercise of management judgment. The level of subjectivity and the degree of management judgment required is more significant for financial instruments whose fair value is measured using inputs that are not observable. The areas requiring significant judgment are identified, documented and reported to the Valuation Committee as part of the valuation control framework. We believe that our valuation methods
are appropriate; however, the use of different methodologies or assumptions, particularly as they apply to level-3 financial assets and liabilities, could materially affect our fair-value measurements as of the reporting date.

65

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following tables present information with respect to our financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value in our consolidated statement of condition on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated. No transfers of financial assets or liabilities between levels 1 and 2 occurred during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 or the year ended December 31, 2012.2013.


70

STATE STREET CORPORATION
 Fair-Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
 as of September 30, 2013
(In millions)
Quoted Market
Prices in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Observable
Market Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Unobservable
Market Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Impact of Netting(1)
 
Total Net
Carrying Value
in Consolidated
Statement of
Condition
Assets:         
Trading account assets:         
U.S. government securities$20
       $20
Non-U.S. government securities392
       392
Other66
 $438
     504
Total trading account assets478
 438
 
   916
Investment securities available for sale:         
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:         
Direct obligations
 738
     738
Mortgage-backed securities
 23,834
 $741
   24,575
Asset-backed securities:         
Student loans
 14,503
 368
   14,871
Credit cards
 8,602
 24
   8,626
Sub-prime
 1,266
 
   1,266
Other
 551
 4,350
   4,901
Total asset-backed securities
 24,922
 4,742
 
 29,664
Non-U.S. debt securities:         
Mortgage-backed securities
 10,661
 340
   11,001
Asset-backed securities
 4,668
 799
   5,467
Government securities
 3,541
 
   3,541
Other
 4,159
 441
   4,600
Total non-U.S. debt securities
 23,029
 1,580
   24,609
State and political subdivisions
 9,254
 44
   9,298
Collateralized mortgage obligations
 4,971
 187
   5,158
Other U.S. debt securities
 5,036
 9
   5,045
U.S. equity securities
 39
 
   39
Non-U.S. equity securities
 2
 
   2
U.S. money-market mutual funds
 680
 
   680
Non-U.S. money-market mutual funds
 174
 
   174
Total investment securities available for sale
 92,679
 7,303
 
 99,982
Other assets:         
Derivative instruments:         
Foreign exchange contracts
 10,289
 77
 $(6,060) 4,306
Interest-rate contracts
 58
 
 (45) 13
Other
 1
 
 
 1
Total derivative instruments
 10,348
 77
 (6,105) 4,320
Other101
 
 
 
 101
Total assets carried at fair value$579
 $103,465
 $7,380
 $(6,105) $105,319
Liabilities:         
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:         
Derivative instruments:         
Foreign exchange contracts  $10,206
 $55
 $(4,211) $6,050
Interest-rate contracts  307
 
 (59) 248
Other  
 9
 
 9
Total derivative instruments

 10,513
 64
 (4,270) 6,307
Other$101
 
 
 
 101
Total liabilities carried at fair value$101
 $10,513
 $64
 $(4,270) $6,408
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 Fair-Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
 as of March 31, 2014
(In millions)
Quoted Market
Prices in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Observable
Market Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Unobservable
Market Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Impact of Netting(1)
 
Total Net
Carrying Value
in Consolidated
Statement of
Condition
Assets:         
Trading account assets:         
U.S. government securities$20
 $
 $
   $20
Non-U.S. government securities401
 
 
   401
Other60
 408
 
   468
Total trading account assets481
 408
 
   889
Investment securities available for sale:         
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:         
Direct obligations1,280
 683
 
   1,963
Mortgage-backed securities
 22,992
 100
   23,092
Asset-backed securities:         
Student loans
 13,947
 333
   14,280
Credit cards
 7,237
 
   7,237
Sub-prime
 1,155
 
   1,155
Other
 576
 4,304
   4,880
Total asset-backed securities
 22,915
 4,637
 
 27,552
Non-U.S. debt securities:         
Mortgage-backed securities
 11,196
 
   11,196
Asset-backed securities
 4,382
 612
   4,994
Government securities
 3,692
 
   3,692
Other
 4,522
 462
   4,984
Total non-U.S. debt securities
 23,792
 1,074
   24,866
State and political subdivisions
 10,402
 42
   10,444
Collateralized mortgage obligations
 5,060
 202
   5,262
Other U.S. debt securities
 4,938
 8
   4,946
U.S. equity securities
 36
 
   36
Non-U.S. equity securities
 1
 
   1
U.S. money-market mutual funds
 993
 
   993
Non-U.S. money-market mutual funds
 7
 
   7
Total investment securities available for sale1,280
 91,819
 6,063
 
 99,162
Other assets:         
Derivative instruments:         
Foreign exchange contracts
 8,312
 6
 $(4,850) 3,468
Interest-rate contracts
 56
 
 (56) 
Other derivative contracts
 2
 
 (1) 1
Total derivative instruments
 8,370
 6
 (4,907) 3,469
Other100
 
 
 
 100
Total assets carried at fair value$1,861
 $100,597
 $6,069
 $(4,907) $103,620
Liabilities:         
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:         
Derivative instruments:         
Foreign exchange contracts$
 $7,834
 $8
 $(3,752) $4,090
Interest-rate contracts
 269
 
 (56) 213
Other derivative contracts
 1
 9
 (1) 9
Total derivative instruments
 8,104
 17
 (3,809) 4,312
Other100
 
 
 
 100
Total liabilities carried at fair value$100
 $8,104
 $17
 $(3,809) $4,412
    
(1) Represents counterparty netting against level-2 financial assets and liabilities, where a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between State Street and the counterparty. Netting also reflects asset and liability reductions of $2.301.37 billion and $468274 million, respectively, for cash collateral received from and provided to derivative counterparties.

6671

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 
Fair-Value Measurements on a Recurring BasisFair-Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
as of December 31, 2012as of December 31, 2013
(In millions)
Quoted Market
Prices in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Observable
Market Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Unobservable
Market Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Impact of Netting(1)
 
Total Net
Carrying Value
in Consolidated
Statement of
Condition
Quoted Market
Prices in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Observable
Market Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Unobservable
Market Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Impact of Netting(1)
 
Total Net
Carrying Value
in Consolidated
Statement of
Condition
Assets:                  
Trading account assets:                  
U.S. government securities$20
       $20
$20
 $
 $
   $20
Non-U.S. government securities391
       391
399
 
 
   399
Other71
 $155
     226
67
 357
 
   424
Total trading account assets482
 155
     637
486
 357
 
   843
Investment securities available for sale:                  
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:                  
Direct obligations3
 838
     841

 709
 
   709
Mortgage-backed securities
 31,387
 $825
   32,212

 22,847
 716
   23,563
Asset-backed securities:                  
Student loans
 15,833
 588
   16,421

 14,119
 423
   14,542
Credit cards
 9,919
 67
   9,986

 8,186
 24
   8,210
Sub-prime
 1,399
 
   1,399

 1,203
 
   1,203
Other
 683
 3,994
   4,677

 532
 4,532
   5,064
Total asset-backed securities
 27,834
 4,649
   32,483

 24,040
 4,979
   29,019
Non-U.S. debt securities:                  
Mortgage-backed securities
 10,850
 555
   11,405

 10,654
 375
   11,029
Asset-backed securities
 5,694
 524
   6,218

 4,592
 798
   5,390
Government securities
 3,199
 
   3,199

 3,761
 
   3,761
Other
 4,166
 140
   4,306

 4,263
 464
   4,727
Total non-U.S. debt securities
 23,909
 1,219
   25,128

 23,270
 1,637
   24,907
State and political subdivisions
 7,503
 48
   7,551

 10,220
 43
   10,263
Collateralized mortgage obligations
 4,837
 117
   4,954

 5,107
 162
   5,269
Other U.S. debt securities
 5,289
 9
   5,298

 4,972
 8
   4,980
U.S. equity securities
 31
 
   31

 34
 
   34
Non-U.S. equity securities
 1
 
   1

 1
 
   1
U.S. money-market mutual funds
 1,062
 
   1,062

 422
 
   422
Non-U.S. money-market mutual funds
 121
 
   121

 7
 
   7
Total investment securities available for sale3
 102,812
 6,867
   109,682

 91,629
 7,545
   99,174
Other assets:                  
Derivatives instruments:                  
Foreign exchange contracts
 9,265
 113
 $(4,981) 4,397

 11,892
 19
 $(6,442) 5,469
Interest-rate contracts
 223
 
 (64) 159

 65
 
 (59) 6
Other derivative contracts
 1
 
 
 1
Total derivative instruments
 9,488
 113
 (5,045) 4,556

 11,958
 19
 (6,501) 5,476
Other66
 2
 
 
 68
97
 
 
 
 97
Total assets carried at fair value$551
 $112,457
 $6,980
 $(5,045) $114,943
$583
 $103,944
 $7,564
 $(6,501) $105,590
Liabilities:                  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:                  
Derivative instruments:                  
Foreign exchange contracts  $8,978
 $106
 $(4,052) $5,032
$
 $11,454
 $17
 $(5,458) $6,013
Interest-rate contracts  345
 
 (19) 326

 331
 
 (94) 237
Other  
 9
 
 9
Other derivative contracts
 
 9
 
 9
Total derivative instruments

 9,323
 115
 (4,071) 5,367

 11,785
 26
 (5,552) 6,259
Other$66
 
 
 
 66
97
 
 
 
 97
Total liabilities carried at fair value$66
 $9,323
 $115
 $(4,071) $5,433
$97
 $11,785
 $26
 $(5,552) $6,356
    
(1) Represents counterparty netting against level-2 financial assets and liabilities, where a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between State Street and the counterparty. Netting also reflects asset and liability reductions of $1.451.93 billion and $478979 million, respectively, for cash collateral received from and provided to derivative counterparties.

67

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following tables present activity related to our level-3 financial assets and liabilities during the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Transfers into and out of level 3 are reported as of the beginning of the period. In both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, transfers out of level 3 were substantially related to certain asset-backed securities and non-U.S. debt securities, for which fair value was measured using prices for which observable market information became available.
 Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2013
 Fair
Value as of
June 30,
2013
 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 Purchases Issuances Sales Settlements Fair Value as of
September 30, 2013
 Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30,
2013
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Assets:                     
Investment securities available for sale:                     
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies, mortgage-backed securities$864
 

 $(93) 

 $(1) 

 

 

 $(29) $741
  
Asset-backed securities:                     
Student loans380
   
   (2)       (10) 368
  
Credit cards24
   
 

 
       
 24
  
Other3,848
   
 $13
 (5) $793
   $(24) (275) 4,350
  
Total asset-backed securities4,252
   
 13
 (7) 793
   (24) (285) 4,742
  
Non-U.S. debt securities:                     
Mortgage-backed securities328
   
 
 (1) 
   
 13
 340
  
Asset-backed securities756
   (104) 1
 1
 164
   
 (19) 799
  
Other281
   
 
 (1) 149
   
 12
 441
  
Total non-U.S. debt securities1,365
 

 (104) 1
 (1) 313
   
 6
 1,580
  
State and political subdivisions45
   
 
 (1) 
     
 44
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations238
 $15
 (100) 
 (5) 50
   
 (11) 187
  
Other U.S. debt securities9
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 9
  
Total investment securities available for sale6,773
 15
 (297) 14
 (15) 1,156
   (24) (319) 7,303
  
Other assets:                     
Derivative instruments, Foreign exchange contracts121
 
 
 (21) 
 7
   
 (30) 77
 $(16)
Total assets carried at fair value$6,894
 $15
 $(297) $(7) $(15) $1,163
 
 $(24) $(349) $7,380
 $(16)

68

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2013
 Fair
Value as of
June 30,
2013
 Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
 Purchases Issuances Sales Settlements Fair Value as of
September 30, 2013
 Change in
Unrealized
(Gains)
Losses
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30,
2013
(In millions)Recorded
in
Revenue
 Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Liabilities:                     
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:                     
Derivative instruments:                     
Foreign exchange contracts$108
     $(17)     $5
   $(41) $55
 $(15)
Other9
     
     
   
 9
 
Total derivative instruments117
     (17)     5
   (41) 64
 (15)
Total liabilities carried at fair value$117
 
 
 $(17) 
 
 $5
 
 $(41) $64
 $(15)


69

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013
 Fair
Value as of
December 31,
2012
 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 Purchases Issuances Sales Settlements Fair
Value as of
September 30,
2013
 Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30,
2013
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Assets:                     
Investment securities available for sale:                     
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies, mortgage-backed securities$825
   $(92)   $(1) $92
 

   $(83) $741
  
Asset-backed securities:                     
Student loans588
   (175) $1
 6
 
   $(26) (26) 368
  
Credit cards67
   
 
 
 
   
 (43) 24
  
Other3,994
   
 40
 25
 1,358
   (33) (1,034) 4,350
  
Total asset-backed securities4,649
 
 (175) 41
 31
 1,358
 
 (59) (1,103) 4,742
  
Non-U.S. debt securities:                     
Mortgage-backed securities555
   (208) 
 (1) 
   
 (6) 340
  
Asset-backed securities524
 $139
 (181) 4
 2
 399
   
 (88) 799
  
Other140
 
 (40) 
 
 328
   
 13
 441
  
Total non-U.S. debt securities1,219
 139
 (429)
4

1

727





(81)
1,580
  
State and political subdivisions48
 
 
 
 (1) 
   
 (3) 44
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations117
 15
 (100) 1
 (5) 190
   
 (31) 187
  
Other U.S. debt securities9
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 9
  
Total investment securities available for sale6,867
 154
 (796) 46
 25
 2,367
 
 (59) (1,301) 7,303
  
Other assets:                     
Derivative instruments, Foreign exchange contracts113
 
 
 119
 
 25
   
 (180) 77
 $29
Total assets carried at fair value$6,980
 $154
 $(796) $165
 $25
 $2,392
 
 $(59) $(1,481) $7,380
 $29

70

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013
 Fair
Value as of
December 31,
2012
 Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
 Purchases Issuances Sales Settlements Fair
Value as of
September 30,
2013
 Change in
Unrealized
(Gains)
Losses
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30,
2013
(In millions)Recorded
in
Revenue
 Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Liabilities:                     
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:                     
Derivative instruments:                     
Foreign exchange contracts$106
     $59
     $24
   $(134) $55
 $15
Other9
     
     
   
 9
 
Total derivative instruments115
 
 
 59
 
 

 24
 

 (134) 64
 15
Total liabilities carried at fair value$115
 
 
 $59
 
 
 $24
 
 $(134) $64
 $15


71

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2012
 Fair
Value as of June 30,
2012
 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 Purchases Issuances Sales Settlements Fair
Value as of
September 30, 2012
 Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30,
2012
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
Assets:                     
Investment securities available for sale:                     
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:                     
Direct obligations                     
Mortgage-backed securities$933
       $3
       $(30) $906
  
Asset-backed securities:                     
Student loans484
     $1
 5
       (12) 478
  
Credit cards274
   $(36) 1
 (1)       
 238
  
Other3,094
 $12
 (11) 10
 14
 $608
     (267) 3,460
  
Total asset-backed securities3,852
 12
 (47) 12
 18
 608
   
 (279) 4,176
  
Non-U.S. debt securities:                     
Mortgage-backed securities273
 
 (147) 
 
 156
     3
 285
  
Asset-backed securities1,362
 
 (676) 1
 4
 
     (14) 677
  
Other1
 
 
 
 
 193
     
 194
  
Total non-U.S. debt securities1,636
 
 (823) 1
 4
 349
   
 (11) 1,156
  
State and political subdivisions49
 
 
 
 (1) 
   
 
 48
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations301
 
 (123) 168
 1
 
   $(45) (178) 124
  
Other U.S. debt securities
 9
 
 
 
 
   
 
 9
  
Total investment securities available for sale6,771
 21
 (993) 181
 25
 957
   (45) (498) 6,419
  
Other assets:                     
Derivative instruments, Foreign exchange contracts160
 
 
 (69) 
 75
   
 (67) 99
 $(47)
Total assets carried at fair value$6,931
 $21
 $(993) $112
 $25
 $1,032
 
 (45) $(565) $6,518
 $(47)


72

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following tables present activity related to our level-3 financial assets and liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Transfers into and out of level 3 are reported as of the beginning of the period. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013,
 Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2012
 Fair
Value as of June 30,
2012
 Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
 Purchases Issuances Sales Settlements Fair
Value as of
September 30,
2012
 Change in
Unrealized
(Gains)
Losses
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30,
2012
(In millions)Recorded
in
Revenue
 Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Liabilities:                     
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:                     
Derivative instruments:                     
Foreign exchange contracts$157
     $(58)     $76
   $(75) $100
 $(43)
Other9
     
     
   
 9
 
Total derivative instruments166
     (58)     76
   (75) 109
 (43)
Total liabilities carried at fair value$166
 
 
 $(58) 
 
 $76
 
 $(75) $109
 $(43)
transfers out of level 3 were mainly related to certain mortgage- and asset-backed securities, including non-U.S. debt securities, for which fair value was measured using prices for which observable market information became available.


 Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2014
 Fair
Value as of
December 31,
2013
 Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 Purchases Issuances Sales Settlements Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair
Value as of
March 31,
2014
 Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
March 31,
2014
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Assets:                     
Investment securities available for sale:                     
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies, mortgage-backed securities$716
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $(5) $
 $(611) $100
  
Asset-backed securities:                     
Student loans423
 1
 1
 
 
 
 (13) 
 (79) 333
  
Credit cards24
 
 
 
 
 
 (24) 
 
 
  
Other4,532
 15
 (4) 6
 
 
 (245) 
 
 4,304
  
Total asset-backed securities4,979
 16
 (3) 6
 
 
 (282) 
 (79) 4,637
  
Non-U.S. debt securities:                     
Mortgage-backed securities375
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (375) 
  
Asset-backed securities798
 2
 (1) 
 
 
 (63) 
 (124) 612
  
Other464
 
 (1) 
 
 (1) 
 
 
 462
  
Total non-U.S. debt securities1,637
 2

(2)




(1)
(63)

 (499) 1,074
  
State and political subdivisions43
 
 
 
 
 
 (1) 
 
 42
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations162
 
 
 80
 
 (6) (6) 
 (28) 202
  
Other U.S. debt securities8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8
  
Total investment securities available for sale7,545
 18
 (5) 86
 
 (7) (357) 
 (1,217) 6,063
  
Other assets:                     
Derivative instruments:                     
Derivative instruments, Foreign exchange contracts19
 (11) 
 7
 
 
 (9) 
 
 6
 $(7)
Total derivative instruments19
 (11) 
 7
 
 
 (9) 
 
 6
 (7)
Total assets carried at fair value$7,564
 $7
 $(5) $93
 $
 $(7) $(366) $
 $(1,217) $6,069
 $(7)

73

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
 Fair 
Value as of December 31,
2011
 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 Purchases Issuances Sales Settlements Fair
Value as of
September 30,
2012
 Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30,
2012
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
Assets:                     
Investment securities available for sale:                     
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:                     
Mortgage-backed securities$1,189
 $50
 $(251)   $3
 

     $(85) $906
  
Asset-backed securities:                     
Student loans860
 
 (341) $2
 (5) 

     (38) 478
  
Credit cards91
 21
 (36) 4
 (5) $224
   $(61) 
 238
  
Other2,798
 12
 (11) 31
 39
 1,177
   (12) (574) 3,460
  
Total asset-backed securities3,749
 33
 (388) 37
 29
 1,401
 
 (73) (612) 4,176
  
Non-U.S. debt securities:                     
Mortgage-backed securities1,457
 
 (1,642) 
 3
 463
   
 4
 285
  
Asset-backed securities1,768
 
 (2,243) 1
 4
 1,206
   
 (59) 677
  
Other71
 
 (372) 
 (3) 500
   
 (2) 194
  
Total non-U.S. debt securities3,296
 
 (4,257) 1
 4
 2,169
 
 
 (57) 1,156
  
State and political subdivisions50
 
 
 
 
 
     (2) 48
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations227
 44
 (314) 369
 1
 283
   (45) (441) 124
  
Other U.S. debt securities2
 9
 
 
 
 
   
 (2) 9
  
Total investment securities available for sale8,513
 136
 (5,210) 407
 37
 3,853
 
 (118) (1,199) 6,419
  
Other assets:                     
Derivative instruments:                     
Foreign exchange contracts168
 
 
 (127) 
 162
   
 (104) 99
 $(71)
Interest-rate contracts10
 
 
 (10) 
 
   
 
 
 
Total derivative instruments178
 
 
 (137) 
 162
 
 
 (104) 99
 (71)
Total assets carried at fair value$8,691
 $136
 $(5,210) $270
 $37
 $4,015
 
