UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 1-1169

THE TIMKEN COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Ohio		34-0577130
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4500 Mount Pleasant Street NW
North Canton	Ohio	44720-5450
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

234.262.3000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Shares, without par value

TKR

The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common shares, as of the latest practicable date.

Class

Outstanding at March 31, ~~2022~~2023

Common Shares, without par value

~~74,130,549~~72,395,215 shares

Table of Contents

THE TIMKEN COMPANY

INDEX TO FORM 10-Q REPORT


			PAGE
I.	PART I.
	Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2025
	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	3642
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	3642
II.	PART II.
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	3743
	Item1A.	Risk Factors	3743
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	3743
	Item 6.	Exhibits	3844

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THE TIMKEN COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income

(Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022		2021				2023		2022
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)	(Dollars in millions, except per share data)					(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Net sales	Net sales	$	1,124.6	$	1,025.4	Net sales		$	1,262.8	$	1,124.6
Cost of products sold	Cost of products sold	797.2		726.2		Cost of products sold		846.0		786.3
Gross Profit		327.4		299.2

Selling, general and administrative expenses	Selling, general and administrative expenses	154.1		144.5		Selling, general and administrative expenses		186.8		154.1

Amortization of intangible assets						Amortization of intangible assets		13.5		10.9
Impairment and restructuring charges	Impairment and restructuring charges	1.0		4.0		Impairment and restructuring charges		28.9		1.0

Operating Income	Operating Income	172.3		150.7		Operating Income		187.6		172.3
Interest expense	Interest expense	(14.3)		(14.9)		Interest expense		(24.1)		(14.3)
Interest income	Interest income	0.6		0.5		Interest income		1.5		0.6

Non-service pension and other postretirement income	Non-service pension and other postretirement income	1.3		4.0		Non-service pension and other postretirement income		0.1		1.3
Other income, net	Other income, net	0.2		1.0		Other income, net		3.1		0.2
Income Before Income Taxes	Income Before Income Taxes	160.1		141.3		Income Before Income Taxes		168.2		160.1
Provision for income taxes	Provision for income taxes	38.2		25.3		Provision for income taxes		42.5		38.2
Net Income	Net Income	121.9		116.0		Net Income		125.7		121.9
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	3.7		2.7		Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		3.4		3.7
Net Income Attributable to The Timken Company	Net Income Attributable to The Timken Company	$	118.2	$	113.3	Net Income Attributable to The Timken Company		$	122.3	$	118.2

Net Income per Common Share Attributable to The Timken Company Common Shareholders	Net Income per Common Share Attributable to The Timken Company Common Shareholders					Net Income per Common Share Attributable to The Timken Company Common Shareholders
Basic earnings per share	Basic earnings per share	$	1.58	$	1.49	Basic earnings per share		$	1.69	$	1.58

Diluted earnings per share	Diluted earnings per share	$	1.56	$	1.47	Diluted earnings per share		$	1.67	$	1.56

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022		2021				2023		2022
(Dollars in millions)	(Dollars in millions)					(Dollars in millions)
Net Income	Net Income	$	121.9	$	116.0	Net Income		$	125.7	$	121.9
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:						Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	Foreign currency translation adjustments	(22.6)		(44.4)		Foreign currency translation adjustments		27.7		(22.6)
Pension and postretirement liability adjustments	Pension and postretirement liability adjustments	(1.5)		(1.6)		Pension and postretirement liability adjustments		(1.5)		(1.5)

Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments	Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments	2.0		2.2		Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments		(0.8)		2.0
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		(22.1)		(43.8)
Comprehensive Income, net of tax		99.8		72.2
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax						Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		25.4		(22.1)
Comprehensive income, net of tax						Comprehensive income, net of tax		151.1		99.8
Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest	Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest	1.1		2.3		Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest		3.7		1.1
Comprehensive Income Attributable to The Timken Company		$	98.7	$	69.9
Comprehensive income attributable to The Timken Company						Comprehensive income attributable to The Timken Company		$	147.4	$	98.7

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

Consolidated Balance Sheets


		(Unaudited)					(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)	(Dollars in millions)	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		(Dollars in millions)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
ASSETS	ASSETS					ASSETS
Current Assets	Current Assets					Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	424.5	$	257.1	Cash and cash equivalents	$	330.5	$	331.6
Restricted cash	Restricted cash	0.7		0.8		Restricted cash	8.6		9.1
Accounts receivable, less allowances (2022 – $17.5 million; 2021 – $16.9 million)		743.9		626.4
Accounts receivable, less allowances (2023 – $17.6 million; 2022 – $17.9 million)						Accounts receivable, less allowances (2023 – $17.6 million; 2022 – $17.9 million)	758.1		699.6
Unbilled receivables	Unbilled receivables	88.5		104.5		Unbilled receivables	115.1		103.9
Inventories, net	Inventories, net	1,112.6		1,042.7		Inventories, net	1,209.4		1,191.3
Deferred charges and prepaid expenses	Deferred charges and prepaid expenses	41.0		32.2		Deferred charges and prepaid expenses	47.8		44.4
Other current assets	Other current assets	137.1		149.8		Other current assets	122.8		124.1

Total Current Assets	Total Current Assets	2,548.3		2,213.5		Total Current Assets	2,592.3		2,504.0
Property, Plant and Equipment, net	Property, Plant and Equipment, net	1,039.9		1,055.3		Property, Plant and Equipment, net	1,228.5		1,207.4
Other Assets	Other Assets					Other Assets
Goodwill	Goodwill	1,010.4		1,022.7		Goodwill	1,075.8		1,098.3
Other intangible assets	Other intangible assets	648.6		668.8		Other intangible assets	755.3		765.3
Operating lease assets	Operating lease assets	116.7		118.9		Operating lease assets	108.2		101.4

Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	65.2		67.6		Deferred income taxes	67.2		71.0
Other non-current assets	Other non-current assets	29.4		23.9		Other non-current assets	25.7		25.0

Total Other Assets	Total Other Assets	1,870.3		1,901.9		Total Other Assets	2,032.2		2,061.0
Total Assets	Total Assets	$	5,458.5	$	5,170.7	Total Assets	$	5,853.0	$	5,772.4
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY	LIABILITIES AND EQUITY					LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current Liabilities	Current Liabilities					Current Liabilities

Accounts payable, trade	Accounts payable, trade	416.1		430.0		Accounts payable, trade	390.5		403.9
Short-term debt, including current portion of long-term debt	Short-term debt, including current portion of long-term debt	41.0		53.8		Short-term debt, including current portion of long-term debt	48.6		49.0
Salaries, wages and benefits	Salaries, wages and benefits	118.3		136.0		Salaries, wages and benefits	131.9		155.3
Income taxes payable	Income taxes payable	30.0		26.2		Income taxes payable	31.9		51.3

Other current liabilities	Other current liabilities	260.8		250.6		Other current liabilities	337.1		352.9

Total Current Liabilities	Total Current Liabilities	866.2		896.6		Total Current Liabilities	940.0		1,012.4
Non-Current Liabilities	Non-Current Liabilities					Non-Current Liabilities
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	1,747.2		1,411.1		Long-term debt	1,978.8		1,914.2
Accrued pension benefits	Accrued pension benefits	156.5		155.6		Accrued pension benefits	160.1		160.3
Accrued postretirement benefits	Accrued postretirement benefits	45.3		45.8		Accrued postretirement benefits	31.5		31.4
Long-term operating lease liabilities	Long-term operating lease liabilities	76.5		77.6		Long-term operating lease liabilities	67.6		65.2
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	121.9		121.4		Deferred income taxes	138.0		139.8
Other non-current liabilities	Other non-current liabilities	89.9		84.9		Other non-current liabilities	100.7		96.2

Total Non-Current Liabilities	Total Non-Current Liabilities	2,237.3		1,896.4		Total Non-Current Liabilities	2,476.7		2,407.1
Shareholders’ Equity	Shareholders’ Equity					Shareholders’ Equity
Class I and II Serial Preferred Stock, without par value:	Class I and II Serial Preferred Stock, without par value:					Class I and II Serial Preferred Stock, without par value:
Authorized – 10,000,000 shares each class, none issued	Authorized – 10,000,000 shares each class, none issued	—		—		Authorized – 10,000,000 shares each class, none issued	—		—
Common shares, without par value:	Common shares, without par value:					Common shares, without par value:
Authorized – 200,000,000 shares	Authorized – 200,000,000 shares					Authorized – 200,000,000 shares
Issued (including shares in treasury) (2022 – 77,457,218 shares; 2021 – 77,090,104 shares)
Issued (including shares in treasury) (2023 – 78,417,035 shares; 2022 – 77,767,640 shares)						Issued (including shares in treasury) (2023 – 78,417,035 shares; 2022 – 77,767,640 shares)
Stated capital	Stated capital	40.7		40.7		Stated capital	40.7		40.7
Other paid-in capital	Other paid-in capital	795.4		786.9		Other paid-in capital	853.3		829.6
Retained earnings	Retained earnings	1,711.1		1,616.4		Retained earnings	2,030.8		1,932.1
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(42.5)		(23.0)		Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(156.8)		(181.9)
Treasury shares at cost (2022 – 3,326,669 shares; 2021 – 1,715,282 shares)		(233.6)		(126.1)
Treasury shares at cost (2023 – 6,021,820 shares; 2022 – 5,188,257 shares)						Treasury shares at cost (2023 – 6,021,820 shares; 2022 – 5,188,257 shares)	(420.0)		(352.2)
Total Shareholders’ Equity	Total Shareholders’ Equity	2,271.1		2,294.9		Total Shareholders’ Equity	2,348.0		2,268.3
Noncontrolling Interest	Noncontrolling Interest	83.9		82.8		Noncontrolling Interest	88.3		84.6
Total Equity	Total Equity	2,355.0		2,377.7		Total Equity	2,436.3		2,352.9
Total Liabilities and Equity	Total Liabilities and Equity	$	5,458.5	$	5,170.7	Total Liabilities and Equity	$	5,853.0	$	5,772.4

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022		2021			2023		2022
(Dollars in millions)	(Dollars in millions)					(Dollars in millions)
CASH PROVIDED (USED)	CASH PROVIDED (USED)					CASH PROVIDED (USED)
Operating Activities	Operating Activities					Operating Activities
Net income	Net income	$	121.9	$	116.0	Net income	$	125.7	$	121.9
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:					Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	41.4		43.0		Depreciation and amortization	45.6		41.4
Impairment charges	Impairment charges	—		3.4		Impairment charges	28.3		—
Loss on sale of assets	Loss on sale of assets	0.6		0.3		Loss on sale of assets	0.2		0.6

Gain on divestitures						Gain on divestitures	(4.0)		—

Acquisition-related gain		—		(0.6)
Deferred income tax provision (benefit)		1.8		(2.0)
Deferred income tax provision						Deferred income tax provision	2.8		1.8
Stock-based compensation expense	Stock-based compensation expense	7.1		6.5		Stock-based compensation expense	11.0		7.1
Pension and other postretirement benefit expense (income)		1.0		(1.0)
Pension and other postretirement expense						Pension and other postretirement expense	0.4		1.0
Pension and other postretirement benefit contributions and payments	Pension and other postretirement benefit contributions and payments	(5.2)		(2.5)		Pension and other postretirement benefit contributions and payments	(4.8)		(5.2)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:	Changes in operating assets and liabilities:					Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	Accounts receivable	(118.2)		(138.9)		Accounts receivable	(50.3)		(118.2)
Unbilled receivables	Unbilled receivables	16.1		(2.5)		Unbilled receivables	(11.1)		16.1
Inventories	Inventories	(70.2)		(33.3)		Inventories	6.1		(70.2)
Accounts payable, trade	Accounts payable, trade	7.7		19.9		Accounts payable, trade	(9.4)		7.7
Other accrued expenses	Other accrued expenses	(19.5)		17.0		Other accrued expenses	(44.8)		(19.5)
Income taxes	Income taxes	6.3		3.6		Income taxes	(15.0)		6.3
Other, net	Other, net	8.0		2.8		Other, net	(2.1)		8.0

Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Operating Activities		(1.2)		31.7
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities						Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities	78.6		(1.2)
Investing Activities	Investing Activities					Investing Activities
Capital expenditures	Capital expenditures	(34.3)		(29.4)		Capital expenditures	(41.7)		(34.3)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired						Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(29.2)		—

Proceeds from divestitures, net of cash divested						Proceeds from divestitures, net of cash divested	5.7		—
Investments in short-term marketable securities, net	Investments in short-term marketable securities, net	(0.8)		(9.9)		Investments in short-term marketable securities, net	0.8		(0.8)
Other, net	Other, net	0.1		(0.1)		Other, net	(0.1)		0.1

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	(35.0)		(39.4)		Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	(64.5)		(35.0)
Financing Activities	Financing Activities					Financing Activities
Cash dividends paid to shareholders	Cash dividends paid to shareholders	(23.5)		(23.8)		Cash dividends paid to shareholders	(23.6)		(23.5)
Purchase of treasury shares	Purchase of treasury shares	(100.0)		(26.3)		Purchase of treasury shares	(54.0)		(100.0)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	Proceeds from exercise of stock options	1.4		14.1		Proceeds from exercise of stock options	12.7		1.4
Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation	Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation	(7.5)		(17.8)		Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation	(13.8)		(7.5)
Borrowings on accounts receivable facility	Borrowings on accounts receivable facility	100.0		66.1		Borrowings on accounts receivable facility	29.0		100.0
Payments on accounts receivable facility	Payments on accounts receivable facility	(100.0)		(24.1)		Payments on accounts receivable facility	(14.0)		(100.0)
Proceeds from long-term debt	Proceeds from long-term debt	524.3		70.0		Proceeds from long-term debt	137.0		524.3
Payments on long-term debt	Payments on long-term debt	(182.7)		(73.4)		Payments on long-term debt	(82.7)		(182.7)
Deferred financing costs	Deferred financing costs	(2.6)		—		Deferred financing costs	—		(2.6)
Short-term debt activity, net	Short-term debt activity, net	(11.1)		8.8		Short-term debt activity, net	(8.1)		(11.1)

Other	Other	6.4		—		Other	—		6.4

Net Cash Provided By (Used in) Financing Activities		204.7		(6.4)
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities						Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities	(17.5)		204.7
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(1.2)		(3.9)		Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	1.8		(1.2)
Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash		167.3		(18.0)
(Decrease) Increase in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash						(Decrease) Increase in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	(1.6)		167.3
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	257.9		321.1		Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	340.7		257.9
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of Period	Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of Period	$	425.2	$	303.1	Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of Period	$	339.1	$	425.2

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) for The Timken Company (the "Company" or "Timken") have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and do not include all of the information and notes required by the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) and disclosures considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. For further information, refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

The Company previously classified intangible asset amortization expense within cost of products sold in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. Intangible asset amortization expense is now classified separately. The 2022 presentation has been revised to conform to the 2023 presentation resulting in a reduction in the cost of products sold for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies

The Company's significant accounting policies are detailed in "Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies" of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements:

New Accounting Guidance Adopted:

In ~~October 2021,~~September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") ~~ASU 2021-08, "Business Combinations (Topic 805), Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers.~~2022-04, "Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50)." ASU ~~2021-08 requires contract assets~~2022-04 is intended to establish disclosures that enhance the transparency of a supplier finance program used by an entity in connection with the purchase of goods and ~~contract liabilities acquired~~services. Supplier finance programs, which also may be referred to as reverse factoring, payables finance or structured payables arrangements, allow a buyer to offer its suppliers the option for access to payment in advance of an invoice due date, which is paid by a third-party finance provider or intermediary. Under the guidance, a buyer in a ~~business combination to be recognized in accordance with ASC Topic 606 as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. This~~supplier finance program would disclose qualitative and quantitative information about its supplier finance programs. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal ~~years.~~years, except for the amendment on rollforward information, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. ~~The Company adopted ASU 2021-08 effective January 1, 2022, and~~ Refer to Note 12 - Supply Chain Financing inthe ~~impact of the adoption was not material~~Notes to the ~~Company's results of operations and financial condition.~~Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

~~New Accounting Guidance Issued and Not Yet Adopted:~~

In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-10, "Government Assistance (Topic 832)." ASU 2021-10 is intended to increase transparency of government assistance by requiring entities to disclose the types of government assistance, the entity's accounting for government assistance, and the effect of the government assistance on an entity's financial statements. This new guidance is effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its disclosures.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting." ASU 2020-04 is intended to provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the U.S. GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burden related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. This guidance is available immediately and may be implemented in any period prior to the guidance expiration on December 31, 2022. The Company is currently assessing which of its various contracts will require an update for a new reference rate and will determine the timing for implementation of this guidance after completing that analysis.

Table of Contents

Note 3 - ~~Revenue~~Acquisitions and Divestitures

Acquisitions:

On January 31, 2023, the Company acquired the assets of American Roller Bearing Company ("ARB"), a North Carolina-based manufacturer of industrial bearings. ARB, which boasts a large U.S. installed base and strong aftermarket business, operates manufacturing facilities in Hiddenite and Morganton, North Carolina. The total purchase price for this acquisition was $32.0 million, including $0.5 million of the purchase price that was held back for the post-closing settlement of working capital. ARB generated sales of approximately $35 million in 2022 and the transaction was funded with cash on hand. Results for ARB are reported in the Engineered Bearings segment.

