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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
Form 10-Q
xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2015March 31, 2016

OR
¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission File No. 001-07511
STATE STREET CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Massachusetts 04-2456637
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One Lincoln Street
Boston, Massachusetts
 02111
(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)
617-786-3000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  x   No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes  x   No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
    Large accelerated filer  x
 
Accelerated filer ¨
 
Non-accelerated filer  ¨
 
Smaller reporting company  ¨
    (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes  ¨  No  x
The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of October 31, 2015April 30, 2016 was 403,486,112.395,940,301.













 




STATE STREET CORPORATION
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2015MARCH 31, 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS
  
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION 
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION 















ACRONYMS
2015 Form 10-KState Street Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015FRBBFederal Reserve Bank of Boston
ABSAsset-backed securitiesFSBFinancial Stability Board
AFSAvailable-for-saleFXForeign exchange
ALLLAllowance for loan and lease lossesGAAPGenerally accepted accounting principals
AMLAnti-money launderingG-SIBGlobal systemically important banks
AOCIAccumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
HQLA(1)
High-quality liquid assets
ASUAccounting Standards UpdateHTMHeld-to-maturity
AUCAAssets under custody and administration
LCR(1)
Liquidity coverage ratio
AUMAssets under managementMRACManagement Risk and Capital Committee
BCBSBasel Committee on Banking SupervisionNIRNet interest revenue
CCARComprehensive Capital Analysis and ReviewOCIOther comprehensive income (loss)
CDCertificates of depositOFACOffice of Foreign Assets Control
CET1(1)
Common equity tier 1OTCOver-the-counter
CLOCollateralized loan obligationsOTTIOther-than-temporary-impairment
CRECommercial real estateParent CompanyState Street Corporation
CVACredit valuation adjustmentPCAPrompt corrective action
Dodd-Frank ActDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection ActP&LProfit-and-loss
ECBEuropean Central Bank
RWA(1)
Risk-weighted assets
EPSEarnings per shareSECSecurities and Exchange Commission
ERISAEmployee Retirement Income Security ActSERPSupplemental executive retirement plans
ERMEnterprise Risk ManagementSIFISystemically important financial institutions
ETFExchange-Traded Fund
SLR(1)
Supplementary leverage ratio
EVEEconomic value of equitySSGAState Street Global Advisors
FASBFinancial Accounting Standards BoardState Street BankState Street Bank and Trust Company
FCAFinancial Conduct AuthorityTMRCTrading and Markets Risk Committee
FDICFederal Deposit Insurance CorporationVaRValue-at-risk
Federal ReserveBoard of Governors of the Federal Reserve SystemVIEVariable interest entity
FHLBFederal Home Loan Bank of Boston
(1) As defined by the applicable U.S. regulations.



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STATE STREET CORPORATION
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
  
  


















We use acronyms and other defined terms for certain business terms and abbreviations, as defined on the acronyms list following the table of contents to this Form 10-Q.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
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GENERAL
State Street Corporation, referred to as the parent company, is a financial holding company organized in 1969 under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Our executive offices are located at One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 (telephone (617) 786-3000). For purposes of this Form 10-Q, unless the context requires otherwise, references to “State Street,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar terms mean State Street Corporation and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The parent company is a source of financial and managerial supportstrength to our subsidiaries. Through our subsidiaries, including our principal banking subsidiary, State Street Bank and Trust Company, referred to as State Street Bank, we provide a broad range of financial products and services to institutional investors worldwide.worldwide, with $26.94 trillion of AUCA and $2.30 trillion of AUM as of March 31, 2016.
As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, we had consolidated total assets of $247.27$243.69 billion,, consolidated total deposits of $186.37$185.52 billion,, consolidated total shareholders' equity of $21.50$21.50 billion and 31,86032,527 employees. We operate in more than 100 geographic markets worldwide, including in the U.S., Canada, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. We
Our operations are a leader in providing financial services and products to meet the needs of institutional investors worldwide, with $27.27 trillion of assets under custody and administration and $2.20 trillion of assets underorganized for management as of September 30, 2015.
We have tworeporting purposes into 2 lines of business: Investment Servicing and Investment Management, which are defined based on products and services provided.
Investment Servicing provides services for institutional clients, including mutual funds, collective investment funds and other investment pools, corporate and public retirement plans, insurance companies, foundations and endowments worldwide. Products include custody; product- and participant-level accounting; daily pricing and administration; master trust and master custody; record-keeping; cash management; foreign exchange, brokerage and other trading services; securities finance; deposit and short-term investment facilities; loans and lease financing; investment manager and alternative investment manager operations outsourcing; and performance, risk and compliance analytics to support institutional investors.
Investment Management, through State Street Global Advisors, or SSGA, provides a broad array of investment management, investment research and investment advisory services to corporations, public funds and other sophisticated investors. SSGA offers active and passive asset management strategies across equity, fixed-income and cash asset classes. Products are distributed directly and through intermediaries using a
 
intermediaries using a variety of investment vehicles, including exchange-traded funds, or ETFs, such as the SPDR® ETF brand.
For financial and other information about our lines of business, refer to “Line of Business Information” included in this Management's Discussion and Analysis and noteNote 17 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
This Management's Discussion and Analysis is part of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, and updates the Management's Discussion and Analysis in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, which we refer to as the 20142015 Form 10-K previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. You should read the financial information contained in this Management's Discussion and Analysis and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q in conjunction with the financial and other information contained in our 20142015 Form 10-K. Certain previously reported amounts presented in this Form 10-Q have been reclassified to conform to current-period presentation.
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., referred to as GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions in its application of certain accounting policies that materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses.
The significant accounting policies that require us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that are difficult, subjective or complex about matters that are uncertain and may change in subsequent periods include accounting for fair value measurements; other-than-temporary impairment of investment securities; impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets; and contingencies. These significant accounting policies require the most subjective or complex judgments, and underlying estimates and assumptions could be subject to revision as new information becomes available. Additional information about these significant accounting policies is included under “Significant Accounting Estimates” in Management's Discussion and Analysis in our 20142015 Form 10-K. We did not change these significant accounting policies in the first nine monthsquarter of 2015.2016.
Certain financial information provided in this Form 10-Q, including this Management's Discussion and Analysis, is prepared on both a U.S. GAAP, or reported basis, and a non-GAAP, or operating basis, including certain non-GAAP measures used in the


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calculation of identified regulatory capital ratios. We measure and compare certain financial information on an operating basis, as we believe that this presentation supports meaningful comparisons from period to period and the analysis of comparable


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

financial trends with respect to State Street'sour normal ongoing business operations. We believe that operating-basis financial information, which reports non-taxable revenue, such as interest revenue associated with tax-exempt investment securities, on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, facilitates an investor's understanding and analysis of State Street'sour underlying financial performance and trends in addition to financial information prepared and reported in conformity with U.S. GAAP. We also believe that the use of certain non-GAAP measures in the calculation of identified regulatory capital ratios is useful in understanding State Street'sour capital position and is of interest to investors.
Operating-basis financial information should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for or superior to, financial information prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Any non-GAAP, or operating-basis, financial information presented in this Form 10-Q, including this Management’s Discussion and Analysis, is reconciled to its most directly comparable U.S. GAAP-basis measure.
We provide additional disclosures required by applicable bank regulatory standards, including supplemental qualitative and quantitative information with respect to regulatory capital (including market risk associated with our trading activities), summary results of semi-annual State Street-run stress tests which we conduct under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the Dodd-Frank Act, and resolution plan disclosures required under the Dodd-Frank Act. These additional disclosures are accessible on the “Investor Relations” section of our corporate website at www.statestreet.com.
We have included our website address in this report as an inactive textual reference only. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-Q.
We use acronyms and other defined terms for certain business terms and abbreviations, as defined on the acronyms list following the table of contents to this Form 10-Q.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Form 10-Q, as well as other reports and proxy materials submitted by us under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, registration statements filed by us under the Securities Act of 1933, our annual report to shareholders and other public statements we may make, contain statements (including statements in the Management's Discussion and Analysis) that are considered “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of U.S. securities laws, including statements about our goals and expectations regarding our business, financial and capital condition, results of
operations, strategies, financial portfolio performance, dividend and stock purchase programs, expected outcomes of legal proceedings, market growth, acquisitions, joint ventures and divestitures and new
technologies, services and opportunities, as well as regarding industry, regulatory, economic and market trends, initiatives and developments, the business environment and other matters.matters that do not relate strictly to historical facts.
Terminology such as “plan,” “expect,” “intend,” “objective,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “believe,” "priority," “anticipate,” “estimate,” “seek,” “may,” “will,” “trend,” “target,” “strategy” and “goal,” or similar statements or variations of such terms, are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such terms.
Forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, which change over time, are based on management's expectations and assumptions at the time the statements are made, and are not guarantees of future results. Management's expectations and assumptions, and the continued validity of the forward-looking statements, are subject to change due to a broad range of factors affecting the national and global economies, regulatory environment and the equity, debt, currency and other financial markets, as well as factors specific to State Street and its subsidiaries, including State Street Bank. Factors that could cause changes in the expectations or assumptions on which forward-looking statements are based cannot be foreseen with certainty and include, but are not limited to:
the financial strength and continuing viability of the counterparties with which we or our clients do business and to which we have investment, credit or financial exposure, including, for example, the direct and indirect effects on counterparties of the sovereign-debt risks in the U.S., Europe and other regions;
increases in the volatility of, or declines in the level of, our net interest revenue, changes in the composition or valuation of the assets recorded in our consolidated statement of condition (and our ability to measure the fair value of investment securities) and the possibility that we may change the manner in which we fund those assets;
the liquidity of the U.S. and international securities markets, particularly the markets for fixed-income securities and inter-bank credits, and the liquidity requirements of our clients;
the level and volatility of interest rates, the valuation of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies in which we record revenue or accrue expenses and the performance and volatility of securities, credit, currency and other markets in the U.S. and internationally;


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

accrue expenses and the performance and volatility of securities, credit, currency and other markets in the U.S. and internationally;
the credit quality, credit-agency ratings and fair values of the securities in our investment securities portfolio, a deterioration or downgrade of which could lead to other-than-temporary impairment of the respective securities and the recognition of an impairment loss in our consolidated statement of income;
our ability to attract deposits and other low-cost, short-term funding, our ability to manage levels of such deposits and the relative portion of our deposits that are determined to be operational under regulatory guidelines and our ability to deploy deposits in a profitable manner consistent with our liquidity requirements and risk profile;
the manner and timing with which the Federal Reserve and other U.S. and foreign regulators implement changes to the regulatory framework applicable to our operations, including implementation of the Dodd-Frank Act, the Basel III final rule and European legislation (such as the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive, Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities Directives and Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II); among other consequences, these regulatory changes impact the levels of regulatory capital we must maintain, acceptable levels of credit exposure to third parties, margin requirements applicable to derivatives, and restrictions on banking and financial activities. In addition, our regulatory posture and related expenses have been and will continue to be affected by changes in regulatory expectations for global systemically important financial institutions applicable to, among other things, risk management, liquidity and capital planning and compliance programs, and changes in governmental enforcement approaches to perceived failures to comply with regulatory or legal obligations;
we may not successfully implement our plans to address the deficiencies jointly identified by the Federal Reserve and the FDIC in April 2016 with respect to our 2015 resolution plan, or those plans may not be considered to be sufficient by the Federal Reserve and the FDIC, due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to challenges we may experience in interpreting and addressing regulatory expectations, failure to implement remediation in a timely manner, the  complexities of development of a
comprehensive plan to resolve a global custodial bank and related costs and dependencies. If we fail to meet regulatory expectations to the satisfaction of the Federal Reserve and the FDIC in our resolution plan submission due on October 1, 2016 or in any future submission, we could be subject to more stringent capital, leverage or liquidity requirements, or restrictions on our growth, activities or operations;
adverse changes in the regulatory ratios that we are required or will be required to meet, whether arising under the Dodd-Frank Act or the Basel III final rule, or due to changes in regulatory positions, practices or regulations in jurisdictions in which we engage in banking activities, including changes in internal or external data, formulae, models, assumptions or other advanced systems used in the
calculation of our capital ratios that cause changes in those ratios as they are measured from period to period;
increasing requirements to obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve or our other U.S. and non-U.S. regulators for the use, allocation or distribution of our capital or other specific capital actions or programs, including acquisitions, dividends and stock purchases, without which our growth plans, distributions to shareholders, share repurchase programs or other capital initiatives may be restricted;
changes in law or regulation, or the enforcement of law or regulation, that may adversely affect our business activities or those of our clients or our counterparties, and the products or services that we sell, including additional or increased taxes or assessments thereon, capital adequacy requirements, margin requirements and changes that expose us to risks related to the adequacy of our controls or compliance programs;
financial market disruptions or economic recession, whether in the U.S., Europe, Asia or other regions;
our ability to develop and execute State Street Beacon, our multi-year transformation program to create cost efficiencies and to fully digitize our business to support the development of new solutions and capabilities for our clients, any failure of which, in whole or in part, may among other things, reduce our competitive position, diminish the cost-effectiveness of our systems and processes or provide an


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

insufficient return on our associated investment;
our ability to promote a strong culture of risk management, operating controls, compliance oversight and governance that meet our expectations and those of our clients and our regulators;
the results of our review of our billing practices, including additional amounts we may be required to reimburse clients, as well as potential consequences of such review, including damage to our client relationships and adverse actions by governmental authorities;
the results of, and costs associated with, governmental or regulatory inquiries and investigations, litigation and similar claims, disputes, or proceedings;
our ability to develop, finalize and execute our plan to accelerate the next phase of our program to create cost efficiencies through changes in our operational processes and to further digitize our processes and interfaces with our clients. The objectives of this plan are to enhance the value and delivery of our products and services to clients and to identify and implement significant reductions in our cost structure. Any failure in wholecivil or in part to achieve these objectives may, among other things, limit the attractiveness of our products or services to clients. This could reduce our competitive position, diminish the cost-effectiveness of our systems and processes or provide an insufficient return on our associated investment;criminal proceedings;
the potential for losses arising from our investments in sponsored investment funds;
the possibility that our clients will incur substantial losses in investment pools for


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

which we act as agent, and the possibility of significant reductions in the liquidity or valuation of assets underlying those pools;
our ability to anticipate and manage the level and timing of redemptions and withdrawals from our collateral pools and other collective investment products;
the credit agency ratings of our debt and depositorydepositary obligations and investor and client perceptions of our financial strength;
adverse publicity, whether specific to State Street or regarding other industry participants or industry-wide factors, or other reputational harm;
our ability to control operational risks, data security breach risks and outsourcing risks, our ability to protect our intellectual property rights, the possibility of errors in the quantitative models we use to manage our business and the possibility that our controls will prove insufficient, fail or be circumvented;
our ability to expand our use of technology to enhance the efficiency, accuracy and reliability of our operations and our dependencies on information technology and our ability to control related risks, including cyber-crime and other threats to our information technology infrastructure and systems and their effective operation both independently and with external systems, and complexities and costs of protecting the security of our systems and data;
our ability to grow revenue, manage expenses, attract and retain highly skilled people and raise the capital necessary to achieve our business goals and comply with regulatory requirements and expectations;
changes or potential changes to the competitive environment, including changes due to regulatory and technological changes, the effects of industry consolidation and perceptions of State Street as a suitable service provider or counterparty;
changes or potential changes in the amount of compensation we receive from clients for our services, and the mix of services provided by us that clients choose;
our ability to complete acquisitions, joint ventures and divestitures, including the ability to obtain regulatory approvals, the ability to arrange financing as required and the ability to satisfy closing conditions;
the risks that our acquired businesses and joint ventures will not achieve their anticipated financial and operational benefits or will not be integrated successfully, or that
the integration will take longer than anticipated, that expected synergies will not be achieved or unexpected negative synergies or liabilities will be experienced, that client and deposit retention goals will not be met, that other regulatory or operational challenges will be experienced, and that disruptions from the transaction will harm our relationships with our clients, our employees or regulators;
our ability to recognize emerging needs of our clients and to develop products that are responsive to such trends and profitable to us, the performance of and demand for the products and services we offer, and the potential for new products and services to impose additional costs on us and expose us to increased operational risk;
changes in accounting standards and practices; and
changes in tax legislation and in the interpretation of existing tax laws by U.S. and non-U.S. tax authorities that affect the amount of taxes due.
Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed in our forward-looking statements and from our historical financial results due to the factors discussed in this section and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q or disclosed in our other SEC filings, including the risk factors discussed in our 20142015 Form 10-K. Forward-looking statements


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

in this Form 10-Q should not be relied on as representing our expectations or beliefs as of any date subsequent to the time this Form 10-Q is filed with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to revise our forward-looking statements after the time they are made. The factors discussed aboveherein are not intended to be a complete statement of all risks and uncertainties that may affect our businesses. We cannot anticipate all developments that may adversely affect our business or operations or our consolidated results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Forward-looking statements should not be viewed as predictions, and should not be the primary basis on which investors evaluate State Street. Any investor in State Street should consider all risks and uncertainties disclosed in our SEC filings, including our filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, in particular our annual reports on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and our current reports on Form 8-K, or registration statements filed under the Securities Act of 1933, all of which are accessible on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov or on the “Investor Relations” section of our corporate website at www.statestreet.com.


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSISOVERVIEW OF FINANCIAL CONDITIONRESULTS
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

TABLE 1: OVERVIEW OF FINANCIAL RESULTS
 Quarters Ended September 30,  
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)2015 2014 % Change
Total fee revenue$2,108
 $2,012
 5 %
Net interest revenue513
 570
 (10)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net(2) 
 
Total revenue2,619
 2,582
 1
Provision for loan losses5
 2
  
Total expenses1,962
 1,892
 4
Income before income tax expense652
 688
 (5)
Income tax expense68
 128
 (47)
Net income from non-controlling interest1
 
  
Net income$585
 $560
 4
Adjustments to net income:    
Dividends on preferred stock(1)
(42) (18) 133
Net income available to common shareholders$543
 $542
 
Earnings per common share:     
Basic$1.34
 $1.28
 5
Diluted1.32
 1.26
 5
Average common shares outstanding (in thousands):     
Basic406,612
 421,974
  
Diluted412,167
 429,736
  
Cash dividends declared per common share$.34
 $.30
  
Return on average common equity11.3% 10.6%  
      
 Nine Months Ended September 30,  
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)2015 2014 % Change
Total fee revenue$6,250
 $5,975
 5 %
Net interest revenue1,594
 1,686
 (5)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net(6) 4
 (250)
Total revenue7,838
 7,665
 2
Provision for loan losses11
 6
 83
Total expenses6,193
 5,770
 7
Income before income tax expense1,634
 1,889
 (13)
Income tax expense219
 344
 (36)
Net income from non-controlling interest1
 
  
Net income$1,416
 $1,545
 (8)
Adjustments to net income:     
Dividends on preferred stock(1)
(102) (43) 137
Earnings allocated to participating securities(2)
(1) (2) (50)
Net income available to common shareholders$1,313
 $1,500
 (12)
Earnings per common share:     
Basic$3.20
 $3.52
 (9)
Diluted3.16
 3.45
 (8)
Average common shares outstanding (in thousands):     
Basic409,816
 426,775
  
Diluted415,772
 434,510
  
Cash dividends declared per common share$.98
 $.86
  
Return on average common equity9.2% 10.0%  
TABLE 1: OVERVIEW OF FINANCIAL RESULTS 
 Quarters Ended March 31, 
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)2016 2015 % Change
Total fee revenue$1,970
 $2,055
 (4)%
Net interest revenue512
 546
 (6)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net2
 (1) nm
Total revenue2,484
 2,600
 (4)
Provision for loan losses4
 4
 
Total expenses2,050
 2,097
 (2)
Income before income tax expense430
 499
 (14)
Income tax expense62
 94
 (34)
Net income$368

$405

(9)
Adjustments to net income:    
Dividends on preferred stock(1)
(49) (31) 58
Earnings allocated to participating securities(2)

 (1) nm
Net income available to common shareholders$319
 $373
 (14)
Earnings per common share:     
Basic$.80
 $.90
 (11)
Diluted.79
 .89
 (11)
Average common shares outstanding (in thousands):     
Basic399,421
 412,225
  
Diluted403,615
 418,750
  
Cash dividends declared per common share$.34
 $.30
  
Return on average common equity6.8% 7.9%  
      
(1) Refer to note 10 toNote 12 of the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding our preferred stock dividends.
(2) Refer to noteNote 16 toof the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
nm Not meaningful
 
The following “Highlights” and “Financial Results” sections provide information related to significant events, as well as highlights of our consolidated financial results for the third quarter of 2015ended March 31, 2016 presented in Table 1: Overview of Financial Results. More detailed information about our consolidated financial results, including comparisons of our financial results for the third quarter of 2015ended March 31, 2016 to those for the third quarter of 2014 and for the nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2015, to those for nine months ended September 30, 2014, is provided under “Consolidated Results of Operations,” which follows these sections. In this Management’s Discussion and Analysis, where we describe the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates, those effects are determined by applying applicable weighted average foreign exchange rates from the relevant 20142015 period to the relevant 20152016 results.
Highlights
In October 2015, we announced a multi-year plan to accelerateWe secured new asset servicing mandates of $263.9 billion in the next phase of our program to create cost efficiencies through changes in our operational processes and to further digitize our processes and interfaces with our clients. The objectives of this plan are to enhance the value and delivery of our products and services to our clients and to identify and implement significant reductions in our cost structure. We are targeting approximately $500 million in annualized savings from this plan, when fully implemented over approximately the next four to five years.
In the thirdfirst quarter of 2015, we recorded a $59 million reduction of an Italian deferred tax liability as a consequence of our European legal entity restructuring activities.
Asset servicing and asset management fees decreased 1% and 9%, respectively, in the third quarter of 2015 compared to the third quarter of 2014, primarily due the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar.
In the third quarter of 2015, we secured new business of an estimated $141 billion in assets to be serviced;2016; of that total, approximately $101$79.3 billion was installed prior to September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, with the remaining balance expected to be installed in the remainder of 20152016 or later.
In the third quarterNet inflows of 2015, weAUM totaled $13 billion, which does not include $8 billion of new asset management business which was awarded to SSGA but not installed as of March 31, 2016.
We declared quarterly common stock dividends of $0.34 per share, totaling approximately $138$135 million which were paid in Octoberthe first quarter of 2016.
In the first quarter of 2016, we purchased approximately 5.6 million shares of our common stock at an average per-share cost of $57.88 and an aggregate cost of approximately $325 million under our current program, approved by our Board in March 2015.
In the first quarter of 2016, we announced our agreement to acquire GE Asset Management in a cash transaction with a total purchase price of $435 million, subject to adjustments, with up to an additional $50 million tied to incremental opportunities with GE. Pending regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions, the transaction is expected to be finalized early in the third quarter of 2016. As we integrate GE Asset Management into our business, we expect to incur merger and integration costs of approximately $70 million to $80 million through 2018.
In April 2016,
We sold the WM/Reuters branded foreign exchange benchmark


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Underbusiness to Thomson Reuters. This sale will result in a purchase program approved by our Board of Directors in March 2015 which authorizes us to purchase up to $1.8 billion of our common stock through June 30, 2016, we purchased approximately 4.8 million shares of our common stock at an average per-share cost of $72.43 and an aggregate costgain of approximately $350$53 million during($40 million after-tax) in our results of operations for the thirdsecond quarter of 2015.2016.
We issued 20 million depositary shares, each representing 1/4,000th ownership interest in shares of State Street's fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series G, without par value per share, with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share), in a public offering. The aggregate proceeds from the offering, net of underwriting discounts, commissions and other issuance costs, were approximately $494 million.
Additional information with respect to our common stock purchase program and stock dividends is provided under "Financial Condition - Capital" in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.
Financial Results
Total revenue in the thirdfirst quarter of 2015 increased 1%2016 decreased 4% compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2014,2015, primarily due to a 5% increase4% decrease in total fee revenue partially offset byand a decline6% decrease in net interest revenue.
TotalServicing fee revenue decreased 2% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015, primarily due to lower global equity markets and the effect of the stronger U.S. dollar, partially offset by net new business.
Management fee revenue decreased 10% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015, primarily due to lower global equity markets and decline in AUM, partially offset by lower money market fee waivers.
In the first quarter of 2016, we recorded restructuring charges of $97 million related to State Street Beacon, our multi-year transformation program to create cost efficiencies and to fully digitize our business to support the development of new solutions and capabilities for our clients. We are on track to generate at least $100 million in annualized pre-tax net run-rate savings in 2016, including the targeted staff reductions announced in the third quarter of 2015, includes an $83 million pre-tax gain related to the sale of commercial real estate acquired as a result of the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy. The increase in total revenue was largely offset by a decrease of $80 million related to the stronger U.S. dollar when compared to the third quarterour full-year 2015 operating-basis expenses, all else being equal. The full effect of 2014.these savings will be felt in 2017.
Total expenses in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016 decreased 2% compared to the first quarter of 2015, increased 4% compared to the third quarter of 2014, primarily driven by $75 million of pre-tax severancea decrease in other expenses and a decrease in securities processing costs, related to targeted staff reductions taken to better calibrate our expenses to the current environment, partially offset by a $9 million decreasean increase in occupancyrestructuring costs and a $67 million dollar decrease in other expenses.
Total expenses in the third quartereffect of 2015 benefited from the stronger U.S. dollar by approximately $63 million compared to the third quarter of 2014.dollar.
Return on average common shareholders' equity decreased to 6.8% in the thirdfirst quarter of 2015 increased2016 compared to 11.3% from 10.6%7.9% in the thirdfirst quarter of 2014.2015.
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This section discusses our consolidated results of operations for the third quarter and first nine months of 2015ended March 31, 2016 compared to the same periods in 2014,quarter ended March 31, 2015, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying condensed notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Total RevenueTOTAL REVENUE
TABLE 2: TOTAL REVENUE
 Quarters Ended September 30,  
(Dollars in millions)2015 2014 %  Change
Fee revenue:     
Servicing fees$1,294
 $1,302
 (1)%
Management fees287
 316
 (9)
Trading services:     
Foreign exchange trading177
 161
 10
Brokerage and other trading services117
 117
 
Total trading services294
 278
 6
Securities finance113
 99
 14
Processing fees and other120
 17
 606
Total fee revenue2,108
 2,012
 5
Net interest revenue:     
   Interest revenue614
 671
 (8)
   Interest expense101
 101
 
Net interest revenue513
 570
 (10)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net(2) 
  
Total revenue$2,619
 $2,582
 1
      
      
 Nine Months Ended September 30,  
(Dollars in millions)2015 2014 %  Change
Fee revenue:     
Servicing fees$3,892
 $3,828
 2 %
Management fees892
 908
 (2)
Trading services:     
Foreign exchange trading547
 439
 25
Brokerage and other trading services352
 352
 
Total trading services899
 791
 14
Securities finance369
 331
 11
Processing fees and other198
 117
 69
Total fee revenue6,250
 5,975
 5
Net interest revenue:     
   Interest revenue1,885
 1,976
 (5)
   Interest expense291
 290
 
Net interest revenue1,594
 1,686
 (5)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net(6) 4
  
Total revenue$7,838
 $7,665
 2
TABLE 2: TOTAL REVENUE
 Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 %  Change
Fee revenue:     
Servicing fees$1,242
 $1,268
 (2)%
Management fees270
 301
 (10)
Trading services:     
Foreign exchange trading156
 203
 (23)
Brokerage and other trading services116
 121
 (4)
Total trading services272
 324
 (16)
Securities finance134
 101
 33
Processing fees and other52
 61
 (15)
Total fee revenue1,970
 2,055
 (4)
Net interest revenue:     
   Interest revenue629
 642
 (2)
   Interest expense117
 96
 22
Net interest revenue512
 546
 (6)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net2
 (1)  
Total revenue$2,484
 $2,600
 (4)



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Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

FEE REVENUE
Table 2: Total Revenue, provides the breakout of fee revenue for the quarters ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
Servicing and management fees collectively comprisedmade up approximately 75% and 77%, of our total fee revenue in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2015, respectively,2016 compared to approximately 80% and 79%,76% in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2014, respectively.2015. The level of these fees is influenced by several factors, including the mix and volume of our assets under custody and administration and our assets under management, the value and type of securities positions held (with respect to assets under custody) and the volume of portfolio transactions, and the types of products and services used by our clients, and is generally affected by changes in worldwide equity and fixed-income security valuations and trends in market asset class preferences.
Generally, servicing fees are affected by changes in daily average valuations of assets under custody and administration. Additional factors, such as the relative mix of assets serviced, the level of transaction volumes, changes in service level, the nature of services provided, balance credits, client minimum balances, pricing concessions, the geographical location in which services are provided and other factors, may have a significant effect on our servicing fee revenue.
Generally, managementManagement fees are generally affected by changes in month-end valuations of assets under management. Management fees for certain components of managed assets, such as ETFs, are affected by daily average valuations of assets under management. Management fee revenue is more sensitive to market valuations than servicing fee revenue, as a higher proportion of the underlying services provided, and the associated management fees earned, are dependent on equity and fixed-income security valuations. Additional factors, such as the relative mix of assets managed, may have a significant effect on our management fee revenue. While certain management fees are directly determined by the values of assets under management and the investment strategies employed, management fees may reflect other factors as well, including performance fee
arrangements, discussed later in this section, as well as our relationship pricing for clients using multiple services.
Asset-based management fees for actively managed products are generally charged at a higher percentage of assets under management than for passive products. Actively managed products may also include performance fee arrangements which are recorded when the performance period is complete. Performance fees are generated when the performance of certain managed portfolios exceeds benchmarks specified in the management agreements. Generally, we experience more volatility with performance fees than with more traditional management fees.
In light of the above, we estimate, using relevant information as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and assuming that all other factors remain constant, that: (1) a
A 10% increase or decrease in worldwide equity valuations, over the relevant periods for which our servicing and management fees are calculated, would result in a corresponding change in our total revenue of approximately 2%; and (2) a
A 10% increase or decrease in worldwide fixed income security valuations, over the relevant periods for or on which our servicing and management fees are calculated, would result in a corresponding change in our total revenue of approximately 1%.
See Table 3: Daily, Month-end and Year-endQuarter-end Indices, for selected equity market indices. While the specific indices presented are indicative of general market trends, the asset types and classes relevant to individual client portfolios can and do differ, and the performance of associated relevant indices can therefore differ from the performance of the indices presented.
Daily averages and the averages of month-end indices demonstrate worldwide changes in equity markets that affect our servicing and management fee revenue. Quarter-end indices affect the values of assets under custody and administration and assets under management as of those dates. The index names listed in the table are service marks of their respective owners.
Further discussion of fee revenue is provided under “Line of Business Information” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.


10
TABLE 3: DAILY, MONTH-END AND QUARTER-END INDICES
 Daily Averages of Indices Averages of Month-End Indices Quarter-End Indices
 Quarters Ended March 31, Quarters Ended March 31, As of March 31,
 2016 2015 % Change 2016 2015 % Change 2016 2015 % Change
S&P 500®
1,951
 2,064
 (5)% 1,977
 2,056
 (4)% 2,060
 2,068
  %
NASDAQ®
4,614
 4,825
 (4) 4,681
 4,833
 (3) 4,870
 4,901
 (1)
MSCI® EAFE®
1,594
 1,817
 (12) 1,601
 1,839
 (13) 1,652
 1,849
 (11)
MSCI® Emerging Markets
757
 969
 (22) 773
 975
 (21) 837
 975
 (14)

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Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

TABLE 3: DAILY, MONTH-END AND YEAR-END INDICES
 Daily Averages of Indices Averages of Month-End Indices Quarter-End Indices
 Quarters Ended September 30, Quarters Ended September 30, As of September 30,
 2015 2014 % Change 2015 2014 % Change 2015 2014 % Change
S&P 500®
2,027
 1,976
 3 % 1,999
 1,969
 2 % 1,920
 1,972
 (3)%
NASDAQ®
4,924
 4,483
 10
 4,842
 4,481
 8
 4,620
 4,493
 3
MSCI EAFE®
1,785
 1,924
 (7) 1,754
 1,901
 (8) 1,644
 1,846
 (11)
MSCI Emerging860
 1,067
 (19) 837
 1,053
 (21) 792
 1,005
 (21)
 Daily Averages of Indices Averages of Month-End Indices  
 Nine Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,  
 2015 2014 % Change 2015 2014 % Change      
S&P 500®
2,064
 1,905
 8 % 2,047
 1,910
 7 %      
NASDAQ®
4,928
 4,298
 15
 4,891
 4,313
 13
      
MSCI EAFE®
1,836
 1,920
 (4) 1,827
 1,918
 (5)      
MSCI Emerging948
 1,017
 (7) 940
 1,014
 (7)      
NET INTEREST REVENUE
See Table 2: Total Revenue, providesfor the breakout of feeinterest revenue and interest expense for the third quarterquarters ended March 31, 2016 and first nine months2015.
Net interest revenue is defined as interest revenue earned on interest-earning assets less interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities. Interest-earning assets, which principally consist of 2015investment securities, interest-bearing deposits with banks, repurchase agreements, loans and leases and other liquid assets, are financed primarily by client deposits, short-term borrowings
and long-term debt. Net interest margin represents the relationship between annualized fully taxable-equivalent net interest revenue and average total interest-earning assets for the period. It is calculated by dividing fully taxable-equivalent net interest revenue by average interest-earning assets. Revenue that is exempt from income taxes, mainly that earned from certain investment securities (state and political subdivisions), is adjusted to a fully taxable-equivalent basis using a federal statutory income tax rate of 35%, adjusted for applicable state income taxes, net of the related federal tax benefit.

TABLE 4: AVERAGE BALANCES AND INTEREST RATES - FULLY TAXABLE-EQUIVALENT BASIS
 Quarters Ended March 31,
 2016 2015
(Dollars in millions; fully taxable-equivalent basis)
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Revenue/
Expense
 Rate 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Revenue/
Expense
 Rate
Interest-bearing deposits with banks$48,545
 $43
 .36% $71,568
 $54
 .30%
Securities purchased under resale agreements(1)
2,490
 36
 5.86
 2,449
 11
 1.88
Trading account assets860
 
 
 1,117
 
 
Investment securities100,899
 488
 1.94
 112,656
 544
 1.93
Loans and leases18,615
 91
 1.96
 18,025
 74
 1.65
Other interest-earning assets22,672
 13
 .22
 20,544
 3
 .06
Average total interest-earning assets$194,081
 $671
 1.39
 $226,359
 $686
 1.23
Interest-bearing deposits:           
U.S.$27,096
 $27
 .40% $30,174
 $10
 .13%
Non-U.S.92,971
 11
 .05
 103,831
 16
 .06
Securities sold under repurchase agreements4,243
 
 
 9,354
 
 
Federal funds purchased15
 
 
 24
 
 
Other short-term borrowings1,688
 
 
 4,448
 1
 .13
Long-term debt11,027
 61
 2.20
 9,707
 62
 2.55
Other interest-bearing liabilities5,951
 18
 1.22
 7,465
 7
 .41
Average total interest-bearing liabilities$142,991
 $117
 .33
 $165,003
 $96
 .24
Interest-rate spread    1.06%     .99%
Net interest revenue—fully taxable-equivalent basis  $554
     $590
  
Net interest margin—fully taxable-equivalent basis    1.15%     1.06%
Tax-equivalent adjustment  (42)     (44)  
Net interest revenue—GAAP basis  $512
     $546
  
            
(1)2014. Reflects the impact of balance sheet netting under enforceable netting agreements.
Servicing Fees
Servicing feesNet interest revenue decreased 6% on a fully taxable-equivalent basis in the thirdfirst quarter of 2015 decreased 1%2016 compared to the same periodfirst quarter of 2015. The decrease was generally the result of management actions taken towards the end of 2015 to better balance our clients' cash management needs with our economic and regulatory objectives. These actions contributed to a reduction of interest and non-interest bearing clients deposits of $24 billion as of March 31, 2016 compared to March 31, 2015. The first quarter 2016 reduction in 2014, primarily duenet interest revenue also reflects our efforts to manage the size and composition of our investment portfolio as we seek to optimize our capital and liquidity positions in light of the evolving regulatory environment. Benefits during the first quarter of 2016 from the U.S. rate hike in December
2015 were partially offset by lower global interest rates that affected our revenue from certain floating-rate assets, the rate at which payments from the maturity or prepayment on portfolio holdings could be reinvested, and the effect of the stronger U.S. dollar.
Changes in the components of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are discussed in more detail below. Additional detail about the components of interest revenue and interest expense is provided in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Average total interest-earning assets were lower for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2015 as a result of the previously described management actions taken towards the end of 2015 to better balance our clients'


12


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

cash management needs with our economic and regulatory obligations which also reduced interest-earning assets by $32 billion compared to the first quarter of 2015.
The lower level of investment in interest-bearing deposits with banks during the quarter ended March 31, 2016 compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2015 resulted from management actions to reduce client deposits as part of our balance sheet management actions towards the end of 2015, while the increase in average loans and leases resulted from growth in municipal loans and our continued investment in senior secured loans, offset by a reduction in mutual fund lending.
Even though we have seen reductions in the overall level of excess deposits during the past year, our clients have continued to place elevated levels of deposits with us, as central bank actions have resulted in high levels of liquidity and low global interest rates. We evaluate deposits as either inherent in our relationship with our custodial clients, which we generally invest in our investment portfolio, or transient, or excess deposits, which we generally deposit with central banks.Deposits with central banks generate low returns. Consequently, the elevated levels of these transient deposits have contributed to a reduction of our net interest margin relative to historical levels.
The deposits with central banks are also included in our total consolidated assets, and lower deposit levels impact our regulatory leverage ratios. If global interest rates increase, we would expect to see some additional decreases in client deposits. In general, we continue to anticipate higher levels of client deposits when compared to longer-term historical trends, irrespective of the interest rate environment, particularly during periods of market stress. If ECB monetary policy continues to pressure European interest rates downward and the U.S. dollar remains strong or strengthens, the negative effects on our net interest revenue may continue or worsen.
The effect of the stronger U.S. dollar relative to other currencies, also negatively impacted our net interest revenue particularly the Euro, as we maintain a portion of our investment portfolio in Euro denominated securities.  The stronger U.S. dollar had the effect of reducing net interest revenue by approximately $4 million in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015.
We recorded aggregate discount accretion in interest revenue of $14 million in the first quarter of 2016 related to the assets we consolidated onto our balance sheet in 2009 from our asset-backed commercial paper conduits. Subsequent to the commercial paper conduit consolidation in 2009, we
have recorded total discount accretion in interest revenue as follows:
TABLE 5: TOTAL DISCOUNT ACCRETION IN INTEREST REVENUE
 Discount Accretion in Interest Revenue
(In millions)
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2009$621
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2010712
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2011220
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2012215
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2013137
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2014119
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 201598
Three Months Ended March 31, 201614
Total Discount Accretion$2,136
The timing and ultimate recognition of any applicable discount accretion depends, in part, on factors that are outside of our control, including anticipated prepayment speeds and credit quality. The impact of these factors is uncertain and can be significantly influenced by general economic and financial market conditions. The timing and recognition of any applicable discount accretion can also be influenced by our ongoing management of the risks and other characteristics associated with our investment securities portfolio, including sales of securities which would otherwise generate interest revenue through accretion.
Depending on the factors discussed above, among others, we anticipate that until the former conduit securities remaining in our investment portfolio mature or are sold, discount accretion will continue to contribute to our net interest revenue, though generally in declining amounts. Assuming that we hold them to maturity, all else being equal, we expect the remaining former conduit securities carried in our investment portfolio as of March 31, 2016 to generate aggregate discount accretion in future periods of approximately $50$201 million over their remaining terms, with approximately half of this discount accretion to be recorded over the next four years.
Interest-bearing deposits with banks averaged $48.55 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 compared to $71.57 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2015 and weaker international equity markets,reflect management’s effort to reduce elevated client deposit levels as a component of our balance sheet management actions. These deposits reflected our maintenance of cash balances at the Federal Reserve, the ECB and other non-U.S. central banks both to satisfy regulatory reserve requirements, and elevated levels of client deposits and our investment of the excess deposits with central banks.


13


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

We expect to continue to invest deposits we deem as elevated in investment securities or short-term assets, including central bank deposits, depending on our assessment of the underlying characteristics of the deposits.
TABLE 6: U.S. AND NON-U.S. SHORT-DURATION ADVANCES
 Quarters Ended March 31,
(In millions)2016 2015
Average U.S. short-duration advances$2,230
 $2,364
Average non-U.S. short-duration advances1,264
 1,520
Average total short-duration advances$3,494
 $3,884
Average short-duration advances to average loans and leases19% 22%
The decline in the proportion of average daily short-duration advances to average loans and leases is primarily due to growth in the other segments of the loan and lease portfolio. Short-duration advances provide liquidity to clients in support of their investment activities.
Average other interest-earning assets increased to $22.67 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 from $20.54 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2015. Growth in our enhanced custody business, which is our principal securities financing business for our custody clients, contributed to this increase. Our average other interest-earning assets, largely associated with our enhanced custody business, comprised approximately 12% of our average total interest-earning assets for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 compared to approximately 9% for the quarter ended March 31, 2015. The enhanced custody business supports our overall profitability by generating securities finance revenue. The net interest earned on these transactions is generally lower than the interest earned on other alternative investments.
Aggregate average interest-bearing deposits decreased to $120.07 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 from $134.01 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2015. The lower levels in the first quarter of 2016 were primarily the result of managements actions to reduce both U.S. and non-U.S. transaction accounts, offset by increases in time deposits. Future deposit levels will be influenced by the underlying asset servicing business, client deposit behavior, as well as market conditions, including the general levels of U.S. and non-U.S. interest rates.
Average other short-term borrowings declined to $1.69 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 from $4.45 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2015. The decrease was the result of State Street phasing-out its commercial paper program during 2015, consistent with the objectives of its 2015 recovery and resolution plan developed pursuant to the requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act.
Average long-term debt increased to $11.03 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 from $9.71 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2015. The increase primarily reflected the issuance of $3.0 billion of senior debt issued in August 2015 which was offset by a $900 million extendible note called at the end of February 2015 and the maturities of $200 million of senior debt in December 2015, $400 million of senior debt in January 2016 and $1.0 billion of senior debt in March 2016.
Average other interest-bearing liabilities decreased to $5.95 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 from $7.47 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2015, primarily the result of higher levels of cash collateral received from clients in connection with our enhanced custody business, which is presented on a net basis in accordance with enforceable netting agreements.
Average loans and leases also include short-duration advances. Average short-duration advances remained relatively flat for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2015.
Several factors could affect future levels of our net interest revenue and margin, including the volume and mix of client liabilities; actions of various central banks; changes in U.S. and non-U.S. interest rates; changes in the various yield curves around the world; revised or proposed regulatory capital or liquidity standards, or interpretations of those standards; the amount of discount accretion generated by the former conduit securities that remain in our investment securities portfolio; the yields earned on securities purchased compared to the yields earned on securities sold or matured; and changes in our enhanced custody business.
Based on market conditions and other factors, including regulatory requirements, we continue to reinvest the majority of the proceeds from pay-downs and maturities of investment securities in highly-rated securities, such as U.S. Treasury and agency securities, municipal securities, federal agency mortgage-backed securities and U.S. and non-U.S. mortgage- and asset-backed securities. The pace at which we continue to reinvest and the types of investment securities purchased will depend on the impact of market conditions, the implementation of regulatory standards, and other factors over time. We expect these factors and the levels of global interest rates to influence what effect our reinvestment program will have on future levels of our net interest revenue and net interest margin.


14


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

EXPENSES
TABLE 7: EXPENSES     
 Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 % Change
Compensation and employee benefits$1,107
 $1,087
 2 %
Information systems and communications272
 247
 10
Transaction processing services200
 197
 2
Occupancy113
 113
 
Acquisition costs7
 5
 40
Restructuring charges, net97
 1
 nm
Other:     
Professional services93
 96
 (3)
Amortization of other intangible assets49
 50
 (2)
Securities processing costs4
 20
 (80)
Regulatory fees and assessments20
 34
 (41)
Other88
 247
 (64)
Total other254
 447
 (43)
Total expenses$2,050
 $2,097
 (2)
Number of employees at quarter-end32,527
 30,495
  
nm Not meaningful
Compensation and employee benefits expenses increased 2% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The increase in costs was primarily due to additional staffing to support regulatory initiatives and new business, partially offset by net new business and higher transaction volumes. In the nine months ended September 30, 2015, servicing fees increased 2% compared to the same period in 2014, primarily as a result of the positive revenue impact of net new business (revenue added from new servicing business installed less revenue lost from the removal of assets serviced) and stronger U.S. equity markets, offset by the impacteffect of the stronger U.S. dollar and weaker international markets. In bothdecreases in incentive compensation and benefits.
Compensation and employee benefits expenses in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016 and the first nine monthsquarter of 2015 servicingincluded approximately $122 million and $137 million, respectively, of seasonal deferred incentive compensation expense for retirement-eligible employees and payroll taxes.
Information systems and communications expenses increased 10% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The increase was primarily related to new software and systems going into production for corporate and regulatory initiatives and maintenance and new business, as well as additional related depreciation costs supporting these investments.
Other expenses decreased 43% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The decrease was primarily due to legal accruals of $150 million in the first quarter of 2015. No such costs related to legal proceedings were accrued in the first quarter of 2016. The decrease was also driven by lower levels of professional services and lower insurance expenses related to lower assessment fees from the FDIC. The legal accrual is further discussed under "Legal and Regulatory Matters" in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Our compliance obligations have increased due to new regulations in the U.S. and internationally that have been adopted or proposed in response to the financial crisis. As a systemically important financial institution, we are subject to enhanced supervision and prudential standards. Our status as a G-SIB has also resulted in heightened prudential and conduct expectations of our U.S. and international regulators with respect to our capital and liquidity management and our compliance and risk oversight programs. These heightened expectations have increased our regulatory compliance costs, including personnel and systems, as well as significant additional implementation and related costs to enhance our regulatory compliance programs. We anticipate that these evolving and increasing regulatory compliance requirements and expectations, including our efforts to address the deficiencies identified in our resolution plan submitted to the Federal Reserve and FDIC on July 1, 2015 as discussed within the Liquidity Risk Management section included within this Form 10-Q, will continue to affect our expenses. Our employee compensation and benefits, information systems and other expenses could increase, as we further adjust our operations in response to new or proposed requirements and heightened expectations.
Acquisition Costs
In the first quarter of 2016, we recorded acquisition costs of $7 million, compared to $5 million in the first quarter of 2015. These amounts related to previously announced acquisitions.
Restructuring Charges
In the first quarter of 2016, we announced State Street Beacon, our multi-year transformation program to create cost efficiencies and to fully digitize our business to support the development of new solutions and capabilities for our clients.
To implement State Street Beacon, we expect to incur aggregate future pre-tax restructuring charges of approximately $300 million to $400 million beginning in 2016 through December 31, 2020. We estimate those charges will include approximately $250 million to $300 million in severance and benefits costs associated with targeted staff reductions (a substantial portion of which will result in future cash expenditures) and approximately $50 million to $100 million in information technology application rationalization and real estate actions.
In the first quarter of 2016, we recorded net restructuring charges of $97 million compared to $1 million in the first quarter of 2015. Increases in costs were primarily due to State Street Beacon, consisting of approximately $86 million of employee-related expenses and approximately $11 million of other restructuring costs.


15


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

INCOME TAX EXPENSE
Income tax expense was $62 million in the first quarter of 2016 compared to $94 million in the first quarter of 2015. Our effective tax rate in the first quarter of 2016 was 14.4% compared to 18.8% for the same period in 2015. The decrease in the tax rate is primarily due to additional alternative energy investments and foreign tax credits, as well as the effects of a non-deductible legal accrual in the first quarter of 2015.
LINE OF BUSINESS INFORMATION
Our operations are organized for management reporting purposes into two lines of business: Investment Servicing and Investment Management, which are defined based on products and services provided. The results of operations for these lines of business are not necessarily comparable with those of other companies, including companies in the financial services industry. For information about our two lines of business, as well as the revenues, expenses and capital allocation methodologies associated with them, refer to Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements included in our 2015 Form 10-K.
Investment Servicing
TABLE 8: INVESTMENT SERVICING LINE OF BUSINESS RESULTS
 Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions, except where otherwise noted)2016 2015 % Change
Servicing fees$1,242
 $1,268
 (2)%
Trading services262
 315
 (17)
Securities finance134
 101
 33
Processing fees and other45
 59
 (24)
Total fee revenue1,683
 1,743
 (3)
Net interest revenue511
 545
 (6)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net2
 (1) nm
Total revenue2,196
 2,287
 (4)
Provision for loan losses4
 4
 
Total expenses1,687
 1,836
 (8)
Income before income tax expense$505
 $447
 13
Pre-tax margin23% 20%  
nm- Not meaningful
Total revenue in the first quarter of 2016 for our Investment Servicing line of business, presented in Table 8: Investment Servicing Line of Business Results, decreased 4% compared to the first quarter of 2015. Total fee revenue decreased 3% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015.
Net interest revenue decreased 6% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The decrease was generally the result of our efforts to optimize our capital position, lower yields on interest-earning assets, as well as lower global interest rates, which affect our revenue from floating-
rate assets, and the effect of the stronger U.S. dollar, partially offset by the benefit of higher levels of interest-earning assets. A discussion of net interest revenue is provided under “Net Interest Revenue” in “Total Revenue” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.
Total expenses decreased 8% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The decrease primarily resulted from expenses for a legal accrual recorded in first quarter of 2015 in connection with management's intention to seek to resolve some, but not all, of the outstanding and potential claims arising out of our indirect FX client activities recorded in the first quarter of 2015.
In December 2015, we announced a review of the manner in which we invoiced certain expenses to certain of our Investment Servicing clients, primarily in the United States, during a period going back to 1998. We have informed our clients that we will pay to them the expenses we concluded were incorrectly invoiced to them, plus interest. In conjunction with that review, we are evaluating other aspects of invoicing relating to billing our Investment Servicing clients, including calculation of asset-based fees. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Servicing Fees
Servicing fees decreased 2% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015, primarily due to lower global equity markets and the effect of the stronger U.S. dollar, partially offset by net new business.
Servicing fees generated outside the U.S. were approximately 41% of total servicing fees compared to 42% for bothin the third quarterquarters ended March 31, 2016 and first nine months2015.
TABLE 9: COMPONENTS OF ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND ADMINISTRATION
(In billions) March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 March 31, 2015
Mutual funds $6,728
 $6,768
 $7,073
Collective funds 7,000
 7,088
 7,113
Pension products 5,197
 5,510
 5,745
Insurance and other products 8,018
 8,142
 8,560
Total $26,943
 $27,508
 $28,491
TABLE 10: COMPOSITION OF ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND ADMINISTRATION
(In billions) March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 March 31, 2015
Equities $14,433
 $14,888
 $15,660
Fixed-income 9,199
 9,264
 9,157
Short-term and other investments 3,311
 3,356
 3,674
Total $26,943
 $27,508
 $28,491


16


The decreaseMANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

TABLE 11: GEORGRAPHIC MIX OF ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND ADMINISTRATION(1)
(In billions) March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 March 31, 2015
North America $20,505
 $20,842
 $21,554
Europe/Middle East/Africa 5,159
 5,387
 5,590
Asia/Pacific 1,279
 1,279
 1,347
Total $26,943
 $27,508
 $28,491
(1) Geographic mix is based on the location in totalwhich the assets under custody and administration as of September 30, 2015 compared to both December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2014 primarily resulted from weaker global equity markets, partially offset by net new business. are serviced.
Asset levels as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 did not reflect the estimated $141$401.8 billion of new business in assets to be serviced, which was awarded to us in the thirdfirst quarter of 20152016 and prior periods but not installed prior to September 30, 2015.March 31, 2016. This new business will be reflected in assets under custody and administration in future periods after installation and will generate servicing fee revenue in subsequent periods.
With respect to these new assets, we will provide various services, including accounting, bank loan servicing, compliance reporting and monitoring, custody, depository banking services, foreign
exchange, fund administration, hedge fund servicing, middle-office outsourcing, performance and analytics, private equity administration, real estate administration, securities finance, transfer agency, and wealth management services.
The value of assets under custody and administration is a broad measure of the relative size of various markets served. Changes in the values of assets under custody and administration from period to period do not necessarily result in proportional changes in our servicing fee revenue.
TABLE 4: COMPONENTS OF ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND ADMINISTRATION
(Dollars in billions) September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 September 30, 2014
Mutual funds $6,698
 $6,992
 $7,035
Collective funds 6,883
 6,949
 6,919
Pension products 5,497
 5,746
 5,780
Insurance and other products 8,187
 8,501
 8,731
Total $27,265
 $28,188
 $28,465
TABLE 5: COMPOSITION OF ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND ADMINISTRATION
(Dollars in billions) September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 September 30, 2014
Equities $14,223
 $15,876
 $15,616
Fixed-income 9,470
 8,739
 9,298
Short-term and other investments 3,572
 3,573
 3,551
Total $27,265
 $28,188
 $28,465
Trading Services
TABLE 6: GEOGRAPHIC MIX OF ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND ADMINISTRATION(1)
(Dollars in billions) September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 September 30, 2014
North America $20,536
 $21,217
 $21,255
Europe/Middle East/Africa 5,452
 5,633
 5,869
Asia/Pacific 1,277
 1,338
 1,341
Total $27,265
 $28,188
 $28,465
TABLE 12: TRADING SERVICES REVENUE
 Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 % Change
Foreign exchange trading:     
Direct sales and trading$90
 $135
 (33)%
Indirect foreign exchange trading66
 68
 (3)
Total foreign exchange trading156
 203
 (23)
Brokerage and other trading services:     
Electronic foreign exchange services44
 48
 (8)
Other trading, transition management and brokerage62
 64
 (3)
Total brokerage and other trading services106
 112
 (5)
Total trading services revenue$262
 $315
 (17)
Trading services revenue is composed of revenue generated by FX trading, as well as revenue generated by brokerage and other trading services. We primarily earn FX trading revenue by acting as a principal market-maker. We offer a range of FX products, services and execution models. Most of our FX products and execution services can be grouped into three broad categories, which are further
explained below: “direct sales and trading,” “indirect FX trading” and “electronic FX services.” With respect to electronic FX services, we provide an execution venue, but do not act as agent or principal.
We also offer a range of brokerage and other trading products tailored specifically to meet the needs of the global pension community, including transition management and commission recapture. In addition, we act as distribution agent for the SPDR(1) ®Geographic Gold ETF. These products and services are generally differentiated by our role as an agent of the institutional investor. Revenue earned from these services is recorded in other trading, transition management and brokerage revenue within brokerage and other trading services revenue.
Our FX trading revenue is influenced by multiple factors, including: the volume and type of client FX transactions and related spreads; currency volatility, reflecting market conditions; and our management of exchange rate, interest rate and other market risks associated with our foreign exchange activities. The relative impact of these factors on our total FX trading revenues often differs from period to period. For example, assuming all other factors remain constant, increases or decreases in volumes or spreads across product mix tend to result in increases or decreases, as the case may be, in client-related FX revenue. Revenue earned from direct sales and trading and indirect FX trading is based onrecorded in FX trading revenue.
Total FX trading revenue decreased 23% in the locationfirst quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015, primarily due to lower volumes and volatility.
We enter into FX transactions with clients and investment managers that contact our trading desk directly. These trades are all executed at whichnegotiated rates. We refer to this activity, and our principal market-making activities, as “direct sales and trading” and it includes many transactions for funds serviced by third party custodians or prime brokers, as well as those funds under custody at State Street. Direct sales and trading revenue represented 58% of total foreign exchange trading revenue in the assetsfirst quarter of 2016 compared to 67% in the first quarter of 2015.
Alternatively, clients or their investment managers may elect to route FX transactions to our FX desk through our asset-servicing operation; we refer to this activity as “indirect FX trading” and, in all cases, we are serviced.the funds' custodian. We execute indirect FX trades as a principal at rates disclosed to our clients. Estimated indirect sales and trading revenue represented 42% of total foreign exchange trading revenue in the first quarter of 2016 as compared to 33% in the first quarter of 2015. We calculate revenue for indirect FX trading using an attribution methodology. This methodology takes into consideration estimated mark-ups/downs and