 $(118) $(1,303) $6,518
 $(71)
 Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2014
 Fair
Value as of
December 31,
2013
 Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
 Purchases Issuances Sales Settlements Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair
Value as of
March 31,
2014
 Change in
Unrealized
(Gains)
Losses
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
March 31,
2014
(In millions)Recorded
in
Revenue
 Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Liabilities:                     
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:                     
Derivative instruments:                     
Foreign exchange contracts$17
 $(10) $
 $
 $7
 $
 $(6) $
 $
 $8
 $(5)
Other9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9
 
Total derivative instruments26
 (10) 
 
 7
 
 (6) 
 
 17
 (5)
Total liabilities carried at fair value$26
 $(10) $
 $
 $7
 $
 $(6) $
 $
 $17
 $(5)





74

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable InputsFair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
Fair 
Value as of December 31,
2011
 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
 Purchases Issuances Sales Settlements Fair
Value as of
September 30,
2012
 Change in
Unrealized
(Gains)
Losses
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30,
2012
Fair 
Value as of December 31,
2012
 Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 Purchases Issuances Sales Settlements Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair
Value as of
March 31,
2013
 Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
March 31
2013
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
Liabilities:                     
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:                     
Assets:                     
Investment securities available for sale:                     
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:                     
Mortgage-backed securities$825
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $(27) $
 $
 $798
  
Asset-backed securities:                     
Student loans588
 
 7
 
 
 (26) (8) 
 (100) 461
  
Credit cards67
 
 
 
 
 
 (43) 
 
 24
  
Other3,994
 13
 21
 180
 
 (10) (326) 
 
 3,872
  
Total asset-backed securities4,649
 13
 28
 180
 
 (36) (377) 
 (100) 4,357
  
Non-U.S. debt securities:                     
Mortgage-backed securities555
 
 
 
 
 
 (17) 
 (207) 331
  
Asset-backed securities524
 2
 3
 51
 
 
 (33) 
 (77) 470
  
Other140
 
 
 179
 
 
 (3) 
 (40) 276
  
Total non-U.S. debt securities1,219
 2
 3
 230
 
 
 (53) 
 (324) 1,077
  
State and political subdivisions48
 
 1
 
 
 
 (2) 
 
 47
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations117
 
 
 
 
 
 (9) 
 
 108
  
Other U.S. debt securities9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9
  
Total investment securities available for sale6,867
 15
 32
 410
 
 (36) (468) 
 (424) 6,396
  
Other assets:                     
Derivative instruments:                                          
Foreign exchange contracts$161
     $(131)     $162
 

 $(92) $100
 $(70)113
 95
 
 53
 
 
 (89) 
 
 172
 $53
Interest-rate contracts11
     (11)   

 
 

 
 
 
Other9
     
   

 
 

 
 9
 
Total derivative instruments181
 

 
 (142) 
 

 162
 

 (92) 109
 (70)113
 95
 
 53
 
 
 (89) 
 
 172
 53
Other20
     
   

 
 
 (20) 
  
Total liabilities carried at fair value$201
 
 
 $(142) 
 
 $162
 
 $(112) $109
 $(70)
Total assets carried at fair value$6,980
 $110
 $32
 $463
 $
 $(36) $(557) $
 $(424) $6,568
 $53

75

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
 Fair 
Value as of December 31,
2012
 Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
 Purchases Issuances Sales Settlements 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair
Value as of
March 31,
2013
 Change in
Unrealized
(Gains)
Losses
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
March 31,
2013
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
Liabilities:                     
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:                     
Derivative instruments:                     
Foreign exchange contracts$106
 $61
 $
 $
 $50
 $
 $(64) $
 $
 $153
 $39
Other9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9
 
Total derivative instruments115
 61
 
 
 50
 
 (64) 
 
 162
 39
Total liabilities carried at fair value$115
 $61
 $
 $
 $50
 $
 $(64) $
 $
 $162
 $39

The following table presents total realized and unrealized gains and losses for the periods indicated that were recorded in revenue for our level-3 financial assets and liabilities:
 
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Recorded
in Revenue
 
Change in
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Related to
Financial
Instruments Held as of
September 30,
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Recorded
in Revenue
 
Change in
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Related to
Financial
Instruments Held as of
September 30,
Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Recorded
in Revenue
 
Change in
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Related to
Financial
Instruments Held as of March 31,
(In millions)2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 20122014 2013 2014 2013
Fee revenue:                      
Trading services$(4) $(11) $(1) $(4) $60
 $5
 $14
 $(1)$(1) $34
 $(2) $14
Total fee revenue(4) (11) (1) (4) 60
 5
 14
 (1)(1) 34
 (2) 14
Net interest revenue14
 181
 
 
 46
 407
 
 
18
 15
 
 
Total revenue$10
 $170
 $(1) (4) $106
 $412
 $14
 $(1)$17
 $49
 $(2) $14



7576

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents quantitative information, as of the dates indicated, about the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our level-3 financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which we use internally-developed pricing models. The significant unobservable inputs
for our level-3 financial assets and liabilities whose fair value is measured using pricing information from non-binding broker or dealer quotes are not included in the table, as the specific inputs applied are not provided by the broker/dealer.

 Quantitative Information about Level-3 Fair-Value Measurements Quantitative Information about Level-3 Fair-Value Measurements
 Fair Value Weighted-Average Fair Value Weighted-Average
(Dollars in millions) As of
September 30, 2013
 As of
December 31, 2012
 Valuation Technique Significant
Unobservable Input
 As of September 30, 2013  As of December 31, 2012 As of March 31, 2014 As of December 31, 2013 Valuation Technique Significant
Unobservable Input
 As of March 31, 2014 As of December 31, 2013
Significant unobservable inputs readily available to State Street:                
Assets:                        
Asset-backed securities, student loans $13
 $12
 Discounted cash flows Credit spread 4.4% 6.7% $14
 $13
 Discounted cash flows Credit spread 2.9% 3.5%
Asset-backed securities, credit cards 24
 67
 Discounted cash flows Credit spread 2.1
 7.1
 
 24
 Discounted cash flows Credit spread 
 2.0
Asset-backed securities, other 101
 103
 Discounted cash flows Credit spread 1.0
 1.5
 87
 92
 Discounted cash flows Credit spread 1.3
 1.5
State and political subdivisions 44
 48
 Discounted cash flows Credit spread 2.0
 1.9
 42
 43
 Discounted cash flows Credit spread 1.7
 1.7
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts 77
 113
 Option model Volatility 13.3
 9.8
 6
 19
 Option model Volatility 8.0
 11.4
Total $259
 $343
     $149
 $191
    
        
Liabilities:                
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts $55
 $106
 Option model Volatility 13.1
 9.8
 $8
 $17
 Option model Volatility 8.0
 11.2
Derivative instruments, other 9
 9
 Discounted cash flows Participant redemptions 7.1
 6.7
Derivative instruments, other(1)
 9
 9
 Discounted cash flows Participant redemptions 7.4
 7.5
Total $64
 $115
     $17
 $26
    
(1) Relates to stable value wrap contracts; refer to the sensitivity discussion following the tables presented below, and to note 7.
The following tables present information with respect to the composition of our level-3 financial assets and
liabilities, by availability of significant unobservable inputs, as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2013 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Readily Available to State Street(1)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Not Developed by State Street and Not Readily Available(2)
 Total Assets and Liabilities with Significant Unobservable Inputs
(In millions)      
Assets:      
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies, mortgage-backed securities $
 $741
 $741
Asset-backed securities, student loans 13
 355
 368
Asset-backed securities, credit cards 24
 
 24
Asset-backed securities, other 101
 4,249
 4,350
Non-U.S. debt securities, mortgage-backed securities 
 340
 340
Non-U.S. debt securities, asset-backed securities 
 799
 799
Non-U.S. debt securities, other 
 441
 441
State and political subdivisions 44
 
 44
Collateralized mortgage obligations 
 187
 187
Other U.S.debt securities 
 9
 9
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts 77
 
 77
Total $259
 $7,121
 $7,380
       
Liabilities:      
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts $55
 
 $55
Derivative instruments, other 9
 
 9
Total $64
 
 $64

76

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

December 31, 2012 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Readily Available to State Street(1)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Not Developed by State Street and Not Readily Available(2)
 Total Assets and Liabilities with Significant Unobservable Inputs
March 31, 2014 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Readily Available to State Street(1)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Not Developed by State Street and Not Readily Available(2)
 Total Assets and Liabilities with Significant Unobservable Inputs
(In millions)            
Assets:            
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies, mortgage-backed securities $
 $825
 $825
 $
 $100
 $100
Asset-backed securities, student loans 12
 576
 588
 14
 319
 333
Asset-backed securities, credit cards 67
 
 67
Asset-backed securities, other 103
 3,891
 3,994
 87
 4,217
 4,304
Non-U.S. debt securities, mortgage-backed securities 
 555
 555
Non-U.S. debt securities, asset-backed securities 
 524
 524
 
 612
 612
Non-U.S. debt securities, other 
 140
 140
 
 462
 462
State and political subdivisions 48
 
 48
 42
 
 42
Collateralized mortgage obligations 
 117
 117
 
 202
 202
Other U.S.debt securities 
 9
 9
 
 8
 8
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts 113
 
 113
 6
 
 6
Total $343
 $6,637
 $6,980
 $149
 $5,920
 $6,069
      
Liabilities:            
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts $106
 
 $106
 $8
 $
 $8
Derivative instruments, other 9
 
 9
 9
 
 9
Total $115
 
 $115
 $17
 $
 $17
     
(1) Information with respect to these model-priced financial assets and liabilities is provided above in the precedinga separate table.
(2) Fair value for these financial assets is measured using non-binding broker or dealer quotes.

77

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

December 31, 2013 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Readily Available to State Street(1)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Not Developed by State Street and Not Readily Available(2)
 Total Assets and Liabilities with Significant Unobservable Inputs
(In millions)      
Assets:      
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies, mortgage-backed securities $
 $716
 $716
Asset-backed securities, student loans 13
 410
 423
Asset-backed securities, credit cards 24
 
 24
Asset-backed securities, other 92
 4,440
 4,532
Non-U.S. debt securities, mortgage-backed securities 
 375
 375
Non-U.S. debt securities, asset-backed securities 
 798
 798
Non-U.S. debt securities, other 
 464
 464
State and political subdivisions 43
 
 43
Collateralized mortgage obligations 
 162
 162
Other U.S.debt securities 
 8
 8
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts 19
 
 19
Total $191
 $7,373
 $7,564
Liabilities:      
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts $17
 $
 $17
Derivative instruments, other 9
 
 9
Total $26
 $
 $26
(1) Information with respect to these model-priced financial assets and liabilities is provided above in a separate table.
(2) Fair value for these financial assets is measured using non-binding broker or dealer quotes.

Internally-developed pricing models used to measure the fair value of our level-3 financial assets and liabilities incorporate discounted cash-flowcash flow and option-modelingoption modeling techniques. Use of these techniques requires the determination of relevant inputs and assumptions, some of which represent significant unobservable inputs as indicated in the preceding table. Accordingly, changes in these unobservable inputs may have a significant impact on fair value.
Certain of these unobservable inputs will, in isolation, have a directionally consistent impact on the fair value of the instrument for a given change in that input. Alternatively, the fair value of the instrument may move in an opposite direction for a given change in another input. Where multiple inputs are used within the valuation technique of an asset or liability, a change in one input in a certain direction may be offset by an opposite change in another input, resulting in a potentially muted impact on the overall fair value of that particular instrument. Additionally, a change in one unobservable input may result in a change to another unobservable input (that is, changes in certain inputs are interrelated to one another), which may counteract or magnify the fair-value impact.
For recurring level-3 fair-value measurements for which significant unobservable inputs arewere readily available to State Street as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, the sensitivity of the fair-value measurement to changes
in significant unobservable inputs, and a description of any interrelationships between those unobservable inputs, is described below; however, we rarely experience a situation in which those unobservable inputs change in isolation:
The significant unobservable input used in the measurement of the fair value of our asset-backed securities and investmentmunicipal securities issued by state(state and political subdivisionssubdivisions) is the credit spread. Significant increases (decreases) in the credit spread would result in measurements of significantly lower (higher) fair value.value of these securities.
The significant unobservable input used in the measurement of the fair value of our foreign exchange option contracts is the implied volatility surface. A significant increase (decrease) in the implied volatility surface would result in measurements of significantly higher (lower) fair value.value of these contracts.


78

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The significant unobservable input used in the measurement of the fair value of our other derivative instruments, specifically stable value wrap contracts, is participant redemptions. Increased volatility of participant redemptions may result in changes to theour measurement of fair value. Generally, significant increases (decreases) in participant redemptions may result in measurements of significantly higher (lower) fair value of this liability.



77

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Fair Values of Financial Instruments:
Estimates of fair value for financial instruments not carried at fair value on a recurring basis in our consolidated statement of condition, as defined by GAAP, are generally subjective in nature, and are madedetermined as of a specific point in time based on the characteristics of the financial instruments and relevant market information. Disclosure of fair-value estimates is not required by GAAP for certain items, such as lease financing, equity-method investments, obligations for pension and other post-retirement plans, premises and equipment, other intangible assets and income-tax assets and liabilities. Accordingly, aggregate fair-value estimates presented do not purport to represent, and should not be considered representative of, our underlying “market” or franchise value. In addition, because of potential differences in methodologies and assumptions used to estimate fair values, our estimates of fair value should not be compared to those of other financial institutions.
We use the following methods to estimate the fair values of our financial instruments:
For financial instruments that have quoted market prices, those quoted prices are used to estimate fair value.
For financial instruments that have no defined maturity, have a remaining maturity of 180 days or less, or reprice frequently to a market rate, we assume that the fair value of these instruments approximates their reported
value, after taking into consideration any applicable credit risk.
For financial instruments for which no quoted market prices are available, fair value is estimated using information obtained from independent third parties, or by discounting the expected cash flows using an estimated current market interest rate for the financial instrument.
The generally short duration of certain of our assets and liabilities results in a significant number of financial instruments for which fair value equals or closely approximates the amount reportedrecorded in our consolidated statement of condition. These financial instruments are reported in the following captions in our consolidated statement of condition: cash and due from banks; interest-bearing deposits with banks; securities purchased under resale agreements; accrued incomeinterest and fees receivable; deposits; securities sold under repurchase agreements; federal funds purchased; and other short-term borrowings.
In addition, due to the relatively short duration of certain of our net loans (excluding leases), we consider fair value for these loans to approximate their reported value. The fair value of other types of loans, such as senior secured bank loans, purchased receivables and commercial real estate loans and purchased receivables, is estimated using information obtained from independent third parties or by discounting expected future cash flows using current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings for the same remaining maturities. Commitments to lend have no reported value because their terms are at prevailing market rates.
The following tables present the reported amounts and estimated fair values of the financial instruments defined by GAAP, excluding financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis, as they would be categorized within the fair-value hierarchy, as of the dates indicated.


7879

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

     Fair-Value Hierarchy     Fair-Value Hierarchy
September 30, 2013 Reported Amount  Estimated Fair Value Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) Pricing Methods with Significant Observable Market Inputs (Level 2)  Pricing Methods with Significant Unobservable Market Inputs (Level 3)
March 31, 2014 Reported Amount  Estimated Fair Value Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) Pricing Methods with Significant Observable Market Inputs (Level 2)  Pricing Methods with Significant Unobservable Market Inputs (Level 3)
(In millions)                    
Financial Assets:                    
Cash and due from banks $3,896
 $3,896
 $3,896
 $
 $
 $3,877
 $3,877
 $3,877
 $
 $
Interest-bearing deposits with banks 38,636
 38,636
 
 38,636
 
 75,796
 75,796
 
 75,796
 
Securities purchased under resale agreements 5,827
 5,827
 
 5,827
 
 6,087
 6,087
 
 6,087
 
Investment securities held to maturity 16,698
 16,543
 
 16,543
 
 18,342
 18,326
 
 18,326
 
Loans (excluding leases) 14,445
 14,431
 
 13,968
 463
Net loans (excluding leases) 14,994
 15,002
 
 14,530
 472
Financial Liabilities:                    
Deposits:                    
Noninterest-bearing $45,679
 $45,679
 $
 $45,679
 $
 $72,800
 $72,800
 $
 $72,800
 $
Interest-bearing - U.S. 6,575
 6,575
 
 6,575
 
 15,327
 15,327
 
 15,327
 
Interest-bearing - non-U.S. 101,945
 101,945
 
 101,945
 
 106,521
 106,521
 
 106,521
 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements 10,123
 10,123
 
 10,123
 
 8,953
 8,953
 
 8,953
 
Federal funds purchased 94
 94
 
 94
 
 18
 18
 
 18
 
Other short-term borrowings 3,657
 3,657
 
 3,657
 
 3,811
 3,811
 
 3,811
 
Long-term debt 8,748
 9,101
 
 8,125
 976
 9,503
 9,809
 
 8,927
 882
     Fair-Value Hierarchy     Fair-Value Hierarchy
December 31, 2012 Reported Amount  Estimated Fair Value Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) Pricing Methods with Significant Observable Market Inputs (Level 2)  Pricing Methods with Significant Unobservable Market Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2013 Reported Amount  Estimated Fair Value Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) Pricing Methods with Significant Observable Market Inputs (Level 2)  Pricing Methods with Significant Unobservable Market Inputs (Level 3)
(In millions)                    
Financial Assets:                    
Cash and due from banks $2,590
 $2,590
 $2,590
 $
 $
 $3,220
 $3,220
 $3,220
 $
 $
Interest-bearing deposits with banks 50,763
 50,763
 
 50,763
 
 64,257
 64,257
 
 64,257
 
Securities purchased under resale agreements 5,016
 5,016
 
 5,016
 
 6,230
 6,230
 
 6,230
 
Investment securities held to maturity 11,379
 11,661
 
 11,661
 
 17,740
 17,560
 
 17,560
 
Loans (excluding leases) 11,121
 11,166
 
 10,276
 890
Net loans (excluding leases) 12,363
 12,355
 
 11,908
 447
Financial Liabilities:                    
Deposits:                    
Noninterest-bearing $44,445
 $44,445
 $
 $44,445
 $
 $65,614
 $65,614
 $
 $65,614
 $
Interest-bearing - U.S. 19,201
 19,201
 
 19,201
 
 13,392
 13,392
 
 13,392
 
Interest-bearing - non-U.S. 100,535
 100,535
 
 100,535
 
 103,262
 103,262
 
 103,262
 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements 8,006
 8,006
 
 8,006
 
 7,953
 7,953
 
 7,953
 
Federal funds purchased 399
 399
 
 399
 
 19
 19
 
 19
 
Other short-term borrowings 4,502
 4,502
 
 4,502
 
 3,780
 3,780
 
 3,780
 
Long-term debt 7,429
 7,780
 
 6,871
 909
 9,699
 9,909
 
 9,056
 853


7980

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Note 3.    Investment Securities

The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value, and associated unrealized gains and losses, of investment securities as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
 
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
 
Fair
Value
(In millions)Gains Losses Gains Losses Gains Losses Gains Losses 
Available for sale:                              
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:                              
Direct obligations$729
 $11
 $2
 $738
 $823
 $19
 $1
 $841
$1,959
 $10
 $6
 $1,963
 $702
 $9
 $2
 $709
Mortgage-backed securities24,562
 275
 262
 24,575
 31,640
 598
 26
 32,212
23,176
 206
 290
 23,092
 23,744
 211
 392
 23,563
Asset-backed securities:                              
Student loans(1)
15,079
 94
 302
 14,871
 16,829
 100
 508
 16,421
14,355
 128
 203
 14,280
 14,718
 92
 268
 14,542
Credit cards8,649
 23
 46
 8,626
 9,928
 61
 3
 9,986
7,253
 21
 37
 7,237
 8,230
 21
 41
 8,210
Sub-prime1,371
 5
 110
 1,266
 1,557
 4
 162
 1,399
1,234
 3
 82
 1,155
 1,291
 3
 91
 1,203
Other4,772
 148
 19
 4,901
 4,583
 155
 61
 4,677
4,767
 133
 20
 4,880
 4,949
 138
 23
 5,064
Total asset-backed securities29,871
 270
 477
 29,664
 32,897
 320
 734
 32,483
27,609
 285
 342
 27,552
 29,188
 254
 423
 29,019
Non-U.S. debt securities:                              
Mortgage-backed securities10,773
 241
 13
 11,001
 11,119
 313
 27
 11,405
10,978
 225
 7
 11,196
 10,808
 230
 9
 11,029
Asset-backed securities5,445
 25
 3
 5,467
 6,180
 42
 4
 6,218
4,973
 23
 2
 4,994
 5,369
 23
 2
 5,390
Government securities3,537
 4
 
