UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q


(Mark One)
☑			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED ~~SEPTEMBER~~JUNE 30, ~~2022~~2023


			OR
☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________ .

Commission File Number 1-6903

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		75-0225040
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
14221 N. Dallas Parkway, Suite 1100
Dallas,	Texas	75254-2957
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(214) 631-4420

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	TRN	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨

Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No þ

At ~~October 18, 2022,~~July 25, 2023, the number of shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding was ~~81,403,369.~~81,853,551.

TRINITY INDUSTRIES, INC.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1. Financial Statements

Trinity Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(unaudited)


		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021			2023		2022		2023		2022
		(in millions, except per share amounts)									(in millions, except per share amounts)
Revenues:	Revenues:									Revenues:
Manufacturing	Manufacturing	$	302.0	$	234.5	$	813.5	$	490.2	Manufacturing	$	499.4	$	221.7	$	937.8	$	511.5
Leasing	Leasing	194.6		185.3		572.6		553.6		Leasing	223.0		195.1		426.3		378.0
		496.6		419.8		1,386.1		1,043.8			722.4		416.8		1,364.1		889.5
Operating costs:	Operating costs:									Operating costs:
Cost of revenues:	Cost of revenues:									Cost of revenues:
Manufacturing	Manufacturing	288.0		238.8		804.4		488.0		Manufacturing	479.9		220.8		901.9		516.4
Leasing	Leasing	107.3		98.6		315.0		297.8		Leasing	121.3		104.8		237.8		207.7
		395.3		337.4		1,119.4		785.8			601.2		325.6		1,139.7		724.1
Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses:	Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses:									Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses:
Manufacturing	Manufacturing	8.7		8.3		25.4		25.4		Manufacturing	8.7		7.0		16.9		16.7
Leasing	Leasing	14.2		11.6		39.6		36.1		Leasing	14.0		12.6		29.7		25.4
Other	Other	25.1		25.9		72.7		75.2		Other	31.6		25.4		57.6		47.6
		48.0		45.8		137.7		136.7			54.3		45.0		104.2		89.7
Gains on dispositions of property:	Gains on dispositions of property:									Gains on dispositions of property:
Lease portfolio sales	Lease portfolio sales	34.3		32.9		73.0		45.7		Lease portfolio sales	29.8		26.9		43.3		38.7
Other	Other	5.1		8.7		19.5		19.5		Other	0.6		0.9		2.4		14.4
		39.4		41.6		92.5		65.2			30.4		27.8		45.7		53.1

Restructuring activities, net	Restructuring activities, net	—		(0.1)		1.0		(1.1)		Restructuring activities, net	(1.8)		1.0		(2.2)		1.0
Total operating profit	Total operating profit	92.7		78.3		220.5		187.6		Total operating profit	99.1		73.0		168.1		127.8
Other (income) expense:	Other (income) expense:									Other (income) expense:
Interest expense, net	Interest expense, net	55.0		45.2		148.2		147.5		Interest expense, net	66.9		49.7		129.0		93.2
Loss on extinguishment of debt	Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		1.5		11.7		Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		1.5		—		1.5

Other, net	Other, net	(0.6)		(0.7)		(2.7)		1.3		Other, net	1.3		(0.5)		2.9		(2.1)
		54.4		44.5		147.0		160.5			68.2		50.7		131.9		92.6
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	Income from continuing operations before income taxes	38.3		33.8		73.5		27.1		Income from continuing operations before income taxes	30.9		22.3		36.2		35.2
Provision (benefit) for income taxes:	Provision (benefit) for income taxes:									Provision (benefit) for income taxes:
Current	Current	(2.6)		0.5		1.2		5.7		Current	3.1		2.0		4.0		3.8
Deferred	Deferred	11.2		7.8		16.2		3.7		Deferred	4.3		3.8		(8.1)		5.0
		8.6		8.3		17.4		9.4			7.4		5.8		(4.1)		8.8
Income from continuing operations	Income from continuing operations	29.7		25.5		56.1		17.7		Income from continuing operations	23.5		16.5		40.3		26.4
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of provision (benefit) for income taxes of $(1.0), $3.6, $(3.5), and $8.0		(3.4)		10.4		(13.7)		24.3
Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of benefit for income taxes of $—, $—, $1.4, and $—		—		—		(5.7)		—
Loss from discontinued operations, net of benefit for income taxes of $0.7, $0.5, $1.5 and $2.5										Loss from discontinued operations, net of benefit for income taxes of $0.7, $0.5, $1.5 and $2.5	(2.3)		(3.4)		(5.4)		(10.3)
Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of benefit for income taxes of $—, $1.0, $— and $1.4										Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of benefit for income taxes of $—, $1.0, $— and $1.4	—		(4.6)		—		(5.7)
Net income	Net income	26.3		35.9		36.7		42.0		Net income	21.2		8.5		34.9		10.4
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest		0.5		3.9		7.9		(6.0)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest										Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	4.2		4.8		13.5		7.4
Net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	Net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	25.8	$	32.0	$	28.8	$	48.0	Net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	17.0	$	3.7	$	21.4	$	3.0

Basic earnings per common share:	Basic earnings per common share:									Basic earnings per common share:
Income from continuing operations	Income from continuing operations	$	0.36	$	0.22	$	0.59	$	0.23	Income from continuing operations	$	0.24	$	0.14	$	0.33	$	0.23
Income (loss) from discontinued operations		(0.04)		0.11		(0.24)		0.23
Loss from discontinued operations										Loss from discontinued operations	(0.03)		(0.10)		(0.07)		(0.19)
Basic net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	Basic net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	0.32	$	0.33	$	0.35	$	0.46	Basic net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	0.21	$	0.04	$	0.26	$	0.04
Diluted earnings per common share:	Diluted earnings per common share:									Diluted earnings per common share:
Income from continuing operations	Income from continuing operations	$	0.35	$	0.22	$	0.57	$	0.22	Income from continuing operations	$	0.23	$	0.14	$	0.32	$	0.23
Income (loss) from discontinued operations		(0.04)		0.11		(0.23)		0.23
Loss from discontinued operations										Loss from discontinued operations	(0.03)		(0.10)		(0.06)		(0.19)
Diluted net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	Diluted net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	0.31	$	0.33	$	0.34	$	0.45	Diluted net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	0.20	$	0.04	$	0.26	$	0.04
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:	Weighted average number of shares outstanding:									Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Basic	Basic	81.7		97.7		82.3		103.4		Basic	81.2		82.4		81.0		82.7
Diluted	Diluted	83.3		99.5		84.4		105.7		Diluted	83.4		84.4		83.5		84.9

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

Trinity Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(unaudited)


		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021			2023		2022		2023		2022
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Net income	Net income	$	26.3	$	35.9	$	36.7	$	42.0	Net income	$	21.2	$	8.5	$	34.9	$	10.4
Other comprehensive income (loss):	Other comprehensive income (loss):									Other comprehensive income (loss):
Derivative financial instruments:	Derivative financial instruments:									Derivative financial instruments:
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period, net of tax benefit (expense) of $(3.0), $0.2, $(8.4), and $(1.5)		10.0		(0.8)		26.8		5.0
Reclassification adjustments for losses included in net income, net of tax benefit (expense) of $(0.1), $0.3, $1.2, and $0.6		0.2		1.8		4.6		2.9
Unrealized gains arising during the period, net of tax expense of $2.7,$1.0, $2.8, and $5.4										Unrealized gains arising during the period, net of tax expense of $2.7,$1.0, $2.8, and $5.4	8.9		2.1		9.4		16.8
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in net income, net of tax (expense) benefit of $(1.1), $0.4, $9.9, and $1.3										Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in net income, net of tax (expense) benefit of $(1.1), $0.4, $9.9, and $1.3	(3.9)		1.9		(18.8)		4.4
Defined benefit plans:	Defined benefit plans:									Defined benefit plans:

Amortization of net actuarial losses, net of tax benefit of $—, $—, $—, and $0.1		0.1		—		0.2		0.1
Amortization of net actuarial losses, net of tax benefit of $—, $—, $—, and $—										Amortization of net actuarial losses, net of tax benefit of $—, $—, $—, and $—	—		—		—		0.1
Currency translation adjustments:	Currency translation adjustments:									Currency translation adjustments:
Reclassification adjustments for losses included in discontinued operations, net of tax benefit of $—, $—, $—, and $—	Reclassification adjustments for losses included in discontinued operations, net of tax benefit of $—, $—, $—, and $—	—		—		1.3		—		Reclassification adjustments for losses included in discontinued operations, net of tax benefit of $—, $—, $—, and $—	—		1.3		—		1.3
		10.3		1.0		32.9		8.0			5.0		5.3		(9.4)		22.6
Comprehensive income	Comprehensive income	36.6		36.9		69.6		50.0		Comprehensive income	26.2		13.8		25.5		33.0
Less: comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest		0.8		4.2		7.4		(5.0)
Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest										Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest	4.3		3.8		6.2		6.6
Comprehensive income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	Comprehensive income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	35.8	$	32.7	$	62.2	$	55.0	Comprehensive income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	21.9	$	10.0	$	19.3	$	26.4

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

Trinity Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets


		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(unaudited)					(unaudited)
		(in millions)					(in millions)
ASSETS	ASSETS					ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	58.5	$	167.3	Cash and cash equivalents	$	91.7	$	79.6

Receivables, net of allowance	Receivables, net of allowance	280.2		227.6		Receivables, net of allowance	415.6		323.5
Income tax receivable	Income tax receivable	11.0		5.4		Income tax receivable	15.3		7.8
Inventories:	Inventories:					Inventories:
Raw materials and supplies	Raw materials and supplies	481.7		278.4		Raw materials and supplies	430.8		423.6
Work in process	Work in process	150.0		91.6		Work in process	135.4		164.2
Finished goods	Finished goods	54.8		62.9		Finished goods	56.0		41.6
		686.5		432.9			622.2		629.4
Restricted cash, including partially-owned subsidiaries of $63.1 and $58.6		180.2		135.1
Property, plant, and equipment, at cost, including partially-owned subsidiaries of $1,920.5 and $1,927.7		9,244.8		9,105.6
Less accumulated depreciation, including partially-owned subsidiaries of $591.8 and $568.4		(2,351.0)		(2,258.7)
Restricted cash, including partially-owned subsidiaries of $69.1 and $74.4						Restricted cash, including partially-owned subsidiaries of $69.1 and $74.4	204.9		214.7
Property, plant, and equipment, at cost, including partially-owned subsidiaries of $1,924.2 and $1,917.6						Property, plant, and equipment, at cost, including partially-owned subsidiaries of $1,924.2 and $1,917.6	9,461.6		9,272.6
Less accumulated depreciation, including partially-owned subsidiaries of $623.0 and $599.0						Less accumulated depreciation, including partially-owned subsidiaries of $623.0 and $599.0	(2,432.4)		(2,385.8)
		6,893.8		6,846.9			7,029.2		6,886.8
Goodwill	Goodwill	159.5		154.2		Goodwill	222.1		195.9
Other assets	Other assets	329.4		266.5		Other assets	421.0		386.6
Total assets	Total assets	$	8,599.1	$	8,235.9	Total assets	$	9,022.0	$	8,724.3

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY					LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Accounts payable	Accounts payable	$	286.6	$	206.4	Accounts payable	$	330.8	$	287.5
Accrued liabilities	Accrued liabilities	288.9		307.4		Accrued liabilities	310.6		261.0
Debt:	Debt:					Debt:
Recourse	Recourse	459.0		398.7		Recourse	793.9		624.1
Non-recourse:	Non-recourse:					Non-recourse:
Wholly-owned subsidiaries	Wholly-owned subsidiaries	3,844.5		3,555.8		Wholly-owned subsidiaries	3,870.8		3,800.7
Partially-owned subsidiaries	Partially-owned subsidiaries	1,190.2		1,216.1		Partially-owned subsidiaries	1,167.9		1,182.8
		5,493.7		5,170.6			5,832.6		5,607.6
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	1,128.5		1,106.8		Deferred income taxes	1,138.6		1,134.7
Other liabilities	Other liabilities	140.3		147.9		Other liabilities	160.4		163.9
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	7,338.0		6,939.1		Total liabilities	7,773.0		7,454.7

Preferred stock – 1.5 shares authorized and unissued	Preferred stock – 1.5 shares authorized and unissued	—		—		Preferred stock – 1.5 shares authorized and unissued	—		—
Common stock – 400.0 shares authorized	Common stock – 400.0 shares authorized	0.8		0.8		Common stock – 400.0 shares authorized	0.8		0.8
Capital in excess of par value	Capital in excess of par value	6.1		—		Capital in excess of par value	5.9		—
Retained earnings	Retained earnings	997.7		1,046.6		Retained earnings	971.0		992.6
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		16.4		(17.0)
Accumulated other comprehensive income						Accumulated other comprehensive income	17.6		19.7
Treasury stock	Treasury stock	(15.1)		(0.6)		Treasury stock	(0.7)		(0.7)
		1,005.9		1,029.8			994.6		1,012.4
Noncontrolling interest	Noncontrolling interest	255.2		267.0		Noncontrolling interest	254.4		257.2
Total stockholders' equity	Total stockholders' equity	1,261.1		1,296.8		Total stockholders' equity	1,249.0		1,269.6
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	8,599.1	$	8,235.9	Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	9,022.0	$	8,724.3

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

Trinity Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)


		Nine Months Ended September 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021			2023		2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)
Operating activities:	Operating activities:					Operating activities:
Net income	Net income	$	36.7	$	42.0	Net income	$	34.9	$	10.4
(Income) loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes		13.7		(24.3)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes						Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	5.4		10.3
Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes	Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes	5.7		—		Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes	—		5.7
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities – continuing operations:	Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities – continuing operations:					Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities – continuing operations:
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	206.0		200.4		Depreciation and amortization	146.8		136.2
Stock-based compensation expense	Stock-based compensation expense	16.7		15.2		Stock-based compensation expense	12.7		10.8

Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes	Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes	16.2		3.7		Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes	(8.1)		5.0
Net gains on lease portfolio sales	Net gains on lease portfolio sales	(71.7)		(45.7)		Net gains on lease portfolio sales	(43.3)		(37.4)
Gains on dispositions of property and other assets	Gains on dispositions of property and other assets	(12.0)		(16.4)		Gains on dispositions of property and other assets	(1.2)		(8.3)
Gains on insurance recoveries from property damage	Gains on insurance recoveries from property damage	(7.5)		(4.7)		Gains on insurance recoveries from property damage	(1.2)		(6.4)

Non-cash impact of restructuring activities						Non-cash impact of restructuring activities	(2.2)		—
Non-cash interest expense	Non-cash interest expense	10.2		10.3		Non-cash interest expense	5.7		7.2
Loss on extinguishment of debt	Loss on extinguishment of debt	1.5		11.7		Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		1.5
Other	Other	(4.8)		6.9		Other	(3.0)		(2.9)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:	Changes in operating assets and liabilities:					Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in receivables	(Increase) decrease in receivables	(51.9)		(31.5)		(Increase) decrease in receivables	(84.4)		(45.1)
(Increase) decrease in income tax receivable		(5.6)		249.8

(Increase) decrease in inventories	(Increase) decrease in inventories	(253.6)		(64.2)		(Increase) decrease in inventories	7.2		(197.8)
(Increase) decrease in other assets	(Increase) decrease in other assets	(19.9)		6.7		(Increase) decrease in other assets	3.5		(5.7)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable	Increase (decrease) in accounts payable	78.9		43.7		Increase (decrease) in accounts payable	27.6		77.9
Increase (decrease) in accrued liabilities	Increase (decrease) in accrued liabilities	(4.6)		14.7		Increase (decrease) in accrued liabilities	38.0		(18.7)
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities	Increase (decrease) in other liabilities	(6.6)		0.5		Increase (decrease) in other liabilities	1.9		(4.0)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities – continuing operations	Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities – continuing operations	(52.6)		418.8		Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities – continuing operations	140.3		(61.3)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities – discontinued operations		(15.4)		8.4
Net cash used in operating activities – discontinued operations						Net cash used in operating activities – discontinued operations	(5.4)		(12.0)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(68.0)		427.2		Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	134.9		(73.3)
Investing activities:	Investing activities:					Investing activities:

Proceeds from dispositions of property and other assets	Proceeds from dispositions of property and other assets	33.2		34.3		Proceeds from dispositions of property and other assets	8.4		23.8
Proceeds from lease portfolio sales	Proceeds from lease portfolio sales	514.8		404.5		Proceeds from lease portfolio sales	185.7		215.2