1117


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

observed client volumes. Direct sales and trading revenue is all other FX trading revenue other than the revenue attributed to indirect FX trading.
Our clients that utilize indirect FX trading can, in addition to executing their FX transactions through dealers not affiliated with us, transition from indirect FX trading to either direct sales and trading execution, including our “Street FX” service, or to one of our electronic trading platforms. Street FX, in which we continue to act as a principal market-maker, enables our clients to define their FX execution strategy and automate the FX trade execution process, both for funds under custody with us as well as those under custody at another bank.
Our direct sales and trading revenue decreased 33% in the first quarter of 2016 as compared to the first quarter of 2015. The decrease primarily resulted from lower volumes and volatility. Our estimated indirect FX trading revenue decreased 3% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The decrease mainly resulted from lower volume.
We continue to expect that some clients may choose, over time, to reduce their level of indirect FX trading transactions in favor of other execution methods, including either direct sales and trading transactions or electronic FX services which we provide. To the extent that clients shift to other execution methods that we provide, our FX trading revenue may decrease, even if volumes remain consistent.
Total brokerage and other trading services revenue decreased 5% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The decrease was primarily due to a one-time gain recorded in the first quarter of 2015.
Our clients may choose to execute FX transactions through one of our electronic trading platforms. These transactions generate revenue through a “click” fee. Revenue from such electronic FX services decreased 8% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015, mainly due to declines in client volumes.
Other trading, transition management and brokerage revenue decreased 3% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015, primarily due to a decrease in transition management revenue, partially offset by an increase in other trading revenue.
In recent years, our transition management revenue was adversely affected by compliance issues in our U.K. business during 2010 and 2011. The reputational and regulatory impact of those compliance issues continues and may adversely affect our revenue in future periods. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Securities Finance
Our securities finance business consists of three components: (1) an agency lending program for SSGA-managed investment funds with a broad range of investment objectives, which we refer to as the SSGA lending funds, (2) an agency lending program for third-party investment managers and asset owners, which we refer to as the agency lending funds and (3) security lending transactions which we enter into as principal, which we refer to as our enhanced custody business.
See Table 8: Investment Servicing Line of Business Results, for the comparison of securities finance revenue for the quarters ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
Securities finance revenue earned from our agency lending activities, which is composed of our split of both the spreads related to cash collateral and the fees related to non-cash collateral, is principally a function of the volume of securities on loan, the interest-rate spreads and fees earned on the underlying collateral, and our share of the fee split.
As principal, our enhanced custody business borrows securities from the lending client and then lends such securities to the subsequent borrower, either a State Street client or a broker/dealer. We act as principal when the lending client is unable to, or elects not to, transact directly with the market and execute the transaction and furnish the securities. In our role as principal, we provide support to the transaction through our credit rating. While we source a significant proportion of the securities furnished by us in our role as principal from third parties, we have the ability to source securities through our assets under custody and administration from clients who have designated State Street as an eligible borrower.
Securities finance revenue increased 33% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The increase was primarily the result of growth in our enhanced custody business and higher agency lending.
Market influences may continue to affect client demand for securities finance, and as a result our revenue from, and the profitability of, our securities lending activities in future periods. In addition, the constantly evolving regulatory environment may affect the volume of our securities lending activity and related revenue and profitability in future periods.
Processing Fees and Other
Processing fees and other revenue includes diverse types of fees and revenue, including fees from our structured products business, fees from software licensing and maintenance, equity income from our joint venture investments, gains and losses


18


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

on sales of leased equipment and other assets, and amortization of our tax-advantaged investments.
Processing fees and other revenue, presented in Table 8: Investment Servicing Line of Business Results, decreased 24% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015, primarily due to lower income from equity method investments.
Investment Management
TABLE 13: INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LINE OF BUSINESS RESULTS
 Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions, except where otherwise noted)2016 2015 % Change
Management fees$270
 $301
 (10)%
Trading services10
 9
 11
Processing fees and other7
 2
 nm
Total fee revenue287
 312
 (8)
Net interest revenue1
 1
 
Total revenue288
 313
 (8)
Total expenses256
 256
 
Income before income tax expense$32
 $57
 (44)
Pre-tax margin11% 18%  
nm Not meaningful
Total revenue for our Investment Management Line of Business, presented in Table 13: Investment Management Line of Business Results, decreased 8% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. Total fee revenue decreased 8% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015.
Total expenses were flat in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015 resulting from increases in regulatory and compliance costs, offset by declines in other operating expenses.
Management FeesTrading Services
Management fees
TABLE 12: TRADING SERVICES REVENUE
 Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 % Change
Foreign exchange trading:     
Direct sales and trading$90
 $135
 (33)%
Indirect foreign exchange trading66
 68
 (3)
Total foreign exchange trading156
 203
 (23)
Brokerage and other trading services:     
Electronic foreign exchange services44
 48
 (8)
Other trading, transition management and brokerage62
 64
 (3)
Total brokerage and other trading services106
 112
 (5)
Total trading services revenue$262
 $315
 (17)
Trading services revenue is composed of revenue generated by FX trading, as well as revenue generated by brokerage and other trading services. We primarily earn FX trading revenue by acting as a principal market-maker. We offer a range of FX products, services and execution models. Most of our FX products and execution services can be grouped into three broad categories, which are further
explained below: “direct sales and trading,” “indirect FX trading” and “electronic FX services.” With respect to electronic FX services, we provide an execution venue, but do not act as agent or principal.
We also offer a range of brokerage and other trading products tailored specifically to meet the needs of the global pension community, including transition management and commission recapture. In addition, we act as distribution agent for the SPDR® Gold ETF. These products and services are generally differentiated by our role as an agent of the institutional investor. Revenue earned from these services is recorded in other trading, transition management and brokerage revenue within brokerage and other trading services revenue.
Our FX trading revenue is influenced by multiple factors, including: the volume and type of client FX transactions and related spreads; currency volatility, reflecting market conditions; and our management of exchange rate, interest rate and other market risks associated with our foreign exchange activities. The relative impact of these factors on our total FX trading revenues often differs from period to period. For example, assuming all other factors remain constant, increases or decreases in volumes or spreads across product mix tend to result in increases or decreases, as the case may be, in client-related FX revenue. Revenue earned from direct sales and trading and indirect FX trading is recorded in FX trading revenue.
Total FX trading revenue decreased 23% in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2015 decreased 9% and 2%, respectively,2016 compared to the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2014,2015, primarily due to the effectslower volumes and volatility.
We enter into FX transactions with clients and investment managers that contact our trading desk directly. These trades are all executed at negotiated rates. We refer to this activity, and our principal market-making activities, as “direct sales and trading” and it includes many transactions for funds serviced by third party custodians or prime brokers, as well as those funds under custody at State Street. Direct sales and trading revenue represented 58% of the stronger U.S. dollar.
The stronger U.S. dollar had the effect of reducing management fees by approximately $11 milliontotal foreign exchange trading revenue in the thirdfirst quarter of 20152016 compared to 67% in the same periodfirst quarter of 2015.
Alternatively, clients or their investment managers may elect to route FX transactions to our FX desk through our asset-servicing operation; we refer to this activity as “indirect FX trading” and, in 2014.
Management fees generated outsideall cases, we are the U.S. were approximately 34%funds' custodian. We execute indirect FX trades as a principal at rates disclosed to our clients. Estimated indirect sales and 35%, respectively,trading revenue represented 42% of total management fees forforeign exchange trading revenue in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2015,2016 as compared to 38% and 37%, respectively, for the same periods in 2014.
TABLE 7: ASSETS UNDER MANAGMENT BY ASSET CLASS AND INVESTMENT APPROACH
(Dollars in billions) September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 September 30, 2014
Equity:      
   Active $29
 $39
 $40
   Passive 1,237
 1,436
 1,371
Total Equity 1,266
 1,475
 1,411
Fixed-Income:      
   Active 16
 17
 16
   Passive 300
 302
 322
Total Fixed-Income 316
 319
 338
Cash(1)
 380
 399
 410
Multi-Asset-Class Solutions:      
   Active 26
 30
 34
   Passive 85
 97
 104
Total Multi-Asset-Class Solutions 111
 127
 138
Alternative Investments(2):
      
   Active 17
 17
 17
   Passive 113
 111
 107
Total Alternative Investments 130
 128
 124
Total $2,203
 $2,448
 $2,421
(1) Includes both floating- and constant-net-asset-value portfolios held in commingled structures or separate accounts.
(2) Includes real estate investment trusts, currency and commodities, including SPDR® Gold Fund, for which State Street is not the investment manager, but acts as distribution agent.
TABLE 8: EXCHANGE-TRADED FUNDS BY ASSET CLASS(1)
(Dollars in billions) September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 September 30, 2014
Alternative Investments(2)
 $35
 $38
 $40
Cash 3
 1
 1
Equity 323
 388
 338
Fixed-income 39
 39
 37
Total Exchange-Traded Funds $400
 $466
 $416
(1) ETFs are a component of assets under management presented33% in the preceding table.
(2) Includes SPDR® Gold Fund,first quarter of 2015. We calculate revenue for which State Street is not the investment manager, but acts as distribution agent.
TABLE 9: GEOGRAPHIC MIX OF ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT(1)
(Dollars in billions) September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 September 30, 2014
North America $1,409
 $1,568
 $1,502
Europe/Middle East/Africa 500
 559
 565
Asia/Pacific 294
 321
 354
Total $2,203
 $2,448
 $2,421
(1) Geographic mix is based on client location or fund management location.
In asset management, we experienced net outflows of approximately $133 billion between December 31, 2014indirect FX trading using an attribution methodology. This methodology takes into consideration estimated mark-ups/downs and September 30, 2015 primarily composed of approximately $82 billion of net outflows from long-term institutional portfolios, approximately $33 billion of net outflows from ETFs and approximately $18 billion of outflows from cash products. The decrease in total assets under management at September 30, 2015 compared to December 31, 2014 resulted primarily from outflows from SPY, our S&P 500 ETF, outflows from institutional equity products driven by client re-balancing and cash needs, weaker global equity market levels and the impact of the strengthening U.S. dollar. The decrease in total assets under management as of September 30, 2015 compared to September 30, 2014 resulted from net outflows and the strengthening U.S. dollar, partially offset by stronger U.S. equity markets.


1217


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

TABLE 10: ACTIVITY IN ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT BY PRODUCT CATEGORY
(In billions)Equity Fixed-Income 
Cash(2)
 Multi-Asset-Class Solutions 
Alternative Investments(3)
 Total
Balance as of September 30, 2014$1,411
 $338
 $410
 $138
 $124
 $2,421
Long-term institutional inflows(1)
85
 20
 
 7
 4
 116
Long-term institutional outflows(1)
(80) (45) 
 (9) (3) (137)
Long-term institutional flows, net5
 (25) 
 (2) 1
 (21)
ETF flows, net37
 2
 1
 
 (2) 38
Cash fund flows, net
 
 (10) 
 
 (10)
Total flows, net42
 (23) (9) (2) (1) 7
Market appreciation39
 14
 
 (7) 9
 55
Foreign exchange impact(17) (10) (2) (2) (4) (35)
Total market/foreign exchange impact22
 4
 (2) (9) 5
 20
Balance as of December 31, 20141,475
 319
 399
 127
 128
 2,448
Long-term institutional inflows(1)
218
 48
 
 42
 30
 338
Long-term institutional outflows(1)
(291) (48) 
 (53) (28) (420)
Long-term institutional flows, net(73) 
 
 (11) 2
 (82)
ETF flows, net(38) 3
 2
 
 
 (33)
Cash fund flows, net
 
 (18) 
 
 (18)
Total flows, net(111) 3
 (16) (11) 2
 (133)
Market appreciation(79) 
 
 (2) 9
 (72)
Foreign exchange impact(19) (6) (3) (3) (9) (40)
Total market/foreign exchange impact(98) (6) (3) (5) 
 (112)
Balance as of September 30, 2015$1,266
 $316
 $380
 $111
 $130
 $2,203
observed client volumes. Direct sales and trading revenue is all other FX trading revenue other than the revenue attributed to indirect FX trading.
Our clients that utilize indirect FX trading can, in addition to executing their FX transactions through dealers not affiliated with us, transition from indirect FX trading to either direct sales and trading execution, including our “Street FX” service, or to one of our electronic trading platforms. Street FX, in which we continue to act as a principal market-maker, enables our clients to define their FX execution strategy and automate the FX trade execution process, both for funds under custody with us as well as those under custody at another bank.
Our direct sales and trading revenue decreased 33% in the first quarter of 2016 as compared to the first quarter of 2015. The decrease primarily resulted from lower volumes and volatility. Our estimated indirect FX trading revenue decreased 3% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The decrease mainly resulted from lower volume.
We continue to expect that some clients may choose, over time, to reduce their level of indirect FX trading transactions in favor of other execution methods, including either direct sales and trading transactions or electronic FX services which we provide. To the extent that clients shift to other execution methods that we provide, our FX trading revenue may decrease, even if volumes remain consistent.
Total brokerage and other trading services revenue decreased 5% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The decrease was primarily due to a one-time gain recorded in the first quarter of 2015.
Our clients may choose to execute FX transactions through one of our electronic trading platforms. These transactions generate revenue through a “click” fee. Revenue from such electronic FX services decreased 8% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015, mainly due to declines in client volumes.
Other trading, transition management and brokerage revenue decreased 3% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015, primarily due to a decrease in transition management revenue, partially offset by an increase in other trading revenue.
In recent years, our transition management revenue was adversely affected by compliance issues in our U.K. business during 2010 and 2011. The reputational and regulatory impact of those compliance issues continues and may adversely affect our revenue in future periods. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Securities Finance
Our securities finance business consists of three components: (1) Amounts represent long-term portfolios, excluding ETFs.an agency lending program for SSGA-managed investment funds with a broad range of investment objectives, which we refer to as the SSGA lending funds, (2) an agency lending program for third-party investment managers and asset owners, which we refer to as the agency lending funds and (3) security lending transactions which we enter into as principal, which we refer to as our enhanced custody business.
(2) IncludesSee Table 8: Investment Servicing Line of Business Results, for the comparison of securities finance revenue for the quarters ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
Securities finance revenue earned from our agency lending activities, which is composed of our split of both floating-the spreads related to cash collateral and constant-net-asset-value portfolios held in commingled structures or separate accounts.the fees related to non-cash collateral, is principally a function of the volume of securities on loan, the interest-rate spreads and fees earned on the underlying collateral, and our share of the fee split.
(3) Includes real estate investment trusts, currencyAs principal, our enhanced custody business borrows securities from the lending client and commodities, including SPDR® Gold Fund, for whichthen lends such securities to the subsequent borrower, either a State Street client or a broker/dealer. We act as principal when the lending client is unable to, or elects not to, transact directly with the investment manager, but actsmarket and execute the transaction and furnish the securities. In our role as distribution agent.
The net outflowsprincipal, we provide support to the transaction through our credit rating. While we source a significant proportion of approximately $133 billionthe securities furnished by us in our role as principal from third parties, we have the ability to source securities through our assets under management between September 30, 2015custody and December 31, 2014 presentedadministration from clients who have designated State Street as an eligible borrower.
Securities finance revenue increased 33% in the preceding table did not include approximately $22 billionfirst quarter of new asset management2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The increase was primarily the result of growth in our enhanced custody business which was awardedand higher agency lending.
Market influences may continue to SSGA but not installedaffect client demand for securities finance, and as a result our revenue from, and the profitability of, September 30, 2015. This new business will be reflected in assets under managementour securities lending activities in future periods after installation,periods. In addition, the constantly evolving regulatory environment may affect the volume of our securities lending activity and will generate management feerelated revenue in subsequent periods. Net outflows in the third quarter reflect significant outflows from a single client.  This client is anticipated to continue its reallocations during the remainder of 2015 and into 2016. This reallocation will impact the AUM that we reportprofitability in future periods.
Total assets under management as
Processing Fees and Other
Processing fees and other revenue includes diverse types of September 30, 2015 included managed assets lost but not yet liquidated. Lostfees and revenue, including fees from our structured products business, occursfees from time to timesoftware licensing and it is difficult to predict the timing of client behavior in transitioning these assets. This timing can vary significantly.maintenance, equity income from our joint venture investments, gains and losses


1318


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

on sales of leased equipment and other assets, and amortization of our tax-advantaged investments.
Processing fees and other revenue, presented in Table 8: Investment Servicing Line of Business Results, decreased 24% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015, primarily due to lower income from equity method investments.
Investment Management
TABLE 13: INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LINE OF BUSINESS RESULTS
 Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions, except where otherwise noted)2016 2015 % Change
Management fees$270
 $301
 (10)%
Trading services10
 9
 11
Processing fees and other7
 2
 nm
Total fee revenue287
 312
 (8)
Net interest revenue1
 1
 
Total revenue288
 313
 (8)
Total expenses256
 256
 
Income before income tax expense$32
 $57
 (44)
Pre-tax margin11% 18%  
nm Not meaningful
Total revenue for our Investment Management Line of Business, presented in Table 13: Investment Management Line of Business Results, decreased 8% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. Total fee revenue decreased 8% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015.
Total expenses were flat in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015 resulting from increases in regulatory and compliance costs, offset by declines in other operating expenses.
Trading Services
TABLE 11: TRADING SERVICES REVENUE
TABLE 12: TRADING SERVICES REVENUETABLE 12: TRADING SERVICES REVENUE
Quarters Ended September 30,  Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions)2015 2014 % Change2016 2015 % Change
Foreign exchange trading:          
Direct sales and trading$108
 $101
 7 %$90
 $135
 (33)%
Indirect foreign exchange trading69
 60
 15
66
 68
 (3)
Total foreign exchange trading177
 161
 10
156
 203
 (23)
Brokerage and other trading services:          
Electronic foreign exchange services46
 44
 5
44
 48
 (8)
Other trading, transition management and brokerage71
 73
 (3)62
 64
 (3)
Total brokerage and other trading services117
 117
 
106
 112
 (5)
Total trading services revenue$294
 $278
 6
$262
 $315
 (17)
     
Nine Months Ended September 30,  
(Dollars in millions)2015 2014 % Change
Foreign exchange trading:     
Direct sales and trading$331
 $251
 32 %
Indirect foreign exchange trading216
 188
 15
Total foreign exchange trading547
 439
 25
Brokerage and other trading services:     
Electronic foreign exchange services138
 135
 2
Other trading, transition management and brokerage214
 217
 (1)
Total brokerage and other trading services352
 352
 
Total trading services revenue$899
 $791
 14
Trading services revenue is composed of revenue generated by foreign exchange, or FX trading, as well as revenue generated by brokerage and other trading services. We primarily earn FX trading revenue by acting as a principal market maker.market-maker. We offer a range of FX products, services and execution models. Most of our FX products and execution services can be grouped into three broad categories, which are further
explained below: “direct sales and trading,” “indirect FX trading” and “electronic FX services.” With respect to electronic FX services, we provide an execution venue, but do not act as agent or principal.
We also offer a range of brokerage and other trading products tailored specifically to meet the needs of the global pension community, including transition management and commission recapture. In addition, we act as distribution agent for the SPDR® Gold ETF. These products and services are generally differentiated by our role as an agent of the institutional investor. Revenue earned from these services is recorded in other trading, transition management and brokerage revenue within brokerage and other trading services revenue.
Our FX trading revenue is influenced by multiple factors, including: the volume and type of client FX
transactions and related spreads; currency volatility, reflecting market conditions; and our management of exchange rate, interest rate and other market risks associated with our foreign exchange activities. The relative impact of these factors on our total FX trading revenues often differs from period to period. For example, assuming all other factors remain constant, increases or decreases in volumes or spreads across product mix tend to result in increases or decreases, as the case may be, in client-related FX revenue. Revenue earned from direct sales and trading and indirect FX trading is recorded in FX trading revenue.
Total FX trading revenue increased 10% and 25%, fordecreased 23% in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2015, respectively,2016 compared to the same periods in 2014,first quarter of 2015, primarily the result of higher volatility, market making activitiesdue to lower volumes and client volumes.volatility.
We enter into FX transactions with clients and investment managers that contact our trading desk directly. These trades are all executed at negotiated rates. We refer to this activity, and our principal market-making activities, as “direct sales and trading” and it includes many transactions for funds serviced by third party custodians or prime brokers, as well as those funds under custody at State Street. Direct sales and trading revenue represented 61%58% of total foreign exchange trading revenue for bothin the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015, respectively, asfirst quarter of 2016 compared to 63% and 57%67% in the same periods in 2014.first quarter of 2015.
Alternatively, clients or their investment managers may elect to route FX transactions to our FX desk through our asset-servicing operation; we refer to this activity as “indirect FX trading,”trading” and, in all cases, we are the fundsfunds' custodian. We execute indirect FX trades as a principal at rates disclosed to our clients. Estimated indirect sales and trading revenue represented 39%42% of total foreign exchange trading revenue for bothin the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015, respectively,first quarter of 2016 as compared to 37% and 43%33% in the same periods in 2014.first quarter of 2015. We calculate revenue for indirect FX trading using an attribution methodology. This methodology takes into consideration estimated mark-ups/downs and


17


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

observed client volumes. Direct sales and trading revenue is all other FX trading revenue other than the revenue attributed to indirect FX trading.
Our clients that utilize indirect FX trading can, in addition to executing their FX transactions through dealers not affiliated with us, transition from indirect FX trading to either direct sales and trading execution, including our “Street FX” service, or to one of our electronic trading platforms. Street FX, in which we continue to act as a principal market maker,market-maker, enables our clients to define their FX execution strategy and automate the FX trade execution


14


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

process, both for funds under custody with us as well as those under custody at another bank.
Our direct sales and trading revenue increased 7% and 32%,decreased 33% in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2015, respectively,2016 as compared to the same periodsfirst quarter of 2014.2015. The increasesdecrease primarily resulted from higher currency volatility, market making activitieslower volumes and client volumes.volatility. Our estimated indirect FX trading revenue increased 15%decreased 3% in both the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2015, respectively,2016 compared to the same periodsfirst quarter of 2014.2015. The increasedecrease mainly resulted from higher currency volatility, client volumes and spreads.lower volume.
We continue to expect that some clients may choose, over time, to reduce their level of indirect FX trading transactions in favor of other execution methods, including either direct sales and trading transactions or electronic FX services which we provide. To the extent that clients shift to other execution methods that we provide, our FX trading revenue may decrease, even if volumes remain consistent.
Total brokerage and other trading services revenue was flatdecreased 5% in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2015,2016 compared to the same periodsfirst quarter of 2014. 2015. The decrease was primarily due to a one-time gain recorded in the first quarter of 2015.
Our clients may choose to execute FX transactions through one of our electronic trading platforms. These transactions generate revenue through a “click” fee. Revenue from such electronic FX services increased 5%decreased 8% in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015, and 2% for the first nine months of 2015 comparedmainly due to the same periods of 2014.declines in client volumes.
The 3% and 1% decrease in otherOther trading, transition management and brokerage revenue fordecreased 3% in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2015, respectively,2016 compared to the same periodsfirst quarter of 2014 was2015, primarily due to a decrease in transition management revenue, partially offset by an increase in other trading revenue.
In recent years, our transition management revenue was adversely affected by compliance issues in our U.K. business during 2010 and 2011. The reputational and regulatory impact of those compliance issues continues and may adversely affect our transition management revenue in future periods. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Securities FinanceEXPENSES
Our securities finance business consists of three components: (1) an agency lending program for SSGA-managed investment funds with a broad range of investment objectives, which we refer to as the SSGA lending funds, (2) an agency lending program for third-party investment managers and asset owners, which we refer to as the agency lending funds and (3) security lending transactions which we
TABLE 7: EXPENSES     
 Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 % Change
Compensation and employee benefits$1,107
 $1,087
 2 %
Information systems and communications272
 247
 10
Transaction processing services200
 197
 2
Occupancy113
 113
 
Acquisition costs7
 5
 40
Restructuring charges, net97
 1
 nm
Other:     
Professional services93
 96
 (3)
Amortization of other intangible assets49
 50
 (2)
Securities processing costs4
 20
 (80)
Regulatory fees and assessments20
 34
 (41)
Other88
 247
 (64)
Total other254
 447
 (43)
Total expenses$2,050
 $2,097
 (2)
Number of employees at quarter-end32,527
 30,495
  
enter into as principal, which we refer to as our enhanced custody business.
See Table 2: Total Revenue for the comparison of securities finance revenue for the third quarter
nm Not meaningful
Compensation and first nine months of 2015 and 2014.
Securities finance revenue earned from our agency lending activities, which is composed of our split of both the spreads related to cash collateral and the fees related to non-cash collateral, is principally a function of the volume of securities on loan, the interest-rate spreads and fees earned on the underlying collateral, and our share of the fee split.
 As principal, our enhanced custody business borrows securities from the lending client and then lends such securities to the subsequent borrower, either a State Street client or a broker/dealer. We act as principal when the lending client is unable to, or elects not to, transact directly with the market and requires us to execute the transaction and furnish the securities. In our role as principal, we provide support to the transaction through our credit rating. While we source a significant proportion of the securities furnished by us in our role as principal from third parties, we have the ability to source securities through our assets under custody and administration, from clients who have designated State Street as an eligible borrower.
Securities finance revenueemployee benefits expenses increased 14% and 11%,2% in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2015, respectively,2016 compared to the same periodsfirst quarter of 2014.2015. The increase in costs was primarily due to additional staffing to support regulatory initiatives and new business, partially offset by the effect of the stronger U.S. dollar and decreases in incentive compensation and benefits.
Compensation and employee benefits expenses in the first quarter of 2016 and the first quarter of 2015 included approximately $122 million and $137 million, respectively, of seasonal deferred incentive compensation expense for retirement-eligible employees and payroll taxes.
Information systems and communications expenses increased 10% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The increase was primarily related to new software and systems going into production for corporate and regulatory initiatives and maintenance and new business, as well as additional related depreciation costs supporting these investments.
Other expenses decreased 43% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The decrease was primarily due to legal accruals of $150 million in the first quarter of 2015. No such costs related to legal proceedings were accrued in the first quarter of 2016. The decrease was also driven by lower levels of professional services and lower insurance expenses related to lower assessment fees from the FDIC. The legal accrual is further discussed under "Legal and Regulatory Matters" in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Our compliance obligations have increased due to new regulations in the U.S. and internationally that have been adopted or proposed in response to the financial crisis. As a systemically important financial institution, we are subject to enhanced supervision and prudential standards. Our status as a G-SIB has also resulted in heightened prudential and conduct expectations of our U.S. and international regulators with respect to our capital and liquidity management and our compliance and risk oversight programs. These heightened expectations have increased our regulatory compliance costs, including personnel and systems, as well as significant additional implementation and related costs to enhance our regulatory compliance programs. We anticipate that these evolving and increasing regulatory compliance requirements and expectations, including our efforts to address the deficiencies identified in our resolution plan submitted to the Federal Reserve and FDIC on July 1, 2015 as discussed within the Liquidity Risk Management section included within this Form 10-Q, will continue to affect our expenses. Our employee compensation and benefits, information systems and other expenses could increase, as we further adjust our operations in response to new or proposed requirements and heightened expectations.
Acquisition Costs
In the first quarter of 2016, we recorded acquisition costs of $7 million, compared to $5 million in the first quarter of 2015. These amounts related to previously announced acquisitions.
Restructuring Charges
In the first quarter of 2016, we announced State Street Beacon, our multi-year transformation program to create cost efficiencies and to fully digitize our business to support the development of new solutions and capabilities for our clients.
To implement State Street Beacon, we expect to incur aggregate future pre-tax restructuring charges of approximately $300 million to $400 million beginning in 2016 through December 31, 2020. We estimate those charges will include approximately $250 million to $300 million in severance and benefits costs associated with targeted staff reductions (a substantial portion of which will result in future cash expenditures) and approximately $50 million to $100 million in information technology application rationalization and real estate actions.
In the first quarter of 2016, we recorded net restructuring charges of $97 million compared to $1 million in the first quarter of 2015. Increases in costs were primarily due to State Street Beacon, consisting of approximately $86 million of employee-related expenses and approximately $11 million of other restructuring costs.


15


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

INCOME TAX EXPENSE
Income tax expense was $62 million in the first quarter of 2016 compared to $94 million in the first quarter of 2015. Our effective tax rate in the first quarter of 2016 was 14.4% compared to 18.8% for the same period in 2015. The decrease in the tax rate is primarily due to additional alternative energy investments and foreign tax credits, as well as the effects of a non-deductible legal accrual in the first quarter of 2015.
LINE OF BUSINESS INFORMATION
Our operations are organized for management reporting purposes into two lines of business: Investment Servicing and Investment Management, which are defined based on products and services provided. The results of operations for these lines of business are not necessarily comparable with those of other companies, including companies in the financial services industry. For information about our two lines of business, as well as the revenues, expenses and capital allocation methodologies associated with them, refer to Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements included in our 2015 Form 10-K.
Investment Servicing
TABLE 8: INVESTMENT SERVICING LINE OF BUSINESS RESULTS
 Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions, except where otherwise noted)2016 2015 % Change
Servicing fees$1,242
 $1,268
 (2)%
Trading services262
 315
 (17)
Securities finance134
 101
 33
Processing fees and other45
 59
 (24)
Total fee revenue1,683
 1,743
 (3)
Net interest revenue511
 545
 (6)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net2
 (1) nm
Total revenue2,196
 2,287
 (4)
Provision for loan losses4
 4
 
Total expenses1,687
 1,836
 (8)
Income before income tax expense$505
 $447
 13
Pre-tax margin23% 20%  
nm- Not meaningful
Total revenue in the first quarter of 2016 for our Investment Servicing line of business, presented in Table 8: Investment Servicing Line of Business Results, decreased 4% compared to the first quarter of 2015. Total fee revenue decreased 3% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015.
Net interest revenue decreased 6% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The decrease was generally the result of new business from our enhanced custody business.
Market influences may continueefforts to affect client demand for securities finance, andoptimize our capital position, lower yields on interest-earning assets, as a resultwell as lower global interest rates, which affect our revenue from floating-
rate assets, and the profitabilityeffect of our securities lending activitiesthe stronger U.S. dollar, partially offset by the benefit of higher levels of interest-earning assets. A discussion of net interest revenue is provided under “Net Interest Revenue” in future periods. In addition, recently effective regulatory changes may affect the volume of our securities lending activity“Total Revenue” in this Management's Discussion and related revenue and profitability in future periods.
Processing Fees and OtherAnalysis.
Processing fees and other revenue includes diverse types of fees and revenue, including fees from our structured products business, fees from software licensing and maintenance, equity income from our joint venture investments, gains and losses on sales of leased equipment and other assets, and amortization of our tax-advantaged investments.
Processing fees and other revenue increased 606% and 69%,Total expenses decreased 8% in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2015, respectively,2016 compared to the same periodsfirst quarter of 2014, as shown2015. The decrease primarily resulted from expenses for a legal accrual recorded in Table 2: Total Revenue. The increasesfirst quarter of 2015 in connection with management's intention to seek to resolve some, but not all, of the outstanding and potential claims arising out of our indirect FX client activities recorded in the first quarter of 2015.
In December 2015, we announced a review of the manner in which we invoiced certain expenses to certain of our Investment Servicing clients, primarily in the United States, during a period going back to 1998. We have informed our clients that we will pay to them the expenses we concluded were mainlyincorrectly invoiced to them, plus interest. In conjunction with that review, we are evaluating other aspects of invoicing relating to billing our Investment Servicing clients, including calculation of asset-based fees. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Servicing Fees
Servicing fees decreased 2% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015, primarily due to lower global equity markets and the impacteffect of an $83 million pre-tax gain related to the salestronger U.S. dollar, partially offset by net new business.
Servicing fees generated outside the U.S. were approximately 41% of total servicing fees in the quarters ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
TABLE 9: COMPONENTS OF ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND ADMINISTRATION
(In billions) March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 March 31, 2015
Mutual funds $6,728
 $6,768
 $7,073
Collective funds 7,000
 7,088
 7,113
Pension products 5,197
 5,510
 5,745
Insurance and other products 8,018
 8,142
 8,560
Total $26,943
 $27,508
 $28,491
TABLE 10: COMPOSITION OF ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND ADMINISTRATION
(In billions) March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 March 31, 2015
Equities $14,433
 $14,888
 $15,660
Fixed-income 9,199
 9,264
 9,157
Short-term and other investments 3,311
 3,356
 3,674
Total $26,943
 $27,508
 $28,491


1516


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

commercial
TABLE 11: GEORGRAPHIC MIX OF ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND ADMINISTRATION(1)
(In billions) March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 March 31, 2015
North America $20,505
 $20,842
 $21,554
Europe/Middle East/Africa 5,159
 5,387
 5,590
Asia/Pacific 1,279
 1,279
 1,347
Total $26,943
 $27,508
 $28,491
(1) Geographic mix is based on the location in which the assets are serviced.
Asset levels as of March 31, 2016 did not reflect the estimated $401.8 billion of new business in assets to be serviced, which was awarded to us in the first quarter of 2016 and prior periods but not installed prior to March 31, 2016. This new business will be reflected in assets under custody and administration in future periods after installation and will generate servicing fee revenue in subsequent periods.
With respect to these new assets, we will provide various services, including accounting, bank loan servicing, compliance reporting and monitoring, custody, depository banking services, foreign exchange, fund administration, hedge fund servicing, middle-office outsourcing, performance and analytics, private equity administration, real estate acquiredadministration, securities finance, transfer agency, and wealth management services.
The value of assets under custody and administration is a broad measure of the relative size of various markets served. Changes in the values of assets under custody and administration from period to period do not necessarily result in proportional changes in our servicing fee revenue.
Trading Services
TABLE 12: TRADING SERVICES REVENUE
 Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 % Change
Foreign exchange trading:     
Direct sales and trading$90
 $135
 (33)%
Indirect foreign exchange trading66
 68
 (3)
Total foreign exchange trading156
 203
 (23)
Brokerage and other trading services:     
Electronic foreign exchange services44
 48
 (8)
Other trading, transition management and brokerage62
 64
 (3)
Total brokerage and other trading services106
 112
 (5)
Total trading services revenue$262
 $315
 (17)
Trading services revenue is composed of revenue generated by FX trading, as well as revenue generated by brokerage and other trading services. We primarily earn FX trading revenue by acting as a resultprincipal market-maker. We offer a range of the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy.
NET INTEREST REVENUE
See Table 2: Total Revenue, for the breakoutFX products, services and execution models. Most of interest revenueour FX products and interest expense for the quarters ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.
Net interest revenue is defined as interest revenue earned on interest-earning assets less interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities. Interest-earning assets,execution services can be grouped into three broad categories, which principally consist of investment securities, interest-bearing deposits with banks, repurchase agreements, loans and leases and other liquid assets, are financedfurther
 
primarily by client deposits, short-term borrowingsexplained below: “direct sales and long-term debt. Net interest margin representstrading,” “indirect FX trading” and “electronic FX services.” With respect to electronic FX services, we provide an execution venue, but do not act as agent or principal.
We also offer a range of brokerage and other trading products tailored specifically to meet the relationship between annualized fully taxable-equivalent net interest revenueneeds of the global pension community, including transition management and average total interest-earning assetscommission recapture. In addition, we act as distribution agent for the period. It is calculatedSPDR® Gold ETF. These products and services are generally differentiated by dividing fully taxable-equivalent net interest revenue by average interest-earning assets.our role as an agent of the institutional investor. Revenue that is exempt from income taxes, mainly that earned from certain investment securities (statethese services is recorded in other trading, transition management and political subdivisions),brokerage revenue within brokerage and other trading services revenue.
Our FX trading revenue is adjustedinfluenced by multiple factors, including: the volume and type of client FX transactions and related spreads; currency volatility, reflecting market conditions; and our management of exchange rate, interest rate and other market risks associated with our foreign exchange activities. The relative impact of these factors on our total FX trading revenues often differs from period to a fully taxable-equivalent basis using a federal statutory income tax rate of 35%, adjusted for applicable state income taxes, net ofperiod. For example, assuming all other factors remain constant, increases or decreases in volumes or spreads across product mix tend to result in increases or decreases, as the related federal tax benefit.


16case may be, in client-related FX revenue. Revenue earned from direct sales and trading and indirect FX trading is recorded in FX trading revenue.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

TABLE 12: AVERAGE BALANCES AND INTEREST RATES - FULLY TAXABLE-EQUIVALENT BASIS
 Quarters Ended September 30,
 2015 2014
(Dollars in millions; fully taxable-equivalent basis)
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Revenue/
Expense
 Rate 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Revenue/
Expense
 Rate
Interest-bearing deposits with banks$73,466
 $53
 .29% $63,160
 $53
 .33%
Securities purchased under resale agreements4,838
 18
 1.51
 3,249
 9
 1.05
Trading account assets1,338
 
 
 985
 
 
Investment securities100,175
 505
 2.02
 117,618
 586
 1.99
Loans and leases17,606
 79
 1.77
 16,002
 64
 1.59
Other interest-earning assets24,001
 2
 .03
 17,003
 2
 .05
Average total interest-earning assets$221,424
 $657
 1.18
 $218,017
 $714
 1.30
Interest-bearing deposits:           
U.S.$36,033
 $15
 .16% $24,144
 $7
 .11%
Non-U.S.101,297
 13
 .05
 114,756
 26
 .09
Securities sold under repurchase agreements9,220
 
 
 9,111
 
 
Federal funds purchased17
 
 
 18
 
 
Other short-term borrowings3,791
 1
 .18
 4,376
 
 
Long-term debt10,530
 62
 2.35
 9,020
 60
 2.64
Other interest-bearing liabilities4,463
 10
 .88
 7,386
 8
 .42
Average total interest-bearing liabilities$165,351
 $101
 .24
 $168,811
 $101
 .24
Interest-rate spread    .94%     1.06%
Net interest revenue—fully taxable-equivalent basis  $556
     $613
  
Net interest margin—fully taxable-equivalent basis    1.00%     1.12%
Tax-equivalent adjustment  (43)     (43)  
Net interest revenue—GAAP basis  $513
     $570
  
            
            
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2015 2014
(Dollars in millions; fully taxable-equivalent basis)
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Revenue/
Expense
 Rate 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Revenue/
Expense
 Rate
Interest-bearing deposits with banks$74,830
 $161
 .29% $50,153
 $138
 .37%
Securities purchased under resale agreements3,325
 45
 1.79
 4,717
 27
 .78
Trading account assets1,234
 
 
 947
 1
 .12
Investment securities107,216
 1,574
 1.96
 117,681
 1,752
 1.98
Loans and leases17,711
 229
 1.73
 15,227
 183
 1.61
Other interest-earning assets22,731
 7
 .04
 15,138
 5
 .04
Average total interest-earning assets$227,047
 $2,016
 1.19
 $203,863
 $2,106
 1.38
Interest-bearing deposits:           
U.S.$31,479
 $34
 .14% $19,016
 $12
 .09%
Non-U.S.105,347
 33
 .04
 108,492
 54
 .07
Securities sold under repurchase agreements9,576
 
 
 8,763
 
 
Federal funds purchased21
 
 
 19
 
 
Other short-term borrowings4,211
 5
 .16
 4,096
 4
 .12
Long-term debt9,809
 185
 2.51
 9,340
 186
 2.66
Other interest-bearing liabilities6,835
 34
 .65
 7,237
 34
 .62
Average total interest-bearing liabilities$167,278
 $291
 .23
 $156,963
 $290
 .25
Interest-rate spread    0.96%     1.13%
Net interest revenue—fully taxable-equivalent basis  $1,725
     $1,816
  
Net interest margin—fully taxable-equivalent basis    1.02%     1.19%
Tax-equivalent adjustment  (131)     (130)  
Net interest revenue—GAAP basis  $1,594
     $1,686
  
Net interestTotal FX trading revenue decreased 9% and 5%, on a fully taxable-equivalent basis23% in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2015, respectively,2016 compared to the same periodsfirst quarter of 2014. The decrease was
2015, primarily due to lower volumes and volatility.
We enter into FX transactions with clients and investment managers that contact our trading desk directly. These trades are all executed at negotiated rates. We refer to this activity, and our principal market-making activities, as “direct sales and trading” and it includes many transactions for funds serviced by third party custodians or prime brokers, as well as those funds under custody at State Street. Direct sales and trading revenue represented 58% of total foreign exchange trading revenue in the first quarter of 2016 compared to 67% in the first quarter of 2015.
generallyAlternatively, clients or their investment managers may elect to route FX transactions to our FX desk through our asset-servicing operation; we refer to this activity as “indirect FX trading” and, in all cases, we are the resultfunds' custodian. We execute indirect FX trades as a principal at rates disclosed to our clients. Estimated indirect sales and trading revenue represented 42% of lower yields on interest-earning assets,total foreign exchange trading revenue in the first quarter of 2016 as lower global interest rates affected ourcompared to 33% in the first quarter of 2015. We calculate revenue from floating-rate assets,for indirect FX trading using an attribution methodology. This methodology takes into consideration estimated mark-ups/downs and the effects of the stronger U.S. dollar. The stronger U.S. dollar had the effect of reducing net interest revenue by


17


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

approximately $14 millionobserved client volumes. Direct sales and trading revenue is all other FX trading revenue other than the revenue attributed to indirect FX trading.
Our clients that utilize indirect FX trading can, in the third quarteraddition to executing their FX transactions through dealers not affiliated with us, transition from indirect FX trading to either direct sales and trading execution, including our “Street FX” service, or to one of 2015 comparedour electronic trading platforms. Street FX, in which we continue to the same period in 2014, partially offset by the benefit of higher levels of interest-earning assets and lower rates on interest paid.
Changes in the components of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are discussed in more detail below. Additional detail about the components of interest revenue and interest expense is provided in note 14 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Average total interest-earning assets were higher for the third quarter and first nine months of 2015 compared to the same periods in 2014act as a result of elevated levels of client deposits invested in interest-bearing deposits with banks, higher average loans and leases and higher levels of cash collateral (included in other interest-earning assets in Table 12: Average Balances and Interest Rates - Fully Taxable-Equivalent Basis) provided in connection with our enhanced custody business.
The higher level of investment in interest-bearing deposits with banks resulted from higher levels of client deposits during the third quarter and first nine months of 2015 compared to the same periods in 2014, discussed further below, while the increase in average loans and leases resulted from growth in mutual fund lending and our continued investment in senior secured bank loans.
During the past year,principal market-maker, enables our clients have continued to place elevated levels of depositsdefine their FX execution strategy and automate the FX trade execution process, both for funds under custody with us as central bank actions have resulted in high levels of liquiditywell as those under custody at another bank.
Our direct sales and low global interest rates. We evaluate deposits as either inherent in our relationship with our custodial clients, which we generally invest in our investment portfolio, or transient, or excess, deposits, which we generally deposit with central banks. Deposits with central banks generate low returns. Consequently, the elevated levels of these transient deposits have contributed to a reduction of our net interest margin relative to historical levels.
The deposits with central banks are also included in our total consolidated assets, and higher deposit levels impact our regulatory leverage ratios. We have been engaging in discussions with clients regarding deposit levels and during the third quarter of 2015 we took action to better balance our clients' cash management needs with our economic and regulatory objectives. These efforts resulted in a reduction in client deposits from June 30, 2015, mainly occurring toward the end of the third quarter of 2015. Client deposit levels at September 30, 2015 of $186 billiontrading revenue decreased $44 billion from $231 billion at June 30, 2015, and average third quarter 2015 client deposits of $137 billion decreased $2 billion from $139 billion at the second quarter of 2015. Were global interest rates to increase, we would expect to
see further decreases in client deposits; however, in general, we continue to anticipate higher levels of client deposits, irrespective of the interest rate environment, during periods of market stress.
The effects of the recent stronger U.S. dollar relative to other currencies, particularly the Euro, also negatively impacted our net interest revenue as we maintain a portion of our investment portfolio in Euro denominated securities.  If European Central Bank, or ECB, monetary policy continues to pressure European interest rates downward and the U.S. dollar remains strong or strengthens, the negative effects on our net interest revenue may continue or worsen.
Negative interest rates on assets generate negative interest income. Conversely, negative interest rates on liabilities generate negative interest expense. These amounts are included within interest income and interest expense.
We recorded aggregate discount accretion in interest revenue of $75 million33% in the first nine months of 2015 related to the assets we consolidated onto our balance sheet in 2009 from our asset-backed commercial paper conduits. Subsequent to the commercial paper conduit consolidation in 2009, we have recorded total discount accretion in interest revenue of $2.10 billion (including $75 million in the first nine months of 2015, $119 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2014, $137 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2013, $215 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2012, $220 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2011, $712 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2010 and $621 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2009). The timing and ultimate recognition of any applicable discount accretion depends, in part, on factors that are outside of our control, including anticipated prepayment speeds and credit quality. The impact of these factors is uncertain and can be significantly influenced by general economic and financial market conditions. The timing and recognition of any applicable discount accretion can also be influenced by our ongoing management of the risks and other characteristics associated with our investment securities portfolio, including sales of securities which would otherwise generate interest revenue through accretion.
Depending on the factors discussed above, among others, we anticipate that until the former conduit securities remaining in our investment portfolio mature or are sold, discount accretion will continue to contribute to our net interest revenue, though generally in declining amounts. Assuming that we hold the remaining former conduit securities to maturity, all else being equal, we expect the remaining former conduit securities carried in our


18


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

investment portfolio as of September 30, 2015 to generate discount accretion in future periods of approximately $233 million over their remaining terms, with approximately half of this discount accretion to be recorded over the next four years.
Interest-bearing deposits with banks averaged $73.47 billion and $74.83 billion, for the third quarter and first nine months of 2015, respectively, compared to $63.16 billion and $50.15 billion, respectively, for the same periods of 2014. These deposits reflected our maintenance of cash balances at the Federal Reserve, the ECB and other non-U.S. central banks both to satisfy regulatory reserve requirements, and due to the continued elevated levels of client deposits and our investment of the excess deposits with central banks.
While the actions taken in the third quarter of 2015 have reduced levels of client deposits, we expect to continue to invest deposits we deem as elevated in investment securities or short-term assets, including central bank deposits, depending on our assessment of the underlying characteristics of the deposits.
 Average investment securities decreased to $100.18 billion, and $107.22 billion, for the third quarter and first nine months of 2015, respectively, compared to $117.62 billion and $117.68 billion, for the same periods of 2014, as we continue to optimize our balance sheet in light of the evolving regulatory environment. Detail with respect to our investment securities portfolio as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 is provided in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Average loans and leases increased to $17.61 billion and $17.71 billion, for the third quarter and first nine months of 2015, respectively, compared to $16.00 billion and $15.23 billion, for the same periods of 2014. The increase was mainly related to mutual fund lending and our continued investment in senior secured bank loans. Mutual fund lending and senior secured bank loans averaged approximately $12.63 billion and $12.73 billion, respectively, for the third quarter and first nine months of 2015, compared to $10.62 billion and $9.96 billion, for the same periods of 2014.
Average loans and leases also include short-duration advances.
TABLE 13: U.S. AND NON-U.S. SHORT-DURATION ADVANCES
 Quarters Ended September 30,
(In millions)2015 2014
Average U.S. short-duration advances$2,226
 $2,372
Average non-U.S. short-duration advances1,325
 1,468
Average total short-duration advances$3,551
 $3,840
Average short-duration advances to average loans and leases20% 24%
    
    
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)2015 2014
Average U.S. short-duration advances$2,284
 $2,264
Average non-U.S. short-duration advances1,432
 1,463
Average total short-duration advances$3,716
 $3,727
Average short-duration advances to average loans and leases21% 24%
The decline in the proportion of the average daily short-duration advances to average loans and leases is primarily due to growth in the other segments of the loan and lease portfolio. Short-duration advances provide liquidity to clients in support of their investment activities.
Although average short-duration advances decreased for the third quarter of 2015 and remained relatively flat for the first nine months of 2015 compared to the third quarter and first nine months of 2014, respectively, such average short-duration advances provided by us remained low relative to historical levels, primarily the result of higher levels of liquidity, including excess deposits, held by our clients.
Average other interest-earning assets increased to $24.00 billion and $22.73 billion, for the third quarter and first nine months of 2015, respectively, from $17.00 billion and $15.14 billion, for the third quarter and first nine months of 2014, respectively. Our average other interest-earning assets, largely associated with our enhanced custody business, comprised approximately 11% of our average total interest-earning assets for both the third quarter and first nine months of 2015, compared to approximately 7% of our average total interest-earning assets for both the third quarter and first nine months of 2014, as this business continued to grow. While the enhanced custody business, our principal securities lending service for custody clients. supports our overall profitability by generating securities finance revenue, it puts downward pressure on our net interest margin, as interest income on the receivable associated with the cash collateral we provide is earned at a lower rate compared to our investment securities portfolio.


19


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Aggregate average interest-bearing deposits decreased to $137.33 billion from $138.90 billion for the third quarter and increased to $136.83 billion from $127.51 billion in the first nine months of 2015,2016 as compared to the same periodsfirst quarter of 2014.2015. The higher levels for the first nine months of 2015 weredecrease primarily the result of increases in both U.S.resulted from lower volumes and non-U.S. transaction accounts and time deposits. Future transaction account levels will be influenced by the underlying asset servicing business, client deposit behavior in reaction to management actions taken in the third quarter to reduce deposits, as well as market conditions, including the general levels of U.S. and non-U.S. interest rates.
Average other short-term borrowingsvolatility. Our estimated indirect FX trading revenue decreased to $3.79 billion from $4.38 billion for the third quarter and increased to $4.21 billion from $4.10 billion3% in the first nine monthsquarter of 2015 as2016 compared to the same periodsfirst quarter of 2014.2015. The increase fordecrease mainly resulted from lower volume.
We continue to expect that some clients may choose, over time, to reduce their level of indirect FX trading transactions in favor of other execution methods, including either direct sales and trading transactions or electronic FX services which we provide. To the extent that clients shift to other execution methods that we provide, our FX trading revenue may decrease, even if volumes remain consistent.
Total brokerage and other trading services revenue decreased 5% in the first nine months of 2015 was the result of a higher level of client demand for our commercial paper. The third quarter decline is a result of State Street's plans to phase-out its commercial paper program by July 1, 2016, consistent with the objectives of its 2015 recovery and resolution plan developed pursuant to the requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act. In the third quarter of 2014 we had no interest expense on short-term borrowings as2016 compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2015. The decrease was primarily due to a one-time gain recorded in the first quarter of 2015.
Our clients may choose to execute FX transactions through one of our electronic trading platforms. These transactions generate revenue through a “click” fee. Revenue from such electronic FX services decreased 8% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015, when interest rates paid increasedmainly due to 0.2%. Interest rates paiddeclines in client volumes.
Other trading, transition management and brokerage revenue decreased 3% in the first nine monthsquarter of 2015 increased to 0.2% from 0.1% for the same period in 2014. The increase over both periods resulted from a reclassification of certain derivative contracts in 2014 that hedge our interest-rate risk on certain assets and liabilities.
Average long-term debt increased to $10.53 billion and $9.81 billion, for the third quarter and first nine months of 2015, respectively, from $9.02 billion and $9.34 billion, respectively, for the same periods of 2014. The increase primarily reflected the issuance of $1.0 billion of senior debt issued in December 2014 and $3.0 billion of senior debt issued in August 2015 which was offset by a $900 million extendible note called at the end of February 2015, the maturities of $500 million of senior debt in May 2014 and $250 million of senior debt in March 2014.
Average other interest-bearing liabilities decreased to $4.46 billion and $6.84 billion, for the
third quarter and first nine months of 2015, respectively, from $7.39 billion and $7.24 billion, respectively, for the same periods of 2014, primarily the result of higher levels of cash collateral received from clients in connection with our enhanced custody business.
Several factors could affect future levels of our net interest revenue and margin, including the mix of client liabilities; actions of various central banks; changes in U.S. and non-U.S. interest rates; changes in the various yield curves around the world; the effectiveness of our efforts to reduce excess client deposits; revised or proposed regulatory capital or liquidity standards, or interpretations of those standards; the amount of discount accretion generated by the former conduit securities that remain in our investment securities portfolio; the yields earned on securities purchased2016 compared to the yields earned on securities sold or matured; and changesfirst quarter of 2015, primarily due to a decrease in transition management revenue, partially offset by an increase in other trading revenue.
In recent years, our transition management revenue was adversely affected by compliance issues in our enhanced custody business.
Based on market conditionsU.K. business during 2010 and other factors, we continue to reinvest the majority of the proceeds from pay-downs2011. The reputational and maturities of investment securities in highly-rated securities, such as U.S. Treasury and agency securities, municipal securities, federal agency mortgage-backed securities and U.S. and non-U.S. mortgage- and asset-backed securities. The pace at which we continue to reinvest and the types of investment securities purchased will depend on theregulatory impact of market conditionsthose compliance issues continues and other factors over time. We expect these factors and the levels of global interest rates to influence what effectmay adversely affect our reinvestment program will have onrevenue in future levels of our net interest revenue and net interest margin.
Gains (Losses) Related to Investment Securities, Net
We regularly review our investment securities portfolio to identify other-than-temporary impairment of individual securities. Additional information about investment securities, the gross gains and losses that compose the net gains from sales of securities and other-than-temporary impairment is provided in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.


20


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

TABLE 14: INVESTMENT SECURITIES GAINS (LOSSES), NET
 Quarters Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)2015 2014 2015 2014
Net realized gains (losses) from sales of available-for-sale securities$(2) $
 $(5) $15
Net impairment losses:       
Gross losses from other-than-temporary impairment
 
 (1) (1)
Losses reclassified (from) to other comprehensive income
 
 
 (10)
Net impairment losses(1)

 
 (1) (11)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net$(2) $
 $(6) $4
        
(1) Net impairment losses, recognized in our consolidated statement of income, were composed of the following:
       
Impairment associated with expected credit losses$
 $
 $
 $(10)
Impairment associated with management’s intent to sell impaired securities prior to recovery in value
 
 
 
Impairment associated with adverse changes in timing of expected future cash flows
 
 (1) (1)
Net impairment losses$
 $
 $(1) $(11)

From time to time, in connection with our ongoing management of our investment securities portfolio, we sell available-for-sale securities to manage risk, to take advantage of favorable market conditions, to optimize our balance sheet for regulatory changes, or for other reasons. In the first nine months of 2015, we sold approximately $12.42 billion of such investment securities, compared to approximately $8.20 billion in the first nine months of 2014. We recorded $5 million of net realized losses and $15 million of net realized gains in the first nine months of 2015 and 2014, respectively, as presented in the preceding table.
PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES
We recorded a provision for loan losses of $5 million and $11 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2015, respectively, compared to $2 million and $6 million, in the same periods in 2014. The provisions in both periods of 2014 and 2015 were recorded as a result of our exposure to certain senior secured bank loans to non-investment grade borrowers, which we purchased in connection with our participation in loan syndications in the non-investment-grade lending market. Increases in the provisions in the year-to-date comparison reflected growth of our senior secured loan portfolio. Additional information about these senior secured bank loans is provided under “Financial Condition - Loans and Leases” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis and in note 4periods. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.


21


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

EXPENSES
TABLE 15: EXPENSES
TABLE 7: EXPENSES     
Quarters Ended September 30,  Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions)2015 2014 % Change2016 2015 % Change
Compensation and employee benefits$1,051
 $953
 10 %$1,107
 $1,087
 2 %
Information systems and communications265
 242
 10
272
 247
 10
Transaction processing services201
 199
 1
200
 197
 2
Occupancy110
 119
 (8)113
 113
 
Acquisition costs7
 12
 (42)7
 5
 40
Restructuring charges, net3
 8
 (63)97
 1
 nm
Other:          
Professional services136
 97
 40
93
 96
 (3)
Amortization of other intangible assets48
 54
 (11)49
 50
 (2)
Securities processing costs40
 8
 400
4
 20
 (80)
Regulatory fees and assessments31
 17
 82
20
 34
 (41)
Other70
 183
 (62)88
 247
 (64)
Total other325
 359
 (9)254
 447
 (43)
Total expenses$1,962
 $1,892
 4
$2,050
 $2,097
 (2)
Number of employees at quarter-end31,860
 29,510
  32,527
 30,495
  
     
Nine Months Ended September 30,  
(Dollars in millions)2015 2014 % Change
Compensation and employee benefits$3,122
 $3,088
 1 %
Information systems and communications761
 730
 4
Transaction processing services599
 583
 3
Occupancy332
 348
 (5)
Acquisition costs15
 48
 (69)
Restructuring charges, net4
 33
 (88)
Other:     
Professional services368
 318
 16
Amortization of other intangible assets147
 162
 (9)
Securities processing costs75
 39
 92
Regulatory fees and assessments90
 55
 64
Other680
 366
 86
Total other1,360
 940
 45
Total expenses$6,193
 $5,770
 7
Total expenses increased 4% and 7% in the third quarter and first nine months of 2015, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014. Total expenses in the third quarter of 2015 and first nine months of 2015 benefited from the stronger U.S. dollar by approximately $63 million and $200 million respectively, compared to same periods in 2014.
nm Not meaningful
Compensation and employee benefits expenses increased by 10% and 1%2% in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2015, respectively,2016 compared to the same periodsfirst quarter of 2015. The increase in 2014. These increases werecosts was primarily drivendue to additional staffing to support regulatory initiatives and new business, partially offset by $75 millionthe effect of pre-tax severance coststhe stronger U.S. dollar and decreases in incentive compensation and benefits.
Compensation and employee benefits expenses in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016 and the first quarter of 2015 included approximately $122 million and $137 million, respectively, of seasonal deferred incentive compensation expense for retirement-eligible employees and payroll taxes.
Information systems and communications expenses increased 10% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The increase was primarily related to targeted staff reductions.new software and systems going into production for corporate and regulatory initiatives and maintenance and new business, as well as additional related depreciation costs supporting these investments.
Other expenses decreased 9% and increased 45%43% in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2015,
respectively,2016 compared to the same periods in 2014.first quarter of 2015. The increase in the first nine months of 2015decrease was primarily due to a first quarter 2015 legal accrualaccruals of $150 million and a secondin the first quarter 2015of 2015. No such costs related to legal accrualproceedings were accrued in the first quarter of $250 million, each in connection with our indirect foreign exchange business. In addition, higher2016. The decrease was also driven by lower levels of regulatory feesprofessional services and assessments also contributed to the increases. The decrease in the third quarter of 2015 was primarily due to a third-quarter 2015 gain of $41 millionlower insurance expenses related to a recoverylower assessment fees from certain Lehman Brothers claims, as compared to the same period in 2014.FDIC. The legal accrual is further discussed under "Legal and Regulatory Matters" in note 8Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Our compliance obligations have increased significantly due to new regulations in the U.S. and internationally that have been adopted or proposed in response to the financial crisis. As a systemically important financial institution, we are subject to enhanced supervision and prudential standards. Our status as a global systemically important bank, or G-SIB has also resulted in heightened prudential and conduct expectations of our U.S. and international regulators with respect to our capital and liquidity management and our compliance and risk oversight programs. These heightened expectations have increased our regulatory compliance costs, including personnel and systems, as well as significant additional implementation and related costs to enhance our regulatory compliance programs. We anticipate that these evolving and increasing regulatory compliance requirements and expectations, including our efforts to address the deficiencies identified in our resolution plan submitted to the Federal Reserve and FDIC on July 1, 2015 as discussed within the Liquidity Risk Management section included within this Form 10-Q, will continue to affect our expenses. Our employee compensation and benefits, information systems and other expenses could increase, as we further adjust our operations in response to new or proposed requirements and heightened expectations.
Acquisition Costs
In the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2015,2016, we recorded acquisition costs of $7 million, and $15 million, respectively, compared to $12 million and$48$5 million in the same periods in 2014.first quarter of 2015. These amounts related to previously disclosedannounced acquisitions.
Restructuring Charges
In the thirdfirst quarter of 2015,2016, we recorded $3 million netannounced State Street Beacon, our multi-year transformation program to create cost efficiencies and to fully digitize our business to support the development of new solutions and capabilities for our clients.
To implement State Street Beacon, we expect to incur aggregate future pre-tax restructuring charges comparedof approximately $300 million to $8$400 million beginning in 2016 through December 31, 2020. We estimate those charges will include approximately $250 million to $300 million in the same periodseverance and benefits costs associated with targeted staff reductions (a substantial portion of 2014. which will result in future cash expenditures) and approximately $50 million to $100 million in information technology application rationalization and real estate actions.
In the first nine monthsquarter of 2015,2016, we recorded net restructuring charges of $4$97 million compared to $33$1 million in the same period in 2014. The amounts recorded in the thirdfirst quarter of 2015 mainly related2015. Increases in costs were primarily due to our recently completed Business OperationsState Street Beacon, consisting of approximately $86 million of employee-related expenses and Information Technology Transformation program.approximately $11 million of other restructuring costs.