 3,541
 3,197
 2
 
 3,199
3,689
 3
 
 3,692
 3,759
 2
 
 3,761
Other4,556
 58
 14
 4,600
 4,221
 86
 1
 4,306
4,931
 62
 9
 4,984
 4,679
 59
 11
 4,727
Total non-U.S. debt securities24,311
 328
 30
 24,609
 24,717
 443
 32
 25,128
24,571
 313
 18
 24,866
 24,615
 314
 22
 24,907
State and political subdivisions9,307
 171
 180
 9,298
 7,384
 234
 67
 7,551
10,345
 216
 117
 10,444
 10,301
 160
 198
 10,263
Collateralized mortgage obligations5,152
 79
 73
 5,158
 4,818
 151
 15
 4,954
5,253
 67
 58
 5,262
 5,275
 70
 76
 5,269
Other U.S. debt securities4,925
 153
 33
 5,045
 5,072
 233
 7
 5,298
4,827
 139
 20
 4,946
 4,876
 138
 34
 4,980
U.S. equity securities34
 5
 
 39
 28
 3
 
 31
29
 7
 
 36
 28
 6
 
 34
Non-U.S. equity securities2
 
 
 2
 1
 
 
 1
1
 
 
 1
 1
 
 
 1
U.S. money-market mutual funds680
 
 
 680
 1,062
 
 
 1,062
993
 
 
 993
 422
 
 
 422
Non-U.S. money-market mutual funds174
 
 
 174
 121
 
 
 121
7
 
 
 7
 7
 
 
 7
Total$99,747
 $1,292
 $1,057
 $99,982
 $108,563
 $2,001
 $882
 $109,682
$98,770
 $1,243
 $851
 $99,162
 $99,159
 $1,162
 $1,147
 $99,174
Held to maturity:                              
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:                              
Direct obligations$5,003
 $
 $390
 $4,613
 $5,000
 $
 $8
 $4,992
$5,096
 $
 $328
 $4,768
 $5,041
 $
 $448
 $4,593
Mortgage-backed securities100
 7
 
 107
 153
 11
 
 164
81
 6
 
 87
 91
 6
 
 97
Asset-backed securities:                              
Student loans(1)
1,502
 
 11
 1,491
 
 
 
 
1,889
 5
 2
 1,892
 1,627
 
 10
 1,617
Credit cards531
 
 
 531
 
 
 
 
897
 3
 
 900
 762
 1
 
 763
Other818
 
 3
 815
 16
 
 
 16
738
 1
 1
 738
 782
 1
 2
 781
Total asset-backed securities2,851
 
 14
 2,837
 16
 
 
 16
3,524
 9
 3
 3,530
 3,171
 2
 12
 3,161
Non-U.S. debt securities:                              
Mortgage-backed securities4,109
 130
 67
 4,172
 3,122
 85
 68
 3,139
4,323
 172
 29
 4,466
 4,211
 150
 48
 4,313
Asset-backed securities1,486
 18
 2
 1,502
 434
 16
 1
 449
2,399
 19
 
 2,418
 2,202
 19
 
 2,221
Government securities16
 
 
 16
 3
 
 
 3
2
 
 
 2
 2
 
 
 2
Other190
 
 
 190
 167
 
 2
 165
192
 
 
 192
 192
 
 
 192
Total non-U.S. debt securities5,801
 148
 69
 5,880
 3,726
 101
 71
 3,756
6,916
 191
 29
 7,078
 6,607
 169
 48
 6,728
State and political subdivisions61
 1
 
 62
 74
 2
 
 76
16
 
 
 16
 24
 1
 
 25
Collateralized mortgage obligations2,882
 193
 31
 3,044
 2,410
 259
 12
 2,657
2,709
 163
 25
 2,847
 2,806
 176
 26
 2,956
Total$16,698
 $349
 $504
 $16,543
 $11,379
 $373
 $91
 $11,661
$18,342
 $369
 $385
 $18,326
 $17,740
 $354
 $534
 $17,560
    
(1) Substantially composed of securities guaranteed by the federal government with respect to at least 97% of defaulted principal and
accrued interest on the underlying loans.

8081

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Aggregate investment securities carried at $48.2847.67 billion and $46.6646.99 billion as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 20122013, respectively, were designated as pledged for public and trust deposits, short-term borrowings and for other purposes as provided by law.

The following tables present the aggregate fair values of investment securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months, and those that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer, as of the dates indicated:
 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
September 30, 2013
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(In millions)     
Available for sale:           
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:           
Direct obligations$158
 $1
 $117
 $1
 $275
 $2
Mortgage-backed securities9,721
 232
 1,933
 30
 11,654
 262
Asset-backed securities:           
Student loans2,123
 19
 7,463
 283
 9,586
 302
Credit cards3,734
 46
 
 
 3,734
 46
Sub-prime16
 1
 1,193
 109
 1,209
 110
Other896
 5
 469
 14
 1,365
 19
Total asset-backed securities6,769
 71
 9,125
 406
 15,894
 477
Non-U.S. debt securities:           
Mortgage-backed securities1,240
 3
 242
 10
 1,482
 13
Asset-backed securities708
 1
 21
 2
 729
 3
Other1,434
 14
 
 
 1,434
 14
Total non-U.S. debt securities3,382
 18
 263
 12
 3,645
 30
State and political subdivisions2,436
 118
 1,080
 62
 3,516
 180
Collateralized mortgage obligations1,665
 65
 304
 8
 1,969
 73
Other U.S. debt securities1,047
 27
 33
 6
 1,080
 33
Total$25,178
 $532
 $12,855
 $525
 $38,033
 $1,057
Held to maturity:           
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:           
Direct obligations$4,611
 $390
 $
 $
 $4,611
 $390
Asset-backed securities:           
Student loans1,234
 11
 
 
 1,234
 11
Other580
 3
 
 
 580
 3
Total asset-backed securities1,814
 14
 
 
 1,814
 14
Non-U.S. debt securities:           
Mortgage-backed securities1,155
 5
 893
 62
 2,048
 67
Asset-backed securities717
 2
 
 
 717
 2
Total non-U.S. debt securities1,872
 7
 893
 62
 2,765
 69
Collateralized mortgage obligations905
 27
 96
 4
 1,001
 31
Total$9,202
 $438
 $989
 $66
 $10,191
 $504


81

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Less than 12 months 12 months or longer TotalLess than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
December 31, 2012
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
March 31, 2014
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(In millions)
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Available for sale:            
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:                      
Direct obligations$
 $
 $132
 $1
 $132
 $1
$1,433
 $5
 $130
 $1
 $1,563
 $6
Mortgage-backed securities3,486
 18
 865
 8
 4,351
 26
9,475
 197
 3,161
 93
 12,636
 290
Asset-backed securities:                      
Student loans625
 6
 10,241
 502
 10,866
 508
606
 5
 7,271
 198
 7,877
 203
Credit cards888
 3
 
 
 888
 3
3,311
 26
 214
 11
 3,525
 37
Sub-prime
 
 1,346
 162
 1,346
 162

 
 1,106
 82
 1,106
 82
Other639
 13
 989
 48
 1,628
 61
1,997
 10
 418
 10
 2,415
 20
Total asset-backed securities2,152
 22
 12,576
 712
 14,728
 734
5,914
 41
 9,009
 301
 14,923
 342
Non-U.S. debt securities:                      
Mortgage-backed securities670
 3
 453
 24
 1,123
 27
819
 2
 326
 5
 1,145
 7
Asset-backed securities973
 1
 53
 3
 1,026
 4
280
 1
 71
 1
 351
 2
Other509
 1
 
 
 509
 1
1,652
 6
 149
 3
 1,801
 9
Total non-U.S. debt securities2,152
 5
 506
 27
 2,658
 32
2,751
 9
 546
 9
 3,297
 18
State and political subdivisions685
 9
 1,152
 58
 1,837
 67
1,850
 49
 1,311
 68
 3,161
 117
Collateralized mortgage obligations347
 1
 621
 14
 968
 15
1,444
 34
 551
 24
 1,995
 58
Other U.S. debt securities302
 1
 33
 6
 335
 7
783
 13
 60
 7
 843
 20
Total$9,124
 $56
 $15,885
 $826
 $25,009
 $882
$23,650
 $348
 $14,768
 $503
 $38,418
 $851
Held to maturity:                      
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:                      
Direct obligations$3,792
 $8
 $
 $
 $3,792
 $8
$4,751
 $328
 $
 $
 $4,751
 $328
Non-U.S. debt securities:           
Mortgage-backed securities56
 1
 956
 67
 1,012
 68
Asset-backed securities
 
 73
 1
 73
 1
Asset-backed securities:           
Student loans297
 1
 176
 1
 473
 2
Other
 
 156
 2
 156
 2
129
 1
 
 
 129
 1
Total non-U.S. debt securities56
 1
 1,185
 70
 1,241
 71
Total asset-backed securities426
 2
 176
 1
 602
 3
Non-U.S. mortgage-backed securities906
 2
 825
 27
 1,731
 29
Collateralized mortgage obligations120
 1
 153
 11
 273
 12
595
 11
 407
 14
 1,002
 25
Total$3,968
 $10
 $1,338
 $81
 $5,306
 $91
$6,678
 $343
 $1,408
 $42
 $8,086
 $385


82

STATE STREET CORPORATION
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The following table presents contractual maturities of debt investment securities as of September 30, 2013:
(In millions)
Under 1
Year
 
1 to 5
Years
 
6 to 10
Years
 
Over 10
Years
Available for sale:       
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:       
Direct obligations$
 $42
 $46
 $650
Mortgage-backed securities103
 1,847
 6,188
 16,437
Asset-backed securities:       
Student loans1,019
 6,513
 4,646
 2,693
Credit cards2,919
 3,506
 2,201
 
Sub-prime26
 28
 2
 1,210
Other341
 1,758
 1,432
 1,370
Total asset-backed securities4,305
 11,805
 8,281
 5,273
Non-U.S. debt securities:       
Mortgage-backed securities148
 6,191
 159
 4,503
Asset-backed securities253
 4,685
 378
 151
Government securities2,541
 1,000
 
 
Other1,143
 2,912
 545
 
Total non-U.S. debt securities4,085
 14,788
 1,082
 4,654
State and political subdivisions668
 3,059
 3,565
 2,006
Collateralized mortgage obligations271
 1,923
 1,157
 1,807
Other U.S. debt securities215
 4,094
 703
 33
Total$9,647
 $37,558
 $21,022
 $30,860
Held to maturity:       
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:       
Direct obligations$
 $
 $5,000
 $3
Mortgage-backed securities
 25
 19
 56
Asset-backed securities       
Student loans19
 153
 219
 1,111
Credit cards
 229
 302
 
Other
 510
 302
 6
Total asset-backed securities19
 892
 823
 1,117
Non-U.S. debt securities:       
Mortgage-backed securities
 939
 164
 3,006
Asset-backed securities80
 1,235
 171
 
Government securities16
 
 
 
Other162
 24
 
 4
Total non-U.S. debt securities258
 2,198
 335
 3,010
State and political subdivisions48
 13
 
 
Collateralized mortgage obligations102
 1,174
 502
 1,104
Total$427
 $4,302
 $6,679
 $5,290
The maturities of asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are based on expected principal payments.
 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
December 31, 2013
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(In millions)     
Available for sale:           
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:           
Direct obligations$182
 $1
 $113
 $1
 $295
 $2
Mortgage-backed securities10,562
 316
 2,389
 76
 12,951
 392
Asset-backed securities:           
Student loans1,930
 16
 7,252
 252
 9,182
 268
Credit cards3,714
 30
 161
 11
 3,875
 41
Sub-prime
 
 1,150
 91
 1,150
 91
Other1,896
 12
 439
 11
 2,335
 23
Total asset-backed securities7,540
 58
 9,002
 365
 16,542
 423
Non-U.S. debt securities:           
Mortgage-backed securities868
 2
 258
 7
 1,126
 9
Asset-backed securities551
 1
 16
 1
 567
 2
Other1,655
 9
 150
 2
 1,805
 11
Total non-U.S. debt securities3,074
 12
 424
 10
 3,498
 22
State and political subdivisions3,242
 113
 1,268
 85
 4,510
 198
Collateralized mortgage obligations1,581
 55
 510
 21
 2,091
 76
Other U.S. debt securities1,039
 25
 58
 9
 1,097
 34
Total$27,220
 $580
 $13,764
 $567
 $40,984
 $1,147
Held to maturity:           
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:           
Direct obligations$4,571
 $448
 $
 $
 $4,571
 $448
Asset-backed securities:           
Student Loans1,352
 10
 
 
 1,352
 10
Other297
 1
 29
 1
 326
 2
Total asset-backed securities1,649
 11
 29
 1
 1,678
 12
Non-U.S. mortgage-backed securities834
 3
 878
 45
 1,712
 48
Collateralized mortgage obligations759
 18
 161
 8
 920
 26
Total$7,813
 $480
 $1,068
 $54
 $8,881
 $534

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The following table presents contractual maturities of debt investment securities as of March 31, 2014:
(In millions)
Under 1
Year
 
1 to 5
Years
 
6 to 10
Years
 
Over 10
Years
Available for sale:       
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:       
Direct obligations$2
 $526
 $835
 $600
Mortgage-backed securities183
 2,387
 5,276
 15,246
Asset-backed securities:       
Student loans647
 6,608
 4,216
 2,809
Credit cards2,187
 3,057
 1,993
 
Sub-prime7
 20
 1
 1,127
Other469
 1,314
 1,381
 1,716
Total asset-backed securities3,310
 10,999
 7,591
 5,652
Non-U.S. debt securities:       
Mortgage-backed securities1,698
 5,562
 247
 3,689
Asset-backed securities355
 3,906
 599
 134
Government securities2,537
 1,155
 
 
Other1,658
 2,625
 701
 
Total non-U.S. debt securities6,248
 13,248
 1,547
 3,823
State and political subdivisions672
 3,122
 4,049
 2,601
Collateralized mortgage obligations453
 1,458
 1,059
 2,292
Other U.S. debt securities437
 3,761
 715
 33
Total$11,305
 $35,501
 $21,072
 $30,247
Held to maturity:       
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:       
Direct obligations$
 $
 $5,000
 $96
Mortgage-backed securities
 19
 16
 46
Asset-backed securities       
Student loans19
 192
 383
 1,295
Credit cards
 335
 562
 
Other23
 447
 263
 5
Total asset-backed securities42
 974
 1,208
 1,300
Non-U.S. debt securities:       
Mortgage-backed securities23
 1,191
 194
 2,915
Asset-backed securities70
 2,085
 244
 
Government securities2
 
 
 
Other166
 25
 
 1
Total non-U.S. debt securities261
 3,301
 438
 2,916
State and political subdivisions13
 3
 
 
Collateralized mortgage obligations238
 960
 496
 1,015
Total$554
 $5,257
 $7,158
 $5,373
The maturities of asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are based on expected principal payments.

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The following table presents gross realized gains and gross realized losses from sales of available-for-sale securities and the components of net impairment losses, included in net gains and losses related to investment securities, for the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)2013 2012 2013 2012
Gross realized gains from sales of available-for-sale securities$11
 $24
 $98
 $75
Gross realized losses from sales of available-for-sale securities(1)
(5) 
 (87) (46)
        
Gross losses from other-than-temporary impairment(8) (4) (8) (50)
Losses reclassified (from) to other comprehensive income(2) (2) (12) 23
Net impairment losses recognized in consolidated statement of income(10) (6) (20) (27)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net$(4) $18
 $(9) $2
        
Impairment associated with expected credit losses$(8) $(1) $(8) $(14)
Impairment associated with management's intent to sell impaired securities prior to recovery in value
 
 (6) 
Impairment associated with adverse changes in timing of expected future cash flows(2) (5) (6) (13)
Net impairment losses recognized in consolidated statement of income$(10) $(6) $(20) $(27)
 Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)2014 2013
Gross realized gains from sales of available-for-sale securities$15
 $57
Gross realized losses from sales of available-for-sale securities
 (52)
Net impairment losses:   
Gross losses from other-than-temporary impairment(1) 
Losses reclassified (from) to other comprehensive income(8) (3)
Net impairment losses(1)
(9) (3)
Gains related to investment securities, net$6
 $2
(1) Net impairment losses, recognized in our consolidated statement of income, were composed of the following:
   
Impairment associated with expected credit losses$(9) $
Impairment associated with adverse changes in timing of expected future cash flows
 (3)
Net impairment losses$(9) $(3)
(1) Amount for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2012 represented a pre-tax loss from the sale of all of our Greek investment securities, which had an aggregate carrying value of approximately $91 million.
The following table presents activity with respect to net impairment losses for the periods indicated:
Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)2013 20122014 2013
Beginning balance$124
 $113
$122
 $124
Plus losses for which other-than-temporary impairment was not previously recognized14
 2
Plus losses for which other-than-temporary impairment was previously recognized6
 25
9
 3
Less previously recognized losses related to securities sold or matured(10) (21)(1) 
Less losses related to securities intended or required to be sold(6) 
Ending balance$134
 $119
$124
 $127
Impairment:
We conduct periodic reviews of individual securities to assess whether other-than-temporary impairment exists. Impairment exists when the current fair value of an individual security is below its amortized cost basis. When the decline in the security's fair value is deemed to be other than temporary, the loss is recorded in our consolidated statement of income. In addition, for debt securities available for sale and held to maturity, impairment is recorded in our consolidated statement of income when management intends to sell (or may be
required to sell) the securities before they recover in value, or when management expects the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the securities to be less than the amortized cost of the impaired security (a credit loss).
 Our review of impaired securities generally includes:
the identification and evaluation of securities that have indications of potential other-than-temporary impairment, such as issuer-specific concerns, including deteriorating financial condition or bankruptcy;
the analysis of expected future cash flows of securities, based on quantitative and qualitative factors;
the analysis of the collectibilitycollectability of those future cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts;

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the analysis of the underlying collateral for mortgage- and asset-backed securities;
the analysis of individual impaired securities, including consideration of the length of time the security has been in an unrealized loss position, the anticipated recovery period, and the magnitude of the overall price decline;
discussion and evaluation of factors or triggers that could cause individual securities to be deemed other-than- temporarily impaired and those that would not support other-than-temporary impairment; and
documentation of the results of these analyses.
Factors considered in determining whether impairment is other than temporary include:
certain macroeconomic drivers;
certain industry-specific drivers;
the length of time the security has been impaired;
the severity of the impairment;
the cause of the impairment and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer;
activity in the market with respect to the issuer's securities, which may indicate adverse credit conditions; and
our intention not to sell, and the likelihood that we will not be required to sell, the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for its recovery in value.


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Substantially all of our investment securities portfolio is composed of debt securities. A critical component of our assessment of other-than-temporary impairment of these debt securities is the identification of credit-impaired securities for which management does not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security.
Debt securities that are not deemed to be credit-impaired are subject to additional management analysis to assess whether management intends to sell, or, more likely than not, would be required to sell, the security before the expected recovery to its amortized cost basis.
The following describes our process for the identification and assessment of other-than-temporary impairment in security types with the most significant gross unrealized losses as of September 30, 2013.impairment.
U.S. Agency Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities
Our portfolio of U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed securities receives the implicit or explicit backing of the U.S. government in conjunction with specified financial support of the U.S. Treasury. NoWe recorded no other-than-temporary impairment was recorded on these securities in the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2013March 31, 2014 or the three months ended March 31, 2013. The decline in thethree and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2012. The unrealized losses on these securities as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 were primarilycompared to December 31, 2013 was attributable to changesnarrowing spreads in interest rates in 2013.the three months ended March 31, 2014.
Asset-Backed Securities - Student Loans
Asset-backed securities collateralized by student loans are primarily composed of securities collateralized by Federal Family Education Loan Program, or FFELP, loans. FFELP loans benefit from a federal government guarantee of at least 97% of defaulted principal and accrued interest, with additional credit support provided in the form of over-collateralization, subordination and excess spread, which collectively total in excess of 100%. Accordingly, the vast majority of FFELP loan-backed securities are protected from traditional consumer credit risk.
We recorded no other-than-temporary impairment on these securities in the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2013March 31, 2014 or the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2012. March 31, 2013. The gross unrealized losses in our FFELP loan-backed securities portfolio as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 were primarily attributable to lower liquidity and the lower spreads on these securities relative to those associated with more current issuances. Our assessment of other-than-temporary impairment of these securities considers, among many other factors, the strength of the U.S.
government guarantee, the performance of the underlying collateral, and the remaining average term of the FFELP loan-backed securities portfolio, which was approximately 5.04.8 years as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014. In addition, our
Our total exposure to private student loan-backed securities was less than $900$800 million as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014. Our assessment of other-than-temporary impairment of private student loan-backed securities considers, among other factors, the impact of high unemployment rates on the collateral performance of private student loans. We recorded no other-than-temporary impairment on these securities in the three months ended March 31, 2014 or the three months ended March 31, 2013.