Capital expenditures – leasing	Capital expenditures – leasing	(691.1)		(363.9)		Capital expenditures – leasing	(399.7)		(414.1)
Capital expenditures – manufacturing and other	Capital expenditures – manufacturing and other	(25.7)		(16.9)		Capital expenditures – manufacturing and other	(20.8)		(18.8)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(9.4)		(16.5)		Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(65.8)		(9.4)
Proceeds from insurance recoveries	Proceeds from insurance recoveries	7.6		6.5		Proceeds from insurance recoveries	1.2		4.8
Equity investments		(15.5)		(0.2)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities – continuing operations		(186.1)		47.8
Other						Other	(1.1)		—
Net cash used in investing activities – continuing operations						Net cash used in investing activities – continuing operations	(292.1)		(198.5)
Payments related to sale of discontinued operations	Payments related to sale of discontinued operations	(2.7)		—		Payments related to sale of discontinued operations	—		(2.7)
Net cash used in investing activities – discontinued operations		—		(4.2)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(188.8)		43.6

Net cash used in investing activities						Net cash used in investing activities	(292.1)		(201.2)
Financing activities:	Financing activities:					Financing activities:

Payments to retire debt	Payments to retire debt	(1,351.5)		(2,256.8)		Payments to retire debt	(1,035.3)		(833.3)
Proceeds from issuance of debt	Proceeds from issuance of debt	1,664.5		2,393.7		Proceeds from issuance of debt	1,253.9		1,194.1
Shares repurchased	Shares repurchased	(36.8)		(406.5)		Shares repurchased	—		(22.4)
Dividends paid to common shareholders	Dividends paid to common shareholders	(58.3)		(68.5)		Dividends paid to common shareholders	(43.3)		(39.3)
Purchase of shares to satisfy employee tax on vested stock	Purchase of shares to satisfy employee tax on vested stock	(5.6)		(9.2)		Purchase of shares to satisfy employee tax on vested stock	(6.8)		(5.5)

Distributions to noncontrolling interest	Distributions to noncontrolling interest	(19.2)		(6.8)		Distributions to noncontrolling interest	(9.0)		(15.0)

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		193.1		(354.1)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		(63.7)		116.7
Net cash provided by financing activities						Net cash provided by financing activities	159.5		278.6
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash						Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	2.3		4.1
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	302.4		228.4		Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	294.3		302.4
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	238.7	$	345.1	Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	296.6	$	306.5

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Trinity Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(unaudited)


		Common Stock			Capital in Excess of Par Value				Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock				Trinity Stockholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling Interest				Total Stockholders’ Equity				Common Stock					Capital in Excess of Par Value				Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)				Treasury Stock					Trinity Stockholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling Interest			Total Stockholders’ Equity
		Shares	$0.01 Par Value								Shares			Amount						Shares								$0.01 Par Value									Shares							Amount
		(in millions, except par value and per common share amounts)																											(in millions, except par value and per common share amounts)
Balances at December 31, 2021		83.3	$	0.8			$	—				$	1,046.6	$	(17.0)	—		$	(0.6)				$	1,029.8			$	267.0		$	1,296.8
Net income (loss)		—	—		—				(0.7)			—		—		—		(0.7)			2.6				1.9
Balances at December 31, 2022																												Balances at December 31, 2022	81.1			$	0.8		$	—			$	992.6		$	19.7			—		$	(0.7)		$	1,012.4		$	257.2		$	1,269.6
Net income																												Net income	—			—		—				4.4			—				—		—			4.4			9.3			13.7
Other comprehensive loss																												Other comprehensive loss	—			—		—				—			(7.0)				—		—			(7.0)			(7.4)			(14.4)
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1)																												Cash dividends declared on common stock (1)	—			—		—				(21.4)			—				—		—			(21.4)			—			(21.4)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest																												Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—			—		—				—			—				—		—			—			(2.9)			(2.9)
Stock-based compensation expense																												Stock-based compensation expense	—			—		6.2				—			—				—		—			6.2			—			6.2
Settlement of share-based awards, net																												Settlement of share-based awards, net	—			—		0.4				—			—				—		(0.8)			(0.4)			—			(0.4)

Balances at March 31, 2023																												Balances at March 31, 2023	81.1			$	0.8	$	6.6			$	975.6		$	12.7			—		$	(1.5)		$	994.2		$	256.2		$	1,250.4
Net income																												Net income	—			—		—				17.0			—				—		—			17.0			4.2			21.2
Other comprehensive income	Other comprehensive income	—	—		—				—			17.1		—		—		17.1			0.2				17.3			Other comprehensive income	—			—		—				—			4.9				—		—			4.9			0.1			5.0
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1)	Cash dividends declared on common stock (1)	—	—		—				(19.3)			—		—		—		(19.3)			—				(19.3)			Cash dividends declared on common stock (1)	—			—		—				(21.6)			—				—		—			(21.6)			—			(21.6)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—				—			—		—		—		—			(6.2)				(6.2)			Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—			—		—				—			—				—		—			—			(6.1)			(6.1)
Stock-based compensation expense	Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		5.1				—			—		—		—		5.1			—				5.1			Stock-based compensation expense	—			—		6.5				—			—				—		—			6.5			—			6.5
Settlement of share-based awards, net	Settlement of share-based awards, net	—	—		0.2				—			—		—		(0.2)		—			—				—			Settlement of share-based awards, net	1.0			—		—				—			—				(0.3)		(6.4)			(6.4)			—			(6.4)

Retirement of treasury stock																												Retirement of treasury stock	(0.3)			—		(7.2)				—			—				0.3		7.2			—			—			—
Balances at June 30, 2023																												Balances at June 30, 2023	81.8			$	0.8	$	5.9			$	971.0		$	17.6			—		$	(0.7)		$	994.6		$	254.4		$	1,249.0

Balances at March 31, 2022		83.3	$	0.8	$	5.3			$	1,026.6		$	0.1	—		$	(0.8)	$	1,032.0		$	263.6			$	1,295.6
Net income		—	—		—				3.7			—		—		—		3.7			4.8				8.5
Other comprehensive income (loss)		—	—		—				—			6.3		—		—		6.3			(1.0)				5.3
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1)		—	—		—				(19.1)			—		—		—		(19.1)			—				(19.1)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest		—	—		—				—			—		—		—		—			(8.8)				(8.8)
Stock-based compensation expense		—	—		5.7				—			—		—		—		5.7			—				5.7
Settlement of share-based awards, net		0.8	—		0.4				—			—		(0.2)		(6.1)		(5.7)			—				(5.7)
Shares repurchased		—	—		—				—			—		(1.0)		(25.3)		(25.3)			—				(25.3)
Accelerated share repurchase agreement		—	—		25.0				—			—		(0.8)		(25.0)		—			—				—
Retirement of treasury stock		(2.0)	—		(36.4)				(20.1)			—		2.0		56.5		—			—				—
Balances at June 30, 2022		82.1	$	0.8	$	—			$	991.1		$	6.4	—		$	(0.7)	$	997.6		$	258.6			$	1,256.2
Net income		—	—		—				25.8			—		—		—		25.8			0.5				26.3
Other comprehensive income		—	—		—				—			10.0		—		—		10.0			0.3				10.3
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1)		—	—		—				(19.2)			—		—		—		(19.2)			—				(19.2)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest		—	—		—				—			—		—		—		—			(4.2)				(4.2)
Stock-based compensation expense		—	—		5.9				—			—		—		—		5.9			—				5.9

Settlement of share-based awards, net		—	—		0.2				—			—		—		(0.3)		(0.1)			—				(0.1)
Shares repurchased		—	—		—				—			—		(0.6)		(14.1)		(14.1)			—				(14.1)

Balances at September 30, 2022		82.1	$	0.8	$	6.1			$	997.7		$	16.4	(0.6)		$	(15.1)	$	1,005.9		$	255.2			$	1,261.1

(1) Dividends of $0.26 per common share for all periods presented in 2023.

Table of Contents


	Common Stock			Capital in Excess of Par Value		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock			Trinity Stockholders’ Equity		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	$0.01 Par Value								Shares	Amount
	(in millions, except par value and per common share amounts)
Balances at December 31, 2021	83.3	$	0.8	$	—	$	1,046.6	$	(17.0)	—	$	(0.6)	$	1,029.8	$	267.0	$	1,296.8
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		(0.7)		—		—	—		(0.7)		2.6		1.9
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		17.1		—	—		17.1		0.2		17.3
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1)	—	—		—		(19.3)		—		—	—		(19.3)		—		(19.3)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		—	—		—		(6.2)		(6.2)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		5.1		—		—		—	—		5.1		—		5.1
Settlement of share-based awards, net	—	—		0.2		—		—		—	(0.2)		—		—		—



Balances at March 31, 2022	83.3	$	0.8	$	5.3	$	1,026.6	$	0.1	—	$	(0.8)	$	1,032.0	$	263.6	$	1,295.6
Net income	—	—		—		3.7		—		—	—		3.7		4.8		8.5
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		—		6.3		—	—		6.3		(1.0)		5.3
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1)	—	—		—		(19.1)		—		—	—		(19.1)		—		(19.1)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		—	—		—		(8.8)		(8.8)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		5.7		—		—		—	—		5.7		—		5.7
Settlement of share-based awards, net	0.8	—		0.4		—		—		(0.2)	(6.1)		(5.7)		—		(5.7)
Shares repurchased	—	—		—		—		—		(1.0)	(25.3)		(25.3)		—		(25.3)
Accelerated share repurchase agreement	—	—		25.0		—		—		(0.8)	(25.0)		—		—		—
Retirement of treasury stock	(2.0)	—		(36.4)		(20.1)		—		2.0	56.5		—		—		—
Balances at June 30, 2022	82.1	$	0.8	$	—	$	991.1	$	6.4	—	$	(0.7)	$	997.6	$	258.6	$	1,256.2

(1) Dividends of $0.23 per common share for all periods presented in 2022.

~~Table of Contents~~

Common Stock Capital in
Excess of
Par Value Retained
Earnings Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss Treasury Stock Trinity
Stockholders’
Equity Noncontrolling
Interest Total
Stockholders’
Equity
Shares $0.01 Par Value Shares Amount
(in millions, except par value and per common share amounts)
Balances at
   December 31, 2020
111.2 $ 1.1 $ — $ 1,769.4 $ (30.9) (0.1) $ (0.8) $ 1,738.8 $ 277.2 $ 2,016.0
Net income (loss) — — — 3.3 — — — 3.3 (2.0) 1.3
Other comprehensive income — — — — 5.1 — — 5.1 0.3 5.4
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1)
— — — (23.3) — — — (23.3) — (23.3)
Stock-based compensation expense — — 5.1 — — — — 5.1 — 5.1
Settlement of share-based awards, net — — 1.0 — — — (0.8) 0.2 — 0.2
Shares repurchased — — — — — (1.3) (36.8) (36.8) — (36.8)
Balances at
   March 31, 2021
111.2 $ 1.1 $ 6.1 $ 1,749.4 $ (25.8) (1.4) $ (38.4) $ 1,692.4 $ 275.5 $ 1,967.9
Net income (loss) — — — 12.7 — — — 12.7 (7.9) 4.8
Other comprehensive income — — — — 1.2 — — 1.2 0.4 1.6
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1)
— — — (21.0) — — — (21.0) — (21.0)
Stock-based compensation expense — — 4.1 — — — — 4.1 — 4.1
Settlement of share-based awards, net 1.1 — 0.4 — — (0.3) (9.1) (8.7) — (8.7)
Shares repurchased — — — — — (10.5) (290.8) (290.8) — (290.8)
Retirement of treasury stock (12.2) (0.1) (10.6) (327.0) — 12.2 337.7 — — —
Balances at
   June 30, 2021
100.1 $ 1.0 $ — $ 1,414.1 $ (24.6) — $ (0.6) $ 1,389.9 $ 268.0 $ 1,657.9
Net income — — — 32.0 — — — 32.0 3.9 35.9
Other comprehensive income — — — — 0.7 — — 0.7 0.3 1.0
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1)
— — — (20.9) — — — (20.9) — (20.9)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest — — — — — — — — (6.8) (6.8)
Stock-based compensation expense — — 6.0 — — — — 6.0 — 6.0
Settlement of share-based awards, net 0.1 — 0.9 — — (0.1) (0.5) 0.4 — 0.4
Shares repurchased — — — — — (2.8) (77.1) (77.1) — (77.1)
Balances at
   September 30, 2021
100.2 $ 1.0 $ 6.9 $ 1,425.2 $ (23.9) (2.9) $ (78.2) $ 1,331.0 $ 265.4 $ 1,596.4

~~(1)~~ ~~Dividends of $0.21 per common share for all periods presented in 2021.~~

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Trinity Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The foregoing Consolidated Financial Statements are unaudited and have been prepared from the books and records of Trinity Industries, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Trinity,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” or "us") including the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiaries and partially-owned subsidiaries, TRIP Rail Holdings LLC (“TRIP Holdings”) and RIV 2013 Rail Holdings LLC ("RIV 2013"), in which we have a controlling interest. In our opinion, all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the results of operations for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, and cash flows for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, have been made in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the ~~2022~~2023 presentation.

Due to seasonal and other factors, ~~including the ongoing impacts of the coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”),~~ the results of operations for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 may not be indicative of expected results of operations for the year ending December 31, ~~2022.~~2023. These interim financial statements and notes are condensed as permitted by the instructions to Form 10-Q and should be read in conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~

~~Sale of Highway Products Business~~

In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company completed the sale of Trinity Highway Products, LLC (“THP”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and certain direct and indirect subsidiaries of THP, to Rush Hour Intermediate II, LLC ("Rush Hour"), an entity owned by an affiliated investment fund of Monomoy Capital Partners, for an aggregate purchase price of $375.0 million, subject to a final working capital adjustment, which was recorded in the second quarter of 2022.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is measured based on the allocation of the transaction price in a contract to satisfied performance obligations. The transaction price does not include any amounts collected on behalf of third parties. We recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. For all contracts with customers, we evaluate whether we are the principal (i.e., report revenues on a gross basis) or agent (i.e., report revenues on a net basis). Generally, we are the principal in our contracts with customers and report revenues on a gross basis as we control the product or service before it is transferred to a customer. We act as an agent for a small number of service contracts and report those revenues on a net basis as we do not control the services before they are provided to the customer. Payments for our products and services are generally due within normal commercial terms. The following is a description of principal activities from which we generate our revenue, separated by reportable segments. See Note 4 for a further discussion regarding our reportable segments.

Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group

In our Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group ("Leasing Group"), revenue from rentals and operating leases, including contracts that contain non-level fixed lease payments, is recognized monthly on a straight-line basis. Leases not classified as operating leases are generally considered sales-type leases as a result of an option to purchase.

We review our operating lease receivables for collectibility on a regular basis, taking into consideration changes in factors such as the lessee’s payment history, the financial condition of the lessee, and business and economic conditions in the industry in which the lessee operates. In the event that the collectibility of a receivable with respect to any lessee is no longer probable, we derecognize the revenue and related receivable and recognize future revenue only when the lessee makes a rental payment. Contingent rents are recognized when the contingency is resolved.

Selling profit or loss associated with sales-type leases is recognized upon lease commencement, and a net investment in the sales-type lease is recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interest income related to sales-type leases is recognized over the lease term using the effective interest method. See "Lease Accounting" below for additional information regarding sales-type leases as of ~~September~~June 30, 2023 and 2022. ~~We had no sales-type leases as of December 31, 2021.~~

~~Table of Contents~~

We report all sales of railcars from the lease fleet and selling profit or loss associated with sales-type leases as a net gain or loss from the disposal of a long-term asset in accordance with ASC 610-20, Gains and losses from the derecognition of non-financial assets. These sales are presented in the Lease portfolio sales line in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We ~~account~~act as an agent for ~~shipping~~certain logistics services and ~~handling costs~~report these revenues on a net basis as ~~activities~~we do not control the services before they are provided to ~~fulfill~~ the ~~promise to transfer the good; as such, these fees are recorded in revenue. The fees and costs~~customer.

Table of ~~shipping and handling activities are accrued when the related performance obligation has been satisfied.~~Contents

Rail Products Group

Our railcar manufacturing business recognizes revenue related to new railcars when the customer has submitted its certificate of acceptance and legal title of the railcar has passed to the customer. Certain contracts for the sales of railcars include price adjustments based on ~~steel-price indices;~~changes to input costs; this amount represents variable consideration for which we are generally unable to estimate the final consideration until the railcar is delivered.

Revenue is recognized over time as repair and maintenance projects and sustainable railcar conversions are completed, using an input approach based on the costs incurred relative to the total estimated costs of performing the project. We recorded contract assets of ~~$3.0~~$9.7 million and ~~$4.5~~$2.9 million as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, related to unbilled revenues recognized on repair and maintenance services and sustainable railcar conversions that have been performed, but for which the entire project has not yet been completed, and the railcar has not yet been shipped to the customer. These contract assets are included within the Receivables, net of allowance line in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We account for shipping and handling costs as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the good; as such, these fees are recorded in revenue. The fees and costs of shipping and handling activities are accrued when the related performance obligation has been satisfied.

Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future periods related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially satisfied as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 and the percentage of the outstanding performance obligations as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 expected to be delivered during the remainder of ~~2022:~~2023:

Unsatisfied performance obligations at September 30, 2022
Total
Amount Percent expected to be delivered in 2022
(in millions)
Rail Products Group:
New railcars:
External customers (1)
$ 3,573.7
Leasing Group 517.2
$ 4,090.9 16.2 %
Sustainable railcar conversions $ 201.4 26.5 %
Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group $ 133.6 6.8 %

~~(1)~~Unsatisfied performance obligations at September 30, 2022 include 15,000 railcars expected to be delivered through 2028, valued at approximately $1.8 billion, associated with a new long-term railcar supply agreement with GATX Corporation.


	Unsatisfied performance obligations at June 30, 2023
	Total Amount		Percent expected to be delivered in 2023
	(in millions)
Rail Products Group:
New railcars:
External customers	$	3,221.5
Leasing Group	383.9
	$	3,605.4	28.6	%
Sustainable railcar conversions	$	179.9	63.1	%


Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	72.6	13.0	%

The remainder of the unsatisfied performance obligations for the Rail Products Group is expected to be delivered through 2028. The orders in the Rail Products Group's backlog from the Leasing Group are fully supported by lease commitments with external customers. The final amount of backlog attributable to the Leasing Group may vary by the time of delivery as customers may elect to change their procurement decision.

Unsatisfied performance obligations for the Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group are related to servicing, maintenance, and management agreements and are expected to be performed through 2029.

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Lease Accounting

Lessee

We are the lessee of operating leases predominantly for office buildings and railcars, as well as manufacturing equipment and office equipment. Our operating leases have remaining lease terms ranging from one year to ~~fifteen~~fourteen years, some of which include options to extend for up to five years, and some of which include options to terminate within one year. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we had no material finance leases in which we were the lessee. ~~As applicable,~~Certain of our operating leases include lease incentives, which reduce the right-of-use asset and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease ~~liability is reduced by the amount of lease incentives that have not yet been reimbursed by the lessor.~~term.

The following table summarizes the impact of our operating leases on our Consolidated Financial Statements (in millions, except lease term and discount rate):


		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022			2021				2023		2022		2023			2022
Consolidated Statements of Operations	Consolidated Statements of Operations											Consolidated Statements of Operations
Operating lease expense	Operating lease expense	$	4.6	$	4.0	$	13.5		$	11.3		Operating lease expense	$	4.4	$	4.7	$	8.7		$	8.9
Short-term lease expense	Short-term lease expense	$	0.1	$	—	$	0.3		$	0.2		Short-term lease expense	$	—	$	0.1	$	—		$	0.2

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows											Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Cash flows from operating activities	Cash flows from operating activities					$	13.5		$	11.3		Cash flows from operating activities					$	8.7		$	8.9
Right-of-use assets recognized in exchange for new lease liabilities	Right-of-use assets recognized in exchange for new lease liabilities					$	21.0		$	23.7		Right-of-use assets recognized in exchange for new lease liabilities					$	6.4		$	17.8

						September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021								June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Consolidated Balance Sheets	Consolidated Balance Sheets											Consolidated Balance Sheets
Right-of-use assets (1)	Right-of-use assets (1)					$	89.9		$	82.8		Right-of-use assets (1)					$	92.1		$	93.1
Lease liabilities (2)	Lease liabilities (2)					$	112.1		$	106.3		Lease liabilities (2)					$	110.8		$	114.8
Weighted average remaining lease term	Weighted average remaining lease term					10.0 years			10.8 years			Weighted average remaining lease term					9.7 years			9.9 years
Weighted average discount rate	Weighted average discount rate					2.8		%	3.0		%	Weighted average discount rate					3.0		%	2.8		%

(1) Included in other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(2) Included in other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Future contractual minimum operating lease liabilities will mature as follows (in millions):


		Leasing Group		Non-Leasing Group		Total			Leasing Group		Non-Leasing Group		Total
Remaining three months of 2022		$	3.2	$	2.1	$	5.3
2023		12.0		7.9		19.9
Remaining six months of 2023								Remaining six months of 2023	$	5.4	$	5.0	$	10.4
2024	2024	8.0		6.9		14.9		2024	7.1		9.0		16.1
2025	2025	6.0		6.1		12.1		2025	6.2		8.1		14.3
2026	2026	5.7		5.7		11.4		2026	5.8		7.6		13.4
2027								2027	5.3		7.4		12.7
Thereafter	Thereafter	8.7		57.8		66.5		Thereafter	3.7		57.8		61.5
Total operating lease payments	Total operating lease payments	$	43.6	$	86.5	$	130.1	Total operating lease payments	$	33.5	$	94.9	$	128.4
Less: Present value adjustment	Less: Present value adjustment					(18.0)		Less: Present value adjustment					(17.6)

Total operating lease liabilities	Total operating lease liabilities					$	112.1	Total operating lease liabilities					$	110.8

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Lessor

Our Leasing Group enters into railcar operating leases with third parties with terms generally ranging between one year and ten years. The majority of our fleet operates on leases that earn fixed monthly lease payments. Generally, lease payments are due at the beginning of the applicable month. A portion of our fleet operates on per diem leases that earn usage-based variable lease payments. Some of our leases include options to extend the leases for up to five years, and a small percentage of our leases include early termination options with certain notice requirements and early termination penalties. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, non-Leasing Group operating leases were not significant, and we had no direct finance leases.

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We manage risks associated with residual values of leased railcars by investing across a diverse portfolio of railcar types, staggering lease maturities within any given railcar type, avoiding concentration of railcar type and industry, and actively participating in secondary markets. Additionally, our lease agreements contain normal wear and tear return condition provisions and high mileage thresholds designed to protect the value of our residual assets. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.

The following table summarizes the impact of our leases on our Consolidated Statements of Operations:


		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021			2023		2022		2023		2022
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Operating lease revenues	Operating lease revenues	$	167.2	$	158.2	$	500.5	$	486.2	Operating lease revenues	$	181.9	$	169.7	$	358.6	$	333.3
Variable operating lease revenues	Variable operating lease revenues	$	17.7	$	18.8	$	49.0	$	44.7	Variable operating lease revenues	$	18.1	$	18.1	$	32.7	$	31.3

Interest income on sales-type lease receivables	Interest income on sales-type lease receivables	$	0.2	$	—	$	0.5	$	—	Interest income on sales-type lease receivables	$	0.2	$	0.2	$	0.4	$	0.3
Profit recognized at sales-type lease commencement (1)	Profit recognized at sales-type lease commencement (1)	$	—	$	—	$	1.3	$	—	Profit recognized at sales-type lease commencement (1)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1.3

(1) Included in gains on dispositions of property – lease portfolio sales on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Future contractual minimum revenues for operating leases will mature as follows (in millions)(1):


Remaining three months of 2022		$	156.7
2023		519.9
Remaining six months of 2023				Remaining six months of 2023	$	340.7
2024	2024	406.0		2024	588.8
2025	2025	307.4		2025	475.3
2026	2026	220.0		2026	360.1
2027				2027	261.4
Thereafter	Thereafter	369.4		Thereafter	400.0
Total	Total	$	1,979.4	Total	$	2,426.3

(1) Total contractual minimum rental revenues on operating leases relates to our wholly-owned and partially-owned subsidiaries and sub-lease rental revenues associated with the Leasing Group's operating lease obligations.

Future contractual minimum lease receivables for sales-type leases will mature as follows (in millions)(1):


Remaining three months of 2022		$	0.3
2023		1.1
Remaining six months of 2023				Remaining six months of 2023	$	0.6
2024	2024	1.1		2024	1.1
2025	2025	1.1		2025	1.1
2026	2026	1.1		2026	1.1
2027				2027	1.1
Thereafter	Thereafter	11.2		Thereafter	10.1
Total	Total	15.9		Total	15.1
Less: Unearned interest income	Less: Unearned interest income	(5.2)		Less: Unearned interest income	(4.7)
Net investment in sales-type leases (1)	Net investment in sales-type leases (1)	$	10.7	Net investment in sales-type leases (1)	$	10.4

(1) Included in other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Financial Instruments

We consider all highly liquid debt instruments to be either cash and cash equivalents if purchased with a maturity of three months or less, or short-term marketable securities if purchased with a maturity of more than three months and less than one year.

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to a concentration of credit risk are primarily cash investments, including restricted cash and receivables. We place our cash investments in bank deposits, investment grade short-term debt instruments, highly-rated money market funds, and highly-rated commercial paper. We limit the amount of credit exposure to any one commercial issuer. The carrying values of cash, receivables, and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their respective fair values.

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Concentrations of credit risk with respect to receivables are limited due to control procedures that monitor the credit worthiness of customers, the large number of customers in our customer base, and their dispersion across different end markets and geographic areas. Receivables are generally evaluated at a portfolio level based on these characteristics. As receivables are generally unsecured, we maintain an allowance for credit losses using a forward-looking approach based on historical losses and consideration of current and expected future economic conditions. Historically, we have observed that the likelihood of loss increases when receivables have aged beyond 180 days. When a receivable is deemed uncollectible, the write-off is recorded as a reduction to allowance for credit losses. During the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we recognized approximately ~~$1.7~~$1.3 million of credit loss expense and approximately $0.5 million of recoveries and other adjustments, and wrote off ~~$1.9~~$0.2 million related to our trade receivables that are in the scope of ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, bringing the allowance for credit losses balance from ~~$10.5~~$10.6 million at December 31, ~~2021~~2022 to ~~$10.3~~$11.1 million at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022.~~2023. This balance excludes the general reserve for operating lease receivables that is permitted under ASC 450, Contingencies.

~~Acquisitions~~

In June 2022, the Leasing Group acquired, from an unrelated seller, a portfolio of railcars for $132.1 million in cash. This transaction was recorded as an asset acquisition within the Leasing Group, based on valuations of the acquired assets and liabilities at their acquisition date fair value using Level 3 inputs. As a result of the purchase transaction, the Leasing Group acquired approximately 3,800 railcars, substantially all of which are currently under lease to third parties. We recorded acquired railcars of $125.0 million, lease-related intangible assets of $7.8 million, and certain other immaterial assets and liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of the purchase date.

In May 2022, we completed the acquisition of a company that owns and operates an end-to-end rail logistics software platform providing a real-time data universe to freight rail shippers and operators. This transaction was recorded as a business combination within the Leasing Group, based on valuations of the acquired assets and liabilities at their acquisition date fair value using Level 3 inputs. The acquisition did not have a significant impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. Based on our preliminary purchase price allocation, we recorded intellectual property of $5.2 million, which will be amortized over five years, goodwill of $5.3 million, and certain other immaterial assets and liabilities.

In January 2021, we completed the acquisition of a company that owns and operates proprietary railcar cleaning technology systems. This transaction was recorded as a business combination within the Rail Products Group, based on valuations of the acquired assets and liabilities at their acquisition date fair value using Level 3 inputs. The acquisition did not have a significant impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. This transaction resulted in goodwill of $7.0 million.Goodwill

Goodwill by segment is as follows:

~~As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying amount of our goodwill totaled $159.5 million and $154.2 million, respectively, which is primarily attributable to the Rail Products Group.~~


	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	33.5	$	7.1
Rail Products Group	188.6		188.8
	$	222.1	$	195.9

Warranties

We provide various express, limited product warranties that generally range from one year to five years depending on the product. The warranty costs are estimated using a two-step approach. First, an engineering estimate is made for the cost of all claims that have been asserted by customers. Second, based on historical claims experience, a cost is accrued for all products still within a warranty period for which no claims have been filed. We provide for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized related to products covered by warranties and assess the adequacy of the resulting reserves on a quarterly basis. The changes in the accruals for warranties for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 are as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021			2023		2022		2023		2022
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Beginning balance	Beginning balance	$	2.7	$	5.5	$	3.1	$	11.3	Beginning balance	$	3.9	$	3.2	$	3.3	$	3.1
Warranty costs incurred	Warranty costs incurred	(0.4)		(3.4)		(2.5)		(6.2)		Warranty costs incurred	(0.5)		(0.9)		(0.5)		(2.1)
Warranty originations and revisions	Warranty originations and revisions	0.9		1.6		3.1		(1.0)		Warranty originations and revisions	2.0		0.6		3.0		2.2
Warranty expirations	Warranty expirations	(0.3)		(0.2)		(0.8)		(0.6)		Warranty expirations	(0.2)		(0.2)		(0.6)		(0.5)
Ending balance	Ending balance	$	2.9	$	3.5	$	2.9	$	3.5	Ending balance	$	5.2	$	2.7	$	5.2	$	2.7

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Adopted in 2023

ASU 2022-04 – In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-04, ~~"Disclosure~~Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program ~~Obligations,"~~Obligations, which requires entities that use supplier finance programs in connection with the purchase of goods and services to disclose information about the key terms of these programs, outstanding amounts as of the end of the reporting period, a description of where in the financial statements outstanding amounts are presented, and a rollforward of these obligations. ~~ASU 2022-04 is effective for public companies during interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022 and is to be~~

We adopted on a retrospective basis, except for the disclosure of rollforward information, which is effective for public companies during interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and is to be adopted on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. We plan to adopt ASU 2022-04 effective January 1, ~~2023 and are currently evaluating the~~2023. The adoption did not have a significant impact ~~these disclosures will have~~ on our Consolidated Financial Statements. In cooperation with a participating financial institution, we facilitate a voluntary supply chain finance ("SCF") program for several of our suppliers. We negotiate payment terms with suppliers that are in line with average industry terms. We have not pledged any assets as security or provided other forms of guarantees to the financial institution. Under the SCF program, participating suppliers may choose to sell, at a discounted price, receivables due from us to the financial institution, at the sole discretion of both the suppliers and the financial institution, prior to the invoices’ scheduled due dates. The payment terms that we negotiate with all suppliers are consistent regardless of whether the supplier chooses to participate in the SCF program for a particular invoice. The SCF program is administered by a third-party financial institution, and our responsibility is limited to making payments based on the terms originally negotiated with participating suppliers, regardless of whether such suppliers sell receivables to the financial institution.

Amounts due to our participating suppliers in the SCF program totaled $15.7 million and $22.8 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and are included in accounts payable in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Payments made under the SCF program are reflected in net cash provided by operating activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Note 2. Acquisitions and Discontinued Operations

Acquisition of RSI Logistics

On March 8, 2023, we acquired RSI Logistics ("RSI"), a data-centric provider of proprietary software and logistics and terminal management solutions to the North American rail industry, for an aggregate purchase price of $72.1 million. This transaction was recorded as a business combination within the Leasing Group, based on valuations of the acquired assets and liabilities at their acquisition date fair value using Level 3 inputs. The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are considered preliminary and are subject to adjustment as additional information is obtained and reviewed. The final allocation of the purchase price may differ from the preliminary allocation based on completion of the valuation. We expect to finalize the purchase price allocation within the measurement period, which will not exceed one year from the acquisition date.

Based on our preliminary purchase price allocation recorded during the first quarter of 2023, we recorded identifiable intangible assets of $37.4 million, goodwill of $26.3 million, and certain other assets, net of liabilities, totaling $8.4 million. The identifiable intangible assets, with the exception of the trade name, which will be considered an indefinite-lived intangible asset, will be amortized over their estimated useful lives, ranging from 5 years to 15 years. We did not make any purchase price allocation adjustments during the second quarter of 2023. The primary areas of the purchase price allocation that are not yet finalized relate to the valuation of intangible assets, goodwill, and certain other immaterial assets and liabilities.

Acquisition of Holden America

On December 30, 2022, we acquired Holden America, a manufacturer of market-leading multi-level vehicle securement and protection systems, gravity-outlet gates, and gate accessories for freight rail in North America. The total cash funded at closing, when combined with the potential additional future consideration described below, resulted in total consideration of $87.1 million. This transaction was recorded as a business combination within the Rail Products Group, based on valuations of the acquired assets and liabilities at their acquisition date fair value using Level 3 inputs. Based on our preliminary purchase price allocation recorded during the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded identifiable intangible assets of $45.9 million, goodwill of $36.4 million, and certain other immaterial assets and liabilities. The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are considered preliminary and are subject to adjustment as additional information is obtained and reviewed. The final allocation of the purchase price may differ from the preliminary allocation based on completion of the valuation. We made immaterial purchase price allocation adjustments to certain assets and liabilities during the second quarter of 2023, resulting in a goodwill balance of $36.2 million as of June 30, 2023. We expect to finalize the purchase price allocation within the measurement period, which will not exceed one year from the acquisition date.