2215


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Income Tax ExpenseINCOME TAX EXPENSE
Income tax expense was $68$62 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20152016 compared to $128$94 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2014. In the first nine months of 2015 and 2014, income tax expense was $219 million and $344 million, respectively. The decrease in tax expense was primarily due to the effects of legal accruals of $400 million recorded in 2015. Our effective tax rate forin the first nine monthsquarter of 20152016 was 13.4%14.4% compared to 18.2% in18.8% for the same period of 2014.in 2015. The first nine months of 2015 includeddecrease in the tax rate is primarily due to additional alternative energy investments and foreign tax credits, as well as the effects of a non-deductible legal accrual in the approvalfirst quarter of a tax refund for prior years and the reduction of $59 million for an Italian deferred tax liability, partially offset by a change in New York tax law.2015.
LINE OF BUSINESS INFORMATION
We haveOur operations are organized for management reporting purposes into two lines of business: Investment Servicing and Investment Management.Management, which are defined based on products and services provided. The results of operations for these lines of business are not necessarily comparable with those of other companies, including companies in the financial services industry. InformationFor information about our two lines of business, as well as the revenues, expenses and capital allocation methodologies associated with them, is provided in noterefer to Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements included in our 20142015 Form 10-K.
Investment Servicing
TABLE 8: INVESTMENT SERVICING LINE OF BUSINESS RESULTS
 Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions, except where otherwise noted)2016 2015 % Change
Servicing fees$1,242
 $1,268
 (2)%
Trading services262
 315
 (17)
Securities finance134
 101
 33
Processing fees and other45
 59
 (24)
Total fee revenue1,683
 1,743
 (3)
Net interest revenue511
 545
 (6)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net2
 (1) nm
Total revenue2,196
 2,287
 (4)
Provision for loan losses4
 4
 
Total expenses1,687
 1,836
 (8)
Income before income tax expense$505
 $447
 13
Pre-tax margin23% 20%  
nm- Not meaningful
Total revenue in the first quarter of 2016 for our Investment Servicing line of business, presented in Table 8: Investment Servicing Line of Business Results, decreased 4% compared to the first quarter of 2015. Total fee revenue decreased 3% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015.
Net interest revenue decreased 6% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The “Other” information presented below represents costs incurred that are not allocateddecrease was generally the result of our efforts to optimize our business lines, including certain severance and restructuring costs, acquisition costs and certain provisions for legal contingencies.capital position, lower yields on interest-earning assets, as well as lower global interest rates, which affect our revenue from floating-
 
“Other” forrate assets, and the third quarter and first nine months of 2015 included net costs of $85 million and $93 million, respectively, composedeffect of the following -stronger U.S. dollar, partially offset by the benefit of higher levels of interest-earning assets. A discussion of net interest revenue is provided under “Net Interest Revenue” in “Total Revenue” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.
Net acquisition and restructuring costs of $10 million and $19 million, respectively; and
Net severance costs of $75 million and $74 million, respectively.
“Other” for the third quarter and first nine months of 2014 included costs of $14 million and $157 million, respectively, composed of the following -
Severance costs credits of $2 million associated with prior accruals for staff reductions and net severance costs of $74 million associated with staff reductions, respectively;
Net acquisition and restructuring costs of $20 million and $81 million, respectively; and
Credits to provisions for litigation exposure and other cost of $4 million in the third quarter of 2014.
Provisions for legal contingencies of $2 millionTotal expenses decreased 8% in the first nine monthsquarter of 2014.2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The decrease primarily resulted from expenses for a legal accrual recorded in first quarter of 2015 in connection with management's intention to seek to resolve some, but not all, of the outstanding and potential claims arising out of our indirect FX client activities recorded in the first quarter of 2015.
Prior reported results reflect reclassifications, for comparative purposes, relatedIn December 2015, we announced a review of the manner in which we invoiced certain expenses to management changescertain of our Investment Servicing clients, primarily in methodologies associatedthe United States, during a period going back to 1998. We have informed our clients that we will pay to them the expenses we concluded were incorrectly invoiced to them, plus interest. In conjunction with allocationsthat review, we are evaluating other aspects of revenueinvoicing relating to billing our Investment Servicing clients, including calculation of asset-based fees. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Servicing Fees
Servicing fees decreased 2% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015, primarily due to lower global equity markets and expenses reflectedthe effect of the stronger U.S. dollar, partially offset by net new business.
Servicing fees generated outside the U.S. were approximately 41% of total servicing fees in line-of-business results for 2015.the quarters ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
TABLE 9: COMPONENTS OF ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND ADMINISTRATION
(In billions) March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 March 31, 2015
Mutual funds $6,728
 $6,768
 $7,073
Collective funds 7,000
 7,088
 7,113
Pension products 5,197
 5,510
 5,745
Insurance and other products 8,018
 8,142
 8,560
Total $26,943
 $27,508
 $28,491
TABLE 10: COMPOSITION OF ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND ADMINISTRATION
(In billions) March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 March 31, 2015
Equities $14,433
 $14,888
 $15,660
Fixed-income 9,199
 9,264
 9,157
Short-term and other investments 3,311
 3,356
 3,674
Total $26,943
 $27,508
 $28,491

Investment Servicing

TABLE 16: INVESTMENT SERVICING LINE OF BUSINESS RESULTS
 Three Months Ended September 30,   Nine Months Ended September 30,  
(Dollars in millions, except where otherwise noted)2015 2014 % Change 2015 2014 % Change
Servicing fees$1,294
 $1,302
 (1)% $3,892
 $3,828
 2 %
Trading services283
 266
 6
 869
 756
 15
Securities finance113
 99
 14
 369
 331
 11
Processing fees and other131
 25
 424
 212
 122
 74
Total fee revenue1,821
 1,692
 8
 5,342
 5,037
 6
Net interest revenue514
 566
 (9) 1,593
 1,675
 (5)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net(2) 
 
 (6) 4
 (250)
Total revenue2,333
 2,258
 3
 6,929
 6,716
 3
Provision for loan losses5
 2
 150
 11
 6
 83
Total expenses1,673
 1,642
 2
 5,389
 4,907
 10
Income before income tax expense$655
 $614
 7
 $1,529
 $1,803
 (15)
Pre-tax margin28% 27%   22% 27%  

2316


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Total
TABLE 11: GEORGRAPHIC MIX OF ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND ADMINISTRATION(1)
(In billions) March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 March 31, 2015
North America $20,505
 $20,842
 $21,554
Europe/Middle East/Africa 5,159
 5,387
 5,590
Asia/Pacific 1,279
 1,279
 1,347
Total $26,943
 $27,508
 $28,491
(1) Geographic mix is based on the location in which the assets are serviced.
Asset levels as of March 31, 2016 did not reflect the estimated $401.8 billion of new business in assets to be serviced, which was awarded to us in the first quarter of 2016 and prior periods but not installed prior to March 31, 2016. This new business will be reflected in assets under custody and administration in future periods after installation and will generate servicing fee revenue in subsequent periods.
With respect to these new assets, we will provide various services, including accounting, bank loan servicing, compliance reporting and monitoring, custody, depository banking services, foreign exchange, fund administration, hedge fund servicing, middle-office outsourcing, performance and analytics, private equity administration, real estate administration, securities finance, transfer agency, and wealth management services.
The value of assets under custody and administration is a broad measure of the third quarter and first nine monthsrelative size of 2015 for our Investment Servicing line of business, presented in Table 16: Investment Servicing Line of Business Results, both increased 3% compared to the same periods in 2014. Total fee revenue increased 8% and 6%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014.
Servicing fees decreased 1%various markets served. Changes in the thirdvalues of assets under custody and administration from period to period do not necessarily result in proportional changes in our servicing fee revenue.
Trading Services
TABLE 12: TRADING SERVICES REVENUE
 Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 % Change
Foreign exchange trading:     
Direct sales and trading$90
 $135
 (33)%
Indirect foreign exchange trading66
 68
 (3)
Total foreign exchange trading156
 203
 (23)
Brokerage and other trading services:     
Electronic foreign exchange services44
 48
 (8)
Other trading, transition management and brokerage62
 64
 (3)
Total brokerage and other trading services106
 112
 (5)
Total trading services revenue$262
 $315
 (17)
Trading services revenue is composed of revenue generated by FX trading, as well as revenue generated by brokerage and other trading services. We primarily earn FX trading revenue by acting as a principal market-maker. We offer a range of FX products, services and execution models. Most of our FX products and execution services can be grouped into three broad categories, which are further
explained below: “direct sales and trading,” “indirect FX trading” and “electronic FX services.” With respect to electronic FX services, we provide an execution venue, but do not act as agent or principal.
We also offer a range of brokerage and other trading products tailored specifically to meet the needs of the global pension community, including transition management and commission recapture. In addition, we act as distribution agent for the SPDR® Gold ETF. These products and services are generally differentiated by our role as an agent of the institutional investor. Revenue earned from these services is recorded in other trading, transition management and brokerage revenue within brokerage and other trading services revenue.
Our FX trading revenue is influenced by multiple factors, including: the volume and type of client FX transactions and related spreads; currency volatility, reflecting market conditions; and our management of exchange rate, interest rate and other market risks associated with our foreign exchange activities. The relative impact of these factors on our total FX trading revenues often differs from period to period. For example, assuming all other factors remain constant, increases or decreases in volumes or spreads across product mix tend to result in increases or decreases, as the case may be, in client-related FX revenue. Revenue earned from direct sales and trading and indirect FX trading is recorded in FX trading revenue.
Total FX trading revenue decreased 23% in the first quarter of 2015 compared to the third quarter in 2014 due primarily to the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar partially offset by positive revenue impact of net new business (revenue added from new servicing business installed less revenue lost from the removal of assets serviced). Servicing fees for the first nine months of 2015 increased 2%2016 compared to the first nine months in 2014 primarily from the positive revenue impact of net new business partially offset by the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar.
Trading services revenue increased 6% and 15%, respectively, in the third quarter and first nine months of 2015, comparedprimarily due to the same periods in 2014. The increases primarily resulted from a continued trend of strong clientlower volumes and higher market making revenues driven in part from highervolatility.
We enter into FX transactions with clients and investment managers that contact our trading desk directly. These trades are all executed at negotiated rates. We refer to this activity, and our principal market-making activities, as “direct sales and trading” and it includes many transactions for funds serviced by third party custodians or prime brokers, as well as those funds under custody at State Street. Direct sales and trading revenue represented 58% of total foreign exchange volatility. The increasetrading revenue in the first nine monthsquarter of 20152016 compared to the first nine months of 2014 was also the result of higher volumes in the electronic FX platforms as FX volatility increased in 2015 from 2014.
Securities finance revenue increased 14% and 11%, respectively, in the third quarter and first nine months of 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014. The increase in these periods primarily resulted from new business in our enhanced custody business.
Processing fees and other revenue increased 424% and 74%, respectively, in the third quarter and first nine months of 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014, primarily resulting from an $83 million pre-tax gain on the sale of commercial real estate acquired as a result of the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy.
Servicing fees, securities finance revenue and net gains (losses) related to investment securities for our Investment Servicing business line are consistent with the respective consolidated results. Refer to “Servicing Fees,” "Securities Finance" and “Gains (Losses) Related to Investment Securities, Net” under “Total Revenue” in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis for a more in-depth discussion. A discussion of trading services revenue and processing fees and other revenue is provided under “Trading Services” and “Processing Fees and Other” in “Total Revenue.”
Net interest revenue decreased 9% and 5%, respectively, in the third quarter and first nine months of 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014. The decrease was generally the result of lower yields on interest-earning assets, as lower global interest rates affected our revenue from floating-rate assets and lower translation of revenue to U.S. dollars from foreign assets due to changes in foreign exchange rates, partially offset by the benefit of higher levels of interest-earning assets and lower rates on interest paid. A discussion of net interest revenue is provided under “Net Interest Revenue” in “Total Revenue.”
Total expenses increased 2% and 10%, respectively, in the third quarter and first nine months of 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014. The increase in the third quarter of 2015 compared to the third quarter of 2014 resulted from higher regulatory and compliance costs and increases in compensation and employee benefits due to additional staffing to support new business and regulatory initiatives. The increase67% in the first nine monthsquarter of 20152015.
Alternatively, clients or their investment managers may elect to route FX transactions to our FX desk through our asset-servicing operation; we refer to this activity as “indirect FX trading” and, in all cases, we are the funds' custodian. We execute indirect FX trades as a principal at rates disclosed to our clients. Estimated indirect sales and trading revenue represented 42% of total foreign exchange trading revenue in the first quarter of 2016 as compared to 33% in the first nine monthsquarter of 2014 primarily resulted from other expenses2015. We calculate revenue for a legal accrual recorded in connection with our indirect foreign exchange client activities, higher regulatoryFX trading using an attribution methodology. This methodology takes into consideration estimated mark-ups/downs and compliance costs, increases in compensation and employee benefits due to additional staffing to support new business and regulatory initiatives, and transaction processing services. Both comparisons were partially offset by the impact of the strong U.S. dollar.












2417


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

observed client volumes. Direct sales and trading revenue is all other FX trading revenue other than the revenue attributed to indirect FX trading.
Our clients that utilize indirect FX trading can, in addition to executing their FX transactions through dealers not affiliated with us, transition from indirect FX trading to either direct sales and trading execution, including our “Street FX” service, or to one of our electronic trading platforms. Street FX, in which we continue to act as a principal market-maker, enables our clients to define their FX execution strategy and automate the FX trade execution process, both for funds under custody with us as well as those under custody at another bank.
Our direct sales and trading revenue decreased 33% in the first quarter of 2016 as compared to the first quarter of 2015. The decrease primarily resulted from lower volumes and volatility. Our estimated indirect FX trading revenue decreased 3% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The decrease mainly resulted from lower volume.
We continue to expect that some clients may choose, over time, to reduce their level of indirect FX trading transactions in favor of other execution methods, including either direct sales and trading transactions or electronic FX services which we provide. To the extent that clients shift to other execution methods that we provide, our FX trading revenue may decrease, even if volumes remain consistent.
Total brokerage and other trading services revenue decreased 5% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The decrease was primarily due to a one-time gain recorded in the first quarter of 2015.
Our clients may choose to execute FX transactions through one of our electronic trading platforms. These transactions generate revenue through a “click” fee. Revenue from such electronic FX services decreased 8% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015, mainly due to declines in client volumes.
Other trading, transition management and brokerage revenue decreased 3% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015, primarily due to a decrease in transition management revenue, partially offset by an increase in other trading revenue.
In recent years, our transition management revenue was adversely affected by compliance issues in our U.K. business during 2010 and 2011. The reputational and regulatory impact of those compliance issues continues and may adversely affect our revenue in future periods. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Securities Finance
Our securities finance business consists of three components: (1) an agency lending program for SSGA-managed investment funds with a broad range of investment objectives, which we refer to as the SSGA lending funds, (2) an agency lending program for third-party investment managers and asset owners, which we refer to as the agency lending funds and (3) security lending transactions which we enter into as principal, which we refer to as our enhanced custody business.
See Table 8: Investment Servicing Line of Business Results, for the comparison of securities finance revenue for the quarters ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
Securities finance revenue earned from our agency lending activities, which is composed of our split of both the spreads related to cash collateral and the fees related to non-cash collateral, is principally a function of the volume of securities on loan, the interest-rate spreads and fees earned on the underlying collateral, and our share of the fee split.
As principal, our enhanced custody business borrows securities from the lending client and then lends such securities to the subsequent borrower, either a State Street client or a broker/dealer. We act as principal when the lending client is unable to, or elects not to, transact directly with the market and execute the transaction and furnish the securities. In our role as principal, we provide support to the transaction through our credit rating. While we source a significant proportion of the securities furnished by us in our role as principal from third parties, we have the ability to source securities through our assets under custody and administration from clients who have designated State Street as an eligible borrower.
Securities finance revenue increased 33% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015. The increase was primarily the result of growth in our enhanced custody business and higher agency lending.
Market influences may continue to affect client demand for securities finance, and as a result our revenue from, and the profitability of, our securities lending activities in future periods. In addition, the constantly evolving regulatory environment may affect the volume of our securities lending activity and related revenue and profitability in future periods.
Processing Fees and Other
Processing fees and other revenue includes diverse types of fees and revenue, including fees from our structured products business, fees from software licensing and maintenance, equity income from our joint venture investments, gains and losses


18


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

on sales of leased equipment and other assets, and amortization of our tax-advantaged investments.
Processing fees and other revenue, presented in Table 8: Investment Servicing Line of Business Results, decreased 24% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015, primarily due to lower income from equity method investments.
Investment Management
TABLE 17: INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LINE OF BUSINESS RESULTS
TABLE 13: INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LINE OF BUSINESS RESULTSTABLE 13: INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LINE OF BUSINESS RESULTS
Three Months Ended September 30,   Nine Months Ended September 30,  Quarters Ended March 31,  
(Dollars in millions, except where otherwise noted)2015 2014 % Change 2015 2014 % Change2016 2015 % Change
Management fees$287
 $316
 (9)% $892
 $908
 (2)%$270
 $301
 (10)%
Trading services11
 12
 (8) 30
 35
 (14)10
 9
 11
Processing fees and other(11) (8) nm
 (14) (5) nm
7
 2
 nm
Total fee revenue287
 320
 (10) 908
 938
 (3)287
 312
 (8)
Net interest revenue(1) 4
 (125) 1
 11
 (91)1
 1
 
Total revenue286
 324
 (12) 909
 949
 (4)288
 313
 (8)
Total expenses204
 236
 (14) 711
 706
 1
256
 256
 
Income before income tax expense$82
 $88
 (7) $198
 $243
 (19)$32
 $57
 (44)
Pre-tax margin29% 27%   22% 26%  11% 18%  
  

nm - not Not meaningful
Total revenue for our Investment Management lineLine of business,Business, presented in Table 17:13: Investment Management Line of Business Results, decreased 12% and 4%, respectively,8% in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 20152016 compared to the same periods in 2014.first quarter of 2015. Total fee revenue decreased 10% and 3%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014.
Management fees decreased 9% and 2%, respectively, in the third quarter and first nine months of 2015 compared to the same periods in 2014. The decrease in the third quarter of 2015 compared to the third quarter in 2014 resulted from weaker international equity markets, net outflows, lower performance fees and the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar. The decrease8% in the first nine monthsquarter of 20152016 compared to the first nine months of 2014 resulted from the impact of the strong U.S. dollar and lower performance fees partially offset by net new business and stronger domestic equity markets.
Trading services revenue declined 8% and 14%, respectively, in the third quarter and first nine months of 2015 compared to the same periods in 2014. The decreases in both periods were mainly related to favorable mark to market on seed capital in the second quarter of 2014, as well as lower distribution fees associated with the SPDR® Gold ETF, which resulted from net outflows and a lower average gold price during the period.
Management fees for the Investment Management business line are consistent with the respective consolidated results. Refer to “Management Fees” in “Total Revenue” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis for a more in-depth discussion. A discussion of trading services revenue is provided under “Trading Services” in “Total Revenue.”2015.
Total expenses decreased 14%were flat in the thirdfirst quarter of 2015 compared to the third quarter of 2014
due primarily to recoveries associated with Lehman Brothers-related assets recorded in 2015 and impact of the strong U.S. dollar partially offset by higher regulatory and compliance costs. Total expenses increased 1% for the first nine months of 20152016 compared to the first nine months in 2014quarter of 2015 resulting from higher transaction processing services and increases in regulatory and compliance costs, offset by declines in other operating expenses.
Management Fees
Through SSGA, we provide a broad range of investment management strategies, specialized investment management advisory services and other financial services for corporations, public funds, and other sophisticated investors. SSGA offers an array of investment management strategies, including passive and active, such as enhanced indexing, using quantitative and fundamental methods for both U.S. and global equity and fixed income securities. SSGA also offers ETFs, such as the SPDR® ETF brand. While certain management fees are directly determined by the values of assets under management and the investment strategies employed, management fees reflect other factors as well, including our relationship pricing for clients who
use multiple services, and the benchmarks specified in the respective management agreements related to performance fees.
Management fees decreased $31 million, or 10%, in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the first quarter of 2015 primarily due to lower global equity markets and net outflows, partially offset by recoveries associated with Lehman Brothers-relatedlower money market fee waivers.
Management fees generated outside the U.S. were approximately 36% of total management fees in the first quarter of 2016 compared to 34% in the first quarter of 2015.
TABLE 14: ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT BY ASSET CLASS AND INVESTMENT APPROACH(1)
  March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 March 31, 2015
(In billions)      
Equity:      
   Active $32
 $32
 $38
   Passive 1,295
 1,294
 1,434
Total Equity 1,327
 1,326
 1,472
Fixed-Income:      
   Active 17
 18
 17
   Passive 310
 294
 306
Total Fixed-Income 327
 312
 323
Cash(1)
 381
 368
 393
Multi-Asset-Class Solutions:      
   Active 17
 17
 31
   Passive 92
 86
 84
Total Multi-Asset-Class Solutions 109
 103
 115
Alternative Investments(2):
      
   Active 18
 17
 17
   Passive 134
 119
 123
Total Alternative Investments 152
 136
 140
Total $2,296
 $2,245
 $2,443
(1) Includes both floating- and constant-net-asset-value portfolios held in commingled structures or separate accounts.
(2) Includes real estate investment trusts, currency and commodities, including SPDR® Gold Fund, for which State Street is not the investment manager, but acts as distribution agent.
TABLE 15: EXCHANGE - TRADED FUNDS BY ASSET CLASS(1)(2)
  March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 March 31, 2015
(In billions)      
Alternative Investments(2)
 $45
 $34
 $40
Cash 3
 3
 1
Equity 349
 350
 356
Fixed-income 46
 41
 43
Total Exchange-Traded Funds $443
 $428
 $440
(1) ETFs are a component of assets recordedunder management presented in 2015 and the impact ofpreceding table.
(2) Includes SPDR® Gold Fund, for which State Street is not the strong U.S. dollar.investment manager, but acts as distribution agent.


19


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

TABLE 16: GEOGRAPHIC MIX OF ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT(1)
  March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 March 31, 2015
(In billions)      
North America $1,491
 $1,452
 $1,549
Europe/Middle East/Africa 496
 489
 566
Asia/Pacific 309
 304
 328
Total $2,296
 $2,245
 $2,443
(1) Geographic mix is based on client location or fund management location.

TABLE 17: ACTIVITY IN ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT BY PRODUCT CATEGORY
(In billions)Equity Fixed-Income 
Cash(2)
 Multi-Asset-Class Solutions 
Alternative Investments(3)
 Total
Balance as of March 31, 2015$1,472
 $323
 $393
 $115
 $140
 $2,443
Long-term institutional inflows(1)
210
 43
 
 41
 24
 318
Long-term institutional outflows(1)
(297) (52) 
 (35) (27) (411)
Long-term institutional flows, net(87) (9) 
 6
 (3) (93)
ETF flows, net4
 1
 1
 
 (3) 3
Cash fund flows, net
 
 (24) 
 
 (24)
Total flows, net(83) (8) (23) 6
 (6) (114)
Market appreciation(2)
(61) (2) (1) (18) 5
 (77)
Foreign exchange impact(2)
(2) (1) (1) 
 (3) (7)
Total market/foreign exchange impact(63) (3) (2) (18) 2
 (84)
Balance as of December 31, 20151,326
 312
 368
 103
 136
 2,245
Long-term institutional inflows(1)
63
 17
 
 12
 2
 94
Long-term institutional outflows(1)
(67) (20) 
 (9) (3) (99)
Long-term institutional flows, net(4) (3) 
 3
 (1) (5)
ETF flows, net(4) 4
 
 
 7
 7
Cash fund flows, net
 
 11
 
 
 11
Total flows, net(8) 1
 11
 3
 6
 13
Market appreciation(1) 9
 
 2
 7
 17
Foreign exchange impact10
 5
 2
 1
 3
 21
Total market/foreign exchange impact9
 14
 2
 3
 10
 38
Balance as of March 31, 2016$1,327
 $327
 $381
 $109
 $152
 $2,296
(1) Amounts represent long-term portfolios, excluding ETFs.
(2) Includes both floating- and constant-net-asset-value portfolios held in commingled structures or separate accounts.
(3) Includes real estate investment trusts, currency and commodities, including SPDR® Gold Fund, for which State Street is not the investment manager, but acts as distribution agent.
The positive net flows of approximately $13 billion in AUM as of March 31, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015 presented in the preceding table did not include approximately $8 billion of new asset management business, which was awarded to SSGA but not installed as of March 31, 2016. This new business will be reflected in assets under management in future periods after installation, and will generate management fee revenue in subsequent periods.
Total AUM as of March 31, 2016 included managed assets lost but not yet liquidated. Lost business occurs from time to time and it is difficult to predict the timing of client behavior in transitioning these assets. This timing can vary significantly.


20


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

FINANCIAL CONDITION
The structure of our consolidated statement of condition is primarily driven by the liabilities generated by our Investment Servicing and Investment Management lines of business. Our clients' needs and our operating objectives determine balance sheet volume, mix, and currency denomination. As our clients execute their worldwide cash management and investment activities, they utilize deposits and short-term investments that constitute the majority of our liabilities. These liabilities are generally in the form of interest-bearing transaction account deposits, which are denominated in a variety of currencies; non-interest-bearing demand deposits; and repurchase agreements, which generally serve as short-term investment alternatives for our clients.
Deposits and other liabilities resulting from client initiated transactions are invested in assets that generally have contractual maturities significantly longer than our liabilities; however, we evaluate the operational nature of our deposits and seek to maintain appropriate short-term liquidity of those liabilities that are not operational in nature and maintain longer-termed assets for our operational deposits. Our assets consist primarily of securities held in our available-for-sale or held-to-maturity


25


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

portfolios and short-duration financial instruments, such as interest-bearing deposits with banks and securities purchased under resale agreements. The actual mix of assets is determined by the characteristics of the client liabilities and our desire to maintain a well-diversified portfolio of high-quality assets.
TABLE 18: AVERAGE STATEMENT OF CONDITION(1)
TABLE 18: AVERAGE STATEMENT OF CONDITION(1)
TABLE 18: AVERAGE STATEMENT OF CONDITION(1)
Nine Months Ended September 30,2015 2014
Quarters Ended March 31,
2016 2015
(In millions)Average Balance Average BalanceAverage Balance Average Balance
Assets:      
Interest-bearing deposits with banks$74,830
 $50,153
$48,545
 $71,568
Securities purchased under resale agreements3,325
 4,717
2,490
 2,449
Trading account assets1,234
 947
860
 1,117
Investment securities107,216
 117,681
100,899
 112,656
Loans and leases17,711
 15,227
18,615
 18,025
Other interest-earning assets22,731
 15,138
22,672
 20,544
Average total interest-earning assets227,047
 203,863
194,081
 226,359
Cash and due from banks2,577
 4,719
2,690
 2,397
Other noninterest-earning assets28,343
 24,049
26,852
 30,297
Average total assets$257,967
 $232,631
$223,623
 $259,053
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity:      
Interest-bearing deposits:      
U.S.$31,479
 $19,016
$27,096
 $30,174
Non-U.S.105,347
 108,492
92,971
 103,831
Total interest-bearing deposits136,826
 127,508
120,067
 134,005
Securities sold under repurchase agreements9,576
 8,763
4,243
 9,354
Federal funds purchased21
 19
15
 24
Other short-term borrowings4,211
 4,096
1,688
 4,448
Long-term debt9,809
 9,340
11,027
 9,707
Other interest-bearing liabilities6,835
 7,237
5,951
 7,465
Average total interest-bearing liabilities167,278
 156,963
142,991
 165,003
Noninterest-bearing deposits54,153
 42,387
45,001
 55,066
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities15,080
 12,031
14,053
 17,767
Preferred shareholders’ equity2,322
 1,065
2,703
 1,961
Common shareholders’ equity19,134
 20,185
18,875
 19,256
Average total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$257,967
 $232,631
$223,623
 $259,053
  
(1) Additional information about our average statement of condition, primarily our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, is included under “Consolidated Results of Operations - Total Revenue - Net Interest Revenue” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.


21


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Investment Securities
TABLE 19: CARRYING VALUES OF INVESTMENT SECURITIES
(In millions)September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
Available for sale:      
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
Direct obligations$13,354
 $10,655
$6,342
 $5,718
Mortgage-backed securities18,829
 20,714
18,234
 18,165
Asset-backed securities:      
Student loans(1)
7,644
 12,460
6,817
 7,176
Credit cards1,504
 3,053
1,368
 1,341
Sub-prime458
 951
388
 419
Other1,955
 4,145
1,813
 1,764
Total asset-backed securities11,561
 20,609
10,386
 10,700
Non-U.S. debt securities:      
Mortgage-backed securities7,916
 9,606
7,612
 7,071
Asset-backed securities3,198
 3,226
2,704
 3,267
Government securities3,711
 3,909
5,070
 4,355
Other5,002
 5,428
5,009
 4,834
Total non-U.S. debt securities19,827
 22,169
20,395
 19,527
State and political subdivisions9,974
 10,820
10,026
 9,746
Collateralized mortgage obligations3,299
 5,339
2,938
 2,987
Other U.S. debt securities2,907
 4,109
2,231
 2,624
U.S. equity securities37
 39
40
 39
Non-U.S. equity securities3
 2
3
 3
U.S. money-market mutual funds298
 449
473
 542
Non-U.S. money-market mutual funds8
 8
18
 19
Total$80,097
 $94,913
$71,086
 $70,070
      
Held to Maturity:   
Held to maturity:   
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
Direct obligations$7,931
 $5,114
$22,603
 $20,878
Mortgage-backed securities46
 62
588
 610
Asset-backed securities:      
Student loans(1)
1,642
 1,814
1,544
 1,592
Credit cards897
 897
897
 897
Other404
 577
277
 366
Total asset-backed securities2,943
 3,288
2,718
 2,855
Non-U.S. debt securities:      
Mortgage-backed securities2,705
 3,787
2,147
 2,202
Asset-backed securities1,747
 2,868
1,109
 1,415
Government securities236
 154
273
 239
Other67
 72
217
 65
Total non-U.S. debt securities4,755
 6,881
3,746
 3,921
State and political subdivisions2
 9

 1
Collateralized mortgage obligations1,786
 2,369
1,557
 1,687
Total$17,463
 $17,723
$31,212
 $29,952
  
(1) Primarily composed of securities guaranteed by the federal government with respect to at least 97% of defaulted principal and accrued interest on the underlying loans.
Additional information about our investment securities portfolio is provided in noteNote 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.


26


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

We manage our investment securities portfolio to align with the interest-rate and duration characteristics of our client liabilities that we consider to be coreoperational deposits and in the context of the overall structure of our consolidated statement of condition, in consideration of the global interest-rate environment. We consider a well-diversified, high-credit quality investment securities portfolio to be an important element in the management of our consolidated statement of condition.
Approximately 92%93% of the carrying value of the portfolio was rated “AAA” or “AA” as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and 90%92% as of December 31, 2014.2015.
TABLE 20: INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO BY EXTERNAL CREDIT RATING
September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
AAA(1)
79% 73%80% 80%
AA13
 17
13
 12
A5
 6
4
 5
BBB2
 2
2
 2
Below BBB1
 2
1
 1
100% 100%100% 100%
  
(1)(1) Includes U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities that are split-rated, “AAA” by Moody’s Investors Service and “AA+” by Standard & Poor’s.
As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, the investment portfolio of 14,31612,862 securities was diversified with respect to asset class. Approximately 55%49% of the aggregate carrying value of the portfolio as of that dateMarch 31, 2016 was composed of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, compared to 64%51% as of December 31, 2014.2015. The asset-backed securities portfolio, of which approximately 93% and 96%92% of the carrying value as of September 30, 2015both March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014, respectively,2015 was floating-rate, consisted primarily of student loan-backed and credit card-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities were composed of securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, as well as U.S. and non-U.S. large-issuer collateralized mortgage obligations.
In December 2013, U.S. regulators issued final regulations to implement the Volcker rule. The Volcker rule will, over time, prohibit banking entities, including us and our affiliates, from engaging in certain prohibited proprietary trading activities, as defined in the final Volcker rule regulations, subject to exemptions for market making-related activities, risk-mitigating hedging, underwriting and certain other activities. The Volcker rule will also require banking entities to either restructure or divest certain ownership interests in, and relationships with, covered funds (as such terms are defined in the final Volcker rule regulations).
The Volcker rule became effective in July 2012, and the final implementing regulations became


In the absence22


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

effective in April 2014. We were required to bring our activities and investments into conformance with the Volcker rule and its final Volcker rule regulations onby July 21, 2015. In December 2014, the Federal Reserve issued an order, the 2016 conformance period extension, extending the Volcker rule’s general conformance period until July 21, 2016 for investments in and relationships with covered funds and certain foreign funds that were in place on or prior to December 31, 2013, referred to as legacy covered funds. Under the 2016 conformance period extension, all investments in and relationships related towith investments in a covered fund made or entered into after that dateDecember 31, 2013 by a banking entity and its affiliates, and all proprietary trading activities of those entities, were required to be in conformance with the Volcker rule and its final implementing regulations by July 21, 2015. The Federal Reserve stated in the 2016 conformance period extension that it intends to grant a final one-year extension of the general conformance period, to July 21, 2017, for banking entities to conform ownership interests in and relationships with legacy covered funds.
Whether certain types of investment securities or structures such as collateralized loan obligations, or CLOs constitute covered funds, as defined in the final Volcker rule regulations, and do not benefit from the exemptions provided in the Volcker rule, and whether a banking organization's investments therein constitute ownership interests remain subject to (1) market, and ultimately regulatory, interpretation, and (2) the specific terms and other characteristics relevant to such investment securities and structures.
As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, we held approximately $2.35$2.10 billion of investments in CLOs. As of the same date, these investments had an aggregate pre-tax net unrealized gain of approximately $57$29 million, composed of gross unrealized gains of $59$36 million and gross unrealized losses of $2$7 million. Comparatively, as of December 31, 2014,2015, we held approximately $4.54$2.10 billion of investments in CLOs which had an aggregate pre-tax net unrealized gain of approximately $97$43 million, composed of gross unrealized gains of $105$46 million and gross unrealized losses of $8$3 million. In the event that we or our banking regulators conclude that such investments in CLOs, or other investments, are covered funds under the Volker rule, we may be required to divest of such investments. If other banking entities reach similar conclusions with respect to similar investments held by them, the prices of such investments could decline significantly, and we may be required to divest of such investments at a significant discount compared to the investments' book value. This could result in a material adverse


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

effect on our consolidated results of operations or on our consolidated financial condition in the period in which such a divestiture occurs or on our consolidated financial condition.occurs.
The final Volcker rule regulations also require banking entities to establish extensive programs designed to ensure compliance with the restrictions of the Volcker rule. We have established a compliance program which we believe complies with the final Volcker rule regulations as currently in effect. Such compliance program restricts our ability in the future to service certain types of funds, in particular covered funds for which SSGA acts as an advisor and certain types of trustee relationships. Consequently, Volcker rule compliance entails both the cost of a compliance program and loss of certain revenue and future opportunities.
Non-U.S. Debt Securities
Approximately 25%24% of the aggregate carrying value of our investment securities portfolio was composed of non-U.S. debt securities as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 compared to approximately 26%23% as of December 31, 2014.2015.
TABLE 21: NON-U.S. DEBT SECURITIES
(In millions)September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
Available for Sale:   
Available for sale:   
United Kingdom$6,129
 $6,925
$5,664
 $5,754
Australia2,335
 3,401
3,473
 3,316
Canada2,480
 2,711
2,612
 2,400
Netherlands2,254
 3,219
1,877
 1,839
Japan1,445
 1,348
South Korea1,103
 1,052
France1,057
 1,407
943
 954
South Korea846
 920
Japan859
 860
Germany1,006
 810
892
 990
Italy592
 389
Norway555
 438
582
 524
Italy384
 464
Finland281
 513
305
 319
Belgium245
 234
Sweden126
 103
222
 123
Belgium111
 120
Hong Kong123
 
Other(1)
322
 278
317
 285
Total$18,745
 $22,169
$20,395
 $19,527
Held to Maturity:   
Held to maturity:   
United Kingdom$1,383
 $1,779
$973
 $1,067
Australia1,037
 1,712
900
 917
Germany1,034
 1,651
730
 832
Netherlands818
 1,128
691
 684
Singapore
 154
158
 129
Spain113
 155
111
 108
Italy64
 79
59
 59
Ireland60
 68
11
 10
Other(2)
122
 155
113
 115
Total$4,631
 $6,881
$3,746
 $3,921
  
(1) Included approximately $222$272 million and $66$205 million as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, respectively, related to Portugal, Ireland, Austria and Spain, all of which were related to mortgage-backed securities and auto loans.
(2) Included approximately $32 million and $36$31 million as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, respectively, of securities related to Portugal, all of which were mortgage-backed securities.
Approximately 90%88% and 88%89% of the aggregate carrying value of these non-U.S. debt securities was rated “AAA” or “AA” as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, respectively. The majority of these securities comprisecomprised senior positions within the


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

security structures; these positions have a level of protection provided through subordination and other forms of credit protection. As of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, approximately 72%69% and 74%70%, respectively, of the aggregate carrying value of these non-U.S. debt securities was floating-rate, and accordingly, we consider these securities to have minimal interest-rate risk.
As of September 30, 2015, theseMarch 31, 2016, our non-U.S. debt securities had an average market-to-book ratio of 100.8%100.6%, and an aggregate pre-tax net unrealized gain of approximately $205$136 million, composed of gross unrealized gains of $267$214 million and gross unrealized losses of $62$78 million. These unrealized amounts included a pre-tax net unrealized gain of $110$62 million, composed of gross unrealized gains of $138$105 million and gross unrealized losses of $28$43 million, associated with non-U.S. debt securities available for sale.
As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, the underlying collateral for non-U.S. mortgage- and asset-backed securities primarily included U.K. prime mortgages, Australian and Dutch mortgages and German automobile loans. The securities listed under “Canada” were composed of Canadian government securities and corporate debt and covered bonds. The securities listed under “France” were composed of automobile loans, prime mortgages, and corporate debt and covered bonds. The securities listed under “Japan” were substantially composed of Japanese government securities. The securities listed under “South Korea” were composed of South Korean government securities.
Additional information on our exposures relating to Spain, Italy, Ireland and Portugal as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 is provided under "Financial Condition - Cross-Border Outstandings" in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Municipal Obligations
We carried approximately $9.97$10.03 billion of municipal securities classified as state and political subdivisions in our investment securities portfolio as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 as shown in Table 19: Carrying Values of Investment Securities. Substantially all of these securities were classified as available for sale,AFS, with the remainder classified as held to maturity.HTM. As of the same date, we also provided approximately $8.66$8.79 billion of credit and liquidity facilities to municipal issuers.
TABLE 22: STATE AND MUNICIPAL OBLIGORS(1)
(Dollars in millions)
Total  Municipal
Securities
 
Credit and
Liquidity 
Facilities(2)
 Total 
% of Total Municipal
Exposure
September 30, 2015      
State of Issuer:       
Texas$1,262
 $1,723
 $2,985
 16%
California444
 2,027
 2,471
 13
New York816
 1,147
 1,963
 11
Massachusetts927
 839
 1,766
 9
Illinois324
 551
 875
 5
Maryland454
 416
 870
 5
Total$4,227
 $6,703
 $10,930
  
        
December 31, 2014      
State of Issuer:       
Texas$1,326
 $1,405
 $2,731
 15%
California458
 1,837
 2,295
 12
New York920
 996
 1,916
 10
Massachusetts989
 847
 1,836
 10
Maryland446
 416
 862
 5
Total$4,139
 $5,501
 $9,640
  
TABLE 22: STATE AND MUNICIPAL OBLIGORS (1)
(Dollars in millions)
Total  Municipal
Securities
 
Credit and
Liquidity 
Facilities(2)
 Total 
% of Total Municipal
Exposure
March 31, 2016      
State of Issuer:      
Texas$1,342
 $1,743
 $3,085
 16%
California487
 2,241
 2,728
 15
New York817
 1,101
 1,918
 10
Massachusetts934
 900
 1,834
 10
Maryland490
 413
 903
 5
Total$4,070
 $6,398
 $10,468
  
        
December 31, 2015      
State of Issuer:      
Texas$1,250
 $1,962
 $3,212
 17%
California444
 2,220
 2,664
 14
New York817
 1,259
 2,076
 11
Massachusetts927
 731
 1,658
 9
Maryland454
 413
 867
 5
Total$3,892
 $6,585
 $10,477
  
    
(1)(1) Represented 5% or more of our aggregate municipal credit exposure of approximately $18.64$18.81 billion and $18.44$18.50 billion across our businesses as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, respectively.
(2) Includes municipal loans which are also presented within tableTable 24.
Our aggregate municipal securities exposure presented in Table 22: State and Municipal Obligors, was concentrated primarily with highly-rated counterparties, with approximately 88%91% of the obligors rated “AAA” or “AA” as of September 30, 2015.March 31, 2016. As of that date, approximately 56%58% and 41%37% of our aggregate municipal securities exposure was associated with general obligation and revenue bonds, respectively. In addition, we had no exposures associated with industrial development or land development bonds. The portfolios are also diversified geographically, with the states that represent our largest exposures widely dispersed across the U.S.
Additional information with respect to our assessment of other-than-temporary impairment of our municipal securities is provided in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Impairment
Impairment exists when the fair value of an individual security is below its amortized cost basis. Impairment of a security is further assessed to determine whether such impairment is other-than-temporary. When the impairment is deemed to be other-than-temporary, we record the loss in our consolidated statement of income. In addition, for AFS and HTM debt securities, available for sale and held to maturity, we record impairment in our consolidated statement of income when management intends to sell (or may be required to sell) the securities before they recover in value, or when management expects the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the securities to be less than the amortized cost of the impaired security (a credit loss).


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The decreaseincrease in the net unrealized gain position as of September 30, 2015 fromMarch 31, 2016 as compared to December 31, 2014,2015, presented in Table 23: Amortized Cost, Fair Value and Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) of Investment Securities, was primarily attributable to widening spreads.the decline in interest rates during the quarter.
TABLE 23: AMORTIZED COST, FAIR VALUE AND NET UNREALIZED GAINS (LOSSES) OF INVESTMENT SECURITIES
September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
(In millions)Amortized Cost Net Unrealized Gains(Losses) Fair Value Amortized Cost Net Unrealized Gains(Losses) Fair ValueAmortized Cost Net Unrealized Gains(Losses) Fair Value Amortized Cost Net Unrealized Gains(Losses) Fair Value
Available for sale(1)
$79,415
 $682
 $80,097
 $94,108
 $805
 $94,913
$70,581
 $505
 $71,086
 $69,843
 $227
 $70,070
Held to maturity(1)
17,463
 73
 17,536
 17,723
 119
 17,842
31,212
 343
 31,555
 29,952
 (154) 29,798
Total investment securities$96,878
 $755
 $97,633
 $111,831
 $924
 $112,755
$101,793
 $848
 $102,641
 $99,795
 $73
 $99,868
Net after-tax unrealized gain (loss)  $453
     $554
    $509
     $44
  
    
(1) Securities available for saleAFS securities are carried at fair value, with after-tax net unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, or AOCI. Securities held to maturityAOCI. HTM securities are carried at cost, and unrealized gains and losses are not recorded in our consolidated financial statements.

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We conduct periodic reviews of individual securities to assess whether other-than-temporary impairmentOTTI exists. Our assessment of other-than-temporary impairmentOTTI involves an evaluation of economic and security-specific factors. Such factors are based on estimates, derived by management, which contemplate current market conditions and security-specific performance. To the extent that market conditions are worse than management's expectations other-than-temporary impairmentor due to idiosyncratic bond performance, OTTI could increase, in particular the credit-related component that would be recorded in our consolidated statement of income.
InWe had less than $1 million of OTTI in the aggregate, we recorded net losses from other-than-temporary impairmentfirst quarter of 2016 compared to $1 million in the first nine monthsquarter of 2015 compared to losses of $11 million in the first nine months of 2014.2015. Management considers the aggregate decline in fair value of the remaining investment securities and the resulting gross unrealized losses of $571$576 million as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 to be temporary and not the result of any material changes in the credit characteristics of the securities. Additional information with respect to other-than-temporary impairments,OTTI, net impairment losses and gross unrealized losses is provided in noteNote 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Given our U.S. mortgage-backed securities exposure, our assessment of other-than-temporary impairment relies, in part, on our estimates of trends in the U.S. housing market in addition to trends in unemployment rates, interest rates and the timing of defaults. Overall, our evaluation of other-than-temporary impairment as of September 30, 2015 continued to include an expectation of a U.S. housing recovery characterized by relatively modest growth in national housing prices over the next few years. The potential for other-than-temporary impairment of our investment securities portfolio continues to be sensitive to our estimates of future cumulative losses. However, given our positive outlook for U.S. national housing prices, our sensitivity analysis indicated, as of September 30, 2015, that our investment securities portfolio was less exposed to the U.S. housing market outlook relative to other factors, including unemployment rates, interest rates and timing of default. The timing of default may affect, among other things, the timing of cash flows or the credit quality associated with the mortgages collateralizing certain of our residential mortgage-backed securities which, accordingly, could result in the recognition of additional other-than-temporary impairment in future periods.
Our evaluation of potential other-than-temporary impairmentOTTI of mortgage-backed securities with
collateral in Spain, Italy, Ireland, and Portugal takes into account slow economic growth, austerity measures, and government intervention in the corresponding mortgage markets and assumes a conservative baseline macroeconomic environment. Our baseline view assumes a recessionary period characterized by high unemployment and by additional declines in housing prices between 3% and 17%21%. Our evaluation of other-than-temporary impairmentOTTI in our base case does not assume a disorderly sovereign debt restructuring or a break-up of the Eurozone.
In addition, we perform stress testing
Management considers the aggregate decline in fair value of the remaining investment securities and sensitivity analyses in order to assess the impact of more severe assumptions on potential other-than-temporary impairment. For example, based on our stress testing and sensitivity analyses, we estimate, using relevant informationresulting gross unrealized losses as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 to be temporary and assuming that all other factors remain constant, thatnot the result of any material changes in more stressful scenarios in which unemployment, gross domestic product and housing prices deteriorate over the relevant periods more than we expected for Spain, Italy, Ireland and Portugal ascredit characteristics of September 30, 2015, other-than-temporary impairment could increase by a range of approximately zero to $20 million. This sensitivity estimate is based on a number of factors. To the extent that such factors differ significantly from management's current expectations, resulting loss estimates may differ materially from those stated. Forsecurities. Additional information about these gross unrealized losses is provided in Note 3 to the review of securities for impairment, refer to pages 73 to 75consolidated financial statements included in the 2014this Form 10-K.10-Q.
Loans and Leases
TABLE 24: U.S. AND NON- U.S. LOANS AND LEASES
(In millions)September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
Institutional:      
U.S.$15,639
 $14,908
$15,809
 $16,237
Non-U.S.3,377
 3,263
3,351
 2,534
Commercial real estate:      
U.S.51
 28
27
 28
Total loans and leases$19,067
 $18,199
$19,187
 $18,799
The increase in loans in the institutional segment as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 as compared to December 31, 20142015 was primarily driven by higher levels of short-duration advances, partially offset by a decrease in other commercial and increased investment in the non-investment-grade lending market through participations in loan syndications, specifically senior secured bankfinancial loans.
Short-duration advances to our clients included in the institutional segment were $4.56$4.08 billion and $3.54$2.62 billion as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, respectively. These short-duration advances provide liquidity to fund clients in support of their transaction flows associated with securities settlement activities.
As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, our investment in senior secured loans totaled approximately $3.27 billion and $3.14 billion, respectively. In addition, we had binding unfunded commitments as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 of $82 million and $186 million, respectively, to participate in such syndications.


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

support of their transaction flows associated with securities settlement activities.
As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, our investment in senior secured bank loans totaled approximately $2.93 billion and $2.07 billion, respectively. In addition, we had binding unfunded commitments as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 of $178 million and $337 million, respectively, to participate in such syndications.
These senior secured bank loans, which we haveare primarily rated “speculative” under our internal risk-rating framework (refer to noteNote 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q), are externally rated “BBB,” “BB” or “B,” with approximately 94%93% of the loans rated “BB” or “B” as of September 30, 2015, compared to 95% as ofMarch 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014.2015. Our investment strategy involves limiting our investment to larger, more liquid credits underwritten by major global financial institutions, applying our internal credit analysis process to each potential investment, and diversifying our exposure by counterparty and industry segment. However, these loans have significant exposure to credit losses relative to higher-rated loans.
As of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014, our allowance for loan losses included approximately $37 million and $26 million, respectively, related to these senior secured bank loans. As this portfolio grows and becomes more seasoned, our allowance for loan losses related to these loans may increase through additional provisions for credit losses.
As of September 30, 2015, and December 31, 2014, unearned income deducted from our investment in leveraged lease financing was $103$100 million and $109$102 million, respectively, for U.S. leases and $238$209 million and $261$231 million, respectively, for non-U.S. leases.
The commercial real estate, or CRE loans are composed of the loans acquired in 2008 pursuant to indemnified repurchase agreements with an affiliate of Lehman as a result of the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy. Additional information about all of our loan-and-lease segments, as well as underlying classes, is provided in noteNote 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
As of both September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 noNo loans, including CRE loans were modified in troubled debt restructurings. No loans, were modified in troubled debt restructurings in 2015the first quarter of 2016 or in 2014.2015.
TABLE 25: ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
 Quarters Ended March 31,
(In millions)2016 2015
Allowance for loan losses:   
Beginning balance$46
 $37
Provision for loan losses(1)
4
 4
Charge-offs(2)
(3) 
Recoveries
 
Ending balance$47
 $41
TABLE 25: ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2015 2014
(In millions)   
Allowance for loan losses:   
Beginning balance$37
 $28
Provision for loan losses:   
Institutional11
 6
Ending balance$48
 $34
(1) Includes $4 million of provision related to institutional loans for the quarters ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(2) Includes $3 million in charge-offs related to institutional loans for the first quarter of 2016.
The provision of $11$4 million and the charge-offs of $3 million recorded in the first nine monthsquarter of 2015 was2016 were associated with our exposure to certain senior secured bank loans to non-investment grade borrowers, which wewere purchased in connection with our participation in loan syndications in the non-investment-grade lending market.syndicated loans.
As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, approximately $37$36 million of our allowance for loan losses was related to senior secured bank loans included in the institutional segment; thesegment. As this portfolio grows and matures, our allowance for
loan losses related to these loans may increase through additional provisions for credit losses. The remaining $11 million was related to other commercial and financial loans in the institutional segment.segment loans.
Cross-Border Outstandings
Cross-border outstandings are amounts payable to us by non-U.S. counterparties which are denominated in U.S. dollars or other non-local currency, as well as non-U.S. local currency claims not funded by local currency liabilities. Our cross-border outstandings consist primarily of deposits with banks; loans and lease financing, including short-duration advances; investment securities; amounts related to foreign exchange and interest-rate contracts; and securities finance.  In addition to credit risk, cross-border outstandings have the risk that, as a result of political or economic conditions in a country, borrowers may be unable to meet their contractual repayment obligations of principal and/or interest when due because of the unavailability of, or restrictions on, foreign exchange needed by borrowers to repay their obligations.
We place deposits with non-U.S. counterparties that have strong internal State Street risk ratings. Counterparties are approved and monitored by our Country Risk Committee. This process includes financial analysis of non-U.S. counterparties and the use of an internal risk-rating system. Each counterparty is reviewed at least annually and potentially more frequently based on deteriorating credit fundamentals or general market conditions. We also utilize risk mitigation and other facilities that may reduce our exposure through the use of cash collateral and/or balance sheet netting where we deem appropriate. In addition, the Country Risk Committee performs country-risk analyses and monitors limits on country exposure.
The total cross-border outstandings presented in Table 26: Cross-Border Outstandings, represented approximately 27% and 25% of our consolidated total assets as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.


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The total cross-border outstandings presented in Table 26: Cross-Border Outstandings represented approximately 20% and 17% of our consolidated total assets as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
TABLE 26: CROSS-BORDER OUTSTANDINGS(1)
TABLE 26: CROSS-BORDER OUTSTANDINGS(1)
TABLE 26: CROSS-BORDER OUTSTANDINGS(1)
(In millions)
Investment Securities and Other Assets 
 Derivatives and Securities on Loan Total Cross-Border Outstandings
Investment Securities and Other Assets 
 Derivatives and Securities on Loan Total Cross-Border Outstandings
September 30, 2015     
March 31, 2016     
United Kingdom$18,964
 $2,137
 $21,101
$19,541
 $1,808
 $21,349
Germany6,647
 577
 7,224
14,564
 836
 15,400
Japan8,107
 43
 8,150
14,166
 87
 14,253
Canada3,578
 1,442
 5,020
Luxembourg3,367
 523
 3,890
Netherlands2,754
 320
 3,074
Australia2,252
 415
 2,667
December 31, 2015   
  
United Kingdom$16,965
 $1,589
 $18,554
Japan17,328
 87
 17,415
Germany12,111
 569
 12,680
Australia5,067
 666
 5,733
4,035
 292
 4,327
Canada2,856
 1,211
 4,067
3,156
 1,113
 4,269
Netherlands3,208
 267
 3,475
December 31, 2014 
  
  
United Kingdom$15,288
 $1,769
 $17,057
Japan9,465
 644
 10,109
Australia5,981
 1,039
 7,020
Netherlands4,425
 330
 4,755
Canada3,227
 974
 4,201
Germany3,075
 792
 3,867
Luxembourg3,034
 514
 3,548
  
(1) Cross-border outstandings included countries in which we do business, and which amounted to at least 1% of our consolidated total assets as of the dates indicated.
As of September 30, 2015 and DecemberMarch 31, 2014, we had no cross-border exposure to Greece and2016, there were no countries with the exception of France, whose aggregate cross-border outstandings amounted to between 0.75% and 1% of our consolidated assets. As of December 31, 2015, aggregate cross-border outstandings in countries which amounted to between 0.75% and 1% of our total assets.consolidated assets totaled approximately $2.20 billion to Netherlands.
TABLE 27: CROSS-BORDER OUTSTANDINGS (SPAIN, ITALY, IRELAND AND PORTUGAL)
(In millions)
Investment
Securities and
Other Assets 
 Derivatives and Securities on Loan Total Cross-Border Outstandings
September 30, 2015     
Ireland$376
 $793
 $1,169
Italy721
 1
 722
Spain280
 41
 321
Portugal58
 
 58
December 31, 2014 
  
  
Ireland$510
 $1,253
 $1,763
Italy907
 11
 918
Spain155
 71
 226
Portugal69
 
 69
The aggregate cross-border exposures presented in Table 27: Cross-Border Outstandings (Spain, Italy, Ireland and Portugal), consisted primarily of interest-bearing deposits, investment securities, loans, including short-duration advances, and foreign exchange contracts. We did not record
any provisions for loan losses with respect to any of our exposure in these countries as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
Our aggregate exposure to Spain, Italy, Ireland and Portugal as of September 30, 2015 did not include any direct sovereign debt exposure to any of these countries. Our indirect exposure to these countries totaled approximately $875 million of auto-loans, mortgage- and asset-backed securities composed of $280 million in Spain, $447 million in Italy, $89 million in Ireland and $59 million in Portugal as of September 30, 2015. These securities had an aggregate pre-tax net unrealized gain of approximately $80 million, composed of gross unrealized gains of $82 million and gross unrealized losses of $2 million as of September 30, 2015. We recorded no other-than-temporary impairment on these mortgage- and asset-backed securities in our consolidated statement of income in either the first nine months of 2015 or 2014.
TABLE 27: CROSS-BORDER OUTSTANDINGS (IRELAND, ITALY, SPAIN AND PORTUGAL)
(In millions)
Investment
Securities and
Other Assets 
 Derivatives and Securities on Loan Total Cross-Border Outstandings
March 31, 2016     
Ireland$437
 $547
 $984
Italy811
 
 811
Spain250
 41
 291
Portugal58
 
 58
December 31, 2015   
  
Ireland$326
 $678
 $1,004
Italy460
 
 460
Spain150
 12
 162
Portugal26
 
 26
Throughout the sovereign debt crisis, the major independent credit rating agencies have downgraded U.S. and non-U.S. financial institutions and sovereign issuers which have been, and may in the future be, significant counterparties to us, or whose financial instruments serve as collateral on which we rely for credit risk mitigation purposes, and may do so again in the future. As a result, we may be exposed to increased counterparty risk, leading to negative ratings volatility.