The following table presents ~~details deemed most relevant to~~ the ~~users of the financial statements about total revenue~~purchase price allocation at fair value for the ~~three months ended~~ARB acquisition as of March 31, ~~2022 and 2021, respectively:~~

Three Months Ended Three Months Ended
March 31, 2022 March 31, 2021
Mobile Process Total Mobile Process Total
United States $ 262.2 $ 226.6 $ 488.8 $ 242.9 $ 186.2 $ 429.1
Americas excluding the United States 58.1 55.1 113.2 48.8 43.2 92.0
Europe / Middle East / Africa 129.4 135.6 265.0 127.1 127.2 254.3
China 30.7 120.7 151.4 34.4 124.3 158.7
Asia-Pacific excluding China 60.0 46.2 106.2 51.3 40.0 91.3
Net sales $ 540.4 $ 584.2 $ 1,124.6 $ 504.5 $ 520.9 $ 1,025.4

When reviewing revenue by sales channel, the Company separates net sales to original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs") from sales to distributors and end users. The following table presents the percent of revenue by sales channel for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively:

Three Months Ended Three Months Ended
Revenue by sales channel March 31, 2022 March 31, 2021
Original equipment manufacturers 60% 61%
Distribution/end users 40% 39%

In addition to disaggregating revenue by segment, geography and by sales channel as shown above, the Company believes information about the timing of transfer of goods or services, type of customer and distinguishing service revenue from product sales is also relevant. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, approximately 9% ~~of total net sales were recognized on an over-time basis because of the continuous transfer of control to the customer, with the remainder recognized as of a point in time. Approximately~~ 5% and 4% of total net sales represented service revenue during each of the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively. Finally, business with the United States ("U.S.") government or its contractors represented approximately 7% ~~of total net sales during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021.~~

~~Remaining Performance Obligations:~~

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of orders meeting the definition of a contract for which work has not been performed and excludes unexercised contract options. Performance obligations having a duration of more than one year are concentrated in contracts for certain products and services provided to the U.S. government or its contractors. The aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations for such contracts with a duration of more than one year was approximately $213.1 million a~~t March 31, 2022.~~

~~Unbilled Receivables:~~

~~The following table contains a rollforward of unbilled receivables for the three months ended March 31, 2022:~~2023.


	~~March 31,~~Initial Purchase ~~2022~~
~~Beginning balance, January 1~~	$	~~104.5~~Price Allocation
~~Additional unbilled revenue recognized~~Assets:	~~105.5~~
~~Less: amounts billed to customers~~	~~(121.5)~~

~~Ending balance~~Accounts receivable	$	~~88.5~~4.7
Inventories	19.2
Other current assets	0.6
Property, plant and equipment	12.8


Other intangible assets	0.1

Total assets acquired	$	37.4
Liabilities:
Accounts payable, trade	$	2.8
Salaries, wages and benefits	0.1

Other current liabilities	3.0






Total liabilities assumed	$	5.9
Net assets acquired	$	31.5

~~There~~In determining the fair value of the amounts above, the Company utilized various forms of the income, cost and market approaches depending on the asset or liability being valued. The estimation of fair value required judgement related to future net cash flows, discount rates, competitive trends, market comparisons and other factors. Inputs were generally determined by taking into account independent appraisals and historical data, supplemented by current and anticipated market conditions.

The amounts in the table above represent the preliminary purchase price allocation for ARB. This purchase price allocation, including the residual amount allocated to goodwill or the recognition of a bargain purchase price gain, is based on preliminary information and is subject to change as additional information concerning final asset and liability valuations are obtained and management completes its reassessment of the measurement period procedures based on the results of the preliminary valuation. As of March 31, 2023, no ~~impairment losses recorded~~elements of the purchase price allocation have been finalized. During the applicable measurement period, the Company will adjust assets and liabilities if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have resulted in revised estimated values of those assets or liabilities as of that date. The effect of measurement period adjustments to the estimated fair values will be reflected as if the adjustments has been completed on ~~unbilled receivables~~the acquisition date.

On November 4, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of GGB Bearing Technology ("GGB"), a global technology and market leader of premium engineered metal-polymer plain bearings, for $302.5 million, net of cash acquired of $19.2 million, subject to customary post-closing adjustments. GGB's revenue was approximately $200 million for the ~~three months ended March~~full year 2022. GGB's products are used mainly in industrial applications, including pumps and compressors, HVAC, off-highway, energy, material handling and aerospace. With manufacturing facilities across the United States, Europe and China, GGB employs approximately 900 people and has a global engineering, distribution and sales footprint. Results for GGB are reported in the Engineered Bearings segment.

On May 31, ~~2022.~~2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Spinea, s.r.o. ("Spinea"), a European technology leader and manufacturer of highly engineered cycloidal reduction gears and actuators, with full year 2022 sales of approximately $40 million. Spinea’s solutions primarily serve high-precision automation and robotics applications in the factory automation platform. Spinea is located in Presov, Slovakia. The purchase price for this acquisition was $151.2 million, net of cash acquired of $0.2 million, subject to customary post-closing adjustments. Results for Spinea are reported in the Industrial Motion segment.

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Note 3 - Acquisitions and Divestitures (continued)

The following table presents the updated purchase price allocation at fair value, net of cash acquired, for the 2022 acquisitions, as of March 31, 2023:


	Initial Purchase Price Allocation		Adjustments		Updated Purchase Price Allocation
Assets:

Accounts receivable	$	30.6	$	—	$	30.6
Inventories	52.3		(0.6)		51.7
Other current assets	7.6		—		7.6
Property, plant and equipment	153.6		(3.5)		150.1

Goodwill	106.9		(2.4)		104.5
Other intangible assets	182.6		(0.8)		181.8
Other assets	12.1		3.5		15.6
Total assets acquired	$	545.7	$	(3.8)	$	541.9
Liabilities:
Accounts payable, trade	$	16.8	$	(0.5)	$	16.3
Salaries, wages and benefits	11.8		—		11.8
Income taxes payable	3.2		—		3.2
Other current liabilities	7.0		(1.0)		6.0


Accrued pension benefits	3.2		—		3.2

Deferred income taxes	30.0		—		30.0
Other non-current liabilities	20.0		—		20.0
Total liabilities assumed	$	92.0	$	(1.5)	$	90.5
Net assets acquired	$	453.7	$	(2.3)	$	451.4

The above purchase price allocation, including the residual amount allocated to goodwill, is based on preliminary information and is subject to change as additional information concerning final asset and liability valuations is obtained. The purchase price allocation for Spinea is preliminary pending the continued evaluation of operating leases, which is expected to be finalized during the second quarter of 2023. The purchase price allocation for GGB is preliminary pending the continued evaluation of certain working capital accounts, real estate and other intangible assets, as well the related impacts on deferred income taxes. During the measurement period, the Company will adjust assets and liabilities if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have resulted in revised estimated values of those assets or liabilities as of that date. The effect of measurement period adjustments to the estimated fair values will be reflected as if the adjustments had been completed on the acquisition date.

On April 4, 2023, the Company acquired Leonardo Top S.a.r.l. ("Nadella"), a leading European manufacturer of linear guides, telescopic rails, actuators and systems and other specialized industrial motion solutions, from ICG plc. Nadella operates manufacturing facilities in Europe and China and reported revenue of approximately €100 million in 2022.

Divestitures:

On February 28, 2023, the Company completed the sale of all of its membership interests in S.E. Setco Services Company, LLC ("SE Setco"), a 50% owned joint venture. The Company had accounted for SE Setco as an equity method investment prior to the sale. The Company received $5.7 million in cash proceeds for SE Setco and recognized a pretax gain of $4.8 million on the sale. The gain was reflected in other income, net in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

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Note 4 - Segment Information

The primary measurement used by management to measure the financial performance of each segment is earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA").

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2022 2021
Net sales:
Mobile Industries $ 540.4 $ 504.5
Process Industries 584.2 520.9
Net sales $ 1,124.6 $ 1,025.4
Segment EBITDA:
Mobile Industries $ 75.1 $ 79.6
Process Industries 155.6 131.0
Total EBITDA, for reportable segments $ 230.7 $ 210.6
Unallocated corporate expense (12.9) (11.6)
Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related expense (1)
(2.6) (0.9)
Acquisition-related gain (2)
— 0.6
Depreciation and amortization (41.4) (43.0)
Interest expense (14.3) (14.9)
Interest income 0.6 0.5
Income before income taxes $ 160.1 $ 141.3
Effective January 1, 2023, the Company began operating under new reportable segments. The Company’s two reportable segments are Engineered Bearings and Industrial Motion. Segment results for 2022 have been revised to conform to the 2023 presentation of segments.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
Net sales:
Engineered Bearings		$	900.7	$	772.4
Industrial Motion		362.1		352.2
Net sales		$	1,262.8	$	1,124.6
Segment EBITDA:
Engineered Bearings		$	205.0	$	168.3
Industrial Motion		48.2		62.4
Total EBITDA, for reportable segments		$	253.2	$	230.7
Unallocated corporate expense		(17.7)		(12.9)
Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related income (expense) (1)		0.9		(2.6)

Depreciation and amortization		(45.6)		(41.4)
Interest expense		(24.1)		(14.3)
Interest income		1.5		0.6
Income before income taxes		$	168.2	$	160.1

(1) Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related expense represents actuarial (losses) and gains that resulted from the remeasurement of pension and other postretirement plan assets and obligations as a result of changes in assumptions or experience.


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets by Segment:
Engineered Bearings	$	3,384.3	$	3,270.3
Industrial Motion	2,044.4		2,070.1
Corporate (2)	424.3		432.0
	$	5,853.0	$	5,772.4

(2) Corporate assets include corporate buildings and cash and cash equivalents.

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Note 5 - Revenue

The ~~acquisition-related gain represents measurement period adjustments~~following table presents details deemed most relevant to the ~~bargain purchase gain~~users of the financial statements about total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2023						March 31, 2022
	Engineered Bearings		Industrial Motion		Total		Engineered Bearings		Industrial Motion		Total
United States	$	340.9	$	194.3	$	535.2	$	289.8	$	198.8	$	488.6
Americas excluding the United States	92.2		27.9		120.1		92.4		20.8		113.2
Europe / Middle East / Africa	183.9		113.8		297.7		162.6		102.5		265.1
China	158.4		16.3		174.7		129.3		22.1		151.4
Asia-Pacific excluding China	125.3		9.8		135.1		98.3		8.0		106.3
Net sales	$	900.7	$	362.1	$	1,262.8	$	772.4	$	352.2	$	1,124.6

When reviewing revenue by sales channel, the Company separates net sales to original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs") from sales to distributors and end users. The following table presents the approximate percent of revenue by sales channel for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Three Months Ended	Three Months Ended
Revenue by sales channel	March 31, 2023	March 31, 2022
Original equipment manufacturers	60%	60%
Distribution/end users	40%	40%

In addition to disaggregating revenue by segment, geography and by sales channel as shown above, the Company believes information about the timing of transfer of goods or services, type of customer and distinguishing service revenue from product sales is also relevant. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, approximately 8% and 9%, respectively, of total net sales were recognized on an over-time basis because of the ~~acquisition~~continuous transfer of ~~Aurora Bearing Company~~control to the customer, with the remainder recognized as of a point in time. Approximately 4% and 5% of total net sales represented service revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively. Finally, business with the United States ("~~Aurora"~~U.S."), government or its contractors represented approximately 5% and 7% of total net sales during each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

Remaining Performance Obligations:

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of orders meeting the definition of a contract for which ~~closed~~work has not been performed and excludes unexercised contract options. Performance obligations having a duration of more than one year are concentrated in contracts for certain products and services provided to the U.S. government or its contractors. The aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations for such contracts with a duration of more than one year was approximately $126.0 million at March 31, 2023.

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Note 5 - Revenue(continued)

Unbilled Receivables:

The following table contains a rollforward of unbilled receivables for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2022:


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Beginning balance, January 1	$	103.9	$	104.5
Additional unbilled revenue recognized	96.3		396.2
Less: amounts billed to customers	(85.1)		(370.5)
Less: unbilled receivables reclassified to assets held for sale	—		(26.3)

Ending balance	$	115.1	$	103.9

There were no impairment losses recorded on ~~November 30, 2020.~~unbilled receivables for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2022.

Deferred Revenue:

The following table contains a rollforward of deferred revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2022:


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Beginning balance, January 1	$	54.3	$	35.8
Revenue (cash) received in advance	7.8		54.8
Less: revenue recognized	(16.3)		(36.3)
Ending balance	$	45.8	$	54.3

Note 56 - Income Taxes

The Company's provision for income taxes in interim periods is computed by applying the estimated annual effective tax rates to income or loss before income taxes for the period. In addition, non-recurring or discrete items are recorded during the period(s) in which they occur.


		Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022			2021					2023			2022
Provision for income taxes	Provision for income taxes	$	38.2		$	25.3			Provision for income taxes	$	42.5		$	38.2
Effective tax rate	Effective tax rate	23.9		%	17.9		%		Effective tax rate	25.3		%	23.9		%

Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 was calculated using forecasted multi-jurisdictional annual effective tax rates to determine a blended annual effective tax rate. The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the projected mix of earnings in international jurisdictions with relatively higher tax rates.

The effective tax rate of ~~23.9%~~25.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was higher than the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2022 ~~was higher than the rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021~~ primarily due to ~~higher pre-tax earnings and a higher discrete tax benefit~~an increase in the ~~prior year due to the release~~mix of ~~accruals for uncertain~~earnings in international jurisdictions with relatively higher tax ~~positions from the settlement of the 2017 and 2018 U.S. federal tax years during the three months ended March 31, 2021.~~rates.

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Note 67 - Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the numerator and the denominator of basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively:


		Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022		2021				2023		2022
Numerator:	Numerator:						Numerator:
Net income attributable to The Timken Company	Net income attributable to The Timken Company	$	118.2	$	113.3		Net income attributable to The Timken Company	$	122.3	$	118.2
Less: undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested stock		—		—
Net income available to common shareholders for basic and diluted earnings per share		$	118.2	$	113.3

Denominator:	Denominator:						Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic	Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic	74,782,153		75,820,157			Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic	72,499,928		74,782,153
Effect of dilutive securities:	Effect of dilutive securities:						Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options and awards - based on the treasury stock method	Stock options and awards - based on the treasury stock method	763,512		1,444,484			Stock options and awards - based on the treasury stock method	860,926		763,512
Weighted average number of shares outstanding assuming dilution of stock options and awards	Weighted average number of shares outstanding assuming dilution of stock options and awards	75,545,665		77,264,641			Weighted average number of shares outstanding assuming dilution of stock options and awards	73,360,854		75,545,665
Basic earnings per share	Basic earnings per share	$	1.58	$	1.49		Basic earnings per share	$	1.69	$	1.58
Diluted earnings per share	Diluted earnings per share	$	1.56	$	1.47		Diluted earnings per share	$	1.67	$	1.56

The dilutive effect of performance-based restricted stock units are included once they meet minimum performance thresholds. The dilutive effect of stock options ~~and awards~~ includes all outstanding stock options ~~and awards~~ except stock options that are considered antidilutive. Stock options are antidilutive when the exercise price exceeds the average market price of the Company’s common shares during the periods presented. There were no antidilutive stock options outstanding during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021.~~2022.

Note 78 - Inventories

The components of inventories at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


		March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Manufacturing supplies	Manufacturing supplies	$	39.3	$	38.0	Manufacturing supplies	$	42.5	$	41.7
Raw materials	Raw materials	132.6		121.8		Raw materials	138.1		132.0
Work in process	Work in process	466.6		418.4		Work in process	498.6		491.2
Finished products	Finished products	533.3		527.8		Finished products	598.1		584.8
Subtotal	Subtotal	1,171.8		1,106.0		Subtotal	1,277.3		1,249.7
Allowance for obsolete and surplus inventory	Allowance for obsolete and surplus inventory	(59.2)		(63.3)		Allowance for obsolete and surplus inventory	(67.9)		(58.4)
Total inventories, net	Total inventories, net	$	1,112.6	$	1,042.7	Total inventories, net	$	1,209.4	$	1,191.3

Inventories are valued at net realizable value, with approximately ~~58%~~60% valued on the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method and the remaining ~~42%~~40% valued on the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method. The majority of the Company's domestic inventories are valued on the LIFO ~~method, and all the~~method. The Company's international inventories are valued on the FIFO method.

The LIFO reserve at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 was ~~$211.7~~$234.2 million and ~~$199.4~~$235.4 million, respectively. An actual valuation of the inventory under the LIFO method can be made only at the end of each year based on the inventory levels and costs at that time. Accordingly, interim LIFO calculations are based on management’s estimates of expected year-end inventory levels and costs. Because these calculations are subject to many factors beyond management’s control, annual results may differ from interim results as they are subject to the final year-end LIFO inventory valuation.