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The purchase agreement included minimum additional consideration of $10.0 million, which is payable in installments of $5.0 million per year for the next two years. The purchase agreement also contained a provision whereby additional consideration could become payable based on the achievement of certain revenue targets, up to a maximum payout of $10.0 million. The total additional consideration, which is included in other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, had an initial estimated fair value of $15.7 million as of December 31, 2022 and is remeasured at each reporting period. As of June 30, 2023, the estimated fair value of the additional consideration was $18.0 million. The change in fair value is included in selling, engineering, and administrative expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

Sale of Highway Products Business

In the fourth quarter of 2021, we completed the sale of our highway products business, THP. The sale closed on December 31, 2021, and we received net proceeds of approximately $364.7 million, after certain adjustments and closing costs. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded a loss on sale of discontinued operations of $5.8 million ($4.4 million, net of income taxes), which included a $2.7 million paymentTrinity Highway Products, LLC (“THP”) to Rush Hour ~~representing a final working capital adjustment, as well as additional transaction costs incurred during the period. There was no loss on sale~~Intermediate II, LLC ("Rush Hour"), an entity owned by an affiliated investment fund of ~~discontinued operations during the three months ended September 30, 2022. We concluded that~~Monomoy Capital Partners. Upon completion of the sale, ~~of THP represented a strategic shift that will have a major effect on~~ the ~~Company’s operations and financial results. Accordingly, we have presented the operating results and cash flows of~~accounting requirements for reporting THP as a discontinued ~~operations for all periods in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.~~

operation were met. In connection with the sale, Trinity and Rush Hour entered into various agreements to effect the transaction and provide a framework for their relationship after the separation, including a purchase and sale agreement, a transition services agreement, and a lease agreement. The transition services have various durations ranging between one and eighteen months. We have determined that the continuing cash flows generated by these agreements do not constitute significant continuing involvement in the operations of THP. The amounts billed for transition services were not material to our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Additionally, in connection with the sale of THP, the Company ~~has~~ agreed to indemnify Rush Hour for certain liabilities related to the highway products business, including certain liabilities resulting from or arising out of the ET-Plus® System, a highway guardrail end-terminal system (the “ET Plus”). Consequently, results from discontinued operations below include certain legal expenses that ~~were~~are directly attributable to the highway products ~~business, which were previously reported in continuing operations.~~business. Similar expenses related to these retained obligations ~~incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and~~ that may be incurred in the future will likewise be reported in discontinued operations. See Note 14 for further information regarding obligations retained in connection with the THP sale.

The following is a summary of ~~THP's operating results~~residual THP expenses included in ~~income (loss)~~loss from discontinued operations for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2023 and 2022:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in millions)


Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	$	3.0	$	3.9	$	6.9	$	12.8


Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes	(3.0)		(3.9)		(6.9)		(12.8)
Benefit for income taxes	(0.7)		(0.5)		(1.5)		(2.5)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	$	(2.3)	$	(3.4)	$	(5.4)	$	(10.3)

Additionally, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recorded a loss on sale of discontinued operations of $4.3 million ($3.3 million, net of income taxes) and ~~2021:~~

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022 2021 2022 2021
(in millions)
Revenues $ — $ 83.7 $ — $ 230.0
Cost of revenues — 60.4 — 165.2
Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses 4.4 9.3 17.2 32.5
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes (4.4) 14.0 (17.2) 32.3
Provision (benefit) for income taxes (1.0) 3.2 (3.5) 7.2
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes $ (3.4) $ 10.8 $ (13.7) $ 25.1

~~Table~~$5.8 million ($4.4 million, net of ~~Contents~~

income taxes), respectively, which included a $2.7 million payment to Rush Hour during the three months ended June 30, 2022 representing a final working capital adjustment, as well as additional transaction costs incurred during these periods.

Other discontinued operations

In addition to the THP activities ~~disclosed~~ above, results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 include ~~certain amounts related to businesses previously disposed, including a~~ $1.3 million of loss on sale of discontinued operations net of income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and losses of $0.4 million and $0.8 million included in income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.associated with businesses previously disposed.

Note 3. Derivative Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

Derivative Instruments

We use derivative instruments to mitigate interest rate risk, including risks associated with the impact of changes in interest rates in anticipation of future debt issuances and to offset interest rate variability of certain floating rate debt issuances outstanding. We also use derivative instruments to mitigate the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges are accounted for by recording the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss ("AOCI") as a separate component of stockholders' equity. These accumulated gains or losses are reclassified into earnings in the periods during which the hedged transactions affect earnings. Derivative instruments that are not designated as hedges are accounted for by recording the realized and unrealized gains or losses on the derivative instrument in other, net (income) expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We continuously monitor our derivative positions and the credit ratings of our counterparties and do not anticipate losses due to non-performance. SeeNote 8for a description of our debt instruments.

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Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

Interest Rate Hedges


						Included in accompanying balance sheet at September 30, 2022											Included in accompanying balance sheet at June 30, 2023
								AOCI – loss/(income)											AOCI – loss/(income)
		Notional Amount		Interest Rate (1)		Asset/(Liability)		Controlling Interest		Noncontrolling Interest			Notional Amount		Interest Rate (1)		Asset/(Liability)		Controlling Interest		Noncontrolling Interest
		($ in millions)											($ in millions)
Expired hedges:	Expired hedges:											Expired hedges:
2018 secured railcar equipment notes	2018 secured railcar equipment notes	$	249.3	4.41	%	$	—	$	0.5	$	—	2018 secured railcar equipment notes	$	249.3	4.41	%	$	—	$	0.3	$	—
TRIP Holdings warehouse loan(2)	TRIP Holdings warehouse loan(2)	$	788.5	3.60	%	$	—	$	0.1	$	0.2	TRIP Holdings warehouse loan(2)	$	788.5	3.60	%	$	—	$	—	$	—
Tribute Rail secured railcar equipment notes ~~(2)~~	Tribute Rail secured railcar equipment notes ~~(2)~~	$	256.0	2.86	%	$	—	$	0.9	$	1.1	Tribute Rail secured railcar equipment notes ~~(2)~~	$	256.0	2.86	%	$	—	$	0.6	$	0.8
2017 promissory notes – interest rate cap	2017 promissory notes – interest rate cap	$	169.3	3.00	%	$	—	$	(0.3)	$	—	2017 promissory notes – interest rate cap	$	169.3	3.00	%	$	—	$	(0.2)	$	—
Open hedge:
Open hedges:												Open hedges:
2017 promissory notes – interest rate swap	2017 promissory notes – interest rate swap	$	441.4	2.39	%	$	19.6	$	(19.6)	$	—	2017 promissory notes – interest rate swap	$	421.4	2.31	%	$	20.3	$	(19.8)	$	—
TRL-2023 term loan (3)												TRL-2023 term loan (3)	$	272.0	3.79	%	$	1.4	$	(1.2)	$	—

(1) Weighted average fixed interest rate, except for the interest rate cap on the 2017 promissory notes.

(2) As of March 31, 2023, all amounts previously recorded in AOCI related to this hedge have been fully amortized.

(3) In ~~May 2022, Tribute~~June 2023, Trinity Rail Leasing 2023 LLC ~~("Tribute Rail"~~(“TRL-2023”), ana limited purpose, indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of ~~TRIP Holdings, entered into~~the Company owned through Trinity Industries Leasing Company ("TILC"), executed and ~~subsequently terminated~~designated a ~~forward starting~~new interest rate swap derivative as a cash flow hedge to ~~hedge~~fix the ~~risk~~Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") component of ~~potential~~the interest rate ~~increases prior to~~on a portion of the ~~May 2022 Tribute Rail debt issuance.~~outstanding TRL-2023 term loan agreement ("TRL-2023 term loan").

Effect on interest expense – increase/(decrease)
Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30, Expected effect during next twelve months
2022 2021 2022 2021
(in millions)
Expired hedges:
2018 secured railcar equipment notes $ — $ 0.1 $ 0.1 $ 0.2 $ 0.2
TRIP Holdings warehouse loan $ 0.3 $ 0.4 $ 1.0 $ 1.4 $ 0.3
Triumph Rail secured railcar equipment notes $ — $ — $ — $ 0.1 $ —
Tribute Rail secured railcar equipment notes $ 0.1 $ — $ 0.2 $ — $ 0.7
2017 promissory notes – interest rate cap $ (0.1) $ (0.1) $ (0.1) $ (0.1) $ (0.1)
Open hedge (1):
2017 promissory notes – interest rate swap $ 0.3 $ 3.1 $ 5.3 $ 9.3 $ 5.6


	Effect on interest expense – increase/(decrease)
	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,				Expected effect during next twelve months
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in millions)
Expired hedges:
2018 secured railcar equipment notes	$	0.1	$	0.1	$	0.1	$	0.1	$	0.2
TRIP Holdings warehouse loan	$	—	$	0.3	$	0.1	$	0.7	$	—

Tribute Rail secured railcar equipment notes	$	0.2	$	0.1	$	0.4	$	0.1	$	0.7
2017 promissory notes – interest rate cap	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(0.1)
Open hedges (1):
2017 promissory notes – interest rate swap	$	(2.9)	$	2.2	$	(5.4)	$	5.0	$	(10.8)
TRL-2023 term loan	$	(0.2)	$	—	$	(0.2)	$	—	$	(3.7)

(1) Based on the fair value of open hedges as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

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Foreign Currency Hedge

Our exposure related to foreign currency transactions is currently hedged for up to a maximum of twelve months. Information related to our foreign currency hedge is as follows:


		Included in accompanying balance sheet at September 30, 2022						Effect on cost of revenues – increase/(decrease)															Included in accompanying balance sheet at June 30, 2023						Effect on cost of revenues – increase/(decrease)
Notional Amount	Notional Amount	Asset/ (Liability)			AOCI – loss/(income)			Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,					Expected effect during next twelve months (1)	Notional Amount				Asset/ (Liability)		AOCI – loss/(income)				Three Months Ended June 30,							Six Months Ended June 30,					Expected effect during next twelve months (1)
						2022			2021		2022			2021							2023							2022				2023			2022
(in millions)	(in millions)																			(in millions)
$	40.8		$	1.1		$	(1.6)		$	(0.5)	$	(1.4)		$	(0.7)	$	(7.4)				$	(1.6)		36.0		$	2.7			$	(4.1)		$	(2.2)			$	(0.4)	$	(3.9)		$	(0.2)	$	(4.1)

(1) Based on the fair value of open hedges as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

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Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments (1)


					Asset/(Liability) at June 30, 2023		Effect on other, net (income) expense – increase/(decrease)
	Notional Amount		Interest Rate				Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
							2023		2022		2023		2022
	($ in millions)

TILC warehouse facility – interest rate cap	$	800.0	2.50	%	$	17.7	$	(4.3)	$	—	$	(5.2)	$	—
TILC – interest rate cap	$	800.0	2.50	%	$	(17.7)	$	4.3	$	—	$	5.2	$	—

(1)Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are comprised of back-to-back interest rate caps entered into with the same counterparty that offset and do not have a net effect on Trinity's consolidated earnings. These derivative contracts were entered into in connection with our risk management objectives.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. An entity is required to establish a fair value hierarchy that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are listed below.

Level 1 – This level is defined as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Our cash equivalents and restricted cash are instruments of the U.S. Treasury or highly-rated money market mutual funds. The assets measured as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy are summarized below:


		Level 1					Level 1
		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)
Assets:	Assets:					Assets:
Cash equivalents	Cash equivalents	$	34.7	$	11.4	Cash equivalents	$	65.2	$	29.8
Restricted cash	Restricted cash	180.2		135.1		Restricted cash	204.9		214.7
Total assets	Total assets	$	214.9	$	146.5	Total assets	$	270.1	$	244.5

Level 2 – This level is defined as observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Interest rate ~~hedges~~swaps and interest rate caps are valued at exit prices obtained from each counterparty. Foreign currency hedges are valued at exit prices obtained from each counterparty, which are based on currency spot and forward rates and forward points. The assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy are summarized below:


	~~Level 2~~
	~~September 30, 2022~~		~~December 31, 2021~~
	~~(in millions)~~
~~Assets:~~
~~Interest rate hedge~~ ~~(1)~~	$	~~19.6~~	$	—
~~Foreign currency hedge~~ ~~(1)~~	~~1.1~~		—
~~Total assets~~	$	~~20.7~~	$	—

~~Liabilities:~~
~~Interest rate hedge~~ ~~(2)~~	$	—	$	~~21.0~~
~~Foreign currency hedge~~ ~~(2)~~	—		~~0.1~~
~~Total liabilities~~	$	—	$	~~21.1~~


	Level 2
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(in millions)
Assets:
Interest rate hedge (1)	$	21.7	$	19.7
Foreign currency hedge (1)	2.7		2.0
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (1)	17.7		21.6
Total assets	$	42.1	$	43.3

Liabilities:


Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (2)	$	17.7	$	21.6
Total liabilities	$	17.7	$	21.6

(1) Included in other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(2) Included in accrued liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Level 3 – This level is defined as unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, we have no assets or liabilities measured on a recurring basis as Level 3 in the fair value ~~hierarchy.~~hierarchy, except as described in Note 2.

See Note 12 for more information regarding ~~non-recurring~~ fair value measurements involving Level 3 inputs resulting from acquisition activity. See Note 8 for the estimated fair values of our debt instruments. The fair values of all other financial instruments are estimated to approximate carrying value.

Note 4. Segment Information

We report our operating results in two reportable segments: (1) the Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group, which owns and operates a fleet of railcars and provides third-party fleet leasing, management, and administrative services, as well as other railcar logistics products and services; and (2) the Rail Products Group, which manufactures and sells railcars and related parts and components, and provides railcar maintenance and modification services. Following the sale of THP, which was previously reported within All Other, we have combined the results of the prior Corporate and All Other groupings into a single Corporate and other grouping. The remaining activity previously reported in All Other primarily includes legal, environmental, and maintenance costs associated with non-operating facilities. Results of prior periods have been recast to reflect these changes and present results on a comparable basis.

Gains and losses from the sale of property, plant, and equipment are included in the operating profit of each respective segment. Our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") regularly reviews the operating results of our reportable segments in order to assess performance and allocate resources. Our CODM does not consider restructuring activities when evaluating segment operating results; therefore, restructuring activities are not allocated to segment profit or loss.

Sales and related net profits ("deferred profit") from the Rail Products Group to the Leasing Group are recorded in the Rail Products Group and eliminated in consolidation and are reflected in "Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary" in the tables below. Sales between these groups are recorded at prices comparable to those charged to external customers, taking into consideration quantity, features, and production demand. Amortization of deferred profit on railcars sold to the Leasing Group is included in the operating profit of the Leasing Group, resulting in the recognition of depreciation expense based on our original manufacturing cost of the railcars. Lease portfolio sales are included in the Leasing Group, with related gains and losses computed based on the net book value of the original manufacturing cost of the railcars.

The financial information for these segments is shown in the tables below (in millions). We operate principally in North America.