Risk Management
In the normal course of our global business activities, we are exposed to a variety of risks, some inherent in the financial services industry, others more specific to our business activities. Our risk management framework focuses on material risks, which include the following:
credit and counterparty risk;
liquidity risk, funding and management;
operational risk;
information technology risk;
market risk associated with our trading activities;
market risk associated with our non-trading activities, which we refer to as asset-and-liability management, and which consists primarily of interest-rate risk;
strategic risk;
model risk; and
reputational, fiduciary and business conduct risk.
Many of these risks, as well as certain of the factors underlying each of these risks that could affect our businesses and our consolidated financial statements, are discussed in detail under Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” included in our 20142015 Form 10-K.
The scope of our business requires that we balance these risks with a comprehensive and well-


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integrated risk management function. The identification, assessment, monitoring, mitigation and reporting of risks are essential to our financial performance and successful management of our businesses. These risks, if not effectively managed, can result in losses to State Street as well as erosion of our capital and damage to our reputation. Our approach, including board and senior management oversight and a system of policies, procedures, limits, risk measurement and monitoring and internal controls, allows for an assessment of risks within a framework for evaluating opportunities for the prudent use of capital that appropriately balances risk and return. For additional information on our risk management, including our risk appetite framework and risk governance committee structure, refer to pages 7877 to 8382 in the 2014our 2015 Form 10-K.
Credit Risk Management
We define credit risk as the risk of financial loss if a counterparty, borrower or obligor, collectively referred to as a counterparty, is either unable or unwilling to repay borrowings or settle a transaction in accordance with underlying contractual terms. We assume credit risk in our traditional non-trading lending activities, such as loans and contingent commitments, in our investment securities portfolio, where recourse to a counterparty exists, and in our direct and indirect trading activities, such as principal securities lending and foreign exchange and indemnified agency securities lending. We also assume credit risk in our day-to-day treasury and securitiesand other settlement operations, in the form of deposit placements and other cash balances, with central banks or private sector institutions.     
For additional information on our credit risk management, including our core policies and principles, structure and organization, credit ratings, risk parameter estimates, credit risk mitigation, credit limits, reporting, monitoring, controls and reserve for credit losses, refer to pages 8382 to 8887 in the 2014our 2015 Form 10-K.


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Liquidity Risk Management
Our liquidity framework contemplates areas of potential risk based on our activities, size, and other appropriate risk-related factors. In managing liquidity risk we employ limits, maintain established metrics and early warning indicators, and perform routine stress testing to identify potential liquidity needs. This process involves the evaluation of a combination of internal and external scenarios which assist us in measuring our liquidity position and in identifying potential increases in cash needs or decreases in available sources of cash, as well as the potential impairment of our ability to access the global capital markets.
On October 30, 2015, the Federal Reserve released its proposed total loss-absorbing capacity (TLAC) and external long term debt (ELTD) requirements for U.S. domiciled G-SIBs, like State Street. If adopted as proposed, the rule would, among other things (1) require us to hold qualifying equity and long-term debt in the amount equal to the greater of 21.5% of total risk-weighted assets (using the capital conservation buffer of 2.5% and an estimated GSIB method 1 surcharge of 1%) and 9.5% of total leverage exposure, as defined by the supplementary leverage ratio, or SLR, final rule and (2) require that we hold qualifying external long-term debt equal to the greater of 7.5% of risk weighted assets (using an estimated GSIB method 2 surcharge of 1.5%) and 4.5% of total leverage exposure, as defined by the SLR final rule. The risk-based requirements, if adopted as proposed, will be phased-in starting in 2019 through 2022.  The proposed leverage requirements would be effective in 2019.
We manage our liquidity on a global, consolidated basis. We also manage liquidity on a stand-alone basis at the parent company, as well as at certain branches and subsidiaries of State Street Bank. State Street Bank generally has access to markets and funding sources limited to banks, such as the federal funds market and the Federal Reserve's discount window. Our parent company is managed to a more conservative liquidity profile, reflecting narrower market access. Our parent company typically holds enough cash, primarily in the form of interest-bearing deposits or time deposits with its banking subsidiaries, to meet its current debt maturities and cash needs, as well as those projected over the next one-year period. As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, the value of our parent company's net liquid assets totaled $6.75$4.51 billion, compared with $6.03$5.73 billion as of December 31, 2014.2015. As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, our parent company and State Street Bank have approximately $1.0 billion and $601 million, respectively, ofno senior andnotes or subordinated notes outstanding that will mature in the next twelve months.
For additional information on our liquidity risk management, as well as liquidity risk metrics, refer to pages 87 to 88 to 94 in the 2014our 2015 Form 10-K.
Liquidity Coverage For additional information on our liquidity ratios, including LCR and Net Stable Funding Ratio,
On September 3, 2014, U.S. banking regulators issued a final rule refer to implement the Basel Committee's liquidity coverage ratio, or LCR,page 9 in the U.S. The LCR is intended to promote the short-term resilience of internationally active banking organizations, like State Street, to improve the banking industry's ability to absorb shocks arising from idiosyncratic or market stress, and improve the measurement and management of liquidity risk.


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The LCR measures an institution’s high-quality liquid assets, or HQLA, against its net cash outflows. The LCR is being phased in, beginning on January 1,our 2015 at 80%, with full implementation beginning on January 1, 2017.
Form 10-K. Beginning in JanuaryJuly 2015, State Street waswe were required to report itsour LCR to the Federal Reserve.Reserve on a daily basis. As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, our LCR was in excess of 100%.
Compliance with the LCR has required that we maintain an investment portfolio that contains an adequate amount of HQLA. In general, HQLA investments generate a lower investment return than other the types of investments, resulting in a negative impact on our net interest revenue and our net interest margin.  In addition, the level of HQLA we are required to maintain under the LCR is dependent upon our client relationships and the nature of services we provide, which may change over time.  For example, if the percentage of our operational deposits relative to deposits that are not maintained for operational purposes increases, we would expect to require less HQLA in order to maintain our LCR.  Conversely, if the percentage of deposits that are not maintained for operational purposes increases relative to our operational deposits, we would expect to require additional HQLA in order to maintain our LCR.
Net Stable Funding Ratio
In October 2014, the Basel Committee issued final guidance with respect to the Net Stable Funding Ratio, or NSFR. The NSFR will require banking organizations to maintain a stable funding profile relative to the composition of their assets and off-balance sheet activities. The NSFR limits over-reliance on short-term wholesale funding, encourages better assessment of funding risk across all on- and off-balance sheet exposures, and promotes funding stability. The final guidance establishes a one-year liquidity standard representing the proportion of long-term assets funded by long-term stable funding, with the NSFR scheduled to become a minimum standard beginning on January 1, 2018.  
U.S. banking regulators have not yet issued a proposal to implement the NSFR. We are reviewing the specifics of the final guidance and will evaluate the U.S. implementation of this standard to analyze the impact and develop strategies for compliance as rules are proposed.
Asset Liquidity
Central to the management of our liquidity is asset liquidity, which consists primarily of unencumbered highly liquid securities, cash and cash equivalents reported on our consolidated statement of condition. We restrict the eligibility of securities of
asset liquidity to U.S. Government and federal agency securities (including mortgage-backed securities), selected non-U.S. Government and supranational securities as well as certain other high- quality securities which generally are more liquid than other types of assets even in times of stress. Our
asset liquidity metric is similar to the HQLA under the U.S. LCR, and our HQLA, under the LCR final rule definition, arewere estimated to be $104.84$102.62 billion and $115.58$109.39 billion as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, respectively.
TABLE 28: COMPONENTS OF HQLA BY TYPE OF ASSET
(In millions) September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
Excess Central Bank Balances $60,583
 $85,176
 $55,969
 $66,063
U.S. Treasuries 15,716
 10,308
 22,196
 22,518
Other Investment securities 25,191
 16,545
 19,857
 16,952
Foreign government 3,354
 3,554
 4,600
 3,861
Total $104,844
 $115,583
 $102,622
 $109,394
    
With respect to highly liquid short-term investments presented in the preceding table, due to the continued elevated level of client deposits as of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, we maintained cash balances in excess of regulatory requirements governing deposits with the Federal Reserve of approximately $60.58$55.97 billion at the Federal Reserve, the ECB and other non-U.S. central banks, compared to $85.18$66.06 billion as of December 31, 2014.2015. The lower levels of deposits with banks during the quarter endedMarch 31, 2016 compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2015 resulted from management actions to reduce client deposits as part of our previously described balance sheet management actions towards the end of 2015. The increase in investment securities as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 compared to December 31, 2014,2015, presented in the table, was mainly associated with repositioning the investment portfolio in light of the liquidity requirements of the LCR.
Liquid securities carried in our asset liquidity include securities pledged without corresponding advances from the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, or FRB,FRBB, the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston, or FHLB, and other non-U.S. central banks. State Street Bank is a member of the FHLB. This membership allows for advances of liquidity in varying terms against high-quality collateral, which helps facilitate asset-and-liability management.
Access to primary, intra-day and contingent liquidity provided by these utilities is an important source of contingent liquidity with utilization subject to underlying conditions. As of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, we had no outstanding primary credit borrowings from the FRBFRBB discount window or any other central bank facility, and as of the same dates, no FHLB advances were outstanding.
In addition to the securities included in our asset liquidity, we have significant amounts of other unencumbered investment securities. The aggregate fair value of those securities was $30.15$41.05 billion as of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, compared to $60.10$41.00 billion as of


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December 31, 2014.2015. These securities are available sources of liquidity, although not as rapidly deployed as those included in our asset liquidity.


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Uses of Liquidity
Significant uses of our liquidity could result from the following: withdrawals of client deposits; draw-downs of unfunded commitments to extend credit or to purchase securities, generally provided through lines of credit; and short-duration advance facilities. Such circumstances would generally arise under stress conditions including deterioration in credit ratings. We had unfunded commitments to extend credit with gross contractual amounts totaling $22.28$23.57 billion and $24.43$22.58 billion as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, respectively. These amounts do not reflect the value of any collateral. As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, approximately 76%75% of our unfunded commitments to extend credit expire within one year. Since many of our commitments are expected to expire or renew without being drawn upon, the gross contractual amounts do not necessarily represent our future cash requirements.

State Street Corporation, like other bank holding companies with total consolidated assets of $50 billion or more, periodically submits a plan for rapid and orderly resolution in the event of material financial distress or failure--commonly referred to as a resolution plan or a living will--to the Federal Reserve and the FDIC under Section 165(d) of the Dodd-Frank Act. State Street submitted its 2015 resolution plan to the Federal Reserve and the FDIC on July 1, 2015. Through resolution planning, State Street seeks,we seek, in the event of the insolvency of State Street, to maintain State Street Bank’s role as a key infrastructure provider within the financial system, while minimizing risk to the financial system and maximizing value for the benefit of State Street’sour stakeholders. State Street hasWe have and will continue to focus management attention and resources to meet regulatory expectations with respect to resolution planning. As set out in itsour 2015 resolution plan, in the event of material financial distress or failure, State Street’sour preferred resolution strategy, referred to as the single point of entry strategy, provides for the recapitalization of State Street Bank by the parent company (for example, by forgiving inter-company indebtedness of State Street Bank owed to the parent company) prior to the parent company’s entry into bankruptcy proceedings. The recapitalization is intended to enable State Street Bank and its material subsidiaries to continue operating. Under this single point of entry strategy, State Street Bank and its material entity subsidiaries would not themselves enter into resolution proceedings; they would instead be transferred to a newly organized holding company held by a reorganization trust for the benefit of the parent company’s claimants. In the event that such
recapitalization actions occur and were unsuccessful in stabilizing State Street Bank, the parent company's financial condition would be adversely impacted and equity and debt holders of the parent company, may
as a consequence, be in a worse position than if the recapitalization did not occur.
We submitted our 2015 resolution plan to the Federal Reserve and the FDIC on July 1, 2015.  On April 13, 2016, the regulatory authorities announced the completion of their review of the resolution plan.  While the Federal Reserve and the FDIC noted improvements in the plan over State Street’s prior resolution plans, the regulatory authorities jointly determined that the 2015 resolution plan is not credible or would not facilitate an orderly resolution.  We are required to address the deficiencies jointly identified by the Federal Reserve and the FDIC by October 1, 2016.  We may not successfully implement our plans to address the deficiencies jointly identified by the Federal Reserve and the FDIC with respect to our 2015 resolution plan or these plans may not be considered to be sufficient by the Federal Reserve and the FDIC, due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to challenges we may experience in interpreting and addressing regulatory expectations, failure to implement remediation in a timely manner, the complexities of development of a comprehensive plan to resolve a global custodial bank and related costs and dependencies. If we fail to meet regulatory expectations to the satisfaction of the Federal Reserve and the FDIC in our resolution plan submission due on October 1, 2016 or in any future submission, we could be subject to more stringent capital, leverage or liquidity requirements, or restrictions on our growth, activities or operations.
Funding
Deposits
We provide products and services including custody, accounting, administration, daily pricing, foreign exchange services, cash management, financial asset management, securities finance and investment advisory services. As a provider of these products and services, we generate client deposits, which have generally provided a stable, low-cost source of funds. As a global custodian, clients place deposits with State Street entities in various currencies. We invest these client deposits in a combination of investment securities and short-duration financial instruments whose mix is determined by the characteristics of the deposits.
For the past several years, we have frequently experienced higher client deposit inflows toward the end of each fiscal quarter or the end of the fiscal year. As a result, we believe average client deposit balances are more reflective of ongoing funding than period-end balances.


TABLE 29: CLIENT DEPOSITS
   Average Balance
 September 30, Quarters Ended September 30,
(In millions)2015 2014 2015 2014
Client deposits(1)
$168,757
 $200,098
 $178,313
 $164,706
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TABLE 29: CLIENT DEPOSITS
   Average Balance
 March 31, Quarters Ended March 31,
(In millions)2016 2015 2016 2015
Client deposits(1)
$170,561
 $193,132
 $150,088
 $176,691
    
(1) Balance as of September 30,March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 and September 30, 2014 excluded term wholesale certificates of deposit, or CDs of $17.61$14.96 billion and $7.87$11.22 billion, respectively; average balances for the nine monthsyears ended September 30,March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 and September 30, 2014 excluded average CDs of $12.67$14.98 billion and $5.19$12.38 billion, respectively.
Short-Term Funding
Our corporate commercial paper program, under which we can issue up to $3.0 billion of commercial paper with original maturities of up to 270 days from the date of issuance, had $1.06 billion and $2.48 billion of commercial paper outstanding as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. State Street plans to phase-outphased out its commercial paper program by July 1, 2016,prior to December 31, 2015, consistent with the objectives of its 2015 recovery and resolution plan developed pursuant to the requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act. Accordingly, we had no commercial paper outstanding at March 31, 2016 or December 31, 2015.
Our on-balance sheet liquid assets are also an integral component of our liquidity management


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strategy. These assets provide liquidity through maturities of the assets, but more importantly, they provide us with the ability to raise funds by pledging the securities as collateral for borrowings or through outright sales. In addition, our access to the global capital markets gives us the ability to source incremental funding at reasonable rates of interest from wholesale investors. As discussed earlier under “Asset Liquidity,” State Street Bank's membership in the FHLB allows for advances of liquidity with varying terms against high-quality collateral.
Short-term secured funding also comes in the form of securities lent or sold under agreements to repurchase. These transactions are short-term in nature, generally overnight, and are collateralized by high-quality investment securities. These balances were $7.76$4.22 billion and $8.93$4.50 billion as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, respectively.
State Street Bank currently maintains a line of credit with a financial institution of CAD $800 million,1.40 billion, or approximately $597 million$1.08 billion as of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, to support its Canadian securities processing operations. The line of credit has no stated termination date and is cancelable by either party with prior notice. As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, there was no balance outstanding on this line of credit.
Long-Term Funding
As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, State Street Bank had Board of Directors, or Board authority to issue unsecured senior debt securities from time to time, provided that the aggregate principal amount of such unsecured senior debt outstanding at any one time does not exceed $5 billion. As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, $5 billion was available for issuance pursuant to this authority. As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, State Street Bank also had Board authority to issue an additional $500 million of subordinated debt.
State Street Corporation maintains an effective universal shelf registration that allows for the public offering and sale of debt securities, capital securities, common stock, depositary shares and preferred stock, and warrants to purchase such securities, including any shares into which the preferred stock and depositary shares may be convertible, or any combination thereof. We have issued in the past, and we may issue in the future, securities pursuant to our shelf registration. The issuance of debt or equity securities will depend on future market conditions, funding needs and other factors.
Agency Credit Ratings
Our ability to maintain consistent access to liquidity is fostered by the maintenance of high investment-grade ratings as measured by the major independent credit rating agencies. Factors essential
to maintaining high credit ratings include diverse and stable core earnings; relative market position; strong risk management; strong capital ratios; diverse liquidity sources, including the global capital markets and client deposits; strong liquidity monitoring procedures; and preparedness for current or future regulatory developments. High ratings limit borrowing costs and enhance our liquidity by providing assurance for unsecured funding and depositors, increasing the potential market for our debt and improving our ability to offer products, serve markets, and engage in transactions in which clients value high credit ratings. A downgrade or reduction of our credit ratings could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity by restricting our ability to access the capital markets, which could increase the related cost of funds. In turn, this could cause the sudden and large-scale withdrawal of unsecured deposits by our clients, which could lead to draw-downs of unfunded commitments to extend credit or trigger requirements under securities purchase commitments; or require additional collateral or force terminations of certain trading derivative contracts.
A majority of our derivative contracts have been entered into under bilateral agreements with counterparties who may require us to post collateral or terminate the transactions based on changes in our credit ratings. We assess the impact of these


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arrangements by determining the collateral or termination payments that would be required assuming a downgrade by all rating agencies. The additional collateral or termination payments related to our net derivative liabilities under these arrangements that could have been called as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 by counterparties in the event of a one-notch or two-notch downgrade in our credit ratings was $10 million and $19 million, respectively.below levels specified in the agreements is disclosed in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q. Other funding sources, such as secured financing transactions and other margin requirements, for which there are no explicit triggers, could also be adversely affected.
On November 2, 2015, Standard & Poor's Rating Service (S&P) placed the long-term credit ratings for the parent company and the non-deferrable subordinated debt credit rating for State Street Bank on CreditWatch with negative implications. This action followed the Federal Reserve's October 30, 2015 release of its proposed TLAC and ELTD requirements for U.S. domiciled G-SIBs, like State Street, and took similar actions with respect to other U.S. domiciled G-SIBs. 
S&P's credit ratings and related determinations are assessments by a third party rating agency and are noted in this Form 10-Q solely for purposes of disclosing changes in such third party ratings and related determinations. Such ratings and related


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determinations are based on factors that are not transparent to State Street and consequently, State Street cannot assess the accuracy or predicative quality of the assumptions or evaluate methods employed by S&P.
Operational Risk Management
Overview
We consider operational risk to be the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes and systems, human error, or from external events. Operational risk encompasses fiduciary risk and legal risk. Fiduciary risk is defined as the risk that State Street fails to properly exercise its fiduciary duties in its provision of products or services to clients. Such duties may require State Street, among other things, to place certain interests of its clients ahead of the interests of the company, to limit the manner in which State Street exercises discretion granted to it by clients, and to review and mitigate actual or perceived conflicts of interest. Legal risk is the risk of loss resulting from failure to comply with laws and contractual obligations as well as prudent ethical standards in business practices in addition to exposure to litigation from all aspects of State Street'sStreet’s activities.
Operational risk is inherent in the performance of investment servicing and investment management activities on behalf of our clients. Whether it be fiduciary risk, risk associated with execution and processing or other types of operational risk, a consistent, transparent and effective operational risk framework is key to identifying, monitoring and managing operational risk.
We have established an operational risk framework that is based on three major goals:
Strong, active governance;
Ownership and accountability; and
Consistency and transparency.
For additional information about our operational risk framework, seerefer to pages 9492 to 9795 in the 2014our 2015 Form 10-K.
Market Risk Management
Market risk is defined by U.S. banking regulators as the risk of loss that could result from broad market movements, such as changes in the general level of interest rates, credit spreads, foreign exchange rates or commodity prices. We are exposed to market risk in both our trading and certain of our non-trading, or asset-and-liability management, activities. For more information on our
Information about the market risk associated with our trading activities market risk governance and covered positions, see pages 97 to 104 in the 2014 Form 10-K.
is provided below under “Trading Activities.” Information about the market risk associated with our non-trading activities, which consists primarily of interest-rate risk, is provided below under “Asset-and-Liability Management Activities.”
Trading Activities
In the conduct of our trading activities, we assume market risk, the level of which is a function of our overall risk appetite, business objectives and liquidity needs, our clients' requirements and market volatility, as well asand our execution against those factors.
For additional information about the market risk associated with our trading activities, seerefer to pages 9795 to 9896 in the 2014our 2015 Form 10-K.
As part of our trading activities, we assume positions in the foreign exchange and interest-rate markets by buying and selling cash instruments and entering into derivative instruments, including foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign exchange and interest-rate options and interest-rate swaps, interest-rate forward contracts, and interest-rate futures. As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, the notional amount of these derivative contracts was $1.39$1.38 trillion, of which $1.36 trillion was composed of foreign exchange forward, swap and spot contracts. We seek to match positions closely with the objective of minimizing related currency and interest-rate risk. All foreign exchange contracts are valued daily at current market rates.
Value-at-Risk, Stress Testing and Stressed VaR
We use a variety of risk measurement tools and methodologies, including Value-at-Risk, or VaR, which is an estimate of potential loss for a given period within a stated statistical confidence interval. We use a risk measurement methodology to measure trading-related VaR daily. We have adopted standards for measuring trading-related VaR, and we maintain regulatory capital for market risk associated with our trading activities in conformity with currently applicable bank regulatory market risk requirements.
For additional information about our VaR measurement tools and methodologies, refer to pages 9897 to 99 of the 2014101 in our 2015 Form 10-K.


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Stress Testing and Stressed VaR
We have a corporate-wide stress-testingstress testing program in place that incorporates an array of techniques to measure the potential loss we could suffer in a hypothetical scenario of adverse economic and financial conditions. We also monitor concentrations of risk such as concentration by branch, risk component, and currency pairs. We conduct stress testing on a daily basis based on selected historical stress events that are relevant to our positions in order to estimate the potential impact to our current portfolio should similar market conditions recur, and we also perform stress testing as part of the Federal Reserve's Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review, or CCAR process. Stress testing is conducted, analyzed and reported at the corporate, trading desk, division and risk-factor level (for example, exchange risk, interest-rate risk and volatility risk).
We calculate a stressed VaR-based measure using the same model we use to calculate VaR, but with model inputs calibrated to historical data from a range of continuous twelve-month periods that reflect significant financial stress. The stressed VaR model identifies the second-worst outcome occurring in the


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worst continuous one-year rolling period since July 2007. This stressed VaR meets the regulatory requirement as the rolling ten-day period with an outcome that is worse than 99% of other outcomes during that twelve-month period of financial stress. For each portfolio, the stress period is determined algorithmically by seeking the one-year time horizon that produces the largest ten-business-day VaR from within the available historical data. This historical data set includes the financial crisis of 2008, the highly volatile period surrounding the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis and the Standard & Poor's downgrade of U.S. Treasury debt in August 2011. As the historical data set used to determine the stress period expands over time, future market stress events will be automatically incorporated.
Stress-testingStress testing results and limits are actively monitored on a daily basis by Enterprise Risk Management, or ERM and reported to the Trading and Markets Risk Committee, or TMRC. Limit breaches are addressed by ERM risk managers in conjunction with the business units, escalated as appropriate, and reviewed by the TMRC if material. In addition, we have established several action
triggers that prompt immediate review by management and the implementation of a remediation plan.
Validation and Back-Testing
We perform frequent back-testing to assess the accuracy of our VaR-based model in estimating loss at the stated confidence level. This back-testing involves the comparison of estimated VaR model outputs to daily, actual Profit-and-Loss,profit-and-loss outcomes, or P&L, outcomes observed from daily market movements. We back-test our VaR model using “clean” P&L, which excludes non-trading revenue such as fees, commissions and net interest revenue, as well as estimated revenue from intra-day trading. Our VaR definition of trading losses excludes items that are not specific to the price movement of the trading assets and liabilities themselves, such as fees, commissions, changes to reserves and gains or losses from intra-day activity.
We experienced one back-testing exception for the first nine months of 2015, which occurred in the third quarter. The trading P&L that day exceeded the VaR based on the prior days closing positions, following a large depreciation in the U.S. dollar against several major and emerging market currencies, which depreciation can be attributed to a decision and related statements by the Federal Reserve’s Federal Open Market Committee to hold interest rates at current levels. We experiencedhad no back-testing exceptions for the full-year of 2014. For additional information on our validation and back-testing, see pages 99 to 101 in the 2014 Form 10-K.quarters ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
The following tables present VaR and stressed VaR associated with our trading activities for covered positions held during the first nine monthsquarters ended September 30,March 31, 2016 and 2015, and the first nine months ended September 30, 2014, and as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, as measured by our VaR methodology. A covered position is generally defined by U.S. banking regulators as an on- or off-balance sheet position associated with the organization's trading activities that is free of any restrictions on its tradability, but does not include intangible assets, certain credit derivatives recognized as guarantees and certain equity positions not publicly traded. All FX and commodity positions are considered covered positions, regardless of the accounting treatment they receive.methodology:


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

TABLE 30: TEN-DAY VaR ASSOCIATED WITH TRADING ACTIVITIES FOR COVERED POSITIONS
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 As of September 30, 2015 As of December 31, 2014Quarter Ended March 31, 2016 Quarter Ended March 31, 2015 As of March 31, 2016 As of December 31, 2015
(In thousands)Average Maximum Minimum Average Maximum Minimum VaR VaRAverage Maximum Minimum Average Maximum Minimum VaR VaR
Global Markets$5,439
 $17,649
 $3,245
 $6,475
 $12,327
 $2,273
 $3,864
 $4,566
$4,788
 $7,453
 $2,969
 $5,935
 $17,649
 $3,245
 $5,315
 $4,269
Global Treasury1,789
 5,273
 842
 47
 62
 12
 857
 4,759
434
 866
 159
 2,833
 5,273
 991
 637
 368
Total VaR$6,056
 $16,700
 $3,531
 $6,455
 $12,283
 $2,262
 $3,676
 $8,281
$4,693
 $7,728
 $2,877
 $7,022
 $16,700
 $4,369
 $5,312
 $4,052
TABLE 31: TEN-DAY STRESSED VaR ASSOCIATED WITH TRADING ACTIVITIES FOR COVERED POSITIONS

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 As of September 30, 2015 As of December 31, 2014Quarter Ended March 31, 2016 Quarter Ended March 31, 2015 As of March 31, 2016 As of December 31, 2015
(In thousands)Average Maximum Minimum Average Maximum Minimum Stressed VaR Stressed VaRAverage Maximum Minimum Average Maximum Minimum Stressed VaR Stressed VaR
Global Markets$38,224
 $65,860
 $20,601
 $33,168
 $64,510
 $15,625
 $41,468
 $30,255
$29,955
 $58,883
 $17,255
 $30,752
 $45,386
 $20,601
 $31,880
 $36,757
Global Treasury30,518
 47,929
 20,711
 162
 572
 41
 20,711
 39,050
12,808
 18,831
 6,612
 31,844
 47,929
 22,188
 13,387
 8,080
Total Stressed VaR$64,714
 $95,692
 $36,956
 $33,112
 $64,409
 $15,495
 $61,981
 $58,945
$35,071
 $58,987
 $20,996
 $56,003
 $71,567
 $36,956
 $35,454
 $43,293
The ninethree month average of our stressed VaR-based measure was approximately $65$35 million for the periodquarter ended September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, compared to a ninethree month average of approximately $33$56 million for the periodquarter ended September 30, 2014.March 31, 2015.
The increasedecrease in the ninethree month average of our VaR and stressed VaR-based measuremeasures for the periodquarter ended September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, compared to the periodquarter ended September 30, 2014,March 31, 2015, was primarily the result of an extensiona reduction of the tenor ofEUR/USD FX swaps used by Global Treasury designed to improve our liquidity position.Treasury. Although the FX swaps are not considered part of our trading activity, all FX activity (trading or banking) generates market risk captured under Basel rules. The tenor extension gives rise to additional market risk in our stressed VaR calculation.calculation methodologies.
The VaR-based measures presented in the preceding tables are primarily a reflection of the
 
overall level of market volatility and our appetite for trading market risk. Overall levels of volatility have been low both on an absolute basis and relative to the historical information observed at the beginning of the period used for the calculations. Both the ten-day VaR-based measures and the stressed VaR-based measures are based on historical changes observed during rolling ten-day periods for the portfolios as of the close of business each day over the past one-year period.
We may in the future modify and adjust our models and methodologies used to calculate VaR and stressed VaR, subject to regulatory review and approval, and these modifications and adjustments may result in changes in our VaR-based and stressed VaR-based measures.


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The following tables present the VaR and stressed VaRstressed-VaR associated with our trading activities attributable to foreign exchange risk, interest rateinterest-rate risk and volatility risk as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014.2015. The totals of the VaR-based and stressed VaR-based measures for the three attributes for each VaR and stressed-VaR component exceeded the related total VaR and total stressed VaR presented in the foregoing tables as of each period-end, primarily due to the benefits of diversification across risk types.
TABLE 32: TEN-DAY VaR ASSOCIATED WITH TRADING ACTIVITIES BY RISK FACTOR(1)
TABLE 32: TEN-DAY VaR ASSOCIATED WITH TRADING ACTIVITIES BY RISK FACTOR(1)
TABLE 32: TEN-DAY VaR ASSOCIATED WITH TRADING ACTIVITIES BY RISK FACTOR(1)
As of September 30, 2015 As of December 31, 2014As of March 31, 2016 As of December 31, 2015
(In thousands)Foreign Exchange Risk Interest Rate Risk Volatility Risk Foreign Exchange Risk Interest Rate Risk Volatility RiskForeign Exchange Risk Interest Rate Risk Volatility Risk Foreign Exchange Risk Interest Rate Risk Volatility Risk
By component:                      
Global Markets$2,894
 $3,474
 $74
 $5,584
 $3,230
 $349
$3,610
 $4,117
 $
 $2,817
 $3,582
 $4
Global Treasury323
 927
 
 
 4,759
 
170
 635
 
 148
 345
 
Total VaR$2,885
 $2,959
 $74
 $5,584
 $5,892
 $349
$3,762
 $4,058
 $
 $2,831
 $3,472
 $4
TABLE 33: TEN-DAY STRESSED VaR ASSOCIATED WITH TRADING ACTIVITIES BY RISK FACTOR(1)
TABLE 33: TEN-DAY STRESSED VaR ASSOCIATED WITH TRADING ACTIVITIES BY RISK FACTOR(1)
TABLE 33: TEN-DAY STRESSED VaR ASSOCIATED WITH TRADING ACTIVITIES BY RISK FACTOR(1)
As of September 30, 2015 As of December 31, 2014As of March 31, 2016 As of December 31, 2015
(In thousands)Foreign Exchange Risk Interest Rate Risk Volatility Risk Foreign Exchange Risk Interest Rate Risk Volatility RiskForeign Exchange Risk Interest Rate Risk Volatility Risk Foreign Exchange Risk Interest Rate Risk Volatility Risk
By component:                      
Global Markets$11,985
 $36,535
 $99
 $8,305
 $39,220
 $468
$6,695
 $36,996
 $
 $13,199
 $40,928
 $7
Global Treasury500
 20,634
 
 
 39,050
 
204
 13,505
 
 176
 7,963
 
Total Stressed VaR$11,445
 $54,050
 $99
 $8,305
 $62,923
 $468
$6,708
 $37,697
 $
 $12,939
 $47,658
 $7
   
(1) For purposes of risk attribution by component, in both Tables 32 and 33, foreign exchange risk refers only to the risk from market movements in period-end rates. Forwards, futures, options and swaps with maturities greater than period-end have embedded interest-rate risk that is captured by the measures used for interest-rate risk.  Accordingly, the interest-rate risk embedded in these foreign exchange instruments is included in the interest-rate risk component.
The decline in the total 10-day VaR based measure at September 30, 2015, as compared to December 31, 2014, is the result of a small decline in exposure that arose from the tenor extension strategy initiated by Global Treasury late last year.
Asset-and-Liability Management Activities
The primary objective of asset-and-liability management is to provide sustainable net interest revenue, or NIR, under varying economic conditions, while protecting the economic value of the assets and liabilities carried in our consolidated statement of condition from the adverse effects of changes in currency and interest rates. While many market factors affect the level of NIR and the economic value of our assets and liabilities, one of the most significant factors is our exposure to movements in interest rates. Most of our NIR is earned from the investment of client deposits generated by our businesses. We invest these client deposits in assets that conform generally to the characteristics of our balance sheet liabilities, including the currency composition of our significant non-U.S. dollar denominated client liabilities.
We quantify NIR sensitivity using an earnings simulation model that includes our expectations for new business growth, changes in balance sheet mix and investment portfolio positioning. This measure compares our baseline view of NIR over a twelve-month horizon, based on our internal forecast of interest rates, to a wide range of instantaneous and gradual rate shocks. Economic value of equity sensitivity is a discounted cash flow model designed to estimate the fair value of assets and liabilities but we manage our overall interest-rate risk position in the contextunder a series of current and anticipatedinterest rate shocks over a long-term horizon. Each approach is routinely monitored as market conditions change and within internally-approved risk limits and guidelines.
For additional information on our Asset-and-Liability Management
Activities, seerefer to pages 101 to 104 of the 2014in our 2015 Form 10-K.
To measure, monitor, andIn the table below, we report on our interest-rate risk position, we use NIR simulation, or NIR-at-risk, and Economic Value of Equity, or EVE, sensitivity. NIR-at-risk measures the impact onexpected change in NIR over the next twelve months to immediate, or “rate shock,”from +/-100 basis point instantaneous and gradual or “rate ramp,”parallel rate shocks. Each scenario assumes no management action is taken to mitigate the adverse effects of interest rate changes on our financial performance. While investment securities balances can fluctuate due to prepayment assumptions in marketour rate shocks, our deposit balances are consistent with the baseline forecast.
TABLE 34: NIR EXPOSURE/BENEFIT
  
Exposure and Benefit to
Net Interest Revenue
(In millions) March 31,
2016
 December 31,
2015
Rate change: Exposure/Benefit
+100 bps shock $437
 $471
–100 bps shock (191) (181)
+100 bps ramp 186
 198
–100 bps ramp (98) (96)
As of March 31, 2016, NIR sensitivity remains positioned to benefit from rising interest rates. EVE sensitivity is a total return view of interest-rate risk, which measuresThe benefit in the impact on the present value of all NIR-related principal and interest cash flows of an immediate change in interest rates. Although NIR-at-risk and EVE sensitivity measure interest-rate risk over different time horizons, both utilize consistent assumptions when modeling the positions currently held by State Street; however, NIR-at-risk also incorporates future actions planned by management over the time horizons being modeled. For additional information on our NIR-at-risk and EVE, refer to pages 103 to 104 of the 2014 Form 10-K.
The following table presents the estimated exposure of our NIR for the next twelve months, calculated as of the dates indicated,up 100 basis point instantaneous parallel shock declined due to an immediate and gradual +/-100-basis-point shiftinvestment portfolio purchase activity relative to our internal forecast of global interest rates. We manage our NIR sensitivity to limit declines to 15% or less from baseline NIR. Estimated exposures presentedDecember 31, 2015. The exposure in the down 100 basis point instantaneous parallel shock was relatively unchanged with impacts


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belowfrom higher asset yields offsetting investment portfolio activity and changes in market rates. Gradual rate shocks have a similar positioning, but are dependent on management's assumptions, and do not reflect any additional actions management may undertake in orderless impactful due to mitigate somethe severity of the adverse effectsrate shift.
The following table highlights our economic value of changes in interest rates on our financial performance.
TABLE 34: NIR ESTIMATED EXPOSURE
 
Estimated Exposure to
Net Interest Revenue
(Dollars in millions)September 30,
2015
 December 31,
2014
Rate change:Exposure % of Base NIR Exposure % of Base NIR
+100 bps shock$574
 26.9% $384
 16.6%
–100 bps shock(211) (9.9) (328) (14.2)
+100 bps ramp263
 12.3
 149
 6.5
–100 bps ramp(110) (5.2) (192) (8.3)
As of September 30, 2015, NIR sensitivity to an upward-100-basis-point shock to our internal forecast of global interest rates increased compared to such sensitivity as of December 31, 2014, on a dollar exposure basis as well as a percentage of twelve-month forecasted base NIR, reflecting slower client deposit repricing expectations in the twelve-month forecast horizon beyond September 30, 2015. The benefit to NIR of an upward-100-basis-point ramp is less significant than a shock, since interest rates are assumed to increase gradually.
NIRequity sensitivity to a downward-100-basis-point shock to our internal forecast of global interest rates as of September 30, 2015 decreased compared to such sensitivity as of December 31, 2014 on a dollar and percentage+/-200 basis primarily due to higher expected deposit charges when rates decline. September 30, 2015 NIR-at-risk sensitivities incorporate additional charges on deposits as rates decline to their floors compared to December 31, 2014 NIR-at-risk. A downward-100-basis-point shock in global interest rates places pressure on NIR due to declining deposit rates, providing little funding relief on the liability side, while many assets continue to re-price in the lower-rate environment. The adverse impact on projected NIR due to a downward-100-basis-point ramp is less significant than a shock since interest rates are assumed to decrease gradually, thereby reducing the level of projected spread compression experienced between assets and liabilities over a twelve-month horizon.
Our baseline NIR incorporates an expectation that short-term interest rates will begin to rise in anticipation of central bank tightening of current monetary policies. While this rise in rates benefits our baseline NIR, it is detrimental to our NIR sensitivity to a downward-100-basis-point shock, as rising short-term interest rates allow asset yields to re-price lower in a downward shock scenario than
previously, while deposits are still priced close to natural floors.
Other important factors which affect the levels of NIR are the size and mix of assets carried in our consolidated statement of condition; interest-rate spreads; the slope and interest-rate level of U.S. and non-U.S. dollar yield curves and the relationship between them; the pace of change in global market interest rates; and management actions taken in response to the preceding conditions.
Economic Value of Equity
EVE sensitivity measures changes in the market value of equity to quantify potential losses to shareholders due to an immediate +/-200-basis-pointpoint instantaneous rate shock, comparedrelative to current interest-rate levels if the balance sheet were liquidated immediately.spot interest rates. Management compares the change in EVE sensitivity against State Street's aggregate tier 1 and tier 2 risk-based capital, calculated in conformity with current applicable regulatory requirements, to evaluate whether the magnituderequirements. Economic value of the exposure to interest ratesequity sensitivity is acceptable. Generally, a change resulting from a +/-200-basis-point rate shock that is less than 20% of aggregate tier 1 and tier 2 capital is an exposure that management deems acceptable. To the extent that we manage changes in EVE sensitivity within the 20% threshold, we would seek to take action to remain below the threshold if the magnitude of our exposure to interest rates approached that limit.
Similar to NIR-at-risk measures,dependent on the timing of cash flows affects EVE sensitivity, as changes in asset and liability values under different rate scenarios are dependent on when interest and principal payments are received. In contrast to NIR simulations, however, EVE sensitivitycash flows. Also, the measure only evaluates the spot balance sheet and does not incorporate assumptions regarding reinvestment of these cash flows. In addition, our ability to price client deposits has a much smaller impact on EVE sensitivity, as EVE sensitivity does not consider the ongoing benefit of investing client deposits.


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The following table presents estimated EVE exposures, calculated as of the dates indicated, assuming an immediate and prolonged shift in global interest rates,include the impact of which would be spread over a number of years.new business assumptions.
TABLE 35: ESTIMATED EVE EXPOSURES
TABLE 35: EVE EXPOSURE/BENEFITTABLE 35: EVE EXPOSURE/BENEFIT
Estimated Sensitivity of
Economic Value of Equity
 
Sensitivity of
Economic Value of Equity
(Dollars in millions)September 30,
2015
 December 31,
2014
(In millions) March 31,
2016
 December 31,
2015
Rate change:Exposure % of Tier 1/Tier 2 Capital Exposure % of Tier 1/Tier 2 Capital Exposure/Benefit
+200 bps shock$(1,996) (11.3)% $(2,291) (12.8)% $(2,136) $(2,355)
–200 bps shock835
 4.7
 942
 5.3
 1,061
 1,655
As of March 31, 2016, economic value of equity sensitivity remains exposed to upward shifts in interest rates. The dollar measure of EVE sensitivity to an upward-200-basis-pointexposure in the up 200 basis point instantaneous parallel shock as of September 30, 2015 improved compareddeclined and the benefit in the down 200 basis point instantaneous parallel shock decreased relative to December 31, 2014; and the dollar measure of EVE sensitivity2015, primarily due to a downward-200-basis-point shock as of September 30, 2015 declined compared to December 31, 2014, with the change in both EVE sensitivity measures drivenlower long-term market rates partially offset by investment portfolio actions.activity.
EVE sensitivity to an upward-200-basis-point shock as of September 30, 2015, as a percentage of the total of tier 1 and tier 2 regulatory capital, declined compared to December 31, 2014. EVE sensitivity to a downward-200-basis-point shock as of September 30, 2015, as a percentage of the total of tier 1 and tier 2 regulatory capital, declined compared to December 31, 2014. These declines were primarily due to the above changes in the dollar measures of EVE sensitivity.
Model Risk Management
The use of quantitative models is widespread throughout the financial services industry, with large and complex organizations relying on sophisticated models to support numerous aspects of their financial decision making. The models contemporaneously represent both a significant advancement in financial management and a new source of risk. In large banking organizations like ours,State Street, model results influence business decisions, and model failure could have a harmful effect on our financial performance. As a result, we manage model risk within a model risk management framework.
Our model risk management program has three principal components:
A model risk governance program that defines roles and responsibilities, including the authority to restrict model usage, provides policies and guidance, monitors compliance, and reports regularly to the Board on the
overall degree of model risk across the corporation;
A model development process which focuses on sound design and computational accuracy, and includes activities designed to test for robustness, stability, and sensitivity to assumptions; and
A separate model validation function designed to verify that models are conceptually sound, computationally accurate, are performing as expected, and are in line with their design objectives.
Model Development and Usage
Models are developed under standards governing data sourcing, methodology selection and model integrity testing. Model development includes a statement of purpose to align development with intended use. It also includes a comparison of alternative approaches to promote a sound modeling approach.
Model developers conduct an assessment of data quality and relevance. The development teams conduct a variety of tests of the accuracy, robustness and stability of each model.
Model owners submit models to the Model Validation Group for validation on a regular basis, as per existing policy.
For additional information on our model risk management, including our governance and model validation, refer to pages 104 to 105 to 106 in the 2014our 2015 Form 10-K.
Capital
Managing our capital involves evaluating whether our actual and projected levels of capital are commensurate with our risk profile, are in compliance with all applicable regulatory requirements, and are sufficient to provide us with the financial flexibility to undertake future strategic business initiatives. We assess capital adequacy based on relevant regulatory capital requirements, as well as our own internal capital goals, targets and other relevant metrics.
We have a hierarchical structure supporting appropriate committee review of relevant risk and capital information. The ongoing responsibility for capital management rests with our Treasurer. The Capital Planning group within Global Treasury is responsible for the Capital Policy and guidelines, development of the Capital Plan, the management of global capital, capital optimization, and business unit capital management.
The Management Risk and Capital Committee, or MRAC provides oversight of our capital management, our capital adequacy, our internal targets and the expectations of the major


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independent credit rating agencies. In addition, MRAC approves our balance sheet strategy and related activities. The Board’s Risk Committee, or RC assists the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities related to the assessment and management of risk and capital. Our Capital Policy is reviewed and approved annually by the Board's RC.
For additional information about our capital, refer to pages 105 to 115 in our 2015 Form 10-K.
Regulatory Capital
We and our depository institution subsidiaries are subject to risk-based regulatory capital requirements issued by the Federal Reserve. With the adoption of the Basel III rules by U.S. regulators, we became subject to thecurrent U.S. Basel III final rule as of January 1, 2014.minimum risk-based capital and leverage ratio guidelines. The Basel III final rule incorporates several multi-year transition provisions for capital components and minimum ratio requirements for common equity tier 1 capital, tier 1 capital and total capital. The transition period started in January 2014 and iswill be completed by January 1, 2019 which is concurrent with the full implementation of the Basel III final rule in the U.S.
Among other things, the U.S. Basel III final rule introducesintroduced a minimum common equity tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 4.5% and raises the minimum tier 1 risk-based capital ratio from 4% to 6%. In addition, for advanced approaches banking organizations such as State Street, the U.S. Basel III final rule imposes a minimum supplementary tier 1 leverage ratio of 3%, the numerator of which is tier 1 capital and the denominator of which includes both on-balance sheet assets and certain off-balance sheet exposures, which are sometimes referred to collectively as total leverage exposures. The supplementary leverage ratio requirement was enhanced by the 2014 supplementary leverage ratio final rule which, upon implementation as


34


Table of January 1, 2018, requires (1) State Street Bank to maintain an SLR of at least 6% to be well capitalized under the U.S. banking regulators’ prompt corrective action framework and (2) State Street to maintain an SLR of at least 5% to avoid limitations on distribution and discretionary bonus payments. In addition to the supplementary leverage ratio, we are subject to a minimum tier 1 leverage ratio of 4%, which differs from the supplementary leverage ratio primarily in that the denominator of the tier 1 leverage ratio is only quarterly average on-balance sheet assets and does not include any off-balance sheet exposures.Contents
To maintain the status of our parent company as a financial holding company, we and our insured depository institution subsidiaries are required to be “well-capitalized” by maintaining capital ratios above the minimum requirements. Effective on January 1,MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

2015, the “well-capitalized” standard for our banking subsidiaries was revised to reflect the higher capital requirements in the U.S. Basel III final rule.
In addition to introducing new capital ratios and buffers, the U.S. Basel III final rule revises the eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments and provides for the phase-out of existing capital instruments that do not satisfy the new criteria. For example, existing trust preferred capital securities are being phased out from tier 1 capital over a two-year period beginning on January 1, 2014 and ending on January 1, 2016, and subsequently, the qualification of these securities as tier 2 capital will be phased out over a multi-year transition period beginning on January 1, 2016 and ending on January 1, 2022. We had trust preferred capital securities of $950 million outstanding as of September 30, 2015, $237 million included in tier 1 capital and the remaining $713 million included in tier 2 capital. For further information on our regulatory capital requirements, including the transitional provisions under the Basel III final rule, see pages 107 to 108 in the 2014 Form 10-K.
The U.S. Basel III final rule also implemented certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The Dodd-Frank Act applies a "capital floor" to advanced approaches banking organizations such as State Street and State Street Bank. Beginning on January 1, 2015, the Basel III standardized approach acts as that capital floor, and we are subject to the more stringent of the risk-based capital ratios calculated under the standardized approach and those calculated under the advanced approaches in the assessment of our capital adequacy under the prompt corrective action framework.
The U.S. Basel III final rule also introducesintroduced a capital conservation buffer and a countercyclical capital buffer that add to the minimum risk-based capital ratios. Specifically, the final rule limits a banking organization’s ability to make capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers if it fails to maintain a common equity tier 1 capital conservation buffer of more than 2.5% of total risk-weighted assets and, if deployed during periods of excessive credit growth, a common equity tier 1 countercyclical capital buffer of up to 2.5% of total risk-weighted assets, above each of the minimum common equity tier 1, and tier 1 and total risk-based capital ratios. Banking regulators have initially set the countercyclical capital buffer at zero.
To maintain the status of our parent company as a financial holding company, we and our insured depository institution subsidiaries are required to be “well-capitalized” by maintaining capital ratios above the minimum requirements. Effective on January 1, 2015, the “well-capitalized” standard for our banking subsidiaries was revised to reflect the higher capital requirements in the U.S. Basel III final rule.
In addition to introducing new capital ratios and buffers, the U.S. Basel III final rule revises the eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments and provides for the phase-out of existing capital instruments that do not satisfy the new criteria. For example, existing trust preferred capital securities were phased out from tier 1 capital over a two-year period that ended on January 1, 2016, and subsequently, the qualification of these securities as tier 2 capital will be phased out over a multi-year transition period beginning on January 1, 2016 and ending on January 1, 2022. As of March 31, 2016 trust preferred capital securities were fully phased-out of tier 1 capital and $890 million of these securities were included in tier 2 regulatory capital.
Under the U.S. Basel III final rule, certain new items are deducted from common equity tier 1 capital and certain regulatory capital deductions were modified as compared to the previously applicable capital regulations. Among other things, the final rule requires significant investments in the common stock of unconsolidated financial institutions, as defined, and certain deferred tax assets that exceed specified individual and aggregate thresholds to be deducted from common equity tier 1 capital. As an advanced approaches banking organization, after-tax unrealized gains and losses on AFS investment securities flow through to and affect State Street’s and State Street Bank's common equity tier 1 capital, subject to a phase-in schedule.
We are required to use the advanced approaches framework as provided in the Basel III final rule to determine our risk-based capital requirements. The Dodd-Frank Act applies a "capital floor" to advanced approaches banking organizations, such asState Street and State Street Bank. We are subject to the more stringent of the risk-based capital ratios calculated under the standardized approach and those calculated under the advanced approaches in the assessment of our capital adequacy under the PCA framework.




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The following table sets forth the transition to full implementation and the minimum risk-based capital ratio requirements under the Basel III final rule. This does not include the potential imposition of an additional countercyclical capital buffer discussed above.buffer.
TABLE 36: BASEL III FINAL RULES TRANSITION ARRANGEMENTS AND MINIMUM RISK-BASED CAPITAL RATIOS(1), (2)
TABLE 36: BASEL III FINAL RULES TRANSITION ARRANGEMENTS AND MINIMUM RISK-BASED CAPITAL RATIOS(1),(2)
TABLE 36: BASEL III FINAL RULES TRANSITION ARRANGEMENTS AND MINIMUM RISK-BASED CAPITAL RATIOS(1),(2)
                    
 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Capital conservation buffer (Common Equity Tier 1) % 0.625% 1.250% 1.875% 2.500% % 0.625% 1.250% 1.875% 2.500%
G-SIB surcharge (CET1)(1)
 
 0.375
 0.750
 1.125
 1.500
 
 0.375
 0.750
 1.125
 1.500
                    
Minimum common equity tier 1(3)
 4.5
 5.500
 6.500
 7.500
 8.500
 4.5
 5.500
 6.500
 7.500
 8.500
Minimum tier 1 capital(3)
 6.0
 7.000
 8.000
 9.000
 10.000
 6.0
 7.000
 8.000
 9.000
 10.000
Minimum total capital(3)
 8.0
 9.000
 10.000
 11.000
 12.000
 8.0
 9.000
 10.000
 11.000
 12.000
    
(1) As part of the G-SIB Surcharge final rule, the Federal Reserve published estimated G-SIB surcharges for the eight U.S. G-SIBs based on relevant data from 2012-2014 and the estimated resulting G-SIB surcharge for State Street is 1.5%. Including the 1.5% surcharge, State Street's minimum risk-based capital ratio requirements, as of January 1, 2019 would be 8.5% for common equity tier 1, 10%10.0% for tier 1 capital and 12.0% for total capital.
(2) Minimum ratios shown above do not reflect the countercyclical buffer, currently set at zero by U.S. banking regulators.
(3) Minimum common equity tier 1 capital, minimum tier 1 capital and minimum total capital presented include the transitional capital conservation buffer as well as the estimated transitional G-SIB surcharge.
The specific calculation of State Street's and State Street Bank's risk-based capital ratios will change as the provisions of the Basel III final rule related to the numerator (capital) and denominator (risk-weighted assets) are phased in, and as our risk-weighted assets calculated using the advanced approaches change due to potential changes in methodology. These ongoing methodological changes will result in differences in our reported capital ratios from one reporting period to the next that are independent of applicable changes to our capital base, our asset composition, our off-balance sheet exposures or our risk profile.