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Non-U.S. Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities
Non-U.S. mortgage- and asset-backed securities are primarily composed of U.K., Australian and Dutch securities collateralized by residential mortgages and German securities collateralized by autoautomobile loans and leases. Our assessment of impairment with respect to these securities considers the location of the underlying collateral, collateral enhancement and structural features, expected credit losses under base-case and stressed conditions and the macroeconomic outlook for the country in which the collateral is located, including housing prices and unemployment. Where appropriate, any potential loss after consideration of the above-referenced factors is further evaluated to determine whether any other-than-temporary impairment exists.
In the three and nine months endedSeptember 30,March 31, 2014, we recorded no other-than-temporary impairment on these securities in our consolidated statement of income. In the three months ended March 31, 2013, we recorded other-than-temporary impairment of $23 million and $6 million, respectively, on certain of our non-U.S. mortgage-backed securities, the result of adverse changes in the timing of expected future cash flows from the securities, in our consolidated statement of income. In addition, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we recorded other-than-temporary impairment of $6 million, all in the three months ended June 30, 2013, on one of these securities, associated with management's intent to sell the impaired security prior to its recovery in value.
In the three months endedSeptember 30, 2012, we recorded other-than-temporary impairment of $5 million, substantially related to non-U.S. mortgage-backed securities the result of adverse changes in the timing of expected future cash flows from the securities, in our consolidated statement of income. In the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2012, we recorded other-than-temporary impairment of $19 million, substantially related to non-U.S. mortgage-backed securities, of which $6 million was associated with expected credit losses and $13 million resultedresulting from adverse changes in the timing of expected future cash flows from certain of the securities.
Our aggregate exposure to Spain, Italy, Ireland and Portugal with respect to mortgage- and asset-backed securities totaled approximately $570647 million as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014., composed of $204 million in Spain, $243 million in Italy, $120 million in Ireland and $80 million in Portugal. We had no direct sovereign debt exposure to any of these countries as of that date, but we had indirect exposure consistingdate. As ofMarch 31, 2014, these mortgage- and asset-backed securities, composed of $269 million in Spain, $106 million in Italy, $118 million in Ireland and $77 million in Portugal. As of September 30, 2013, these securities had an aggregate pre-tax net unrealized gain of approximately $3991 million, composed of gross unrealized gains of $6396 million and gross unrealized losses of $245 million.
We recorded no other-than-temporary impairment on any of these securities in the three months endedSeptember 30, 2013. We recorded the above-described other-than-temporary impairment of $6 million on one of these securities in the nine months ended September 30, 2013, all in the three months ended June 30, 2013, associated with management's intent to sell the impaired security prior to its recovery in value. We recorded no other-than-temporary impairment in the three months endedSeptember 30, 2012. We recorded the above-mentioned other-than-temporary impairment of $6 million on certain of these securities in the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2012, all in the three months ended June 30, 2012, associated with expected credit losses.
Our assessment of other-than-temporary impairment of these securities takes into account


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government intervention in the corresponding mortgage markets and assumes a negative baseline macroeconomic environment for this region, due to a combination of slower economic growth and continued government austerity measures. Our baseline view assumes a recessionary period characterized by high unemployment and by additional housing price declines of between 10% and 18%19% across these four countries. Our evaluation of other-than-temporary impairment in our base case does not assume a disorderly sovereign-debt restructuring or a break-up of the Eurozone. In addition, stress testing and sensitivity analysis is performed in order to understand the impact of more severe assumptions on potential other-than-temporary impairment.
State and Political Subdivisions and Other U.S. Debt Securities
Our municipal securities portfolio primarily includes securities issued by U.S. states and their municipalities. A portion of this portfolio is held in connection with our tax-exempt investment program, more fully described in note 9. Our portfolio of other U.S. debt securities portfolio is primarily composed of securities issued by U.S. corporations.  The grossdecline in the unrealized losses in each portfolioon these securities as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 were primarilycompared to December 31, 2013 was attributable to fluctuationsnarrowing spreads and declines in interest rates in 2013. the three months ended March 31, 2014.
Our assessment of other-than-temporary impairment of these portfolios considers, among other factors, adverse conditions specifically related to the industry, geographic area or financial condition of the issuer; the structure of the security, including collateral, if any, and payment schedule; rating agency changes to the security's credit rating; the volatility of the fair value changes; and our intent and ability to hold the security until its recovery in value.  If the impairment of the security is credit-related, we estimate the future cash flows from the security, tailored to the security and considering the above-described factors, and any resulting other-than-temporary impairment deemed to be other than temporary is recorded in our consolidated statement of income.  We recorded no other-than-temporary impairment on these securities in the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2012or 2013.


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U.S. Non-Agency Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities
For U.S. non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities, we assess other-than-temporary impairment using cash-flow models, tailored for each security, that estimate the future cash flows from the
underlying mortgages, using the security-specific collateral and transaction structure. Estimates of future cash flows are subject to management judgment. The future cash flows and performance of our portfolio of U.S. non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities are a function of a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the condition of the U.S. economy, the condition of the U.S. residential mortgage markets, and the level of loan defaults, prepayments and loss severities. Management's estimates of future losses for each security also consider the underwriting and historical performance of each specific security, the underlying collateral type, vintage, borrower profile, third-party guarantees, current levels of subordination, geography and other factors.
NoWe recorded no other-than-temporary impairment was recorded on these securities in the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2013. We recorded other-than-temporary impairment of $1 million and $8 million on these securities, all associated with expected credit losses, in our consolidated statement of income in the March 31, 2014three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2012, respectively. or 2013.
Collateralized Mortgage ObligationsU.S. Non-Agency Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities
ForWith respect to our portfolio of U.S. non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities, other-than-temporary impairment is assessed by considering a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the condition of the U.S. economy and the condition of the U.S. commercial real estate market, as well as capitalization rates. Management estimates of future losses for each security also consider the underlying collateral type, property location, vintage, debt-service coverage ratios, expected property income, servicer advances and estimated property values, as well as current levels of subordination. We recorded $8$9 million of other-than-temporary impairment on these securities all associated with expected credit losses, in our consolidated statement of income in both the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2013. NoMarch 31, 2014, all associated with expected credit losses. We recorded no other-than-temporary impairment was recorded on these securities in the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2012March 31, 2013.
*****
The estimates, assumptions and other risk factors utilized in our assessment of impairment as described above are used by management to identify securities which are subject to further analysis of potential credit losses. Additional analyses are performed using more stressful assumptions to further evaluate the sensitivity of losses relative to the above-described factors. However, since the assumptions are based on the unique characteristics of each security, management uses a range of estimates for prepayment speeds, default, and loss severity forecasts that reflect the collateral profile of the securities within each asset class. In addition, in


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measuring expected credit losses, the individual characteristics of each security are examined to determine whether any additional factors would increase or mitigate the expected loss. Once losses are determined, the timing of the loss will also affect the ultimate other-than-temporary impairment, since the loss is ultimately subject to a discount commensurate with the purchase yield of the security.
In the aggregate, we recorded other-than-temporary impairment of $10 million and $209 million in the three and nine months endedSeptember 30,March 31, 2014, compared to $3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2013, respectively, compared to as summarized below:
$6 million and $27 million in the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2012, respectively. Of the $10 million recorded in the threeThree months ended September 30, 2013, March 31, 2014:
$89 million (U.S. non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities) was associated with expected credit losses andlosses.
Three months ended March 31, 2013:
$23 million (non-U.S. mortgage-backed securities) resulted from adverse changes in the timing of expected future cash flows from the securities. Of the $20 million recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2013, $8 million was associated with expected credit losses, $6 million resulted from management's intent to sell an impaired security prior to its recovery in value, and $6 million resulted from adverse changes in the timingcertain of expected future cash flows from the securities. Of the $6 million and $27 million recorded in the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2012, $1 million and $14 million, respectively, was associated with expected credit losses, and $5 million and $13 million, respectively, resulted from adverse changes in the timing of expected future cash flows from the securities.
After a review of the investment portfolio, taking into consideration current economic conditions, adverse situations that might affect our ability to fully collect principal and interest, the timing of future payments, the credit quality and performance of the collateral underlying mortgage- and asset-backed securities and other relevant factors, and excluding other-than-temporary impairment recorded in the ninethree months ended September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, management considers the aggregate decline in fair value of the investment securities portfolio and the resulting gross pre-tax unrealized losses of $1.24 billion as of $1.56 billionMarch 31, 2014, related to 2,6072,122 securities, as of September 30, 2013 to be temporary, and not the result of any material changes in the credit characteristics of the securities.

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Note 4.    Loans and Leases
The following table presents our recorded investment in loans and leases, by segment and class, as of the dates indicated:


(In millions)September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Institutional:      
Investment funds:      
U.S.$10,017
 $8,376
$10,000
 $8,695
Non-U.S.1,998
 829
2,310
 1,718
Commercial and financial:      
U.S.1,486
 613
1,895
 1,372
Non-U.S.509
 520
363
 154
Purchased receivables:      
U.S.231
 276
202
 217
Non-U.S.60
 118
20
 26
Lease financing:      
U.S.357
 380
337
 339
Non-U.S.754
 784
753
 756
Total institutional15,412
 11,896
15,880
 13,277
Commercial real estate:      
U.S.166
 411
234
 209
Total loans and leases15,578
 12,307
16,114
 13,486
Allowance for loan losses(22) (22)(30) (28)
Loans and leases, net of allowance for loan losses$15,556
 $12,285
$16,084
 $13,458
Aggregate short-duration advances to our clients included in the institutional segment were $4.83 billion and $2.45 billion as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
The commercial-and-financial class in the institutional segment presented in the table above included approximately $375$1.15 billion and $724 million of senior secured bank loans as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014. We had no investment in senior secured bank loans as of and December 31, 2012. These loans resulted from our participation in loan syndications in the non-investment-grade lending market in the three months ended September 30, 2013., respectively. These commercial-and-financial loans are included in the "speculative"“speculative” category in the credit-quality-indicator table below as of September 30, 2013.
These loans present more significant exposure to potential credit losses. However, we seek to mitigate such exposure, in part through the limitation of our investment to larger, more liquid credits underwritten by major global financial institutions, the application of our internal credit analysis process to each potential investment, and diversification by counterparty and industry segment.tables presented below. As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, we had noour allowance for loan losses included approximately $8 million related to these loans.
The commercial real estate, or CRE, segment is composed of the loans acquired in 2008 pursuant to indemnified repurchase agreements with an affiliate of Lehman as a result of the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy. These loans, which are primarily collateralized by direct and indirect interests in commercial real estate, were recorded at their then-current fair value, based on management’s expectations with respect to these commercial-and-financial loans.
Aggregate short-duration advances to our clients included infuture cash flows from the investment-funds and commercial-and-financial classes in the institutional segment were $4.65 billion and $3.30 billionloans using appropriate market discount rates as of September 30, 2013the date of acquisition. These cash flow estimates are updated quarterly to reflect changes in management’s expectations, which consider market conditions and December 31, 2012, respectively.other factors.


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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following tables present our recorded investment in each class of loans and leases by credit quality indicator as of the dates indicated:
Institutional Commercial Real Estate  Institutional Commercial Real Estate  
September 30, 2013
Investment
Funds
 Commercial and Financial 
Purchased
Receivables
 
Lease
Financing
 Property Development Other 
Total
Loans and
Leases
March 31, 2014
Investment
Funds
 Commercial and Financial 
Purchased
Receivables
 
Lease
Financing
 Property Development Other 
Total
Loans and
Leases
(In millions)
Investment
Funds
 Commercial and Financial 
Purchased
Receivables
 
Lease
Financing
 Property Development Other 
Total
Loans and
Leases
 
Investment grade(1)
 $12,073
 $961
 $222
 $1,037
 $
 $29
 $14,322
Speculative(2)
441
 519
 
 32
 137
 
 1,129
237
 1,281
 
 53
 205
 
 1,776
Special mention(3)

 20
 
 
 
 
 20

 16
 
 
 
 
 16
Total$12,015
 $1,995
 $291
 $1,111
 $137
 $29
 $15,578
$12,310
 $2,258
 $222
 $1,090
 $205
 $29
 $16,114

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(UNAUDITED)

Institutional Commercial Real Estate  Institutional Commercial Real Estate  
December 31, 2012
Investment
Funds
 Commercial and Financial 
Purchased
Receivables
 
Lease
Financing
 Property Development Other 
Total
Loans and
Leases
December 31, 2013
Investment
Funds
 Commercial and Financial 
Purchased
Receivables
 
Lease
Financing
 Property Development Other 
Total
Loans and
Leases
(In millions)
Investment
Funds
 Commercial and Financial 
Purchased
Receivables
 
Lease
Financing
 Property Development Other 
Total
Loans and
Leases
 
Investment grade(1)
 $10,282
 $740
 $243
 $1,068
 $
 $29
 $12,362
Speculative(2)
268
 92
 
 27
 377
 5
 769
131
 770
 
 27
 180
 
 1,108
Special mention(3)

 16
 
 
 
 
 16
Total$9,205
 $1,133
 $394
 $1,164
 $377
 $34
 $12,307
$10,413
 $1,526
 $243
 $1,095
 $180
 $29
 $13,486
    
( 1)(1) Investment gradeInvestment-grade loans and leases consist of counterparties with strong credit quality and low expected credit risk and probability of default. Ratings apply to counterparties with a strong capacity to support the timely repayment of any financial commitment.
(2) Speculative loans and leases consist of counterparties that face ongoing uncertainties or exposure to business, financial, or economic downturns. However, these counterparties may have financial flexibility or access to financial alternatives, which allow for financial commitments to be met.
(3) Special mention loans and leases consist of counterparties with potential weaknesses that, if uncorrected, may result in deterioration of repayment prospects.
Loans and leases are categorized in the rating categories presented in the preceding table above that align with our internal risk-rating framework. Management considers the ratings to be current as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014. We use an internal risk-rating system to assess our risk of credit loss for each loan or lease. This risk-rating process incorporates the use of risk-rating tools in conjunction with management judgment. Qualitative and quantitative inputs are captured in a systematic manner, and following a formal review and approval process, an internal credit rating based on our credit scale is assigned.

In assessing the risk rating assigned to each individual loan or lease, among the factors considered are the borrower's debt capacity, collateral coverage, payment history and delinquency experience, financial flexibility and earnings strength, the expected amounts and sources of repayment, the level and nature of contingencies, if any, and the industry and geography in which the borrower operates. These factors are based on an evaluation of historical and current information, and involve subjective assessment and interpretation. Credit counterparties are evaluated and risk-rated on an individual basis at least annually.

The following table presents our recorded investment in loans and leases, disaggregated based on our impairment methodology, as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
(In millions)Institutional Commercial Real Estate Total Loans and Leases Institutional Commercial Real Estate Total Loans and LeasesInstitutional Commercial Real Estate Total Loans and Leases Institutional Commercial Real Estate Total Loans and Leases
Loans and leases:                      
Individually evaluated for impairment$405
 $137
 $542
 $11
 $411
 $422
$
 $130
 $130
 $26
 $180
 $206
Collectively evaluated for impairment(1)
15,007
 29
 15,036
 11,885
 
 11,885
15,880
 104
 15,984
 13,251
 29
 13,280
Total$15,412
 $166
 $15,578
 $11,896
 $411
 $12,307
$15,880
 $234
 $16,114
 $13,277
 $209
 $13,486
    
(1) As of both September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, all of the entire $22 million allowance for loan losses wasof $30 millionand $28 million, respectively, related to institutional loans collectively evaluated for impairment.

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STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following tables present information related to our recorded investment in impaired loans and leases as of the dates, or for the periods, indicated:
September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
(In millions)Recorded Investment 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Related Allowance(1)
 Recorded Investment 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Related Allowance(1)
Recorded Investment 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Related Allowance(1)
 Recorded Investment 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Related Allowance(1)
With no related allowance recorded:                      
CRE—property development$130
 $143
 $
 $197
 $224
 $
$130
 $143
 $
 $130
 $143
 $
CRE—property development—acquired credit-impaired
 34
 
 
 34
 

 34
 
 
 34
 
CRE—other—acquired credit-impaired
 21
 
 
 64
 

 21
 
 
 21
 
Total CRE$130
 $198
 $
 $197
 $322
 $
$130
 $198
 $
 $130
 $198
 $
    
(1) As of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, all of the allowance for loan losses of $30 millionand$28 million, respectively, related to loans that were not impaired.
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 Average Recorded Investment Interest Revenue Recognized
 2014 2013 2014 2013
(In millions)       
With no related allowance recorded:       
CRE—property development$130
 $195
 $2
 $4
Total CRE$130
 $195
 $2
 $4
As of both September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012, we maintained an allowance for loan losses of $22 million associated with loans and leases that were not impaired.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 Average Recorded Investment Interest Revenue Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Revenue Recognized
(In millions)2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012
With no related allowance recorded:               
CRE—property development$130
 $199
 $2
 $4
 $160
 $199
 $17
 $12
CRE—other—acquired credit-impaired
 5
 
 
 
 17
 
 
With an allowance recorded:               
CRE—other—acquired credit-impaired
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total CRE$130
 $204
 $2
 $4
 $160
 $216
 $17
 $12
As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we held an aggregate of approximately $130
million and $197 million, respectively, of commercial real estate, or CRE loans, presented in the preceding impaired loans and leases table, which were modified in troubled debt restructurings. No impairment loss was recognized uponas a result of restructuring of the loans, as the discounted cash flows of the modified loans exceeded the carrying amount of the original loans as of the modification date. DuringNo loans were modified in troubled debt restructurings in the ninethree months ended September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 andor the year ended December 31, 20122013, no loans were modified in troubled debt restructurings..
The following table presents activity in the allowance for loan losses for the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended September 30,
 2013 2012
(In millions)Institutional Commercial
Real Estate
 Total Loans and Leases Institutional Commercial
Real Estate
 Total Loans
and Leases
Allowance for loan losses:           
Beginning balance$22
 $
 $22
 $22
 $
 $22
Provisions
 
 
 
 
 
Recoveries
 
 
 
 
 
Ending balance$22
 $
 $22
 $22
 $
 $22

Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2013 20122014 2013
(In millions)Institutional Commercial
Real Estate
 Total Loans and Leases Institutional Commercial
Real Estate
 Total Loans
and Leases
Institutional Commercial
Real Estate
 Total Loans and Leases Institutional Commercial
Real Estate
 Total Loans and Leases
Allowance for loan losses:                      
Beginning balance$22
 $
 $22
 $22
 $
 $22
$28
 $
 $28
 $22
 $
 $22
Provisions
 
 
 
 (1) (1)2
 
 2
 
 
 
Recoveries
 
 
 
 1
 1
Ending balance$22
 $
 $22
 $22
 $
 $22
$30
 $
 $30
 $22
 $
 $22

The provision recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2014 was associated with our exposure to senior secured bank loans. These loans are held in connection with our participation in loan syndications in the non-investment-grade lending market.









Loans and leases are reviewed on a regular basis, and any provisions for loan losses that are recorded reflect management's estimate of the amount necessary to maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level considered appropriate to absorb estimated incurred losses in the loan-and-lease portfolio.