		Three Months Ended September 30, 2022						Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
		Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group		Rail Products Group		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary			Eliminations – Other		Consolidated Total			Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group		Rail Products Group		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary		Eliminations – Other		Consolidated Total
External revenue	External revenue	$	194.6	$	302.0	$	—		$	—	$	496.6	External revenue	$	223.0	$	499.4	$	—	$	—	$	722.4
Intersegment revenue	Intersegment revenue	0.2		295.3		(295.3)			(0.2)		—		Intersegment revenue	0.2		209.6		(209.6)		(0.2)		—
Total revenues	Total revenues	$	194.8	$	597.3	$	(295.3)		$	(0.2)	$	496.6	Total revenues	$	223.2	$	709.0	$	(209.6)	$	(0.2)	$	722.4


		Three Months Ended September 30, 2021						Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
		Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group		Rail Products Group		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary			Eliminations – Other		Consolidated Total			Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group		Rail Products Group		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary		Eliminations – Other		Consolidated Total
External revenue	External revenue	$	185.3	$	234.5	$	—		$	—	$	419.8	External revenue	$	195.1	$	221.7	$	—	$	—	$	416.8
Intersegment revenue	Intersegment revenue	0.2		105.4		(105.3)			(0.3)		—		Intersegment revenue	0.2		208.9		(208.9)		(0.2)		—
Total revenues	Total revenues	$	185.5	$	339.9	$	(105.3)		$	(0.3)	$	419.8	Total revenues	$	195.3	$	430.6	$	(208.9)	$	(0.2)	$	416.8


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group		Rail Products Group		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary		Eliminations – Other		Consolidated Total
External revenue	$	426.3	$	937.8	$	—	$	—	$	1,364.1
Intersegment revenue	0.4		409.0		(409.0)		(0.4)		—
Total revenues	$	426.7	$	1,346.8	$	(409.0)	$	(0.4)	$	1,364.1

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group Rail Products Group Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary Eliminations – Other Consolidated Total
External revenue $ 572.6 $ 813.5 $ — $ — $ 1,386.1
Intersegment revenue 0.6 605.5 (605.5) (0.6) —
Total revenues $ 573.2 $ 1,419.0 $ (605.5) $ (0.6) $ 1,386.1


		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021								Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
		Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group		Rail Products Group		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary		Eliminations – Other			Consolidated Total			Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group		Rail Products Group		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary		Eliminations – Other		Consolidated Total
External revenue	External revenue	$	553.6	$	490.2	$	—	$	—		$	1,043.8	External revenue	$	378.0	$	511.5	$	—	$	—	$	889.5
Intersegment revenue	Intersegment revenue	0.5		372.5		(367.6)		(5.4)			—		Intersegment revenue	0.4		310.2		(310.2)		(0.4)		—
Total revenues	Total revenues	$	554.1	$	862.7	$	(367.6)	$	(5.4)		$	1,043.8	Total revenues	$	378.4	$	821.7	$	(310.2)	$	(0.4)	$	889.5

The reconciliation of segment operating profit to consolidated net income is as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021			2023		2022		2023		2022
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Operating profit:	Operating profit:									Operating profit:
Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	107.9	$	109.3	$	293.2	$	268.7	Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	118.5	$	105.5	$	204.0	$	185.3
Rail Products Group	Rail Products Group	26.0		(3.1)		40.5		(8.7)		Rail Products Group	23.7		13.7		49.0		14.5
Segment Totals	Segment Totals	133.9		106.2		333.7		260.0		Segment Totals	142.2		119.2		253.0		199.8
Corporate and other	Corporate and other	(21.4)		(23.1)		(62.2)		(63.1)		Corporate and other	(31.6)		(25.1)		(57.6)		(40.8)

Restructuring activities, net	Restructuring activities, net	—		0.1		(1.0)		1.1		Restructuring activities, net	1.8		(1.0)		2.2		(1.0)
Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	(19.6)		(4.5)		(48.7)		(9.3)		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	(13.1)		(20.3)		(29.9)		(29.1)
Eliminations – Other	Eliminations – Other	(0.2)		(0.4)		(1.3)		(1.1)		Eliminations – Other	(0.2)		0.2		0.4		(1.1)
Consolidated operating profit	Consolidated operating profit	92.7		78.3		220.5		187.6		Consolidated operating profit	99.1		73.0		168.1		127.8
Other (income) expense	Other (income) expense	54.4		44.5		147.0		160.5		Other (income) expense	68.2		50.7		131.9		92.6
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	Provision (benefit) for income taxes	8.6		8.3		17.4		9.4		Provision (benefit) for income taxes	7.4		5.8		(4.1)		8.8
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes		(3.4)		10.4		(13.7)		24.3
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes										Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	(2.3)		(3.4)		(5.4)		(10.3)
Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes	Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes	—		—		(5.7)		—		Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes	—		(4.6)		—		(5.7)
Net income	Net income	$	26.3	$	35.9	$	36.7	$	42.0	Net income	$	21.2	$	8.5	$	34.9	$	10.4

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Note 5. Partially-Owned Leasing Subsidiaries

Through our wholly-owned subsidiary, ~~Trinity Industries Leasing Company ("TILC"),~~TILC, we formed two subsidiaries, TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013, for the purpose of providing railcar leasing services in North America for institutional investors. Each of TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 are direct, partially-owned subsidiaries of TILC in which we have a controlling interest. Each is governed by a seven-member board of representatives, two of whom are designated by TILC. TILC is the agent of each of TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 and, as such, has been delegated the authority, power, and discretion to take certain actions on behalf of the respective companies.

At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the carrying value of our investment in TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 totaled ~~$134.5~~$134.1 million. Our weighted average ownership interest in TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 is 38% while the remaining 62% weighted average interest is owned by third-party, investor-owned funds. The investment in our partially-owned leasing subsidiaries is eliminated in consolidation.

~~Table of Contents~~

Each of TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 has wholly-owned subsidiaries that are the owners of railcars acquired from our Rail Products and Leasing Groups. TRIP Holdings has wholly-owned subsidiaries known as Triumph Rail LLC ("Triumph Rail") and Tribute ~~Rail.~~Rail LLC ("Tribute Rail"). RIV 2013 has a wholly-owned subsidiary known as TRP 2021 LLC ("TRP-2021"). TILC is the contractual servicer for Triumph Rail, Tribute Rail, and TRP-2021, with the authority to manage and service each entity's owned railcars. Our controlling interest in each of TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 results from our combined role as both equity member and agent/servicer. The noncontrolling interest included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets represents the non-Trinity equity interest in these partially-owned subsidiaries.

Trinity has no obligation to guarantee performance under any of our partially-owned subsidiaries' (or their respective subsidiaries') debt agreements, guarantee any railcar residual values, shield any parties from losses or guarantee minimum yields.

The assets of each of Triumph Rail, Tribute Rail, and TRP-2021 may only be used to satisfy the particular subsidiary's liabilities, and the creditors of each of Triumph Rail, Tribute Rail, and TRP-2021 have recourse only to the particular subsidiary's assets. Each of TILC and the third-party equity investors receive distributions from TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013, when available, in proportion to its respective equity interests, and has an interest in the net assets of the partially-owned subsidiaries upon a liquidation event in the same proportion. TILC is paid fees for the services it provides to Triumph Rail, Tribute Rail, and TRP-2021 and has the potential to earn certain incentive fees. There are no remaining equity commitments with respect to TRIP Holdings or RIV 2013.

See Note 8 for additional information regarding the debt of TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 ~~including the debt issuance of Tribute Rail~~ and ~~the repayment of TRIP Railcar Co. LLC's ("TRIP Railcar Co.") outstanding term loan agreement.~~their respective subsidiaries.

Investment in Unconsolidated Affiliate

In August 2021, the Company and Wafra, Inc. (“Wafra”), a global alternative investment manager, announced a new railcar investment vehicle (“RIV”) program between Trinity and certain funds managed by Wafra (“Wafra Funds”). As part of this program, a joint venture was formed, Signal Rail Holdings LLC (“Signal Rail”), which ~~was~~is currently owned ~~90%~~87.1% by Wafra Funds and ~~10%~~12.9% by TILC. Signal Rail or its subsidiaries are expected to invest in diversified portfolios of leased railcars originated by TILC targeting up to $1 billion in total acquisitions over an expected three-year investment period. TILC will service all railcars owned by Signal Rail.

~~In August 2022,~~ To date, TILC ~~and certain of its subsidiaries~~has sold ~~a second portfolio comprised of 2,678~~6,460 railcars and related leases to Signal Rail for an aggregate sales price of approximately $254.1 million. TILC recognized a gain of approximately $25.1 million on the sale and approximately $2.5 million was recognized as revenue for services performed associated with the delivery of railcars with attached leases during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. In connection with the sale, TILC contributed $13.5 million of cash to Signal Rail, resulting in an increase in TILC's weighted average equity ownership in Signal Rail to 12.9%. Signal Rail financed the August 2022 purchase primarily through a term loan. To date, TILC has sold 6,260 railcars to Signal Rail for an aggregate sales price of $579.2$598.6 million.

Upon consideration under the variable interest entity (“VIE”) model of ASC 810,Consolidations, Trinity has concluded that Signal Rail meets the definition of a VIE. TILC has variable interests in Signal Rail arising from its 12.9% equity ownership position and its role as a service provider. We determined that Trinity is not the primary beneficiary and therefore does not consolidate this entity as we do not have the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact its economic performance. We will absorb portions of Signal Rail’s expected losses and/or receive portions of expected residual returns commensurate with our 12.9% equity interest in Signal Rail.

Our investment in Signal Rail is being accounted for under the equity method of accounting. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the carrying value of TILC’s equity investment in Signal Rail was ~~$20.6~~$20.9 million, which is included in other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The carrying value of this investment, together with any potential future investments described above, collectively represent our maximum exposure in Signal Rail.

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Note 6. Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group

The Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group owns and operates a fleet of railcars as well as provides third-party fleet leasing, management, and administrative services. Selected consolidated financial information for the Leasing Group is as follows:


		September 30, 2022											June 30, 2023
		Wholly- Owned Subsidiaries		Partially-Owned Subsidiaries		Total Leasing Group		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary(1)		Adjusted Total Leasing Group			Wholly- Owned Subsidiaries		Partially-Owned Subsidiaries		Total Leasing Group		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary(1)		Adjusted Total Leasing Group
		(in millions)											(in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	4.4	$	—	$	4.4	$	—	$	4.4	Cash and cash equivalents	$	6.8	$	—	$	6.8	$	—	$	6.8
Accounts receivable	Accounts receivable	97.3		12.3		109.6		—		109.6		Accounts receivable	127.5		12.7		140.2		—		140.2
Property, plant, and equipment, net	Property, plant, and equipment, net	5,793.1		1,533.5		7,326.6		(774.4)		6,552.2		Property, plant, and equipment, net	5,945.2		1,500.8		7,446.0		(763.8)		6,682.2
Restricted cash	Restricted cash	117.1		63.1		180.2		—		180.2		Restricted cash	135.8		69.1		204.9		—		204.9
Other assets	Other assets	132.6		1.9		134.5		—		134.5		Other assets	203.2		1.6		204.8		—		204.8
Total assets	Total assets	$	6,144.5	$	1,610.8	$	7,755.3	$	(774.4)	$	6,980.9	Total assets	$	6,418.5	$	1,584.2	$	8,002.7	$	(763.8)	$	7,238.9

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	114.9	$	42.9	$	157.8	$	—	$	157.8	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	134.4	$	40.9	$	175.3	$	—	$	175.3
Debt, net	Debt, net	3,844.5		1,190.2		5,034.7		—		5,034.7		Debt, net	3,870.8		1,167.9		5,038.7		—		5,038.7
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	1,147.0		0.9		1,147.9		(177.6)		970.3		Deferred income taxes	1,151.3		1.1		1,152.4		(167.3)		985.1
Other liabilities	Other liabilities	41.7		—		41.7		—		41.7		Other liabilities	32.8		—		32.8		—		32.8
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	5,148.1		1,234.0		6,382.1		(177.6)		6,204.5		Total liabilities	5,189.3		1,209.9		6,399.2		(167.3)		6,231.9
Noncontrolling interest	Noncontrolling interest	—		255.2		255.2		—		255.2		Noncontrolling interest	—		254.4		254.4		—		254.4
Total Equity	Total Equity	$	996.4	$	121.6	$	1,118.0	$	(596.8)	$	521.2	Total Equity	$	1,229.2	$	119.9	$	1,349.1	$	(596.5)	$	752.6


		December 31, 2021											December 31, 2022
		Wholly- Owned Subsidiaries		Partially-Owned Subsidiaries		Total Leasing Group		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary(1)		Adjusted Total Leasing Group			Wholly- Owned Subsidiaries		Partially-Owned Subsidiaries		Total Leasing Group		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary(1)		Adjusted Total Leasing Group
		(in millions)											(in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	3.4	$	—	$	3.4	$	—	$	3.4	Cash and cash equivalents	$	2.6	$	—	$	2.6	$	—	$	2.6
Accounts receivable	Accounts receivable	90.7		10.1		100.8		—		100.8		Accounts receivable	89.9		10.8		100.7		—		100.7
Property, plant, and equipment, net	Property, plant, and equipment, net	5,706.1		1,570.6		7,276.7		(779.1)		6,497.6		Property, plant, and equipment, net	5,788.1		1,521.3		7,309.4		(763.3)		6,546.1
Restricted cash	Restricted cash	76.5		58.6		135.1		—		135.1		Restricted cash	140.3		74.4		214.7		—		214.7
Other assets	Other assets	67.3		2.1		69.4		—		69.4		Other assets	150.3		2.2		152.5		—		152.5
Total assets	Total assets	$	5,944.0	$	1,641.4	$	7,585.4	$	(779.1)	$	6,806.3	Total assets	$	6,171.2	$	1,608.7	$	7,779.9	$	(763.3)	$	7,016.6

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	113.4	$	30.1	$	143.5	$	—	$	143.5	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	109.7	$	44.1	$	153.8	$	—	$	153.8
Debt, net	Debt, net	3,555.8		1,216.1		4,771.9		—		4,771.9		Debt, net	3,800.7		1,182.8		4,983.5		—		4,983.5
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	1,114.2		1.1		1,115.3		(176.6)		938.7		Deferred income taxes	1,152.3		1.1		1,153.4		(173.1)		980.3
Other liabilities	Other liabilities	35.6		—		35.6		—		35.6		Other liabilities	38.8		—		38.8		—		38.8
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	4,819.0		1,247.3		6,066.3		(176.6)		5,889.7		Total liabilities	5,101.5		1,228.0		6,329.5		(173.1)		6,156.4
Noncontrolling interest	Noncontrolling interest	—		267.0		267.0		—		267.0		Noncontrolling interest	—		257.2		257.2		—		257.2
Total Equity	Total Equity	$	1,125.0	$	127.1	$	1,252.1	$	(602.5)	$	649.6	Total Equity	$	1,069.7	$	123.5	$	1,193.2	$	(590.2)	$	603.0

(1) Net deferred profit on railcars sold to the Leasing Group consists of intersegment profit that is eliminated in consolidation. Net deferred profit and the related deferred tax impact are included as adjustments to the property, plant, and equipment, net and deferred income taxes line items, respectively, in the Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary column above to reflect the net book value of the railcars purchased by the Leasing Group from the Rail Products Group based on manufacturing cost. See Note 5 and Note 8 for a further discussion regarding our investment in our partially-owned leasing subsidiaries and the related indebtedness.

2021

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		Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,									Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022			2021			Percent		2022			2021			Percent			2023			2022			Percent		2023			2022			Percent
		($ in millions)						Change		($ in millions)						Change			($ in millions)						Change		($ in millions)						Change
Revenues:	Revenues:																	Revenues:
Leasing and management	Leasing and management	$	194.8		$	185.5		5.0	%	$	573.2		$	554.1		3.4	%	Leasing and management	$	223.2		$	195.3		14.3	%	$	426.7		$	378.4		12.8	%

Operating profit (1):	Operating profit (1):																	Operating profit (1):
Leasing and management	Leasing and management	$	73.6		$	76.4		(3.7)	%	$	220.2		$	223.0		(1.3)	%	Leasing and management	$	88.7		$	78.6		12.8	%	$	160.7		$	146.6		9.6	%
Lease portfolio sales (2)	Lease portfolio sales (2)	34.3			32.9			*		73.0			45.7			*		Lease portfolio sales (2)	29.8			26.9			*		43.3			38.7			*
Total operating profit	Total operating profit	$	107.9		$	109.3		(1.3)	%	$	293.2		$	268.7		9.1	%	Total operating profit	$	118.5		$	105.5		12.3	%	$	204.0		$	185.3		10.1	%
Total operating profit margin	Total operating profit margin	55.4		%	58.9		%			51.2		%	48.5		%			Total operating profit margin	53.1		%	54.0		%			47.8		%	49.0		%

Leasing and management operating profit margin	Leasing and management operating profit margin	37.8		%	41.2		%			38.4		%	40.2		%			Leasing and management operating profit margin	39.7		%	40.2		%			37.7		%	38.7		%

Selected expense information:	Selected expense information:																	Selected expense information:
Depreciation (3)		$	59.1		$	58.7		0.7	%	$	175.7		$	170.5		3.0	%
Depreciation and amortization (3)																		Depreciation and amortization (3)	$	61.1		$	59.4		2.9	%	$	123.5		$	116.6		5.9	%
Maintenance and compliance	Maintenance and compliance	$	28.2		$	22.8		23.7	%	$	84.7		$	73.7		14.9	%	Maintenance and compliance	$	35.0		$	27.3		28.2	%	$	70.8		$	56.5		25.3	%
Rent and ad valorem taxes	Rent and ad valorem taxes	$	5.2		$	5.0		4.0	%	$	15.5		$	14.3		8.4	%	Rent and ad valorem taxes	$	4.2		$	5.3		(20.8)	%	$	8.5		$	10.3		(17.5)	%
Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	$	14.2		$	11.6		22.4	%	$	39.6		$	36.1		9.7	%	Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	$	14.0		$	12.6		11.1	%	$	29.7		$	25.4		16.9	%
Interest (4)	Interest (4)	$	49.2		$	39.9		23.3	%	$	133.9		$	142.6		(6.1)	%	Interest (4)	$	57.0		$	46.0		23.9	%	$	111.8		$	84.7		32.0	%

* Not meaningful

(1) Operating profit includes: depreciation; fleet operating costs, which include maintenance, compliance, freight, and storage; rent and ad valorem taxes; and selling, engineering, and administrative expenses. Amortization of deferred profit on railcars sold from the Rail Products Group to the Leasing Group is included in the operating profit of the Leasing Group, resulting in the recognition of depreciation expense based on our original manufacturing cost of the railcars. Interest expense is not a component of operating profit and includes the effect of hedges.