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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

The following table presents the regulatory capital structure and related regulatory capital ratios for State Street and State Street Bank as of the dates indicated. As a result of changes in the methodologies used to calculate our regulatory capital ratios from period to period, as the provisions of the Basel III final rule are phased in, the ratios presented in the table for each period are not directly comparable. Refer to the footnotes following the table.
TABLE 37: REGULATORY CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND RELATED REGULATORY CAPITAL RATIOS
 State Street State Street Bank State Street State Street Bank
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions) 
Basel III Advanced Approaches September 30, 2015(1)
 
Basel III Standardized Approach September 30, 2015(2)
 
Basel III Advanced Approaches December 31, 2014(1)
 
Basel III Transitional Approach December 31, 2014(3)
 
Basel III Advanced Approaches September 30, 2015(1)
 
Basel III Standardized Approach September 30, 2015(2)
 
Basel III Advanced Approaches December 31, 2014(1)
 
Basel III Transitional Approach December 31, 2014(3)
(Dollars in millions) 
Basel III Advanced Approaches March 31, 2016(1)
 
Basel III Standardized Approach March 31, 2016(2)
 
Basel III Advanced Approaches December 31, 2015(1)
 
Basel III Standardized Approach December 31, 2015(2)
 
Basel III Advanced Approaches March 31, 2016(1)
 
Basel III Standardized Approach March 31, 2016(2)
 
Basel III Advanced Approaches December 31, 2015(1)
 
Basel III Standardized Approach December 31, 2015(2)
Common shareholders' equity: Common shareholders' equity:                 Common shareholders' equity:                
Common stock and related surplusCommon stock and related surplus $10,246
 $10,246
 $10,295
 $10,295
 $10,924
 $10,924
 $10,867
 $10,867
Common stock and related surplus$10,243
 $10,243
 $10,250
 $10,250
 $10,941
 $10,941
 $10,938
 $10,938
Retained earningsRetained earnings 15,795
 15,795
 14,882
 14,882
 10,886
 10,886
 9,416
 9,416
Retained earnings16,233
 16,233
 16,049
 16,049
 10,997
 10,997
 10,655
 10,655
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (1,177) (1,177) (641) (641) (1,011) (1,011) (535) (535)Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(1,020) (1,020) (1,422) (1,422) (841) (841) (1,230) (1,230)
Treasury stock, at costTreasury stock, at cost (6,143) (6,143) (5,158) (5,158) 
 
 
 
Treasury stock, at cost(6,719) (6,719) (6,457) (6,457) 
 
 
 
Total 18,721
 18,721
 19,378
 19,378
 20,799
 20,799
 19,748
 19,748
 18,737
 18,737
 18,420
 18,420
 21,097
 21,097
 20,363
 20,363
Regulatory capital adjustments:Regulatory capital adjustments:                Regulatory capital adjustments:                
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities(4)
 (5,987) (5,987) (5,869) (5,869) (5,687) (5,687) (5,577) (5,577)
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities(3)
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities(3)
(6,242) (6,242) (5,927) (5,927) (5,938) (5,938) (5,631) (5,631)
Other adjustmentsOther adjustments (62) (62) (36) (36) (92) (92) (128) (128)Other adjustments(91) (91) (60) (60) (88) (88) (85) (85)
Common equity tier 1 capital Common equity tier 1 capital 12,672
 12,672
 13,473
 13,473
 15,020
 15,020
 14,043
 14,043
Common equity tier 1 capital 12,404
 12,404
 12,433
 12,433
 15,071
 15,071
 14,647
 14,647
Preferred stockPreferred stock 2,703
 2,703
 1,961
 1,961
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock2,703
 2,703
 2,703
 2,703
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred capital securities subject to phase-out from tier 1 capitalTrust preferred capital securities subject to phase-out from tier 1 capital 237
 237
 475
 475
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred capital securities subject to phase-out from tier 1 capital
 
 237
 237
 
 
 
 
Other adjustmentsOther adjustments (94) (94) (145) (145) 
 
 
 
Other adjustments (75) (75) (109) (109) 
 
 
 
Tier 1 capital 15,518
 15,518
 15,764
 15,764
 15,020
 15,020
 14,043
 14,043
 15,032
 15,032
 15,264
 15,264
 15,071
 15,071
 14,647
 14,647
Qualifying subordinated long-term debtQualifying subordinated long-term debt 1,438
 1,438
 1,618
 1,618
 1,452
 1,452
 1,634
 1,634
Qualifying subordinated long-term debt1,259
 1,259
 1,358
 1,358
 1,271
 1,271
 1,371
 1,371
Trust preferred capital securities phased out of tier 1 capitalTrust preferred capital securities phased out of tier 1 capital 713
 713
 475
 475
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred capital securities phased out of tier 1 capital890
 890
 713
 713
 
 
 
 
ALLL and otherALLL and other 12
 69
 
 
 9
 69
 
 
ALLL and other 9
 66
 12
 66
 5
 66
 8
 66
Other adjustmentsOther adjustments 2
 2
 4
 4
 
 
 
 
Other adjustments 1
 1
 2
 2
 
 
 
 
Total capital $17,683
 $17,740
 $17,861
 $17,861
 $16,481
 $16,541
 $15,677
 $15,677
 $17,191
 $17,248
 $17,349
 $17,403
 $16,347
 $16,408
 $16,026
 $16,084
Risk-weighted assets: Risk-weighted assets:                 Risk-weighted assets:                
Credit risk $55,914
 $103,004
 $66,874
 $87,502
 $50,936
 $97,803
 $59,836
 $84,433
 $52,865
 $98,133
 $51,733
 $93,515
 $48,489
 $93,520
 $47,677
 $89,164
Operational risk 44,014
 NA 35,866
 NA 43,413
 NA 35,449
 NA 44,231
 NA
 43,882
 NA
 43,663
 NA
 43,324
 NA
Market risk(5)(4)
 4,437
 2,761
 5,087
 2,910
 4,397
 2,761
 5,048
 2,909
 3,537
 1,484
 3,937
 2,378
 3,523
 1,484
 3,939
 2,378
Total risk-weighted assets $104,365
 $105,765
 $107,827
 $90,412
 $98,746
 $100,564
 $100,333
 $87,342
Total risk-weighted assets $100,633
 $99,617
 $99,552
 $95,893
 $95,675
 $95,004
 $94,940
 $91,542
Adjusted quarterly average assetsAdjusted quarterly average assets $244,553
 $244,553
 $247,740
 $247,740
 $239,610
 $239,610
 $243,549
 $243,549
Adjusted quarterly average assets $217,029
 $217,029
 $221,880
 $221,880
 $212,843
 $212,843
 $217,358
 $217,358
Capital Ratios:
Minimum Requirements(6) 2015
Minimum Requirements(7) 2014
               Minimum Requirements Including Capital Conservation Buffer and G-SIB Surcharge(5) 2016
Minimum Requirements(6)
               
Common equity tier 1 capital4.5%4.0%12.1% 12.0% 12.5% 14.9% 15.2% 14.9% 14.0% 16.1%5.5%4.5%12.3% 12.5% 12.5% 13.0% 15.8% 15.9% 15.4% 16.0%
Tier 1 capital6.0
5.5
14.9
 14.7
 14.6
 17.4
 15.2
 14.9
 14.0
 16.1
7.0
6.0
14.9
 15.1
 15.3
 15.9
 15.8
 15.9
 15.4
 16.0
Total capital8.0
8.0
16.9
 16.8
 16.6
 19.8
 16.7
 16.4
 15.6
 17.9
9.0
8.0
17.1
 17.3
 17.4
 18.1
 17.1
 17.3
 16.9
 17.6
Tier 1 leverage4.0
4.0
6.3
 6.3
 6.4
 6.4
 6.3
 6.3
 5.8
 5.8
4.0
4.0
6.9
 6.9
 6.9
 6.9
 7.1
 7.1
 6.7
 6.7
    
NA: Not applicable.
(1) Common equity tier 1 capital, tier 1 capital and total capital ratios as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 20142015 were calculated in conformity with the advanced approaches provisions of the Basel III final rule. Tier 1 leverage ratio as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 20142015 were calculated in conformity with the Basel III final rule.
(2) Common equity tier 1 capital, tier 1 capital and total capital ratios as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 were calculated in conformity with the standardized approach provisions of the Basel III final rule. Tier 1 leverage ratio as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 was calculated in conformity with the Basel III final rule.
(3) Common equity tier 1 capital, tier 1 capital, total capital and tier 1 leverage ratios as of December 31, 2014 were calculated in conformity with the transitional provisions of the Basel III final rule. Specifically, these ratios reflect common equity tier 1, tier 1 and total capital (the numerator) calculated in conformity with the provisions of the Basel III final rule, and total risk-weighted assets or, with respect to the tier 1 leverage ratio, quarterly average assets (in both cases, the denominator), calculated in conformity with the provisions of Basel I.
(4) Amounts for State Street and State Street Bank as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 consisted of goodwill, net of associated deferred tax liabilities, and 40%60% of other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities. Amounts for State Street and State Street Bank as of December 31, 20142015 consisted of goodwill, net of deferred tax liabilities and 20%40% of other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities. Intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities is phased in as a deduction from capital, in conformity with the Basel III final rule.
(5)(4) Market risk risk-weighted assets reported in conformity with the Basel III advanced approaches included a credit valuation adjustment, or CVA which reflected the risk of potential fair-value adjustments for credit risk reflected in our valuation of over-the-counter derivative contracts.  The CVA was not provided for in the final market risk capital rule; however, it was required by the advanced approaches provisions of the Basel III final rule.  State Street used the simple CVA approach in conformity with the Basel III advanced approaches.
(6)(5) Minimum requirements will be phased in up to full implementation beginning on January 1, 2019; minimum requirements listed are as of September 30, 2015.March 31, 2016. See Table 36:37: Basel III Final Rules Transition Arrangements and Minimum Risk Based Capital Ratios.
(7)(6) Minimum requirements will be phased in up to full implementation beginning on January 1, 2019; minimum requirements listed are as of December 31, 2014.2015. See Table 36:37: Basel III Final Rules Transition Arrangements and Minimum Risk Based Capital Ratios.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

The regulatory capital ratios for State Street and State Street Bank as of September 30, 2015, presented in Table 37: Regulatory Capital Structure and Related Regulatory Capital Ratios, differ from such ratios as of December 31, 2014. These differences are independent of applicable changes to our capital base, our asset composition, our off-balance sheet exposures or our risk profile, and resulted from changes in the methodologies, required by applicable regulatory requirements, used to calculate capital and total risk-weighted assets. As a result, the ratios presented in the table for each period are not directly comparable. As of January 1, 2015 we used the standardized provisions of the Basel III final rule in addition to the advanced approaches provisions which were previously implemented in the second quarter of 2014, and the lower of our regulatory capital ratios calculated under the advanced approaches and those ratios calculated under the standardized approach are applied in the assessment of our capital adequacy for regulatory capital purposes. Beginning in the second quarter of 2014, until January 1, 2015, we used the advanced approaches provisions in the Basel III final rule, and transitional provisions of the Basel III final rule, and the lower of our regulatory capital ratios calculated under the advanced approaches and those ratios calculated under the transitional provisions were applied in the assessment of our capital adequacy for regulatory capital purposes. Prior to the second quarter of 2014, we used the provisions of Basel I to calculate our risk-weighted assets.
State Street's common equity tier 1 capital decreased $801$29 million as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 compared to December 31, 2014, the2015 as a result of purchases by us of our common stock of approximately $1.17 billion, the strengthening U.S. dollar's impact on accumulated other comprehensive income,$325 million, declarations of common and preferred stock dividends of $502$184 million and the impact of the phase-in provisions of the Basel III final rule related to other intangible assets, mostlypartially offset by net income and the positive effect of year-to-date netforeign currency translation on accumulated other comprehensive income. Over the same period, State Street's tier 1 capital decreased $246$232 million, totalas trust preferred capital securities were fully phased-out of tier 1 capital. Total capital decreased $178$158 million under advanced approaches and total capital decreased $121$155 million under standardized approach. Ourapproach due to the changes to tier 1 capital, and total capital decreased by less than the decrease to common equity tier 1 capital over the same period as the net decrease to common equity tier 1 capital was largelypartially offset by the positive effects oninclusion of trust preferred capital securities in tier 1 capital and total capital of the issuance of $750 million of preferred stock in the second quarter of 2015.2 capital. State Street Bank's tier 1 capital increased $977$424 million, and total capital increased $804$321 million and $864$324 million under the advanced and standardized approaches, respectively, as of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, compared to December 31, 2014,2015, the result of year-
to-dateyear-to-date net income partly offset byand the previously-described impact to accumulated other comprehensive income, andpartially offset by the phase-in provisions of the Basel III final rule related to other intangible assets.
The table below presents a roll-forward of common equity tier 1 capital, tier 1 capital and total capital for the nine monthsquarter ended September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and for the twelve monthsyear ended December 31, 2014.2015.
TABLE 38: CAPITAL ROLL-FORWARD 
 State Street
(In millions)Basel III Advanced Approaches March 31, 2016Basel III Standardized Approach March 31, 2016Basel III Advanced Approaches December 31, 2015Basel III Standardized Approach December 31, 2015
Common equity tier 1 capital:   
Common equity tier 1 capital balance, beginning of period$12,433
$12,433
$13,327
$13,327
Net income368
368
1,980
1,980
Changes in treasury stock, at cost(262)(262)(1,299)(1,299)
Dividends declared(184)(184)(666)(666)
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities(315)(315)(58)(58)
Effect of certain items in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)402
402
(780)(780)
Other adjustments(38)(38)(71)(71)
Changes in common equity tier 1 capital(29)(29)(894)(894)
Common equity tier 1 capital balance, end of period12,404
12,404
12,433
12,433
Additional tier 1 capital:   
Tier 1 capital balance, beginning of period15,264
15,264
15,618
15,618
Change in common equity tier 1 capital(29)(29)(894)(894)
Net issuance of preferred stock

742
742
Trust preferred capital securities phased out of tier 1 capital(237)(237)(238)(238)
Other adjustments34
34
36
36
Changes in tier 1 capital(232)(232)(354)(354)
Tier 1 capital balance, end of period15,032
15,032
15,264
15,264
Tier 2 capital:    
Tier 2 capital balance, beginning of period2,085
2,139
2,097
2,097
Net issuance and changes in long-term debt qualifying as tier 2(99)(99)(260)(260)
Trust preferred capital securities phased into tier 2 capital177
177
238
238
Changes in ALLL and other(3)
12
66
Change in other adjustments(1)(1)(2)(2)
Changes in tier 2 capital74
77
(12)42
Tier 2 capital balance, end of period2,159
2,216
2,085
2,139
Total capital:    
Total capital balance, beginning of period17,349
17,403
17,715
17,715
Changes in tier 1 capital(232)(232)(354)(354)
Changes in tier 2 capital74
77
(12)42
Total capital balance, end of period$17,191
$17,248
$17,349
$17,403


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

TABLE 38: CAPITAL ROLL-FORWARD
 State Street
(Dollars in millions)Basel III Advanced Approach September 30, 2015 Basel III Standardized Approach September 30, 2015 Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2014
Common equity tier 1 capital:     
Common equity tier 1 capital balance, beginning of period$13,473
 $13,473
 $12,454
Net income1,416
 1,416
 2,037
Changes in treasury stock, at cost(985) (985) (1,465)
Dividends declared(502) (502) (551)
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities(118) (118) 1,874
Effect of certain items in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(536) (536) (857)
Other adjustments(76) (76) (19)
Changes in common equity tier 1 capital(801) (801) 1,019
Common equity tier 1 capital balance, end of period12,672
 12,672
 13,473
Additional tier 1 capital:     
Tier 1 capital balance, beginning of period15,764
 15,764
 13,895
Change in common equity tier 1 capital(801) (801) 1,019
Net issuance of preferred stock742
 742
 1,470
Trust preferred capital securities phased out of tier 1 capital(238) (238) (475)
Other adjustments51
 51
 (145)
Changes in tier 1 capital(246) (246) 1,869
Tier 1 capital balance, end of period15,518
 15,518
 15,764
Tier 2 capital:     
Tier 2 capital balance, beginning of period2,097
 2,097
 1,892
Net issuance and changes in long-term debt qualifying as tier 2(180) (180) (300)
Trust preferred capital securities phased into tier 2 capital238
 238
 475
Changes in ALLL and other12
 69
 
Change in other adjustments(2) (2) 30
Changes in tier 2 capital68
 125
 205
Tier 2 capital balance, end of period2,165
 2,222
 2,097
Total capital:     
Total capital balance, beginning of period17,861
 17,861
 15,787
Changes in tier 1 capital(246) (246) 1,869
Changes in tier 2 capital68
 125
 205
Total capital balance, end of period$17,683
 $17,740
 $17,861
The following table presents a roll-forward of the Basel III advanced approaches risk-weighted assets for the nine monthsquarter ended September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and six monthsfor the year ended December 31, 2014.2015.
TABLE 39: ADVANCED APPROACHES RWA ROLL-FORWARD
 State Street State Street
(Dollars in millions) Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Six Months Ended December 31, 2014
(In millions) March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
Total risk-weighted assets, beginning of period $107,827
 $111,015
 $99,552
 $107,827
Changes in credit risk-weighted assets    
Changes in credit risk-weighted assets:    
Net increase (decrease) in investment securities-wholesale 687
 (1,082) 220
 597
Net increase (decrease) in loans and leases (870) 1,381
 (15) (944)
Net increase (decrease) in securitization exposures (8,126) (5,949) (484) (9,569)
Net increase (decrease) in repo-style transaction exposures 387
 842
Net increase (decrease) in OTC derivatives exposures 1,390
 (1,317)
Net increase (decrease) in all other(1)
 (2,651) 1,431
 (366) (4,750)
Net increase (decrease) in credit risk-weighted assets (10,960) (4,219) 1,132
 (15,141)
Net increase (decrease) in credit valuation adjustment (501) (80) 494
 (618)
Net increase (decrease) in market risk-weighted assets (149) 1,230
 (894) (532)
Net increase (decrease) in operational risk-weighted assets 8,148
 (119) 349
 8,016
Total risk-weighted assets, end of period $104,365
 $107,827
 $100,633
 $99,552
   
(1) Includes assets not in a definable category, non-material portfolio, other wholesale, cash and due from, and interest-bearing deposits with banks, securities financing exposures, equity exposures, over-the-counter derivatives, and 6% credit risk supervisory charge.
As of September 30,March 31, 2016, total advanced approaches risk-weighted assets increased $1.08 billion compared to December 31, 2015, primarily due to a $1.39 billion increase in credit risk for over-the-counter foreign exchange derivatives resulting from an increase in both volumes and market values and a corresponding increase in CVA of $494 million. Credit risk also reflected an increase in securities finance agency lending and purchases of HQLA securities, mostly offset by maturities and amortization of the securitized investment portfolio. The increase in credit risk was partially offset by a reduction in market risk resulting from a lower stressed VaR.
As of December 31, 2015, total advanced approaches risk-weighted assets decreased $3.46$8.28 billion compared to December 31, 2014, primarily the result of a reduction in credit risk due to sales, maturities and pay-downsamortization of the securitized investment portfolio and the subsequent reinvestment in highly qualified liquid assets,HQLA, a decrease associated with the usage of the alternative modified look through approach for investments in investment funds, and a decline in over the counterover-the-counter foreign exchange derivatives mainly due to a decrease in market values.volumes and the addition of new netting agreements. The decreases above were partly partially
offset by an $8.15$8.02 billion increase in operational risk, which reflects adjustments to the model inputs.
As of December 31, 2014, total risk-weighted assets decreased from June 30, 2014 balances primarily due to lower credit risk-weighted assets, partially offset by an increase in market risk-equivalent risk-weighted assets. The increase in market risk-equivalent risk weighted assets resulted from the increase in the sixty-day moving average of our stressed VaR-based measure. Our stressed VaR-based measure was impacted by the extension of the tenor of FX swaps by Global Treasury designed


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

to improve our liquidity position. The decrease in credit risk-weighted assets primarily related to sales, maturities and pay-downs of both wholesale and securitized investments, partially offset by an increase in loan activity.
The following table presents a roll-forward of the Basel III standardized approach risk-weighted assets for the nine monthsquarter ended September 30,March 31, 2016 and for the year ended December 31, 2015.
TABLE 40: STANDARDIZED APPROACH RWA ROLL-FORWARD
State StreetState Street
(Dollars in millions) Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
(In millions) Quarter Ended March 31, 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015
Total estimated risk-weighted assets, beginning of period (1)
 $125,011
 $95,893
 $125,011
Changes in credit risk-weighted assets:      
Net increase (decrease) in investment securities- wholesale (1,849) (235) (2,579)
Net increase (decrease) in loans and leases 44
 845
 (539)
Net increase (decrease) in securitization exposures (8,126) (484) (9,569)
Net increase (decrease) in repo-style transaction exposures 3,495
 (7,535)
Net increase (decrease) in OTC derivatives exposures 905
 (4,007)
Net increase (decrease) in all other(2)
 (9,166) 92
 (4,357)
Net increase (decrease) in credit risk-weighted assets (19,097) 4,618
 (28,586)
Net increase (decrease) in market risk-weighted assets (149) (894) (532)
Total risk-weighted assets, end of period $105,765
 $99,617
 $95,893
   
(1) Standardized approach risk-weighted assets as of December 31, 2014the periods noted above were calculated using State Street’s estimates, based on our then current interpretation of the Basel III final rule.
(2) Includes assets not in a definable category, cleared transactions, other wholesale, cash and due from, and interest-bearing deposits with banks securities financing exposures,and equity exposures and over-the-counter derivatives.exposures.
As of September 30,March 31, 2016, total standardized approach risk-weighted assets increased $3.72 billion compared to December 31, 2015, primarily the result of an increase in securities finance agency lending, an increase in over-the-counter foreign exchange derivatives resulting from both higher volumes and market values and an increase in loans, partially offset by maturities and amortization of the securitized investment portfolio and a reduction in market risk resulting from a lower stressed VaR.
As of December 31, 2015, total standardized approach risk-weighted assets decreased $19.25$29.12 billion compared to December 31, 2014, primarily the result of a reduction in credit risk due to sales, maturities and pay-downs of both securitized and wholesale investment portfolio and the subsequent reinvestment in highly qualified liquid assets,HQLA, a decrease in securities financing exposure, a decrease associated with the usage of the alternative modified look through approach for investments in investment funds and a decline in over the counterover-the-counter foreign exchange derivatives mainlyprimarily due to a decrease in market values,volumes and a decrease in securities financing exposure.the addition of new netting agreements.


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The regulatory capital ratios as of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, presented in Table 37: Regulatory Capital Structure and Related Regulatory Capital Ratios, are calculated under the standardized approach and advanced approaches in conformity with the Basel III final rule. The advanced approaches-based ratios (actual and estimated pro forma) reflect calculations and determinations with respect to our capital and related matters as of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, based on State Street and external data, quantitative formulae, statistical
models, historical correlations and assumptions, collectively referred to as “advanced systems,” in effect and used by State Street for those purposes as of the time we first reported such ratios in a quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Significant components of these advanced systems involve the exercise of judgment by us and our regulators, and our advanced systems may not, individually or collectively, precisely represent or calculate the scenarios, circumstances, outputs or other results for which they are designed or intended.
Due to the influence of changes in these advanced systems, whether resulting from changes in data inputs, regulation or regulatory supervision or interpretation, State Street-specific or market activities or experiences or other updates or factors, we expect that our advanced systems and our capital ratios calculated in conformity with the Basel III final rule will change and may be volatile over time, and that those latter changes or volatility could be material as calculated and measured from period to period. Models implemented under the Basel III final rule, particularly those implementing the advanced approaches, remain subject to regulatory review and approval. The full effects of the Basel III final rule on State Street and State Street Bank are therefore subject to further evaluation and also to further regulatory guidance, action or rule-making.
Estimated Basel III Fully Phased-in Capital Ratios
Table 41: Regulatory Capital Structure and Related Regulatory Capital Ratios - State Street, and Table 42: Regulatory Capital Structure and Related Regulatory Capital Ratios - State Street Bank, present our capital ratios for State Street and State Street Bank as of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, calculated in conformity with the advanced approaches provisions and standardized approach of the Basel III final rule on an estimated, pro forma basis under the fully phased-in provisions of the Basel III final rule. Pro forma fully phased-in capital ratios calculated in accordance with both approaches as of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, are preliminary estimates, based on our present interpretations of the Basel III final rule as applied to our businesses and operations as of September 30, 2015.March 31, 2016.


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TABLE 41: REGULATORY CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND RELATED REGULATORY CAPITAL RATIOS - STATE STREET
September 30, 2015 (Dollars in millions) Basel III Advanced Approaches Phase-In Provisions 
Basel III Advanced Approaches Fully Phased-In Pro-Forma Estimate(1)
 Basel III Standardized Approach Phase-In Provisions 
Basel III Standardized Approach Fully Phased-In Pro-Forma Estimate(1)
March 31, 2016
(In millions)
 Basel III Advanced Approaches Phase-In Provisions 
Basel III Advanced Approaches Fully Phased-In Pro-Forma Estimate(1)
 Basel III Standardized Approach Phase-In Provisions 
Basel III Standardized Approach Fully Phased-In Pro-Forma Estimate(1)
Total common shareholders' equity $18,721
 $77
 $18,798
 $18,721
 $77
 $18,798
Total common shareholders' equity $18,737
 $56
 $18,793
 $18,737
 $56
 $18,793
Regulatory capital adjustments:            Regulatory capital adjustments:            
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities (5,987) (836) (6,823) (5,987) (836) (6,823)Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities (6,242) (542) (6,784) (6,242) (542) (6,784)
Other adjustments (62) (96) (158) (62) (96) (158)Other adjustments (91) (61) (152) (91) (61) (152)
Common equity tier 1 capital 12,672
 (855) 11,817
 12,672
 (855) 11,817
Common equity tier 1 capital 12,404
 (547) 11,857
 12,404
 (547) 11,857
Additional tier 1 capital:            Additional tier 1 capital:            
Preferred stock 2,703
 
 2,703
 2,703
 
 2,703
 2,703
 
 2,703
 2,703
 
 2,703
Trust preferred capital securities 237
 (237) 
 237
 (237) 
Trust preferred capital securities 
 
 
 
 
 
Other adjustments (94) 94
 
 (94) 94
 
 (75) 61
 (14) (75) 61
 (14)
Additional tier 1 capital 2,846
 (143) 2,703
 2,846
 (143) 2,703
 2,628
 61
 2,689
 2,628
 61
 2,689
Tier 1 capital 15,518
 (998) 14,520
 15,518
 (998) 14,520
 15,032
 (486) 14,546
 15,032
 (486) 14,546
Tier 2 capital:                        
Qualifying subordinated long-term debt 1,438
 
 1,438
 1,438
 
 1,438
Qualifying subordinated long-term debt 1,259
 
 1,259
 1,259
 
 1,259
Trust preferred capital securities 713
 132
 845
 713
 132
 845
Trust preferred capital securities 890
 (45) 845
 890
 (45) 845
ALLL and other 12
 
 12
 69
 
 69
 9
 
 9
 66
 
 66
Other 2
 (2) 
 2
 (2) 
 1
 (1) 
 1
 (1) 
Tier 2 capital 2,165
 130
 2,295
 2,222
 130
 2,352
 2,159
 (46) 2,113
 2,216
 (46) 2,170
Total capital $17,683
 $(868) $16,815
 $17,740
 $(868) $16,872
 $17,191
 $(532) $16,659
 $17,248
 $(532) $16,716
Risk weighted assets(2)
 $104,365
 $(478) $103,887
 $105,765
 $(451) $105,314
 $100,633
 $95
 $100,728
 $99,617
 $89
 $99,706
Adjusted average assets 244,553
 (488) 244,065
 244,553
 (488) 244,065
 217,029
 (357) 216,672
 217,029
 (357) 216,672
Total assets for SLR 270,762
 (488) 270,274
 270,762
 (488) 270,274
 241,793
 (357) 241,436
 241,793
 (357) 241,436
Capital ratios(3):
Minimum Requirement 2015Minimum Requirement 2019Minimum Requirement Including Capital Conservation Buffer of 2.5% and GSIB 1.5% 2019            
Capital ratios(2):
Minimum RequirementMinimum Requirement Including Capital Conservation Buffer and G-SIB Surcharge 2016Minimum Requirement Including Capital Conservation Buffer and G-SIB Surcharge 2019            
Common equity tier 1 capital(4)(3)
4.5%8.5% 12.1% 
 11.4% 12.0% 
 11.2%4.5%5.5%8.5% 12.3%   11.8% 12.5% 
 11.9%
Tier 1 capital6.010.0 14.9
 
 14.0
 14.7
 
 13.8
6.07.010.0 14.9
   14.4
 15.1
 
 14.6
Total capital8.012.0 16.9
 
 16.2
 16.8
 
 16.0
8.09.012.0 17.1
   16.5
 17.3
 
 16.8
Tier 1 leverage4.0NA 6.3
 
 5.9
 6.3
 
 5.9
4.0NA 6.9
   6.7
 6.9
 
 6.7
Supplementary leverageNA5.0NA 5.7
 
 5.4
 5.7
 
 5.4
5.0NA 6.2
   6.0
 6.2
 
 6.0
     
NA: Not applicable.
(1) As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, represents State Street's estimates calculated in conformity with the fully phased-in provisions of the Basel III Final rule for both Basel III advanced and standardized approaches, based on our current interpretations of the Basel III final rule as applied to our businesses and operations as of September 30, 2015.March 31, 2016.
(2) As of September 30, 2015, State Street's risk-weighted assets calculated in conformity with the standardized approach of the Basel III final rule exceeded risk-weighted assets calculated in conformity with the advanced approaches provisions of the Basel III final rule by $1.4 billion ($105.8 billion minus $104.4 billion).
(3) Common equity tier 1 ratio is calculated by dividing common equity tier 1 capital (numerator) by risk-weighted assets (denominator); tier 1 capital ratio is calculated by dividing tier 1 capital (numerator) by risk-weighted assets (denominator); total capital ratio is calculated by dividing total capital (numerator) by risk-weighted assets (denominator); tier 1 leverage ratio is calculated by dividing tier 1 capital (numerator) by adjusted average assets (denominator); and supplementary leverage ratio, or SLR, is calculated by dividing tier 1 capital (numerator) by total assets for SLR (denominator).
(4)(3) Common equity tier 1 ratios were calculated in conformity with the provisions of the Basel III final rule; refer to Table 37: Regulatory Capital Structure and Related Regulatory Capital Ratios.


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

TABLE 42: REGULATORY CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND RELATED REGULATORY CAPITAL RATIOS - STATE STREET BANK
September 30, 2015 (Dollars in millions) Basel III Advanced Approaches Phase-In Provisions 
Basel III Advanced Approaches Fully Phased-In Pro-Forma Estimate(1)
 Basel III Standardized Approach Phase-In Provisions 
Basel III Standardized Approach Fully Phased-In Pro-Forma Estimate(1)
March 31, 2016
(In millions)
 Basel III Advanced Approaches Phase-In Provisions 
Basel III Advanced Approaches Fully Phased-In Pro-Forma Estimate(1)
 Basel III Standardized Approach Phase-In Provisions 
Basel III Standardized Approach Fully Phased-In Pro-Forma Estimate(1)
Total common shareholders' equity $20,799
 $87
 $20,886
 $20,799
 $87
 $20,886
Total common shareholders' equity $21,097
 $63
 $21,160
 $21,097
 $63
 $21,160
Regulatory capital adjustments:            Regulatory capital adjustments:            
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities (5,687) (788) (6,475) (5,687) (788) (6,475)Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities (5,938) (506) (6,444) (5,938) (506) (6,444)
Other adjustments (92) 
 (92) (92) 
 (92) (88) 
 (88) (88) 
 (88)
Common equity tier 1 capital 15,020
 (701) 14,319
 15,020
 (701) 14,319
Common equity tier 1 capital 15,071
 (443) 14,628
 15,071
 (443) 14,628
Additional tier 1 capital:                        
Preferred stock 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred capital securities 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other adjustments 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Additional tier 1 capital 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 capital 15,020
 (701) 14,319
 15,020
 (701) 14,319
 15,071
 (443) 14,628
 15,071
 (443) 14,628
Tier 2 capital:                        
Qualifying subordinated long-term debt 1,452
 
 1,452
 1,452
 
 1,452
Qualifying subordinated long-term debt 1,271
 
 1,271
 1,271
 
 1,271
Trust preferred capital securities 
 
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred capital securities 
 
 
 
 
 
ALLL and other 9
 
 9
 69
 
 69
 5
 
 5
 66
 
 66
Other 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 2 capital 1,461
 
 1,461
 1,521
 
 1,521
 1,276
 
��1,276
 1,337
 
 1,337
Total capital $16,481
 $(701) $15,780
 $16,541
 $(701) $15,840
 $16,347
 $(443) $15,904
 $16,408
 $(443) $15,965
Risk weighted assets(2)
 $98,746
 $(915) $97,831
 $100,564
 $(863) $99,701
 $95,675
 $(437) $95,238
 $95,004
 $(412) $94,592
Adjusted average assets 239,610
 (443) 239,167
 239,610
 (443) 239,167
 212,843
 (322) 212,521
 212,843
 (322) 212,521
Total assets for SLR 265,797
 (443) 265,354
 265,797
 (443) 265,354
 237,292
 (322) 236,970
 237,292
 (322) 236,970
Capital ratios(3):
Minimum Requirement 2015Minimum Requirement 2019Minimum Requirement Including Capital Conservation Buffer of 2.5% and GSIB 1.5% 2019            
Capital ratios(2):
Minimum RequirementMinimum Requirement Including Capital Conservation Buffer and G-SIB Surcharge 2016Minimum Requirement Including Capital Conservation Buffer and G-SIB Surcharge 2019            
Common equity tier 1 capital(4)(3)
4.5%8.5% 15.2% 
 14.6% 14.9% 
 14.4%4.5%5.5%8.5% 15.8% 
 15.4% 15.9% 
 15.5%
Tier 1 capital6.010.0 15.2
 
 14.6
 14.9
 
 14.4
6.07.010.0 15.8
 
 15.4
 15.9
 
 15.5
Total capital8.012.0 16.7
 
 16.1
 16.4
 
 15.9
8.09.012.0 17.1
 
 16.7
 17.3
 
 16.9
Tier 1 leverage4.0NA 6.3
 
 6.0
 6.3
 
 6.0
4.0NA 7.1
 
 6.9
 7.1
 
 6.9
Supplementary leverageNA5.0NA 5.7
 
 5.4
 5.7
 
 5.4
6.0NA 6.4
 
 6.2
 6.4
 
 6.2
     
NA: Not applicable.
(1) As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, represents State Street Bank's estimates calculated in conformity with the fully phased-in provisions of the Basel III Final rule for both Basel III advanced and standardized approaches, based on our current interpretations of the Basel III final rule as applied to our businesses and operations as of September 30, 2015.March 31, 2016.
(2) As of September 30, 2015, State Street Bank's risk-weighted assets calculated in conformity with the standardized approach of the Basel III final rule exceeded risk-weighted assets calculated in conformity with the advanced approaches provisions of the Basel III final rule by $1.8 billion ($100.6 billion minus $98.7 billion).
(3)Common equity tier 1 capital ratio is calculated by dividing common equity tier 1 capital (numerator) by risk-weighted assets (denominator); tier 1 capital ratio is calculated by dividing tier 1 capital (numerator) by risk-weighted assets (denominator); total capital ratio is calculated by dividing total capital (numerator) by risk-weighted assets (denominator); tier 1 leverage ratio is calculated by dividing tier 1 capital (numerator) by adjusted average assets (denominator); and supplementary leverage ratio is calculated by dividing tier 1 capital (numerator) by total assets for SLR (denominator).
(4)(3) Common equity tier 1 ratios were calculated in conformity with the provisions of the Basel III final rule; refer to Table 37: Regulatory Capital Structure and Related Regulatory Capital Ratios.

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Fully phased-in pro-forma estimates of common shareholders' equity include 100% of accumulated other comprehensive income, including accumulated other comprehensive income attributable to available-for-sale securities, cash flow hedges and defined benefit pension plans. Fully phased-in pro-forma estimates of common equity tier 1 capital reflect 100% of applicable deductions, including but not limited to, intangible assets net of deferred tax
liabilities. For the third quarter of 2015, tier 1 capital includes 25% of trust preferred capital securities and the remaining 75% is included in tier 2 capital. Fully phased-in tier 1 capital reflects the transition of trust preferred capital securities from tier 1 capital to tier 2 capital. For both Basel III advanced and standardized approaches, fully phased-in pro-forma estimates of risk-weighted assets reflect the exclusion of intangible assets, offset by additions related to non-significant equity exposures and deferred tax assets related to temporary differences.


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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

The Volcker rule, including the required capital deduction for investments in a covered fund, became effective on July 21, 2015, for investments in and relationships with a covered fund made after December 31, 2013. The Federal Reserve issued an order extending the Volcker rule's general conformance period until July 21, 2016 for legacy covered funds and announced its intention to grant banking entities an additional one-year extension of the conformance period until July 21, 2017. As a result, for legacy covered funds, the Volcker rule capital deduction will not become effective until July 21, 2017. For additional information on the Volcker rule, refer to pages 10 to 11 in our 2015 Form 10-K.
Global Systemically Important Bank
We are designated as a large bank holding company subject to enhanced supervision and prudential standards, commonly referred to as a “systemically important financial institution,” or SIFI, and we are one among a group of 30 institutions worldwide that have been identified by the Financial Stability Board, or FSB and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, or BCBS as G-SIBs. Our designation as a G-SIB will require us to maintain an additional capital buffer above the Basel III final rule minimum common equity tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%, based on a number of factors, as evaluated by banking regulators.
In addition to the U.S. Basel III final rule, the Dodd-Frank Act requires the Federal Reserve to establish more stringent capital requirements for large bank holding companies, including State Street. On August 14, 2015, the Federal Reserve published a final rule on the implementation of capital requirements forthat impose a capital surcharge on U.S. G-SIBs. The surcharge requirements within the final rule will be phased in beginningbegan to phase-in on January 1, 2016 and will be fully effective on January 1, 2019. The eight U.S. banks deemed to be G-SIBs, including State Street, are required to calculate the G-SIB surcharge according to two methods, and be bound by the higher of the two:
Method 1: Assesses systemic importance based upon five equally-weighted components: size, interconnectedness, complexity, cross-jurisdictional activity and substitutability
Method 2: Alters the calculation from Method 1 by factoring in a wholesale funding score in place of substitutability and applying a 2x multiplier to the sum of the five components
As part of the final rule, the Federal Reserve published estimated G-SIB surcharges for the eight U.S. G-SIBs based on relevant data from 2012-2014.
2012 to 2014. Method 2 is identified as the binding methodology for State Street and the Federal Reserve estimated the resulting G-SIBapplicable surcharge to be 1.5%. The actual surcharge applicable on January 1, 2016 will depend on the application of the final rule utilizing relevant data from 2014is calculated to 2015 and may differ from the Federal Reserve's estimated charge ofbe 1.5%. Assuming completion of the phase-in period for the capital conservation buffer, and a countercyclical buffer of 0%, the minimum capital ratios as of January 1, 2019, including a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% and an estimated G-SIB capital surcharge of 1.5%, in 2019, would be 10.0% for tier 1 risk-based capital, 12.0% for total risk-based capital, and 8.5% for common equity tier 1 capital, in order for State Street to make capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments without limitation. Not all of our competitors have similarly been designated as systemically important, and therefore some of our competitors may not be subject to the same additional capital requirements.
Supplementary Leverage Ratio
In 2014, U.S. banking regulators issued final rules implementing a supplementary leverage ratio, oran SLR, for certain bank holding companies, like State Street, and their insured depository institution subsidiaries, like State Street Bank. WeBank, which we refer to these final rules as the SLR final rule. UnderUpon implementation, the SLR final rule upon implementationrequires that, as of January 1, 2018, (i) State Street Bank must maintain an SLR of at least 6% to be well capitalized under the U.S. banking regulators’ Prompt Corrective ActionPCA framework and (ii) if State Street maintainsmaintain an SLR of at least 5%, it is not subject to avoid limitations on distributioncapital distributions and discretionary bonus payments underpayments. In addition to the SLR, final rule.State Street is subject to a minimum tier 1 leverage ratio of 4%, which differs from the SLR primarily in that the denominator of the tier 1 leverage ratio is only a quarterly average of on-balance sheet assets and does not include any off-balance sheet exposures. Beginning with reporting for September 30, 2015, State Street iswas required to include SLR disclosures, calculated on a transitional basis, with its other Basel disclosures.
Estimated pro forma fully phased-in supplementary leverage ratios as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 are preliminary estimates by State Street, and are calculated based on our current interpretations of the SLR final rule and as applied to our businesses and operations as of September 30, 2015.March 31, 2016.






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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

TABLE 43: SUPPLEMENTARY LEVERAGE RATIO
September 30, 2015 Transitional SLR Phase-In Provisions Fully Phased-in Pro Forma SLR Estimate
(Dollars in millions)   
State Street:      
Tier 1 capital $15,518
 $(998) $14,520
On- and off-balance sheet leverage exposure 276,673
 
 276,673
Less: regulatory deductions (5,911) (488) (6,399)
Total assets for SLR $270,762
 $(488) $270,274
Supplementary leverage ratio 5.7% (0.3)% 5.4%
       
State Street Bank:      
Tier 1 capital $15,020
 $(701) $14,319
On- and off-balance sheet leverage exposure 271,347
 
 271,347
Less: regulatory deductions (5,550) (443) (5,993)
Total assets for SLR $265,797
 $(443) $265,354
Supplementary leverage ratio 5.7% (0.3)% 5.4%
TABLE 43: SUPPLEMENTARY LEVERAGE RATIO
March 31, 2016 Transitional SLR Phase-In Provisions Fully Phased-in Pro Forma SLR Estimate
(Dollars in millions)   
State Street:      
Tier 1 capital $15,032
 $(486) $14,546
On- and off-balance sheet leverage exposure 247,923
 
 247,923
Less: regulatory deductions (6,130) (357) (6,487)
Total assets for SLR $241,793
 $(357) $241,436
Supplementary leverage ratio 6.2% (0.2)% 6.0%
       
State Street Bank:      
Tier 1 capital $15,071
 $(443) $14,628
On- and off-balance sheet leverage exposure 243,043
 
 243,043
Less: regulatory deductions (5,751) (322) (6,073)
Total assets for SLR $237,292
 $(322) $236,970
Supplementary leverage ratio 6.4% (0.2)% 6.2%
Capital Actions
Preferred Stock
The following table summarizes selected terms of each of the series of the preferred stock issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2016:
TABLE 44: PREFERRED STOCK ISSUED AND OUTSTANDING
 Issuance Date Depositary Shares Issued Ownership Interest per Depositary Share Liquidation Preference Per Share Liquidation Preference Per Depositary Share Net Proceeds of Offering (in millions) 
Redemption Date(1)
Preferred Stock:(2)
             
Series CAugust 2012 20,000,000
 1/4,000th $100,000
 $25
 $488
 September 15, 2017
Series DFebruary 2014 30,000,000
 1/4,000th 100,000
 25
 742
 March 15, 2024
Series ENovember 2014 30,000,000
 1/4,000th 100,000
 25
 728
 December 15, 2019
Series FMay 2015 750,000
 1/100th 100,000
 1,000
 742
 September 15, 2020
(1) On the redemption date, or any dividend declaration date thereafter, the preferred stock and corresponding depositary shares may be redeemed by us, in whole or in part, at the liquidation price per share and liquidation price per depositary share plus any declared and unpaid dividends, without accumulation of any undeclared dividends.
(2) The preferred stock and corresponding depositary shares may be redeemed at our option in whole, but not in part, prior to the redemption date upon the occurrence of a regulatory capital treatment event, as defined in the certificate of designation, at a redemption price equal to the liquidation price per share and liquidation price per depositary share plus any declared and unpaid dividends, without accumulation of any undeclared dividends.

The following table presents the dividends declared for each of the series of preferred stock issued and outstanding for the periods indicted:
TABLE 45: PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS
 Quarters Ended March 31,
 2016 2015
 Dividends Declared Dividends Declared per Depositary Share 
Total
(in millions)(1)
 Dividends Declared Dividends Declared per Depositary Share Total (in millions)
Preferred Stock:           
Series C$1,313
 $0.33
 $7
 $1,313
 $0.33
 $6
Series D1,475
 0.37
 11
 1,475
 0.37
 11
Series E1,500
 0.38
 11
 1,833
 0.46
 14
Series F2,625
 26.25
 20
 
 
 
Total    $49
     $31
(1) Dividends were paid in March 2016.

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AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

In the second quarter of 2015,April 2016, we issued 750 thousand20 million depositary shares, each representing a 1/100th4,000th ownership interest in a shareshares of State Street’s fixed-to-floating-rateStreet's fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series F,G, without par value per share, with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (equivalent to $1,000$25 per depositary share), in a public offering. The aggregate proceeds from the offering, net of underwriting discounts, commissions and other issuance costs, were approximately $742 million.
In the first nine months ended September 30, 2015, we declared dividends on our Series F preferred stock of $1,663 per share, or approximately $16.63 per depositary share, totaling approximately $12 million. We did not declare a dividend on the Series F preferred stock in the first six months of 2015.
In the third quarter of 2015, we declared dividends on our Series E preferred stock of $1,500 per share, or approximately $0.38 per depositary share, totaling approximately $11 million. In the first nine months ended September 30, 2015, we declared dividends on our Series E preferred stock of $4,833 per share, or approximately $1.22 per depositary share, totaling approximately $36 million.
In the third quarter of 2015, we declared aggregate dividends on our Series D preferred stock of $1,475 per share, or approximately $0.37 per depositary share, totaling approximately $11 million. In the first nine months ended September 30, 2015, we declared aggregate dividends on our Series D
preferred stock of $4,425 per share, or approximately $1.11 per depositary share, totaling approximately $33 million.
In the third quarter of 2015, we declared dividends on our Series C preferred stock of $1,313 per share, or approximately $0.33 per depositary share, totaling approximately $7 million. In the first nine months ended September 30, 2015, we declared aggregate dividends on our Series C preferred stock of $3,939 per share, or approximately $0.99 per depositary share, totaling approximately $20 million.
Common Stock
In the third quarter ofMarch 2015, we declared aggregate quarterlyour Board approved a common stock dividendspurchase program authorizing the purchase of $0.34 per share, totaling approximately $138 million, which were paid in July 2015. In the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we declared aggregateup to $1.8 billion of our common stock through June 30, 2016 (the 2015 Program). The table below presents the activity under the 2015 program during the quarter ended March 31, 2016.
TABLE 46: SHARES REPURCHASED
 Quarter Ended March 31, 2016
 
Shares Purchased
 (in millions)
 
Average Cost
per Share
 
Total Purchased
(in millions)
2015 Program5.6
 $57.88
 $325
The table below presents the dividends of $0.98 per share, totaling approximately $401 million, compared to aggregatedeclared on common stock dividends of $0.86 per share, totaling approximately $366 million, declared infor the first nine months of 2014.periods indicated:
TABLE 47: COMMON STOCK DIVIDENDS
 Quarters Ended March 31,
 Dividends Declared per Share Total (in millions) Dividends Declared per Share Total (in millions)
 2016 2015
Common Stock$0.34
 $135
 $0.30
 $124
Federal and state banking regulations place certain restrictions on dividends paid by subsidiary banks to the parent holding company. In addition, banking regulators have the authority to prohibit bank holding companies from paying dividends. InformationFor information concerning limitations on dividends from our subsidiary banks, is provided inrefer to “Related Stockholder Matters” included under Item 5, and in note 13Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements included in our 2014 Form 10-K.
In March 2015, we received the results of the Federal Reserve's review of our 2015 capital plan in connection with its annual CCAR 2015 process. The Federal Reserve did not object to the capital actions we proposed in our 2015 capital plan and, in March 2015, our Board approved a new common stock purchase program authorizing the purchase of up to $1.8 billion of our common stock through June 30, 2016. In the third quarter of 2015, we purchased approximately 4.8 million shares of our common stock at an average per-share cost of $72.43 and an aggregate cost of approximately $350 million under this program. In the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we purchased approximately 9.3 million shares of our common stock at an average per-share cost of $75.47 and an aggregate cost of approximately $700 million under this program.
In the first quarter of 2015, we completed the $1.7 billion common stock purchase program authorized by the Board in March 2014 with the purchase of approximately 6.3 million shares of our common stock at an average per-share cost of


52


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

$74.88 and an aggregate cost of approximately $470 million.
Under both programs, in the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we purchased in the aggregate approximately 15.6 million shares of our common stock at an average per-share cost of $75.23 and an aggregate cost of approximately $1,170 million. Shares acquired in connection with our common stock purchase programs which remained unissued as of September 30, 2015 were recorded as treasury stock in our consolidated statement of condition as of September 30, 2015.Form 10-K.
Stock purchases may be made using various types of mechanisms, including open market purchases or transactions off market, and may be made under Rule 10b5-1 trading programs. The timing of stock purchases, types of transactions and number of shares purchased will depend on several factors, including, market conditions and State Street’s capital positions, its financial performance and investment opportunities. The common stock purchase program does not have specific price targets and may be suspended at any time.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
On behalf of clients enrolled in our securities lending program, we lend securities to banks, broker/dealers and other institutions. In most circumstances, we indemnify our clients for the fair market value of those securities against a failure of the borrower to return such securities. Though these transactions are collateralized, the substantial volume of these activities necessitates detailed credit-based underwriting and monitoring processes. The aggregate amount of indemnified securities on loan totaled $330.82$337.94 billion as of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, compared to $349.77$320.44 billion as of December 31, 2014.2015. We require the borrower to provide collateral in an amount in excess of 100% of the fair market value of the securities borrowed. We hold the collateral received in connection with these securities lending services as agent, and the collateral is not recorded in our consolidated statement of condition. We revalue the securities on loan and the collateral daily to determine if additional collateral is necessary or if excess collateral is required to be returned to the borrower. We held, as agent, cash and securities totaling $341.79$351.58 billion and $364.41$335.42 billion as collateral for indemnified securities on loan as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, respectively.
The cash collateral held by us as agent is invested on behalf of our clients. In certain cases, the cash collateral is invested in third-party repurchase agreements, for which we indemnify the client against loss of the principal invested. We require the counterparty to the indemnified repurchase
agreement to provide collateral in an amount in excess of 100% of the amount of the repurchase agreement. In our role as agent, the indemnified repurchase agreements and the related collateral held by us are not recorded in our consolidated statement of condition. Of the collateral of $341.79$351.58 billion and $364.41$335.42 billion, referenced above, $78.41$67.01 billion and $85.31$63.06 billion was invested in indemnified repurchase agreements as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, respectively. We or our agents held $82.58$70.74 billion and $90.82$67.02 billion as collateral for indemnified investments in repurchase agreements as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, respectively.
Additional information about our securities finance activities and other off-balance sheet arrangements is provided in notesNotes 7 and 129 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.


45


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

RECENT ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS
Information with respect to recent accounting developments is provided in noteNote 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.


5346





QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The information provided under “Financial Condition - Market Risk Management” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis, included in this Form 10-Q, is incorporated by reference herein. For more information on our market risk associated with our trading activities, market risk governance, covered positions, VaR, stress testing and stressed VaR, seerefer to pages 9795 to 104101 in the 2014our 2015 Form 10-K.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
State Street has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that material information related to State Street and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis required to be disclosed in its reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to State Street's management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. For the quarter ended September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, State Street's management carried out an evaluation, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of State Street's disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of these disclosure controls and procedures, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that State Street's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2015.March 31, 2016.
State Street has also established and maintains internal control over financial reporting as a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in conformity with GAAP. In the ordinary course of business, State Street routinely enhances its internal controls and procedures for financial reporting by either upgrading its current systems or implementing new systems. Changes have been made and may be made to State Street's internal controls and procedures for financial reporting as a result of these efforts. During the quarter ended September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, no change occurred in State Street's internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, State Street's internal control over financial reporting.



5447








STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME
(UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2015 2014 2015 2014Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)       2016 2015
Fee revenue:          
Servicing fees$1,294
 $1,302
 $3,892
 $3,828
$1,242
 $1,268
Management fees287
 316
 892
 908
270
 301
Trading services294
 278
 899
 791
272
 324
Securities finance113
 99
 369
 331
134
 101
Processing fees and other120
 17
 198
 117
52
 61
Total fee revenue2,108
 2,012
 6,250
 5,975
1,970
 2,055
Net interest revenue:          
Interest revenue614
 671
 1,885
 1,976
629
 642
Interest expense101
 101
 291
 290
117
 96
Net interest revenue513
 570
 1,594
 1,686
512
 546
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net:          
Net gains (losses) from sales of available-for-sale securities(2) 
 (5) 15
2
 
Losses from other-than-temporary impairment
 
 (1) (1)
 (1)
Losses reclassified (from) to other comprehensive income
 
 
 (10)
 
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net(2) 
 (6) 4
2
 (1)
Total revenue2,619
 2,582
 7,838
 7,665
2,484
 2,600
Provision for loan losses5
 2
 11
 6
4
 4
Expenses:          
Compensation and employee benefits1,051
 953
 3,122
 3,088
1,107
 1,087
Information systems and communications265
 242
 761
 730
272
 247
Transaction processing services201
 199
 599
 583
200
 197
Occupancy110
 119
 332
 348
113
 113
Acquisition and restructuring costs10
 20
 19
 81
104
 6
Professional services136
 97
 368
 318
93
 96
Amortization of other intangible assets48
 54
 147
 162
49
 50
Other141
 208
 845
 460
112
 301
Total expenses1,962
 1,892
 6,193
 5,770
2,050
 2,097
Income before income tax expense652
 688
 1,634
 1,889
430
 499
Income tax expense68
 128
 219
 344
62
 94
Net income from non-controlling interest1
 
 1
 
Net income$585
 $560
 $1,416
 $1,545
$368
 $405
Net income available to common shareholders$543
 $542
 $1,313
 $1,500
$319
 $373
Earnings per common share:          
Basic$1.34
 $1.28
 $3.20
 $3.52
$.80
 $.90
Diluted1.32
 1.26
 3.16
 3.45
.79
 .89
Average common shares outstanding (in thousands):          
Basic406,612
 421,974
 409,816
 426,775
399,421
 412,225
Diluted412,167
 429,736
 415,772
 434,510
403,615
 418,750
Cash dividends declared per common share$.34
 $.30
 $.98
 $.86
$.34
 $.30








The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5548



STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(UNAUDITED)

 Three Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)2015 2014
Net income$585
 $560
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of related taxes:   
Foreign currency translation, net of related taxes of ($51) and ($75), respectively(145) (591)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of reclassification adjustment and net of related taxes of $27 and ($94), respectively37
 (140)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities designated in fair value hedges, net of related taxes of ($10) and $10, respectively(16) 14
Other-than-temporary impairment on held-to-maturity securities related to factors other than credit, net of related taxes of $2 and $2, respectively4
 4
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges, net of related taxes of $17 and $37, respectively26
 117
Net unrealized gains (losses) on retirement plans, net of related taxes of $3 and $3, respectively4
 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(90) (596)
Total comprehensive income$495
 $(36)
 Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)2016 2015
Net income$368
 $405
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of related taxes:   
Foreign currency translation, net of related taxes of $9 and ($64), respectively306
 (699)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of related taxes of $171 and $123, respectively260
 194
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities designated in fair value hedges, net of related taxes of ($12) and ($10), respectively(19) (15)
Other-than-temporary impairment on held-to-maturity securities related to factors other than credit, net of related taxes of $1 and $3, respectively1
 4
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges, net of related taxes of ($45) and ($8), respectively(68) 12
Net unrealized gains (losses) on retirement plans, net of related taxes of $2 and $4, respectively(2) 5
Other comprehensive income (loss)478
 (499)
Total comprehensive income (loss)$846
 $(94)

 Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)2015 2014
Net income$1,416
 $1,545
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of related taxes:   
Foreign currency translation, net of related taxes of ($76) and ($38), respectively(555) (518)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of reclassification adjustment and net of related taxes of ($48) and $261, respectively(106) 425
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities designated in fair value hedges, net of related taxes of ($5) and ($5), respectively(9) (9)
Other-than-temporary impairment on held-to-maturity securities related to factors other than credit, net of related taxes of $6 and $10, respectively11
 16
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges, net of related taxes of $39 and $34, respectively46
 56
Net unrealized gains on retirement plans, net of related taxes of $4 and ($2), respectively19
 18
Other comprehensive income (loss)(594) (12)
Total comprehensive income$822
 $1,533




























The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5649



STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CONDITION
(UNAUDITED)
September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)(Unaudited)  (Unaudited)  
Assets:      
Cash and due from banks$3,660
 $1,855
$3,735
 $1,207
Interest-bearing deposits with banks68,361
 93,523
65,032
 75,338
Securities purchased under resale agreements9,155
 2,390
3,722
 3,404
Trading account assets1,223
 924
873
 849
Investment securities available for sale80,097
 94,913
71,086
 70,070
Investment securities held to maturity (fair value of $17,536 and $17,842)17,463
 17,723
Loans and leases (less allowance for losses of $48 and $38)19,019
 18,161
Premises and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation of $4,768 and $4,599)1,984
 1,937
Investment securities held to maturity (fair value of $31,555 and $29,798)31,212
 29,952
Loans and leases (less allowance for losses of $47 and $46)19,140
 18,753
Premises and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation of $4,929 and $4,820)1,949
 1,894
Accrued interest and fees receivable2,271
 2,242
2,371
 2,346
Goodwill5,716
 5,826
5,733
 5,671
Other intangible assets1,820
 2,025
1,749
 1,768
Other assets36,505
 32,600
37,083
 33,903
Total assets$247,274
 $274,119
$243,685
 $245,155
Liabilities:      
Deposits:      
Noninterest-bearing$58,426
 $70,490
$54,248
 $65,800
Interest-bearing—U.S.30,407
 33,012
31,159
 29,958
Interest-bearing—non-U.S.97,534
 105,538
100,109
 95,869
Total deposits186,367
 209,040
185,516
 191,627
Securities sold under repurchase agreements7,760
 8,925
4,224
 4,499
Federal funds purchased25
 21
23
 6
Other short-term borrowings3,761
 4,381
1,683
 1,748
Accrued expenses and other liabilities15,804
 20,237
20,388
 14,643
Long-term debt12,025
 10,042
10,323
 11,497
Total liabilities225,742
 252,646
222,157
 224,020
Commitments, guarantees and contingencies (notes 7 and 8)
 
Commitments, guarantees and contingencies (Notes 9 and 10)
 
Shareholders’ equity:      
Preferred stock, no par, 3,500,000 shares authorized:      
Series C, 5,000 shares issued and outstanding491
 491
491
 491
Series D, 7,500 shares issued and outstanding742
 742
742
 742
Series E, 7,500 shares issued and outstanding728
 728
728
 728
Series F, 7,500 shares issued and outstanding742
 
742
 742
Common stock, $1 par, 750,000,000 shares authorized:      
503,879,642 and 503,880,120 shares issued504
 504
503,879,642 and 503,879,642 shares issued504
 504
Surplus9,742
 9,791
9,739
 9,746
Retained earnings15,795
 14,882
16,233
 16,049
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(1,101) (507)(964) (1,442)
Treasury stock, at cost (100,086,970 and 88,684,969 shares)(6,143) (5,158)
Treasury stock, at cost (108,316,401 and 104,227,647 shares)(6,719) (6,457)
Total shareholders’ equity21,500
 21,473
21,496
 21,103
Non-controlling interest-equity32
 
32
 32
Total equity21,532
 21,473
21,528
 21,135
Total liabilities and equity$247,274
 $274,119
$243,685
 $245,155

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5750



STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, shares in thousands)
PREFERRED
STOCK
 COMMON STOCK Surplus 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 TREASURY STOCK Total
PREFERRED
STOCK
 COMMON STOCK Surplus 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 TREASURY STOCK Total
Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount 
Balance as of December 31, 2013$491
 503,883
 $504
 $9,776
 $13,395
 $(95) 69,754
 $(3,693) $20,378
Net income        1,545
       1,545
Other comprehensive income          (12)     (12)
Preferred stock issued742
               742
Cash dividends declared:                

Common stock - $.86 per share        (366)       (366)
Preferred stock        (43)       (43)
Common stock acquired            18,187
 (1,240) (1,240)
Common stock awards and options exercised, including income tax benefit of $54  (3)   4
     (3,984) 148
 152
Other        

   (8)   
Balance as of September 30, 2014$1,233
 503,880
 $504
 $9,780
 $14,531
 $(107) 83,949
 $(4,785) $21,156
Balance as of December 31, 2014$1,961
 503,880
 $504
 $9,791
 $14,882
 $(507) 88,685
 $(5,158) $21,473
$1,961
 503,880
 $504
 $9,791
 $14,737
 $(507) 88,685
 $(5,158) $21,328
Net income        1,416
       1,416
        405
       405
Other comprehensive loss          (594)     (594)          (499)     (499)
Preferred stock issued742
               742
Cash dividends declared:                                 

Common stock - $.98 per share        (401)       (401)
Common stock - $.30 per share        (124)       (124)
Preferred stock        (101)       (101)        (31)       (31)
Common stock acquired            15,552
 (1,170) (1,170)            6,277
 (470) (470)
Common stock awards and options exercised, including income tax benefit of $57      (45)     (4,148) 185
 140
Common stock awards and options exercised, including income tax benefit of $34  

   (47)     (2,400) 109
 62
Other      (4) (1)   (2)   (5)      

 (1)   7
   (1)
Balance as of September 30, 2015$2,703
 503,880
 $504
 $9,742
 $15,795
 $(1,101) 100,087
 $(6,143) $21,500
Balance as of March 31, 2015$1,961
 503,880
 $504
 $9,744
 $14,986
 $(1,006) 92,569
 $(5,519) $20,670
Balance as of December 31, 2015$2,703
 503,880
 $504
 $9,746
 $16,049
 $(1,442) 104,228
 $(6,457) $21,103
Net income        368
       368
Other comprehensive income          478
     478
Cash dividends declared:                

Common stock - $.34 per share        (135)       (135)
Preferred stock        (49)       (49)
Common stock acquired            5,615
 (325) (325)
Common stock awards and options exercised, including income tax benefit of $3      (7)     (1,542) 64
 57
Other            15
 (1) (1)
Balance as of March 31, 2016$2,703
 503,880
 $504
 $9,739
 $16,233
 $(964) 108,316
 $(6,719) $21,496


















The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5851



STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2015 2014Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)   2016 2015
Operating Activities:      
Net income$1,416
 $1,545
$368
 $405
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:   
Deferred income tax expense(12) (17)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:   
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense(23) 
Amortization of other intangible assets147
 162
49
 50
Other non-cash adjustments for depreciation, amortization and accretion, net434
 351
183
 136
Losses (gains) related to investment securities, net6
 (4)
(Gains) losses related to investment securities, net(2) 1
Change in trading account assets, net(299) (190)(24) (221)
Change in accrued interest and fees receivable, net(29) (195)(25) (39)
Change in collateral deposits, net(8,077) (3,533)(776) (3,199)
Change in unrealized losses (gains) on foreign exchange derivatives, net434
 (2,316)
Change in unrealized losses on foreign exchange derivatives, net2,366
 563
Change in other assets, net697
 1,563
(874) 1,527
Change in accrued expenses and other liabilities, net116
 1,430
1,293
 986
Other, net385
 240
317
 188
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities(4,782) (964)
Net cash used in operating activities2,852
 397
Investing Activities:      
Net decrease (increase) in interest-bearing deposits with banks25,162
 (22,689)
Net (increase) decrease in securities purchased under resale agreements(6,765) 3,627
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities12,417
 8,205
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities20,258
 28,562
Purchases of available-for-sale securities(19,494) (35,393)
Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity securities2,835
 2,383
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities(2,962) (3,271)
Net increase in loans(837) (4,927)
Net decrease in interest-bearing deposits with banks10,306
 10,125
Net (increase) in securities purchased under resale agreements(318) (8,941)
Proceeds from sales of available for sale securities226
 1,656
Proceeds from maturities of available for sale securities6,544
 6,467
Purchases of available for sale securities(6,947) (10,979)
Proceeds from maturities of held to maturity securities618
 993
Purchases of held to maturity securities(1,782) (2)
Net increase in loans and leases(378) (111)
Purchases of equity investments and other long-term assets(353) (169)(80) (114)
Purchases of premises and equipment(543) (298)
Purchases of premises and equipment, net(168) (96)
Other, net75
 63
6
 11
Net cash used in investing activities29,793
 (23,907)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities8,027
 (991)
Financing Activities:      
Net (increase) decrease in time deposits(5,933) 6,266
Net increase (decrease) in time deposits3,087
 (2,224)
Net (decrease) increase in all other deposits(16,740) 19,434
(9,202) 4,536
Net (decrease) increase in short-term borrowings(1,781) 1,957
Net (decrease) increase in other short-term borrowings(323) 1,194
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs2,995
 

 (915)
Payments for long-term debt and obligations under capital leases(914) (779)(1,410) 
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock742
 742
Proceeds from exercises of common stock options4
 10

 4
Purchases of common stock(961) (1,240)(268) (470)
Excess tax benefit related to stock-based compensation60
 
3
 34
Repurchases of common stock for employee tax withholding(189) (197)(54) (115)
Payments for cash dividends(489) (396)(184) (156)
Net cash provided by financing activities(23,206) 25,797
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(8,351) 1,888
Net increase1,805
 926
2,528
 1,294
Cash and due from banks at beginning of period1,855
 3,220
1,207
 1,855
Cash and due from banks at end of period$3,660
 $4,146
$3,735
 $3,149
   


The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

TABLE OF CONTENTS




























We use acronyms and other defined terms and abbreviations, as defined on the acronym list following the table of contents to this Form 10-Q.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)



Note 1.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation:
The accounting and financial reporting policies of State Street Corporation conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, referred to as GAAP. State Street Corporation, the parent company, is a financial holding company headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in these notes to consolidated financial statements to “State Street,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar references mean State Street Corporation and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Our principal banking subsidiary is State Street Bank and Trust Company, or State Street Bank.
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the financial and risk factor information included in our 2014 Annual Report on2015 Form 10-K, (2014 Form 10-K), which we previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC.
The consolidated financial statements accompanying these condensed notes are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair statement of the consolidated results of operations in these financial statements, have been made. Certain previously
reported amounts presented in this Form 10-Q have been reclassified to conform to current-period presentation. Events occurring subsequent to the date of our consolidated statement of condition were evaluated for potential recognition or disclosure in our consolidated financial statements through the date we filed this Form 10-Q with the SEC.
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions in the application of certain of our significant accounting policies that may materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, and expenses. As a result of unanticipated events or circumstances, actual results could differ from those estimates. These accounting estimates reflect the best judgment of management, but actual results could differ.
Our consolidated statement of condition as of December 31, 20142015 included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date, but does not include all notes required by GAAP for a complete set of consolidated financial statements.
Recent Accounting Developments:
In September 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB, issued an amendment that requires an acquirer to recognize purchase price adjustments to provisional amounts in the reporting period in which the adjustments are determined, as opposed to being applied retrospectively at the acquisition date. The amendment, which allows for early adoption, is effective for State Street beginning on January 1, 2016. We do not have any significant acquisitions in 2015 that could have a material impact in our consolidated financial statements when this amendment becomes effective in 2016. We will assess its impact in conjunction with new transactions, as applicable.
In July 2015, the FASB issued an update to delay the effective date of the new revenue standard by one year. The deferral results in the new revenue standard being effective for State Street beginning on January 1, 2018.
In May 2015, the FASB issued an amendment, which makes certain technical corrections to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification that affect a wide variety of topics to clarify the codification, correct unintended application of the guidance, or make minor improvements that are not expected to have a significant effect on current accounting practice or create a significant administrative cost to entities. The amendments that require transition guidance are effective for State Street beginning on January 1, 2016 and all other amendments are effective immediately. Our adoption of this amendment does not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In May 2015, the FASB issued an amendment to GAAP which removes from the fair value hierarchy, investments for which the practical expedient is used to measure fair value at net asset value (NAV). Instead, an entity is required to include those investments as a reconciling line item so that the total fair value amount of investments in the disclosure is consistent with the amount on the balance sheet. The amendment is effective for State Street beginning on January 1, 2016. Our adoption of this amendment is not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements
In April 2015, the FASB issued an amendment to GAAP which will assist entities in evaluating the accounting for fees paid by a customer in a cloud computing arrangement. The amendment, which allows for early adoption, is effective for State Street beginning on January 1, 2016. Our adoption of this amendment is not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.






