710

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Note 89 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The Company tests goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually, performing its annual impairment test as of October 1st. Furthermore, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

In connection with the adoption of new reportable segments, goodwill was reallocated to new reporting units based on relative fair value at the reporting unit level. The Engineered Bearings segment has one reporting unit and the Industrial Motion segment has six reporting units.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 were as follows:


		Mobile Industries		Process Industries		Total			Engineered Bearings		Industrial Motion		Total
Beginning balance	Beginning balance	$	371.7	$	651.0	$	1,022.7	Beginning balance	$	679.8	$	418.5	$	1,098.3

Impairment loss								Impairment loss	—		(28.3)		(28.3)
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other changes	Foreign currency translation adjustments and other changes	(5.6)		(6.7)		(12.3)		Foreign currency translation adjustments and other changes	(0.5)		6.3		5.8
Ending balance	Ending balance	$	366.1	$	644.3	$	1,010.4	Ending balance	$	679.3	$	396.5	$	1,075.8

During the first quarter of 2023, the Company reviewed goodwill for impairment for its reporting units due to the change in reporting segments that went into effect January 1, 2023. The Company utilizes both an income approach and a market approach in testing goodwill for impairment. The Company utilized updated forecasts for the income approach as part of the goodwill impairment review. Based on the earnings and cash flow forecasts for the Belts & Chain reporting unit within the Industrial Motion segment, the Company determined that the reporting unit could not support the carrying value of its goodwill. As a result, the Company recorded a pretax impairment loss of $28.3 million during the first quarter of 2023, which was reported in impairment and restructuring charges on the Consolidated Statement of Income.

The following table displays intangible assets as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		Balance at March 31, 2022						Balance at December 31, 2021							Balance at March 31, 2023						Balance at December 31, 2022
		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount			Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Intangible assets subject to amortization:	Intangible assets subject to amortization:													Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Customer relationships	Customer relationships	$	512.3	$	(194.5)	$	317.8	$	518.1	$	(189.3)	$	328.8	Customer relationships	$	567.1	$	(190.6)	$	376.5	$	561.5	$	(183.2)	$	378.3
Technology and know-how	Technology and know-how	267.5		(90.0)		177.5		270.7		(86.6)		184.1		Technology and know-how	272.0		(85.3)		186.7		273.1		(80.4)		192.7
Trade names	Trade names	12.9		(8.4)		4.5		14.3		(9.6)		4.7		Trade names	31.8		(9.1)		22.7		18.4		(8.7)		9.7
Capitalized software	Capitalized software	281.7		(262.8)		18.9		280.0		(261.3)		18.7		Capitalized software	290.0		(268.0)		22.0		288.4		(266.3)		22.1
Other	Other	3.8		(3.0)		0.8		4.7		(3.6)		1.1		Other	7.7		(4.3)		3.4		3.3		(2.3)		1.0
		$	1,078.2	$	(558.7)	$	519.5	$	1,087.8	$	(550.4)	$	537.4		$	1,168.6	$	(557.3)	$	611.3	$	1,144.7	$	(540.9)	$	603.8
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:	Intangible assets not subject to amortization:													Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
Trade names	Trade names	$	120.4			$	120.4	$	122.7			$	122.7	Trade names	$	135.3			$	135.3	$	152.8			$	152.8
FAA air agency certificates	FAA air agency certificates	8.7				8.7		8.7				8.7		FAA air agency certificates	8.7				8.7		8.7				8.7
		$	129.1			$	129.1	$	131.4			$	131.4		$	144.0			$	144.0	$	161.5			$	161.5
Total intangible assets	Total intangible assets	$	1,207.3	$	(558.7)	$	648.6	$	1,219.2	$	(550.4)	$	668.8	Total intangible assets	$	1,312.6	$	(557.3)	$	755.3	$	1,306.2	$	(540.9)	$	765.3

Amortization expense for intangible assets was ~~$12.7~~$15.1 million and ~~$14.1~~$12.7 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Amortization expense ~~included $10.9 million~~ ~~and $12.1 million~~ related to intangible assets acquired as part of a business combination ~~for~~is reported in amortization of intangible assets on the ~~three~~ ~~months ended March 31, 2022~~Consolidated Statement of Income, and ~~2021, respectively.~~amortization expense related to capitalized software is reported in cost of products sold or selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statement of Income. Amortization expense for intangible assets is projected to b~~e $50.9 million in 2022; $45.5~~be $56.2 million in 2023; ~~$43.5~~$51.5 million in 2024; ~~$42.1~~$50.6 million in 2025; ~~and $40.8~~$49.1 million in ~~2026. Substantially all amortization expense for intangible assets is recorded~~2026; and $47.3 million in ~~Cost~~2027.

Table of ~~product sold on the Consolidated Statement of Income.~~Contents

Note 910 - Other Current Liabilities

The following table displays other current liabilities as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		March 31,		December 31,
(Dollars in millions)	(Dollars in millions)	2022		2021		(Dollars in millions)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Sales rebates	Sales rebates	$	54.7	$	70.3	Sales rebates	$	64.8	$	82.9
Deferred revenue						Deferred revenue	45.8		54.3
Product warranty	Product warranty	13.0		11.7		Product warranty	25.4		23.5
Operating lease liabilities	Operating lease liabilities	25.7		26.2		Operating lease liabilities	25.3		24.1
Current derivative liability						Current derivative liability	23.1		19.8
Taxes other than income and payroll taxes						Taxes other than income and payroll taxes	21.0		18.7
Freight and duties						Freight and duties	17.3		21.7
Interest						Interest	16.9		15.0
Professional fees	Professional fees	11.2		10.8		Professional fees	16.5		17.4
Restructuring	Restructuring	7.0		7.0		Restructuring	3.0		3.1
Taxes other than income and payroll taxes		21.5		16.0
Interest		8.3		10.8
Other	Other	119.4		97.8		Other	78.0		72.4
Total other current liabilities	Total other current liabilities	$	260.8	$	250.6	Total other current liabilities	$	337.1	$	352.9

812

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Note 1011 - Financing Arrangements

Short-term debt at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 was as follows:


		March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022

Borrowings under lines of credit for certain of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries with various banks with interest rates ranging from 0.50% to 2.10% at March 31, 2022 and 0.50% to 2.00% at December 31, 2021		$	29.9	$	42.6
Variable-rate Accounts Receivable Facility with an interest rate of 5.54% at March 31, 2023						Variable-rate Accounts Receivable Facility with an interest rate of 5.54% at March 31, 2023	$	7.1	$	—
Borrowings under lines of credit for certain of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries with various banks with interest rates ranging from 3.42% to 4.90% at March 31, 2023 and 2.38% to 5.50% at December 31, 2022						Borrowings under lines of credit for certain of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries with various banks with interest rates ranging from 3.42% to 4.90% at March 31, 2023 and 2.38% to 5.50% at December 31, 2022	38.7		46.3
Short-term debt	Short-term debt	$	29.9	$	42.6	Short-term debt	$	45.8	$	46.3

The lines of credit for certain of the Company's foreign subsidiaries provide for short-term borrowings up to $268.4 million in the aggregate. Most of these lines of credit are uncommitted. At March 31, 2022, the Company’s foreign subsidiaries had borrowings outstanding of $29.9 million and bank guarantees of $0.3 million, which reduced the aggregate availability under these facilities to $238.2 million.

~~Long-term debt at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was as follows:~~

March 31,
2022 December 31,
2021
Variable-rate Senior Credit Facility with an average interest rate on U.S. Dollar of 1.17% and Euro of 1.00% at March 31, 2022 and U.S. Dollar of 1.09% and Euro of 1.00% at December 31, 2021 $ 8.8 $ 9.0
Variable-rate Term Loan(1), maturing on September 11, 2023, with an interest rate of 1.58% at March 31, 2022 and 1.23% at December 31, 2021
319.0 321.1
Fixed-rate Senior Unsecured Notes(1), maturing on September 1, 2024, with an interest rate of 3.875%
349.6 349.5
Fixed-rate Euro Senior Unsecured Notes(1), maturing on September 7, 2027, with an interest rate of 2.02%
165.8 170.3
Fixed-rate Senior Unsecured Notes(1), maturing on December 15, 2028, with an interest rate of 4.50%
396.9 396.9
Fixed-rate Medium-Term Notes, Series A(1), maturing at various dates through May 2028, with interest rates ranging from 6.74% to 7.76%
154.7 154.7
Fixed-rate Senior Unsecured Notes(1), maturing on April 1, 2032, with an interest rate of 4.125%
341.7 —
Fixed-rate Euro Bank Loan, maturing on June 30, 2033, with an interest rate of 2.15% 15.4 15.8
Other 6.4 5.0
Total debt $ 1,758.3 $ 1,422.3
Less: Current maturities 11.1 11.2
Long-term debt $ 1,747.2 $ 1,411.1

~~(1)~~ ~~Net of discounts and fees~~

The Company has a $100 million Amended and Restated Asset Securitization Agreement (the "Accounts Receivable Facility"), which matures on November 30, 2024. Under the terms of the Accounts Receivable Facility, the Company sells, on an ongoing basis, certain domestic trade receivables to Timken Receivables Corporation, a wholly-owned consolidated subsidiary that, in turn, uses the trade receivables to secure borrowings that are funded through a vehicle that issues commercial paper in the short-term market. Borrowings under the Accounts Receivable Facility may be limited to certain borrowing base limitations; however, availability under the Accounts Receivable Facility was not reduced by any such borrowing base limitations at March 31, ~~2022.~~2023. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, there were no$100.0 million in outstanding borrowings under the Accounts Receivable ~~Facility.~~Facility, which reduced the availability under this facility to zero. $7.1 million of the outstanding borrowings under the Accounts Receivable Facility was classified as short-term at March 31, 2023, which reflects the Company's expectations over the next 12 months relative to the minimum borrowing base. The cost of this facility, which is the prevailing commercial paper rate plus facility fees, is considered a financing cost and is included in interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Lines of credit for certain of the Company's foreign subsidiaries provide for short-term borrowings up to $237.4 million in the aggregate. Most of these lines of credit are uncommitted. At March 31, 2023, the Company’s foreign subsidiaries had borrowings outstanding of $38.7 million and bank guarantees of $3.7 million, which reduced the aggregate availability under these facilities to $195.0 million.

Long-term debt at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was as follows:


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Variable-rate Senior Credit Facility with an average interest rate on U.S. Dollar of 5.72% and Euro of 3.46% at March 31, 2023 and U.S. Dollar of 5.10% and Euro of 2.21% at December 31, 2022	$	63.6	$	8.5

Variable-rate Accounts Receivable Facility with an interest rate of 5.54% at March 31, 2023 and 5.01% at December 31, 2022	92.9		85.0
Variable-rate Term Loan(1), maturing on December 5, 2027, with an interest rate of 5.54% at March 31, 2023 and 5.55% at December 31, 2022	399.1		399.1
Fixed-rate Senior Unsecured Notes(1), maturing on September 1, 2024, with an interest rate of 3.875%	349.9		349.8
Fixed-rate Euro Senior Unsecured Notes(1), maturing on September 7, 2027, with an interest rate of 2.02%	162.4		160.4
Fixed-rate Senior Unsecured Notes(1), maturing on December 15, 2028, with an interest rate of 4.50%	397.4		397.2
Fixed-rate Medium-Term Notes, Series A(1), maturing at various dates through May 2028, with interest rates ranging from 6.74% to 7.76%	154.8		154.8
Fixed-rate Senior Unsecured Notes(1), maturing on April 1, 2032, with an interest rate of 4.125%	342.5		342.1
Fixed-rate Euro Bank Loan, maturing on June 30, 2033, with an interest rate of 2.15%	13.4		13.6

Other	5.6		6.4
Total debt	$	1,981.6	$	1,916.9
Less: current maturities	2.8		2.7
Long-term debt	$	1,978.8	$	1,914.2

(1) Net of discounts and fees

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Note 1011 - Financing Arrangements (continued)

~~The~~On December 5, 2022, the Company entered into the ~~Fourth~~Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ("~~Senior~~ Credit ~~Facility"~~Agreement") ~~on June 25, 2019. The Senior Credit Facility~~, which is ~~a $650.0~~comprised of the $750.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility ~~which matures~~("Senior Credit Facility") and a $400.0 million unsecured term loan facility ("2027 Term Loan") that each mature on December 5, 2027. The Credit Agreement amended and restated the Company's previous revolving credit agreement that was set to mature on June 25, ~~2024.~~2024, and replaced the $350.0 million term loan that was set to mature on September 11, 2023 ("2023 Term Loan"). The Credit Agreement also replaced interest rates based on LIBOR with interest rates based on Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"). At March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company had ~~$8.8~~$63.6 million of outstanding borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility, which reduced the availability under this facility to ~~$641.2~~$686.4 million. The ~~Senior~~ Credit ~~Facility~~Agreement has two financial covenants: a consolidated leverage ratio and a consolidated interest coverage ratio.

On March 28, 2022, the Company issued fixed-rate unsecured senior notes ("2032 Notes") in the aggregate principal amount of $350 million with an interest rate of 4.125%, maturing on April 1, ~~2032~~.2032. Proceeds from the ~~notes~~2032 Notes were used ~~to repay~~for general corporate purposes, which included the repayment of borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility and the Accounts Receivable Facility outstanding at the time of ~~issuance, and for general corporate purposes.~~

On September 11, 2018, the Company entered into a $350 million variable-rate term loan that matures on September 11, 2023 (the "2023 Term Loan"). Proceeds from the 2023 Term Loan were used to fund the acquisitions of Apiary Investments Holding Limited and Rollon S.p.A., which closed on September 1, 2018 and September 18, 2018, respectively. On July 12, 2019, the Company amended the ~~2023 Term Loan agreement to, among other things, align covenants and other terms with the Senior Credit Facility.~~issuance.

At March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company was in full compliance with all applicable covenants on its outstanding debt.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company utilizes standby letters of credit issued by financial institutions to guarantee certain obligations, most of which relate to insurance contracts. At March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, outstanding letters of credit totaled ~~$42.8~~$52.0 million, most with expiration dates within 12 months.

The maturities of long-term debt (including ~~$3.8~~$3.5 million of finance leases) subsequent to March 31, ~~2022~~2023 are as follows:


Year	Year			Year
2022		$	8.8
2023	2023	317.6		2023	$	2.5
2024	2024	360.5		2024	450.2
2025	2025	1.7		2025	26.9
2026	2026	11.5		2026	51.6
2027	2027	192.2		2027	584.6
2028				2028	521.3
Thereafter	Thereafter	866.0		Thereafter	355.9

The table above excludes $11.4 million of unamortized premiums and fees that are netted against long-term debt at March 31, 2023.

1014

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Note 12 - Supply Chain Financing

The Company offers a supplier finance program with two different financial institutions where suppliers may receive early payment from the financial institutions on invoices issued to the Company. The Company and each financial institution entered into arrangements providing for the Company to pay the financial institution per the terms of any supplier invoice paid early under the program and to pay an annual fee for the supplier finance platform subscription and related support. The Company and the financial institutions may terminate participation in the program with 90 days’ written notice. The supplier finance programs are unsecured and are not guaranteed by the Company. The financial institutions enter into separate arrangements with suppliers directly to participate in the program. The Company does not determine the terms or conditions of such arrangements or participate in the transactions between the suppliers and the financial institutions.The supplier invoice terms under the program typically require payment in full within 90 days of the invoice date.

The following table is a rollforward of the outstanding obligations for the Company’s supplier finance program for the three months ended March 31, 2023:


	March 31, 2023
Confirmed obligations outstanding, January 1	$	14.4
Invoices confirmed	20.4
Confirmed invoices paid	(19.3)
Confirmed obligations outstanding, ending balance	$	15.5

The obligations outstanding at March 31, 2023 were included in accounts payable, trade on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Table of Contents

Note 1113 - Contingencies

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries have been identified as potentially responsible parties for investigation and remediation under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, known as the Superfund, or similar state laws with respect to certain sites. Claims for investigation and remediation have been asserted against numerous other entities, which are believed to be financially solvent and are expected to fulfill their proportionate share of the obligation.

On December 28, 2004, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“USEPA”) sent Lovejoy, ~~Inc.~~LLC. ("Lovejoy") a Special Notice Letter that identified Lovejoy as a potentially responsible party, together with at least 14 other companies, at the Ellsworth Industrial Park Site, Downers Grove, DuPage County, Illinois (the “Site”). The Company acquired Lovejoy in 2016. Lovejoy’s Downers Grove property is situated within the Ellsworth Industrial Complex. The USEPA and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (“IEPA”) allege there have been one or more releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances, allegedly including, but not limited to, a release or threatened release on or from Lovejoy's property, at the Site. The relief sought by the USEPA and IEPA includes further investigation and potential remediation of the Site and reimbursement of response costs. Lovejoy’s allocated share of past and future costs related to the Site, including for investigation and/or remediation, could be significant. All previously pending property damage and personal injury lawsuits against Lovejoy related to the Site were settled or dismissed prior to our acquisition of Lovejoy.

The Company had total environmental accruals of $~~6.4~~4.7 million and ~~$6.0~~$4.8 million for various known environmental matters that are probable and reasonably estimable at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, which includes the Lovejoy matter described above. These accruals were recorded based upon the best estimate of costs to be incurred in light of the progress made in determining the magnitude of remediation costs, the timing and extent of remedial actions required by governmental authorities and the amount of the Company’s liability in proportion to other responsible parties.