(2) Includes $1.3 million selling profit associated with sales-type leases for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2022.

(3) Depreciation expense includes ~~$2.4~~$0.8 million and ~~$8.5~~$5.5 million for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively, related to the disposal of certain railcar components associated with our sustainable railcar conversion program. For the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, depreciation expense includes ~~$4.7~~$3.9 million and ~~$7.3~~$6.1 million, respectively, related to our sustainable railcar conversion program.

(4) Interest expense for the ~~nine~~three and six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2022 includes $1.5 million of loss on extinguishment of debt associated with the repayment of TRIP Railcar Co.'s LLC's outstanding term loan agreement. ~~Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 includes $11.7 million of loss on extinguishment of debt associated with the refinancing of our partially-owned subsidiaries' debt.~~

Information related to lease portfolio sales is as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022			2021			2022			2021				2023			2022			2023			2022
		($ in millions)													($ in millions)
Lease portfolio sales	Lease portfolio sales	$	299.6		$	322.1		$	514.8		$	410.9		Lease portfolio sales	$	129.0		$	144.1		$	185.7		$	215.2
Operating profit on lease portfolio sales (1)	Operating profit on lease portfolio sales (1)	$	34.3		$	32.9		$	71.7		$	45.7		Operating profit on lease portfolio sales (1)	$	29.8		$	26.9		$	43.3		$	37.4
Operating profit margin on lease portfolio sales	Operating profit margin on lease portfolio sales	11.4		%	10.2		%	13.9		%	11.1		%	Operating profit margin on lease portfolio sales	23.1		%	18.7		%	23.3		%	17.4		%

(1) Excludes $1.3 million selling profit associated with sales-type leases for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2022.

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Railcar Leasing Equipment Portfolio. The Leasing Group's equipment consists primarily of railcars leased by third parties. The Leasing Group purchases equipment manufactured predominantly by the Rail Products Group and enters into lease contracts with third parties with terms generally ranging between one year and ten years. The Leasing Group primarily enters into operating leases. Future contractual minimum rental revenues on operating leases related to our wholly-owned and partially-owned subsidiaries are as follows:

Remaining three months of 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Thereafter Total
(in millions)
Future contractual minimum rental revenues $ 154.2 $ 512.2 $ 402.2 $ 304.8 $ 218.1 $ 368.9 $ 1,960.4


	Remaining six months of 2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter		Total
	(in millions)
Future contractual minimum rental revenues	$	335.6	$	582.7	$	471.1	$	357.6	$	260.6	$	399.8	$	2,407.4

Debt. Wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Leasing Group’s debt at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 consisted primarily of non-recourse debt. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, Trinity’s wholly-owned subsidiaries included in the Leasing Group held equipment with a net book value of ~~$5,431.2~~$5,641.3 million, which is pledged solely as collateral for Leasing Group debt held by those subsidiaries. The net book value of unpledged equipment at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 was ~~$350.8~~$292.3 million. See Note 8 for more information regarding the Leasing ~~Group~~Group’s debt.

Partially-owned subsidiaries. Debt owed by TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 and their respective subsidiaries is nonrecourse to Trinity and TILC. Creditors of each of TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 and their respective subsidiaries have recourse only to the particular subsidiary's assets. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, TRIP Holdings held equipment with a net book value of ~~$1,078.6~~$1,066.8 million, which is pledged solely as collateral for the TRIP Holdings' debt held by its subsidiaries. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, TRP-2021 equipment with a net book value of ~~$454.9~~$434.0 million is pledged solely as collateral for the TRP-2021 debt. See Note 5 for a description of TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 and their respective subsidiaries.

Operating Lease Obligations. Future amounts due as well as future contractual minimum rental revenues related to the Leasing Group's railcar operating lease obligations are as follows:


		Remaining three months of 2022		2023		2024		2025		2026		Thereafter		Total			Remaining six months of 2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter		Total
		(in millions)															(in millions)
Future operating lease obligations	Future operating lease obligations	$	3.2	$	11.9	$	7.9	$	6.0	$	5.7	$	8.7	$	43.4	Future operating lease obligations	$	5.3	$	7.0	$	6.2	$	5.8	$	5.3	$	3.7	$	33.3
Future contractual minimum rental revenues	Future contractual minimum rental revenues	$	2.5	$	7.7	$	3.8	$	2.6	$	1.9	$	0.5	$	19.0	Future contractual minimum rental revenues	$	5.1	$	6.1	$	4.2	$	2.5	$	0.8	$	0.2	$	18.9

Operating lease obligations totaling ~~$1.4~~$1.1 million are guaranteed by Trinity Industries, Inc. and certain subsidiaries. The Leasing Group also has future amounts due for operating lease obligations related to office space of approximately $0.2 million, which is excluded from the table above.

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Note 7. Property, Plant, and Equipment

The following table summarizes the components of property, plant, and equipment:


		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)
Manufacturing/Corporate:	Manufacturing/Corporate:					Manufacturing/Corporate:
Land	Land	$	15.8	$	17.4	Land	$	16.2	$	15.7
Buildings and improvements	Buildings and improvements	385.0		377.4		Buildings and improvements	368.9		384.6
Machinery and other	Machinery and other	406.0		415.1		Machinery and other	389.0		405.5
Construction in progress	Construction in progress	15.9		18.1		Construction in progress	18.4		18.1
		822.7		828.0			792.5		823.9
Less: accumulated depreciation	Less: accumulated depreciation	(481.1)		(478.7)		Less: accumulated depreciation	(445.5)		(483.2)
		341.6		349.3			347.0		340.7
Leasing:	Leasing:					Leasing:
Wholly-owned subsidiaries:	Wholly-owned subsidiaries:					Wholly-owned subsidiaries:
Machinery and other	Machinery and other	21.6		20.7		Machinery and other	25.6		21.7
Equipment on lease	Equipment on lease	7,223.5		7,061.3		Equipment on lease	7,466.4		7,247.3
		7,245.1		7,082.0			7,492.0		7,269.0
Less: accumulated depreciation	Less: accumulated depreciation	(1,452.0)		(1,375.9)		Less: accumulated depreciation	(1,546.8)		(1,480.9)
		5,793.1		5,706.1			5,945.2		5,788.1
Partially-owned subsidiaries:	Partially-owned subsidiaries:					Partially-owned subsidiaries:
Equipment on lease	Equipment on lease	2,234.5		2,242.9		Equipment on lease	2,238.2		2,230.4
Less: accumulated depreciation	Less: accumulated depreciation	(701.0)		(672.3)		Less: accumulated depreciation	(737.4)		(709.1)
		1,533.5		1,570.6			1,500.8		1,521.3

Deferred profit on railcars sold to the Leasing Group	Deferred profit on railcars sold to the Leasing Group	(1,057.5)		(1,047.3)		Deferred profit on railcars sold to the Leasing Group	(1,061.1)		(1,050.7)
Less: accumulated amortization	Less: accumulated amortization	283.1		268.2		Less: accumulated amortization	297.3		287.4
		(774.4)		(779.1)			(763.8)		(763.3)
		$	6,893.8	$	6,846.9		$	7,029.2	$	6,886.8

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Note 8. Debt

The carrying amounts of our debt are as follows:


		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)
Corporate – Recourse:	Corporate – Recourse:					Corporate – Recourse:
Revolving credit facility	Revolving credit facility	$	60.0	$	—	Revolving credit facility	$	—	$	225.0
Senior notes, net of unamortized discount of $0.1 and $0.1		399.9		399.9
Senior notes due 2024, net of unamortized discount of $0.1 and $0.1						Senior notes due 2024, net of unamortized discount of $0.1 and $0.1	399.9		399.9
Senior notes due 2028						Senior notes due 2028	400.0		—
		459.9		399.9			799.9		624.9
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	(0.9)		(1.2)		Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	(6.0)		(0.8)
Total recourse debt	Total recourse debt	459.0		398.7		Total recourse debt	793.9		624.1

Leasing – Non-recourse:	Leasing – Non-recourse:					Leasing – Non-recourse:
Wholly-owned subsidiaries:	Wholly-owned subsidiaries:					Wholly-owned subsidiaries:
Secured railcar equipment notes, net of unamortized discount of $0.4 and $0.5		2,412.3		2,257.5
2017 promissory notes, net of unamortized discount of $6.2 and $7.8		726.6		760.2
Secured railcar equipment notes, net of unamortized discount of $0.3 and $0.3						Secured railcar equipment notes, net of unamortized discount of $0.3 and $0.3	2,310.8		2,384.0
2017 promissory notes, net of unamortized discount of $4.5 and $5.6						2017 promissory notes, net of unamortized discount of $4.5 and $5.6	694.9		716.0
TRL-2023 term loan						TRL-2023 term loan	340.0		—
TILC warehouse facility	TILC warehouse facility	728.2		561.8		TILC warehouse facility	545.5		721.8
		3,867.1		3,579.5			3,891.2		3,821.8
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	(22.6)		(23.7)		Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	(20.4)		(21.1)
		3,844.5		3,555.8			3,870.8		3,800.7
Partially-owned subsidiaries:	Partially-owned subsidiaries:					Partially-owned subsidiaries:
Secured railcar equipment notes, net of unamortized discount of $0.4 and $0.3		1,200.7		903.5
TRIP Railcar Co. term loan		—		323.7
Secured railcar equipment notes, net of unamortized discount of $0.2 and $0.3						Secured railcar equipment notes, net of unamortized discount of $0.2 and $0.3	1,176.5		1,192.6

		1,200.7		1,227.2
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	(10.5)		(11.1)		Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	(8.6)		(9.8)
		1,190.2		1,216.1			1,167.9		1,182.8
Total non–recourse debt	Total non–recourse debt	5,034.7		4,771.9		Total non–recourse debt	5,038.7		4,983.5
Total debt	Total debt	$	5,493.7	$	5,170.6	Total debt	$	5,832.6	$	5,607.6

Estimated Fair Value of Debt – The estimated fair ~~value~~values of our 7.75% senior notes due 2028 ("Senior Notes due 2028") and our 4.55% senior notes due 2024 ("Senior ~~Notes"~~Notes due 2024") isare based on a quoted market price in a market with little activity (Level 2 input). The estimated fair values of our secured railcar equipment notes are based on our estimate of their fair value using unobservable input values provided by a third party (Level 3 inputs). The respective carrying values of our revolving credit facility, 2017 promissory notes, TRL-2023 term loan, and TILC warehouse facility ~~and TRIP Railcar Co. term loan~~ approximate fair value because the interest rate adjusts to the market interest rate. The estimated fair values of our debt are as follows:

September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
(in millions)
Level 1 $ 1,514.8 $ 1,645.7
Level 2 381.5 420.8
Level 3 3,284.8 3,215.4
$ 5,181.1 $ 5,281.9

~~Table of Contents~~


	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(in millions)
Level 1	$	1,580.4	$	1,662.8
Level 2	796.6		387.5
Level 3	3,116.5		3,194.0
	$	5,493.5	$	5,244.3

Revolving Credit Facility – We have a ~~$450.0~~$600.0 million unsecured corporate revolving credit facility. In ~~July 2022,~~March 2023, we amended our revolving credit facility to ~~extend its~~increase the total facility commitment from $450.0 million to $600.0 million, increase the maximum leverage ratio to provide additional flexibility, modify the limitations on restricted payments, and allow up to $100.0 million of annual dividends on the Company's common stock. We incurred $0.7 million in costs related to the amendment, which will be amortized to interest expense through the maturity date. The maturity date tofor the revolving credit facility is the earlier of (i) July 25, 2027 or (ii) July 2, 2024 if our Senior Notes due 2024 have not been repaid in full by that date.

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During the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we had total borrowings of ~~$545.0~~$315.0 million and total repayments of ~~$485.0~~$540.0 million under the revolving credit facility. Additionally, we had outstanding letters of credit issued in an aggregate amount of ~~$4.9~~$16.8 million. Of the ~~$385.1~~$583.2 million remaining unused amount, ~~$264.1~~$476.9 million was available for borrowing as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022.~~2023. The majority of our outstanding letters of credit as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 are scheduled to expire in ~~November~~October 2023. Our letters of credit obligations support performance bonds related to certain railcar orders. The revolving credit facility bears interest at a variable rate of ~~Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR")~~SOFR plus ~~2.35%~~(1) a benchmark adjustment of 10 basis points and (2) a facility margin of 1.75%, for an all-in interest rate of ~~5.34%~~6.90% as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022.~~2023. A commitment fee accrues on the average daily unused portion of the revolving credit facility at the rate of 0.175% to 0.40% ~~(0.35%~~(0.25% as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022)~~2023).

The revolving credit facility requires the maintenance of ratios related to minimum interest coverage for the leasing and manufacturing operations and maximum leverage. ~~In July 2022, we amended our revolving credit facility to increase the maximum leverage ratio to provide additional flexibility.~~ As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we were in compliance with all such financial covenants.

Senior Notes Due 2028 – In June 2023, we issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 7.75% senior notes due July 2028. These notes were issued through a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and outside the United States to non-U.S. persons pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. Interest on the Senior Notes due 2028 is payable semiannually commencing January 15, 2024. The Senior Notes due 2028 rank senior to existing and future subordinated debt and rank equal to existing and future senior indebtedness, including our Senior Notes due 2024 and our revolving credit facility. The Senior Notes due 2028 are subordinated to all our existing and future secured debt to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness. The Senior Notes due 2028 contain covenants that limit our ability and/or certain subsidiaries' ability to create or permit to exist certain liens; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; and consolidate, merge, or transfer all or substantially all of our assets. Our Senior Notes due 2028 are fully and unconditionally and jointly and severally guaranteed by each of our domestic subsidiaries that is a guarantor under our revolving credit facility. We incurred $5.5 million in debt issuance costs, which will be amortized to interest expense over the term of the Senior Notes due 2028. Net proceeds received from the issuance were used to repay outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility and to pay related fees, costs, premiums, and expenses in connection with the issuance. We intend to use the remainder of the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which may include repayment of other debt, including the Senior Notes due 2024.

TILC Warehouse Loan Facility – TILC has a $1.0 billion warehouse loan facility, which was established to finance railcars owned by TILC. During the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we had total borrowings of ~~$554.1~~$207.4 million and total repayments of ~~$387.7~~$383.7 million under the TILC warehouse loan facility. Of the remaining unused facility amount of ~~$271.8~~$454.5 million, ~~$142.1~~$129.9 million was available as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 based on the amount of warehouse-eligible, unpledged equipment. ~~In August 2022, we amended our warehouse loan facility to transition the facility benchmark rate from LIBOR to SOFR plus a benchmark adjustment.~~ Advances under the facility bear interest at one-month term SOFR plus (1) a benchmark adjustment of 11 basis points and (2) a facility margin of ~~185 basis points,~~1.85%, for an all-in interest rate of ~~4.48%~~7.12% at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

~~TRL-2022~~TRL-2017 SOFR Transition –In ~~April 2022,~~February 2023, we amended the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and the Trinity Rail Leasing ~~2022~~2017, LLC ("TRL-2017") interest rate swap agreements to transition the benchmark rate from LIBOR to SOFR plus a ~~Delaware limited liability company ("TRL-2022")~~benchmark adjustment. The Company has elected to apply the optional accounting expedient under ASC 848, Reference Rate Reform, for hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform.

TRL-2023 Term Loan – In June 2023, TRL-2023 entered into a $340.0 million term loan agreement. The TRL-2023 term loan was established to finance railcars and ~~a limited purpose, indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company owned through~~related operating leases thereon purchased by TRL-2023 from TILC ~~issued an aggregate principal amount of $244.8 million of its Series 2022-1 Class A Green Secured Railcar Equipment Notes (the "TRL-2022 Notes").~~and TILC's warehouse loan facility. The ~~TRL-2022 Notes bear~~TRL-2023 term loan bears interest at a ~~fixed~~variable rate of ~~4.55%~~daily simple SOFR plus (1) a benchmark adjustment of 10 basis points and (2) a facility margin of 1.80%, ~~are payable monthly, and have~~for an all-in interest rate of 6.96% as of June 30, 2023. The TRL-2023 term loan has a stated ~~final~~ maturity date of ~~May 20, 2052.~~June 12, 2028. We incurred ~~$2.6~~$2.2 million in debt issuance costs, which will be amortized to interest expense ~~through~~over the ~~anticipated repayment date~~term of the ~~TRL-2022 Notes.~~TRL-2023 term loan. The ~~TRL-2022 Notes are obligations~~TRL-2023 term loan is an obligation of ~~TRL-2022~~TRL-2023 and ~~are~~is non-recourse to Trinity. The ~~obligations are~~obligation is secured by a portfolio of railcars and operating leases thereon, certain cash reserves, and other assets to be acquired and owned by ~~TRL-2022.~~TRL-2023. Net proceeds received from the ~~railcars acquired in connection with the issuance of the TRL-2022 Notes~~transaction were used to repay approximately ~~$209.9~~$300.1 million of borrowings under TILC's warehouse loan facility and for general corporate purposes.