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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Recent Accounting Developments:
Relevant standards that were recently issued but not yet adopted
StandardDescriptionDate of AdoptionEffects on the financial statements or other significant matters
ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)The standard, and its related amendments, will replace existing revenue recognition standards and significantly expand the disclosure requirements for revenue arrangements with customers. It may be adopted either retrospectively or on a modified retrospective basis to new contracts and existing contracts with remaining performance obligations as of the effective date.January 1, 2018We are currently assessing the impact of the standard and its amendments on our consolidated financial statements and evaluating the alternative methods of adoption.
ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial LiabilitiesThe standard makes limited amendments to the guidance on the classification and measurement of financial instruments. Under the new standard, all equity securities will be measured at fair value through earnings with certain exceptions, including investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting. In addition, the FASB clarified the guidance related to valuation allowance assessments when recognizing deferred tax assets on unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities. This standard must be applied on a retrospective basis.January 1, 2018We are currently assessing the impact of the standard on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)The standard represents a wholesale change to lease accounting and requires all leases, other than short-term leases, to be reported on balance sheet through recognition of a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability for future lease obligations. The standard also requires extensive disclosures for assets, expenses, and cash flows associated with leases, as well as a maturity analysis of lease liabilities.January 1, 2019We are currently assessing the impact of the standard on our consolidated financial statements, but we anticipate an increase in assets and liabilities due to the recognition of the required right-of-use asset and corresponding liability for all lease obligations that are currently classified as operating leases.
ASU 2016-05, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Effect of Derivative Contract Novations on Existing Hedge Accounting Relationships (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force)The standard clarifies that a change in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that is designated as a hedging instrument would result in dedesignation of the hedging relationship. This may be applied on a prospective or modified retrospective basis.January 1, 2017Our adoption of the standard will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment AccountingThe standard simplifies the guidance related to stock compensation, including the accounting for income taxes by eliminating the windfall pool and requiring recognition of all excess tax benefits and deficiencies within the statement of income, as well as changes in the accounting for forfeitures, classification in the statement of cash flows and tax withholding requirements.January 1, 2017We are currently assessing the impact of the standard on our consolidated financial statements, but we anticipate increased income statement volatility due to the recognition of all excess tax benefits and deficiencies within the statement of income.
In April 2015,Relevant standards that were adopted during the FASB issued an amendmentquarter ended March 31, 2016:
We adopted ASU 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to GAAP that requiresthe Consolidation Analysis, effective January 1, 2016. The implementation of the new standard did not result in any changes to our previous consolidation conclusions.
We adopted ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, effective January 1, 2016 with retrospective application for all prior periods presented. The implementation of this standard resulted in debt issuance costs to be presented in the consolidated balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the associated debt liability, consistent with the presentation of a debt discount. This amendment, which allows for early adoption, is effective for State Street beginning on January 1, 2016.
Our debt issuance costs that are currently classified as deferred credits$36 million and have a balance of approximately $39$37 million as of September 30,March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, will be reclassified as contra liabilities upon adoption.
In August 2015, the FASB issued a related amendment incorporating the SEC staff announcementrespectively, being netted against long-term debt in the accounting standards codification to clarify that debt issuance costs relating to line of credit arrangements may still be presented as an asset, notwithstanding the April 2015 amendment that requires debt issuance costs relating to recognized debt liabilities to be recognized as contra liabilities. We do not have significant line of credit arrangements or related debt issuance costs and do not expect this amendment to be significant to our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2015, the FASB issued an amendment to GAAP that updates the consolidation model used to evaluate whether a legal entity is required to be consolidated. The amendment, which allows for early adoption, is effective for State Street beginning on January 1, 2016, and may be applied retrospectively or via a modified retrospective approach. Based on our current assessmentstatement of the amendment, we do not expect our adoption of this amendment to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2015, the FASB issued an amendment to GAAP to remove the concept of "extraordinary items," which are defined as items that are unusual and infrequent in nature. The amendment, which allows for early adoption, is effective for State Street beginning on January 1, 2016. Our adoption of this amendment is not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
condition.
Note 2.    Fair Value
Fair-Value Measurements:
We carry trading account assets, AFS investment securities available for sale and various types of derivative financial instruments at fair value in our consolidated statement of condition on a recurring basis. Changes in the fair values of these financial assets and liabilities are recorded either as components of our
consolidated statement of income or as components of accumulated other comprehensive income, or AOCI within shareholders' equity in our consolidated statement of condition.
We measure fair value for the above-described financial assets and liabilities in conformity with U.S. GAAP that governs the measurement of the fair value of financial instruments. Management believes that its valuation techniques and underlying assumptions used to measure fair value conform to the provisions of U.S. GAAP. We categorize the financial assets and liabilities that we carry at fair value based on a prescribed three-level valuation hierarchy. For information about our valuation techniques for financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy, refer to noteNote 2 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 130132 to 141142 of the 2014our 2015 Form 10-K.
The following tables present information with respect to our financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value in our consolidated statement of condition on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated. No transfers of financial assets or liabilities between levels 1 and 2 occurred in the ninethree months ended September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 or the year ended December 31, 2014.2015.








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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


Fair-Value Measurements on a Recurring BasisFair-Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
as of September 30, 2015as of March 31, 2016
(In millions)
Quoted Market
Prices in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Observable
Market Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Unobservable
Market Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Impact of Netting(1)
 
Total Net
Carrying Value
in Consolidated
Statement of
Condition
Quoted Market
Prices in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Observable
Market Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Unobservable
Market Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Impact of Netting(1)
 
Total Net
Carrying Value
in Consolidated
Statement of
Condition
Assets:                  
Trading account assets:                  
U.S. government securities$71
 $
 $
   $71
$51
 $
 $
   $51
Non-U.S. government securities666
 
 
   666
486
 
 
   486
Other14
 472
 
   486
4
 332
 
   336
Total trading account assets751
 472
 
   1,223
541
 332
 
   873
Investment securities available for sale:         
AFS Investment securities:         
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:                  
Direct obligations12,817
 537
 
   13,354
5,848
 494
 
   6,342
Mortgage-backed securities
 18,829
 
   18,829

 17,934
 300
   18,234
Asset-backed securities:                  
Student loans
 7,414
 230
   7,644

 6,631
 186
   6,817
Credit cards
 1,504
 
   1,504

 1,368
 
   1,368
Sub-prime
 458
 
   458

 388
 
   388
Other(2)

 12
 1,943
   1,955

 
 1,813
   1,813
Total asset-backed securities
 9,388
 2,173
 
 11,561

 8,387
 1,999
 
 10,386
Non-U.S. debt securities:                  
Mortgage-backed securities
 7,916
 
   7,916

 7,612
 
   7,612
Asset-backed securities
 2,921
 277
   3,198

 2,577
 127
   2,704
Government securities
 3,711
 
   3,711

 5,070
 
   5,070
Other(3)

 4,739
 263
   5,002

 4,714
 295
   5,009
Total non-U.S. debt securities
 19,287
 540
   19,827

 19,973
 422
   20,395
State and political subdivisions
 9,939
 35
   9,974

 9,994
 32
   10,026
Collateralized mortgage obligations
 3,151
 148
   3,299

 2,856
 82
   2,938
Other U.S. debt securities
 2,898
 9
   2,907

 2,231
 
   2,231
U.S. equity securities
 37
 
   37

 40
 
   40
Non-U.S. equity securities
 3
 
   3

 3
 
   3
U.S. money-market mutual funds
 298
 
   298

 473
 
   473
Non-U.S. money-market mutual funds
 8
 
   8

 18
 
   18
Total investment securities available for sale12,817
 64,375
 2,905
 
 80,097
5,848
 62,403
 2,835
 
 71,086
Other assets:                  
Derivative instruments:                  
Foreign exchange contracts
 10,713
 21
 $(5,364) 5,370

 16,300
 
 $(10,543) 5,757
Interest-rate contracts
 232
 
 (217) 15

 371
 
 (316) 55
Other derivative contracts
 5
 
 (3) 2

 3
 
 (2) 1
Total derivative instruments
 10,950
 21
 (5,584) 5,387

 16,674
 
 (10,861) 5,813
Other114
 
 
 
 114
Total assets carried at fair value$13,568
 $75,797
 $2,926
 $(5,584) $86,707
$6,503
 $79,409
 $2,835
 $(10,861) $77,886
Liabilities:                  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:                  
Trading account liabilities:                  
U.S. government securities$3
 $
 $
 $
 $3
Non-U.S. government securities$94
 $
 $
 $
 $94
94
 
 
 
 94
Other
 9
 
 
 9
8
 13
 
 
 21
Derivative instruments:                  
Foreign exchange contracts
 10,275
 22
 (6,451) 3,846

 15,786
 
 (8,508) 7,278
Interest-rate contracts
 207
 
 (39) 168

 206
 
 (41) 165
Other derivative contracts
 105
 
 (3) 102

 144
 
 (2) 142
Total derivative instruments
 10,587
 22
 (6,493) 4,116

 16,136
 
 (8,551) 7,585
Other114
 
 
 
 114
Total liabilities carried at fair value$94
 $10,596
 $22
 $(6,493) $4,219
$219
 $16,149
 $
 $(8,551) $7,817
    
(1) RepresentsRepresents counterparty netting against level-2level 2 financial assets and liabilities where a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between State Street and the counterparty. Netting also reflects asset and liability reductions of $842$3.17 billion and $856 million, and $1.75 billion, respectively, for cash collateral received from and provided to derivative counterparties.
(2) As of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016, the fair value of other asset-backed securities was primarily composed of $1.9$1.81 billion of collateralized loan obligations and approximately $12 million of automobile loan securities.obligations.
(3) As of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016, the fair value of other non-U.S. debt securities was primarily composed of $3.3$3.38 billion of covered bonds and $763$741 million of corporate bonds.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


Fair-Value Measurements on a Recurring BasisFair-Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
as of December 31, 2014as of December 31, 2015
(In millions)
Quoted Market
Prices in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Observable
Market Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Unobservable
Market Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Impact of Netting(1)
 
Total Net
Carrying Value
in Consolidated
Statement of
Condition
Quoted Market
Prices in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Observable
Market Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Unobservable
Market Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Impact of Netting(1)
 
Total Net
Carrying Value
in Consolidated
Statement of
Condition
Assets:                  
Trading account assets:                  
U.S. government securities$20
 $
 $
   $20
$32
 $
 $
   $32
Non-U.S. government securities378
 
 
   378
479
 
 
   479
Other20
 506
 
   526
10
 328
 
   338
Total trading account assets418
 506
 
   924
521
 328
 
   849
Investment securities available for sale:         
AFS Investment securities:         
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:                  
Direct obligations10,056
 599
 
   10,655
5,206
 512
 
   5,718
Mortgage-backed securities
 20,714
 
   20,714

 18,165
 
   18,165
Asset-backed securities:                  
Student loans
 12,201
 259
   12,460

 6,987
 189
   7,176
Credit cards
 3,053
 
   3,053

 1,341
 
   1,341
Sub-prime
 951
 
   951

 419
 
   419
Other(2)

 365
 3,780
   4,145

 
 1,764
   1,764
Total asset-backed securities
 16,570
 4,039
   20,609

 8,747
 1,953
   10,700
Non-U.S. debt securities:                  
Mortgage-backed securities
 9,606
 
   9,606

 7,071
 
   7,071
Asset-backed securities
 2,931
 295
   3,226

 3,093
 174
   3,267
Government securities
 3,909
 
   3,909

 4,355
 
   4,355
Other(3)

 5,057
 371
   5,428

 4,579
 255
   4,834
Total non-U.S. debt securities
 21,503
 666
   22,169

 19,098
 429
   19,527
State and political subdivisions
 10,782
 38
   10,820

 9,713
 33
   9,746
Collateralized mortgage obligations
 4,725
 614
   5,339

 2,948
 39
   2,987
Other U.S. debt securities
 4,100
 9
   4,109

 2,614
 10
   2,624
U.S. equity securities
 39
 
   39

 39
 
   39
Non-U.S. equity securities
 2
 
   2

 3
 
   3
U.S. money-market mutual funds
 449
 
   449

 542
 
   542
Non-U.S. money-market mutual funds
 8
 
   8

 19
 
   19
Total investment securities available for sale10,056
 79,491
 5,366
   94,913
5,206
 62,400
 2,464
   70,070
Other assets:                  
Derivatives instruments:                  
Foreign exchange contracts
 15,054
 81
 $(7,211) 7,924

 11,311
 5
 $(6,562) 4,754
Interest-rate contracts
 77
 
 (68) 9

 135
 
 (115) 20
Other derivative contracts
 2
 
 (1) 1

 5
 
 (2) 3
Total derivative instruments
 15,133
 81
 (7,280) 7,934

 11,451
 5
 (6,679) 4,777
Other2
 
 
 
 2
Total assets carried at fair value$10,474
 $95,130
 $5,447
 $(7,280) $103,771
$5,729
 $74,179
 $2,469
 $(6,679) $75,698
Liabilities:                  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:                  
Trading account liabilities:         
U.S. government securities$5
 $
 $
 $
 $5
Non-U.S. government securities76
 
 
 
 76
Other5
 13
 
 
 18
Derivative instruments:                  
Foreign exchange contracts$
 $14,851
 $74
 $(8,879) $6,046

 10,863
 5
 (6,995) 3,873
Interest-rate contracts
 239
 
 (46) 193

 182
 
 (24) 158
Other derivative contracts
 61
 9
 (1) 69

 103
 
 (2) 101
Total derivative instruments
 15,151
 83
 (8,926) 6,308

 11,148
 5
 (7,021) 4,132
Other2
 
 
 
 2
Total liabilities carried at fair value$
 $15,151
 $83
 $(8,926) $6,308
$88
 $11,161
 $5
 $(7,021) $4,233
    
(1) Represents counterparty netting against level-2level 2 financial assets and liabilities where a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between State Street and the counterparty. Netting also reflects asset and liability reductions of $983$776 million and $2.63$1.118 billion, respectively, for cash collateral received from and provided to derivative counterparties.
(2) As of December 31, 2014,2015, the fair value of other asset-backed securities was primarily composed of $3.8$1.76 billion of collateralized loan obligations and approximately $315 million of automobile loan securities.obligations.
(3) As of December 31, 2014,2015, the fair value of other non-U.S. debt securities was primarily composed of $3.3$3.18 billion of covered bonds and $1.2 billion$613 million of corporate bonds.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


The following tables present activity related to our level-3 financial assets and liabilities during the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2016 and 2015, and 2014, respectively. Transfers into and out of level 3 are reported as of the beginning of the period presented. InDuring the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2016 and 2015, and 2014, transfers out of level 3 were mainly related to certain mortgage- and asset-backed securities, including non-U.S. debt securities, for which fair value was measured using prices for which observable market information became available.
Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable InputsFair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
Three Months Ended September 30, 2015Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
Fair Value  as of
June 30, 2015
 Total Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) Purchases Sales Settlements Transfers out of Level 3 
Fair Value  as of
September 30, 2015
(1)
 Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30, 2015
Fair Value  as of
December 31,
2015
 Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 Purchases Settlements Transfers
out of
Level 3
 
Fair Value  as of
March 31, 2016
(1)
 Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
March 31, 2016
(In millions)Recorded in Revenue Recorded in Other Comprehensive Income 
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Assets:                                
Investment securities available for sale:                 
AFS Investment securities:               
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies, mortgage-backed securities$
 $
 $
 $300
 $
 $
 $300
  
Asset-backed securities:                                
Student loans$234
 $
 $(3) $
 $
 $(1) $
 $230
  189
 
 (3) 
 
 
 186
  
Other2,933
 22
 (19) 
 (686) (307) 
 1,943
  1,764
 7
 (11) 113
 (60) 
 1,813
  
Total asset-backed securities3,167
 22
 (22) 
 (686) (308) 
 2,173
  1,953
 7
 (14) 113
 (60) 
 1,999
  
Non-U.S. debt securities:                                
Mortgage-backed securities97
 
 
 
 
 
 (97) 
  
Asset-backed securities193
 
 (1) 168
 
 (83) 
 277
  174
 
 
 53
 (18) (82) 127
  
Other264
 
 (1) 
 
 
 
 263
  255
 
 (2) 29
 13
 
 295
  
Total Non-U.S. equity securities554
 
 (2) 168
 
 (83) (97) 540
  
Total non-U.S. debt securities429
 
 (2) 82
 (5) (82) 422
  
State and political subdivisions36
 
 (1) 
 
 
 
 35
  33
 
 
 
 (1) 
 33
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations215
 
 (1) 
 
 (17) (49) 148
  39
 
 
 50
 (7) 
 82
  
Other U.S. debt securities9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9
  10
 
 
 
 (10) 
 
  
Total investment securities available for sale3,981
 22
 (26) 168
 (686) (408) (146) 2,905
  2,464
 7
 (16) 545
 (83) (82) 2,835
  
Other assets:                                
Derivative instruments:                                
Foreign exchange contracts60
 (5) 
 1
 
 (35) 
 21
 $
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts5
 3
 
 
 (8) 
 
 $
Total derivative instruments60
 (5) 
 1
 
 (35) 
 21
 
5
 3
 
 
 (8) 
 
 
Other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets carried at fair value$4,041
 $17
 $(26) $169
 $(686) $(443) $(146) $2,926
 $
$2,469
 $10
 $(16) $545
 $(91) $(82) $2,835
 $

Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable InputsFair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
Three Months Ended September 30, 2015Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
Fair Value  as of
June 30, 2015
 Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
 Issuances Settlements 
Fair Value 
as of
September 30, 2015
(2)
 Change in
Unrealized
(Gains) Losses Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30,
2015
Fair Value  as of
December 31,
2015
 Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
 Settlements 
Fair Value  as of
March 31, 2016
(2)
 Change in
Unrealized
(Gains) Losses Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
March 31,
2016
(In millions)Recorded
in
Revenue
 Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Liabilities:                    
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:                    
Derivative instruments:                    
Foreign exchange contracts$50
 $(3) $1
 $(26) $22
 $1
$5
 $5
 $(10) $
 $
Total derivative instruments50
 (3) 1
 (26) 22
 1
5
 5
 (10) 
 
Total liabilities carried at fair value$50
 $(3) $1
 $(26) $22
 $1
$5
 $5
 $(10) $
 $
    
(1) There were no transfers of assets into level 3 during the three months ended September 30, 2015.March 31, 2016.
(2) There were no transfers of liabilities into or out of level 3 during the three months ended September 30, 2015.March 31, 2016.


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STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


 Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
 Fair Value  as of
December 31,
2014
 Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 Purchases Sales Settlements Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair Value  as of
September 30, 2015
 Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30, 2015
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Assets:                   
Investment securities available for sale:                   
Asset-backed securities:                   
Student loans$259
 $
 $(2) $
 
 $(6) $
 $(21) $230
  
Other3,780
 47
 (37) 
 (1,106) (741) 
 
 1,943
  
Total asset-backed securities4,039
 47
 (39) 
 (1,106) (747) 
 (21) 2,173
  
Non-U.S. debt securities:                   
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 43
 
 
 97
 (140) 
  
Asset-backed securities295
 1
 (1) 168
 
 (169) 
 (17) 277
  
Other371
 
 
 111
 
 (32) 
 (187) 263
  
Total non-U.S. debt securities666
 1
 (1) 322
 
 (201) 97
 (344) 540
  
State and political subdivisions38
 
 (2) 
 
 (1) 
 
 35
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations614
 
 (2) 293
 (88) (82) 
 (587) 148
  
Other U.S. debt securities9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9
  
Total investment securities available for sale5,366
 48
 (44) 615
 (1,194) (1,031) 97
 (952) 2,905
  
Other assets:                   
Derivative instruments:                   
Derivative instruments, Foreign exchange contracts81
 49
 
 17
 
 (126) 
 
 21
 $
Total derivative instruments81
 49
 
 17
 
 (126) 
 
 21
 
Total assets carried at fair value$5,447
 $97
 $(44) $632
 $(1,194) $(1,157) $97
 $(952) $2,926
 $
Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable InputsFair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
Fair Value  as of
December 31,
2014
 Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
 Issuances Settlements 
Fair Value  as of
September 30, 2015
(1)
 Change in
Unrealized
(Gains) Losses Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30,
2015
Fair Value  as of December 31,
2014
 Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 Purchases Settlements Transfers
out of
Level 3
 
Fair Value  as of
March 31, 2015
(1)
 Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
March 31, 2015
(In millions)Recorded
in
Revenue
Recorded
in
Revenue
 Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Liabilities:           
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:           
Assets:               
Asset-backed securities:               
Student loans$259
 $
 $1
 $
 $(3) $
 $257
  
Other3,780
 12
 (12) 
 (147) 
 3,633
  
Total asset-backed securities4,039
 12
 (11) 
 (150) 
 3,890
  
Non-U.S. debt securities:               
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 43
 
 
 43
  
Asset-backed securities295
 1
 
 
 (68) 
 228
  
Other371
 
 1
 111
 (41) 
 442
  
Total non-U.S. debt securities666
 1

1

154

(109)

 713
  
State and political subdivisions38
 
 (1) 
 
 
 37
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations614
 
 
 293
 (36) (349) 522
  
Other U.S. debt securities9
 
 
 
 
 
 9
  
Total investment securities available for sale5,366
 13
 (11) 447
 (295) (349) 5,171
  
Other assets:               
Derivative instruments:                          
Foreign exchange contracts$74
 $24
 $19
 $(95) $22
 $(2)
Other9
 
 
 (9) 
 
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts81
 131
 
 36
 (63) 
 185
 $107
Total derivative instruments83
 24
 19
 (104) 22
 (2)81
 131
 
 36
 (63) 
 185
 107
Total liabilities carried at fair value$83
 $24
 $19
 $(104) $22
 $(2)
Total assets carried at fair value$5,447
 $144
 $(11) $483
 $(358) $(349) $5,356
 $107
(1) There were no transfers of liabilities into or out of level 3 during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

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Table of Contents
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


 Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2014
 Fair Value as of June 30,
2014
 Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 Purchases Sales Settlements Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair Value  as of
September 30, 2014
 Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30,
2014
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Assets:                   
Investment securities available for sale:                   
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies, mortgage-backed securities$96
 $
 $
 $168
 $
 $(4) $
 $
 $260
  
Asset-backed securities:                   
Student loans322
 

 (1) 24
 (74) (5) 
 
 266
  
Other4,061
 18
 (8) 275
 
 (402) 
 
 3,944
  
Total asset-backed securities4,383
 18
 (9) 299
 (74) (407) 
 
 4,210
  
Non-U.S. debt securities:                   
Asset-backed securities506
 2
 (1) 
 
 (99) 76
 (60) 424
  
Other515
 
 
 
 
 (25) 
 (192) 298
  
Total non-U.S. debt securities1,021
 2
 (1) 
 
 (124) 76
 (252) 722
  
State and political subdivisions41
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 41
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations196
 
 
 125
 
 (7) 
 (80) 234
  
Other U.S. debt securities9
 
 
 
 
 (1) 
 
 8
  
Total investment securities available for sale5,746
 20
 (10) 592
 (74) (543) 76
 (332) 5,475
  
Other assets:                   
Derivative instruments:                   
Derivative instruments, Foreign exchange contracts10
 44
 
 22
 
 (8) 
 
 68
 $40
Total derivative instruments10
 44
 
 22
 
 (8) 
 
 68
 40
Total assets carried at fair value$5,756
 $64
 $(10) $614
 $(74) $(551) $76
 $(332) $5,543
 $40
Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable InputsFair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
Three Months Ended September 30, 2014Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
Fair Value as of June 30,
2014
 Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains  (Losses)
 Issuances Settlements 
Fair Value  as of
September 30, 2014
(1)
 Change in
Unrealized
(Gains) Losses
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30,
2014
Fair Value  as of December 31,
2014
 Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
 Issuances Settlements 
Fair Value  as of
March 31, 2015
(2)
 Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
March 31, 2015
(In millions)Recorded
in
Revenue
 Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Liabilities:                      
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:                      
Derivative instruments:                      
Foreign exchange contracts$10
 $36
 $18
 $(5) $59
 $35
$74
 $109
 $37
 $(48) $172
 $93
Other9
 
 
 
 9
 
9
 
 
 
 9
 
Total derivative instruments19
 36
 18
 (5) 68
 35
83
 109
 37
 (48) 181
 93
Total liabilities carried at fair value$19
 $36
 $18
 $(5) $68
 $35
$83
 $109
 $37
 $(48) $181
 $93
    
(1) There were no transfers of assets into level 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2015.
(2) There were no transfers of liabilities into or out of level 3 induring the three months ended September 30, 2014.March 31, 2015.


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Table of Contents
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


 Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
 Fair Value  as of December 31,
2013
 Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 Purchases Issuances Sales Settlements Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair Value  as of
September 30, 2014
 Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30,
2014
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Assets:                     
Investment securities available for sale:                     
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies, mortgage-backed securities$716
 $
 $
 $168
 $
 $
 $(14) $
 $(610) $260
  
Asset-backed securities:                     
Student loans423
 1
 2
 24
 
 (74) (31) 
 (79) 266
  
Credit cards24
 
 
 
 
 
 (24) 
 
 
  
Other4,532
 46
 (14) 282
 
 
 (902) 
 
 3,944
  
Total asset-backed securities4,979
 47
 (12) 306
 
 (74) (957) 
 (79) 4,210
  
Non-U.S. debt securities:                     
Mortgage-backed securities375
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (375) 
  
Asset-backed securities798
 5
 
 
 
 
 (219) 76
 (236) 424
  
Other464
 
 
 55
 
 (1) (28) 
 (192) 298
  
Total non-U.S. debt securities1,637
 5



55



(1)
(247)
76
 (803) 722
  
State and political subdivisions43
 1
 (1) 
 
 
 (2) 
 
 41
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations162
 
 1
 205
 
 (6) (20) 
 (108) 234
  
Other U.S. debt securities8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8
  
Total investment securities available for sale7,545
 53
 (12) 734
 
 (81) (1,240) 76
 (1,600) 5,475
  
Other assets:                     
Derivative instruments:                     
Derivative instruments, Foreign exchange contracts19
 26
 
 32
 
 
 (9) 
 
 68
 $35
Total derivative instruments19
 26
 
 32
 
 
 (9) 
 
 68
 35
Total assets carried at fair value$7,564
 $79
 $(12) $766
 $
 $(81) $(1,249) $76
 $(1,600) $5,543
 $35
 Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
 Fair Value  as of December 31,
2013
 Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
 Issuances Settlements 
Fair Value  as of
September 30, 2014
(1)
 Change in
Unrealized
(Gains)
Losses
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30,
2014
(In millions)Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Liabilities:           
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:           
Derivative instruments:           
Foreign exchange contracts$17
 $22
 $28
 $(8) $59
 $32
Other9
 
 
 
 9
 
Total derivative instruments26
 22
 28
 (8) 68
 32
Total liabilities carried at fair value$26
 $22
 $28
 $(8) $68
 $32
(1) There were no transfers of liabilities into or out of level 3 in the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

67


Table of Contents
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


The following table presents total realized and unrealized gains and losses for our level-3 financial assets and liabilities and where they are presented in our consolidated statement of income for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Recorded
in Revenue
 Change in
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Related to
Financial
Instruments Held as of September 30,
 Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Recorded
in Revenue
 Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Related to Financial instruments Held as of September 30,Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Recorded
in Revenue
 Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Related to Financial instruments Held as of March 31,
(In millions)2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 20142016 2015 2016 2015
Fee revenue:                      
Trading services$(1) $8
 $(1) $5
 $25
 $4
 $2
 $3
$(2) $22
 $
 $14
Total fee revenue(1) 8
 (1) 5
 25
 4
 2
 3
(2) 22
 
 14
Net interest revenue21
 20
 
 
 48
 53
 
 
7
 13
 
 
Total revenue$20
 $28
 $(1) $5
 $73
 $57
 $2
 $3
$5
 $35
 $
 $14
The following table presents quantitative information, as of the dates indicated, about the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our level-3 financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which we use internally-developed pricing models. The significant unobservable inputs for our level-3 financial assets and liabilities whose fair value is measured using pricing information from non-binding broker or dealer quotes are not included in the table, as the specific inputs applied are not provided by the broker/dealer.
 Quantitative Information about Level-3 Fair-Value Measurements Quantitative Information about Level-3 Fair-Value Measurements
 Fair Value Weighted-Average Fair Value Weighted-Average
(Dollars in millions) As of September 30, 2015 As of December 31, 2014 Valuation Technique 
Significant
Unobservable Input
(1)
 As of September 30, 2015 As of December 31, 2014 As of March 31, 2016 As of December 31, 2015 Valuation Technique 
Significant
Unobservable Input
(1)
 As of March 31, 2016 As of December 31, 2015
Significant unobservable inputs readily available to State Street:                
Assets:                        
Asset-backed securities, other $38
 $59
 Discounted cash flows Credit spread 0.1% 0.2% $24
 $28
 Discounted cash flows Credit spread (0.2)% (0.1)%
State and political subdivisions 35
 38
 Discounted cash flows Credit spread 2.3
 2.1
 32
 33
 Discounted cash flows Credit spread 2.2
 2.2
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts 21
 81
 Option model Volatility 10.9
 9.1
 
 5
 Option model Volatility 
 9.3
Total $94
 $178
     $56
 $66
    
Liabilities:                
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts $22
 $74
 Option model Volatility 11.8
 9.0
 $
 $5
 Option model Volatility 
 9.2
Derivative instruments, other(2)
 
 9
 Discounted cash flows Participant redemptions 
 5.2
Total $22
 $83
     $
 $5
    
    
(1) Significant changes in these unobservable inputs would result in significant changes in fair value measure.
(2)Relates to stable value wrap contracts; refer to the sensitivity discussion following the tables presented below, and to note 7.

We use internally-developed pricing models to measure the fair value of certain level-3 financial assets and liabilities, which incorporate discounted cash flow and option modeling techniques. Use of these techniques requires the determination of
relevant inputs and assumptions, some of which represent significant unobservable inputs as indicated in the following table. Accordingly, changes in these unobservable inputs may have a significant impact on fair value.


6860


Table of Contents
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


The following tables present information with respect to the composition of our level-3 financial assets and liabilities, by availability of significant unobservable inputs, as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2015 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Readily Available to State Street(1)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Not Developed by State Street and Not Readily Available(2)
 Total Assets and Liabilities with Significant Unobservable Inputs
March 31, 2016 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Readily Available to State Street(1)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Not Developed by State Street and Not Readily Available(2)
 Total Assets and Liabilities with Significant Unobservable Inputs
(In millions)            
Assets:            
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies, mortgage-backed securities $
 $300
 $300
Asset-backed securities, student loans $
 $230
 $230
 
 186
 186
Asset-backed securities, other 38
 1,905
 1,943
 24
 1,789
 1,813
Non-U.S. debt securities, mortgage-backed securities 
 
 
Non-U.S. debt securities, asset-backed securities 
 277
 277
 
 127
 127
Non-U.S. debt securities, other 
 263
 263
 
 295
 295
State and political subdivisions 35
 
 35
 32
 
 32
Collateralized mortgage obligations 
 148
 148
 
 82
 82
Other U.S. debt securities 
 9
 9
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts 21
 
 21
Total $94
 $2,832
 $2,926
 $56
 $2,779
 $2,835
Liabilities:      
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts $22
 $
 $22
Total $22
 $
 $22
     
(1) Information with respect to these model-priced financial assets and liabilities is provided above in a separate table.
(2) Fair value for these financial assets is measured using non-binding broker or dealer quotes.
December 31, 2014 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Readily Available to State Street(1)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Not Developed by State Street and Not Readily Available(2)
 Total Assets and Liabilities with Significant Unobservable Inputs
December 31, 2015 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Readily Available to State Street(1)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Not Developed by State Street and Not Readily Available(2)
 Total Assets and Liabilities with Significant Unobservable Inputs
(In millions)            
Assets:            
Asset-backed securities, student loans $
 $259
 $259
 $
 $189
 $189
Asset-backed securities, other 59
 3,721
 3,780
 28
 1,736
 1,764
Non-U.S. debt securities, asset-backed securities 
 295
 295
 
 174
 174
Non-U.S. debt securities, other 
 371
 371
 
 255
 255
State and political subdivisions 38
 
 38
 33
 
 33
Collateralized mortgage obligations 
 614
 614
 
 39
 39
Other U.S. debt securities 
 9
 9
 
 10
 10
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts 81
 
 81
 5
 
 5
Total $178
 $5,269
 $5,447
 $66
 $2,403
 $2,469
Liabilities:            
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts $74
 $
 $74
 $5
 $
 $5
Derivative instruments, other 9
 
 9
Total $83
 $
 $83
 $5
 $
 $5
     
(1) Information with respect to these model-priced financial assets and liabilities is provided above in a separate table.
(2) Fair value for these financial assets is measured using non-binding broker or dealer quotes.

We use internally-developed pricing models that incorporate discounted cash flow and option model techniques to measure the fair value of certain level-3 financial assets and liabilities. Use of these techniques requires the determination of relevant inputs and assumptions, some of which represent significant unobservable inputs as indicated in the preceding tables. Accordingly, changes in these unobservable inputs may have a significant impact on fair value.
Fair Value Estimates:
Estimates of fair value for financial instruments not carried at fair value on a recurring basis in our consolidated statement of condition are generally subjective in nature, and are determined as of a
specific point in time based on the characteristics of the financial instruments and relevant market information.




6961


Table of Contents
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


The following tables present the reported amounts and estimated fair values of the financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value on a recurring basis, as they would be categorized within the fair-value hierarchy, as of the dates indicated.
     Fair-Value Hierarchy     Fair-Value Hierarchy
September 30, 2015 Reported Amount  Estimated Fair Value Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) Pricing Methods with Significant Observable Market Inputs (Level 2)  Pricing Methods with Significant Unobservable Market Inputs (Level 3)
March 31, 2016 Reported Amount  Estimated Fair Value Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) Pricing Methods with Significant Observable Market Inputs (Level 2)  Pricing Methods with Significant Unobservable Market Inputs (Level 3)
(In millions)                    
Financial Assets:                    
Cash and due from banks $3,660
 $3,660
 $3,660
 $
 $
 $3,735
 $3,735
 $3,735
 $
 $
Interest-bearing deposits with banks 68,361
 68,361
 
 68,361
 
 65,032
 65,032
 
 65,032
 
Securities purchased under resale agreements 9,155
 9,155
 
 9,155
 
 3,722
 3,722
 
 3,722
 
Investment securities held to maturity 17,463
 17,536
 
 17,536
 
 31,212
 31,555
 
 31,555
 
Net loans (excluding leases) 18,108
 18,081
 
 17,925
 156
 18,242
 18,211
 
 18,100
 111
Financial Liabilities:                    
Deposits:                    
Noninterest-bearing $58,426
 $58,426
 $
 $58,426
 $
 $54,248
 $54,248
 $
 $54,248
 $
Interest-bearing - U.S. 30,407
 30,407
 
 30,407
 
 31,159
 31,159
 
 31,159
 
Interest-bearing - non-U.S. 97,534
 97,534
 
 97,534
 
 100,109
 100,109
 
 100,109
 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements 7,760
 7,760
 
 7,760
 
 4,224
 4,224
 
 4,224
 
Federal funds purchased 25
 25
 
 25
 
 23
 23
 
 23
 
Other short-term borrowings 3,761
 3,761
 
 3,761
 
 1,683
 1,683
 
 1,683
 
Long-term debt 12,025
 11,998
 
 11,448
 550
 10,323
 10,285
 
 9,905
 380
      Fair-Value Hierarchy
December 31, 2015 Reported Amount  Estimated Fair Value Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) Pricing Methods with Significant Observable Market Inputs (Level 2)  Pricing Methods with Significant Unobservable Market Inputs (Level 3)
(In millions)          
Financial Assets:          
Cash and due from banks $1,207
 $1,207
 $1,207
 $
 $
Interest-bearing deposits with banks 75,338
 75,338
 
 75,338
 
Securities purchased under resale agreements 3,404
 3,404
 
 3,404
 
Investment securities held to maturity 29,952
 29,798
 
 29,798
 
Net loans (excluding leases)(1)
 17,838
 17,792
 
 17,667
 125
Financial Liabilities:          
Deposits:          
     Noninterest-bearing $65,800
 $65,800
 $
 $65,800
 $
     Interest-bearing - U.S. 29,958
 29,958
 
 29,958
 
     Interest-bearing - non-U.S. 95,869
 95,869
 
 95,869
 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements 4,499
 4,499
 
 4,499
 
Federal funds purchased 6
 6
 
 6
 
Other short-term borrowings 1,748
 1,748
 
 1,748
 
Long-term debt 11,497
 11,604
 
 11,215
 389
      Fair-Value Hierarchy
December 31, 2014 Reported Amount  Estimated Fair Value Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) Pricing Methods with Significant Observable Market Inputs (Level 2)  Pricing Methods with Significant Unobservable Market Inputs (Level 3)
(In millions)          
Financial Assets:          
Cash and due from banks $1,855
 $1,855
 $1,855
 $
 $
Interest-bearing deposits with banks 93,523
 93,523
 
 93,523
 
Securities purchased under resale agreements 2,390
 2,390
 
 2,390
 
Investment securities held to maturity 17,723
 17,842
 
 17,842
 
Net loans (excluding leases) 17,158
 17,131
 
 16,964
 167
Financial Liabilities:          
Deposits:          
     Noninterest-bearing $70,490
 $70,490
 $
 $70,490
 $
     Interest-bearing - U.S. 33,012
 33,012
 
 33,012
 
     Interest-bearing - non-U.S. 105,538
 105,538
 
 105,538
 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements 8,925
 8,925
 
 8,925
 
Federal funds purchased 21
 21
 
 21
 
Other short-term borrowings 4,381
 4,381
 
 4,381
 
Long-term debt 10,042
 10,229
 
 9,382
 847
(1) Includes $14 million of loans classified as held-for-sale that were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2015 .

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(UNAUDITED)


Note 3.    Investment Securities
Investment securities held by us are classified as either trading, available-for-saleAFS, or held-to-maturityHTM at the time of purchase and reassessed periodically, based on management’s intent.
Generally, trading assets are debt and equity securities purchased in connection with our trading activities and, as such, are expected to be sold in the near term. Our trading activities typically involve active and frequent buying and selling with the objective of generating profits on short-term movements. Securities available-for-saleAFS investment securities are those securities that we intend to hold for an indefinite period of time. Available-for-saleAFS investment securities include securities utilized as part of our asset-and-liability management activities that may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, prepayment risk, liquidity
needs or other factors. Securities held to maturityHTM securities are debt securities that management has the intent and the ability to hold to maturity.
Trading assets are carried at fair value. Both realized and unrealized gains and losses on trading assets are recorded in trading services revenue in our consolidated statement of income. Debt and marketable equity securities classified as available for saleAFS are carried at fair value, and after-tax net unrealized gains and losses are recorded in AOCI. Gains or losses realized on sales of available-for-saleAFS investment securities are computed using the specific identification method and are recorded in gains (losses) related to investment securities, net, in our consolidated statement of income. Securities held to maturityHTM investment securities are carried at cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts.


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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value, and associated unrealized gains and losses, of investment securities as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
 
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
 
Fair
Value
(In millions)Gains Losses Gains Losses Gains Losses Gains Losses 
Available for sale:                              
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:                              
Direct obligations$13,156
 $199
 $1
 $13,354
 $10,573
 $83
 $1
 $10,655
$6,321
 $23
 $2
 $6,342
 $5,717
 $6
 $5
 $5,718
Mortgage-backed securities18,636
 254
 61
 18,829
 20,648
 193
 127
 20,714
18,028
 243
 37
 18,234
 18,168
 131
 134
 18,165
Asset-backed securities:                              
Student loans(1)
7,816
 20
 192
 7,644
 12,478
 106
 124
 12,460
7,052
 9
 244
 6,817
 7,358
 16
 198
 7,176
Credit cards1,527
 4
 27
 1,504
 3,077
 10
 34
 3,053
1,390
 9
 31
 1,368
 1,378
 
 37
 1,341
Sub-prime485
 2
 29
 458
 1,005
 2
 56
 951
421
 1
 34
 388
 448
 2
 31
 419
Other(2)
1,901
 55
 1
 1,955
 4,055
 100
 10
 4,145
1,784
 35
 6
 1,813
 1,724
 43
 3
 1,764
Total asset-backed securities11,729
 81
 249
 11,561
 20,615
 218
 224
 20,609
10,647
 54
 315
 10,386
 10,908
 61
 269
 10,700
Non-U.S. debt securities:                              
Mortgage-backed securities7,835
 93
 12
 7,916
 9,442
 168
 4
 9,606
7,581
 57
 26
 7,612
 7,010
 72
 11
 7,071
Asset-backed securities3,200
 3
 5
 3,198
 3,215
 11
 
 3,226
2,709
 2
 7
 2,704
 3,272
 2
 7
 3,267
Government securities3,704
 7
 
 3,711
 3,899
 10
 
 3,909
5,057
 13
 
 5,070
 4,348
 7
 
 4,355
Other(3)
4,978
 34
 10
 5,002
 5,383
 52
 7
 5,428
4,985
 34
 10
 5,009
 4,817
 29
 12
 4,834
Total non-U.S. debt securities19,717
 137
 27
 19,827
 21,939
 241
 11
 22,169
20,332
 106
 43
 20,395
 19,447
 110
 30
 19,527
State and political subdivisions9,703
 317
 46
 9,974
 10,532
 325
 37
 10,820
9,614
 443
 31
 10,026
 9,402
 371
 27
 9,746
Collateralized mortgage obligations3,267
 43
 11
 3,299
 5,280
 71
 12
 5,339
2,900
 47
 9
 2,938
 2,993
 16
 22
 2,987
Other U.S. debt securities2,866
 53
 12
 2,907
 4,033
 88
 12
 4,109
2,211
 36
 16
 2,231
 2,611
 31
 18
 2,624
U.S. equity securities32
 7
 2
 37
 29
 10
 
 39
34
 9
 3
 40
 33
 9
 3
 39
Non-U.S. equity securities3
 
 
 3
 2
 
 
 2
3
 
 
 3
 3
 
 
 3
U.S. money-market mutual funds298
 
 
 298
 449
 
 
 449
473
 
 
 473
 542
 
 
 542
Non-U.S. money-market mutual funds8
 
 
 8
 8
 
 
 8
18
 
 
 18
 19
 
 
 19
Total$79,415
 $1,091
 $409
 $80,097
 $94,108
 $1,229
 $424
 $94,913
$70,581
 $961
 $456
 $71,086
 $69,843
 $735
 $508
 $70,070
Held to maturity:                              
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:                              
Direct obligations$7,931
 $32
 $71
 $7,892
 $5,114
 $
 $147
 $4,967
$22,603
 $298
 $6
 $22,895
 $20,878
 $2
 $217
 $20,663
Mortgage-backed securities46
 3
 
 49
 62
 4
 
 66
588
 3
 
 591
 610
 2
 8
 604
Asset-backed securities:                              
Student loans(1)
1,642
 
 36
 1,606
 1,814
 2
 4
 1,812
1,544
 
 56
 1,488
 1,592
 
 47
 1,545
Credit cards897
 1
 
 898
 897
 2
 
 899
897
 1
 
 898
 897
 
 1
 896
Other404
 2
 1
 405
 577
 3
 1
 579
277
 
 1
 276
 366
 2
 1
 367
Total asset-backed securities2,943
 3
 37
 2,909
 3,288
 7
 5
 3,290
2,718
 1
 57
 2,662
 2,855
 2
 49
 2,808
Non-U.S. debt securities:                              
Mortgage-backed securities2,705
 122
 31
 2,796
 3,787
 177
 22
 3,942
2,147
 104
 31
 2,220
 2,202
 109
 26
 2,285
Asset-backed securities1,747
 5
 3
 1,749
 2,868
 14
 1
 2,881
1,109
 
 4
 1,105
 1,415
 4
 3
 1,416
Government securities236
 
 
 236
 154
 
 
 154
273
 2
 
 275
 239
 
 1
 238
Other67
 
 
 67
 72
 
 
 72
217
 3
 
 220
 65
 
 
 65
Total non-U.S. debt securities4,755
 127
 34
 4,848
 6,881
 191
 23
 7,049
3,746
 109
 35
 3,820
 3,921
 113
 30
 4,004
State and political subdivisions2
 
 
 2
 9
 
 
 9

 
 
 
 1
 
 
 1
Collateralized mortgage obligations1,786
 70
 20
 1,836
 2,369
 107
 15
 2,461
1,557
 52
 22
 1,587
 1,687
 60
 29
 1,718
Total$17,463
 $235
 $162
 $17,536
 $17,723
 $309
 $190
 $17,842
$31,212
 $463
 $120
 $31,555
 $29,952
 $179
 $333
 $29,798
    
(1) SubstantiallyPrimarily composed of securities guaranteed by the federal government with respect to at least 97% of defaulted principal and accrued interest on the underlying loans.
(2) As of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, the fair value of other asset-backed securitiesABS was primarily composed of $1.9$1.81 billion and $3.8$1.76 billion, respectively, of collateralized loan obligations and approximately $12 million and approximately $315 million, respectively, of automobile loan securities.obligations.
(3) As of both September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, the fair value of other non-U.S. debt securities was primarily composed of $3.3$3.38 billion and $3.18 billion, respectively, of covered bonds and $763$741 million and $1.2 billion,$613 million, as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, respectively, of corporate bonds.


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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


Aggregate investment securities with carrying values of $22.91$32.61 billion and $44.02$34.18 billion as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, respectively, were designated as pledged for public
and trust deposits, short-term borrowings and for other purposes as provided by law.