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(UNAUDITED)

Note 5.    Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the periods indicated:
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2013 2012
(In millions)
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Total 
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Total
Beginning balance$5,941
 $36
 $5,977
 $5,610
 $35
 $5,645
Divestitures(7) 
 (7) 
 
 
Foreign currency translation, net35
 1
 36
 5
 
 5
Ending balance$5,969
 $37
 $6,006
 $5,615
 $35
 $5,650

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 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2014 2013
(In millions)
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Total 
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Total
Goodwill:           
Beginning balance$5,999
 $37
 $6,036
 $5,941
 $36
 $5,977
Foreign currency translation, net2
 
 2
 (64) (1) (65)
Ending balance$6,001
 $37
 $6,038
 $5,877
 $35
 $5,912
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents changes in the net carrying amount of other intangible assets during the periods indicated:
Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2013 20122014 2013
(In millions)
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Total 
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Total
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Total 
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Total
Other intangible assets:           
Beginning balance$2,492
 $47
 $2,539
 $2,408
 $51
 $2,459
$2,321
 $39
 $2,360
 $2,492
 $47
 $2,539
Divestitures(5) 
 (5) 
 
 
Amortization(153) (7) (160) (143) (2) (145)(52) (2) (54) (51) (2) (53)
Foreign currency translation, net22
 
 22
 (3) 
 (3)
 
 
 (32) (2) (34)
Ending balance$2,356
 $40
 $2,396
 $2,262
 $49
 $2,311
$2,269
 $37
 $2,306
 $2,409
 $43
 $2,452
The following table presents the gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization and net carrying amount of other intangible assets by type as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
(In millions)
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
Client relationships$2,669
 $(917) $1,752
 $2,653
 $(755) $1,898
$2,702
 $(1,011) $1,691
 $2,706
 $(975) $1,731
Core deposits712
 (180) 532
 706
 (192) 514
717
 (200) 517
 717
 (191) 526
Other248
 (136) 112
 244
 (117) 127
230
 (132) 98
 234
 (131) 103
Total$3,629
 $(1,233) $2,396
 $3,603
 $(1,064) $2,539
$3,649
 $(1,343) $2,306
 $3,657
 $(1,297) $2,360

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Note 6.    Other Assets and Other Liabilities
Other Assets:
The following table presents the components of other assets as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Collateral deposits, net$12,106
 $7,649
$13,518
 $13,706
Unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments, net4,320
 4,556
3,469
 5,476
Bank-owned life insurance2,027
 2,000
2,359
 2,343
Investments in joint ventures and other unconsolidated entities1,466
 1,405
1,712
 1,644
Accounts receivable1,109
 511
687
 950
Prepaid expenses359
 286
Income taxes receivable339
 337
Receivable for securities settlement358
 33
334
 195
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance302
 353
249
 263
Prepaid expenses299
 267
Income taxes receivable261
 252
Receivable for securities sold191
 
Deposits with clearing organizations179
 174
183
 177
Receivable for securities sold92
 1
Other(1)
838
 815
589
 613
Total$23,357
 $18,016
$23,989
 $25,990
  
(1) 
Included other real estate owned of approximately $5860 million and $6559 million, as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 included $6.39 billion and $4.99 billion, respectively, of collateral received from clients in connection with our participation in principal securities finance transactions.


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(UNAUDITED)

Note 7.    Long-Term Debt
In May 2013, we issued an aggregate of $1.50 billion of long-term debt, composed of $500 million of 1.35% senior notes due May 15, 2018Commitments and $1.0 billion of 3.1% subordinated notes due May 15, 2023. Interest on the 1.35% senior notes and the 3.1% subordinated notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning on November 15, 2013. The 3.1% subordinated notes qualify for inclusion in tier 2 regulatory capital under federal regulatory capital guidelines.

Note 8.    Commitments, Guarantees and Contingencies
Commitments:
We had unfunded off-balance sheet commitments to extend credit totaling $19.9821.77 billion and $17.8621.30 billion as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 20122013, respectively. The potential losses associated with these commitments equal the gross contractual amounts, and do not consider the value of any collateral. Approximately 75%77% of our unfunded commitments to extend credit expire within one year from the date of issue. Since many of these commitments are expected to expire or renew without being drawn upon, the gross contractual amounts do not necessarily represent our future cash requirements.
Guarantees:
Off-balance sheet guarantees are composed of indemnified securities financing, stable value protection, unfunded commitments to purchase assets, and standby letters of credit. The potential losses associated with these guarantees equal the gross contractual amounts, and do not consider the value of any collateral. The following table presents the aggregate gross contractual amounts of our off-balance sheet guarantees as of the dates indicated. Amounts presented do not reflect participations to independent third parties. 
(In millions)September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Indemnified securities financing$315,632
 $302,341
$346,789
 $320,078
Stable value protection27,913
 33,512
24,484
 24,906
Asset purchase agreements4,646
 5,063
4,304
 4,685
Standby letters of credit4,601
 4,552
4,870
 4,612
Indemnified Securities Financing
On behalf of our clients, we lend their securities, as agent, to brokers and other institutions. In most circumstances, we indemnify our clients for the fair market value of those securities against a failure of the borrower to return such securities. We require the borrowers to maintain collateral in an amount equal to or in excess of 100% of the fair market value of the securities borrowed. Securities on loan and the collateral are revalued daily to determine if additional collateral is necessary.necessary or if excess collateral is required to be returned to the borrower. Collateral received in connection with our securities lending services is held by us as agent and is not recorded in our consolidated statement of condition.
The cash collateral held by us as agent is invested on behalf of our clients. In certain cases, the cash collateral is invested in third-party repurchase agreements, for which we indemnify the client against loss of the principal invested. We require the counterparty to the indemnified repurchase agreement to provide collateral in an amount equal to or in excess of 100% of the amount of the repurchase agreement. In our role as agent, the indemnified repurchase agreements and the related collateral held by us are not recorded in our consolidated statement of condition.


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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following table summarizes the fair values of indemnified securities financing and related collateral, as well as collateral invested in indemnified repurchase agreements, as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Aggregate fair value of indemnified securities financing$315,632
 $302,341
$346,789
 $320,078
Aggregate fair value of cash and securities held by us, as agent, as collateral for indemnified securities financing327,567
 312,223
358,240
 331,732
Aggregate fair value of collateral for indemnified securities financing invested in indemnified repurchase agreements86,461
 80,224
94,423
 85,374
Aggregate fair value of cash and securities held by us or our agents as collateral for investments in indemnified repurchase agreements91,884
 85,411
99,935
 91,097
In certain cases, we participate in securities finance transactions as a principal. As a principal, we borrow securities from the lending client and then lend such securities to the subsequent borrower, either a State Street client or a broker/dealer. Collateral provided and received in connection with such transactions is recorded in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition. As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 20122013, we had approximately $9.7611.32 billion and $6.8311.29 billion, respectively, of collateral provided and approximately $6.396.29 billion and $4.996.62 billion, respectively, of collateral received from clients in connection with our participation in principal securities finance transactions.
Stable Value Protection
In the normal course of our business, we offer products that provide book-value protection, primarily to plan participants in stable value funds managed by non-affiliated investment managers of post-retirement defined contribution benefit plans, particularly 401(k) plans. The book-value protection is provided on portfolios of intermediate investment grade fixed-income securities, and is intended to provide safety and stable growth of principal invested. The protection is intended to cover any shortfall in the event that a significant number of plan participants withdraw funds when book value exceeds market value and the liquidation of the assets is not sufficient to redeem the participants. The investment parameters of the underlying portfolios, combined with structural protections, are designed to provide cushion and guard against payments even under extreme stress scenarios.
These contingencies are individually accounted for as derivative financial instruments. The notional amounts of these contingenciesthe stable value contracts are presented as “derivatives not designated as hedging instruments” in the table of aggregate notional amounts of derivative financial instruments provided in note 11. As of September 30, 2013, weWe have not made a payment under these contingencies that we consider material to our consolidated financial condition, and management believes that the probability of payment under these contingencies in the future, that we would consider material to our consolidated financial condition, is remote.
Contingencies:Note 8.    Contingencies
Legal Proceedingsand Regulatory Matters:
In the ordinary course of business, we and our subsidiaries are involved in disputes, litigation, and governmental or regulatory inquiries and investigations, both pending and threatened. These matters, if resolved adversely against us or settled, may result in monetary damages, fines and penalties or require changes in our business practices. The resolution or settlement of these matters is inherently difficult to predict. Based on our assessment of these pending matters, we do not believe that the amount of any judgment, settlement or other action arising from any pending matter is likely to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition.  However, an adverse outcome in certain of the matters described below could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations for the period in which such matter is resolved, or a reservean accrual is determined to be required on our consolidated financial condition, or on our reputation.
We evaluate our needs for accruals of loss contingencies related to legal proceedings on a case-by-case basis. When we have a liability that we deem probable and that we deem can be reasonably estimated as of the date of our consolidated financial statements, we accrue for our estimate of the loss.


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(UNAUDITED)

We may also consider a loss probable and establish a reserve ifan accrual when we determine that the costmake or intend to make an offer of litigation can be avoided through a settlement. Once established, a reservean accrual is subject to subsequent adjustment as a result of additional information. The resolution of proceedings and a range ofthe reasonably estimable loss (or range thereof) are inherently difficult to predict, especially in the early stages of proceedings. Even if a loss is probable, due to many complex factors, such as speed of discovery and the timing of court decisions or rulings, a loss or range of loss might not be reasonably estimated until the later stages of the proceeding.
As of March 31, 2014, our aggregate accruals for legal loss contingencies and regulatory matters totaled approximately $111 million. To the extent that we have established reservesaccruals in our consolidated statement of condition for probable loss contingencies,

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(UNAUDITED)

such reservesaccruals may not be sufficient to cover our ultimate financial exposure associated with any settlements or judgments. We may be subject to proceedings in the future that, if adversely resolved, would have a material adverse effect on our businesses or on our future consolidated financial statements. Except where otherwise noted below, we have not established reservesaccruals with respect to the claims discussed and do not believe that potential exposure is either probable orand can be reasonably estimated.
The following discussion provides information with respect to significant legal and regulatory matters.
SSgA
We are currently defendinghave previously reported on two related ERISA class actions by investors in unregistered SSgA-managed collective trust funds and common trust funds which challenge the division of our securities lending-related revenue between those funds and State Street in its role as lending agent. The first action alleges, among other things, that State Street breached its fiduciary dutyIn January 2014, we filed a motion to investors in those funds. The plaintiff contends that other State Street agency lending clients received more favorable fee splits than didapprove a $10 million class settlement of the SSgA lending funds. In August 2012, the Court certified a class consisting of ERISA plans that invested in SSgA collective trust funds between April 2004 and the present.fund litigation. A final fairness hearing has been scheduled for May 2014. The plaintiff alleges that class members paid between $145 million and $237 million in excess fees during the class period. The second action, filed in January 2013, challenges the division of our securities lending-related revenue between common trust funds and State Streetfund class action was dismissed in its role as lending agent. It alleges, among other things, that State Street breached its fiduciary duty under ERISA and state common law to investors in those funds. We have established a reserve of $15 million in connection with these matters.March 2014.
Securities Finance
Two related participants in our agency securities lending program have brought suit against us challenging actions taken by us in response to their withdrawal from the program. We believe that certain withdrawals by these participants were inconsistent with the redemption policy applicable to the agency lending collateral pools and, consequently, redeemed their remaining interests through an in-kind distribution that reflected the assets these participants would have received had they acted in accordance
with the collateral pools' redemption policy. In taking these actions, we believe that we acted in the best interests of all participants in the collateral pools. The two participants have asserted damages of $120 million, an amount that plaintiffs have stated wasattribute to alleged deficiencies in the difference between the amortized cost and market value of the assetsmethodology that State Street proposedused to distribute toconstruct the plans in-kind distribution and alleged errors in the pricing of the securities that plaintiffs received on or about August 2009. While management does not believe that such difference is an appropriate measure of damages, as of September 30, 2010, the last date on which State Street acted as custodian for the participants, the difference between the amortized cost and market value of the in-kind distribution was approximately $49 million. Wewe have been informed that the participants liquidated these securities in June 2013, and thatwe estimate the realized loss on those sales wasto be approximately $11.3 million.$11 million. We have established a reserve ofhad $10 million accrued as of March 31, 2014 in connection with this matter.
Foreign Exchange
We offer our custody clients and their investment managers the option to route foreign exchange transactions to our foreign exchange desk through our asset servicing operation. We record as revenue an amount approximately equal to the difference between the rates we set for those trades and indicative interbank market rates at the time of settlement of the trade. As discussed more fully below, claims have been asserted on behalf of certain current and former custody clients, and future claims may be asserted, alleging that our indirect foreign exchange rates (including the differences between those rates and indicative interbank market rates at the time we executed the trades) were not adequately disclosed or were otherwise improper, and seeking to recover, among other things, the full amount of the revenue we obtained from our indirect foreign exchange trading with them.
In October 2009, the Attorney General of the State of California commenced an action under the California False Claims Act and California Business and Professional Code related to services State Street provides to California state pension plans. The California Attorney General asserts that the pricing of certain foreign exchange transactions for these pension plans was governed by the custody contracts for these plans and that our pricing was not consistent with the terms of those contracts and related disclosures to the plans, and that, as a result, State Street made false claims and engaged in unfair competition. The Attorney General asserts actual damages of approximately $100 million for periods from 2001 to 2009 and seeks additional penalties, including treble damages. This action is in the discovery phase.
In October 2010, we entered into a $12 million settlement with the State of Washington. This settlement resolves a contract dispute related to the manner in which we priced some foreign exchange transactions during our ten-year relationship with the State of Washington. Our contractual obligations and related disclosures to the State of Washington were significantly different from those presented in our ongoing litigation in California.
We provide custody and principal foreign exchange services to government pension plans in


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other jurisdictions. Since the commencement of the litigation in California, attorneys general and other governmentalgovernment authorities from a number of jurisdictions, as well as U.S. Attorney's offices, the U.S. Department of Labor and the SEC, have requested information or

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issued subpoenas in connection with inquiries into the pricing of our foreign exchange services. We continue to respond to such inquiries and subpoenas.
We offer indirect foreign exchange services such as those we offer to the California state pension plans to a broad range of custody clients in the U.S. and internationally. We have responded and are responding to information requests from a number of clients concerning our indirect foreign exchange rates. In February 2011, a putative class action was filed in federal court in Boston seeking unspecified damages, including treble damages, on behalf of all custodial clients that executed certain foreign exchange transactions with State Street from 1998 to 2009. The putative class action alleges, among other things, that the rates at which State Street executed foreign currency trades constituted an unfair and deceptive practice under Massachusetts law and a breach of the duty of loyalty.
Two other putative class actions are currently pending in federal court in Boston alleging various violations of ERISA on behalf of all ERISA plans custodied with us that executed indirect foreign exchange transactions with State Street from 1998 onward. The complaints allege that State Street caused class members to pay unfair and unreasonable rates for indirect foreign exchange transactions with State Street. The complaints seek unspecified damages, disgorgement of profits, and other equitable relief.
We have not established a reservean accrual with respect to any of the pending legal proceedings related to our indirect foreign exchange services. We cannot provide any assurance as to the outcome of the pending proceedings, or whether other proceedings might be commenced against us by clients or government authorities. We expect that plaintiffs will seek to recover their share of all or a portion of the revenue that we have recorded from providing indirect foreign exchange services.
OurThe following table summarizes our estimated total revenue worldwide from suchindirect foreign exchange trading services was approximately $223 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, approximately $248 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, approximately $331 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, approximately $336 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, approximately $369 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 and approximately $462 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. Although we did not calculate revenue for such services prior to 2006 in the same manner, and have refined our calculation method over time, weperiods indicated:
(In millions) Revenue from indirect foreign exchange trading
2008 $462
2009 369
2010 336
2011 331
2012 248
2013 285
Three Months Ended March 31, 2014 63
We believe that the amount of our revenue forfrom such services has been of a similar or lesser order of magnitude for many years.years prior to 2008. Our revenue calculations related to indirect foreign exchange trading services reflect a judgment concerning the relationship between the rates we charge for indirect foreign exchange execution and indicative interbank market rates near in time to execution. Our revenue from foreign exchange trading generally depends on the difference between the rates we set for indirect trades and indicative interbank market rates on the date trades settle.
We cannot predict the outcome of any pending matters or whether a court, in the event of an adverse resolution, would consider our revenue to be the appropriate measure of damages.
Shareholder Litigation
Three shareholder-related complaints are currently pending in federal court in Boston. One complaint purports to be a class action on behalf of State Street shareholders. The two other complaints purport to be class actions on behalf of participants and beneficiaries in the State Street Salary Savings Program who invested in the program's State Street common stock investment option. The complaints variously allege various violations of the federal securities laws, common law and ERISA in connection with our foreign exchange trading business,public disclosures concerning our investment securities portfolio, and our asset-backed commercial paper conduit program.program, and our foreign exchange trading business. A fourth complaint, a purported shareholder derivative action on behalf of State Street, was dismissed in September 2013. We have not established a reserveAs of March 31, 2014, we had an accrual, net of anticipated insurance recovery, of $13 million in connection with respect to these matters.this matter.
Transition Management
In 2011,January 2014, we identifiedentered into a limited numbersettlement with the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority pursuant to which we paid a fine of instances in which£22.9 million (approximately $37.8 million), as a result of our having charged six clients of our U.K. transition management businesses had been intentionally chargedbusiness during 2010 and 2011 amounts in excess of the


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contractual terms. We conducted an investigation of such business with the assistance of external counsel and accounting firms; we notified and have reimbursed the limited number of clients which we identified as having been intentionally overcharged. We also reported this matter to the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, or FCA, and are cooperating with themThe SEC and the SEC in connectionU.S. Attorney are conducting separate investigations into this matter. As of March 31, 2014, we had remaining accruals of approximately $3 million for indemnification costs associated with this matter. We have established reserves in an aggregate amount of $13.4 million for indemnification costs and the potential for a financial penalty in connection with a resolution of this matter with the FCA.
Investment Servicing
State Street is named as a defendant in a series of related complaints by investment management clients of TAG Virgin Islands, Inc., or TAG, who hold or held custodial accounts with State Street. The complaints, collectively, allege various claims in connection with certain assets managed by TAG and custodied with State Street. We established a reserve of $9 million in the three months ended June 30,TAG. In 2013, in connection with these matters. During the three months ended September 30, 2013, we entered into settlements with certain of the plaintiffs andTAG account holders. We had a remaining reserve of $6.54.6 million accrued as of September 30, 2013.March 31, 2014 with respect to claims that have not been settled.

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Income TaxesTaxes:
In determining our provision for income taxes, we make certain judgments and interpretations with respect to tax laws in jurisdictions in which we have business operations. Because of the complex nature of these laws, in the normal course of our business, we are subject to challenges from U.S. and non-U.S. income tax authorities regarding the amount of income taxes due. These challenges may result in adjustments to the timing or amount of taxable income or deductions or the allocation of taxable income among tax jurisdictions. We recognize a tax benefit when it is more likely than not that our position will result in a tax deduction or credit. Unrecognized tax benefits totaled approximately $116$163 million and $95$164 million as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, respectively.
The Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, is currently reviewing our U.S. income tax returns for the tax years 2010 and 2011. Management believes that we have sufficiently accrued liabilities as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 for tax exposures, including, but not limited to, exposures related to the review by the IRS of the tax years 2010 and 2011.

Note 9.    Variable Interest Entities
Asset-Backed Investment Securities:
We invest in various forms of asset-backed securities, which we carry in our investment securities portfolio. These asset-backed securities meet the GAAP definition of asset securitization entities, which are considered to be variable interest entities, or VIEs, as defined by GAAP. We are not considered to be the primary beneficiary of these VIEs, as defined by GAAP, since we do not have control over their activities. Additional information about our asset-backed securities is provided in note 3.
Tax-Exempt Investment Program:
In the normal course of our business, we structure and sell certificated interests in pools of tax-exempt investment-grade assets, principally to our mutual fund clients. We structure these pools as partnership trusts, and the assets and liabilities of the trusts are recorded in our consolidated statement of condition as investment securities available for sale and other short-term borrowings. We may also provide liquidity and re-marketing services to the trusts. As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 20122013, we carried investment securities available for sale, composed of securities related to state and political subdivisions, with a fair value of $2.382.33 billion and $2.68 billion, respectively,as of each date, and other short-term borrowings of $1.981.93 billion and $2.151.95 billion, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition in connection with these trusts.
We transfer assets to the trusts from our investment securities portfolio at adjusted book value, and the trusts finance the acquisition of these assets by selling certificated interests issued by the trusts to third-party investors and to State Street as residual holder. These transfers do not meet the de-recognition criteria defined by GAAP, and therefore, are recorded in our consolidated financial statements. The trusts had a weighted-average life of approximately 6.76.3 years as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, compared to approximately 6.96.5 years as of December 31, 20122013.
Under separate legal agreements, we provide standby bond-purchase agreements to these trusts and, with respect to certain securities, letters of credit. Our commitments to the trusts under these standby bond-purchase agreements and letters of credit totaled $2.021.96 billion and $691684 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, none of which was utilized at period-end.as of that date. In the event that our obligations under these agreements are triggered, no material impact to our consolidated results of operations or financial condition is expected to occur, because the securities are already recorded at fair value in our consolidated statement of condition.
Interests in Sponsored Investment Funds:
In the normal course of business, we manage various types of sponsored investment funds through SSgA. The services we provide to these sponsored investment funds generate management fee revenue. From time to time, we may invest cash in the funds, which we refer to as seed capital, in order for the funds to establish a performance history for newly-launched strategies. These funds may be considered VIEs.