Product Warranties:

In addition to the contingencies above, the Company provides limited warranties on certain of its products. The product warranty liability included in "Other current liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $~~13.0~~25.4 million and ~~$11.7~~$23.5 million at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The ~~increase in~~balances at the ~~liability primarily relates to accruals that are based on~~end of each respective period represent the best ~~estimate~~estimates of costs for future claims ~~based on~~for products ~~sold~~ that are still under warranty. The ~~estimate~~increase in the liability for the first three months of ~~these~~2023 primarily relates to additional accruals isfor certain products sold into the automotive and renewable energy sectors. Accrual estimates are based on ~~historical~~actual claims and expected trends that continue to mature. ~~Any significant change~~The Company is currently evaluating claims raised by certain customers with respect to the performance of bearings sold into the wind energy sector. Management believes that the outcome of these ~~assumptions~~claims will not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial position; however, the effect of any such outcome may be material to the results of operations inof any particular period in which ~~that change occurs.~~

costs in excess of amounts provided, if any, are recognized.

The following is a rollforward of the consolidated product warranty accrual for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and twelve months ended December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Beginning balance, January 1	Beginning balance, January 1	$	11.7	$	9.4	Beginning balance, January 1	$	23.5	$	11.7
Expense	Expense	2.2		10.1		Expense	2.2		14.7
Payments	Payments	(0.9)		(7.8)		Payments	(0.3)		(2.9)
Ending balance	Ending balance	$	13.0	$	11.7	Ending balance	$	25.4	$	23.5

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Note 1214 - Equity

The following tables present the changes in the components of equity for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively:


				The Timken Company Shareholders															The Timken Company Shareholders
		Total		Stated Capital		Other Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Non controlling Interest			Total		Stated Capital		Other Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Treasury Stock		Non controlling Interest
Balance at December 31, 2021		$	2,377.7	$	40.7	$	786.9	$	1,616.4	$	(23.0)	$	(126.1)	$	82.8
Balance at December 31, 2022																Balance at December 31, 2022	$	2,352.9	$	40.7	$	829.6	$	1,932.1	$	(181.9)	$	(352.2)	$	84.6
Net income	Net income	121.9						118.2						3.7		Net income	125.7						122.3						3.4
Foreign currency translation adjustment	Foreign currency translation adjustment	(22.6)								(20.0)				(2.6)		Foreign currency translation adjustment	27.7								27.4				0.3
Pension and other postretirement liability adjustments (net of income tax benefit of $0.5 million)	Pension and other postretirement liability adjustments (net of income tax benefit of $0.5 million)	(1.5)								(1.5)						Pension and other postretirement liability adjustments (net of income tax benefit of $0.5 million)	(1.5)								(1.5)
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net of reclassifications																Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net of reclassifications	(0.8)								(0.8)
Dividends - $0.31 per share																Dividends - $0.31 per share	(23.6)						(23.6)

Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net of reclassifications		2.0								2.0

Dividends – $0.30 per share		(23.5)						(23.5)
Stock-based compensation expense	Stock-based compensation expense	7.1				7.1										Stock-based compensation expense	11.0				11.0
Stock purchased at fair market value	Stock purchased at fair market value	(100.0)										(100.0)				Stock purchased at fair market value	(54.0)										(54.0)
Stock option exercise activity	Stock option exercise activity	1.4				1.4										Stock option exercise activity	12.7				12.7

Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation	Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation	(7.5)										(7.5)				Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation	(13.8)										(13.8)
Balance at March 31, 2022		$	2,355.0	$	40.7	$	795.4	$	1,711.1	$	(42.5)	$	(233.6)	$	83.9
Balance at March 31, 2023																Balance at March 31, 2023	$	2,436.3	$	40.7	$	853.3	$	2,030.8	$	(156.8)	$	(420.0)	$	88.3


				The Timken Company Shareholders															The Timken Company Shareholders
		Total		Stated Capital		Other Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Non controlling Interest			Total		Stated Capital		Other Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Treasury Stock		Non controlling Interest
Balance at December 31, 2020		$	2,225.2	$	40.7	$	740.7	$	1,339.5	$	41.3	$	(9.3)	$	72.3
Balance at December 31, 2021																Balance at December 31, 2021	$	2,377.7	$	40.7	$	786.9	$	1,616.4	$	(23.0)	$	(126.1)	$	82.8
Net income	Net income	116.0						113.3						2.7		Net income	121.9						118.2						3.7
Foreign currency translation adjustment	Foreign currency translation adjustment	(44.4)								(44.0)				(0.4)		Foreign currency translation adjustment	(22.6)								(20.0)				(2.6)
Pension and other postretirement liability adjustments (net of income tax benefit of $0.6 million)		(1.6)								(1.6)
Pension and other postretirement liability adjustments (net of income tax benefit of $0.5 million)																Pension and other postretirement liability adjustments (net of income tax benefit of $0.5 million)	(1.5)								(1.5)
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net of reclassifications	Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net of reclassifications	2.2								2.2						Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net of reclassifications	2.0								2.0

Dividends – $0.29 per share		(23.8)						(23.8)
Dividends - $0.30 per share																Dividends - $0.30 per share	(23.5)						(23.5)
Stock-based compensation expense	Stock-based compensation expense	6.5				6.5										Stock-based compensation expense	7.1				7.1
Stock purchased at fair market value	Stock purchased at fair market value	(26.3)										(26.3)				Stock purchased at fair market value	(100.0)										(100.0)
Stock option exercise activity	Stock option exercise activity	14.1				14.1										Stock option exercise activity	1.4				1.4

Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation	Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation	(17.8)										(17.8)				Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation	(7.5)										(7.5)
Balance at March 31, 2021		$	2,250.1	$	40.7	$	761.3	$	1,429.0	$	(2.1)	$	(53.4)	$	74.6
Balance at March 31, 2022																Balance at March 31, 2022	$	2,355.0	$	40.7	$	795.4	$	1,711.1	$	(42.5)	$	(233.6)	$	83.9

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Table of Contents

Note 1315 - Impairment and Restructuring Charges

Impairment and restructuring charges by segment are comprised of the following:

For the three months ended March 31, ~~2022:~~2023:


		Mobile Industries		Process Industries		Total			Engineered Bearings		Industrial Motion		Total
Impairment charges								Impairment charges	$	—	$	28.3	$	28.3
Severance and related benefit costs								Severance and related benefit costs	0.7		(0.1)		0.6

Severance and related benefit costs		$	0.4	$	(0.1)	$	0.3
Exit costs		0.7		—		0.7
Total	Total	$	1.1	$	(0.1)	$	1.0	Total	$	0.7	$	28.2	$	28.9

For the three months ended March 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		Mobile Industries		Process Industries		Total			Engineered Bearings		Industrial Motion		Total
Impairment charges		$	0.1	$	3.3	$	3.4

Severance and related benefit costs	Severance and related benefit costs	—		0.5		0.5		Severance and related benefit costs	$	0.4	$	(0.1)	$	0.3
Exit costs	Exit costs	0.1		—		0.1		Exit costs	0.7		—		0.7
Total	Total	$	0.2	$	3.8	$	4.0	Total	$	1.1	$	(0.1)	$	1.0

The following discussion explains the impairment and restructuring charges recorded for the periods presented; however, it is not intended to reflect a comprehensive discussion of all amounts in the tables above.

~~Mobile Industries:~~Engineered Bearings:

On January 16, 2023, the Company announced the closure of its bearing plant in Gaffney, South Carolina. The Company expects to transfer its remaining operations to other bearing manufacturing facilities in North America. The closure of this facility is expected to occur by the end of the fourth quarter of 2023 and is expected to affect approximately 225 employees. The Company expects to incur approximately $10 million to $12 million of pretax costs in total related to this closure. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded severance and related benefits of $0.8 million related to this closure. The Company incurred cumulative pretax costs related to this closure of $2.0 million as of March 31, 2023, including rationalization costs recorded in cost of products sold.

On July 19, 2021, the Company announced the closure of its bearing manufacturing facility in Villa Carcina, Italy. The Company ~~will be transferring~~transferred the ~~manufacturing~~manufacturing of its single-row tapered roller bearing production to other bearing facilities in Europe, Asia and the United States. The Company ~~expects to complete~~completed the closure ~~by June~~ of the facility on October 31, 2022, and ~~is expected to affect~~it affected approximately 110 employees. ~~The Company expects to incur approximately $9 million to $11 million of expenses related to this closure.~~ During the t~~hree~~three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded severance and related benefits of $0.4 million and exit costs of $0.6 million related to this closure. The Company ~~has~~ incurred cumulative pretax costs related to this closure of ~~$7.5~~$9.8 million as of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, including rationalization costs recorded in cost of products sold. On ~~January 31,~~November 1, 2022, the Company ~~entered into an agreement to sell this facility with~~completed the sale ~~expected to close in~~of this facility.

Industrial Motion:

During the ~~fourth~~third quarter of ~~2022.~~2022, the Company announced certain organizational changes, which included the appointment of executive leaders for its Engineered Bearings and Industrial Motion product groups. After evaluating the impact from the organizational changes and revising segment results through the balance of 2022, the Company concluded that it will operate under two new reportable segments, Engineered Bearings and Industrial Motion, effective January 1, 2023. In conjunction with this change in segmented results, the Company had to reallocate goodwill to new reporting units under these two segments. In addition, the Company had to review goodwill for impairment under these new reporting units. As a result of this goodwill impairment review, the Company recognized a pretax goodwill impairment loss of $28.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

~~Process Industries:~~

Table of Contents

Note 15 - Impairment and Restructuring Charges (continued)

On February 4, 2020, the Company announced the closure of its chain manufacturing facility in Indianapolis, Indiana. This facility was part of the Diamond Chain Company ("Diamond Chain") acquisition completed on April 1, 2019. The Company ~~will be transferring~~transferred the ~~manufacturing~~majority of its Diamond Chain product line to its chain manufacturing facility in Fulton, Illinois. The chain plant is expected to cease operations by the end of ~~the fourth quarter of 2022~~April 2023 and is expected to affect approximately 240 employees. The Company expects to hire approximately 130 full-time positions in Fulton, Illinois and expects to incur approximately ~~$11~~$12 million to ~~$14~~$15 million of expenses ~~related to this closure. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recorded severance and related benefit costs of $0.3 million, respectively,~~ related to this closure. The Company has incurred cumulative pretax costs related to this closure of ~~$11.1~~$14.4 million as of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, including rationalization costs recorded in cost of products sold.

~~In addition, the Company recorded impairment charges of $3.3 million related to certain engineering-related assets used in the business during the~~ ~~three~~ ~~months ended~~ ~~March 31, 2021. Management concluded no further investment would be made in these assets and as a result, reduced the value to zero.~~

~~Table of Contents~~

~~Note 13 - Impairment and Restructuring Charges (continued)~~

Consolidated Restructuring Accrual:

The following is a rollforward of the consolidated restructuring accrual for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and twelve months ended December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Beginning balance, January 1	Beginning balance, January 1	$	7.0	$	8.0	Beginning balance, January 1	$	3.1	$	7.0
Expense	Expense	1.0		4.4		Expense	0.6		5.8
Payments	Payments	(1.0)		(5.4)		Payments	(0.7)		(9.7)
Ending balance	Ending balance	$	7.0	$	7.0	Ending balance	$	3.0	$	3.1

The restructuring accrual at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 was included in other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Note 1416 - Retirement Benefit Plans

The following table sets forth the net periodic benefit cost for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans. The amounts for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 are based on calculations prepared by the Company's actuaries and represent the Company’s best estimate of that period’s proportionate share of the amounts to be recorded for the year ending December 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

U.S. Plans International Plans Total
Three Months Ended
March 31, Three Months Ended
March 31, Three Months Ended
March 31,
2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021
Components of net periodic benefit
cost (credit):
Service cost $ 1.9 $ 2.5 $ 0.4 $ 0.5 $ 2.3 $ 3.0
Interest cost 4.1 4.4 1.5 1.1 5.6 5.5
Expected return on plan assets (5.2) (6.1) (2.5) (2.5) (7.7) (8.6)
Amortization of prior service cost 0.3 0.3 — — 0.3 0.3
Recognition of net actuarial losses 2.6 0.9 — — 2.6 0.9
Net periodic benefit cost (credit) $ 3.7 $ 2.0 $ (0.6) $ (0.9) $ 3.1 $ 1.1

~~The Company expects full year 2022~~


	U.S. Plans				International Plans				Total
	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Components of net periodic benefit cost (credit):
Service cost	$	0.2	$	1.9	$	0.3	$	0.4	$	0.5	$	2.3
Interest cost	4.5		4.1		2.4		1.5		6.9		5.6
Expected return on plan assets	(2.1)		(5.2)		(2.5)		(2.5)		(4.6)		(7.7)
Amortization of prior service cost	—		0.3		0.1		—		0.1		0.3
Recognition of net actuarial (gains) losses	(0.9)		2.6		—		—		(0.9)		2.6

Net periodic benefit cost (credit)	$	1.7	$	3.7	$	0.3	$	(0.6)	$	2.0	$	3.1

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, lump sum payments related to new retirees exceeded annual interest and service costs for one of ~~its~~the Company's U.S. defined benefit pension plans, ~~to exceed annual interest and service costs. This expectation triggered~~triggering a remeasurement of assets and obligations for ~~the~~this plan. As a result of this remeasurement, the Company recognized a net actuarial ~~losses~~gain ("~~Mark-to-Market Charges"~~mark-to-market charges") of ~~$2.6~~$0.9 million during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

For the three months ended March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company expected to make lump sum payments related to new retirees in excess of annual interest and service costs for ~~three~~one of the Company's U.S. defined benefit pension ~~plans in 2021.~~plans. This expectation triggered a remeasurement of assets and obligations for ~~these plans.~~this plan. As a result of this remeasurement, the Company recognized a net actuarial ~~losses~~loss of ~~$0.9~~$2.6 million during the three months ended March 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Note 1517 - Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

The following table sets forth the net periodic benefit cost for the Company’s other postretirement benefit plans. The amounts for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 are based on calculations prepared by the Company's actuaries and represent the Company’s best estimate of that period’s proportionate share of the amounts to be recorded for the year ending December 31, ~~2022.~~2023.


		Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022		2021				2023		2022
Components of net periodic benefit credit:
Net periodic benefit credit:						Net periodic benefit credit:

Interest cost	Interest cost	$	0.4	$	0.4	Interest cost		$	0.5	$	0.4

Amortization of prior service credit	Amortization of prior service credit	(2.5)		(2.5)		Amortization of prior service credit		(2.1)		(2.5)

Net periodic benefit credit	Net periodic benefit credit	$	(2.1)	$	(2.1)	Net periodic benefit credit		$	(1.6)	$	(2.1)

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Note 1618 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following tables present details about components of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income ~~(loss)~~ for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively:

Foreign currency translation adjustments Pension and other postretirement liability adjustments Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments Total
Balance at December 31, 2021 $ (80.3) $ 56.6 $ 0.7 $ (23.0)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before
   reclassifications and income taxes (22.6) 0.2 3.2 (19.2)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
   comprehensive (loss) income before income
   taxes — (2.2) (0.9) (3.1)
Income tax benefit (expense) — 0.5 (0.3) 0.2
Net current period other comprehensive (loss)
   income, net of income taxes (22.6) (1.5) 2.0 (22.1)
Noncontrolling interest 2.6 — — 2.6
Net current period comprehensive (loss) income,
   net of income taxes and noncontrolling
   interest (20.0) (1.5) 2.0 (19.5)
Balance at March 31, 2022 $ (100.3) $ 55.1 $ 2.7 $ (42.5)

Foreign currency translation adjustments Pension and other postretirement liability adjustments Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments Total
Balance at December 31, 2020 $ (18.0) $ 63.4 $ (4.1) $ 41.3
Other comprehensive (loss) income before
   reclassifications and income taxes (44.4) — 1.4 (43.0)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
   comprehensive (loss) income before income
   taxes — (2.2) 1.7 (0.5)
Income tax (expense) benefit — 0.6 (0.9) (0.3)
Net current period other comprehensive
   (loss) income, net of income taxes (44.4) (1.6) 2.2 (43.8)
Noncontrolling interest 0.4 — — 0.4
Net current period comprehensive (loss) income,
   net of income taxes and noncontrolling
   interest (44.0) (1.6) 2.2 (43.4)
Balance at March 31, 2021 $ (62.0) $ 61.8 $ (1.9) $ (2.1)


	Foreign currency translation adjustments		Pension and other postretirement liability adjustments		Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments		Total
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	(235.7)	$	50.8	$	3.0	$	(181.9)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications and income taxes	27.7		—		(0.8)		26.9
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income before income taxes	—		(2.0)		(0.3)		(2.3)
Income tax benefit	—		0.5		0.3		0.8
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes	27.7		(1.5)		(0.8)		25.4
Noncontrolling interest	(0.3)		—		—		(0.3)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes and noncontrolling interest	27.4		(1.5)		(0.8)		25.1
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	(208.3)	$	49.3	$	2.2	$	(156.8)


	Foreign currency translation adjustments		Pension and other postretirement liability adjustments		Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments		Total
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	(80.3)	$	56.6	$	0.7	$	(23.0)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications and income taxes	(22.6)		0.2		3.2		(19.2)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income before income taxes	—		(2.2)		(0.9)		(3.1)
Income tax benefit (expense)	—		0.5		(0.3)		0.2
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income, net of income taxes	(22.6)		(1.5)		2.0		(22.1)
Noncontrolling interest	2.6		—		—		2.6
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income, net of income taxes and noncontrolling interest	(20.0)		(1.5)		2.0		(19.5)
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	(100.3)	$	55.1	$	2.7	$	(42.5)

Other comprehensive (loss) income ~~(loss)~~ before reclassifications and income taxes includes the effect of foreign currency.