The following tables present the aggregate fair values of investment securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months, and those that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer, as of the dates indicated:

Less than 12 months 12 months or longer TotalLess than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
September 30, 2015
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
March 31, 2016
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(In millions)
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Available for sale:            
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:                      
Direct obligations$
 $
 $125
 $1
 $125
 $1
$106
 $1
 $116
 $1
 $222
 $2
Mortgage-backed securities1,411
 9
 3,331
 52
 4,742
 61
1,127
 3
 3,630
 34
 4,757
 37
Asset-backed securities:                      
Student loans3,372
 64
 2,762
 128
 6,134
 192
2,886
 70
 3,154
 174
 6,040
 244
Credit cards
 
 498
 27
 498
 27
50
 
 500
 31
 550
 31
Sub-prime
 
 419
 29
 419
 29
1
 
 365
 34
 366
 34
Other
 
 91
 1
 91
 1
1,165
 5
 45
 1
 1,210
 6
Total asset-backed securities3,372
 64
 3,770
 185
 7,142
 249
4,102
 75
 4,064
 240
 8,166
 315
Non-U.S. debt securities:                      
Mortgage-backed securities2,030
 9
 197
 3
 2,227
 12
2,265
 13
 809
 13
 3,074
 26
Asset-backed securities2,016
 5
 
 
 2,016
 5
1,656
 6
 250
 1
 1,906
 7
Government securities657
 
 
 
 657
 
Other1,208
 7
 514
 3
 1,722
 10
1,499
 5
 401
 5
 1,900
 10
Total non-U.S. debt securities5,254
 21
 711
 6
 5,965
 27
6,077
 24
 1,460
 19
 7,537
 43
State and political subdivisions818
 7
 824
 39
 1,642
 46
186
 1
 640
 30
 826
 31
Collateralized mortgage obligations667
 5
 188
 6
 855
 11
343
 2
 282
 7
 625
 9
Other U.S. debt securities255
 3
 155
 9
 410
 12
103
 5
 159
 11
 262
 16
U.S. equity securities5
 2
 
 
 5
 2
1
 
 5
 3
 6
 3
Non-U.S. equity securities1
 
 
 
 1
 
Total$11,782
 $111
 $9,104
 $298
 $20,886
 $409
$12,046
 $111
 $10,356
 $345
 $22,402
 $456
Held to maturity:                      
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:                      
Direct obligations$1,990
 $14
 $3,048
 $57
 $5,038
 $71
$781
 $3
 $613
 $3
 $1,394
 $6
Mortgage-backed securities267
 
 
 
 267
 
Asset-backed securities:                      
Student loans1,204
 27
 385
 9
 1,589
 36
967
 33
 521
 23
 1,488
 56
Credit cards307
 
 
 
 307
 
Other
 
 34
 1
 34
 1
161
 1
 30
 
 191
 1
Total asset-backed securities1,204
 27
 419
 10
 1,623
 37
1,435
 34
 551
 23
 1,986
 57
Non-U.S. mortgage-backed securities:                      
Mortgage-backed securities613
 3
 480
 28
 1,093
 31
249
 7
 626
 24
 875
 31
Asset-backed securities1,142
 3
 
 
 1,142
 3
814
 3
 60
 1
 874
 4
Government securities158
 
 
 
 158
 
Total non-U.S. debt securities1,755
 6
 480
 28
 2,235
 34
1,221
 10
 686
 25
 1,907
 35
Collateralized mortgage obligations452
 5
 547
 15
 999
 20
776
 11
 360
 11
 1,136
 22
Total$5,401
 $52
 $4,494
 $110
 $9,895
 $162
$4,480
 $58
 $2,210
 $62
 $6,690
 $120


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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


Less than 12 months 12 months or longer TotalLess than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
December 31, 2014
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
December 31, 2015
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(In millions)
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Available for sale:            
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:                      
Direct obligations$
 $
 $167
 $1
 $167
 $1
$3,123
 $4
 $121
 $1
 $3,244
 $5
Mortgage-backed securities2,569
 9
 6,466
 118
 9,035
 127
5,729
 48
 3,166
 86
 8,895
 134
Asset-backed securities:                      
Student loans1,473
 15
 5,025
 109
 6,498
 124
2,841
 54
 3,217
 144
 6,058
 198
Credit cards344
 1
 1,270
 33
 1,614
 34
838
 7
 490
 30
 1,328
 37
Sub-prime
 
 896
 56
 896
 56
7
 
 387
 31
 394
 31
Other547
 1
 791
 9
 1,338
 10
720
 3
 43
 
 763
 3
Total asset-backed securities2,364
 17
 7,982
 207
 10,346
 224
4,406
 64
 4,137
 205
 8,543
 269
Non-U.S. debt securities:                      
Mortgage-backed securities1,350
 2
 170
 2
 1,520
 4
1,457
 7
 437
 4
 1,894
 11
Asset-backed securities2,190
 7
 22
 
 2,212
 7
Government securities1,691
 
 
 
 1,691
 
Other581
 4
 328
 3
 909
 7
1,548
 5
 527
 7
 2,075
 12
Total non-U.S. debt securities1,931
 6
 498
 5
 2,429
 11
6,886
 19
 986
 11
 7,872
 30
State and political subdivisions610
 3
 1,315
 34
 1,925
 37
206
 1
 658
 26
 864
 27
Collateralized mortgage obligations731
 2
 311
 10
 1,042
 12
1,511
 14
 217
 8
 1,728
 22
Other U.S. debt securities327
 2
 244
 10
 571
 12
475
 9
 178
 9
 653
 18
Non-U.S. equity securities
 
 5
 3
 5
 3
Total$8,532
 $39
 $16,983
 $385
 $25,515
 $424
$22,336
 $159
 $9,468
 $349
 $31,804
 $508
Held to maturity:                      
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:                      
Direct obligations$76
 $1
 $4,891
 $146
 $4,967
 $147
$16,370
 $120
 $3,005
 $97
 $19,375
 $217
Mortgage-backed securities560
 8
 
 
 560
 8
Asset-backed securities:                      
Student Loans780
 3
 192
 1
 972
 4
Student loans896
 25
 615
 22
 1,511
 47
Credit cards636
 1
 
 
 636
 1
Other124
 1
 
 
 124
 1
102
 
 31
 1
 133
 1
Total asset-backed securities904
 4
 192
 1
 1,096
 5
1,634
 26
 646
 23
 2,280
 49
Non-U.S. debt securities:                      
Mortgage-backed securities507
 3
 590
 19
 1,097
 22
338
 2
 524
 24
 862
 26
Asset-backed securities699
 1
 
 
 699
 1
1,015
 3
 69
 
 1,084
 3
Government securities128
 1
 
 
 128
 1
Other
 
 43
 
 43
 
Total non-U.S. debt securities1,206
 4
 590
 19
 1,796
 23
1,481
 6
 636
 24
 2,117
 30
Collateralized mortgage obligations422
 4
 547
 11
 969
 15
634
 9
 537
 20
 1,171
 29
Total$2,608
 $13
 $6,220
 $177
 $8,828
 $190
$20,679
 $169
 $4,824
 $164
 $25,503
 $333

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


The following table presents contractual maturities of debt investment securities by carrying amount as of September 30, 2015:March 31, 2016:
Under 1
Year
 
1 to 5
Years
 
6 to 10
Years
 
Over 10
Years
 Total
(In millions)
Under 1
Year
 
1 to 5
Years
 
6 to 10
Years
 
Over 10
Years
 
Available for sale:                
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:                
Direct obligations$1,403
 $9,228
 $2,245
 $478
$2,002
 $3,654
 $246
 $440
 $6,342
Mortgage-backed securities135
 2,268
 3,784
 12,642
117
 2,240
 4,323
 11,554
 18,234
Asset-backed securities:                
Student loans335
 3,858
 2,271
 1,180
465
 3,851
 1,455
 1,046
 6,817
Credit cards144
 262
 1,098
 
6
 259
 1,103
 
 1,368
Sub-prime6
 5
 4
 443
1
 4
 2
 381
 388
Other29
 292
 758
 876
6
 219
 1,439
 149
 1,813
Total asset-backed securities514
 4,417
 4,131
 2,499
478
 4,333
 3,999
 1,576
 10,386
Non-U.S. debt securities:                
Mortgage-backed securities1,554
 3,134
 657
 2,571
1,202

3,707

896

1,807
 7,612
Asset-backed securities391
 2,475
 136
 196
177

2,140

234

153
 2,704
Government securities2,647
 1,064
 
 
3,233

1,691

146


 5,070
Other1,407
 2,927
 668
 
1,653

2,692

664


 5,009
Total non-U.S. debt securities5,999
 9,600
 1,461
 2,767
6,265
 10,230
 1,940
 1,960
 20,395
State and political subdivisions616
 2,372
 5,075
 1,911
447

2,389

5,267

1,923
 10,026
Collateralized mortgage obligations333
 215
 490
 2,261
282

47

528

2,081
 2,938
Other U.S. debt securities983
 1,716
 174
 34
837

1,224

139

31
 2,231
Total$9,983
 $29,816
 $17,360
 $22,592
$10,428
 $24,117
 $16,442
 $19,565
 $70,552
Held to maturity:                
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:                
Direct obligations$
 $1,625
 $6,197
 $109
$

$11,887

$10,633

$83
 $22,603
Mortgage-backed securities2
 6
 7
 31


11



577
 588
Asset-backed securities:       









  
Student loans
 193
 313
 1,136
50

142

244

1,108
 1,544
Credit cards
 630
 267
 
39

641

217


 897
Other60
 232
 109
 3
72

134

68

3
 277
Total asset-backed securities60
 1,055
 689
 1,139
161
 917
 529
 1,111
 2,718
Non-U.S. debt securities:                
Mortgage-backed securities362
 815
 100
 1,428
376

520

91

1,160
 2,147
Asset-backed securities276
 1,320
 151
 
116

993




 1,109
Government securities123
 
 113
 
158

115




 273
Other23
 44
 
 
98

119




 217
Total non-U.S. debt securities784
 2,179
 364
 1,428
748
 1,747
 91
 1,160
 3,746
State and political subdivisions2
 
 
 
Collateralized mortgage obligations350
 143
 494
 799
196

70

302

989
 1,557
Total$1,198
 $5,008
 $7,751
 $3,506
$1,105
 $14,632
 $11,555
 $3,920
 $31,212
The maturities of asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities, and collateralized mortgage obligations are based on expected principal payments.



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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


The following tables present gross realized gains and losses from sales of available-for-sale securities, and the components of net impairment losses included in net gains and losses related to investment securities, for the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)2015 2014
Gross realized gains from sales of available-for-sale securities$15
 $48
Gross realized losses from sales of available-for-sale securities(17) (48)
Net impairment losses:   
Losses reclassified (from) to other comprehensive income
 
Net impairment losses(1)

 
Losses related to investment securities, net$(2) $
(1) Net impairment losses, recognized in our consolidated statement of income, were composed of the following:
   
Impairment associated with expected credit losses$
 $
Impairment associated with adverse changes in timing of expected future cash flows
 
Net impairment losses$
 $
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)2015 2014
Gross realized gains from sales of available-for-sale securities$57
 $64
Gross realized losses from sales of available-for-sale securities(62) (49)
Net impairment losses:   
Gross losses from other-than-temporary impairment(1) (1)
Losses reclassified (from) to other comprehensive income
 (10)
Net impairment losses(1)
(1) (11)
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net$(6) $4
(1) Net impairment losses, recognized in our consolidated statement of income, were composed of the following:
   
Impairment associated with expected credit losses$
 $(10)
Impairment associated with adverse changes in timing of expected future cash flows(1) (1)
Net impairment losses$(1) $(11)
The following table presents a roll-forward with respect to net impairment losses that have been recognized in income for the periods indicated. The beginning balance represents the amount related to credit losses on debt securities held by us at the beginning of the period for which a portion of an
 Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)2016 2015
Balance, beginning of period$92
 $115
Additions:   
Losses for which OTTI was previously recognized
 1
Deductions:   
Previously recognized losses related to securities sold or matured(1) (9)
Balance, end of period$91
 $107
other-than-temporary impairment was recognized in other comprehensive income. Additions represent increases to the amount related to the credit loss for which an other-than-temporary impairment was previously recognized. Deductions represent previously recognized losses related to securities sold or matured and losses related to securities intended or required to be sold.
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)2015 2014
Balance, beginning of period (December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively)$115
 $122
Additions:   
Losses for which other-than-temporary impairment was previously recognized1
 11
Reductions:   
Previously recognized losses related to securities sold or matured(22) (11)
Losses related to securities intended or required to be sold
 (6)
Balance, end of period$94
 $116
Interest revenue related to debt securities is recognized in our consolidated statement of income using the effective interest method, or on a basis approximating a level rate of return over the contractual or estimated life of the security. The level rate of return considers any nonrefundable fees or costs, as well as purchase premiums or discounts, resulting in amortization or accretion, accordingly.
For debt securities acquired for which we consider it probable as of the date of acquisition that we will be unable to collect all contractually required principal, interest and other payments, the excess of our estimate of undiscounted future cash flows from these securities over their initial recorded investment is accreted into interest revenue on a level-yield basis over the securities’ estimated remaining terms. Subsequent decreases in these securities’ expected future cash flows are either recognized prospectively through an adjustment of the yields on the securities over their remaining terms, or are evaluated for other-than-temporary impairment. Increases in expected future cash flows are recognized prospectively over the securities’ estimated remaining terms through the recalculation of their yields.
For certain debt securities acquired which are considered to be beneficial interests in securitized financial assets, the excess of our estimate of undiscounted future cash flows from these securities over their initial recorded investment is accreted into interest revenue on a level-yield basis over the securities’ estimated remaining terms. Subsequent


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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


decreases in these securities’ expected future cash flows are either recognized prospectively through an adjustment of the yields on the securities over their remaining terms, or are evaluated for other-than-temporary impairment. Increases in expected future cash flows are recognized prospectively over the securities’ estimated remaining terms through the recalculation of their yields.
Impairment:
We conduct periodic reviews of individual securities to assess whether other-than-temporary impairmentOTTI exists. For more information about the review of securities for impairment, refer to Note 3 in the consolidated financial statements on pages 147149 to 150 within note 3 of the 2014152 in our 2015 Form 10-K.
InWe had less than $1 million of OTTI in the three months ended September 30, 2015 andMarch 31, 2016, compared to $1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2014, no other-than-temporary impairment was recorded. In the nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2015, we recorded $1 million of other-than-temporary impairment compared to $11 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014:
Three and nine months ended September 30, 2015:
zero and $1 million (non-U.S. mortgage-backed securities), respectively,which resulted from adverse changes in the timing of expected future cash flows from the securities.
Three and nine months ended September 30, 2014:
zero and $1 million in non-U.S. residential mortgage-backed securities resulted from adverse changes in the timing of expected future cash flows from the securities.
zero and $10 million (U.S. non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities), respectively, were both associated with expected credit losses.
After a review of the investment portfolio, taking into consideration current economic conditions, adverse situations that might affect our ability to fully collect principal and interest, the timing of future payments, the credit quality and performance of the collateral underlying mortgage- and asset-backed securities and other relevant factors, and excluding other-than-temporary impairmentthe OTTI recorded in the ninethree months ended September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, management considers the aggregate decline in fair value of the investment securities portfolio and the resulting gross pre-tax unrealized losses of $571$576 million related to 1,031 securities as of September 30, 2015, related to 1,150 securities,March 31, 2016 to be temporary, and not the result of any material changes in the credit characteristics of the securities.
Note 4.    Loans and Leases
We segregate our loans and leases into two segments: institutional and commercial real estate, or CRE. Within the institutional and CRE segments, we further segregate the receivables into classes based on their risk characteristics, their initial measurement attributes and the methods we use to monitor and assess credit risk. For additional information on our loans and leases, including our internal risk-rating system used to assess our risk of credit loss for each loan or lease, refer to noteNote 4 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 150152 to 154 of the 2014156 in our 2015 Form 10-K.


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STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents our recorded investment in loans and leases, by segment and class, as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
Institutional:   
Investment funds:   
U.S.$11,681
 $11,136
Non-U.S.2,247
 1,678
Commercial and financial:   
U.S.3,707
 4,671
Non-U.S.541
 278
Purchased receivables:   
U.S.86
 93
Non-U.S.
 
Lease financing:   
U.S.335
 337
Non-U.S.563
 578
Total institutional19,160
 18,771
Commercial real estate:   
U.S.27
 28
Total loans and leases19,187
 18,799
Allowance for loan losses(47) (46)
Loans and leases, net of allowance for loan losses$19,140
 $18,753
(In millions)September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014
Institutional:   
Investment funds:   
U.S.$11,875
 $11,388
Non-U.S.2,144
 2,333
Commercial and financial:   
U.S.3,328
 3,061
Non-U.S.653
 256
Purchased receivables:   
U.S.99
 124
Non-U.S.
 6
Lease financing:   
U.S.337
 335
Non-U.S.580
 668
Total institutional19,016
 18,171
Commercial real estate:   
U.S.51
 28
Total loans and leases19,067
 18,199
Allowance for loan losses(48) (38)
Loans and leases, net of allowance for loan losses$19,019
 $18,161
Short-duration advances to our clients included in the institutional segment were $4.56$4.08 billion and $3.54$2.62 billion as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, respectively. These short-duration advances provide liquidity to fund clients in support of their transaction flows associated with securities settlement activities.
The commercial-and-financial class in the institutional segment presented in the preceding table included approximately $2.93$3.27 billion and $2.07$3.14 billion of senior secured bank loans as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, respectively. These senior secured bank loans are included in the “speculative” category, "special mention" and "substandard" categories in the credit-quality-indicator


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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


tables presented below. As of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, our allowance for loan losses included approximately $37$36 million and $26$35 million, respectively, related to these loans.


The following tables present our recorded investment in each class of loans and leases by credit quality indicator as of the dates indicated:
Institutional Commercial Real Estate  Institutional    
September 30, 2015
Investment
Funds
 Commercial and Financial 
Purchased
Receivables
 
Lease
Financing
 Property Development Other 
Total
Loans and
Leases
March 31, 2016
Investment
Funds
 Commercial and Financial 
Purchased
Receivables
 
Lease
Financing
 Commercial Real Estate 
Total
Loans and
Leases
(In millions)
Investment
Funds
 Commercial and Financial 
Purchased
Receivables
 
Lease
Financing
 Property Development Other 
Total
Loans and
Leases
Investment grade(1)
 $13,563
 $904
 $86
 $870
 $27
 $15,450
Speculative(2)
336
 2,955
 
 27
 23
 
 3,341
365
 3,329
 
 28
 
 3,722
Special mention(3)

 25
 
 
 
 
 25

 
 
 
 
 
Substandard(4)

 15
 
 
 
 15
Total$14,019
 $3,981
 $99
 $917
 $23
 $28
 $19,067
$13,928
 $4,248
 $86
 $898
 $27
 $19,187
Institutional Commercial Real Estate  Institutional    
December 31, 2014
Investment
Funds
 Commercial and Financial 
Purchased
Receivables
 
Lease
Financing
 Property Development Other 
Total
Loans and
Leases
December 31, 2015
Investment
Funds
 Commercial and Financial 
Purchased
Receivables
 
Lease
Financing
 Commercial Real Estate 
Total
Loans and
Leases
(In millions)
Investment
Funds
 Commercial and Financial 
Purchased
Receivables
 
Lease
Financing
 Property Development Other 
Total
Loans and
Leases
Investment grade(1)
 $12,415
 $1,780
 $93
 $888
 $28
 $15,204
Speculative(2)
417
 2,306
 
 27
 
 28
 2,778
399
 3,138
 
 27
 
 3,564
Special mention(3)

 31
 
 
 
 31
Substandard(4)

 
 
 
 
 
Total$13,721
 $3,317
 $130
 $1,003
 $
 $28
 $18,199
$12,814
 $4,949
 $93
 $915
 $28
 $18,799
    
(1) Investment-grade loans and leases consist of counterparties with strong credit quality and low expected credit risk and probability of default. Ratings apply to counterparties with a strong capacity to support the timely repayment of any financial commitment.
(2) Speculative loans and leases consist of counterparties that face ongoing uncertainties or exposure to business, financial, or economic downturns. However, these counterparties may have financial flexibility or access to financial alternatives, which allow for financial commitments to be met.
(3) Special mention loans and leases consist of counterparties with potential weaknesses that, if uncorrected, may result in deterioration of repayment prospects.
(4) Substandard loans and leases consist of counterparties with well-defined weakness that jeopardizes repayment with the possibility we will sustain some loss.



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STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents our recorded investment in loans and leases, disaggregated based on our impairment methodology, as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
(In millions)Institutional Commercial Real Estate Total Loans and Leases Institutional Commercial Real Estate Total Loans and LeasesInstitutional Commercial Real Estate Total Loans and Leases Institutional Commercial Real Estate Total Loans and Leases
Loans and leases:           
Collectively evaluated for impairment(1)
$19,016
 $51
 $19,067
 $18,171
 $28
 $18,199
Loans and leases(1):
           
Individually evaluated for impairment$15
 $
 $15
 $
 $
 $
Collectively evaluated for impairment19,145
 27
 19,172
 18,771
 28
 18,799
Total$19,016
 $51
 $19,067
 $18,171
 $28
 $18,199
$19,160
 $27
 $19,187
 $18,771
 $28
 $18,799
    
(1) For those portfolios where there are a small number of loans each with a large balance, we review each loan annually for indicators of impairment. For those loans where no such indicators are identified, the loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. As of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014, all2015, $1 million and zero, respectively, of the allowance for loan lossesloss related to institutional loans individually evaluated for impairment. As of $48both March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, $46 million and $38 million, respectively,of the allowance for loan loss related to institutional loans collectively evaluated for impairment.    

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


The following table presents information related to our recorded investment in impaired loans and leases as offor the dates or periods indicated:
September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014As of March 31, 2016 Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 As of December 31, 2015
(In millions)Recorded Investment 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance(1)
 Recorded Investment 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance(1)
Recorded Investment 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Related Allowance(1)
 Average Recorded Investment Interest Revenue Recognized Recorded Investment 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Related Allowance(1)
With no related allowance recorded:       With no related allowance recorded:            
CRE—property development—acquired credit-impaired$
 $34
 $
 $34
$
 $34
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $34
 $
CRE—other—acquired credit-impaired
 22
 
 22

 22
 
 
 
 
 22
 
Total CRE$
 $56
 $
 $56

 56
 
 
 
 
 56
 
With an allowance recorded:With an allowance recorded:            
Institutional- commercial and financial lending15
 15
 1
 15
 
 
 
 
Total Institutional15
 15
 1
 15
 
 
 
 
Total CRE and institutional$15
 $71
 $1
 $15
 $
 $
 $56
 $
    
(1) As of September 30, 2015both March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014, all of the2015, there was an additional allowance for loan losses of $48$46 million and $38 million, respectively, related to institutional and CRE loans collectively evaluated for impairment.that were not impaired.
In certain circumstances, we restructure troubled loans by granting concessions to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Once restructured, the loans are generally considered impaired until their maturity, regardless of whether the borrowers perform under the modified terms of the loans. No loans were modified in troubled debt restructurings induring the ninethree months ended September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and the year ended December 31, 2014.2015.
As of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, no institutional loans or leases and no CRE loans were on non-accrual status or 90 days or more contractually past due.


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STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents activity in the allowance for loan losses for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2015 20142016 2015
(In millions)Total Loans and Leases Total Loans and LeasesTotal Loans and Leases Total Loans and Leases
Allowance for loan losses(1):
      
Beginning balance$43
 $32
$46
 $37
Provisions5
 2
Provision for loan losses4
 4
Charge-offs(3) 
Ending balance$48
 $34
$47
 $41
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2015 2014
(In millions)Total Loans and Leases Total Loans and Leases
Allowance for loan losses(1):
   
Beginning balance$37
 $28
Provisions11
 6
Ending balance$48
 $34
    
(1) As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, approximately $37$36 million of our allowance for loan losses was related to senior secured bank loans included in the institutional segment; the remaining $11 million was related to other commercial-and-financial loans in the institutional segment.segment loans.
The provision of $11$4 million recorded inand the nine months ended September 30, 2015 included a provisioncharge-offs of $5$3 million recorded in the three months ended September 30, 2015, asMarch 31, 2016 were a result of our exposure to certain senior
secured bank loans to non-investment grade borrowers, which we purchased in connection with our participation in syndicated loans.
The provision of $4 million recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2015 was associated with the senior secured loans as the portfolio continues to grow and become more seasoned. The senior secured loans are held in connection with our participation in loan syndications in the non-investment-gradenon-investment grade lending market.
Loans and leases are reviewed on a regular basis, and any provisions for loan losses that are recorded reflect management's estimate of the amount necessary to maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level considered appropriate to absorb estimated incurred losses in the loan-and-lease portfolio.


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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


Note 5.    Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the periods indicated:
Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2015 20142016 2015
(In millions)
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Total 
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Total
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Total 
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Total
Goodwill:                      
Beginning balance$5,793
 $33
 $5,826
 $5,999
 $37
 $6,036
$5,641
 $30
 $5,671
 $5,793
 $33
 $5,826
Foreign currency translation(108) (2) (110) (134) (3) (137)61
 1
 62
 (160) (3) (163)
Ending balance$5,685
 $31
 $5,716
 $5,865
 $34
 $5,899
$5,702
 $31
 $5,733
 $5,633
 $30
 $5,663
The following table presents changes in the net carrying amount of other intangible assets during the periods indicated:
Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2015 20142016 2015
(In millions)
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Total 
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Total
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Total 
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Total
Other intangible assets:                      
Beginning balance$1,998
 $27
 $2,025
 $2,321
 $39
 $2,360
$1,753
 $15
 $1,768
 $1,998
 $27
 $2,025
Amortization(141) (6) (147) (155) (7) (162)(47) (2) (49) (48) (2) (50)
Foreign currency translation and other, net(56) (2) (58) (75) (2) (77)29
 1
 30
 (81) (2) (83)
Ending balance$1,801
 $19
 $1,820
 $2,091
 $30
 $2,121
$1,735
 $14
 $1,749
 $1,869
 $23
 $1,892
The following table presents the gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization and net carrying amount of other intangible assets by type as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
(In millions)
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
Other intangible assets:           
Client relationships$2,503
 $(1,175) $1,328
 $2,569
 $(1,088) $1,481
$2,523
 $(1,251) $1,272
 $2,486
 $(1,198) $1,288
Core deposits672
 (239) 433
 688
 (219) 469
676
 (258) 418
 667
 (246) 421
Other157
 (98) 59
 214
 (139) 75
153
 (94) 59
 147
 (88) 59
Total$3,332
 $(1,512) $1,820
 $3,471
 $(1,446) $2,025
$3,352
 $(1,603) $1,749
 $3,300
 $(1,532) $1,768



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(UNAUDITED)


Note 6.    Other Assets
The following table presents the components of other assets as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
Collateral deposits, net$23,041
 $18,134
$23,065
 $21,465
Unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments, net5,387
 7,934
Derivative instruments, net5,813
 4,777
Bank-owned life insurance3,057
 2,402
3,098
 3,078
Investments in joint ventures and other unconsolidated entities2,047
 1,798
2,191
 2,034
Accounts receivable1,225
 513
1,240
 1,018
Prepaid expenses385
 284
Receivable for securities settlement414
 218
345
 311
Prepaid expenses309
 259
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance221
 182
Income taxes receivable199
 396
161
 154
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance187
 214
Deposits with clearing organizations135
 197
133
 127
Other(1)
504
 535
431
 473
Total$36,505
 $32,600
$37,083
 $33,903
Note 7.    Derivative Financial Instruments
We use derivative financial instruments to support our clients' needs and to manage our interest-rate and currency risk. In undertaking these activities, we assume positions in both the foreign exchange and interest-rate markets by buying and selling cash instruments and using derivative financial instruments, including foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign exchange and interest-rate options and interest-rate swaps, interest-rate forward contracts and interest-rate futures. For information on our derivative instruments, including the related accounting policies, refer to Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 162 to 168 in our 2015 Form 10-K.
Derivative financial instruments are also subject to credit and counterparty risk, which we manage by performing credit reviews, maintaining individual counterparty limits, entering into netting arrangements and requiring the receipt of collateral. Cash collateral received from and provided to counterparties in connection with derivative financial instruments is recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities and other assets, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we had recorded approximately $3.89 billion and $1.40 billion, respectively, of cash collateral received from counterparties and approximately $1.11 billion and $1.65 billion, respectively, of cash collateral provided to counterparties in connection with derivative financial instruments in our consolidated statement of condition.
Certain of our derivative assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are subject to master netting agreements with our derivative counterparties. Certain of these agreements contain credit risk-related contingent features in which the counterparty has the right to declare us in default and accelerate cash settlement of our net derivative liabilities with the counterparty in the event that our credit rating falls below specified levels. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit risk-related contingent features that were in a net liability position as of March 31, 2016 totaled approximately $1.49 billion, against which we provided $267 million of underlying collateral. If our credit rating were downgraded below levels specified in the agreements, the maximum additional amount of payments related to termination events that could have been required pursuant to these contingent features, assuming no change in fair value, as of March 31, 2016 was approximately $1.22 billion. Such accelerated settlement would be at fair value and therefore not affect our consolidated results of operations.
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
In connection with our trading activities, we use derivative financial instruments in our role as a financial intermediary and as both a manager and servicer of financial assets, in order to accommodate our clients' investment and risk management needs. In addition, we use derivative financial instruments for risk management purposes as economic hedges, which are not formally designated as accounting hedges, in order to contribute to our overall corporate earnings and liquidity. These activities are designed to generate trading services revenue and to manage volatility in our net interest revenue. The level of market risk that we assume is a function of our overall objectives and liquidity needs, our clients' requirements and market volatility. For additional information on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, refer to Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 163 to 164 in our 2015 Form 10-K.
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
In connection with our asset-and-liability management activities, we use derivative financial instruments to manage our interest-rate risk and foreign currency risk. Interest-rate risk, defined as the sensitivity of income or financial condition to variations in interest rates, is a significant non-trading market risk to which our assets and liabilities are exposed. We manage our interest-rate risk by identifying, quantifying and hedging our exposures, using fixed-rate portfolio securities and a variety of


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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

derivative financial instruments, most frequently interest-rate swaps and options (for example, interest-rate caps and floors). Interest-rate swap agreements alter the interest-rate characteristics of specific balance sheet assets or liabilities. When appropriate, forward-rate agreements, options on swaps, and exchange-traded futures and options are also used. We use foreign exchange forward and swap contracts to hedge foreign exchange exposure to various foreign currencies with respect to certain assets and liabilities. Our hedging relationships are formally designated, and qualify for hedge accounting, as fair value or cash flow hedges. For additional information on derivatives designated as hedging instruments, refer to Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 164 to 168 in our 2015 Form 10-K.
 Fair Value Hedges
We have entered into interest-rate swap agreements to modify our interest revenue from certain available-for-sale investment securities from a fixed rate to a floating rate. The hedged AFS investment securities included hedged trusts that had a weighted-average life of approximately 5.3 years as of March 31, 2016, compared to 5.4 years as of December 31, 2015.
We have entered into interest-rate swap agreements to modify our interest expense on six senior notes and two subordinated notes from fixed rates to floating rates. The senior and subordinated notes are hedged with interest-rate swap contracts with notional amounts, maturities and fixed-rate coupon terms that align with the hedged notes. The table below summarizes the maturities and the paid fixed interest rates for the hedged senior and subordinated notes:
March 31, 2016 Maturity Paid Fixed Interest Rate
Senior Notes    
  2018 1.35%
  2020 2.55%
  2021 4.38%
  2023 3.70%
  2024 3.30%
  2025 3.55%
Subordinated Notes    
  2018 4.96%
  2023 3.10%
We have entered into foreign exchange swap contracts to hedge the change in fair value attributable to foreign exchange movements in our foreign currency denominated investment securities
and deposits. These forward contracts convert the foreign currency risk to U.S. dollars, thereby mitigating our exposure to fluctuations in the fair value of the securities and deposits attributable to changes in foreign exchange rates.
Cash Flow Hedges 
We have entered into foreign exchange contracts to hedge the change in cash flows attributable to foreign exchange movements in foreign currency denominated investment securities. These foreign exchange contracts convert the foreign currency risk to U.S. dollars, thereby mitigating our exposure to fluctuations in the cash flows of the securities attributable to changes in foreign exchange rates.
The following table presents the aggregate contractual, or notional, amounts of derivative financial instruments entered into in connection with our trading and asset-and-liability management activities as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)March 31,
2016
 December 31,
2015
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest-rate contracts:   
Swap agreements and forwards$197
 $336
Futures13,198
 2,621
Foreign exchange contracts:   
Forward, swap and spot1,354,032
 1,274,277
Options purchased1
 403
Options written
 404
Futures3
 
Credit derivative contracts:   
Credit swap agreements37
 141
Commodity and equity contracts:   
Commodity(1)
97
 113
Equity(1)
25
 87
Other:   
Stable value contracts24,771
 24,583
Deferred value awards(2)
550
 320
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest-rate contracts:   
Swap agreements8,916
 9,398
Foreign exchange contracts:   
Forward and swap5,789
 4,515
  
(1) Primarily composed of positions held by a consolidated sponsored investment fund, more fully described in Note 11.
(2) Represents grants of deferred value awards to employees; refer to discussion in this note under "Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments."


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STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

In connection with our asset-and-liability management activities, we have entered into interest-rate contracts designated as fair value and cash flow hedges to manage our interest-rate risk. The following tables present the aggregate notional amounts of these interest-rate contracts and the related assets or liabilities being hedged as of the dates indicated:
 
March 31, 2016(1)
(In millions)
Fair
Value
Hedges
Investment securities available for sale$1,666
Long-term debt(2)
7,250
Total$8,916
 
December 31, 2015(1)
(In millions)Fair
Value
Hedges
Investment securities available for sale$1,698
Long-term debt(2)
7,700
Total$9,398
(1)
Includes other real estate owned of approximatelyzero and $62 million as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
(1) As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there were no interest-rate contracts designated as cash flow hedges.
(2) As of March 31, 2016, these fair value hedges increased the carrying value of long-term debt presented in our consolidated statement of condition by $340 million. As of December 31, 2015, these fair value hedges decreased the carrying value of long-term debt presented in our consolidated statement of condition by $105 million.

The following table presents the contractual and weighted-average interest rates for long-term debt, which include the effects of the fair value hedges presented in the table above, for the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2016 2015
 Contractual
Rates
 Rate 
Including
Impact of Hedges
 Contractual
Rates
 Rate 
Including
Impact of Hedges
Long-term debt3.44% 2.20% 3.53% 2.54%
The following tables present the fair value of derivative financial instruments, excluding the impact of master netting agreements, recorded in our consolidated statement of condition as of the dates indicated. The impact of master netting agreements is disclosed in Note 8.
Derivative Assets(1)
 Fair Value
(In millions)March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts$15,799
 $10,799
Interest-rate contracts1
 2
Other derivative contracts3
 5
Total$15,803
 $10,806
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts$501
 $517
Interest-rate contracts370
 133
Total$871
 $650
(1) Derivative assets are included within other assets in our consolidated statement of condition.
Derivative Liabilities(1)
 Fair Value
(In millions)March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts$15,705
 $10,795
Other derivative contracts144
 103
Interest-rate contracts1
 2
Total$15,850
 $10,900
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest-rate contracts$205
 $180
Foreign exchange contracts81
 73
Total$286
 $253
(1) Derivative liabilities are included within other liabilities in our consolidated statement of condition.



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STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following tables present the impact of our use of derivative financial instruments on our consolidated statement of income for the periods indicated:
 
Location of Gain (Loss) on
Derivative in Consolidated
Statement of Income
Amount of Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized
in Consolidated Statement of Income
   Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)  2016 2015
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:    
Foreign exchange contractsTrading services revenue $154
 $204
Interest-rate contractsProcessing fees and other revenue 2
 1
Interest-rate contractsTrading services revenue (2) 
Credit derivative contractsTrading services revenue (1) 
Other derivative contractsTrading services revenue 1
 2
Total  $154
 $207
 
Location of (Gain) Loss on
Derivative in Consolidated
Statement of Income
 
Amount of (Gain) Loss on Derivative Recognized
in Consolidated Statement of Income
   Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)  2016 2015
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:    
Other derivative contractsCompensation and employee benefits $71
 $59
Total  $71
 $59
 Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative in Consolidated Statement of Income
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 Hedged Item in Fair Value Hedging Relationship Location of Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item in Consolidated Statement of Income
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Hedged
Item Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
  Three Months Ended March 31,    Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions) 2016 2015    2016 2015
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:       
Foreign exchange contractsProcessing fees and
other revenue
$44
 $(67) Investment securities Processing fees and
other revenue
$(44) $67
Foreign exchange contractsProcessing fees and other revenue248
 
 FX deposit Processing fees and other revenue(248) 
Interest-rate contracts
Processing fees and
other revenue
(30) (25) Available-for-sale securities 
Processing fees and
other revenue(1)
31
 25
Interest-rate contractsProcessing fees and
other revenue
248
 68
 Long-term debt Processing fees and
other revenue
(240) (65)
Total $510
 $(24)    $(501) $27
(1) For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, $19 million and $15 million, respectively, of unrealized losses on AFS investment securities designated in fair value hedges was recognized in OCI.
Differences between the gains (losses) on the derivative and the gains (losses) on the hedged item, excluding any amounts recorded in net interest revenue, represent hedge ineffectiveness.
 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI to Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) Reclassified
from OCI to
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 Three Months Ended March 31,  Three Months Ended March 31,  Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)2016 2015   2016 2015   2016 2015
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:            
Interest-rate contracts$
 $
 Net interest revenue $
 $(1) Net interest revenue $
 $
Foreign exchange contracts(113) 20
 Net interest revenue 

 
 Net interest revenue 5
 2
Total$(113) $20
   $
 $(1)   $5
 $2

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Note 7.8. Offsetting Arrangements
 We manage credit and counterparty risk by entering into enforceable netting agreements and other collateral arrangements with counterparties to derivative contracts and secured financing transactions, including resale and repurchase agreements, and principal securities borrowing and lending agreements. These netting agreements mitigate our counterparty credit risk by providing for a single net settlement with a counterparty of all financial transactions covered by the agreement in an event of default as defined under such agreement. In limited cases, a netting agreement may also provide for the periodic netting of settlement payments with
respect to multiple different transaction types in the normal course of business. For additional information on offsetting arrangements, refer to Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 169 to 172 in our 2015 Form 10-K.
As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the fair value of securities received as collateral where we are permitted to transfer or re-pledge the securities totaled $3.44 billion and $3.05 billion, respectively, and the fair value of the portion that had been transferred or re-pledged as of the same date was $970 million and $262 million, respectively.

The following tables present information about the offsetting of assets related to derivative contracts and secured financing transactions, as of the dates indicated:
Assets: March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
(In millions) 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets(1)(2)
 
Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(3)
 Net Amounts of Assets Presented in Statement of Condition 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets(1)
 
Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(3)
 Net Amounts of Assets Presented in Statement of Condition
Derivatives:        
Foreign exchange contracts $16,300
 $(7,684) $8,616
 $11,316
 $(5,896) $5,420
Interest-rate contracts 371
 (9) 362
 135
 (5) 130
Equity derivative contracts 
 
 
 1
 
 1
Other derivative contracts 3
 (2) 1
 4
 (2) 2
Cash collateral netting N/A
 (3,166) (3,166) N/A
 (776) (776)
Total derivatives $16,674
 $(10,861) $5,813
 $11,456
 $(6,679) $4,777
Other financial instruments:        
Resale agreements and securities borrowing(4)
 $63,868
 $(38,404) $25,464
 $62,522
 $(38,997) $23,525
Total derivatives and other financial instruments $80,542
 $(49,265) $31,277
 $73,978
 $(45,676) $28,302
(1) Amounts include all transactions regardless of whether or not they are subject to an enforceable netting arrangement.
(2) Derivative amounts are carried at fair value and securities financing amounts are carried at amortized cost, except for securities collateral which are also carried at fair value. Refer to Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 129 to 132 in our 2015 Form 10-K for additional information on the measurement basis of these instruments.
(3) Amounts subject to netting arrangements which have been determined to be legally enforceable and eligible for netting in the consolidated statement of condition.
(4) Included in the $25,464 million as of March 31, 2016 were $3,722 million of resale agreements and $21,742 million of collateral provided related to securities borrowing. Included in the $23,525 million as of December 31, 2015 were $3,404 million of resale agreements and $20,121 million of collateral provided related to securities borrowing. Resale agreements and collateral provided related to securities borrowing were recorded in securities purchased under resale agreements and other assets, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition. Refer to Note 9 for additional information with respect to principal securities finance transactions.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

  March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
    Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition     Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition  
(In millions) Net Amount of Assets Presented in Statement of Condition Counterparty Netting 
Cash and Securities Received(1)
 
Net Amount(2)
 Net Amount of Assets Presented in Statement of Condition Counterparty Netting 
Collateral Received(1)
 
Net Amount(2)
Derivatives $5,813
 $
 $(403) $5,410
 $4,777
 $
 $(405) $4,372
Resale agreements and securities borrowing 25,464
 (92) (24,882) 490
 23,525
 (63) (22,812) 650
Total $31,277
 $(92) $(25,285) $5,900
 $28,302
 $(63) $(23,217) $5,022
(1) Includes securities in connection with our securities borrowing transactions.
(2) Includes amounts secured by collateral not determined to be subject to enforceable netting arrangements.

The following tables present information about the offsetting of liabilities related to derivative contracts and secured financing transactions, as of the dates indicated:
Liabilities: March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
(In millions) 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities(1)(2)
 
Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(3)
 Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in Statement of Condition 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities(1)
 
Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(3)
 Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in Statement of Condition
Derivatives:        
Foreign exchange contracts $15,786
 $(7,684) $8,102
 $10,868
 $(5,896) $4,972
Interest-rate contracts 206
 (9) 197
 182
 (5) 177
Other derivative contracts 144
 (2) 142
 103
 (2) 101
Cash collateral netting N/A
 (856) (856) N/A
 (1,118) (1,118)
Total derivatives $16,136
 $(8,551) $7,585
 $11,153
 $(7,021) $4,132
Other financial instruments:        
Repurchase agreements and securities lending(4)
 $46,420
 $(38,404) $8,016
 $46,766
 $(38,997) $7,769
Total derivatives and other financial instruments $62,556
 $(46,955) $15,601
 $57,919
 $(46,018) $11,901
(1) Amounts include all transactions regardless of whether or not they are subject to an enforceable netting arrangement.
(2) Derivative amounts are carried at fair value and securities financing amounts are carried at amortized cost, except for securities collateral which are also carried at fair value. Refer to Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 129 to 132 in our 2015 Form 10-K for additional information on the measurement basis of these instruments.
(3) Amounts subject to netting arrangements which have been determined to be legally enforceable and eligible for netting in the consolidated statement of condition.
(4) Included in the $8,016 million as of March 31, 2016 were $4,224 million of repurchase agreements and $3,792 million of collateral received related to securities lending. Included in the $7,769 million as of December 31, 2015 were $4,499 million of repurchase agreements and $3,270 million of collateral received related to securities lending. Repurchase agreements and collateral received related to securities lending were recorded in securities sold under repurchase agreements and accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition. Refer to Note 9 for additional information with respect to principal securities finance transactions.

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STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

  March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
    Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition     Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition  
(In millions) Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in Statement of Condition Counterparty Netting 
Cash and Securities Provided(1)
 
Net Amount(2)
 Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in Statement of Condition Counterparty Netting 
Collateral Provided(1)
 
Net Amount(2)
Derivatives $7,585
 $
 $(119) $7,466
 $4,132
 $
 $(64) $4,068
Repurchase agreements and securities lending 8,016
 (92) (5,797) 2,127
 7,769
 (63) (5,287) 2,419
Total $15,601
 $(92) $(5,916) $9,593
 $11,901
 $(63) $(5,351) $6,487
(1) Includes securities provided in connection with our securities lending transactions.
(2) Includes amounts secured by collateral not determined to be subject to enforceable netting arrangements.

The securities transferred under resale and repurchase agreements typically are U.S. Treasury, agency and agency mortgage-backed securities. In our principal securities borrowing and lending arrangements, the securities transferred in exchange for the collateral are predominantly equity securities and some corporate debt securities. The fair value of the securities transferred may increase in value to an amount greater than the amount received under our
repurchase and securities lending arrangements, which exposes the Company with counterparty risk. We require the review of the price of the underlying securities in relation to the carrying value of the repurchase agreements and securities lending arrangements on a daily basis and when appropriate, adjust the cash or security to be obtained or returned to counterparties that is reflective of the required collateral levels.

The following table summarizes our repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions by category of collateral pledged and remaining maturity of these agreements as of March 31, 2016:
  Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
(In millions) Overnight and Continuous Up to 30 days 30 – 90 days Total
Repurchase agreements:        
U.S. Treasury and agency securities $36,454
 $
 $
 $36,454
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 76
 
 
 76
Total 36,530
 
 
 36,530
Securities lending transactions:        
Corporate debt securities 1
 
 
 1
Equity securities 8,810
 
 965
 9,775
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 114
 
 
 114
Total 8,925
 
 965
 9,890
Gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase agreements and securities lending $45,455
 $
 $965
 $46,420

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STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Note 9.    Commitments and Guarantees
For additional information regarding our commitments and guarantees, refer to note 10Note 12 in the consolidated financial statements on pages 159173 to 160 of the 2014174 in our 2015 Form 10-K.
Commitments:
We had unfunded off-balance sheet commitments to extend credit generally through lines of credit and short-duration advance facilities totaling $22.28$23.57 billion and $24.43$22.58 billion as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, respectively. The potentialmaximum possible losses associated with these commitments, excluding the value of any collateral, equal the gross contractual amounts, and do not consider the value of any collateral.amounts. As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, approximately 76%75% of our unfunded commitments to extend credit expire within one year. Since many of these commitments are expected to expire or renew without being drawn upon, the gross contractual amounts do not necessarily represent our future cash requirements.
Guarantees:
Off-balance sheet guarantees comprise indemnified securities financing, stable value protection, asset purchase agreements, and standby letters of credit. The following table, which presents the aggregate gross contractual amounts of our off-balance sheet guarantees as of the dates indicated, does not consider the value of any collateral, which may mitigate any potential loss. Amounts presented
do not reflect participations to independent third parties. 
(In millions)September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
Indemnified securities financing$330,821
 $349,766
$337,941
 $320,436
Stable value protection23,588
 23,409
24,771
 24,583
Asset purchase agreements4,322
 4,107
4,128
 3,990
Standby letters of credit4,769
 4,720
4,293
 4,700
Indemnified Securities Financing
On behalf of our clients, we lend their securities, as agent, to brokers and other institutions. In most circumstances, we indemnify our clients for the fair market value of those securities against a failure of the borrower to return such securities.
The following table summarizes the aggregate fair values of indemnified securities financing and related collateral, as well as collateral invested in indemnified repurchase agreements, as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
Fair value of indemnified securities financing$330,821
 $349,766
$337,941
 $320,436
Fair value of cash and securities held by us, as agent, as collateral for indemnified securities financing341,789
 364,411
351,581
 335,420
Fair value of collateral for indemnified securities financing invested in indemnified repurchase agreements78,407
 85,309
67,008
 63,055
Fair value of cash and securities held by us or our agents as collateral for investments in indemnified repurchase agreements82,582
 90,819
70,743
 67,016
In certain cases, we participate in securities finance transactions as a principal. As a principal, we borrow securities from the lending client and then lend such securities to the subsequent borrower, either a State Street client or a broker/dealer. Collateral provided and received in connection with such transactions is recorded in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition. As of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, we had approximately $21.21$21.74 billion and $15.94$20.12 billion, respectively, of collateral provided and approximately $3.35$3.79 billion and $6.48$3.27 billion, respectively, of collateral received from clients in connection with our participation in principal securities finance transactions.
Stable Value Protection
In the normal course of our business, we offer products that provide book-value protection, primarily


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to plan participants in stable value funds managed by non-affiliated investment managers of post-retirement defined contribution benefit plans, particularly 401(k) plans. The book-value protection is provided on portfolios of intermediate investment grade fixed-income securities, and is intended to provide safety and stable growth of principal invested. The protection is intended to cover any shortfall in the event that a significant number of plan participants withdraw funds when book value exceeds market value and the liquidation of the assets is not sufficient to redeem the participants. The investment parameters of the underlying portfolios, combined with structural protections, are designed to provide cushion and guard against payments even under extreme stress scenarios.


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These contingencies are individually accounted for as derivative financial instruments. The notional amounts of the stable value contracts are presented as “derivatives not designated as hedging instruments” in the table of aggregate notional amounts of derivative financial instruments provided in note 12.Note 7. We have not made a payment under these contingencies that we consider material to our consolidated financial condition, and management believes that the probability of payment under these contingencies in the future, that we would consider material to our consolidated financial condition, is remote.
Note 8.10.    Contingencies
Legal and Regulatory Matters:
In the ordinary course of business, we and our subsidiaries are involved in disputes, litigation, and governmental or regulatory inquiries and investigations, both pending and threatened. These matters, if resolved adversely against us or settled, may result in monetary damages, fines and penalties or require changes in our business practices. The resolution or settlement of these matters is inherently difficult to predict. Based on our assessment of these pending matters, we do not believe that the amount of any judgment, settlement or other action arising from any pending matter is likely to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition.  However, an adverse outcome in certain of the matters described below could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations for the period in which such matter is resolved, or an accrual is determined to be required, on our consolidated financial condition, or on our reputation.
We evaluate our needs for accruals of loss contingencies related to legal proceedings on a case-by-case basis. When we have a liability that we
deem probable and that we deem can be reasonably estimated as of the date of our consolidated financial statements, we accrue for our estimate of the loss. We also consider a loss probable and establish an accrual when we make, or intend to make, an offer of settlement. Once established, an accrual is subject to subsequent adjustment as a result of additional information. The resolution of proceedings and the reasonably estimable loss (or range thereof) are inherently difficult to predict, especially in the early stages of proceedings. Even if a loss is probable, due to many complex factors, such as speed of discovery and the timing of court decisions or rulings, a loss or range of loss might not be reasonably estimated until the later stages of the proceeding.
As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, our aggregate accruals for legal loss contingencies and regulatory matters totaled approximately $605 million.$575 million (excluding the accrual of $240 million in connection with errors in invoicing certain of our Investment Servicing clients). To the extent that we have established accruals in our consolidated statement of condition for probable loss contingencies, such accruals may not be sufficient to cover our ultimate financial exposure associated with any settlements or judgments. We may be subject to proceedings in the future that, if adversely resolved, would have a material adverse effect on our businesses or on our future consolidated financial statements. Except where otherwise noted below, we have not established accruals with respect to the claims discussed and do not believe that potential exposure is probable and can be reasonably estimated.
The following discussion provides information with respect to significant legal and regulatory matters.
Securities Finance
Two related participants in our agency securities lending program have brought suit against us challenging actions taken by us in response to their withdrawal from the program. We believe that certain withdrawals by these participants were inconsistent with the redemption policy applicable to the agency lending collateral pools and, consequently, redeemed their remaining interests through an in-kind distribution that reflected the assets these participants would have received had they acted in accordance with the collateral pools' redemption policy. In taking these actions, we believe that we acted in the best interests of all participants in the collateral pools. The two participants have asserted damages of more than $125 million, plus prejudgment interest and other enhanced damages, an amount that plaintiffs attribute to alleged deficiencies in the methodology that State Street used to construct the in-kind distribution and alleged errors in the pricing of the securities that


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plaintiffs received on or about August 2009. While management does not believe that such difference is an appropriate measure of damages, we have been informed that the participants liquidated these securities in June 2013, and we estimate the loss on those sales to be approximately $11 million. As of September 30, 2015, we had $10 million accrued in connection with this matter.
Foreign Exchange
We offer our custody clients and their investment managers the option to route foreign exchange transactions to our foreign exchange desk through our asset servicing operation. We record as revenue an amount approximately equal to the difference between the rates we set for those trades and indicative interbank market rates at the time of settlement of the trade.
As discussed more fully below, claims have been asserted on behalf of certain current and former custody clients, and future claims may be asserted, alleging that our indirect foreign exchange rates (including the differences between those rates and indicative interbank market rates at the time we executed the trades) were not adequately disclosed or were otherwise improper, and seeking to recover, among other things, the full amount of the revenue we obtained from our indirect foreign exchange trading with them.
In October 2009, the Attorney General of the State of California commenced an action under the California False Claims Act and California Business and Professional Code related to services State Street provides to California state pension plans. The California Attorney General asserts that the pricing of certain foreign exchange trades for these pension plans was governed by the custody contracts for these plans and that our pricing was not consistent with the terms of those contracts and related disclosures to the plans, and that, as a result, State Street made false claims and engaged in unfair competition. The Attorney General asserts actual damages of approximately $100 million for periods from 2001 to 2009 and seeks additional penalties, including treble damages. This action is in the discovery phase.
We provide custody services to and engage in principal foreign exchange trading with government pension plans in other jurisdictions. Since the commencement of the litigation in California, attorneysAttorneys general and other government authorities from a number of jurisdictions, as well as U.S. Attorney's offices, the U.S. Department of Labor and the SEC, have requested information or issued
subpoenas in connection with inquiries into the pricing of our indirect foreign exchange trading.
We engage in indirect foreign exchange trading with a broad range of custody clients in the U.S. and internationally. We have responded and are responding to information requests from a number of clients concerning our indirect foreign exchange rates. In February 2011, a putative class action was filed in federal court in Boston seeking unspecified damages, including treble damages, on behalf of all custodial clients that executed certain foreign exchange transactions with State Street from 1998 to 2009. The putative class action alleges, among other things, that the rates at which State Street executed


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foreign currency trades constituted an unfair and deceptive practice under Massachusetts law and a breach of the duty of loyalty.
Two other putative class actions are currently pending in federal court in Boston alleging various violations of ERISA on behalf of all ERISA plans custodied with us that executed indirect foreign exchange trades with State Street from 1998 onward. The complaints allege that State Street caused class members to pay unfair and unreasonable rates on indirect foreign exchange trades with State Street. The complaints seek unspecified damages, disgorgement of profits, and other equitable relief. Other claims may be asserted in the future, including in response to developments in the actions discussed above or governmental proceedings.
If these matters were to proceed to trial, we expect that plaintiffs would seek to recover their share of all or a portion of the revenue that we have recorded from indirect foreign exchange trades. We cannot predict whether a court, in the event of an adverse resolution, would consider our revenue to be the appropriate measure of damages.
The following table summarizes our estimated total revenue worldwide from indirect foreign exchange trading for the periods indicated:
(In millions) Revenue from indirect foreign exchange trading
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2008 $462
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2009 369
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2010 336
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2011 331
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2012 248
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2013 285
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2014 246
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 216
(In millions) Revenue from indirect foreign exchange trading
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2008
$462
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2009
369
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2010
336
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2011
331
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2012
248
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2013
285
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2014
246
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2015
280
Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 66


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We believe that the amount of our revenue from such trading has been of a similar or lesser order of magnitude for many years prior to 2008. Our revenue calculations related to indirect foreign exchange trading reflect a judgment concerning the relationship between the rates we charge for indirect foreign exchange execution and indicative interbank market rates near in time to execution. Our revenue from foreign exchange trading generally depends on the difference between the rates we set for those indirect trades and indicative interbank market rates at the time of settlement of the trade.
As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, we have accrued a total of $585$565 million associated with our indirect foreign
exchange business. This accrual reflects the current status of our ongoing efforts to seek to resolve the outstanding claims asserted in the United States against us by federal governmental entities and U.S. civil litigants with regard to our indirect foreign exchange business. Although we believe thesethis recorded legal accrualsaccrual will address the financial demands associated with these claims, significant non-financial terms remain outstanding. In addition, there can be no assurance that other claims will not be asserted in the future. Consequently, there can be no assurance that we will enter into these settlements, that the cost of any settlements or other resolutions of any such matters will not materially exceed our accruals or that other, potentially material, claims relating to our indirect foreign exchange business will not be asserted against us. An adverse outcome with respect to one or more claims, whether or not currently asserted, relating to our indirect foreign exchange business could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, on our consolidated results of operations for the period in which the adverse outcome occurs (or an accrual is determined to be required), or on our consolidated financial condition.
Transition Management
In January 2014, we entered into a settlement with the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, or FCA, pursuant to which we paid a fine of £22.9 million (approximately $37.8 million), as a result of our having charged six clients of our U.K. transition management business during 2010 and 2011 amounts in excess of the contractual terms. The SEC and the U.S. Attorney are conducting separate investigations into this matter. In April 2016, the U.S. Attorney’s office in Boston charged two former employees in our U.K. transition management business with criminal fraud in connection with their alleged role in this matter. We do not know at this time what actions the U.S. Attorney or the SEC will take with respect to State Street. Such actions could include civil or criminal proceedings and could involve significant fines or other sanctions or penalties, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation or on client demand for our products and services. As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, we had remaining accruals of approximately $2.5$2.0 million for indemnification costs associated with this matter.


Public Retirement Plans
On June 18, 2015, State Street announced that the enforcement staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission had provided it with a “Wells” notice. The notice relates to an SEC investigation into our solicitation of asset servicing business for public retirement plans during a period ending in 2011. The investigation includes our use of consultants and lobbyists and, in at least one instance, political contributions by one of our consultants during and after a public bidding process. The Wells notice informs State Street that the SEC staff intends to ask the Commission for permission to bring a civil enforcement action that would allege violations of the securities laws (i.e., Section 17(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 thereunder). State Street has submitted its response to the SEC staff’s position. We are also in discussions with the staff concerning possible bases for bringing this matter to a close.
Federal Reserve/Massachusetts Division of Banks Written Agreement
On June 1, 2015, State Streetwe entered into a written agreement with the Federal Reserve and the Massachusetts Division of Banks relating to deficiencies identified in its compliance programs with the requirements of the Bank Secrecy Act, anti-money laundering (AML)AML regulations and USU.S. economic sanctions regulations


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promulgated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC).OFAC. As part of this enforcement action, State Street is required to, among other things, implement improvements to our compliance programs and to retain an independent firm to conduct a review of account and transaction activity covering a prior three-month period to evaluate whether any suspicious activity not previously reported should have been identified and reported in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements. If deficiencies in our historical reporting are identified as a result of the transaction review or if we fail to comply with the terms of the written agreement, we may become subject to fines and other regulatory sanctions, which may have a material adverse effect on us.
Invoicing Matter
In December 2015, we announced a review of the manner in which we invoiced certain expenses to certain of our Investment Servicing clients, primarily in the United States, during an 18-year period going back to 1998 and our determination that we had incorrectly invoiced clients for expenses in the aggregate amount of approximately $240 million. We have informed our clients that we will pay to them the expenses we concluded were incorrectly invoiced to them, plus interest. In conjunction with that review, we are evaluating other aspects of invoicing relating to billing our Investment Servicing clients, including calculation of asset-based fees. We are in communication with certain governmental authorities about these matters, including the Department of Justice, the SEC, the Department of Labor and the Massachusetts Attorney General. In April 2016, the Massachusetts Secretary of State commenced an administrative enforcement proceeding against State Street Global Markets, LLC, alleging that our allegedly unethical behavior concerning expense invoices caused State Street Global Markets, LLC to violate state law governing the securities industry by virtue of our alleged control of State Street Global Markets, LLC. The complaint seeks to impose a censure, a fine and to provide for reimbursement or other relief. It is possible that we may be required to reimburse clients for additional amounts, clients or governmental authorities may assert other theories of liability, or we may become subject to other regulatory proceedings and litigation in connection with these matters, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation or business, including on client demand for our products and services.
Income Taxes:
In determining our provision for income taxes, we make certain judgments and interpretations with respect to tax laws in jurisdictions in which we have business operations. Because of the complex nature
of these laws, in the normal course of our business, we are subject to challenges from U.S. and non-U.S. income tax authorities regarding the amount of


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income taxes due. These challenges may result in adjustments to the timing or amount of taxable income or deductions or the allocation of taxable income among tax jurisdictions. We recognize a tax benefit when it is more likely than not that our position will result in a tax deduction or credit. Unrecognized tax benefits have decreased fromtotaled approximately $163$63 million as of both March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014 to $52 million as of September 30, 2015 due to2015.
The Internal Revenue Service is currently reviewing our U.S. income tax returns for the approval of a tax refund.
years 2012 and 2013. We are presently under audit by a number of tax authorities. The earliest tax year open to examination in jurisdictions where we have material operations is 2009. Management believes that we have sufficiently accrued liabilities as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 for tax exposures.
Note 9.11.    Variable Interest Entities
For additional information on our variable interest entities, or VIEs, refer to note 12Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 162176 to 164 of the 2014177 in our 2015 Form 10-K.
Tax-Exempt Investment Program:
In the normal course of our business, we structure and sell certificated interests in pools of tax-exempt investment-grade assets, principally to our mutual fund clients. We structure these pools as partnership trusts, and the assets and liabilities of the trusts are recorded in our consolidated statement of condition as AFS investment securities available for sale and other short-term borrowings. As of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, we carried AFS investment securities, available for sale, composed of securities related to state and political subdivisions, with a fair value of $2.15$2.06 billion and $2.27$2.10 billion, respectively, and other short-term borrowings of $1.79$1.68 billion and $1.87$1.75 billion, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition in connection with these trusts. The interest revenue and interest expense generated by the investments and certificated interests, respectively, are recorded as components of net interest revenue when earned or incurred.
The trusts had a weighted-average life of approximately 5.45.3 years as of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, compared to approximately 5.95.4 years as of December 31, 2014.2015.


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Under separate legal agreements, we provide standby bond-purchase agreements to these trusts and, with respect to certain securities, letters of credit. Our commitments to the trusts under these standby bond-purchase agreements and letters of credit totaled $1.79$1.71 billion and $598$546 million, respectively, asrespectively. As of September 30, 2015, noneMarch 31, 2016, $20 million of whichthe standby bond-purchase agreements was utilized as of that date.utilized.
Interests in Sponsored Investment Funds:
As of September 30,March 31, 2016, the aggregate assets and liabilities of our consolidated sponsored investment funds totaled $330 million and $241 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, the aggregate assets and liabilities of our consolidated sponsored investment funds totaled $497$321 million and $403 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2014, the aggregate assets and liabilities of our consolidated sponsored investment funds totaled $65 million and $13$228 million, respectively.
As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, our potential maximum total exposure associated with the consolidated sponsored investment funds totaled $62$57 million and represented the value of our economic ownership interest in the fund.
As of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, we managed certain sponsored investment funds, considered VIEs, in which we held a variable interest but for which we were not deemed to be the primary beneficiary. Our potential maximum loss exposure related to these unconsolidated funds totaled $86$129 million and $45$75 million as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, respectively, and represented the carrying value of our seed capital investment, which is recorded in either AFS investment securities available for sale or other assets in our consolidated statement of condition. The amount of loss we may recognize during any period is limited to the carrying amount of our seed capital investment in the unconsolidated fund.