~~Tribute Rail~~ – In May 2022, Tribute Rail, an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of TRIP Holdings, issued an aggregate principal amount of (i) $290.0 million of its Series 2022-1 Class A Green Secured Railcar Equipment Notes (the “Class A Notes”) and (ii) $37.0 million of its Series 2022-1 Class B Green Secured Railcar Equipment Notes (the “Class B Notes”) (the Class A Notes and the Class B Notes are, collectively, the “Tribute Rail Notes”). The Class A Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.76%, and the Class B Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.75%. The Tribute Rail Notes are payable monthly and have a stated final maturity date of May 17, 2052. We incurred $3.4 million in debt issuance costs, which will be amortized to interest expense through the anticipated repayment date of the Tribute Rail Notes. The Tribute Rail Notes are non-recourse to Trinity, TILC, TRIP Holdings, and the other equity investors in TRIP Holdings, and are secured by Tribute Rail's portfolio of railcars and operating leases thereon, certain cash reserves, and other assets acquired and owned by Tribute Rail.

Tribute Rail used the proceeds from the sale of the Tribute Rail Notes to purchase railcars and related operating leases from TRIP Railcar Co. TRIP Railcar Co. used the proceeds from Tribute Rail to repay its outstanding term loan agreement due June 2025, of which $319.4 million was outstanding at the redemption date. In connection with the redemption, we recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.5 million, which related to the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs. This write-off is reflected in the loss on extinguishment of debt line of our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

~~Table of Contents~~

Each of our secured railcar equipment notes, including the TRL-2022 Notes and the Tribute Rail Notes, generally has an anticipated repayment date and a stated final maturity date. While the stated final maturity date of these notes is in 2052, the cash flows from the encumbered assets of each of TRL-2022 and Tribute Rail will be applied, pursuant to the payment priorities of their respective indentures, so as to amortize their respective notes to achieve monthly targeted principal balances. If the cash flow assumptions used in determining the targeted balances are met, it is anticipated that the notes will be repaid well in advance of their stated final maturity date. There can be no assurance, however, that such cash flow assumptions will be realized. If these notes are not repaid by the anticipated repayment date, the respective interest rates on these notes would increase from the fixed rates stated above.

Terms and conditions of our other ~~long-term~~ debt, including recourse and non-recourse provisions and scheduled maturities, are described in Note 8 of our ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Note 9. Income Taxes

The effective tax rate from continuing operations for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 was ~~22.5% and 23.7%~~an expense of 23.9%, ~~respectively,~~ which differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to state income taxes, foreign income taxes, non-deductible executive compensation, excess tax benefits associated with equity-based compensation, and taxes not recorded on our non-controlling interests in partially-owned ~~subsidiaries, and a reduction of our uncertain~~subsidiaries.

The effective tax ~~positions balance due to a lapse of a state statute of limitations.~~

~~For the three months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded income tax expense of $8.3 million on income~~rate from continuing operations ~~before income taxes~~for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was a benefit of ~~$33.8 million,~~11.3%, which differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to the release of residual taxes out of AOCI, the re-measurement of our net deferred tax liabilities due to the acquisition of RSI, changes in our valuation allowances, state income taxes, and foreign income taxes.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, one of our partially-owned subsidiaries released residual tax effects that had previously been recorded in AOCI. This deferred tax benefit was originally recorded before the partially-owned subsidiary was treated as a flow-through entity, remaining in AOCI until the underlying book-to-tax difference no longer existed, which occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2023. As a result, we recorded an $11.9 million income tax benefit in our Consolidated Statements of Operations during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Pursuant to the acquisition of RSI during the six months ended June 30, 2023, we re-measured our existing deferred tax assets and liabilities, taking into account the expected change to state tax apportionment. This resulted in an increase to our net deferred tax liability of $3.2 million in the period, which was recorded through deferred income tax expense.

The tax provision for the six months ended June 30, 2023 also reflects a $4.0 million tax benefit related to an adjustment to valuation allowances, primarily for deferred tax assets in Mexico, state tax loss carryforwards, and federal tax credits.

The effective tax rates from continuing operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 were expenses of 26.0% and 25.0%, respectively, which differ from the U.S. statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to state income taxes, foreign income taxes, non-deductible executive compensation, excess tax benefits associated with equity-based ~~compensation. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we~~compensation, and taxes not recorded ~~income tax expense of $9.4 million~~ on income from continuing operations before income taxes of $27.1 million, which differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to adjustments to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act carryback benefit previously recognized, partially offset by excess tax benefits associated with equity-based compensation.our non-controlling interests in partially-owned subsidiaries.

The total income tax receivable position as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 was ~~$11.0~~$15.3 million.

Our tax years through ~~2019~~2020 are effectively settled except with respect to carryback claims related to the 2013 through 2015 tax years, which are currently in ~~review.~~review by the Joint Committee on Taxation. We do not expect any significant changes to the carryback claims. We have received a partial acceptance letter for our 2021 federal tax refund and have one open issue. We have state tax returns that are under audit in the normal course of business, and our Mexican subsidiaries' tax returns statutes of limitations remain open for auditing ~~2017~~2018 forward. We believe we are appropriately reserved for any potential matters.

Note 10. Employee Retirement Plans

Our defined contribution expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $2.5 million and $6.8 million, respectively. Our defined contribution expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $2.5 million and $6.8 million, respectively.

~~The net periodic benefit cost~~Amounts related to our Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan was $0.2 million and $0.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The net periodic benefit cost related to our Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan was $0.1 million and $0.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. employee retirement plans are as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in millions)
Defined contribution expense	$	2.6	$	2.2	$	5.0	$	4.3
Net periodic benefit cost – Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (1)	$	0.1	$	0.1	$	0.3	$	0.3

(1)The non-service cost components of net periodic benefit cost are included in other, net (income) expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

~~Pension Plan Termination~~

In September 2019, our Board of Directors approved the termination of the Trinity Industries, Inc. Consolidated Pension Plan (the "Pension Plan"), effective December 31, 2019. The Pension Plan was settled in the fourth quarter of 2020, which resulted in the Company no longer having any remaining funded pension plan obligations. Upon settlement, we recognized a pre-tax non-cash pension settlement charge in the fourth quarter of 2020 of $151.5 million, which was inclusive of all unamortized losses previously recorded in AOCI.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we used $2.2 million to fund pension administrative expenses required to finalize the settlement of the Pension Plan, which is included in other, net (income) expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. There were no pension administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we used $0.2 million to fund pension administrative expenses, resulting in a remaining surplus of the Pension Plan of $0.4 million at September 30, 2022.

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Note 11. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ~~(Loss)~~

Changes in AOCI for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 are as follows:

Currency translation adjustments Unrealized gains/(losses) on derivative financial instruments Net actuarial gains/(losses) of defined benefit plans Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
(in millions)
Balances at December 31, 2021 $ (1.3) $ (12.2) $ (3.5) $ (17.0)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax, before reclassifications — 26.8 — 26.8
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax benefit of $—, $1.2, $—, and $1.2 — 4.6 0.2 4.8
Amounts reclassified to discontinued operations, net of tax 1.3 — — 1.3
Less: noncontrolling interest — 0.5 — 0.5
Other comprehensive income 1.3 31.9 0.2 33.4
Balances at September 30, 2022 $ — $ 19.7 $ (3.3) $ 16.4


	Unrealized gains/(losses) on derivative financial instruments		Net actuarial gains/(losses) of defined benefit plans		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
	(in millions)
Balances at December 31, 2022	$	20.9	$	(1.2)	$	19.7
Other comprehensive income, net of tax, before reclassifications	9.4		—		9.4
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax benefit of $9.9, $—, and $9.9	(18.8)		—		(18.8)

Less: noncontrolling interest	7.3		—		7.3
Other comprehensive loss	(2.1)		—		(2.1)
Balances at June 30, 2023	$	18.8	$	(1.2)	$	17.6

In May 2013, one of our partially-owned leasing subsidiaries, TRIP Holdings, was converted to a partnership for income tax purposes. At the time of the conversion, TRIP Holdings had deferred tax assets associated with certain terminated interest rate hedges that were initially recognized as a component of AOCI. As TRIP Holdings was no longer a taxable entity following the conversion, these deferred tax assets were removed during the year ended December 31, 2013, with a corresponding charge to income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, leaving residual tax effects in AOCI. These residual tax effects are released when the item giving rise to the tax effect is disposed of, liquidated, or terminated. Pursuant to our election of the portfolio approach, we released the residual tax effects when all of the interest rate swap balances were fully amortized, which occurred during the first quarter of 2023. Consequently, during the six months ended June 30, 2023, we recorded an income tax benefit of $13.2 million to TRIP Holdings, reflecting the reclassification of the residual tax effects previously recorded in AOCI. The controlling interest portion of this income tax benefit was $4.4 million.

See Note 3 for additional information on the reclassification of amounts in AOCI into earnings. Reclassifications of unrealized before-tax gains and losses on derivative financial instruments are included in interest expense, net for our interest rate hedges and in cost of revenues for our foreign currency hedges in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Reclassifications of before-tax net actuarial gains/(losses) of defined benefit plans are included in other, net (income) expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. ~~Changes in currency translation adjustments above relate to the final resolution~~

Table of ~~amounts associated with businesses previously disposed and are included in loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.~~Contents

Note 12. Common Stock and Stock-Based Compensation

Stockholders' Equity

In ~~September 2021,~~December 2022, our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program effective ~~September~~December 9, ~~2021 through December 31, 2022.~~2022 with no expiration. The new share repurchase program authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $250.0 million of its common stock. ~~In December 2021, we entered into an accelerated~~There were no shares repurchased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, repurchases totaled 1.8 million shares, at a cost of approximately $50.3 million, under a previous share repurchase ~~agreement (the "ASR") to repurchase $125.0 million~~program, which was terminated in the fourth quarter of our common stock. Approximately 3.3 million shares repurchased as part of the ASR on December 31, 2021 were delivered to the Company in January 2022 in accordance with normal settlement practices, representing approximately 80% of the total notional value of the ASR. The ASR was completed in April 2022. ~~Share repurchase activity under the authorized program is as follows:~~

Shares Repurchased Remaining Authorization to Repurchase
Period Number of Shares Cost
(in millions) Cost
(in millions)
September 9, 2021 Authorization $ 250.0
September 9, 2021 through September 30, 2021 — $ — $ 250.0
October 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021 5,155,491 151.9 $ 98.1
January 1, 2022 through March 31, 2022 — — $ 98.1
April 1, 2022 through June 30, 2022 1,760,462 50.3 $ 47.8 (1)
July 1, 2022 through September 30, 2022 610,000 14.1 $ 33.7
Total 7,525,953 $ 216.3

~~(1)~~Share repurchases during the second quarter of 2022 included ~~760,602~~0.8 million shares, at a cost of $25.0 million, representing the final settlement of the ~~ASR,~~accelerated share repurchase agreement, which was funded in December 2021 but a portion of which remained outstanding as of December 31, 2021.

Certain shares of stock repurchased during ~~September~~June 2022, totaling ~~$2.6~~$2.9 million, were cash settled in ~~October~~July 2022 in accordance with normal settlement practices.

~~Table of Contents~~

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, share repurchases totaled 2.8 million and 14.6 million, respectively, at a cost of approximately $77.1 million and $404.7 million, respectively. Share repurchases during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 included 8.1 million shares, at a cost of approximately $222.5 million, ~~from a privately negotiated transaction~~ with ValueAct Capital Master Fund, L.P ("ValueAct"). The repurchase from ValueAct was approved by our Board of Directors separately from, and did not reduce the authorized amount remaining under, the previous share repurchase program, which was completed in the third quarter of 2021.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense totaled approximately ~~$5.9~~$6.5 million and ~~$16.7~~$12.7 million for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense totaled approximately ~~$6.0~~$5.7 million and ~~$15.2~~$10.8 million for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The Company's annual grant of share-based awards generally occurs in the second quarter under our ~~2004 Fourth~~Fifth Amended and Restated Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the "Plan”). Our stock options have contractual terms of ten years and become exercisable over a three-year period. Expense related to stock options is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Expense related to restricted stock units ("RSUs") issued to eligible employees under the Plan is recognized over the vesting period, generally between three years and four years. Beginning in 2020, certain RSU grants provide for full vesting when the award recipients retire having reached 60 years of age and having provided at least ten years of service to the Company, provided that the awards remain outstanding for a period of six months from the date of grant. The expense for these awards is recognized over the applicable service period for each of the eligible award recipients. Expense related to RSUs and restricted stock awards ("RSAs") granted to non-employee directors under the Plan is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, generally one year. Expense related to performance units is recognized on a straight-line basis from their award date to the end of the performance period, generally three years.

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation awards granted during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022:~~2023:


		Number of Shares Granted	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Award			Number of Shares Granted	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Award

Restricted stock units	Restricted stock units	630,449	$	25.64	Restricted stock units	625,419	$	21.57
Restricted stock awards	Restricted stock awards	26,339	$	25.43	Restricted stock awards	22,937	$	21.32
Performance units	Performance units	243,084	$	29.89	Performance units	279,633	$	28.42

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Note 13. Earnings Per Common Share

Basic net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc. per common share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net income attributable to Trinity ~~remaining after allocation to unvested restricted shares~~ by the weighted average number of basic common shares outstanding for the period. Except when the effect would be antidilutive, the calculation of diluted EPS includes the net impact of potentially dilutive common shares. The Company has certain unvested RSAs that participate in dividends on a nonforfeitable basis and are therefore considered to be participating securities. Consequently, diluted net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc. per common share is calculated under both the two-class method and the treasury stock method, and the more dilutive of the two calculations is presented.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.


		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021			2023		2022		2023		2022
		(in millions, except per share amounts)									(in millions, except per share amounts)
Income from continuing operations	Income from continuing operations	$	29.7	$	25.5	$	56.1	$	17.7	Income from continuing operations	$	23.5	$	16.5	$	40.3	$	26.4
Less: Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		(0.5)		(3.9)		(7.9)		6.0
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest										Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(4.2)		(4.8)		(13.5)		(7.4)

Net income from continuing operations attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	Net income from continuing operations attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	29.2		21.6		48.2		23.7		Net income from continuing operations attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	19.3		11.7		26.8		19.0
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes		(3.4)		10.4		(13.7)		24.3
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes										Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	(2.3)		(3.4)		(5.4)		(10.3)
Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes	Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes	—		—		(5.7)		—		Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes	—		(4.6)		—		(5.7)

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.		(3.4)		10.4		(19.4)		24.3
Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.										Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	(2.3)		(8.0)		(5.4)		(16.0)
Net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	Net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	25.8	$	32.0	$	28.8	$	48.0	Net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	17.0	$	3.7	$	21.4	$	3.0

Basic weighted average shares outstanding	Basic weighted average shares outstanding	81.7		97.7		82.3		103.4		Basic weighted average shares outstanding	81.2		82.4		81.0		82.7
Effect of dilutive securities	Effect of dilutive securities	1.6		1.8		2.1		2.3		Effect of dilutive securities	2.2		2.0		2.5		2.2
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	83.3		99.5		84.4		105.7		Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	83.4		84.4		83.5		84.9

Basic earnings per common share:	Basic earnings per common share:									Basic earnings per common share:
Income from continuing operations	Income from continuing operations	$	0.36	$	0.22	$	0.59	$	0.23	Income from continuing operations	$	0.24	$	0.14	$	0.33	$	0.23
Income (loss) from discontinued operations		(0.04)		0.11		(0.24)		0.23
Loss from discontinued operations										Loss from discontinued operations	(0.03)		(0.10)		(0.07)		(0.19)
Basic net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	Basic net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	0.32	$	0.33	$	0.35	$	0.46	Basic net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	0.21	$	0.04	$	0.26	$	0.04
Diluted earnings per common share:	Diluted earnings per common share:									Diluted earnings per common share:
Income from continuing operations	Income from continuing operations	$	0.35	$	0.22	$	0.57	$	0.22	Income from continuing operations	$	0.23	$	0.14	$	0.32	$	0.23
Income (loss) from discontinued operations		(0.04)		0.11		(0.23)		0.23
Loss from discontinued operations										Loss from discontinued operations	(0.03)		(0.10)		(0.06)		(0.19)
Diluted net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	Diluted net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	0.31	$	0.33	$	0.34	$	0.45	Diluted net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	0.20	$	0.04	$	0.26	$	0.04

Potentially dilutive securities excluded from EPS calculation:	Potentially dilutive securities excluded from EPS calculation:									Potentially dilutive securities excluded from EPS calculation:
Antidilutive restricted shares	Antidilutive restricted shares	0.3		0.1		0.1		0.1		Antidilutive restricted shares	0.1		0.1		0.1		0.1
Antidilutive stock options	Antidilutive stock options	—		—		—		—		Antidilutive stock options	—		—		—		—

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Note 14. Contingencies

Highway products litigation

We previously reported the filing of a False Claims Act (“FCA”) complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Marshall Division (“District Court”) styled Joshua Harman, on behalf of the United States of America, Plaintiff/Relator v. Trinity Industries, Inc., Defendant, Case No. 2:12-cv-00089-JRG (E.D. Tex.). In this case, in which the U.S. Government declined to intervene, the relator, Mr. Joshua Harman, alleged the Company violated the FCA pertaining to sales of the ET Plus. On October 20, 2014, a trial in this case concluded with a jury verdict stating that the Company and THP “knowingly made, used or caused to be made or used, a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim," and the District Court entered judgment on the verdict in the total amount of $682.4 million. On September 29, 2017, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ("Fifth Circuit") reversed the District Court’s $682.4 million judgment and rendered judgment as a matter of law in favor of the Company and THP. On January 7, 2019, the United States Supreme Court denied Mr. Harman's petition for certiorari seeking review of the Fifth Circuit's decision. The denial of Mr. Harman's petition ended this action.