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Note 1719 - Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be expected to be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The FASB provides accounting rules that classify the inputs used to measure fair value into the following hierarchy:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for those financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		March 31, 2022									March 31, 2023
		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3			Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:	Assets:									Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	407.0	$	404.4	$	2.6	$	—	Cash and cash equivalents	$	295.3	$	294.5	$	0.8	$	—
Cash and cash equivalents measured at net asset value	Cash and cash equivalents measured at net asset value	17.5		—		—		—		Cash and cash equivalents measured at net asset value	35.2
Restricted cash	Restricted cash	0.7		0.7		—		—		Restricted cash	8.6		8.6		—		—
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	57.8		—		57.8		—		Short-term investments	38.6		—		38.6		—

Interest rate swap contract	Interest rate swap contract	2.6		—		2.6		—		Interest rate swap contract	2.1		—		2.1		—
Foreign currency forward contracts	Foreign currency forward contracts	6.6		—		6.6		—		Foreign currency forward contracts	3.0		—		3.0		—
Total assets	Total assets	$	492.2	$	405.1	$	69.6	$	—	Total assets	$	382.8	$	303.1	$	44.5	$	—
Liabilities:	Liabilities:									Liabilities:
Foreign currency forward contracts	Foreign currency forward contracts	$	6.3	$	—	$	6.3	$	—	Foreign currency forward contracts	$	23.1	$	—	$	23.1	$	—

Total liabilities	Total liabilities	$	6.3	$	—	$	6.3	$	—	Total liabilities	$	23.1	$	—	$	23.1	$	—


		December 31, 2021									December 31, 2022
		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3			Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:	Assets:									Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	257.1	$	244.8	$	12.3	$	—	Cash and cash equivalents	$	292.1	$	289.3	$	2.8	$	—

Cash and cash equivalents measured at net asset value										Cash and cash equivalents measured at net asset value	39.5
Restricted cash	Restricted cash	0.8		0.8		—		—		Restricted cash	9.1		9.1		—		—
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	56.9		—		56.9		—		Short-term investments	39.2		—		39.2		—

Interest rate swap contract										Interest rate swap contract	3.1		—		3.1		—
Foreign currency forward contracts	Foreign currency forward contracts	5.6		—		5.6		—		Foreign currency forward contracts	4.5		—		4.5		—
Total assets	Total assets	$	320.4	$	245.6	$	74.8	$	—	Total assets	$	387.5	$	298.4	$	49.6	$	—
Liabilities:	Liabilities:									Liabilities:
Foreign currency forward contracts	Foreign currency forward contracts	$	1.0	$	—	$	1.0	$	—	Foreign currency forward contracts	$	19.8	$	—	$	19.8	$	—
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	$	1.0	$	—	$	1.0	$	—	Total liabilities	$	19.8	$	—	$	19.8	$	—

Cash and cash equivalents are highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased and are valued at the redemption value. Short-term investments are investments with maturities between four months and one year, and generally are valued at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. A portion of the cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments are valued based on net asset value. The Company uses publicly available market interest rates to measure the fair value of its interest rate swap contracts. The Company uses publicly available foreign currency forward and spot rates to measure the fair value of its foreign currency forward contracts.

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Note 1719 - Fair Value (continued)

In addition, the Company remeasures certain assets at fair value, using Level 3 inputs, as a result of the occurrence of triggering events such as purchase accounting for ~~acquisitions.~~acquisitions or goodwill impairment.

No other material assets ~~were~~were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

Financial Instruments:

The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, trade accounts payable, short-term borrowings and long-term debt. Due to their short-term nature, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and short-term borrowings are a reasonable estimate of their fair value. Due to the nature of fair value calculations for variable-rate debt, the carrying value of the Company's long-term variable-rate debt is a reasonable estimate of its fair value. The fair value of the Company’s long-term fixed-rate debt, based on quoted market prices, was ~~$1,468.0~~$1,381.7 million and ~~$1,171.1~~$1,353.5 million at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The carrying value of this debt was ~~$1,424.5~~$1,420.3 million and ~~$1,087.5~~$1,417.9 million at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The fair value of long-term fixed-rate debt was measured using Level 2 inputs.

The Company does not believe it has significant concentrations of risk associated with the counterparties to its financial instruments.

Note 1820 - Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations. The primary risks managed by using derivative instruments are foreign currency exchange rate risk and interest rate risk. Forward contracts on various foreign currencies are entered into in order to manage the foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with certain of the Company's commitments denominated in foreign currencies. From time to time, interest rate swaps are used to manage interest rate risk associated with the Company’s fixed and floating-rate borrowings.

The Company designates certain foreign currency forward contracts as cash flow hedges of forecasted revenues and certain interest rate hedges as cash flow hedges of fixed-rate borrowings.

On September 8, 2020, the Company entered into a $100 million floating-to-fixed rate swap on the 2023 Term Loan, which hedges the change in the 1-month LIBOR rate between October 30, 2020 and September 11, 2023 to a fixed rate. The Company repaid the LIBOR based 2023 Term Loan on December 5, 2022 and replaced it with the SOFR based 2027 Term Loan. The Company amended the interest rate for the swap from LIBOR to SOFR commencing January 2023. The Company’s risk management objective is to hedge the risk of changes in the monthly interest expense attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate.

On September 15, 2020, the Company designated €54.5 million of its €150.0 million fixed-rate senior unsecured notes, maturing on September 7, 2027 ~~(the~~(the "2027 Notes"), as a hedge against its net investment in one of its European subsidiaries. The objective of the hedge transaction is to protect the net investment in the foreign operations against changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Euro. The net impact for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively, was a ~~gain~~loss of ~~$1.7~~$0.7 million to accumulated comprehensive (loss) income with a corresponding offset to other income (expense) which partially offsets the impact of the foreign currency adjustment on the 2027 Notes.

The Company entered into $350 million of floating-to-fixed 10-year Treasury rate locks during the first quarter of 2022, prior to issuing the 2032 Notes. This fixed the 10-year Treasury yield and settled at pricing of the 2032 Notes, resulting in ~~$6.4~~$6.5 million of cash proceeds received by the Company. This amount was recorded to accumulated comprehensive income and will be amortized as a reduction in interest expense over the 10-year tenor of the 2032 Notes.

The Company does not purchase or hold any derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. As of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company had ~~$291.4~~$674.0 million and ~~$300.8~~$635.6 million, respectively, of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts at notional value. Refer to Note 1719 - Fair Value for the fair value disclosure of derivative financial instruments.

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Note 1820 - Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (continued)

Cash Flow Hedging Strategy:

For certain derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges (i.e., hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same line item associated with the forecasted transaction and in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.

To protect against a reduction in the value of forecasted foreign currency cash flows resulting from export sales, the Company has instituted a foreign currency cash flow hedging program. The Company hedges portions of its forecasted cash flows denominated in foreign currencies with forward contracts. When the dollar strengthens significantly against foreign currencies, the decline in the present value of future foreign currency revenue is offset by gains in the fair value of the forward contracts designated as hedges. Conversely, when the dollar weakens, the increase in the present value of future foreign currency cash flows is offset by losses in the fair value of the forward contracts. As of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company had ~~$83.5~~$79.7 million and ~~$80.0~~$82.3 million, respectively, of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts at notional value that were classified as cash flow hedges.

The maximum length of time over which the Company hedges its exposure to the variability in future cash flows for forecast transactions is generally eighteen months or less.

Purpose for Derivative Instruments not designated as Hedging Instruments:

For derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments, the instruments are typically forward contracts. In general, the practice is to reduce volatility by selectively hedging transaction exposures including intercompany loans, accounts payable and accounts receivable. Intercompany loans between entities with different functional currencies typically are hedged with a forward contract at the inception of the loan with a maturity date corresponding to the maturity of the loan. The revaluation of these contracts, as well as the revaluation of the underlying balance sheet items, is recorded directly to the income statement so the adjustment generally offsets the revaluation of the underlying balance sheet items to protect cash payments and reduce income statement volatility.

As of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company had ~~$207.9~~$594.3 million and ~~$220.8~~$553.3 million, respectively, of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts at notional value that were not designated as hedging instruments. The following table presents the impact of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, and the related location within the Consolidated Statements of Income:

Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Location of gain or (loss) recognized in income 2022 2021
Foreign currency forward contracts Other income (expense), net $ (1.0) $ 0.2

~~Note 19 - Subsequent Events~~

On April 29, 2022, the Company reached an agreement to acquire Spinea, s.r.o. (Spinea), a European technology leader and manufacturer of highly engineered cycloidal reduction gears and actuators. Spinea’s solutions primarily serve high-precision automation and robotics applications in the factory automation sector. Spinea is located in Presov, Slovakia, and is expected to have sales around $40 million for the full year of 2022. The transaction, which is subject to customary closing conditions, is expected to close in the second quarter and will be funded with cash and borrowings from existing credit facilities.


		Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income
		Three Months Ended March 31,
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:	Location of gain or (loss) recognized in income	2023		2022

Foreign currency forward contracts	Other income, net	$	(2.6)	$	(1.0)

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

(Dollars in millions, except per share data)

OVERVIEW

Introduction:

The Timken Company designs and ~~manages~~manufactures a growing portfolio of engineered bearings and ~~power transmission products.~~industrial motion products, and related services. With more than a century of ~~innovation~~knowledge and ~~increasing knowledge,~~innovation, the Company continuously improves the reliability and efficiency of global machinery and equipment to move the world forward. The Company’s growing product and services portfolio features many strong industrial brands, such as Timken®, Philadelphia Gear®, GGB®, Drives®, Cone Drive®, Rollon®, Lovejoy®, Diamond®, BEKA®, Groeneveld®, Nadella® and ~~Groeneveld®~~Spinea®. Timken employs more than ~~18,000~~19,000 people globally in 4246 countries. The Company operates under two reportable segments: (1) ~~Mobile Industries~~Engineered Bearings and (2) ~~Process Industries.~~Industrial Motion. The following further describes these business segments:

•~~Mobile Industries~~Timken’s Engineered Bearings segment features a broad range of product designs serving original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and end-users worldwide. Timken is a leading authority on tapered roller bearings and leverages its position by applying engineering know-how and technology across its entire bearing portfolio, which includes tapered, spherical and cylindrical roller bearings; plain bearings, metal-polymer bearings and rod end bearings; thrust and specialty ball bearings; and housed bearings. The Engineered Bearings portfolio features Timken® and GGB® brands and serves ~~OEM~~ customers ~~that manufacture off-highway equipment for the agricultural,~~across global industries, including wind energy, agriculture, construction, food and beverage, metals and mining, and construction markets; on-highway vehicles including passenger cars, light trucks, and medium- and heavy-duty trucks; rail cars and locomotives; outdoor power equipment; rotorcraft and fixed-wing aircraft; and other mobile equipment. Beyond service parts sold to OEMs, aftermarket sales and services to individual end users, equipment owners, operators and maintenance shops are handled directly or through the Company's extensive network of authorized automotive and ~~heavy-truck distributors.~~truck, aerospace, rail and more.

•~~Process Industries~~ ~~serves OEM~~Timken’s Industrial Motion segment includes a diverse and ~~end-user customers in~~growing portfolio of engineered products, including industrial drives, automatic lubrication systems, linear motion products and systems, chains, belts, couplings and industrial clutches and brakes that keep systems running efficiently. Industrial Motion also includes industrial drivetrain services, which return equipment to like-new condition. The Industrial Motion portfolio features many strong brands: Philadelphia Gear®, Cone Drive®, Spinea®, Rollon®, Nadella®, Groeneveld®, BEKA®, Diamond®, Drives®, Timken® Belts, Lovejoy® and PT Tech®. Industrial Motion products are used across a broad range of industries, ~~that place heavy demands on the fixed operating equipment they make or use in heavy~~including solar energy, automation, construction, agriculture and ~~other general industrial sectors. This includes metals, cement~~turf, passenger rail, marine, aerospace, packaging and ~~aggregate production; power generation~~logistics, medical and renewable energy sources; oil and gas extraction and refining; pulp and paper and food processing; automation and robotics; and health and critical motion control equipment. Other applications include marine equipment, gear drives, cranes, hoists and conveyors. This segment also supports aftermarket sales and service needs through its global network of authorized industrial distributors and through the provision of services directly to end users.more.

Timken creates value by understanding customer needs and applying its know-how to serve a broad range of customers in attractive markets and industries across the globe. The Company’s business strengths include its product technology, end-market diversity, geographic reach and aftermarket mix. Timken collaborates with OEMs to improve equipment efficiency with its engineered products and captures subsequent equipment replacement cycles by selling largely through independent channels in the aftermarket. Timken focuses its international efforts and footprint in regions of the world where strong macroeconomic factors such as urbanization, infrastructure development and sustainability create demand for its products and services.

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The Company's strategy has three primary elements:

Profitable Growth. The Company intends to expand into new and existing markets by leveraging its collective knowledge of metallurgy, friction management and ~~power transmission~~industrial motion to create value for Timken customers. Using a highly collaborative technical selling approach, the Company places particular emphasis on creating unique solutions for challenging and/or demanding applications. The Company intends to grow in attractive market sectors around the world, emphasizing those spaces that are highly fragmented, demand high service and value the reliability and efficiency offered by Timken products. The Company also targets applications that offer significant aftermarket demand, thereby providing product and services revenue throughout the equipment’s lifetime.

Operational Excellence. Timken operates with a relentless drive for exceptional results and a passion for superior execution. The Company embraces a continuous improvement culture that is charged with increasing efficiency, lowering costs, eliminating waste, encouraging organizational agility and building greater brand equity to fuel growth. This requires the Company’s ongoing commitment to attract, retain and develop the best talent across the world.

~~Table of Contents~~

Capital Deployment to Drive Shareholder Value. The Company is intently focused on providing the highest returns for shareholders through its capital allocation framework, which includes: (1) investing in the core business through capital expenditures, research and development and initiatives to drive profitable organic growth; (2) pursuing strategic acquisitions to broaden its portfolio and capabilities across diverse markets, with a focus on bearings, adjacent ~~power transmission~~industrial motion products and related services; (3) returning capital to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases; and (4) maintaining a strong balance sheet and sufficient liquidity. As part of this framework, the Company may also restructure, reposition or divest underperforming product lines or assets.

Overview:


		Three Months Ended March 31,									Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022		2021		$ Change		% Change			2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
Net sales	Net sales	$	1,124.6	$	1,025.4	$	99.2	9.7	%	Net sales	$	1,262.8	$	1,124.6	$	138.2	12.3	%
Net income	Net income	121.9		116.0		5.9		5.1	%	Net income	125.7		121.9		3.8		3.1	%

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	3.7		2.7		1.0		37.0	%	Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	3.4		3.7		(0.3)		(8.1)	%
Net income attributable to The Timken Company	Net income attributable to The Timken Company	$	118.2	$	113.3	$	4.9	4.3	%	Net income attributable to The Timken Company	$	122.3	$	118.2	$	4.1	3.5	%

Diluted earnings per share	Diluted earnings per share	$	1.56	$	1.47	$	0.09	6.1	%	Diluted earnings per share	$	1.67	$	1.56	$	0.11	7.1	%
Average number of shares – diluted	Average number of shares – diluted	75,545,665		77,264,641		—		(2.2)	%	Average number of shares – diluted	73,360,854		75,545,665		—		(2.9)	%

The increase in net sales for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 was ~~primarily~~ driven by strong organic growth ~~(including positive pricing)~~in both the Engineered Bearings and Industrial Motion segments and the favorable impact of acquisitions (net of divestitures), partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes. The increase in net income for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~ 2022 was primarily due to the favorable price/mix and the impact of higher volume, ~~and favorable price/mix,~~ partially offset by higher ~~material, logistics and other~~ operating costs ~~a higher tax rate~~ and higher ~~pension mark-to-market~~impairment and restructuring charges.

Outlook:

The Company expects ~~2022~~2023 full-year revenue to be up ~~approximately~~between 8% and 11% compared to ~~2021, primarily due to higher demand across most end markets, positive pricing~~2022, driven by organic growth and the ~~continued execution~~benefit of ~~growth initiatives.~~acquisitions (net of divestitures). The Company's earnings are expected to be up in ~~2022~~2023 compared with ~~2021, primarily~~2022, due to the favorable impact of price/mix and higher sales volume, as well as lower material and ~~price/mix,~~logistics costs, partially offset by higher ~~material, logistics and other~~ operating costs, ~~as well as~~higher impairment and restructuring charges, the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes and higher interest costs and a higher tax rate. In 2021, the Company experienced supply chain disruptions, inflation and staffing issues related to increased customer demand. Timken expects these headwinds to persist throughout 2022, or potentially worsen due to the impact of Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the ongoing Coronavirus ("COVID-19") lockdowns in China.expense.

The Company expects to generate a higher amount of cash from operating activities in 2023 compared to 2022, ~~above 2021 levels~~primarily driven by higher earnings and ~~lower pension and other postretirement contributions and payments.~~improved working capital performance. The Company expects higher capital expenditures ~~between 4.0% and 4.5%~~in 2023 compared to 2022, but relatively in line with 2022 spending as a percentage of sales ~~in 2022, compared with 3.6% of sales ($148 million) in 2021.~~(4.0%).