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Note 10.12.    Shareholders' Equity

Preferred Stock:
Preferred Stock, Series F
In May 2015, we issued 750 thousand depositary shares,The following table summarizes selected terms of each representing a 1/100th ownership interest in a share of State Street’s fixed-to-floating-rate non-cumulative perpetualthe series of the preferred stock Series F, without par value per share, with a liquidation preferenceissued and outstanding as of $100,000 per share (equivalent to $1,000 per depositary share), in a public offering. The aggregate proceeds fromMarch 31, 2016:
 Issuance Date Depositary Shares Issued Ownership Interest per Depositary Share Liquidation Preference Per Share Liquidation Preference Per Depositary Share Net Proceeds of Offering (in millions) 
Redemption Date(1)
Preferred Stock:(2)
            
Series CAugust 2012 20,000,000
 1/4,000th $100,000
 $25
 $488
 September 15, 2017
Series DFebruary 2014 30,000,000
 1/4,000th 100,000
 25
 742
 March 15, 2024
Series ENovember 2014 30,000,000
 1/4,000th 100,000
 25
 728
 December 15, 2019
Series FMay 2015 750,000
 1/100th 100,000
 1,000
 742
 September 15, 2020
(1) On the offering, net of underwriting discounts, commissions and other issuance costs, were approximately $742 million.
On September 15, 2020,redemption date, or any dividend paymentdeclaration date thereafter, the Series F preferred stock and corresponding depositary shares may be redeemed by us, in whole or in part, at a redemptionthe liquidation price equal to $100,000 per share (equivalent to $1,000and liquidation price per depositary share)share plus any declared and unpaid dividends, without accumulation of any undeclared dividends.
(2) The Series F preferred stock and corresponding depositary shares may be redeemed at our option in whole, but not in part, prior to September 15, 2020,the redemption date upon the occurrence of a regulatory capital treatment event, as defined in the certificate of designation, with respect to the Series F preferred stock, at a redemption price equal to $100,000the liquidation price per share (equivalent to $1,000and liquidation price per depositary share)share plus any declared and unpaid dividends, without accumulation of any undeclared dividends.
InThe following table presents the three months ended September 30, 2015, wedividends declared dividends on our Series Ffor each of the series of preferred stock issued and outstanding for the periods indicted:
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2016 2015
 Dividends Declared Dividends Declared per Depositary Share 
Total (in millions)(1)
 Dividends Declared Dividends Declared per Depositary Share Total (in millions)
Preferred Stock:           
Series C$1,313
 $0.33
 $7
 $1,313
 $0.33
 $6
Series D1,475
 0.37
 11
 1,475
 0.37
 11
Series E1,500
 0.38
 11
 1,833
 0.46
 14
Series F2,625
 26.25
 20
 
 
 
Total    $49
     $31
(1) Dividends were paid in March 2016.
In April 2016, we issued 20 million depositary shares, each representing 1/4,000th ownership interest in shares of $1,663State Street's fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series G, without par value per share, or approximately $16.63with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share, totaling approximately $12 million. We did not declareshare), in a dividend on the Series F preferred stock in the first six months of 2015.
Preferred Stock, Series E
In the three months ended September 30, 2015, we declared dividends on our Series E preferred stock of $1,500 per share, or approximately $0.38 per depositary share, totaling approximately $11 million. In the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we declared dividends on our Series E preferred stock of $4,833 per share, or approximately $1.22 per depositary share, totaling approximately $36 million. We did not declare a dividend on the Series E preferred stock in the first nine months of September 30, 2014.
Preferred Stock, Series D
In the three months ended September 30, 2015, we declared aggregate dividends on our Series D preferred stock of $1,475 per share, or approximately $0.37 per depositary share, totaling approximately $11 million. In the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we declared aggregate dividends on our Series D preferred stock of $4,425 per share, or approximately $1.11 per depositary share, totaling approximately $33 million. In the three months ended September 30, 2014, we declared aggregate dividends on our Series D preferred stock of $1,475 per share, or approximately $0.37 per depositary share, totaling approximately $11 million. In the nine months ended September 30, 2014, we declared aggregate dividends on our Series D preferred stock of $3,130 per share, or approximately $0.78 per depositary share, totaling approximately $23 million.
Preferred Stock, Series C
In the three months ended September 30, 2015, we declared aggregate dividends on our Series C preferred stock of $1,313 per share, or approximately $0.33 per depositary share, totaling approximately $7 million. In the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we declared aggregate dividends on our Series C preferred stock of $3,939 per share, or approximately $0.99 per depositary share, totaling approximately $20 million. In the three months ended September 30, 2014, we declared aggregate dividends on our Series C preferred stock of $1,313 per share, or approximately $0.33 per depositary share, totaling approximately $7 million. In the nine months ended September 30, 2014, we declared aggregate dividends on our Series C preferred stock of $3,939 per share, or approximately $0.99 per depositary share, totaling approximately $20 million.public offering.
Common Stock:
In March 2015 our Board of Directors, or Board approved a common stock purchase program authorizing the purchase of up to $1.8 billion of our common stock through June 30, 2016. In2016, (the 2015 Program). The table below presents the three months ended September 30,activity under the 2015 we purchased approximately 4.8 million shares of our common stock at an average per-share cost of $72.43 and an aggregate cost of approximately $350 million under this program. In the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we purchased approximately 9.3 million shares of our common stock at an average per-share cost of $75.47 and an aggregate cost of approximately $700 million under this program.
Inprogram during the three months ended March 31, 2015, we purchased approximately 6.3 million shares of our common stock at an average per-share cost of $74.88 and an aggregate cost of approximately $4702016.
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
 Shares Purchased (in millions) Average Cost per Share Total Purchased (in millions)
2015 Program5.6
 $57.88
 $325




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million under a previous program approved byThe table below presents the Board in March 2014. As of March 31, 2015, no shares remained available for purchases of ourdividends declared on common stock underfor the program.periods indicated:
Under both programs, in the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we purchased in the aggregate approximately 15.6 million shares of our common stock at an average per-share cost of $75.23 and an aggregate cost of $1,170 million. Shares acquired under the programs which remained unissued as of September 30, 2015 were recorded as treasury stock in our consolidated statement of condition as of September 30, 2015.

 Three Months Ended March 31,
 Dividends Declared per Share 
Total
(in millions)
 Dividends Declared per Share 
Total
(in millions)
 2016 2015
Common Stock$0.34
 $135
 $0.30
 $124
In the three months ended September 30, 2015, we declared aggregate common stock dividends of $0.34 per share, totaling approximately $138 million. In the three months ended September 30, 2014, we declared aggregate common stock dividends of $0.30 per share, totaling approximately $126 million. In the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we declared aggregate common stock dividends of $0.98 per share, totaling approximately $401 million, compared to aggregate common stock dividends of $0.86 per share, totaling approximately $366 million, declared in the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
The following table presents the after-tax components of AOCI as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
Net unrealized gains on cash flow hedges$322
 $276
$225
 $293
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities portfolio180
 273
266
 9
Net unrealized gains (losses) related to reclassified available-for-sale securities26
 39
(24) (28)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities206
 312
242
 (19)
Net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities designated in fair value hedges(129) (121)(129) (109)
Other-than-temporary impairment on available-for-sale securities related to factors other than credit
 1

 
Net unrealized losses on hedges of net investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries(14) (14)(14) (14)
Other-than-temporary impairment on held-to-maturity securities related to factors other than credit(18) (29)(15) (16)
Net unrealized losses on retirement plans(253) (272)(185) (183)
Foreign currency translation(1,215) (660)(1,088) (1,394)
Total$(1,101) $(507)$(964) $(1,442)
The following tables present changes in AOCI by component, net of related taxes, for the periods indicated:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
(In millions)Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities Net Unrealized Losses on Hedges of Net Investments in Non-U.S. Subsidiaries Other-Than-Temporary Impairment on Held-to-Maturity Securities Net Unrealized Losses on Retirement Plans Foreign Currency Translation TotalNet Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities Net Unrealized Losses on Hedges of Net Investments in Non-U.S. Subsidiaries Other-Than-Temporary Impairment on Held-to-Maturity Securities Net Unrealized Losses on Retirement Plans Foreign Currency Translation Total
Balance as of December 31, 2014$276
 $192
 $(14) $(29) $(272) $(660) $(507)
Balance as of December 31, 2015$293
 $(128) $(14) $(16) $(183) $(1,394) $(1,442)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications44
 (112) 
 12
 
 (555) (611)(68) 238
 
 1
 (3) 306
 474
Amounts reclassified into earnings2
 (3) 
 (1) 19
 
 17
Amounts reclassified into (out of) earnings
 3
 
 
 1
 
 4
Other comprehensive income (loss)46
 (115) 
 11
 19
 (555) (594)(68) 241
 
 1
 (2) 306
 478
Balance as of September 30, 2015$322
 $77
 $(14)��$(18) $(253) $(1,215) $(1,101)
Balance as of March 31, 2016$225
 $113
 $(14) $(15) $(185) $(1,088) $(964)

87
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
(In millions)Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities Net Unrealized Losses on Hedges of Net Investments in Non-U.S. Subsidiaries Other-Than-Temporary Impairment on Held-to-Maturity Securities Net Unrealized Losses on Retirement Plans Foreign Currency Translation Total
Balance as of December 31, 2014$276
 $192
 $(14) $(29) $(272) $(660) $(507)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications11
 179
 
 5
 
 (699) (504)
Amounts reclassified into (out of) earnings1
 
 
 (1) 5
 
 5
Other comprehensive income (loss)12
 179
 
 4
 5
 (699) (499)
Balance as of March 31, 2015$288
 $371
 $(14) $(25) $(267) $(1,359) $(1,006)

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 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
(In millions)Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities Net Unrealized Losses on Hedges of Net Investments in Non-U.S. Subsidiaries Other-Than-Temporary Impairment on Held-to-Maturity Securities Net Unrealized Losses on Retirement Plans Foreign Currency Translation Total
Balance as of December 31, 2013$161
 $(221) $(14) $(47) $(203) $229
 $(95)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications54
 425
 
 15
 (1) (518) (25)
Amounts reclassified into earnings2
 (9) 
 1
 19
 
 13
Other comprehensive income (loss)56
 416
 
 16
 18
 (518) (12)
Balance as of September 30, 2014$217
 $195
 $(14) $(31) $(185) $(289) $(107)
The following table presents after-tax reclassifications into earnings for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31, 
2015 2014 2016 2015 
(In millions)Amounts Reclassified into Earnings Affected Line Item in Consolidated Statement of IncomeAmounts Reclassified into Earnings Affected Line Item in Consolidated Statement of Income
Cash flow hedges:        
Interest-rate contracts$1
 $1
 Net interest revenue
Interest-rate contracts, net of related taxes of $0 and $0, respectively$
 $1
 Net interest revenue
Available-for-sale securities:        
Net realized gains from sales of available-for-sale securities(1) 
 Net gains (losses) from sales of available-for-sale securities
Net realized gains from sales of available-for-sale securities, net of related taxes of ($1) and $0, respectively3
 
 Net gains (losses) from sales of available-for-sale securities
Held-to-maturity securities:    
Other-than-temporary impairment on held-to-maturity securities related to factors other than credit
 (1) Losses reclassified (from) to other comprehensive income
Retirement plans:        
Amortization of actuarial losses, net of related taxes of ($3) and tax benefit of $3, respectively4
 2
 Compensation and employee benefits expenses
Amortization of actuarial losses, net of related taxes of ($2) and ($4), respectively1
 5
 Compensation and employee benefits expenses
Total reclassifications out of AOCI$4
 $3
 $4
 $5
 

 Nine Months Ended September 30,  
 2015 2014  
(In millions)Amounts Reclassified into Earnings Affected Line Item in Consolidated Statement of Income
Cash flow hedges:     
Interest-rate contracts, net of related tax benefit of $1 and $1, respectively$2
 $2
 Net interest revenue
Available-for-sale securities:     
Net realized gains from sales of available-for-sale securities, net of related tax benefit of $1 and related taxes of ($6), respectively(3) (9) Net gains (losses) from sales of available-for-sale securities
Held-to-maturity securities:     
Other-than-temporary impairment on held-to-maturity securities related to factors other than credit(1) 1
 Losses reclassified (from) to other comprehensive income
Retirement plans:     
Amortization of actuarial losses, net of related taxes of ($4) and ($2), respectively19
 19
 Compensation and employee benefits expenses
Total reclassifications out of AOCI$17
 $13
  
Note 11.13.    Regulatory Capital
We are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum regulatory capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and
discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our consolidated financial condition. Under current regulatory capital adequacy guidelines, we must meet specified capital requirements that involve quantitative measures of our consolidated assets,


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liabilities and off-balance sheet exposures calculated in conformity with regulatory accounting practices. Our capital components and their classifications are subject to qualitative judgments by regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. For additional information on regulatory capital, and the requirements to which we are subject, refer to note 15, Regulatory CapitalNote 16 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 170 to 173180 and 181 in the 2014our 2015 Form 10-K.
As required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or Dodd-Frank Act, enacted in 2010, State Street and State Street Bank, as advanced approaches banking organizations, are subject to a permanent "capital floor" in the calculation and assessment of their regulatory capital adequacy by U.S. banking regulators. Beginning on January 1, 2015, we arewere required to calculate our risk-based capital ratios using both the advanced approaches and the standardized approach. As a result, from January 1, 2015 going forward, our risk-based capital ratios for regulatory assessment purposes will beare the lower of each ratio calculated under the standardized approach and the advanced approaches.
 
The methods for the calculation of our and State Street Bank's risk-based capital ratios will change as the provisions of the Basel III final rule related to the numerator (capital) and denominator (risk-weighted assets) are phased in, and as we begin calculating our risk-weighted assets using the advanced approaches. These ongoing methodological changes will result in differences in our reported capital ratios from one reporting period to the next that are independent of applicable changes to our capital base, our asset composition, our off-balance sheet exposures or our risk profile.
As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, State Street and State Street Bank exceeded all regulatory capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject. As of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, State Street Bank was categorized as “well capitalized” under the applicable regulatory capital adequacy framework, and exceeded all “well capitalized” ratio guidelines to which it was subject. Management believes that no conditions or events have occurred since September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 that have changed the capital categorization of State Street Bank.


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The following table presents the regulatory capital structure, total risk-weighted assets, related regulatory capital ratios and the minimum required regulatory capital ratios for State Street and State Street Bank as of the dates indicated. As a result of changes in the methodologies used to calculate our regulatory capital ratios from period to period as the provisions of the Basel III final rule are phased in, the ratios presented in the table for each period-end are not directly comparable. Refer to the footnotes following the table.
 State Street State Street Bank State Street State Street Bank
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions) 
Basel III Advanced Approaches September 30, 2015(1)
 
Basel III Standardized Approach September 30, 2015(2)
 
Basel III Advanced Approaches December 31, 2014(1)
 
Basel III Transitional Approach December 31, 2014(3)
 
Basel III Advanced Approaches September 30, 2015(1)
 
Basel III Standardized Approach September 30, 2015(2)
 
Basel III Advanced Approaches December 31, 2014(1)
 
Basel III Transitional Approach December 31, 2014(3)
(Dollars in millions) 
Basel III Advanced Approaches March 31, 2016(1)
 
Basel III Standardized Approach March 31, 2016(2)
 
Basel III Advanced Approaches December 31, 2015(1)
 
Basel III Standardized Approach December 31, 2015(2)
 
Basel III Advanced Approaches March 31, 2016(1)
 
Basel III Standardized Approach March 31, 2016(2)
 
Basel III Advanced Approaches December 31, 2015(1)
 
Basel III Standardized Approach December 31, 2015(2)
Common shareholders' equity: Common shareholders' equity:                 Common shareholders' equity:                
Common stock and related surplusCommon stock and related surplus $10,246
 $10,246
 $10,295
 $10,295
 $10,924
 $10,924
 $10,867
 $10,867
Common stock and related surplus $10,243
 $10,243
 $10,250
 $10,250
 $10,941
 $10,941
 $10,938
 $10,938
Retained earningsRetained earnings 15,795
 15,795
 14,882
 14,882
 10,886
 10,886
 9,416
 9,416
Retained earnings 16,233
 16,233
 16,049
 16,049
 10,997
 10,997
 10,655
 10,655
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (1,177) (1,177) (641) (641) (1,011) (1,011) (535) (535)Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(1,020) (1,020) (1,422) (1,422) (841) (841) (1,230) (1,230)
Treasury stock, at costTreasury stock, at cost (6,143) (6,143) (5,158) (5,158) 
 
 
 
Treasury stock, at cost (6,719) (6,719) (6,457) (6,457) 
 
 
 
Total 18,721

18,721
 19,378
 19,378
 20,799
 20,799
 19,748
 19,748
 18,737

18,737
 18,420
 18,420
 21,097
 21,097
 20,363
 20,363
Regulatory capital adjustments:Regulatory capital adjustments:                Regulatory capital adjustments:                
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities(4)
 (5,987) (5,987) (5,869) (5,869) (5,687) (5,687) (5,577) (5,577)
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities(3)
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities(3)
(6,242) (6,242) (5,927) (5,927) (5,938) (5,938) (5,631) (5,631)
Other adjustmentsOther adjustments (62) (62) (36) (36) (92) (92) (128) (128)Other adjustments (91) (91) (60) (60) (88) (88) (85) (85)
Common equity tier 1 capital Common equity tier 1 capital 12,672

12,672
 13,473
 13,473
 15,020
 15,020
 14,043
 14,043
Common equity tier 1 capital 12,404

12,404
 12,433
 12,433
 15,071
 15,071
 14,647
 14,647
Preferred stock 2,703
 2,703
 1,961
 1,961
 
 
 
 
 2,703
 2,703
 2,703
 2,703
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred capital securities subject to phase-out from tier 1 capitalTrust preferred capital securities subject to phase-out from tier 1 capital 237
 237
 475
 475
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred capital securities subject to phase-out from tier 1 capital
 
 237
 237
 
 
 
 
Other adjustmentsOther adjustments (94) (94) (145) (145) 
 
 
 
Other adjustments (75) (75) (109) (109) 
 
 
 
Tier 1 capital 15,518

15,518
 15,764
 15,764
 15,020
 15,020
 14,043
 14,043
 15,032

15,032
 15,264
 15,264
 15,071
 15,071
 14,647
 14,647
Qualifying subordinated long-term debt 1,438
 1,438
 1,618
 1,618
 1,452
 1,452
 1,634
 1,634
Qualifying subordinated long-term debt1,259
 1,259
 1,358
 1,358
 1,271
 1,271
 1,371
 1,371
Trust preferred capital securities phased out of tier 1 capitalTrust preferred capital securities phased out of tier 1 capital 713
 713
 475
 475
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred capital securities phased out of tier 1 capital890
 890
 713
 713
 
 
 
 
ALLL and other

ALLL and other

 12
 69
 
 
 9
 69
 
 
ALLL and other

 9
 66
 12
 66
 5
 66
 8
 66
Other adjustmentsOther adjustments 2
 2
 4
 4
 
 
 
 
Other adjustments 1
 1
 2
 2
 
 
 
 
Total capital $17,683

$17,740
 $17,861
 $17,861
 $16,481
 $16,541
 $15,677
 $15,677
 $17,191

$17,248
 $17,349
 $17,403
 $16,347
 $16,408
 $16,026
 $16,084
Risk-weighted assets: Risk-weighted assets:                 Risk-weighted assets:                
Credit risk $55,914
 $103,004
 $66,874
 $87,502
 $50,936
 $97,803
 $59,836
 $84,433
 $52,865
 $98,133
 $51,733
 $93,515
 $48,489
 $93,520
 $47,677
 $89,164
Operational risk 44,014
 NA 35,866
 NA 43,413
 NA 35,449
 NA 44,231
 NA
 43,882
 NA
 43,663
 NA
 43,324
 NA
Market risk(5)(4)
 

4,437
 2,761
 5,087
 2,910
 4,397
 2,761
 5,048
 2,909
 

3,537
 1,484
 3,937
 2,378
 3,523
 1,484
 3,939
 2,378
Total risk-weighted assetsTotal risk-weighted assets $104,365
 $105,765
 $107,827
 $90,412
 $98,746
 $100,564
 $100,333
 $87,342
Total risk-weighted assets $100,633
 $99,617
 $99,552
 $95,893
 $95,675
 $95,004
 $94,940
 $91,542
Adjusted quarterly average assetsAdjusted quarterly average assets $244,553
 $244,553
 $247,740
 $247,740
 $239,610
 $239,610
 $243,549
 $243,549
Adjusted quarterly average assets $217,029
 $217,029
 $221,880
 $221,880
 $212,843
 $212,843
 $217,358
 $217,358
Capital Ratios:
Minimum Requirements(6) 2015
Minimum Requirements(7) 2014
               
Minimum Requirements Including Capital Conservation Buffer and G-SIB Surcharge(5)  2016
Minimum Requirements(6)
               
Common equity tier 1 capital4.5%4.0%12.1% 12.0% 12.5% 14.9% 15.2% 14.9% 14.0% 16.1%5.5%4.5%12.3% 12.5% 12.5% 13.0% 15.8% 15.9% 15.4% 16.0%
Tier 1 capital6.0
5.5
14.9
 14.7
 14.6
 17.4
 15.2
 14.9
 14.0
 16.1
7.0
6.0
14.9
 15.1
 15.3
 15.9
 15.8
 15.9
 15.4
 16.0
Total capital8.0
8.0
16.9
 16.8
 16.6
 19.8
 16.7
 16.4
 15.6
 17.9
9.0
8.0
17.1
 17.3
 17.4
 18.1
 17.1
 17.3
 16.9
 17.6
Tier 1 leverage4.0
4.0
6.3
 6.3
 6.4
 6.4
 6.3
 6.3
 5.8
 5.8
4.0
4.0
6.9
 6.9
 6.9
 6.9
 7.1
 7.1
 6.7
 6.7
    
NA: Not applicable.
(1) Common equity tier 1 capital, tier 1 capital and total capital ratios as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 20142015 were calculated in conformity with the advanced approaches provisions of the Basel III final rule. Tier 1 leverage ratio as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 20142015 were calculated in conformity with the Basel III final rule.
(2) Common equity tier 1 capital, tier 1 capital and total capital ratios as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 were calculated in conformity with the standardized approach provisions of the Basel III final rule. Tier 1 leverage ratio as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 was calculated in conformity with the Basel III final rule.
(3) Common equity tier 1 capital, tier 1 capital, total capital and tier 1 leverage ratios as of December 31, 2014 were calculated in conformity with the transitional provisions of the Basel III final rule. Specifically, these ratios reflect common equity tier 1, tier 1 and total capital (the numerator) calculated in conformity with the provisions of the Basel III final rule, and total risk-weighted assets or, with respect to the tier 1 leverage ratio, quarterly average assets (in both cases, the denominator), calculated in conformity with the provisions of Basel I.
(4) Amounts for State Street and State Street Bank as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 consisted of goodwill, net of associated deferred tax liabilities, and 40%60% of other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities. Amounts for State Street and State Street Bank as of December 31, 20142015 consisted of goodwill, net of deferred tax liabilities and 20%40% of other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities. Intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities is phased in as a deduction from capital, in conformity with the Basel III final rule.
(5)(4) Market risk risk-weighted assets reported in conformity with the Basel III advanced approaches included a credit valuation adjustment, or CVA which reflected the risk of potential fair-value adjustments for credit risk reflected in our valuation of over-the-counter derivative contracts.  The CVA was not provided for in the final market risk capital rule; however, it was required by the advanced approaches provisions of the Basel III final rule.  State Street used the simple CVA approach in conformity with the Basel III advanced approaches.
(6)(5) Minimum requirements will be phased in up to full implementation beginning on January 1, 2019; minimum requirements listed are as of September 30, 2015.March 31, 2016.
(7)(6) Minimum requirements will be phased in up to full implementation beginning on January 1, 2019; minimum requirements listed are as of December 31, 2014.2015.

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Note 12.    Derivative Financial Instruments
We use derivative financial instruments to support our clients' needs and to manage our interest-rate and currency risk. In undertaking these activities, we assume positions in both the foreign exchange and interest-rate markets by buying and selling cash instruments and using derivative financial instruments, including foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign exchange and interest-rate options and interest-rate swaps, interest-rate forward contracts and interest-rate futures. For information on our derivative instruments, including the related accounting policies, refer to note 16 on pages 173 to 179 in the 2014 Form 10-K.
Derivative financial instruments are also subject to credit and counterparty risk, which we manage by performing credit reviews, maintaining individual counterparty limits, entering into netting arrangements and requiring the receipt of collateral. Cash collateral received from and provided to counterparties in connection with derivative financial instruments is recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities and other assets, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition. As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had recorded approximately $1.45 billion and $1.79 billion, respectively, of cash collateral received from counterparties and approximately $2.50 billion and $4.79 billion, respectively, of cash collateral provided to counterparties in connection with derivative financial instruments in our consolidated statement of condition.
Certain of our derivative assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are subject to master netting agreements with our derivative counterparties. Certain of these agreements contain credit risk-related contingent features in which the counterparty has the right to declare us in default and accelerate cash settlement of our net derivative liabilities with the counterparty in the event that our credit rating falls below specified levels. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit risk-related contingent features that were in a net liability position as of September 30, 2015 totaled approximately $1.41 billion, against which we had $14 million underlying collateral, due to timing differences with respect to the market-to market valuation of the collateral. If our credit rating were downgraded below levels specified in the agreements, the maximum additional amount of payments related to termination events that could have been required pursuant to these contingent features as of September 30, 2015 was approximately $1.39 billion. Such accelerated
settlement would not affect our consolidated results of operations.
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
In connection with our trading activities, we use derivative financial instruments in our role as a financial intermediary and as both a manager and servicer of financial assets, in order to accommodate our clients' investment and risk management needs. In addition, we use derivative financial instruments for risk management purposes as economic hedges, which are not formally designated as accounting hedges, in order to contribute to our overall corporate earnings and liquidity. These activities are designed to generate trading services revenue and to manage volatility in our net interest revenue. The level of market risk that we assume is a function of our overall objectives and liquidity needs, our clients' requirements and market volatility. Refer to pages 174 to 175 within note 16 in the 2014 Form 10-K for information on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments.
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
In connection with our asset-and-liability management activities, we use derivative financial instruments to manage our interest-rate risk and foreign currency risk. Interest-rate risk, defined as the sensitivity of income or financial condition to variations in interest rates, is a significant non-trading market risk to which our assets and liabilities are exposed. We manage our interest-rate risk by identifying, quantifying and hedging our exposures, using fixed-rate portfolio securities and a variety of derivative financial instruments, most frequently interest-rate swaps and options (for example, interest-rate caps and floors). Interest-rate swap agreements alter the interest-rate characteristics of specific balance sheet assets or liabilities. When appropriate, forward-rate agreements, options on swaps, and exchange-traded futures and options are also used. We use forward and swap foreign exchange contracts to hedge foreign exchange exposure to various foreign currencies with respect to certain assets and liabilities. Our hedging relationships are formally designated, and qualify for hedge accounting, as fair value or cash flow hedges. Refer to pages 175 to 179 within note 16 in the 2014 Form 10-K for information on derivatives designated as hedging instruments.
 Fair Value Hedges
We have entered into interest-rate swap agreements to modify our interest revenue from certain available-for-sale investment securities from a fixed rate to a floating rate. The hedged trusts had a


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weighted-average life of approximately 5.4 years as of September 30, 2015, compared to 5.9 years as of December 31, 2014.
We have entered into interest-rate swap agreements to modify our interest expense on seven senior notes and two subordinated notes from fixed rates to floating rates. The senior notes mature in 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2023, 2024 and 2025 and pay fixed interest at annual rates of 5.38%, 1.35%, 2.55%, 4.38%, 3.70%, 3.30% and 3.55%, respectively. The subordinated notes mature in 2018 and 2023 and pay fixed interest at annual rates of 4.96% and 3.10%, respectively. The senior and subordinated notes are hedged with interest-rate swap contracts with notional amounts, maturities and fixed-rate coupon terms that align with the hedged notes.
We have entered into forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge the change in fair value attributable to foreign exchange movements in the funding of non-functional currency-denominated investment securities. These forward contracts convert the foreign currency risk to U.S. dollars, thereby mitigating our exposure to fluctuations in the fair value of the securities attributable to changes in foreign exchange rates.
Cash Flow Hedges 
We have entered into foreign exchange contracts to hedge the change in cash flows attributable to foreign exchange movements in the funding of non-functional currency-denominated investment securities. These foreign exchange contracts convert the foreign currency risk to U.S. dollars, thereby mitigating our exposure to fluctuations in the cash flows of the securities attributable to changes in foreign exchange rates.
The following table presents the aggregate contractual, or notional, amounts of derivative financial instruments entered into in connection with our trading and asset-and-liability management activities as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)September 30,
2015
 December 31,
2014
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:   
Interest-rate contracts:   
Swap agreements and forwards$360
 $645
Options and caps purchased1
 7
Options and caps written1
 7
Futures16,078
 3,939
Foreign exchange contracts:   
Forward, swap and spot1,345,774
 1,231,344
Options purchased989
 2,767
Options written938
 2,404
Credit derivative contracts:   
Credit swap agreements37
 191
Commodity and equity contracts:   
Commodity(1)
138
 26
Equity(1)
53
 2
Other:   
Stable value contracts23,588
 23,409
Deferred value awards(2)
351
 210
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:   
Interest-rate contracts:   
Swap agreements9,407
 6,077
Foreign exchange contracts:   
Forward and swap13,052
 2,705
(1) Primarily composed of positions held by a consolidated sponsored investment fund, more fully described in note 9.
(2) Represents grants of deferred value awards to employees; refer to discussion in this note under "Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments."


92


STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


In connection with our asset-and-liability management activities, we have entered into interest-rate contracts designated as fair value and cash flow hedges to manage our interest-rate risk. The following table presents the aggregate notional amounts of these interest-rate contracts and the related assets or liabilities being hedged as of the dates indicated:
 
September 30, 2015(1)
(In millions)
Fair
Value
Hedges
Investment securities available for sale$1,707
Long-term debt(2)
7,700
Total$9,407
 December 31, 2014
(In millions)Fair
Value
Hedges
Investment securities available for sale$2,577
Long-term debt(2)
3,500
Total$6,077
(1) As of September 30, 2015 there were no interest-rate contracts designated as cash flow hedges.
(2) As of September 30, 2015, these fair value hedges increased the carrying value of long-term debt presented in our consolidated statement of condition by $217 million. As of December 31, 2014, these fair value hedges decreased the carrying value of long-term debt presented in our consolidated statement of condition by $76 million.
The following tables present the contractual and weighted-average interest rates for long-term debt, which include the effects of the fair value hedges presented in the table above, for the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended September 30,
 2015 2014
 
Contractual
Rates
 
Rate 
Including
Impact of Hedges
 
Contractual
Rates
 
Rate 
Including
Impact of Hedges
Long-term debt3.59% 2.35% 3.44% 2.64%
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2015 2014
 
Contractual
Rates
 
Rate 
Including
Impact of Hedges
 
Contractual
Rates
 
Rate 
Including
Impact of Hedges
Long-term debt3.60% 2.51% 3.45% 2.66%
The following tables present the fair value of derivative financial instruments, excluding the impact of master netting agreements, recorded in our consolidated statement of condition as of the dates indicated. The impact of master netting agreements is disclosed in note 2.
Derivative Assets(1)
 Fair Value
(In millions)September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:   
Foreign exchange contracts$10,102
 $14,626
Interest-rate contracts3
 15
Other derivative contracts5
 2
Total$10,110
 $14,643
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:   
Foreign exchange contracts$632
 $509
Interest-rate contracts229
 62
Total$861
 $571
(1) Derivative assets are included within other assets in our consolidated statement of condition.
Derivative Liabilities(1)
 Fair Value
(In millions)September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:   
Foreign exchange contracts$10,269
 $14,922
Other derivative contracts105
 70
Interest-rate contracts2
 16
Total$10,376
 $15,008
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:   
Interest-rate contracts$205
 $223
Foreign exchange contracts28
 3
Total$233
 $226
(1) Derivative liabilities are included within other liabilities in our consolidated statement of condition.



93


STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


The following tables present the impact of our use of derivative financial instruments on our consolidated statement of income for the periods indicated:
 
Location of Gain (Loss) on
Derivative in Consolidated
Statement of Income
 
Amount of Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized
in Consolidated Statement of Income
   Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)  2015 2014 2015 2014
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:        
Foreign exchange contractsTrading services revenue $177
 $163
 $546
 $441
Interest-rate contractsTrading services revenue 
 1
 (1) 
Credit derivative contractsProcessing fees and other revenue 
 
 
 (1)
Other derivative contractsTrading services revenue (1) 1
 1
 1
Total  $176
 $165
 $546
 $441
 
Location of (Gain) Loss on
Derivative in Consolidated
Statement of Income
 
Amount of (Gain) Loss on Derivative Recognized
in Consolidated Statement of Income
   Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)  2015 2014 2015 2014
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:        
Other derivative contractsCompensation and employee benefits $28
 $18
 $121
 $89
Total  $28
 $18
 $121
 $89
 Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative in Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 Hedged Item in Fair Value Hedging Relationship Location of Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item in Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Hedged
Item Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
(In millions)  Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015     Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:            
Foreign exchange contractsProcessing fees and
other revenue
 $(80) $(132) Investment securities Processing fees and
other revenue
 $80
 $132
Foreign exchange contractsProcessing fees and other revenue (13) 102
 FX deposit Processing fees and other revenue 13
 (102)
Interest-rate contracts
Processing fees and
other revenue
 (25) (13) Available-for-sale securities 
Processing fees and
other revenue(1)
 26
 14
Interest-rate contractsProcessing fees and
other revenue
 182
 165
 Long-term debt Processing fees and
other revenue
 (176) (159)
Total  $64
 $122
     $(57) $(115)
 Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative in Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 Hedged Item in Fair Value Hedging Relationship Location of Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item in Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Hedged
Item Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
(In millions)  Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014     Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:            
Foreign exchange contractsProcessing fees and
other revenue
 $(82) $(22) Investment securities Processing fees and
other revenue
 $82
 $22
Interest-rate contracts
Processing fees and
other revenue
 24
 (17) Available-for-sale securities 
Processing fees and
other revenue(1)
 (23) 15
Interest-rate contractsProcessing fees and
other revenue
 (8) 88
 Long-term debt Processing fees and
other revenue
 9
 (80)
Total  $(66) $49
     $68
 $(43)
(1) Represents amounts reclassified out of or into other comprehensive income, or OCI. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, $16 million and $9 million, respectively, of unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities designated in fair value hedges were recognized in OCI. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, $14 million and $9 million, respectively, of unrealized gains and losses, respectively, on available-for-sale securities designated in fair value hedges were recognized in OCI.

94


STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


Differences between the gains (losses) on the derivative and the gains (losses) on the hedged item, excluding any amounts recorded in net interest revenue, represent hedge ineffectiveness.
 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI to Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) Reclassified
from OCI to
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
(In millions)Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015   Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015   Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:               
Interest-rate contracts$
 $
 Net interest revenue $(1) $(3) Net interest revenue $
 $
Foreign exchange contracts40
 81
 Net interest revenue 
 
 Net interest revenue 2
 6
Total$40
 $81
   $(1) $(3)   $2
 $6
 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI to Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) Reclassified
from OCI to
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Income 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
(In millions)Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014   Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014   Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:               
Interest-rate contracts$(1) $(3) Net interest revenue $(1) $(3) Net interest revenue $1
 $3
Foreign exchange contracts92
 28
 Net interest revenue 
 
 Net interest revenue 2
 4
Total$91
 $25
   $(1) $(3)   $3
 $7

95


STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


Note 13. Offsetting Arrangements
 We manage credit and counterparty risk by entering into enforceable netting agreements and other collateral arrangements with counterparties to derivative contracts and secured financing transactions, including resale and repurchase agreements, and principal securities borrowing and lending agreements. These netting agreements mitigate our counterparty credit risk by providing for a single net settlement with a counterparty of all financial transactions covered by the agreement in an event of default as defined under such agreement. In limited cases, a netting agreement may also provide for the periodic netting of settlement payments with
respect to multiple different transaction types in the normal course of business. Refer to note 17 on pages 179 to 181 in the 2014 Form 10-K for information on offsetting arrangements and our related accounting policy.
As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the fair value of securities received as collateral where we are permitted to transfer or re-pledge the securities totaled $8.56 billion and $2.60 billion, respectively, and the fair value of the portion that had been transferred or re-pledged as of the same date was $6.54 billion and $125 million, respectively.

The following tables present information about the offsetting of assets related to derivative contracts and secured financing transactions, as of the dates indicated:
Assets: September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014
(In millions) 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets(1)
 
Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(2)
 Net Amounts of Assets Presented in Statement of Condition 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets(1)
 
Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(2)
 Net Amounts of Assets Presented in Statement of Condition
Derivatives:        
Foreign exchange contracts $10,734
 $(4,729) $6,005
 $15,135
 $(6,275) $8,860
Interest-rate contracts 232
 (9) 223
 77
 (21) 56
Equity derivative contracts 1
 (1) 
 
 
 
Other derivative contracts 4
 (3) 1
 2
 (1) 1
Cash collateral netting 
 (842) (842) 
 (983) (983)
Total derivatives $10,971
 $(5,584) $5,387
 $15,214
 $(7,280) $7,934
Other financial instruments:        
Resale agreements and securities borrowing(3)
 $67,065
 $(36,705) $30,360
 $47,488
 $(29,157) $18,331
Total derivatives and other financial instruments $78,036
 $(42,289) $35,747
 $62,702
 $(36,437) $26,265
(1) Amounts include all transactions regardless of whether or not they are subject to an enforceable netting arrangement.
(2) Amounts subject to netting arrangements which have been determined to be legally enforceable.
(3) Included in the $30,360 million as of September 30, 2015 were $9,155 million of resale agreements and $21,205 million of collateral provided related to securities borrowing. Included in the $18,331 million as of December 31, 2014 were $2,390 million of resale agreements and $15,941 million of collateral provided related to securities borrowing. Resale agreements and collateral provided related to securities borrowing were recorded in securities purchased under resale agreements and other assets, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition. Refer to note 7 for additional information with respect to principal securities finance transactions.

96


STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


  September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014
    
Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition(1)
     
Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition(1)
  
(In millions) Net Amount of Assets Presented in Statement of Condition Counterparty Netting Collateral Received 
Net Amount(2)
 Net Amount of Assets Presented in Statement of Condition Counterparty Netting Collateral Received 
Net Amount(2)
Derivatives $5,387
 $
 $(410) $4,977
 $7,934
 $
 $(1,490) $6,444
Resale agreements and securities borrowing 30,360
 (48) (29,780) 532
 18,331
 (128) (18,157) 46
Total $35,747
 $(48) $(30,190) $5,509
 $26,265
 $(128) $(19,647) $6,490
(1) Amounts subject to netting arrangements which have been determined to be legally enforceable.
(2) Includes amounts secured by collateral not determined to be subject to enforceable netting arrangements.
The following tables present information about the offsetting of liabilities related to derivative contracts and secured financing transactions, as of the dates indicated:
Liabilities: September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014
(In millions) 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities(1)
 
Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(2)
 Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in Statement of Condition 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities(1)
 
Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(2)
 Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in Statement of Condition
Derivatives:        
Foreign exchange contracts $10,297
 $(4,729) $5,568
 $14,925
 $(6,275) $8,650
Interest-rate contracts 207
 (9) 198
 239
 (20) 219
Equity derivative contracts 1
 (1) 
 
 
 
Other derivative contracts 104
 (3) 101
 70
 (1) 69
Cash collateral netting 
 (1,751) (1,751) 
 (2,630) (2,630)
Total derivatives $10,609
 $(6,493) $4,116
 $15,234
 $(8,926) $6,308
Other financial instruments:        
Repurchase agreements and securities lending(3)
 $48,002
 $(36,705) $11,297
 $44,562
 $(29,157) $15,405
Total derivatives and other financial instruments $58,611
 $(43,198) $15,413
 $59,796
 $(38,083) $21,713
(1) Amounts include all transactions regardless of whether or not they are subject to an enforceable netting arrangement.
(2) Amounts subject to netting arrangements which have been determined to be legally enforceable.
(3) Included in the $11,297 million as of September 30, 2015 were $7,760 million of repurchase agreements and $3,537 million of collateral received related to securities lending. Included in the $15,405 million as of December 31, 2014 were $8,925 million of repurchase agreements and $6,480 million of collateral received related to securities lending. Repurchase agreements and collateral received related to securities lending were recorded in securities sold under repurchase agreements and accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition. Refer to note 7 for additional information with respect to principal securities finance transactions.

97


STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


  September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014
    
Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition(1)
     
Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition(1)
  
(In millions) Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in Statement of Condition Counterparty Netting Collateral Provided 
Net Amount(2)
 Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in Statement of Condition Counterparty Netting Collateral Provided 
Net Amount(2)
Derivatives $4,116
 $
 $(58) $4,058
 $6,308
 $
 $(19) $6,289
Repurchase agreements and securities lending 11,297
 (48) (9,053) 2,196
 15,405
 (128) (13,872) 1,405
Total $15,413
 $(48) $(9,111) $6,254
 $21,713
 $(128) $(13,891) $7,694
(1) Amounts subject to netting arrangements which have been determined to be legally enforceable.
(2) Includes amounts secured by collateral not determined to be subject to enforceable netting arrangements.
The securities transferred under repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements typically are U.S. Treasury, agency and agency mortgage-backed securities. In our principal securities borrowing and lending arrangements, the securities transferred in exchange for the collateral are predominantly equity securities and some corporate debt securities. The fair value of the securities transferred may increase in value to an amount greater than the amount received
under our repurchase and securities lending arrangements, which exposes the Company with counterparty risk. We require the review of the price of the underlying securities in relation to the carrying value of the repurchase agreements and securities lending arrangements on a daily basis and when appropriate, adjust the cash or security to be obtained or returned to counterparties that is reflective of the required collateral levels.

The following table summarizes our repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions by category of collateral pledged and remaining maturity of these agreements as of September 30, 2015:
  September 30, 2015
  Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
(In millions) Overnight and Continuous Up to 30 days 30 – 90 days Total
Repurchase agreements        
US Treasury and agency securities $39,883
 $
 $
 $39,883
Non-US sovereign debt 
 178
 
 178
Total $39,883
 $178
 $
 $40,061
Securities lending transactions        
Equity securities 7,435
 
 506
 7,941
Total $7,435
 $
 $506
 $7,941
Gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase agreements and securities lending $47,318
 $178
 $506
 $48,002

98


STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


Note 14.    Net Interest Revenue
The following table presents the components of interest revenue and interest expense, and related net interest revenue, for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)2015 2014 2015 20142016 2015
Interest revenue:          
Deposits with banks$53
 $53
 $161
 $138
$43
 $54
Investment securities:          
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies178
 165
 537
 493
211
 183
State and political subdivisions57
 58
 173
 173
52
 58
Other investments227
 320
 733
 957
183
 259
Securities purchased under resale agreements18
 9
 45
 27
36
 11
Loans and leases79
 64
 229
 183
91
 74
Other interest-earning assets2
 2
 7
 5
13
 3
Total interest revenue614
 671
 1,885
 1,976
629
 642
Interest expense:          
Deposits28
 33
 67
 66
38
 26
Short-term borrowings1
 
 5
 4

 1
Long-term debt62
 60
 185
 186
61
 62
Other interest-bearing liabilities10
 8
 34
 34
18
 7
Total interest expense101
 101
 291
 290
117
 96
Net interest revenue$513
 $570
 $1,594
 $1,686
$512
 $546
Note 15.    Expenses
Acquisition and Restructuring Costs:
The following table presents net acquisition and restructuring costs recorded inthe components of other expenses for the periods indicated:
  Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) 2015 2014 2015 2014
Acquisition costs $7
 $12
 $15
 $48
Restructuring charges, net 3
 8
 4
 33
Total acquisition and restructuring costs $10
 $20
 $19
 $81
Acquisition Costs
Acquisition costs recorded in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 were related to previously disclosed acquisitions.
 Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)2016 2015
Insurance$22
 $37
Regulatory fees and assessments20
 34
Securities processing4
 20
Litigation
 150
Other66
 60
Total other expenses$112
 $301
Restructuring Charges
In the ninethree months ended September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, we recorded net restructuring charges of $4$97 million compareddue to $33State Street Beacon, consisting of approximately $86 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The amounts recorded mainly
of employee-related expenses and approximately $11 million of other restructuring costs.
related to our recently completed Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program.
Aggregate Restructuring-Related Accrual Activity
The following table presents aggregate activity associated with accruals that resulted from the charges associated with the recently completed Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program: 
(In millions)
Employee-
Related
Costs
 Real Estate Consolidation Asset and Other Write-Offs Total
Balance as of December 31, 2014$40
 $24
 $7
 $71
Additional accruals for Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation program(4) (4) 
 (8)
Additional accruals for 2012 expense control measures
 
 11
 11
Payments and adjustments(21) (8) (13) (42)
Balance as of September 30, 2015$15
 $12
 $5
 $32
Note 16.    Earnings Per Common Share
Basic earnings per share, or EPS is calculated pursuant to the “two-class” method, by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is calculated pursuant to the two-class method, by dividing net income available to common
shareholders by the total weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period plus the shares representing the dilutive effect of common stock options and other equity-based awards. The effect of common stock options and other equity-based awards is excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS in periods in which their effect would be anti-dilutive.
The two-class method requires the allocation of undistributed net income between common and participating shareholders. Net income available to common shareholders, presented separately in our consolidated statement of income, is the basis for the calculation of both basic and diluted EPS. Participating securities are composed of unvested restricted stock and fully vested deferred director stock awards, which are equity-based awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends, and are considered to participate with the common stock in undistributed earnings.


99


STATE STREET CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following tables presenttable presents the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)2015 2014
Net income$585
 $560
Less:   
Preferred stock dividends(42) (18)
Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities(1)

 
Net income available to common shareholders$543
 $542
Average common shares outstanding (in thousands):   
Basic average common shares406,612
 421,974
Effect of dilutive securities: common stock options and common stock awards5,555
 7,762
Diluted average common shares412,167
 429,736
Anti-dilutive securities(2)
619
 876
Earnings per Common Share:   
Basic$1.34
 $1.28
Diluted(3)
1.32
 1.26
Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)2015 20142016 2015
Net income$1,416
 $1,545
$368
 $405
Less:      
Preferred stock dividends(102) (43)(49) (31)
Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities(1)
(1) (2)
 (1)
Net income available to common shareholders$1,313
 $1,500
$319
 $373
Average common shares outstanding (in thousands):      
Basic average common shares409,816
 426,775
399,421
 412,225
Effect of dilutive securities: common stock options and common stock awards5,956
 7,735
4,194
 6,525
Diluted average common shares415,772
 434,510
403,615
 418,750
Anti-dilutive securities(2)
675
 1,502
3,920
 791
Earnings per Common Share:      
Basic$3.20
 $3.52
$.80
 $.90
Diluted(3)
3.16
 3.45
.79
 .89
  
(1) Represents the portion of net income available to common equity allocated to participating securities, composed of fully vested deferred director stock and unvested restricted stock that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to dividends paid to common shareholders.
(2) Represents common stock options and other equity-based awards outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted average common shares, because their effect was anti-dilutive.
(3) Calculations reflect allocation of earnings to participating securities using the two-class method, as this computation is more dilutive than the treasury stock method.




88


STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Note 17.    Line of Business Information
We have Our operations are organized for management reporting purposes into two lines of business: Investment Servicing and Investment Management.Management, which are defined based on products and services provided. The results of operations for these lines of business are not necessarily comparable with those of other companies, including companies in the financial services industry. InformationFor information about our two lines of business, as well as revenues, expenses and capital allocation methodologies associated with
them, is provided in noterefer to Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements includedon pages 188 to 189 in the 2014our 2015 Form 10-K.
The following is a summary of our line-of-business results for the periods indicated. The “Other” column represents costs incurred that are not allocated to a specific line of business, including certain severance and restructuring costs, acquisition costs and certain provisions for legal contingencies.


100


STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


Three Months Ended September 30,
Investment
Servicing
Investment
Management
 Other TotalThree Months Ended March 31,
2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 Other Total
(Dollars in millions,
except where otherwise noted)
               2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015
Servicing fees$1,294
 $1,302
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $1,294
 $1,302
$1,242
 $1,268
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $1,242
 $1,268
Management fees
 
 287
 316
 
 
 287
 316

 
 270
 301
 
 
 270
 301
Trading services283
 266
 11
 12
 
 
 294
 278
262
 315
 10
 9
 
 
 272
 324
Securities finance113
 99
 
 
 
 
 113
 99
134
 101
 
 
 
 
 134
 101
Processing fees and other131
 25
 (11) (8) 
 
 120
 17
45
 59
 7
 2
 
 
 52
 61
Total fee revenue1,821
 1,692
 287
 320
 
 
 2,108
 2,012
1,683
 1,743
 287
 312
 
 
 1,970
 2,055
Net interest revenue514
 566
 (1) 4
 
 
 513
 570
511
 545
 1
 1
 
 
 512
 546
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net(2) 
 
 
 
 
 (2) 
2
 (1) 
 
 
 
 2
 (1)
Total revenue2,333
 2,258
 286
 324
 
 
 2,619
 2,582
2,196
 2,287
 288
 313
 
 
 2,484
 2,600
Provision for loan losses5
 2
 
 
 
 
 5
 2
4
 4
 
 
 
 
 4
 4
Total expenses1,673
 1,642
 204
 236
 85
 14
 1,962
 1,892
1,687
 1,836
 256
 256
 107
 5
 2,050
 2,097
Income before income tax expense$655
 $614
 $82
 $88
 $(85) $(14) $652
 $688
$505
 $447
 $32
 $57
 $(107) $(5) $430
 $499
Pre-tax margin28% 27% 29% 27%     25% 27%23% 20% 11% 18%     17% 19%
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
Investment
Servicing
Investment
Management
OtherTotal
 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014
(Dollars in millions,
except where otherwise noted)
               
Servicing fees$3,892
 $3,828
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $3,892
 $3,828
Management fees
 
 892
 908
 
 
 892
 908
Trading services869
 756
 30
 35
 
 
 899
 791
Securities finance369
 331
 
 
 
 
 369
 331
Processing fees and other212
 122
 (14) (5) 
 
 198
 117
Total fee revenue5,342
 5,037
 908
 938
 
 
 6,250
 5,975
Net interest revenue1,593
 1,675
 1
 11
 
 
 1,594
 1,686
Gains (losses) related to investment securities, net(6) 4
 
 
 
 
 (6) 4
Total revenue6,929
 6,716
 909
 949
 
 
 7,838
 7,665
Provision for loan losses11
 6
 
 
 
 
 11
 6
Total expenses5,389
 4,907
 711
 706
 93
 157
 6,193
 5,770
Income before income tax expense$1,529
 $1,803
 $198
 $243
 $(93) $(157) $1,634
 $1,889
Pre-tax margin22% 27% 22% 26%     21% 25%



101


STATE STREET CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 18.    Non-U.S. Activities
We generally define our non-U.S. activities as those revenue-producing business activities that arise from clients domiciled outside the U.S. Due to the integrated nature of our business, precise segregation of our U.S. and non-U.S. activities is not possible. Subjective estimates, assumptions and other judgments are applied to quantify the financial
 
results and assets related to our non-U.S. activities, including our application of funds transfer pricing, our asset-and-liability management policies and our allocation of certain indirect corporate expenses. Management periodically reviews and updates its processes for quantifying the financial results and assets related to our non-U.S. activities.

The following table presents our U.S. and non-U.S. financial results for the periods indicated.indicated:
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Three Months Ended September 30, 2014
(In millions)Non-U.S. U.S. Total Non-U.S. U.S. Total
Total revenue$1,173
 $1,446
 $2,619
 $1,181
 $1,401
 $2,582
Income before income taxes341
 311
 652
 385
 303
 688
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
(In millions)Non-U.S. U.S. Total Non-U.S. U.S. Total
Total revenue$3,470
 $4,368
 7,838
 $3,454
 $4,211
 $7,665
Income before income taxes1,033
 601
 1,634
 987
 902
 1,889
Non-U.S
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
(In millions)Non-U.S. U.S. Total Non-U.S. U.S. Total
Total revenue$1,025
 $1,459
 $2,484
 $1,147
 $1,453
 $2,600
Income before income taxes176
 254
 430
 342
 157
 499
Non-U.S. assets were $63.3$81.6 billion and $57.9$67.7 billion as of September 30,March 31, 2016 and 2015, and 2014, respectively.

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REVIEW REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Shareholders and Board of Directors of
State Street Corporation
We have reviewed the consolidated statement of condition of State Street Corporation (the “Corporation”) as of September 30, 2015,March 31, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of income, and comprehensive income, for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, and changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows for the nine-monththree-month periods ended September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and 2014.2015. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Corporation's management.
We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the condensed consolidated financial statements referred to above for them to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated statement of condition of State Street Corporation as of December 31, 2014,2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, not presented herein and we expressed an unqualified audit opinion on those consolidated financial statements in our report dated February 20, 2015.19, 2016. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated statement of condition of theState Street Corporation as of December 31, 2014,2015, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated statement of condition from which it has been derived.



/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
NovemberMay 6, 20152016


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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 2.     UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
(c) In March 2015, our Board of Directors approved a new common stock purchase program authorizing the purchase by us of up to $1.8 billion of our common stock from April 1, 2015 through June 30, 2016.
Stock purchases may be made using various types of mechanisms, including open market purchases or transactions off market, and may be made under Rule 10b5-1 trading programs. The timing of stock purchases, types of transactions and
 
number of shares purchased will depend on several factors, including, market conditions and State Street’s capital positions, its financial performance and investment opportunities. The common stock purchase program does not have specific price targets and may be suspended at any time.
The following table presents purchases of our common stock under this program and related information for each of the months in the quarter ended September 30, 2015March 31, 2016. We may employ third-party broker/dealers to acquire shares on the open market in connection with our common stock purchase programs.

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, shares in thousands) Total Number of Shares Purchased Under Publicly Announced Program Average Price Paid Per Share Approximate Dollar Value of Shares Purchased Under Publicly Announced Program Approximate Dollar Value of Shares Yet to be Purchased Under Publicly Announced Program  Total Number of Shares Purchased Under Publicly Announced Program Average Price Paid Per Share Approximate Dollar Value of Shares Purchased Under Publicly Announced Program
Period:               
July 1 - July 31, 2015 
 $
 $
 $1,450
 
August 1 - August 31, 2015 2,366
 74.00
 175
 1,275
 
September 1 - September 30, 2015 2,467
 70.91
 175
 1,100

January 1 - January 31, 2016 
 $
 $
February 1 - February 29, 2016 309
 55.03
 17
March 1 - March 31, 2016 5,306
 58.04
 308
Total 4,833
 $72.43
 $350
 $1,100
  5,615
 $57.88
 $325
ITEM 6.    EXHIBITS
The exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this Form 10-Q are filed herewith or are incorporated herein by reference to other SEC filings.

10491





SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized. 
     STATE STREET CORPORATION
     (Registrant)
      
      
Date:NovemberMay 6, 20152016 By: 
/s/ MICHAEL W. BELL
     Michael W. Bell,
     Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
      
      
Date:NovemberMay 6, 20152016 By: 
/s/ SEAN P. NEWTH
     Sean P. Newth,
     Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)
      



10592








EXHIBIT INDEX
 
*3.23.1 By-LawsRestated Articles of Organization, as amended
4.1Deposit Agreement dated April 11, 2016, among State Street Corporation, as amendedAmerican Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (as depositary), and restated through October 15, 2015the holders from time to time of depositary receipts (filed as Exhibit 3.24.1 to State Street's current reportCurrent Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-07511), filed with the SEC on October 20, 2015April 11, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference)
    
*4.110.1† (Note: none of the instruments defining the rights of the holders of State Street's outstanding long-term debt are in respect of indebtedness in excess of 10% of the total assets ofTransition Agreement dated April 5, 2016 by and between State Street Bank and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. State Street agrees to furnish to the SEC upon request, a copy of any such instrument with respect to long-term debt of State StreetTrust Company and its subsidiaries.)Michael W. Bell
    
 12 Statement of Ratios of earningsEarnings to fixed chargesFixed Charges
    
 15 Letter regarding unaudited interim financial information
    
 31.1 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
    
 31.2 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer
    
 32 Section 1350 Certifications
    
*101.INS XBRL Instance Document
    
*101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
    
*101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
    
*101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
    
*101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
    
*101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document

    
Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
* Submitted electronically herewith
Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) consolidated statement of income for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2016 and 2015 and 2014,, (ii) consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2016 and 2015, and 2014, (iii) consolidated statement of condition as of September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014,2015, (iv) consolidated statement of changes in shareholders' equity for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2016 and 2015, and 2014, (v) consolidated statement of cash flows for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2016 and 2015 and 2014,, and (vi) condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.


10693