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As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, we have not beenwere an investor in a sponsored investment fund, considered to be a VIE, which was initially launched on December 31, 2013. Given the extent of our exposure to the variability of the net assets of the fund, we were deemed to be the fund’s primary beneficiary, of these funds, and as a result have notwe include the fund in our consolidated financial statements. The fund's activities consist primarily of active trading in various equity, fixed-income, currency, commodity and futures markets. Such activities are included the funds in our consolidated financial statements.
As of March 31, 2014, the aggregate assets and liabilities of this consolidated sponsored investment fund totaled $60 million and $10 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2013, the fund’s assets consisted solely of $50 million in cash.
As of March 31, 2014 our potential maximum total exposure associated with the consolidated sponsored investment fund totaled $50 million and represented the value of our economic ownership interest in the fund. In the aggregate, we expect any financial losses that we realize over time from these seed investments to be limited to the actual fair value of the amount invested in the consolidated fund, which is based on the fair value of the underlying investment securities held by the funds. However, in the event of a fund wind-down, gross gains and losses of the fund may be recognized for financial accounting purposes in different periods during the time the fund is consolidated but not wholly owned. Although we expect the actual economic loss to be limited to the amount invested, our losses in any period could exceed the value of our economic interests in the fund and could exceed the value of our initial seed capital investment.
Our conclusion to consolidate a sponsored investment fund may vary from period to period, most commonly as a result of fluctuation in our ownership interest as a result of changes in the number of fund shares held by either us or by third parties. Given that the funds follow specialized investment company accounting rules which prescribe fair value, a de-consolidation generally would not result in gains or losses for us.
The net assets of any consolidated fund are solely available to settle the liabilities of the fund and to settle any investors’ ownership redemption requests, including any seed capital invested in the fund by State Street. We are not contractually required to provide financial or any other support to any of our sponsored investment funds. In addition, neither creditors nor equity investors in the sponsored investment funds have any recourse to State Street’s general credit.
As of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, we managed certain sponsored investment funds, considered VIEs, in which we held a variable interest but for which we were not deemed to be the primary beneficiary. Our potential maximum loss exposure associated with our investments inrelated to these unconsolidated funds totaled $18$24 million and $28$18 million as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, respectively, and represented the carrying value of our seed capital investment, which is recorded in either investment securities available for sale or other assets in our consolidated statement of condition. The amount of loss we may recognize induring any period is limited to the carrying amount of our seed capital investment in the unconsolidated fund.
Note 10.    Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred Stock:
In February 2014, we issued 30 million depositary shares, each representing a 1/4,000th ownership interest in a share of State Street’s fixed-to-floating-rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series D, without par value, with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share), in a public offering. The aggregate proceeds from the offering, net of underwriting discounts, commissions and other issuance costs, were approximately $742 million.
On March 15, 2024, or any dividend payment date thereafter, the Series D preferred stock and corresponding depositary shares may be redeemed by us, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $100,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share) plus any declared and unpaid dividends, without accumulation of any undeclared dividends. The Series D preferred stock and corresponding depositary shares may be redeemed at our option in whole, but not in part, prior to March 15, 2024, upon the occurrence of a regulatory capital treatment event, as defined in the certificate of designation with respect to the Series D preferred stock, at a redemption price equal to $100,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share) plus any declared and unpaid dividends, without accumulation of any undeclared dividends.
In the three months ended March 31, 2014, we declared aggregate dividends on our non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series C (represented by depositary shares, each representing a 1/4,000th ownership interest in a share of State Street's non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series C) of $1,313 per share, or approximately $0.33 per depositary share, totaling approximately $6 million.


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NoteDividends on shares of both our Series C and Series D preferred stock are not mandatory and are not cumulative. If declared, dividends will be payable on the liquidation preference of 10$100,000.    Shareholders’ Equity per share quarterly in arrears on March 15, June 15, September 15 or December 15 of each year at an annual rate of 5.25% and 5.90%, respectively. If we issue additional shares of our Series C or Series D preferred stock after the original issue date, dividend rights with respect to such shares will commence from the original issue date of such additional shares. Dividends on our Series C and Series D preferred stock will not be declared to the extent that such declaration would cause us to fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations, including federal regulatory capital guidelines.
On September 15, 2017, or any dividend payment date thereafter, the Series C preferred stock and corresponding depositary shares may be redeemed by us, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $100,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share) plus any declared and unpaid dividends, without accumulation of any undeclared dividends. The Series C preferred stock and corresponding depositary shares may be redeemed at our option, in whole or in part, prior to September 15, 2017, upon the occurrence of a regulatory capital treatment event, as defined in the certificate of designation with respect to the Series C preferred stock, at a redemption price equal to $100,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary
share) plus any declared and unpaid dividends, without accumulation of any undeclared dividends.
Common Stock:
In March 2013,2014, our Board of Directors approved a new common stock purchase program authorizing the purchase by us of up to $2.101.70 billion of our common stock through March 31, 2014. In the three months ended September 30, 2013, under this program, we purchased approximately 8.2 million shares of our common stock at an average cost of $68.57 per share and an aggregate cost of approximately $560 million. 2015. No shares were purchased by us under this program in the three months ended March 31, 2013. From April 1, 2013 through September 30, 2013, we purchased approximately 16.7 million shares of our common stock under this program at an average per-share and aggregate cost of $67.12 and $1.12 billion, respectively. As of September 30, 2013, approximately $980 million remained available for purchases of our common stock under the March 2013 program.2014.
In the three months ended March 31, 2013,2014, we purchased approximately 6.56.1 million shares of our common stock at an average cost of $54.95$69.14 per share and an aggregate cost of approximately $360$420 million,, under a previous Board-approved program which ended on approved by the Board in March 2013. As of March 31, 2013.
In the nine months ended September 30, 20132014, no shares remained available for purchase under both programs, we purchased in the aggregate approximately 23.2 million shares of our common stock at an average per-share cost of $63.69 and an aggregate cost of approximately $1.48 billion.March 2013 program. Shares acquired in connection with our common stock purchase programs which remained unissued as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 were recorded as treasury stock in our consolidated statement of condition as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014.
In both the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2014 and 2013,, we declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $0.26 per share, totaling approximately $115 million. In the three months endedSeptember 30, 2012, we declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $0.24 per share, or approximately $113 million. In the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we declared aggregate common stock dividends of $0.78$0.26 per share, totaling approximately $112 million and $118 million, respectively.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
The following table presents the after-tax components of AOCI as of the dates indicated:

(In millions)March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Net unrealized gains on cash flow hedges$154
 $161
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities portfolio194
 (56)
Net unrealized losses related to reclassified available-for-sale securities(61) (72)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities133
 (128)
Net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities designated in fair value hedges(107) (97)
Other-than-temporary impairment on available-for-sale securities related to factors other than credit2
 4
Net unrealized losses on hedges of net investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries(14) (14)
Other-than-temporary impairment on held-to-maturity securities related to factors other than credit(39) (47)
Net unrealized losses on retirement plans(197) (203)
Foreign currency translation256
 229
Total$188
 $(95)
In the three months ended March 31, 2014, we realized net gains of $35015 million, compared to aggregate common stock dividendsor $9 million net of related taxes as presented in the tables that follow, from sales of available-for-sale securities. Unrealized pre-tax gains of $0.725 million per share, totaling approximatelywere included in AOCI as of December 31, 2013, net of deferred taxes of $3463 million, declared inrelated to these sales. In the
ninethree months ended September 30, 2012.
Preferred Stock:
In the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2013, we declared a quarterly dividend on our non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series C,realized net gains of $5 million, or $1,312.50 per share, or approximately $0.33 per depositary share (represented by depositary shares, each representing a 1/4,000th ownership interest in a share of State Street’s non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series C), totaling approximately $7 million. In the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we declared aggregate dividends on our non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series C, of $3,937.50 per share, or approximately $0.98 per depositary share, totaling approximately $20 million. In both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, dividends declared on our perpetual preferred stock, Series C, totaled approximately $8 million. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, we declared dividends on our non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series A, totaling approximately $73 million and $21 million, respectively. We redeemed our perpetual preferred stock, Series A,net of related taxes as presented in the three months endedtables that follow, from sales of available-for-sale securities. Unrealized pre-tax losses of $49 million were included in AOCI as of December 31, 2012,. net of deferred taxes of $20 million, related to these sales.


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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
The following table presents the after-tax components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), or AOCI, as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012
Net unrealized gains on cash flow hedges$130
 $69
Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities portfolio138
 815
Net unrealized losses related to reclassified available-for-sale securities(81) (110)
Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities57
 705
Net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities designated in fair value hedges(122) (183)
Other-than-temporary impairment on available-for-sale securities related to factors other than credit3
 (3)
Net unrealized losses on hedges of net investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries(14) (14)
Other-than-temporary impairment on held-to-maturity securities related to factors other than credit(51) (65)
Net unrealized losses on retirement plans(274) (283)
Foreign currency translation157
 134
Total$(114) $360
The following tabletables presents changes in AOCI by component, net of related taxes, infor the nine months ended September 30:periods indicated:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013Three Months Ended March 31, 2014
(In millions)Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities Net Unrealized Losses on Hedges of Net Investments in Non-U.S. Subsidiaries Other-Than-Temporary Impairment on Held-to-Maturity Securities Net Unrealized Losses on Retirement Plans Foreign Currency Translation TotalNet Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities Net Unrealized Losses on Hedges of Net Investments in Non-U.S. Subsidiaries Other-Than-Temporary Impairment on Held-to-Maturity Securities Net Unrealized Losses on Retirement Plans Foreign Currency Translation Total
Beginning balance$69
 $519
 $(14) $(65) $(283) $134
 $360
$161
 $(221) $(14) $(47) $(203) $229
 $(95)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications59
 (578) 
 11
 (6) 22
 (492)(8) 258
 
 8
 1
 27
 286
Amounts reclassified out of AOCI2
 (3) 
 3
 15
 1
 18
1
 (9) 
 
 5
 
 (3)
Other comprehensive income (loss)61
 (581) 
 14
 9
 23
 (474)(7) 249
 
 8
 6
 27
 283
Ending balance$130
 $(62) $(14) $(51) $(274) $157
 $(114)$154
 $28
 $(14) $(39) $(197) $256
 $188

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 Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
(In millions)Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities Net Unrealized Losses on Hedges of Net Investments in Non-U.S. Subsidiaries Other-Than-Temporary Impairment on Held-to-Maturity Securities Net Unrealized Losses on Retirement Plans Foreign Currency Translation Total
Beginning balance$69
 $519
 $(14) $(65) $(283) $134
 $360
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications63
 69
 
 4
 (2) (248) (114)
Amounts reclassified out of AOCI1
 (3) 
 2
 5
 
 5
Other comprehensive income (loss)64
 66
 
 6
 3
 (248) (109)
Ending balance$133
 $585
 $(14) $(59) $(280) $(114) $251
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents after-tax reclassifications out of AOCI infor the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2013:periods indicated:
 Amount Reclassified out of AOCI Affected Line Item in Consolidated Statement of Income
(In millions)Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013  
Cash flow hedges:     
Interest-rate contracts, net of related taxes of $1$
 $2
 Net interest revenue
Available-for-sale securities:     
Net realized gains from sales of available-for-sale securities, net of related taxes of ($2) and ($4), respectively(4) (7) Net gains (losses) from sales of available-for-sale securities
Other-than-temporary impairment on available-for-sale securities related to factors other than credit, net of related taxes of $2
 4
 Losses reclassified (from) to other comprehensive income
Held-to-maturity securities:     
Other-than-temporary impairment on held-to-maturity securities related to factors other than credit, net of related taxes of $1 and $3, respectively1
 3
 Losses reclassified (from) to other comprehensive income
Retirement plans:     
Amortization of actuarial losses, net of related taxes of $3 and $9, respectively5
 15
 Compensation and employee benefits expense
Foreign currency translation:     
Sale of foreign entities, net of related taxes of $1
 1
 Processing fees and other revenue
Total reclassifications out of AOCI$2
 $18
  
 Three Months Ended March 31,  
 2014 2013  
(In millions)Amounts Reclassified out of AOCI Affected Line Item in Consolidated Statement of Income
Cash flow hedges:     
Interest-rate contracts$1
 $1
 Net interest revenue
Available-for-sale securities:     
Net realized gains from sales of available-for-sale securities, net of related taxes of ($6) and ($2), respectively(9) (3) Net gains (losses) from sales of available-for-sale securities
Held-to-maturity securities:     
Other-than-temporary impairment on held-to-maturity securities related to factors other than credit, net of related tax benefit of $1
 2
 Losses reclassified (from) to other comprehensive income
Retirement plans:     
Amortization of actuarial losses, net of related tax benefits of $3 and $3, respectively5
 5
 Compensation and employee benefits expenses
Total reclassifications out of AOCI$(3) $5
  
In the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we realized net gains of $11 million, or $7 million net of related taxes as presented in the table above, from sales of available-for-sale securities. Unrealized pre-tax gains of $25 million were included in AOCI as of December 31, 2012, net of deferred taxes of $10 million, related to these sales. In the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2012, we realized net gains of $29 million from sales of available-for-sale securities. Unrealized pre-tax gains of $22 million were included in AOCI as of December 31, 2011, net of deferred taxes of $9 million, related to these sales.

Note 11.    Derivative Financial Instruments
We use derivative financial instruments to support our clients' needs and to manage our interest-rate and currency risk. In undertaking these activities, we assume positions in both the foreign exchange and interest-rate markets by buying and

selling cash instruments and using derivative financial instruments, including foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign exchange and interest-rate options and interest-rate swaps, interest-rate forward contracts and interest-rate futures. Our derivative


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(UNAUDITED)

positions include derivative contracts held by a consolidated sponsored investment fund (refer to note 9).
Interest-rate contracts involve an agreement with a counterparty to exchange cash flows based on the movement of an underlying interest-rate index. An interest-rate swap agreement involves the exchange of a series of interest payments, at either a fixed or variable rate, based on the notional amount without the exchange of the underlying principal amount. An interest-rate option contract provides the purchaser, for a premium, the right, but not the obligation, to receive an interest rate based upon a predetermined notional amount during a specified period. An interest-rate futures contract is a commitment to buy or sell, at a future date, a financial instrument at a contracted price; it may be settled in cash or through the delivery of the contracted instrument.
Foreign exchange contracts involve an agreement to exchange one currency for another currency at an agreed-upon rate and settlement date. Foreign exchange contracts generally consist of foreign exchange forward and spot contracts, option contracts and cross-currency swaps. Future cash requirements, if any, related to foreign exchange contracts are represented by the gross amount of currencies to be exchanged under each contract unless we and the counterparty have agreed to pay or to receive the net contractual settlement amount on the settlement date.

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STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Derivative financial instruments involve the management of interest-rate and foreign currency risk, and involve, to varying degrees, market risk and credit and counterparty risk (risk related to repayment). Market risk is defined by U.S. banking regulators as the risk of loss that could result from broad market movements, such as changes in the general level of interest rates, credit spreads, foreign exchange rates or commodity prices. We use a variety of risk management tools and methodologies to measure, monitor and manage the market risk associated with our trading activities.activities, which trading activities include our use of derivative financial instruments. One such risk-management measure is Value-at-Risk, or VaR. VaR is an estimate of potential loss for a given period within a stated statistical confidence interval. We use a risk-measurement system to measure VaR daily. We have adopted standards for measuring VaR, and we maintain regulatory capital for market risk in accordance with currently applicable bank regulatory market risk capital guidelines.requirements.
Derivative financial instruments are also subject to credit and counterparty risk, which is defined as the risk of financial loss if a borrower or counterparty is either unable or unwilling to repay borrowings or settle a transaction in accordance with the underlying contractual terms. We manage credit and counterparty risk by performing credit reviews, maintaining individual counterparty limits, entering into netting arrangements and requiring the receipt of collateral. Collateral requirements are determined after a review of the creditworthiness of each counterparty, and thethese requirements are monitored and adjusted daily. Collateral is generally held in the form of cash or highly liquid U.S. government securities. We may be required to provide collateral to the counterparty in connection with our entry into derivative financial instruments. Cash collateral received from and provided to counterparties in connection with derivative financial instruments is recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities and other assets, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition. As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 20122013, we had recorded approximately $2.871.74 billion and $1.682.58 billion, respectively, of cash collateral received from counterparties and approximately $2.802.46 billion and $1.303.36 billion, respectively, of cash collateral provided to counterparties in connection with derivative financial instruments in our consolidated statement of condition.
We enter into master netting agreements with many of our derivative counterparties, and we have elected to net derivative assets and liabilities, including cash collateral received or deposited, which are subject to those agreements. Certain of these agreements contain credit risk-related contingent features in which the counterparty has the optionright to declare State Street in default and accelerate cash settlement of our net derivative liabilities with the counterparty in the event that our credit rating falls below specified levels. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit risk-related contingent features that were in a net liability position as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 totaled approximately $421422 million, against which we had provided no underlying collateral, due to timing differences with respect to the mark-to-market valuation of the collateral. If State Street’s credit rating were downgraded below levels specified in the agreements, the maximum additional amount of payments related to termination events that could have been required pursuant to these contingent features as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 was approximately $421 million.$422 million. Such accelerated settlement would not affect our consolidated results of operations.


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STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
In connection with our trading activities, we use derivative financial instruments in our role as a financial intermediary and as both a manager and servicer of financial assets, in order to accommodate our clients' investment and risk management needs. In addition, we use derivative financial instruments for risk management purposes as economic hedges, which are not formally designated as accounting hedges, in order to contribute to our overall corporate earnings and liquidity. These activities are designed to generate trading services revenue and to manage volatility in our net interest revenue. The level of market risk that we assume is a function of our overall objectives and liquidity needs, our clients' requirements and market volatility.
With respect to cross-border investing, our clients often enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to convert currency for international investments and to manage the currency risk in their international investment portfolios. As an active participant in the foreign exchange markets, we provide foreign exchange forward contracts and options in support of these client needs, and also act as a dealer in the currency markets. As part of our trading activities, we assume positions in both the foreign exchange and interest-rate markets by buying and selling cash instruments and using derivative financial instruments, including foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign exchange and interest-rate options and interest-rate swaps, interest-rate forward contracts, and interest-rate futures. In the aggregate, we seek to match positions closely with the objective of minimizing related currency and interest-rate risk.
We offer products that provide book-value protection primarily to plan participants in stable value funds managed by non-affiliated investment managers of post-retirement defined contribution benefit plans, particularly 401(k) plans. We account for the associated contingencies, more fully described in note 8,7, individually as derivative financial instruments. These contracts are valued quarterly and unrealized losses, if any, are recorded in other expenses in our consolidated statement of income.