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THE STATEMENT OF INCOME

~~Sales:~~Operating Income:

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2022 2021 $ Change % Change
Net sales $ 1,124.6 $ 1,025.4 $ 99.2 9.7 %


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022			$ Change		Change
Net sales	$	1,262.8		$	1,124.6		$	138.2	12.3%
Cost of products sold	846.0			786.3			59.7		7.6%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	186.8			154.1			32.7		21.2%
Amortization of intangible assets	13.5			10.9			2.6		23.9%
Impairment and restructuring charges	28.9			1.0			27.9		NM
Operating income	$	187.6		$	172.3		15.3		8.9%
Operating income % to net sales	14.9		%	15.3		%			(40)	bps

Net sales increased for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The increase was ~~primarily due to~~driven by strong organic growth ~~(including positive pricing)~~ of ~~$113~~$123 million and the benefit of acquisitions (net of divestitures) of $45 million, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes of ~~$15~~$30 million. The higher organic revenue was driven by higher demand ~~across~~and positive pricing in both the Engineered Bearings and Industrial Motion segments.

~~Gross Profit:~~

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2022 2021 $ Change Change
Gross profit $ 327.4 $ 299.2 $ 28.2 9.4%
Gross profit % to net sales 29.1 % 29.2 % (10) bps

~~Gross profit~~Operating income increased for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, ~~2021,~~ ~~primarily~~2022, due to the favorable ~~price/~~net impact of higher sales volume (including pricing), less cost of products sold, partially offset by higher selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses, higher impairment and restructuring charges and increased amortization expense.

•Cost of products sold increased for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2022, due to higher manufacturing costs, net of favorable mix impact, of ~~$45~~$57 million, and the ~~impact~~incremental cost of ~~higher volume~~goods sold from acquisitions (net of ~~$29~~divestitures) of $34 million, partially offset by ~~higher~~the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes of $16 million and lower material and logistics costs of ~~$45~~$14 million. The higher manufacturing costs reflect continued labor and input cost inflation, as well as the impact of reduced inventory build in the current quarter compared to a year ago.

~~Selling, General and Administrative ("SG&A") Expenses:~~

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2022 2021 $ Change Change
Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 154.1 $ 144.5 $ 9.6 6.6 %
Selling, general and administrative expenses % to net sales 13.7 % 14.1 % (40) bps

•SG&A expenses increased for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The increase for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, as compared to the year-ago period was ~~primari~~lyprimarily due to higher compensation costs (including incentive-based compensation) and ~~other~~increased spending to support the higher sales and business activity levels.

•Amortization of intangible assets increased for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to the addition of intangible assets from the GGB acquisition, which was completed in the fourth quarter of 2022.

•Impairment and restructuring charges were higher for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2022 primarily due to the impairment of goodwill. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company reviewed goodwill for impairment for its reporting units due to the change in reporting segments that went into effect January 1, 2023. As a result of this analysis the Company determined that one of the new reporting units within the Industrial Motion segment could not support the carrying value of its goodwill, and subsequently recorded a pretax impairment loss of $28.3 million in the first quarter of 2023.

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~~Impairment~~Interest Income and ~~Restructuring:~~Expense:

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2022 2021 $ Change % Change
Impairment charges $ — $ 3.4 $ (3.4) NM
Severance and related benefit costs 0.3 0.5 (0.2) (40.0) %
Exit costs 0.7 0.1 0.6 NM
Total $ 1.0 $ 4.0 $ (3.0) (75.0) %


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
Interest expense	$	(24.1)	$	(14.3)	$	(9.8)	68.5	%
Interest income	1.5		0.6		$	0.9	150.0	%

~~Impairment and restructuring charges of $1.0 million during~~

The increase in interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2022 ~~were comprised primarily of severance~~was due to increased debt levels and related benefits and exit costs related to the planned closure of the Company's Villa Carcina, Italy bearing plant. This initiative is expected to reduce headcount and right-size the Company's manufacturing footprint.

~~Impairment and restructuring charges of $4.0 million during the~~ ~~three months ended~~ March 31, 2021 were comprised primarily of impairment charges related to certain engineering-related assets used in the business. Management concluded no further investment would be made in these assets and, as a result, reduced the value to zero. In addition, severance and related benefits are associated with initiatives to reduce headcount and right-size the Company's manufacturing footprint, including the planned closure of the Company's Indianapolis, Indiana chain plant.

~~Refer to~~ ~~Note 13 - Impairment and Restructuring Charges~~ in~~the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.~~higher average interest rates.

Other Income (Expense):


		Three Months Ended March 31,									Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022		2021		$ Change		% Change			2023		2022		$ Change		% Change

Non-service pension and other postretirement income	Non-service pension and other postretirement income	$	1.3	$	4.0	$	(2.7)	(67.5)	%	Non-service pension and other postretirement income	$	0.1	$	1.3	$	(1.2)	(92.3)	%
Other income, net	Other income, net	0.2		1.0		(0.8)		(80.0)	%	Other income, net	3.1		0.2		2.9		NM
Total other income	Total other income	$	1.5	$	5.0	$	(3.5)	(70.0)	%	Total other income	$	3.2	$	1.5	$	1.7	113.3	%

Non-service pension and other postretirement income decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2022, ~~compared with the~~ ~~three~~ ~~months ended March 31, 2021,~~ primarily due to higher pension remeasurement losses in 2022. The remeasurements were triggered by expected lump sum payments to new retirees exceeding annual service and interest costs for one of the Company's U.S. defined benefit pension plans. As a result of the remeasurements, the Company recognized net actuarial losses of $2.6 million and $0.9 million during the ~~three~~ ~~months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively. The decrease was also~~ due to a lower expected return on pension plan assets and higher interest expense on pension plan obligations. In addition, the Company recognized a pension remeasurement gain in 2023, compared to pension remeasurement loss in 2022. ~~Refer~~Refer to Note 1416 - Retirement Benefit Plans and Note 1517 - Other Postretirement Benefit Plans in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Other income, net ~~decreased~~increased for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, ~~2021, primarily~~2022, due to gains on divestitures of $4.0 million primarily related to the ~~bargain purchase gain on~~sale of SE Setco, a 50% owned joint venture, partially offset foreign currency losses of $0.2 million, net of derivative activity, during the ~~acquisition~~three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to foreign currency gains of ~~Aurora that was recognized in 2021.~~$0.5 million, net of derivative activity, during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

~~Table of Contents~~

Income Tax Expense:


		Three Months Ended March 31,											Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022			2021			$ Change		Change			2023			2022			$ Change		Change
Provision for income taxes	Provision for income taxes	$	38.2		$	25.3		$	12.9	51.0	%	Provision for income taxes	$	42.5		$	38.2		$	4.3	11.3	%
Effective tax rate	Effective tax rate	23.9		%	17.9		%			600	bps	Effective tax rate	25.3		%	23.9		%			140	bps

Income tax expense increased ~~$12.9~~$4.3 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 primarily due to ~~higher pre-tax earnings and a discrete tax benefit~~an increase in the ~~prior year for release~~mix of ~~accruals for uncertain~~earnings in international jurisdictions with relatively higher tax ~~positions from the settlement of the 2017 and 2018 U.S. federal tax years.~~rates.

Refer to Note 56 - Income Taxes for more information on the computation of the income tax expense in interim periods.

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BUSINESS SEGMENTS

The Company's reportable segments are product-based business ~~units~~groups that serve ~~different industry sectors. While the segments operate using shared infrastructure, each reportable segment is managed to address specific customer needs~~customers in ~~these~~ diverse ~~market sectors.~~industrial markets. The primary measurement used by management to measure the financial performance of each segment is EBITDA. Refer to Note 4 - Segment Information in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the reconciliation of EBITDA by segment to consolidated income before income taxes.

The presentation of segment results below includes a reconciliation of the changes in net sales for each segment reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP to net sales adjusted to remove the effects of acquisitions and divestitures completed in ~~2021~~2023 and 2022 and foreign currency exchange rate changes. The effects of acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency exchange rate changes on net sales are removed to allow investors and the Company to meaningfully evaluate the percentage change in net sales on a comparable basis from period to period.

The following item represents the Company's acquisitions and divestitures completed in ~~2021:~~2023 and 2022:

•The Company acquired ~~Intelligent Machine Solutions~~ARB during the first quarter of 2023. Results for ARB are reported in the Engineered Bearings segment.

•The Company acquired GGB during the fourth quarter of 2022. Results for GGB are reported in the Engineered Bearings segment.

•The Company completed the sale of Timken Aerospace Drive Systems ("~~iMS"~~ADS") during the fourth quarter of 2022. Results for ADS were reported in the Industrial Motion segment.

•The Company completed the sale of Timken-Rus Service Company ooo ("Timken Russia") during the third quarter of ~~2021.~~ 2022. Results for Timken Russia were reported in the Engineered Bearings segment.

•The ~~majority~~Company acquired Spinea during the second quarter of ~~the results~~2022. Results for ~~iMS~~Spinea are reported in the ~~Process Industries~~Industrial Motion segment.

~~Mobile Industries~~Engineered Bearings Segment:


		Three Months Ended March 31,											Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022			2021			$ Change		Change			2023			2022			$ Change		Change
Net sales	Net sales	$	540.4		$	504.5		$	35.9	7.1%		Net sales	$	900.7		$	772.4		$	128.3	16.6%
EBITDA	EBITDA	$	75.1		$	79.6		$	(4.5)	(5.7%)		EBITDA	$	205.0		$	168.3		$	36.7	21.8%
EBITDA margin	EBITDA margin	13.9		%	15.8		%			(190)	bps	EBITDA margin	22.8		%	21.8		%			100	bps

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2022 2021 $ Change % Change
Net sales $ 540.4 $ 504.5 $ 35.9 7.1 %
Less: Currency (9.2) (9.2) NM
Net sales, excluding the impact of currency $ 549.6 $ 504.5 $ 45.1 8.9 %


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
Net sales	$	900.7	$	772.4	$	128.3	16.6	%

Less: Acquisitions	55.7				55.7		NM
Divestitures	(3.5)				(3.5)		NM
Currency	(22.1)				(22.1)		NM
Net sales, excluding the impacts of acquisitions, divestitures and currency	$	811.4	$	772.4	$	39.0	5.0	%

The ~~Mobile Industries~~Engineered Bearings segment's net sales, excluding the effects of acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency exchange rate changes, increased ~~$45.1~~$39.0 million or ~~8.9%~~5.0% in the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, ~~2021,~~2022. The increase ~~reflecting~~reflects organic growth (including pricing) across most sectors, led by renewable energy, distribution, rail and heavy industries. EBITDA increased ~~shipments in the off-highway and rail sectors, as well as higher net pricing, partially offset~~ by ~~lower shipments in the automotive sector.~~ ~~EBITDA decreased by $4.5~~$36.7 million or ~~5.7%~~21.8% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, primarily due to favorable price/mix, the impact of higher sales volume, lower material and logistics costs and the benefit of acquisitions, partially offset by higher manufacturing costs and SG&A expenses, and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes.

Table of Contents

Industrial Motion Segment:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022			$ Change		Change
Net sales	$	362.1		$	352.2		$	9.9	2.8%
EBITDA	$	48.2		$	62.4		$	(14.2)	(22.8%)
EBITDA margin	13.3		%	17.7		%			(440)	bps


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
Net sales	$	362.1	$	352.2	$	9.9	2.8	%
Less: Acquisitions	5.3				5.3		NM
Divestitures	(12.8)				(12.8)		NM
Currency	(7.5)				(7.5)		NM
Net sales, excluding the impact of acquisitions, divestitures and currency	$	377.1	$	352.2	$	24.9	7.1	%

The Industrial Motion segment's net sales, excluding the effects of acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency exchange rate changes, increased $24.9 million or 7.1% in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase reflects organic growth (including pricing) across the portfolio, with the automatic lubrication systems platform posting the strongest growth. EBITDA decreased $14.2 million or 22.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2022 primarily due to higher ~~material, logistics~~impairment and ~~other operating~~restructuring charges, as well as higher manufacturing costs and SG&A expenses, partially offset by favorable price/mix and the impact of higher sales volume. The higher impairment and restructuring charges were primarily related to the impairment of goodwill for one of the segment's reporting units.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~Process Industries Segment:~~

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2022 2021 $ Change Change
Net sales $ 584.2 $ 520.9 $ 63.3 12.2%
EBITDA $ 155.6 $ 131.0 $ 24.6 18.8%
EBITDA margin 26.6 % 25.1 % 150 bps

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2022 2021 $ Change % Change
Net sales $ 584.2 $ 520.9 $ 63.3 12.2 %
Less: Acquisitions 1.2 1.2 NM
Currency (6.0) (6.0) NM
Net sales, excluding the impact of acquisitions and currency $ 589.0 $ 520.9 $ 68.1 13.1 %

The Process Industries segment's net sales, excluding the effects of acquisitions and foreign currency exchange rate changes, increased $68.1 million or 13.1% in the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2021. The increase was primarily driven by increased demand in the distribution, general industrial, heavy industries, marine and services sectors, as well as higher net pricing, partially offset by lower revenue in the renewable energy sector. ~~EBITDA increased $24.6 million or 18.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2021~~ ~~primarily due to favorable price/mix and higher volume, partially offset by higher material, logistics and other operating costs.~~

Unallocated ~~Corporate:~~Corporate


		Three Months Ended March 31,											Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022			2021			$ Change		Change			2023			2022			$ Change		Change
Unallocated corporate expense	Unallocated corporate expense	$	(12.9)		$	(11.6)		$	(1.3)	11.2	%	Unallocated corporate expense	$	(17.7)		$	(12.9)		$	(4.8)	37.2	%
Unallocated corporate expense % to net sales	Unallocated corporate expense % to net sales	(1.1)		%	(1.1)		%			—	bps	Unallocated corporate expense % to net sales	(1.4)		%	(1.1)		%			(30)	bps

The increase in unallocated corporate expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared with the threemonths ended March 31, 2022 ~~compared with the~~ ~~three~~ ~~months ended March 31, 2021~~ was ~~primarily~~primarily due to higher ~~variable~~ compensation ~~expense.~~

expense and other spending to support increased business activity levels.

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CASH FLOW

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2022 2021 $ Change
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities $ (1.2) $ 31.7 $ (32.9)
Net cash used in investing activities (35.0) (39.4) 4.4
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 204.7 (6.4) 211.1
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (1.2) (3.9) 2.7
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 167.3 $ (18.0) $ 185.3


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022		$ Change


Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	78.6	$	(1.2)	$	79.8


Net cash used in investing activities	(64.5)		(35.0)		(29.5)


Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(17.5)		204.7		(222.2)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	1.8		(1.2)		3.0
(Decrease) Increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(1.6)	$	167.3	$	(168.9)

Operating Activities:

The ~~change~~increase in net cash ~~(used in)~~ provided by operating activities for the first three months of ~~2022~~2023 compared with the first three months of ~~2021~~2022 was primarily due to ~~an increase~~a decrease in cash used for working capital items of ~~$46.3 million, partially offset by an increase in the benefit of income taxes on cash of $6.5 million and higher net income of $5.9~~$74.6 million. Refer to the tables below for additional detail of the impact of each line item on net cash provided by operating activities.

The following table displays the impact of working capital items on cash during the three months of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively:


		Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022		2021		$ Change			2023		2022		$ Change
Cash (Used) Provided:
Cash (used in) provided by:								Cash (used in) provided by:
Accounts receivable	Accounts receivable	$	(118.2)	$	(138.9)	$	20.7	Accounts receivable	$	(50.3)	$	(118.2)	$	67.9
Unbilled receivables	Unbilled receivables	16.1		(2.5)		18.6		Unbilled receivables	(11.1)		16.1		(27.2)
Inventories	Inventories	(70.2)		(33.3)		(36.9)		Inventories	6.1		(70.2)		76.3
Trade accounts payable	Trade accounts payable	7.7		19.9		(12.2)		Trade accounts payable	(9.4)		7.7		(17.1)
Other accrued expenses	Other accrued expenses	(19.5)		17.0		(36.5)		Other accrued expenses	(44.8)		(19.5)		(25.3)
Cash used in working capital items	Cash used in working capital items	$	(184.1)	$	(137.8)	$	(46.3)	Cash used in working capital items	$	(109.5)	$	(184.1)	$	74.6

The following table displays the impact of income taxes on cash during the first three months of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively:


		Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022		2021		$ Change			2023		2022		$ Change
Accrued income tax expense	Accrued income tax expense	$	38.2	$	25.3	$	12.9	Accrued income tax expense	$	42.5	$	38.2	$	4.3
Income tax payments	Income tax payments	(25.3)		(16.5)		(8.8)		Income tax payments	(54.8)		(25.3)		(29.5)
Other miscellaneous items		(4.8)		(7.2)		2.4
Cash benefit from income taxes		$	8.1	$	1.6	$	6.5
Other items								Other items	0.1		(4.8)		4.9
Change in income taxes								Change in income taxes	$	(12.2)	$	8.1	$	(20.3)

Investing Activities:

The ~~decrease~~increase in net cash used in investing activities for the first three months of ~~2022~~2023 compared with the first three months of ~~2021~~2022 was primarily due to ~~a decrease~~an increase in cash used for ~~investments in short-term marketable securities~~acquisitions of ~~$9.1 million, partially offset by an increase in capital expenditures of $4.9~~$29.2 million.

Financing Activities:

The change in net cash ~~provided by (used in)~~used in financing activities for the first three months of ~~2022~~2023 compared with the first three months of ~~2021~~2022 was primarily due to an increase in net borrowings of ~~$283.1~~$269.3 million, partially offset by an ~~increase~~decrease in the purchases of treasury shares of ~~$73.7~~$46.0 million.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Reconciliation of total debt to net debt and the ratio of net debt to capital:

Net Debt:


		March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Short-term debt, including current portion of long-term debt	Short-term debt, including current portion of long-term debt	$	41.0	$	53.8	Short-term debt, including current portion of long-term debt	$	48.6	$	49.0

Long-term debt	Long-term debt	1,747.2		1,411.1		Long-term debt	1,978.8		1,914.2
Total debt	Total debt	$	1,788.2	$	1,464.9	Total debt	$	2,027.4	$	1,963.2
Less: Cash and cash equivalents	Less: Cash and cash equivalents	424.5		257.1		Less: Cash and cash equivalents	330.5		331.6
Net debt	Net debt	$	1,363.7	$	1,207.8	Net debt	$	1,696.9	$	1,631.6

Ratio of Net Debt to Capital:


		March 31, 2022			December 31, 2021				March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Net debt	Net debt	$	1,363.7		$	1,207.8		Net debt	$	1,696.9		$	1,631.6
Total equity	Total equity	2,355.0			2,377.7			Total equity	2,436.3			2,352.9
Net debt plus total equity (capital)	Net debt plus total equity (capital)	$	3,718.7		$	3,585.5		Net debt plus total equity (capital)	$	4,133.2		$	3,984.5
Ratio of net debt to capital	Ratio of net debt to capital	36.7		%	33.7		%	Ratio of net debt to capital	41.1		%	40.9		%

The Company presents net debt because it believes net debt is more representative of the Company's financial position than total debt due to the amount of cash and cash equivalents held by the Company and the ability to utilize such cash and cash equivalents to reduce debt if needed.

At March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company had strong liquidity with ~~$424.5~~$330.5 million of cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, as well as ~~$741.2~~$686.4 million of available ~~resources of~~under committed credit lines. Of the ~~$424.5~~$330.5 million of cash and cash equivalents, ~~$267.7~~$327.9 million resided in jurisdictions outside the United States. Repatriation of non-U.S. cash could be subject to taxes and some portion may be subject to governmental restrictions. Part of the Company's strategy is to grow in attractive market sectors, many of which are outside the United States. This strategy includes making investments in facilities, equipment and potential new acquisitions. The Company plans to fund these investments, as well as meet working capital requirements, with cash and cash equivalents and unused lines of credit within the geographic location of these investments where feasible.

On ~~June 25, 2019,~~December 5, 2022, the Company entered into the Credit Agreement, which is comprised of the $750.0 million Senior Credit Facility and the $400.0 million 2027 Term Loan that each mature on December 5, 2027. The Credit Agreement amended and restated the Company's previous revolving credit agreement that was set to mature on June 25, 2024, and replaced the $350.0 million 2023 Term Loan. The Credit Agreement also replaced interest rates based on LIBOR with interest rates based on SOFR. At March 31, 2023, the Company had $63.6 million of outstanding borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility, which ~~is a $650.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility that matures on June 25, 2024. At March 31, 2022, the Senior Credit Facility had outstanding borrowings of $8.8 million, which~~ reduced the availability under this facility to ~~$641.2~~$686.4 million. The ~~Senior~~ Credit ~~Facility~~Agreement has two financial covenants: a consolidated leverage ratio and a consolidated interest coverage ratio. The maximum consolidated leverage ratio permitted under the Senior Credit Facility is 3.5 to 1.0. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company's consolidated leverage ratio was ~~2.45~~1.84 to ~~1.0 (based on total debt as described below).~~1.0. The minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio permitted under the Senior Credit Facility is 3.0 to 1.0. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company's consolidated interest coverage ratio was ~~12.54~~11.33 to 1.0.

The interest rate under the Senior Credit Facility is variable with a spread based on the Company's debt rating. The average rate on outstanding U.S. dollar borrowings was ~~1.17%~~5.72% and the average rate on outstanding Euro borrowings was ~~1.00%~~3.46% as of March 31, ~~2022.~~2023. In addition, the Company pays a facility fee based on the applicable rate, which is variable with a spread based on the Company's debt rating, multiplied by the aggregate commitments of all of the lenders under the Senior Credit Facility. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company carried investment-grade credit ratings with both Moody's (Baa2), and S&P Global (BBB-) ~~and Fitch (BBB-)~~.

Table of Contents

The Company has a $100 million Accounts Receivable Facility, which matures on November 30, 2024. The Accounts Receivable Facility is subject to certain borrowing base limitations and is secured by certain domestic trade accounts receivable of the Company. ~~Borrowings under the Accounts Receivable Facility were not reduced by any such borrowing base limitations at March 31, 2022.~~ As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company had no$100 million outstanding borrowings under the Accounts Receivable ~~Facility.~~

~~Table~~Facility and no borrowing base limitations. There was no availability under the Accounts Receivable Facility as of ~~Contents~~

March 31, 2023.

Other sources of liquidity include uncommitted short-term lines of credit for certain of the Company's foreign subsidiaries, which provide for borrowings of up to ~~approximately $268.4~~$237.4 million. At March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company had borrowings outstanding of ~~$29.9~~$38.7 million and bank guarantees of ~~$0.3~~$3.7 million, which reduced the aggregate availability under these facilities to ~~approximately $238.2~~$195.0 million.

On March 28, 2022, the Company issued the 2032 Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $350 million with an interest rate of 4.125%, maturing on April 1, ~~2032~~.2032. Proceeds from the ~~notes~~2032 Notes were used ~~to repay~~for general corporate purposes, which included repayment of borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility and the Accounts Receivable Facility outstanding at the time of ~~issuance, and for general corporate purposes.~~issuance.

At March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company was in full compliance with all applicable covenants on its outstanding debt.

The Company expects to generate higher amount of cash from operating activities in 2023 compared to 2022, ~~above 2021 levels~~ driven by higher earnings and ~~lower pension and other postretirement contributions and payments.~~improved working capital performance. The Company expects higher capital expenditures ~~between 4.0% and 4.5%~~in 2023 compared to 2022, but relatively in line with 2022 spending as a percentage of sales ~~in 2022, compared with 3.6% of sales ($148 million) in 2021.~~(4.0%).

Financing Obligations and Other Commitments:

During the first three months of ~~2022,~~2023, the Company made cash contributions and payments of ~~$4.3~~$4.4 million to its global defined benefit pension plans and ~~$0.9~~$0.4 million to its other postretirement benefit plans. The Company expects to make contributions to its global defined benefit plans of approximately ~~$10~~$25 million in ~~2022.~~2023. The Company expects to make payments of approximately $5$4 million to its other postretirement benefit plans in ~~2022.~~2023. Excluding mark-to-market charges, the Company expects ~~lower~~higher pension and other post~~retirement~~postretirement benefits expense in ~~2022.~~2023 compared to 2022 primarily due to lower expected returns on pension plan assets.

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements with unconsolidated entities or other persons.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The Company's financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. The Company reviews its critical accounting policies throughout the year. The Company has concluded that there have been no significant changes to its critical accounting policies or estimates, as described in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

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OTHER MATTERS

Foreign Currency:

Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries are translated at the rate of exchange in effect on the balance sheet date; income and expenses are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the reporting period. Related translation adjustments are reflected as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Foreign currency gains and losses resulting from transactions, and the related hedging activity, are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

For the three months ended March 31, ~~2022, th~~e2023, the Company recorded positive foreign currency translation adjustments of $27.4 million that increased shareholders' equity, compared with negative foreign currency translation adjustments of $20.0 million that decreased shareholders' ~~equity, compared with negative foreign currency translation adjustments of~~ ~~$44.0 million~~ ~~that decreased shareholders'~~ equity for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The foreign currency translation adjustments for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022 were~~ ~~negatively~~2023 were favorably impacted by th~~e strengthening~~the weakening of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies, including the ~~Euro.~~Euro, Mexican Peso and Chinese Yuan.

Foreign currency exchange gains and losses, net of hedging activity, resulting from transactions included in the Company's operating results for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 totaled ~~$2.2 million of net gains,~~ ~~compared with~~ ~~$2.1~~$3.0 million of net losses, ~~durin~~gcompared with $2.2 million of net gains during the three months ended March 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Russia Operations:

The Company ~~has~~had two subsidiaries ~~that operate~~ in Russia prior to Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, including Timken Russia, which was 100% owned by Timken and a 51%-owned joint venture ~~that produces bearings for~~to serve the Russian rail market ~~in Russia.~~("Rail JV"). As a result of Russia's invasion of Ukraine (and associated sanctions), the Company ~~recorded allowances of $3.5 million for trade receivables and other assets~~suspended operations and recorded ~~a $1.1~~property, plant and equipment impairment charges of $9.0 million ~~write-down~~and inventory write-downs of ~~inventory~~$4.1 million during the ~~three months~~year ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022. During the third quarter of 2022, the Company sold its Timken Russia business resulting in a loss of $2.7 million on the sale. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company recorded additional inventory write-downs of $0.4 million. After giving effect to these ~~allowances~~impairments and write-downs, as well as the sale of Timken Russia, as of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company has net assets (net of noncontrolling ~~interest) and cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments~~interest of $5.2 million), totaling ~~$21.9~~$7.2 million on its Consolidated Balance Sheet related to its ~~Russia operations.~~Rail JV. Net assets ~~related to the Company's Russia operations~~ include ~~$12.9~~$7.9 million of cash and cash ~~equivalents.~~equivalents that the Company has classified as restricted as the Company is presently unable to repatriate these funds to one of its subsidiaries outside of Russia. The Company will continue to monitor the events in Russia and Ukraine and may record additional asset impairments or write-offs in the future.

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NON-GAAP MEASURES

Supplemental Non-GAAP Measures:

In addition to results reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company provides information on non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures include adjusted net income, adjusted earnings per share, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margins, segment adjusted EBITDA and segment adjusted EBITDA margins, ratio of net debt to adjusted EBITDA (for the trailing 12 months), net debt, ratio of net debt to capital and free cash flow. This information is intended to supplement GAAP financial measures and is not intended to replace GAAP financial measures. Net debt and the ratio of net debt to capital is disclosed in the "Liquidity and Capital Resources" section of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA:

Adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share represent net income attributable to The Timken Company and diluted earnings per share, respectively, adjusted for intangible amortization, impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges, acquisition costs, including transaction costs and the amortization of the inventory step-up, property losses and recoveries, actuarial gains and losses associated with the remeasurement of the Company's defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans, gains and losses on the sale of real estate, gains and losses on divestitures, the income tax impact of these adjustments, as well as other discrete income tax ~~discrete~~ items, and other items from time to time that are not part of the Company's core operations. Management believes adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share are useful to investors as they are representative of the Company's core operations and are used in the management of the business.

Adjusted EBITDA represents earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, adjusted for items that are not part of the Company's core operations. These items include intangible amortization, impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges, acquisition costs, including transaction costs and the amortization of the inventory step-up, property losses and recoveries, actuarial gains and losses associated with the remeasurement of the Company's defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans, gains and losses on the sale of real estate, gains and losses on divestitures, and other items from time to time that are not part of the Company's core operations. Management believes adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors as it is representative of the Company's core operations and is used in the management of the business, including decisions concerning the allocation of resources and assessment of performance.

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Reconciliation of net income attributable to The Timken Company to adjusted net income, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA Margin:


		Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022			2021					2023			2022
Net Sales	Net Sales	$	1,124.6		$	1,025.4		Net Sales		$	1,262.8		$	1,124.6
Net Income Attributable to The Timken Company	Net Income Attributable to The Timken Company	118.2			113.3			Net Income Attributable to The Timken Company		122.3			118.2
Net Income Attributable to The Timken Company as a Percentage of Sales								Net Income Attributable to The Timken Company as a Percentage of Sales		9.7		%	10.5		%
Adjustments:								Adjustments:
Acquisition intangible amortization								Acquisition intangible amortization		13.5			10.9
Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges (1)	Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges (1)	1.6			5.2			Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges (1)		30.0			1.6
Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related expense (2)		2.6			0.9
Acquisition-related charges (gain) (3)		1.1			(0.8)
Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related (income) expense (2)								Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related (income) expense (2)		(0.9)			2.6
Russia-related charges ~~(4)~~(3)								Russia-related charges ~~(4)~~(3)		0.3			4.6
Acquisition-related charges (4)								Acquisition-related charges (4)		4.7			1.1

Gain on divestitures and sale of real estate (5)								Gain on divestitures and sale of real estate (5)		(4.8)			—

Russia-related charges ~~(4)~~(3)		4.6			—
Noncontrolling interest of above adjustments	Noncontrolling interest of above adjustments	(1.3)			0.2			Noncontrolling interest of above adjustments		(0.2)			(1.3)
Provision for income taxes (5)		(5.1)			(12.1)
Provision for income taxes (6)								Provision for income taxes (6)		(11.4)			(8.0)
Adjusted Net Income	Adjusted Net Income	$	121.7		$	106.7		Adjusted Net Income		$	153.5		$	129.7
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	3.7			2.7			Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		3.4			3.7
Provision for income taxes (as reported)	Provision for income taxes (as reported)	38.2			25.3			Provision for income taxes (as reported)		42.5			38.2
Interest expense	Interest expense	14.3			14.9			Interest expense		24.1			14.3
Interest income	Interest income	(0.6)			(0.5)			Interest income		(1.5)			(0.6)
Depreciation and amortization expense (6)		41.4			42.7
Depreciation and amortization expense (7)								Depreciation and amortization expense (7)		45.4			41.4
Less: Acquisition intangible amortization								Less: Acquisition intangible amortization		13.5			10.9
Less: Noncontrolling interest	Less: Noncontrolling interest	(1.3)			0.2			Less: Noncontrolling interest		(0.2)			(1.3)
Less: Provision for income taxes (5)		(5.1)			(12.1)
Less: Provision for income taxes (6)								Less: Provision for income taxes (6)		(11.4)			(8.0)
Adjusted EBITDA	Adjusted EBITDA	$	225.1		$	203.7		Adjusted EBITDA		$	265.5		$	225.1
Adjusted EBITDA Margin (% of net sales)	Adjusted EBITDA Margin (% of net sales)	20.0		%	19.9		%	Adjusted EBITDA Margin (% of net sales)		21.0		%	20.0		%

Diluted earnings and adjusted earnings per share in the table below are based on net income attributable to The Timken Company and adjusted net income, respectively, in the table above.


		Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022		2021				2023		2022
Diluted earnings per share (EPS)	Diluted earnings per share (EPS)	$	1.56	$	1.47	Diluted earnings per share (EPS)		$	1.67	$	1.56
Adjusted EPS	Adjusted EPS	$	1.61	$	1.38	Adjusted EPS		$	2.09	$	1.72
Diluted Shares	Diluted Shares	75,545,665		77,264,641		Diluted Shares		73,360,854		75,545,665

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Reconciliation of segment EBITDA to segment adjusted EBITDA and segment adjusted EBITDA margin:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Mobile Process Unallocated Corporate Total
Net Sales $ 540.4 $ 584.2 $ — $ 1,124.6
EBITDA 75.1 155.6 (15.5) 215.2
Impairment, restructuring and reorganization
charges (1)
1.0 0.6 — 1.6
Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit
related expense (2)
— — 2.6 2.6
Acquisition-related charges (3)
— 0.4 0.7 1.1
Russia-related charges (4)
$ 3.1 $ 1.5 — $ 4.6
Adjusted EBITDA $ 79.2 $ 158.1 $ (12.2) $ 225.1
Adjusted EBITDA Margin (% of net sales) 14.7 % 27.1 % NM 20.0 %

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		Three Months Ended March 31, 2021												Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
		Mobile			Process			Unallocated Corporate		Total				Engineered Bearings			Industrial Motion			Unallocated Corporate		Total
Net Sales	Net Sales	$	504.5		$	520.9		$	—	$	1,025.4		Net Sales	$	900.7		$	362.1		$	—	$	1,262.8
EBITDA	EBITDA	79.6			131.0			(11.9)		198.7			EBITDA	205.0			48.2			(16.8)		236.4
Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges (1)	Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges (1)	0.3			4.6			—		4.9			Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges (1)	1.1			28.7			—		29.8
Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related expense (2)		—						0.9
Acquisition-related charges (gain) (3)		0.2			0.1			(1.1)		(0.8)
Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related income (2)													Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related income (2)	—			—			(0.9)		(0.9)
Russia-related charges (3)													Russia-related charges (3)	0.3						—		0.3
Acquisition-related charges (4)													Acquisition-related charges (4)	2.2			—			2.5		4.7

Gain on divestitures and sale of real estate (5)													Gain on divestitures and sale of real estate (5)	(4.8)			—			—		(4.8)
Adjusted EBITDA	Adjusted EBITDA	$	80.1		$	135.7		$	(12.1)	$	203.7		Adjusted EBITDA	$	203.8		$	76.9		$	(15.2)	$	265.5
Adjusted EBITDA Margin (% of net sales)	Adjusted EBITDA Margin (% of net sales)	15.9		%	26.0		%	NM		19.9		%	Adjusted EBITDA Margin (% of net sales)	22.6		%	21.2		%	NM		21.0		%


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Engineered Bearings			Industrial Motion			Unallocated Corporate		Total
Net Sales	$	772.4		$	352.2		$	—	$	1,124.6
EBITDA	168.3			62.4			(15.5)		215.2
Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges (1)	1.0			0.6			—		1.6
Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related expense (2)	—			—			2.6		2.6
Russia-related charges (3)	4.6			—			—		4.6
Acquisition-related charges (4)	—			0.4			0.7		1.1
Adjusted EBITDA	$	173.9		$	63.4		$	(12.2)	$	225.1
Adjusted EBITDA Margin (% of net sales)	22.5		%	18.0		%	NM		20.0		%

(1) Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges (including items recorded in cost of products sold) relate to: (i) plant closures; (ii) the rationalization of certain plants; ~~and~~ (iii) severance related to cost reduction ~~initiatives.~~initiatives; and (iv) impairment of assets. Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges for 2023 included $28.3 million related to the impairment of goodwill. The Company re-assesses its operating footprint and cost structure periodically, and makes adjustments as needed that result in restructuring charges. However, management believes these actions are not representative of the Company’s core ~~operations.~~ operations.