100

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
In connection with our asset-and-liability management activities, we use derivative financial instruments to manage our interest-rate risk. Interest-rate risk, defined as the sensitivity of income or financial condition to variations in interest rates, is a significant non-trading market risk to which our assets and liabilities are exposed. These hedging relationships are formally designated, and qualify for hedge accounting, as fair value or cash flow hedges. We manage our interest-rate risk by identifying, quantifying and hedging our exposures, using fixed-rate portfolio securities and a variety of derivative financial instruments, most frequently interest-rate swaps and options (for example, interest-rate caps and floors). Interest-rate swap agreements alter the interest-rate characteristics of specific balance sheet assets or liabilities. When appropriate, forward-rate agreements, options on swaps, and exchange-traded futures and options are also used. Our hedging relationships are formally designated, and qualify for hedge accounting, as fair value or cash flow hedges.
 Fair value hedges
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges are utilized to mitigate the risk of changes in the fair valuevalues of recognized assets and liabilities. Differences between the gains and losses on fair value hedges and the gains and losses on the asset or liability attributable to the hedged risk represent hedge ineffectiveness. We use interest-rate or foreign exchange contracts in this manner to manage our exposure to changes in the fair value of hedged items caused by changes in interest rates or foreign exchange rates.
We have entered into interest-rate swap agreements to modify our interest revenue from certain available-for-sale investment securities from a fixed rate to a floating rate. The hedged securities hedged had a weighted-average life of approximately 6.76.3 years as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, compared to 6.96.5 years as of December 31, 20122013. These securities are hedged with interest-rate swap contracts of similar maturity, repricing and fixed-rate coupons. The interest-rate swap contracts convert the interest revenue from a fixed rate to a floating rate indexed to LIBOR, thereby mitigating our exposure to fluctuations in the fair value of the securities attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate.
We have entered into interest-rate swap agreements to modify our interest expense on onetwo senior notenotes and one subordinated note from fixed rates to floating rates. The senior note maturesnotes mature in 2018 and pays2023 and pay fixed interest at aannual rates of 1.35% annual rate.and 3.70%, respectively. The subordinated note matures in 2023 and pays fixed interest at a


101

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

3.1%3.10% annual rate. The senior and subordinated notes are hedged with interest-rate swap contracts with notional amounts, maturities and fixed-rate coupon terms that align with the hedged notes. The interest-rate swap contracts convert the fixed-rate coupons to floating rates indexed to LIBOR, thereby mitigating our exposure to fluctuations in the fair values of the senior notes and subordinated notes stemming from changes in the benchmark interest rates.
We have entered into forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge the change in fair value attributable to foreign exchange movements in the funding of non-functional currency-denominated investment securities. These forward contracts convert the foreign currency risk to U.S. dollars, thereby mitigating our exposure to fluctuations in the fair value of the securities attributable to changes in foreign exchange rates. Generally, no ineffectiveness is recorded in earnings, since the notional amount of the hedging instruments is aligned with the carrying value of the hedged securities. The forward points on the hedging instruments are considered to be a hedging cost, and accordingly are excluded from the evaluation of hedge effectiveness and recorded in net interest revenue.
Cash flow hedges
Derivatives categorized as cash flow hedges are utilized to offset the variability of cash flows to be received from or paid on a floating-rate asset or liability. Ineffectiveness of cash flow hedges is defined as the extent to which the changes in fair value of the derivative exceed the variability of cash flows of the forecastedforecast transaction.
We have entered into an interest-rate swap agreement to modify our interest revenue from an available-for-sale debt security from a floating rate to a fixed rate. The hedged security had a remaining life of approximately 1 year7 months as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, compared to approximately 1.810 yearsmonths as of December 31, 20122013. The security is hedged with an interest-rate swap contract of similar maturity, repricing and other characteristics. The interest-rate swap contract converts the interest revenue from a floating rate to a fixed rate, thereby mitigating our exposure to fluctuations in the cash flows of the security attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate.  
We have entered into foreign exchange contracts to hedge the change in cash flows attributable to foreign exchange movements in the funding of non-functional currency-denominated investment securities. These foreign exchange
contracts convert the foreign currency risk to U.S. dollars, thereby mitigating our exposure to fluctuations in the cash flows of the securities attributable to changes in foreign exchange rates. Generally, no ineffectiveness is recorded in earnings, since the critical terms of the hedging instruments and the hedged securities are aligned.

101

TableFor cash flow hedges, any changes in the fair value of Contentsthe derivative financial instruments remain in AOCI, and are generally recorded in our consolidated statement of income in future periods when earnings are affected by the variability of the hedged cash flow.
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents the aggregate contractual, or notional, amounts of derivative financial instruments entered into in connection with our trading and asset-and-liability management activities as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)September 30,
2013
 December 31,
2012
March 31,
2014
 December 31,
2013
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:      
Interest-rate contracts:      
Swap agreements and forwards$1,112
 $1,578
$878
 $1,023
Options and caps purchased36
 68
20
 27
Options and caps written36
 68
20
 27
Futures5,126
 1,910
3,731
 3,282
Foreign exchange contracts:      
Forward, swap and spot1,118,507
 897,354
1,232,146
 1,124,355
Options purchased2,797
 9,454
1,484
 1,666
Options written2,357
 8,734
1,140
 1,423
Futures14
 
Credit derivative contracts:      
Credit swap agreements136
 27
141
 141
Total return swap agreements(1)
180
 
Commodity and equity contracts:   
Commodity(1)
11,363
 2
Equity(1)
18
 1
Other:      
Stable value contracts27,913
 33,512
24,484
 24,906
Futures3
 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:      
Interest-rate contracts:      
Swap agreements4,222
 3,153
5,222
 5,221
Foreign exchange contracts:      
Forward and swap2,987
 3,477
2,866
 2,783
(1) Primarily composed of positions held by a consolidated sponsored investment fund, more fully described in note 9.


102

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

In connection with our asset-and-liability management activities, we have entered into interest-rate contracts designated as fair value and cash flow hedges to manage our interest-rate risk. The following table presents the aggregate notional amounts of these interest-rate contracts and the related assets or liabilities being hedged as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
(In millions)
Fair
Value
Hedges
 
Cash
Flow
Hedges
 Total 
Fair
Value
Hedges
 
Cash
Flow
Hedges
 Total
Fair
Value
Hedges
 
Cash
Flow
Hedges
 Total 
Fair
Value
Hedges
 
Cash
Flow
Hedges
 Total
Investment securities available for sale$2,592
 $130
 $2,722
 $1,573
 $130
 $1,703
$2,589
 $133
 $2,722
 $2,589
 $132
 $2,721
Long-term debt(1)
1,500
 
 1,500
 1,450
 
 1,450
2,500
 
 2,500
 2,500
 
 2,500
Total$4,092
 $130
 $4,222
 $3,023
 $130
 $3,153
$5,089
 $133
 $5,222
 $5,089
 $132
 $5,221
     
(1) As of September 30, 2013 and DecemberMarch 31, 20122014, these fair value hedges of long-term debt increased the carrying value of long-term debt presented in our consolidated statement of condition by $183 million and. As of $174 millionDecember 31, 2013, respectively.these fair value hedges decreased the carrying value of long-term debt presented in our consolidated statement of condition by $35 million.
The following table presents the contractual and weighted-average interest rates for long-term debt, which include the effects of the fair value hedges presented in the table above, for the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended September 30,
 2013 2012
 
Contractual
Rates
 
Rate Including
Impact of Hedges
 
Contractual
Rates
 
Rate Including
Impact of Hedges
Long-term debt3.34% 2.67% 4.13% 3.20%
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2014 2013
 
Contractual
Rates
 
Rate Including
Impact of Hedges
 
Contractual
Rates
 
Rate Including
Impact of Hedges
Long-term debt3.39% 2.60% 3.77% 3.03%
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2013 2012
 
Contractual
Rates
 
Rate Including
Impact of Hedges
 
Contractual
Rates
 
Rate Including
Impact of Hedges
Long-term debt3.49% 2.77% 4.01% 3.20%
For cash flow hedges, any changes in the fair value of the derivative financial instruments remain in AOCI, and are generally recorded in our consolidated statement of income in future periods when earnings are affected by the variability of the hedged cash flow.
The following tables present the fair value of derivative financial instruments, excluding the impact of master netting agreements, recorded in our
consolidated statement of condition as of the dates indicated. The impact of master netting agreements is disclosed in note 2.

 
Asset DerivativesAsset Derivatives
Balance Sheet
Location
 Fair Value
Balance Sheet
Location
 Fair Value
(In millions) September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:        
Foreign exchange contractsOther assets $10,109
 $9,243
Other assets $8,012
 $11,552
Interest-rate contractsOther assets 34
 61
Other assets 21
 29
Credit derivative contractsOther assets 1
 
Other derivative contractsOther assets 2
 1
Total $10,144
 $9,304
 $8,035
 $11,582
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:        
Foreign exchange contractsOther assets $257
 $135
Other assets $306
 $359
Interest-rate contractsOther assets 24
 162
Other assets 35
 36
Total $281
 $297
 $341
 $395

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Liability DerivativesLiability Derivatives
Balance Sheet
Location
 Fair Value
Balance Sheet
Location
 Fair Value
(In millions) September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:        
Foreign exchange contractsOther liabilities $10,210
 $9,067
Other liabilities $7,771
 $11,428
Interest-rate contractsOther liabilities 35
 61
Other liabilities 21
 29
Other derivative contractsOther liabilities 9
 9
Other liabilities 10
 9
Total $10,254
 $9,137
 $7,802
 $11,466
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:        
Interest-rate contractsOther liabilities $272
 $284
Other liabilities $248
 $302
Foreign exchange contractsOther liabilities 51
 17
Other liabilities 71
 43
Total $323
 $301
 $319
 $345
 
The following tables present the impact of our use of derivative financial instruments on our consolidated statement of income for the periods indicated:
Location of Gain (Loss) on
Derivative in Consolidated
Statement of Income
 
Amount of Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in
Consolidated Statement
of Income
Location of Gain (Loss) on
Derivative in Consolidated
Statement of Income
 
Amount of Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in
Consolidated Statement
of Income
 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)  September 30, 2013 September 30, 2012 September 30, 2013 September 30, 2012  2014 2013
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:        Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:    
Foreign exchange contractsTrading services revenue $147
 $113
 $461
 $459
Trading services revenue $134
 $145
Foreign exchange contractsProcessing fees and other revenue 
 1
 
 (2)
Interest-rate contractsTrading services revenue 
 1
 3
 (87)Trading services revenue 
 1
Interest-rate contractsProcessing fees and other revenue 
 
 
 2
Credit derivative contractsProcessing fees and other revenue 1
 
 1
 
Other derivative contractsProcessing fees and other revenue (1) 
Total $148
 $115
 $465
 $372
 $133
 $146
 
Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative in Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized  in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
Hedged Item in Fair Value Hedging Relationship Location of Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item in Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Hedged
Item Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
  Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013     Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative in Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 Hedged Item in Fair Value Hedging Relationship Location of Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item in Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Hedged
Item Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
(In millions)  Three Months Ended March 31, Three Months Ended March 31,
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:         2014 2013 2014 2013
Foreign exchange contracts
Processing fees and
other revenue
 $20
 $(135) Investment securities 
Processing fees and
other revenue
 $(20) $135
Processing fees and
other revenue
 $42
 $4
 Investment securities 
Processing fees and
other revenue
 $(42) $(4)
Interest-rate contracts
Processing fees and
other revenue
 (14) (146) Long-term debt 
Processing fees and
other revenue
 12
 133
Processing fees and
other revenue
 (12) 1
 Available-for-sale securities 
Processing fees and
other revenue
 12
 (2)
Interest-rate contracts
Processing fees and
other revenue
 (6) 15
 Available-for-sale securities 
Processing fees and
other revenue
 7
 (15)
Processing fees and
other revenue
 49
 (15) Long-term debt 
Processing fees and
other revenue
 (45) 16
Total $
 $(266) $(1) $253
 $79
 $(10) $(75) $10
Differences between the gains (losses) on the derivative and the gains (losses) on the hedged item,
excluding any amounts recorded in net interest revenue, represent hedge ineffectiveness.


104

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative in Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized  in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 Hedged Item in Fair Value Hedging Relationship Location of  Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item  in Consolidated Statement  of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Hedged
Item Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
   Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012     Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
(In millions)         
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:            
Foreign exchange contracts
Processing fees and
other revenue
 $26
 $30
 Investment securities 
Processing fees and
other revenue
 $(26) $(30)
Interest-rate contracts
Processing fees and
other revenue
 (1) (7) Available-for-sale securities 
Processing fees and
other revenue
 1
 3
Interest-rate contracts
Processing fees and
other revenue
 22
 62
 Long-term debt 
Processing fees and
other revenue
 (21) (58)
Total  $47
 $85
     $(46) $(85)

Differences between the gains (losses) on the derivative and the gains (losses) on the hedged item, excluding any amounts recorded in net interest revenue, represent hedge ineffectiveness.
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI to Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) Reclassified
from OCI to
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI to Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) Reclassified
from OCI to
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013Three Months Ended March 31, Three Months Ended March 31, Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)     2014 2013   2014 2013   2014 2013
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:                      
Interest-rate contracts$(1) $10
 Net interest revenue $(1) $(3) Net interest revenue $1
 $3
$(1) $12
 Net interest revenue $(1) $(1) Net interest revenue $1
 $1
Foreign exchange contracts(55) 98
 Net interest revenue 
 
 Net interest revenue 
 5
(12) 105
 Net interest revenue 
 
 Net interest revenue 1
 3
Total$(56) $108
 $(1) $(3) $1
 $8
$(13) $117
 $(1) $(1) $2
 $4
 

 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI to Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) Reclassified
from OCI to
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012   Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012   Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
(In millions)         
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:               
Interest-rate contracts$
 $3
 Net interest revenue $(1) $(4) Net interest revenue $1
 $2
Foreign exchange contracts(2) (1) Net interest revenue 
 
 Net interest revenue 2
 2
Total$(2) $2
   $(1) $(4)   $3
 $4


105

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Note 12. Offsetting Arrangements
 We manage credit and counterparty risk by entering into enforceable netting agreements and other collateral arrangements with counterparties to derivative financial instrumentscontracts and secured financing transactions, including resale and repurchase agreements, and principal securities borrowing and lending agreements. These netting agreements mitigate our counterparty credit risk by providing for a single net settlement with a counterparty of all financial transactions covered by the agreement in an event of default as defined under such agreement. In limited cases, a netting agreement may also provide for the periodic netting of settlement payments with respect to multiple different transaction types in the normal course of business.
Certain of our derivative contracts are executed under either standardized netting agreements or, for exchange-traded derivatives, the relevant contracts for a particular exchange which contain enforceable netting provisions. In certain cases, we may have cross-product netting arrangements which allow for netting and set-off of a variety of types of derivatives with a single counterparty. A derivative netting arrangement creates an enforceable right of set-off that becomes effective, and effects the realization or settlement of individual financial assets and liabilities, only following a specified event of default. Collateral requirements associated with our derivative contracts are determined after a review of the creditworthiness of each counterparty, and the requirements are monitored and adjusted daily, typically based on net exposure by counterparty. Collateral is generally in the form of cash or highly liquid U.S. government securities.
In connection with our secured financing activities,transactions, we enter into netting agreements and other collateral arrangements with counterparties, which provide for the right to liquidate collateral upon anin the event of default. Required collateralCollateral is generally required in

the form of cash, equity securities or fixed-income securities. Default events may include the failure to make payments or deliver securities timely, material adverse changes in financial condition or insolvency, the breach of minimum regulatory capital requirements, or loss of license, charter or other legal authorization necessary to perform under the contract.
In order for an arrangement to be eligible for netting, we must have a reasonable basis to conclude that such netting arrangements are legally enforceable. The analysis of the legal enforceability of an arrangement differs by jurisdiction, depending on the laws of that jurisdiction. In many jurisdictions, specific legislation exists that provides for the enforceability in bankruptcy of close-out netting under a netting agreement, typically by way of specific exception from more general prohibitions on the exercise of creditor rights.
When we have a basis to conclude that a legally enforceable netting arrangement exists between us and the derivative counterparty and the relevant transaction is the type of transaction that is recorded in our consolidated statement of condition, we offset derivative assets and liabilities, and the related collateral received and provided, in our consolidated statement of condition. We also offset secured financing assets and liabilities related to secured financing transactions with the same counterparty or clearinghouse which have the same maturity date and are settled in the normal course of business on a net basis.
Collateral that we receive in the form of securities in connection with secured financing transactions and derivative contracts can be transferred or re-pledged as collateral in many instances to enter into repurchase agreements or securities finance or derivative transactions. The securities collateral received in connection with our securities finance activities is recorded at fair value in




106105

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

other assets in our consolidated statement of condition, with a related liability to return the collateral, if we have the right to transfer or re-pledge the collateral. As of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the fair value of securities received as collateral where we are permitted to transfer or re-pledge the securities totaled $4.60 billion and $5.64 billion, respectively, and the fair value of the portion
that had been transferred or re-pledged as of the same date was $1.53 billion and $1.77 billion, respectively.
The following tables present information about the offsetting of assets related to derivative financial instrumentscontracts and secured financing transactions, as of the dates indicated:

Assets: September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
(In millions) 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets(1)
 
Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(2)
 Net Amounts of Assets Presented in Statement of Condition 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets(1)
 
Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(2)
 Net Amounts of Assets Presented in Statement of Condition 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets(1)
 
Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(2)
 Net Amounts of Assets Presented in Statement of Condition 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets(1)
 
Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(2)
 Net Amounts of Assets Presented in Statement of Condition
Derivatives:Derivatives:        Derivatives:        
Interest-rate contracts $58
 $(45) $13
 $223
 $(19) $204
 $56
 $(45) $11
 $65
 $(59) $6
Foreign exchange contracts 10,366
 (3,757) 6,609
 9,378
 (3,575) 5,803
 8,318
 (3,489) 4,829
 11,911
 (4,514) 7,397
Other derivative contracts 1
 
 1
 
 
 
 2
 (1) 1
 1
 
 1
Cash collateral netting 
 (2,303) (2,303) 
 (1,451) (1,451) 
 (1,372) (1,372) 
 (1,928) (1,928)
Total derivatives $10,425
 $(6,105) $4,320
 $9,601
 $(5,045) $4,556
 $8,376
 $(4,907) $3,469
 $11,977
 $(6,501) $5,476
Other financial instruments:Other financial instruments:        Other financial instruments:        
Resale agreements and securities borrowing(3)
 $45,563
 $(29,974) $15,589
 $35,658
 $(23,809) $11,849
 $47,715
 $(30,307) $17,408
 $48,221
 $(30,700) $17,521
Total derivatives and other financial instruments $55,988
 $(36,079) $19,909
 $45,259
 $(28,854) $16,405
 $56,091
 $(35,214) $20,877
 $60,198
 $(37,201) $22,997
     
(1) Amounts include all transactions regardless of whether or not they are subject to an enforceable netting arrangement.
(2) Amounts subject to netting arrangements which have been determined to be legally enforceable.
(3) Included in the $15,58917,408 million as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 was $5,8276,087 million of resale agreements and $9,76211,321 million of collateral provided related to securities borrowing. Included in the $11,84917,521 million as of December 31, 20122013 was $5,0166,230 million of resale agreements and $6,83311,291 million of collateral provided related to securities borrowing. Resale agreements and collateral provided related to securities borrowing were recorded in securities purchased under resale agreements and other assets, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition. Refer to note 87 for additional information with respect to principal securities finance transactions.

 September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
   
Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition(1)
     
Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition(1)
     
Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition(1)
     
Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition(1)
  
(In millions) Net Amount of Assets Presented in Statement of Condition Counterparty Netting Collateral Received 
Net Amount(2)
 Net Amount of Assets Presented in Statement of Condition Counterparty Netting Collateral Received 
Net Amount(2)
 Net Amount of Assets Presented in Statement of Condition Counterparty Netting Collateral Received 
Net Amount(2)
 Net Amount of Assets Presented in Statement of Condition Counterparty Netting Collateral Received 
Net Amount(2)
Derivatives $4,320
 $
 $(95) $4,225
 $4,556
 $
 $(105) $4,451
 $3,469
 $
 $(187) $3,282
 $5,476
 $
 $(181) $5,295
Resale agreements and securities borrowing 15,589
 (144) (15,360) 85
 11,849
 (126) (11,626) 97
 17,408
 (113) (15,099) 2,196
 17,521
 (131) (14,983) 2,407
Total $19,909
 $(144) $(15,455) $4,310
 $16,405
 $(126) $(11,731) $4,548
 $20,877
 $(113) $(15,286) $5,478
 $22,997
 $(131) $(15,164) $7,702
     
(1) Amounts subject to netting arrangements which have been determined to be legally enforceable.
(2) Includes amounts secured by collateral not determined to be subject to enforceable netting arrangements.

107106

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following tables present information about the offsetting of liabilities related to derivative financial instrumentscontracts and secured financing transactions, as of the dates indicated:
Liabilities: September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
(In millions) 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities(1)
 
Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(2)
 Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in Statement of Condition 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities(1)
 
Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(2)
 Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in Statement of Condition 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities(1)
 
Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(2)
 Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in Statement of Condition 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities(1)
 
Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(2)
 Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in Statement of Condition
Derivatives:Derivatives:        Derivatives:        
Interest-rate contracts $307
 $(45) $262
 $345
 $(19) $326
 $269
 $(45) $224
 $331
 $(59) $272
Foreign exchange contracts 10,261
 (3,757) 6,504
 9,084
 (3,574) 5,510
 7,842
 (3,489) 4,353
 11,471
 (4,514) 6,957
Other derivative contracts 9
 
 9
 9
 
 9
 10
 (1) 9
 9
 
 9
Cash collateral netting 
 (468) (468) 
 (478) (478) 
 (274) (274) 
 (979) (979)
Total derivatives $10,577
 $(4,270) $6,307
 $9,438
 $(4,071) $5,367
 $8,121
 $(3,809) $4,312
 $11,811
 $(5,552) $6,259
Other financial instruments:Other financial instruments:        Other financial instruments:        
Repurchase agreements and securities lending(3)
 $46,488
 $(29,974) $16,514
 $36,801
 $(23,809) $12,992
 $45,545
 $(30,307) $15,238
 $45,273
 $(30,700) $14,573
Total derivatives and other financial instruments $57,065
 $(34,244) $22,821
 $46,239
 $(27,880) $18,359
 $53,666
 $(34,116) $19,550
 $57,084
 $(36,252) $20,832
     
(1) Amounts include all transactions regardless of whether or not they are subject to an enforceable netting arrangement.
(2) Amounts subject to netting arrangements which have been determined to be legally enforceable.
(3) Included in the $16,51415,238 million as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 was $10,1238,953 million of repurchase agreements and $6,3916,285 million of collateral received related to securities lending. Included in the $12,99214,573 million as of December 31, 20122013 was $8,0067,953 million of repurchase agreements and $4,9866,620 million of collateral received related to securities lending. Repurchase agreements and collateral received related to securities lending were recorded in securities sold under repurchase agreements and accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition. Refer to note 87 for additional information with respect to principal securities finance transactions.