(2) Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related (income) expense represents actuarial (gains) and losses ~~(gains)~~ that resulted from the remeasurement of plan assets and obligations as a result of changes in assumptions or experience. The Company recognizes actuarial ~~losses~~(gains) and ~~(gains)~~losses in connection with the annual remeasurement in the fourth quarter, or if specific events trigger a remeasurement. Refer to Note 1416 - Retirement Benefit Plans and Note 1517 - Other Postretirement Benefit Plans for additional discussion.

(3)Acquisition-related charges (gain) represent the contingent consideration related to the acquisition of iMS that closed on August 20, 2021, and deal-related expenses associated with completed and certain unsuccessful transactions, as well as any resulting inventory step-up impact. In addition, the 2021 acquisition-related gain includes measurement period adjustments to the bargain purchase gain on the acquisition of the assets of Aurora that closed on November 30, 2020.

~~(4)~~ Russia-related charges include impairments and allowances ~~or impairments~~ recorded against certain ~~trade receivables,~~property, plant and equipment, inventory and ~~other assets~~trade receivables to reflect the current impact of Russia's invasion of Ukraine (and associated sanctions) on the Company's operations. In addition to impairments and allowances recorded, the Company recorded a loss on the divestiture of its Timken Russia business during the fourth quarter of 2022. Refer to Russia Operations on page 3034 above for additional information.

(4) Acquisition-related charges represent deal-related expenses associated with completed transactions and any resulting inventory step-up impact.

(5)Represents the net gain resulting from divestitures and the sale of real estate.

(6) Provision for income taxes includes the net tax impact on pre-tax adjustments (listed above), the impact of discrete tax items recorded during the respective periods as well as other adjustments to reflect the use of one overall effective tax rate on adjusted pre-tax income in interim periods.

~~(6)~~(7) Depreciation and amortization shown excludes depreciation recognized in reorganization charges, if any.

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Free Cash Flow:

Free cash flow represents net cash provided by (used in) operating activities less capital expenditures. Management believes free cash flow is useful to investors because it is a meaningful indicator of cash generated from operating activities available for the execution of its business strategy.

Reconciliation of net cash provided by operating activities to free cash flow:


		Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
			2022		2021				2023		2022
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities			$	(1.2)	$	31.7
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities							Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		$	78.6	$	(1.2)
Capital expenditures	Capital expenditures		(34.3)		(29.4)		Capital expenditures		(41.7)		(34.3)
Free cash flow	Free cash flow		$	(35.5)	$	2.3	Free cash flow		$	36.9	$	(35.5)

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Ratio of Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA:

The ratio of net debt to adjusted EBITDA for the trailing twelve months represents total debt less cash and cash equivalents divided by adjusted EBITDA for the trailing twelve months. The Company presents net debt to adjusted EBITDA because it believes it is more representative of the Company's financial position as it is reflective of the Company's ability to cover its net debt obligations with results from its core operations. Net income for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 was ~~$387.4~~$420.8 million and ~~$381.5~~$417.0 million, respectively. Net debt to adjusted EBITDA for the trailing twelve months was ~~1.8~~1.9 at March 31, ~~2022, compared with 1.7 at~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Reconciliation of Net income to Adjusted EBITDA for the trailing twelve months:


		Twelve Months Ended					Twelve Months Ended
		March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Net income	Net income	$	387.4	$	381.5	Net income	$	420.8	$	417.0
Provision for income taxes	Provision for income taxes	108.0		95.1		Provision for income taxes	138.2		133.9
Interest expense	Interest expense	58.2		58.8		Interest expense	84.4		74.6
Interest income	Interest income	(2.4)		(2.3)		Interest income	(4.7)		(3.8)
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	166.2		167.8		Depreciation and amortization	168.2		164.0
Consolidated EBITDA	Consolidated EBITDA	717.4		700.9		Consolidated EBITDA	806.9		785.7
Adjustments:	Adjustments:					Adjustments:
Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges (1)	Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges (1)	$	11.0	$	14.3	Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges (1)	$	67.7	$	39.5
Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related expense (2)		2.0		0.3
Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related (income) expense (2)						Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related (income) expense (2)	(0.6)		2.9
Acquisition-related charges (3)	Acquisition-related charges (3)	4.2		2.3		Acquisition-related charges (3)	18.4		14.8

Gain on divestitures and sale of real estate (4)						Gain on divestitures and sale of real estate (4)	(7.7)		(2.9)

Russia-related charges ~~(4)~~(5)	Russia-related charges ~~(4)~~(5)	4.6		—		Russia-related charges ~~(4)~~(5)	11.3		15.6
Tax indemnification and related items	Tax indemnification and related items	0.2		0.2		Tax indemnification and related items	0.3		0.3
Total adjustments	Total adjustments	22.0		17.1		Total adjustments	89.4		70.2
Adjusted EBITDA	Adjusted EBITDA	$	739.4	$	718.0	Adjusted EBITDA	$	896.3	$	855.9
Net Debt	Net Debt	$	1,363.7	$	1,207.8	Net Debt	$	1,696.9	$	1,631.6
Ratio of Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA	Ratio of Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA	1.8		1.7		Ratio of Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA	1.9		1.9

(1) Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges (including items recorded in cost of products sold) relate to: (i) plant closures; (ii) the rationalization of certain ~~plants and~~plants; (iii) severance related to cost reduction ~~initiatives.~~initiatives; and (iv) impairment of assets. Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023 included $29.3 million related to the sale of ADS. In addition, impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges for the twelve months ended March 31, 2023 included $28.3 million related to the impairment of goodwill. The Company re-assesses its operating footprint and cost structure periodically, and makes adjustments as needed that result in restructuring charges. However, management believes these actions are not representative of the Company’s core operations.

(2) Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related (income) expense represents actuarial ~~losses~~(gains) and ~~(gains)~~losses that resulted from the remeasurement of plan assets and obligations as a result of changes in assumptions or experience. The Company recognizes actuarial ~~losses~~(gains) and ~~(gains)~~losses in connection with the annual remeasurement in the fourth quarter, or if specific events trigger a remeasurement.

(3) Acquisition-related charges represent ~~contingent consideration related to the acquisition of iMS that closed on August 20, 2021, and~~ deal-related expenses associated with completed ~~and certain unsuccessful~~ transactions ~~as well as~~and any resulting inventory step-up impact. ~~Also included is the acquisition-related gain related to measurement period adjustments to the bargain purchase gain on the acquisition of the assets of Aurora that closed on November 30, 2020.~~

(4) Represents the net gain resulting from divestitures and the sale of real estate.

(5) Russia-related charges include allowances orand impairments recorded against certain trade receivables, inventory and other assets to reflect the current impact of Russia's invasion of Ukraine (and associated sanctions) on the Company's operations. In addition to impairments and allowances recorded, the Company recorded a loss on the divestiture of its Timken Russia business during the fourth quarter of 2022. Refer to Russia Operations on page 3034 in Management Discussion and Analysis for additional information.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements set forth in this Form 10-Q and in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022 that are not historical in nature (including the Company's forecasts, beliefs and expectations) are “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In particular, Management's Discussion and Analysis contains numerous forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements generally will be accompanied by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “intend,” “may,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project” or other similar words, phrases or expressions. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q. The Company cautions readers that actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company due to a variety of factors, such as:

•deterioration in world economic conditions, or in economic conditions in any of the geographic regions in which the Company or its customers or suppliers conduct business, including adverse effects from a global economic slowdown or recession, terrorism, or hostilities. This includes: political risks associated with the potential instability of governments and legal systems in countries in which the Company or its customers or suppliers conduct business, changes in currency valuations and recent world events that have increased the risks posed by international trade disputes, tariffs and sanctions;

•negative impacts to the Company's business, results of operations, financial position or liquidity, disruption to the Company's supply chains, negative impacts to customer demand or operations, and availability and health of employees, as a result of COVID-19 or other pandemics and associated governmental measures such as restrictions on travel and manufacturing operations;

•the effects of fluctuations in customer demand on sales, product mix and prices in the industries in which the Company operates. This includes: the ability of the Company to respond to rapid changes in customer demand, disruptions to the Company's supply chain, logistical issues associated with port closures or congestion, delays or increased costs, the effects of customer or supplier bankruptcies or liquidations, the impact of changes in industrial business cycles, the effects of distributor inventory corrections reflecting de-stocking of the supply chain and whether conditions of fair trade continue in the Company's markets;

•competitive factors, including changes in market penetration, increasing price competition by existing or new foreign and domestic competitors, the introduction of new products or services by existing and new competitors, competition for skilled labor and new technology that may impact the way the Company’s products are produced, sold or distributed;

•changes in operating costs. This includes: the effect of changes in the Company’s manufacturing processes; changes in costs associated with varying levels of operations and manufacturing capacity; availability and cost of raw materials and energy; disruptions to the Company's supply chain and logistical issues associated with port closures or congestion, delays or increased costs; changes in the expected costs associated with product warranty claims; changes resulting from inventory management and cost reduction initiatives; the effects of unplanned plant shutdowns; the effects of government-imposed restrictions, ~~and~~ commercial requirements ~~meant to address~~and Company goals associated with climate ~~change;~~change and emissions or other waste reduction initiatives; and changes in the cost of labor and benefits;

•the impact of inflation on employee expenses, shipping costs, raw material costs, energy and fuel costs and other production costs;

•the success of the Company’s operating plans, announced programs, initiatives and capital investments; the ability to integrate acquired companies and to address material issues both identified and not uncovered during the Company's due diligence review; and the ability of acquired companies to achieve satisfactory operating results, including results being accretive to earnings, realization of synergies and expected cash flow generation;

•the Company’s ability to maintain appropriate relations with unions or works councils that represent Company associates in certain locations in order to avoid disruptions of ~~business and to maintain~~business; the continued ~~service~~attraction, retention and development of ~~our~~ management and other key ~~employees;~~employees, the successful development and execution of succession plans and management of other human capital matters;

•unanticipated litigation, claims, investigations or assessments. This includes: claims, investigations or problems related to intellectual property, product liability or warranty, foreign export and trade laws, government procurement regulations, competition and anti-bribery laws, climate change, environmental or health and safety issues, data privacy and taxes;

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•changes in worldwide financial and capital markets ~~including~~impacting the availability of financing ~~and interest rates~~ on satisfactory terms, as a result of financial stress affecting the banking system or otherwise, and the rising interest rate environment, which affect the Company’s cost of funds and/or ability to raise capital, as well as

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customer demand and the ability of customers to obtain financing to purchase the Company’s products or equipment that contain the Company’s products;

•the Company's ability to satisfy its obligations and comply with covenants under its debt agreements, maintain favorable credit ratings and its ability to renew or refinance borrowings on favorable terms;

•the impact on the Company's pension obligations and assets due to changes in interest rates, investment performance and other tactics designed to reduce risk; and

•those items identified under Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022 or this Form 10-Q.

Additional risks relating to the Company's business, the industries in which the Company operates, or the Company's common shares may be described from time to time in the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. All of these risk factors are difficult to predict, are subject to material uncertainties that may affect actual results and may be beyond the Company's control.

Readers are cautioned that it is not possible to predict or identify all of the risks, uncertainties and other factors that may affect future results and that the above list should not be considered to be a complete list. Except as required by the federal securities laws, the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Refer to information appearing under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Form 10-Q. Furthermore, a discussion of market risk exposures is included in Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. There have been no material changes in reported market risk since the inclusion of this discussion in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K referenced above.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a)Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)). Based upon that evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

(b)Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the Company’s fiscal quarter ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

On January 31, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of ARB. The results of this acquisition are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements for the first three months of 2023. The total and net assets of ARB represented less than 1% of the Company's total assets and net assets as of March 31, 2023. The net sales of ARB represented less than 1% of the Company's consolidated net sales for the first three months of 2023

The scope of the Company's assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting will not include the ARB acquisition noted above. This exclusion is in accordance with the SEC's general guidance that an assessment of a recently acquired business may be omitted from the Company's scope in the year of acquisition.

On November 4, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of GGB. The results of this acquisition are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements for the first three months of 2023. The total and net assets of GGB represented 7% of the Company's total assets and 14% of the Company's net assets as of March 31, 2023. The net sales of GGB represented 4% of the Company's consolidated net sales for the first three months of 2023.

On May 31, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Spinea. The results of this acquisition are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements for the first three months of 2023. The total and net assets of Spinea represented 3% of the Company's total assets and 6% of the Company's net assets as of March 31, 2023. The net sales of Spinea represented less than 1% of the Company's consolidated net sales for the first three months of 2023.

The Company is currently integrating these acquisitions into its internal control framework and processes, and as prescribed by U.S Securities and Exchange Commission rules and regulations, the Company will include Spinea and GGB in the internal control over financial reporting assessment as of December 31, 2023.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") regulations require us to disclose certain information about environmental proceedings when a governmental authority is a party to the proceedings if we reasonably believe that such proceedings may result in monetary sanctions above a stated threshold. Pursuant to such regulations, the Company uses the maximum permitted threshold of $1 million or more for purposes of determining whether disclosure of any such proceedings is required. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, included a detailed discussion of our risk factors. There have been no material changes to the risk factors included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Investors should not interpret the disclosure of any risk factor to imply that the risk has not already materialized.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Issuer Purchases of Common Shares

The following table provides information about purchases by the Company of its common shares during the quarter ended March 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

Period
Total number
of shares
purchased (1)
Average
price paid
per share (2)
Total number
of shares
purchased as
part of publicly
announced
plans or
programs
Maximum
number of
shares that
may yet
be purchased
under the plans
or programs (3)
1/1/2022 - 1/31/2022 451,275 $ 71.42 450,000 8,600,000
2/1/2022 - 2/28/2022 583,758 66.88 475,000 8,125,000
3/1/2022 - 3/31/2022 576,354 62.82 575,000 7,550,000
Total 1,611,387 $ 66.70 1,500,000 —


Period	Total number of shares purchased (1)	Average price paid per share (2)		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs	Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (3)
1/1/2023 - 1/31/2023	202,205	$	74.58	200,000	5,600,000
2/1/2023 - 2/28/2023	340,256	84.77		190,000	5,410,000
3/1/2023 - 3/31/2023	291,102	81.54		281,010	5,128,990
Total	833,563	$	81.17	671,010	—

(1)Of the shares purchased in January, February and March, 2,205, ~~1,275, 108,758 and~~150,256 ~~1,354~~and 10,092, respectively, represent common shares of the Company that were owned and tendered by employees to exercise stock options and to satisfy withholding obligations in connection with the exercise of stock options or vesting of restricted shares.

(2)For shares tendered in connection with the vesting of restricted shares, the average price paid per share is an average calculated using the daily high and low of the Company's common shares as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange at the time of vesting. For shares tendered in connection with the exercise of stock options, the price paid is the real-time trading stock price at the time the options are exercised.

(3)On February 12, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors approved a new share purchase plan, effective March 1, 2021, pursuant to which the Company may purchase up to ten million of its common shares, in the aggregate. This share purchase plan expires on February 28, 2026. Under this plan, the Company may purchase shares from time to time in open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, and it may make all or part of the purchases pursuant to accelerated share repurchases or Rule 10b5-1 plans.

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Item 6. Exhibits










































































31.1			Certification of Richard G. Kyle, President and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) of The Timken Company, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2			Certification of Philip D. Fracassa, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) of The Timken Company, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32			Certifications of Richard G. Kyle, President and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Philip D. Fracassa, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) of The Timken Company, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101			Financial statements from the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of The Timken Company for the quarter ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 filed on May ~~2, 2022,~~3, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

104			Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


						THE TIMKEN COMPANY

Date: May ~~2, 2022~~3, 2023						By: /s/ Richard G. Kyle
						Richard G. Kyle President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May ~~2, 2022~~3, 2023						By: /s/ Philip D. Fracassa
						Philip D. Fracassa Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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