 September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
   
Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition(1)
     
Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition(1)
     
Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition(1)
     
Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition(1)
  
(In millions) Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in Statement of Condition Counterparty Netting Collateral Provided 
Net Amount(2)
 Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in Statement of Condition Counterparty Netting Collateral Provided 
Net Amount(2)
 Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in Statement of Condition Counterparty Netting Collateral Provided 
Net Amount(2)
 Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in Statement of Condition Counterparty Netting Collateral Provided 
Net Amount(2)
Derivatives $6,307
 $
 $
 $6,307
 $5,367
 $
 $
 $5,367
 $4,312
 $
 $
 $4,312
 $6,259
 $
 $(6) $6,253
Repurchase agreements and securities lending $16,514
 $(144) $(14,002) 2,368
 12,992
 (126) (12,067) 799
 15,238
 (113) (13,015) 2,110
 14,573
 (131) (13,036) 1,406
Total $22,821
 $(144) $(14,002) $8,675
 $18,359
 $(126) $(12,067) $6,166
 $19,550
 $(113) $(13,015) $6,422
 $20,832
 $(131) $(13,042) $7,659
     
(1) Amounts subject to netting arrangements which have been determined to be legally enforceable.
(2) Includes amounts secured by collateral not determined to be subject to enforceable netting arrangements.




108107

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Note 13.    Net Interest Revenue
The following table presents the components of interest revenue and interest expense, and related net interest revenue, for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)2013 2012 2013 20122014 2013
Interest revenue:          
Deposits with banks$29
 $31
 $91
 $108
$34
 $31
Investment securities:          
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies165
 200
 542
 605
163
 194
State and political subdivisions59
 53
 164
 161
71
 51
Other investments323
 374
 1,003
 1,185
319
 341
Securities purchased under resale agreements8
 15
 33
 37
9
 13
Loans and leases58
 57
 193
 183
58
 56
Other interest-earning assets1
 
 4
 2
1
 1
Total interest revenue643
 730
 2,030
 2,281
655
 687
Interest expense:          
Deposits17
 37
 78
 127
15
 34
Short-term borrowings15
 18
 46
 55
15
 16
Long-term debt59
 52
 169
 172
63
 56
Other interest-bearing liabilities6
 4
 19
 11
7
 5
Total interest expense97
 111
 312
 365
100
 111
Net interest revenue$546
 $619
 $1,718
 $1,916
$555
 $576
Note 14.    14.    Expenses
Severance Costs:
In the three months ended March 31, 2014, we recorded $72 million of severance costs. These severance costs were the result of staff reductions associated with the realignment of our cost base, and were recorded in compensation and employee benefits expenses in our consolidated statement of income.
Acquisition and Restructuring CostsCosts:
The following table presents net acquisition and restructuring costs recorded in the periods indicated:
 
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions) 2013 2012 2013 20122014 2013
Acquisition costs $18
 $13
 $52
 $41
$21
 $15
Restructuring charges, net 12
 15
 22
 45
12
 (1)
Total acquisition and restructuring costs $30
 $28
 $74
 $86
$33
 $14


Acquisition Costs
Acquisition costs incurredrecorded in the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 20122013 were related to previously disclosed acquisitions.
Restructuring Charges
Information with respect to our Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program and our 2011 and 2012 expense control measures, including charges, employee reductions and aggregate activity in the related accruals, is provided in the two sections that follow.
Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation Program
In November 2010,, we announced a global multi-year Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program. The program includes operational, information technology and targeted cost initiatives, including plans related to reductions in both staff and occupancy costs. To date, we have recorded aggregate restructuring charges of $375$390 million in our

109

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

consolidated statement of income, composed of $156$156 million in 2010,, $133 $133 million in 2011,, $67 $67 million in 2012, $25 million in 2013 and $19$9 million in the ninethree months endedSeptember 30, 2013March 31, 2014.
The charges related to the program included costs related to severance, benefits and outplacement services, as well as costs which resulted from actions taken to reduce our occupancy costs through the consolidation of leases and properties. The charges also included costs related to information technology, including transition fees associated with the expansion of our use of third-party service providers associated with components of our information technology infrastructure and application maintenance and support.
In 2010,, in connection with the program, we initiated the involuntary termination of 1,400 employees, or approximately 5% of our global workforce, which we had substantially completed by the end of 2011.2011. In addition, in connection with our announcement in 2011 of the expansion of our use of third-party service providers associated with our information technology infrastructure and application maintenance and support, as well as the continued execution of the business operations transformation component of the program, we have identified 1,2341,436 additional involuntary terminations and role eliminations, including 263 in the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2013.terminations. As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, we have eliminated 1,1681,375 of these positions.
Expense Control Measures
In December 2011, in connection with expense control measures designed to calibrate our expenses to our outlook for our capital markets-facing businesses in 2012,, we took two actions. First, we withdrew from our fixed-income trading initiative, in which we traded in fixed-income securities and derivatives as principal with our custody clients and other third-parties that trade in these securities and derivatives. Second, we undertook other targeted staff reductions. As a result of these actions, we recorded aggregate pre-tax restructuring charges of $120 million in 2011 and net pre-tax credit adjustments of $(1) million in 2012 in our consolidated statement of income.
The charges recorded in 2011 included costs related to severance, benefits and outplacement services with respect to both our withdrawal from our fixed-income initiative and the other targeted staff reductions; costs associated with fair-value adjustments to the initiative's trading portfolio resulting from our decision to withdraw from the initiative; and costs for asset and other write-offs related to asset write-downs and contract terminations. In 2011, in connection with the above-described employee-related actions, we identified 442 employees to be involuntarily terminated as their roles were eliminated. As of September 30, 2013, we had substantially completed these reductions.
In December 2012, in connection with expense control measures designed to better align our


108

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

expenses to our business strategy and related outlook for 2013,, we identified additional targeted staff reductions. As a result of these actions, we have recorded aggregate pre-tax restructuring charges of $133$133 million in 2012 and, $3 million in 2013 and $3 million in the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2013, which included $1 million in the three months endedSeptember 30, 2013, March 31, 2014 in our consolidated statement of income. Employee-related costs included severance, benefits and outplacement services. Costs for asset and other write-offs were primarily related to contract terminations. We originally identified involuntary terminations and role eliminations of 960
employees (630(630 positions after replacements).  As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, 720 positions had been eliminated through voluntary and involuntary terminations.we substantially completed these reductions.
Aggregate Restructuring-Related Accrual Activity
The following table presents aggregate activity associated with accruals that resulted from the charges associated with the Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program and the 2011 and 2012expense control measures: 

(In millions)
Employee-
Related
Costs
 Real Estate Consolidation Information Technology Costs Asset and Other Write-Offs Total
Employee-
Related
Costs
 Real Estate Consolidation Asset and Other Write-Offs Total
Balance as of December 31, 2012$195
 $49
 $5
 $13
 $262
Balance as of December 31, 2013$50
 $49
 $7
 $106
Additional accruals for Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program9
 11
 (1) 
 19
6
 3
 
 9
Additional accruals for 2012 expense control measures(2) 
 
 5
 3

 
 3
 3
Payments and adjustments(125) (11) (4) (8) (148)(17) (12) (2) (31)
Balance as of September 30, 2013$77
 $49
 $
 $10
 $136
Balance as of March 31, 2014$39
 $40
 $8
 $87

110109

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Note 15.    Earnings Per Common Share
The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)2013 2012 2013 2012
Net income$540
 $674
 $1,583
 $1,591
Less:       
Preferred stock dividends(7) (15) (20) (29)
Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities(1)
(2) (5) (6) (11)
Net income available to common shareholders$531
 $654
 $1,557
 $1,551
        
Average common shares outstanding (in thousands):       
Basic average common shares442,860
 472,355
 449,742
 479,536
Effect of dilutive securities: common stock options and common stock awards9,294
 7,655
 8,650
 6,277
Diluted average common shares452,154
 480,010
 458,392
 485,813
Anti-dilutive securities(2)
1,788
 5,443
 2,384
 5,613
        
Earnings per Common Share:       
Basic$1.20
 $1.39
 $3.46
 $3.23
Diluted1.17
 1.36
 3.40
 3.19
 Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)2014 2013
Net income$363
 $464
Less:   
Preferred stock dividends(6) (7)
Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities(1)
(1) (2)
Net income available to common shareholders$356
 $455
Average common shares outstanding (in thousands):   
Basic average common shares430,621
 454,315
Effect of dilutive securities: common stock options and common stock awards8,194
 8,436
Diluted average common shares438,815
 462,751
Anti-dilutive securities(2)
1,504
 2,488
Earnings per Common Share:   
Basic$.83
 $1.00
Diluted(3)
.81
 .98
   
(1) Represented the portion of net income available to common equity allocated to participating securities; participating securities, composed of fully vested deferred director stock and unvested restricted stock and director stock awards,that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to dividends paid to common shareholders.
(2) Represented common stock options and other equity-based awards outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted average shares, because their effect was anti-dilutive.
(3) Calculations reflect allocation of earnings to participating securities using the two-class method, as this computation is more dilutive than the treasury stock method.
Note 16.    Line of Business Information
We have two lines of business: Investment Servicing and Investment Management. Given our services and management organization, the results of operations for these lines of business are not necessarily comparable with those of other companies, including companies in the financial services industry. Information about our two lines of business, as well as revenues, expenses and capital allocation methodologies associated with these lines of business, is provided in note 2425 to the consolidated financial statements included in our 20122013 Form 10-K.
The following tables providetable provides a summary of our line of businessline-of-business results for the periods indicated. The “Other” column for the third quarter and first ninethree months of2013ended March 31, 2014 included net$72 million of severance costs associated with staff reductions; $33 million of acquisition and restructuring costscosts; and $6 million of $30 million and $74 million, respectively, and certainnet provisions for litigation exposure and other costscosts. The “Other” column for three months ended March 31, 2013 included $14 million of$5 million and $20 million, respectively. The third quarter and first nine months of2012 included the $362 million credit related to recoveries associated with the 2008 Lehman Brothers bankruptcy, as well as certain provisions for litigation exposure and other costs of $85 million and $107 million, respectively, and net acquisition and restructuring costs of $28 million and $86 million, respectively. In addition, the first nine months of2012 included the net realized loss from the sale of all of our Greek investment securities.costs. The amounts in the “Other” columns were not allocated to State Street's business lines. Results for 2012the three months ended March 31, 2013 reflect reclassifications, for comparative purposes, related to management changes in methodologymethodologies associated with funds transfer pricingallocations of revenue and expense allocationexpenses reflected in line-of-business results for 20132014.


111
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Other Total
 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013
(Dollars in millions,
except where otherwise noted)
               
Fee revenue:               
Servicing fees$1,238
 $1,175
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $1,238
 $1,175
Management fees
 
 292
 263
 
 
 292
 263
Trading services227
 257
 12
 24
 
 
 239
 281
Securities finance85
 78
 
 
 
 
 85
 78
Processing fees and other69
 55
 1
 5
 
 
 70
 60
Total fee revenue1,619
 1,565
 305
 292
 
 
 1,924
 1,857
Net interest revenue538
 557
 17
 19
 
 
 555
 576
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net6
 2
 
 
 
 
 6
 2
Total revenue2,163
 2,124
 322
 311
 
 
 2,485
 2,435
Provision for loan losses2
 
 
 
 
 
 2
 
Total expenses1,673
 1,590
 244
 222
 111
 14
 2,028
 1,826
Income before income tax expense$488
 $534
 $78
 $89
 $(111) $(14) $455
 $609
Pre-tax margin23% 25% 24% 29%     18% 25%
Average assets (in billions)$212.2
 $204.4
 $3.4
 $3.9
     $215.6
 $208.3

110

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 Three Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions,
except where otherwise noted)
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Other Total
2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012
Fee revenue:               
Servicing fees$1,211
 $1,100
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $1,211
 $1,100
Management fees
 
 276
 251
 
 
 276
 251
Trading services242
 208
 14
 24
 
 
 256
 232
Securities finance69
 81
 5
 10
 
 
 74
 91
Processing fees and other60
 38
 6
 7
 
 
 66
 45
Total fee revenue1,582
 1,427
 301
 292
 
 
 1,883
 1,719
Net interest revenue527
 600
 19
 19
     546
 619
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net(4) 18
 
 
 
 
 (4) 18
Total revenue2,105
 2,045
 320
 311
 
 
 2,425
 2,356
Total expenses1,496
 1,459
 191
 205
 35
 (249) 1,722
 1,415
Income before income tax expense$609
 $586
 $129
 $106
 $(35) $249
 $703
 $941
Pre-tax margin29% 29% 40% 34%     29% 40%
Average assets (in billions)$197.7
 $192.1
 $3.6
 $3.7
     $201.3
 $195.8

 Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions,
except where otherwise noted)
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Other Total
2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012
Fee revenue:               
Servicing fees$3,587
 $3,264
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $3,587
 $3,264
Management fees
 
 816
 733
 
 
 816
 733
Trading services778
 695
 55
 72
 
 
 833
 767
Securities finance255
 296
 28
 35
 
 
 283
 331
Processing fees and other181
 183
 11
 4
 
 
 192
 187
Total fee revenue4,801
 4,438
 910
 844
 
 
 5,711
 5,282
Net interest revenue1,655
 1,858
 63
 58
 
 
 1,718
 1,916
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net(9) 48
 
 
 
 (46) (9) 2
Total revenue6,447
 6,344
 973
 902
 
 (46) 7,420
 7,200
Provision for loan losses
 (1) 
 
 
 
 
 (1)
Total expenses4,628
 4,537
 624
 654
 94
 (169) 5,346
 5,022
Income before income tax expense$1,819
 $1,808
 $349
 $248
 $(94) $123
 $2,074
 $2,179
Pre-tax margin28% 28% 36% 27%     28% 30%
Average assets (in billions)$201.9
 $187.2
 $3.8
 $3.8
     $205.7
 $191.0

Note 17.    Non-U.S. Activities
We generally define our non-U.S. activities as those revenue-producing business activities that arise from clients domiciled outside the U.S. Due to the integrated nature of our business, precise segregation of our U.S. and non-U.S. activities is not possible. Subjective estimates and other judgments have beenare applied to determinequantify the financial results and assets related to our non-U.S. activities, including our application of funds transfer pricing, our asset-and-liability management policies and our allocation of certain indirect corporate expenses. Interest expense allocations are based on our internal funds transfer pricing methodology.

112

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents our non-U.S. financial results for the periods indicated. Results for 2012 reflect changes in methodology associated with funds transfer pricing and expense allocation reflected in results for 2013.
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)2013 2012 2013 20122014 2013
Total fee revenue$771
 $700
 $2,347
 $2,169
$788
 $765
Net interest revenue306
 240
 874
 709
325
 273
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net(2) (4) (12) (36)6
 (3)
Total revenue1,075
 936
 3,209
 2,842
1,119
 1,035
Expenses786
 708
 2,279
 2,226
839
 753
Income before income taxes289
 228
 930
 616
280
 282
Income tax expense74
 57
 228
 153
65
 69
Net income$215
 $171
 $702
 $463
$215
 $213
The following table presents the significant components of our non-U.S. assets as of the dates indicated, based on the domicile of the underlying counterparties:
(In millions)March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Interest-bearing deposits with banks$10,281
 $9,584
Investment securities31,790
 31,522
Other assets17,552
 16,778
Total non-U.S. assets$59,623
 $57,884
(In millions)September 30, 2013 December 31, 2012
Interest-bearing deposits with banks$5,221
 $20,665
Investment securities30,586
 28,976
Other assets16,982
 13,441
Total non-U.S. assets$52,789
 $63,082


113111


REVIEW REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Shareholders and Board of Directors of
State Street Corporation
We have reviewed the consolidated statement of condition of State Street Corporation (the “Corporation”) as of September 30, 2013,March 31, 2014, and the related consolidated statements of income, and comprehensive income, for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows for the nine-monththree-month periods ended September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and 2012.2013. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Corporation's management.
We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the condensed consolidated financial statements referred to above for them to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated statement of condition of State Street Corporation as of December 31, 2012,2013, and the related consolidated statements of income, and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’shareholders' equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, not presented herein, and in our report dated February 22, 2013,21, 2014, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated statement of condition of the Corporation as of December 31, 2012,2013, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated statement of condition from which it has been derived.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
November 6, 2013May 9, 2014



114112


FORM 10-Q PART I CROSS-REFERENCE INDEX
The information required by the items presented below is incorporated herein by reference from the “Financial Information” section of this Form 10-Q.



115


PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 2.    UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

(c) In March 2013, our Board of Directors approved a new common stock purchase program authorizing the purchase by us of up to $2.10 billion of our common stock through March 31, 2014. In March 2014, our Board of Directors approved a new common stock program authorizing the purchase by us of up to $2.101.70 billion of our common stock through March 31, 2014.2015.
The following table presents purchases of our common stock and related information for each of the



months in the quarter ended September 30,March 31, 2014. All shares of our common stock purchased in the periods presented were purchased under the March 2013 program. We did not purchase any of our common stock under the March 2014 program in the quarter ended March 31, 2014. We may employ third-party broker/dealers to acquire shares on the open market in connection with our common stock purchase programs.

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, shares in thousands) Total Number of Shares Purchased Under Publicly Announced Program Average Price Paid Per Share Approximate Dollar Value of Shares Purchased Under Publicly Announced Program Approximate Dollar Value of Shares Yet to be Purchased Under Publicly Announced Program 
Period:         
January 1 - January 31, 2014 2,976
 $71.16
 $212
 $208
 
February 1 - February 28, 2014 3,099
 67.21
 208
 
 
March 1 - March 31, 2014 
 
 
 1,700
(1) 
Total 6,075
 $69.14
 $420
 $1,700
(1) 
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, shares in thousands) Total Number of Shares Purchased Under Publicly Announced Program Average Price Paid Per Share Approximate Dollar Value of Shares Purchased Under Publicly Announced Program Approximate Dollar Value of Shares Yet to be Purchased Under Publicly Announced Program
Period:        
July 1 - July 31, 2013 3,072
 $68.69
 $211
 $1,329
August 1 - August 31, 2013 4,149
 68.58
 285
 1,044
September 1 - September 30, 2013 946
 68.14
 64
 980
Total 8,167
 $68.57
 $560
 $980

ITEM 6.EXHIBITS
(1) Amount reflects the total dollar value of shares that can be purchased under the March 2014 program.

113


ITEM 6.    EXHIBITS
The exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index onfollowing the signature page 118 of this Form 10-Q are filed herewith or are incorporated herein by reference to other SEC filings.

116114


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirementsrequirement of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereuntohereunto duly authorized.
 
     
STATE STREET CORPORATION
STATE STREET CORPORATION
     (Registrant)
      
Date:November 6, 2013May 9, 2014 By: 
/s/ MICHAEL W. BELL
     Michael W. Bell,
     
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal (Principal Financial Officer)
      
Date:November 6, 2013May 9, 2014 By: 
/s/ JAMES J. MALERBA
     James J. Malerba,
     
Executive Vice President, Corporate Controller and
Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal (Principal Accounting Officer)



117115


EXHIBIT INDEX
 
3.1Restated Articles of Organization, as amended
4.1Deposit Agreement, dated March 4, 2014, among State Street Corporation, American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (as depositary), and the holders from time to time of the depositary receipts (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to State Street’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 4, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
10.1†Form of amendment dated March 26, 2014 to employment agreements entered into with each of Joseph L. Hooley, Michael W. Bell, Joseph C. Antonellis, James S. Phalen and Michael F. Rogers (filed as Exhibit 99.1 to State Street’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
 12 Ratios of earnings to fixed charges
 
15 Letter regarding unaudited interim financial information
 31.1 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
 
31.2 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer
 
32 Section 1350 Certifications
*101.INS XBRL Instance Document
*101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
*101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
*101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
*101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
*101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
    
Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
*Submitted electronically herewith
Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) consolidated statement of income for the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and 20122013, (ii) consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and 20122013, (iii) consolidated statement of condition as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, (iv) consolidated statement of changes in shareholders’shareholders' equity for the ninethree months endedSeptember 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and 20122013, (v) consolidated statement of cash flows for the ninethree months endedSeptember 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and 20122013, and (vi) condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.



118116