Pursuant to the purchase and sale agreement related to the sale of THP, the Company ~~has~~ agreed to indemnify Rush Hour for certain liabilities related to the highway products business, including those liabilities resulting from or arising out of (a) the proceedings set forth under “State actions” and "Missouri class action" below and (b) any other proceedings to the extent resulting from or arising out of ET Plus systems or specified ET Plus component parts that are both (i) manufactured prior to December 31, 2021, and (ii) sold in the United States on or prior to April 30, 2022, or related warranty obligations with respect thereto.

State actions

Mr. Harman also has a separate state qui tam action currently pending pursuant to the Virginia Fraud Against Taxpayers Act ("VFATA") (Commonwealth of Virginia ex rel. Joshua M. Harman v. Trinity Industries, Inc. and Trinity Highway Products, LLC, Case No. CL13-698, in the Circuit Court, Richmond, Virginia). In this matter, Mr. Harman alleged the Company violated the VFATA pertaining to sales of the ET Plus, and he is seeking damages, civil penalties, attorneys’ fees, costs, and interest. The Commonwealth of Virginia Attorney General has intervened in the Virginia ~~matter, which is scheduled~~matter. The trial court has set the case for trial on ~~April 17, 2023.~~March 18, 2024. The Company believes that the claims in this matter are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against all allegations.

In a similar Tennessee state qui tam action filed by Mr. Harman (State of Tennessee ex rel. Joshua M. Harman v. Trinity Industries, Inc., and Trinity Highway Products, LLC, Case No. 14C2652, in the Circuit Court for Davidson County, Tennessee), Mr. Harman alleged the Company violated the Tennessee False Claim Act pertaining to sales of the ET Plus, and he is seeking damages, civil penalties, attorneys’ fees, costs, and interest. The State of Tennessee Attorney General filed a Notice of Election to Decline Intervention in this matter. On January 10, 2022, the trial court granted Trinity’s Motion to Dismiss Harman’s Second Amended Complaint and entered an order dismissing Mr. Harman’s complaint with prejudice. On February 7, 2022, Mr. Harman filed a Notice of Appeal of the trial court's order dismissing the case. On June 13, 2023, the Tennessee Court of Appeals affirmed the trial court's decision dismissing Mr. Harman's ~~appeal remains pending.~~Second Amended Complaint with prejudice. The deadline for Mr. Harman to petition for review by the Tennessee Supreme Court is August 14, 2023. The Company believes that the claims in this matter are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against all allegations.

In a similar New Jersey state qui tam action (State of New Jersey ex rel. Joshua M. Harman v. Trinity Industries, Inc. and Trinity Highway Products, LLC, Case No.L-1344-14, in the Superior Court of New Jersey Law Division: Mercer County) that was previously dismissed by the trial court, Mr. Harman sought leave to file an amended complaint pursuant to the New Jersey False Claims Act. On February 16, 2022, the trial court denied Mr. Harman’s motion. On March 9, 2022, Mr. Harman filed a motion for reconsideration of the trial court’s order denying leave to file an amended complaint. On June 27, 2022, the trial court denied Mr. Harman’s motion for reconsideration seeking leave to file an amended complaint with prejudice. On August 9, 2022, Mr. Harman filed a Notice of Appeal of the trial court's order denying Mr. Harman's motion for reconsideration. Mr. Harman's appeal remains pending. The Company believes that the claims in this matter are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against all allegations.

As previously reported, state qui tam actions filed by Mr. Harman in the states of Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, Rhode Island, and California were dismissed. Also as previously reported, in June 2022, a state qui tam action filed by Mr. Harman in the state of Massachusetts was settled for $5.0 million, which is included in income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes, in our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

~~Table of Contents~~

Based on information currently available to the Company and previously disclosed, we currently do not believe that a loss is probable in the Virginia, Tennessee, and New Jersey state qui tam actions described under "State actions," therefore no accrual has been included in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. Because of the complexity of these actions, as well as the current status of certain of these actions, we are not able to estimate a range of possible losses with respect to any one or more of these actions. While the financial impacts of these state actions are currently unknown, they could be material.

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Missouri class action

On November 5, 2015, a lawsuit was filed against the Company titled Jackson County, Missouri, individually and on behalf of a class of others similarly situated vs. Trinity Industries, Inc. and Trinity Highway Products, LLC, Case No. 1516-CV23684 (Circuit Court of Jackson County, Missouri). The case was ~~being~~ brought by plaintiff for and on behalf of itself and all Missouri counties with a population of 10,000 or more persons, including the City of St. Louis, and the State of Missouri’s transportation authority. The plaintiff alleged that the Company and THP did not disclose design changes to the ET Plus and these allegedly undisclosed design changes made the ET Plus allegedly defective, unsafe, and unreasonably dangerous. The plaintiff alleged product liability negligence, product liability strict liability, and negligently supplying dangerous instrumentality for supplier’s business purposes. The plaintiff sought compensatory damages, interest, attorneys' fees, and costs, and in the alternative plaintiff sought a declaratory judgment that the ET Plus is defective, the Company’s conduct was unlawful, and class-wide costs and expenses associated with removing and replacing the ET Plus throughout Missouri. On December 6, 2017, the Court granted plaintiff's Motion for Class Certification, certifying a class of Missouri counties with populations of 10,000 or more persons, including the City of St. Louis and the State of Missouri's transportation authority that have or had ET Plus guardrail end terminals with 4-inch wide guide channels installed on roadways they own or maintain.

~~The~~As previously reported, the parties reached an agreement to settle all claims in this case without any admission of liability or fault. Defendants have denied and continue to deny specifically each and all of the claims and contentions alleged in this case. The Company’s settlement with the class avoids the uncertainty and expense of continued litigation. ~~On May 30, 2022, the trial court granted preliminary approval of the settlement, and on August 30, 2022, the trial court granted final approval of the settlement.~~ Pursuant to the settlement, the Company will pay for the past replacement of certain ET Plus systems, for locating and replacing certain existing undamaged ET Plus systems, and for attorneys’ fees and costs. In accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies, the Company recorded a pre-tax charge of $23.9 million ($18.3 million, net of income taxes) during the year ended December 31, 2021, which was included in income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes, in our Consolidated Statement of Operations, based on the Company’s assessment that a settlement was probable and the estimated costs to resolve this action. To date, the Company has funded $17.5 million in connection with the settlement and refined certain estimates, resulting in a remaining liability of $7.8 million as of June 30, 2023.

Certain amounts involved in the settlement cannot be precisely determined at this time as the actual number of qualifying ET Plus systems that will be replaced as part of the settlement is not currently known. Consequently, the corresponding liability will be periodically reviewed and adjusted, when appropriate, for a number of factors, including differences between actual and estimated costs. The accrual and related range of reasonably possible loss related to this matter are included in the amounts described below under "Other matters."

Product liability cases

The Company is currently defending product liability lawsuits ~~in several different states~~ that are alleged to involve the ET Plus as well as other products manufactured by THP. These cases are diverse in light of the randomness of collisions in general and the fact that each accident involving a roadside device, such as an end terminal, or any other fixed object along the highway, has its own unique facts and circumstances. The Company carries general liability insurance to mitigate the impact of adverse judgment exposures in these product liability cases. To the extent that the Company believes that a loss is probable with respect to these product liability cases, the accrual for such losses is included in the amounts described below under "Other matters".

Train Derailment

On February 3, 2023, a Norfolk Southern Railway freight train derailed 38 railcars in East Palestine, Ohio. In March 2023, the State of Ohio and the United States Environmental Protection Agency filed lawsuits against Norfolk Southern Railway Company and Norfolk Southern Corporation (“Norfolk Southern”), which were consolidated in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio, Eastern Division in a civil action styled The State of Ohio, ex rel., Dave Yost, Ohio Attorney General, and the United States of America, Plaintiffs v. Norfolk Southern Railway Company and Norfolk Southern Corporation, Defendants, Civil Action No. 4:23-cv-00517. In this action, on June 30, 2023, Norfolk Southern filed a third-party complaint against the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, TILC. TILC was served with this lawsuit on July 17, 2023. Norfolk Southern also named as third-party defendants in this action Oxy Vinyls LP, GATX Corporation, General American Marks Company, SMBC Rail Services LLC, Dow Chemical Incorporated, and Union Tank Car Company. Norfolk Southern asserts third-party claims against TILC for recovery of response costs, contribution, and declaratory relief under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act ("CERCLA"); negligence; and equitable contribution. TILC was the owner of one tank car cited in this action, which was leased to a third party, who is also a third-party defendant in the litigation.

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In April 2023, multiple putative class action lawsuits filed against Norfolk Southern were consolidated in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio, Eastern Division in a civil action styled In re: East Palestine Train Derailment, Civil Action No. 4:23-CV-00242. In this action, on July 25, 2023, Norfolk Southern filed a third-party complaint against the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, TILC. Norfolk Southern also named as third-party defendants in this action Oxy Vinyls LP, GATX Corporation, and General American Marks Company. Norfolk Southern asserts third-party claims against TILC for negligence, joint and several liability, and contribution. TILC was the owner of one tank car cited in this action, which was leased to a third party, who is also a third-party defendant in the litigation.

The Company believes that the third-party claims asserted against TILC in these matters are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against all allegations. The Company or its subsidiaries could be named in similar litigation involving other plaintiffs, but the ultimate number of claims and the jurisdiction(s) in which such claims, if any, may be filed may vary. We do not believe at this time that a loss is probable in either matter, nor can a range of losses be determined. Accordingly, no accrual or range of loss has been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The Company maintains liability insurance coverage to protect the Company’s assets from losses arising from these types of litigation.

Other matters

The Company is involved in claims and lawsuits incidental to our business arising from various matters, including product warranty, personal injury, environmental issues, workplace laws, and various governmental regulations. The Company evaluates its exposure to such claims and suits periodically and establishes accruals for these contingencies when a range of loss can be reasonably estimated. The range of reasonably possible losses for such matters is ~~$37.0~~$25.4 million to ~~$51.2~~$36.9 million, which includes our rights into indemnity and recourse to third parties of approximately ~~$10.1~~$14.3 million, which is recorded in other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022.~~2023. This range includes any amounts related to the Highway Products litigation matters described above in the section titled “Highway products litigation." At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, total accruals of ~~$37.3~~$25.7 million, including environmental and workplace matters described below, are included in accrued liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company believes any additional liability would not be material to its financial position or results of operations.

Trinity is subject to remedial orders and federal, state, local, and foreign laws and regulations relating to the environment and the workplace. The Company has reserved $1.0 million to cover our probable and estimable liabilities with respect to the investigations, assessments, and remedial responses to such matters, taking into account currently available information and our contractual rights to indemnification and recourse to third parties. However, estimates of liability arising from future proceedings, assessments, or remediation are inherently imprecise. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will not become involved in future litigation or other proceedings involving the environment and the workplace or, if we are found to be responsible or liable in any such litigation or proceeding, that such costs would not be material to the Company. We believe that we are currently in substantial compliance with environmental and workplace laws and regulations.

Georgia tornado

On March 26, 2021, a tornado damaged the Company’s rail maintenance facility in Cartersville, Georgia. We incurred costs related to cleanup and damage remediation activities in order for the facility to resume operations in the second quarter of 2021. We believe our insurance coverage is sufficient to cover property damage costs related to the event. To date, we have received total advanced payments from insurance of approximately ~~$25.4~~$28.9 million, which includes $8.1 million for reimbursement of cleanup and damage remediation expenditures. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we have utilized ~~$17.0~~$19.6 million of the advanced payments from insurance towards new capital expenditures in support of the reconstruction efforts.

During the ~~first~~ six months ~~of 2022, we recorded an insurance receivable of approximately $7.3 million for additional property damage recoveries that we expect to be reimbursed under the terms of our insurance policy, and~~ended June 30, 2023, we recorded a ~~corresponding~~ gain ~~net~~of $1.2 million for property damage insurance recoveries received in excess of the ~~applicable deductible,~~net book value of ~~$6.4 million,~~assets destroyed, which is included in the gains on dispositions of other property line in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. ~~We received $4.8 million of reimbursements for property damage recoveries, resulting in a remaining insurance receivable of $2.5 million as of June 30, 2022.~~

During the third quarter of 2022, we recorded an additional insurance receivable of approximately $2.9 million for additional insurance recoveries that we expect to be reimbursed under the terms of our insurance policy, and we recorded a gain of $1.1 million, which is included in the gains on dispositions of other property line in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We received $2.8 million of reimbursements during the third quarter of 2022, resulting in a remaining insurance receivable of $2.6 million as of September 30, 2022.

Any additional property damage insurance proceeds received in excess of the net book value of property lost will be accounted for as gains in future quarters.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to provide management's perspective on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and certain other factors that may affect our future results. Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of our ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

This MD&A includes financial measures compiled in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and certain non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section herein for information on the non-GAAP measures included in the MD&A, reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, and the reasons why management believes each measure is useful to management and investors.

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Forward-Looking Statements

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q (or statements otherwise made by the Company or on the Company’s behalf from time to time in other reports, filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), news releases, conferences, website postings or otherwise) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statements contained herein that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements and involve risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements include expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, future financial performances, estimates, projections, goals, and forecasts. Trinity uses the words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “forecasts,” “may,” “will,” “should,” and similar expressions to identify these forward-looking statements. Potential factors, which could cause our actual results of operations to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, include, among others:

•market conditions and customer demand for our business products and services;

•the cyclical nature of the industries in which we compete;

•variations in weather in areas where our products are ~~sold~~manufactured, delivered, or used;

•naturally-occurring events, pandemics, and/or disasters causing disruption to our manufacturing, product deliveries, and production capacity, thereby giving rise to an increase in expenses, loss of revenue, and property losses;

•the impact of the coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”) and the response thereto, on, among other things, demand for our products and services, our customers' ability to pay, disruptions to our supply chain, our liquidity and financial position, results of operations, stock price, payment of dividends, our ability to generate new railcar orders, our ability to originate and/or renew leases at favorable rates, our ability to convert backlog to revenue, and the operational status of our facilities;

•disruptions in the transportation network used to deliver our products, which may impact our ability to timely deliver railcars to our customers;

•shortages of labor;

•impacts from asset impairments and related charges;

•the timing of introduction of new products;

•the inability to effectively integrate acquired businesses;

•the timing and delivery of customer orders, lease portfolio sales, or a breach of customer contracts;

•the creditworthiness of customers and their access to capital;

•product price changes;

•changes in mix of products sold;

•the costs incurred to align manufacturing capacity with demand and the extent of its utilization;

•the operating leverage and efficiencies that can be achieved by our manufacturing businesses;

•availability and costs of steel, component parts, supplies, and other raw materials;

•competition and other competitive factors;

•changing technologies;

•material failure, interruption of service, compromised data security, phishing emails, or cybersecurity breaches in our information technology (or that of the third-party vendors who provide information technology or other services);

•surcharges and other fees added to fixed pricing agreements for steel, component parts, supplies, and other raw materials;

•inflation, interest rates, and capital costs;

•counter-party risks for financial instruments;

•long-term funding of our operations;

•taxes;

•the stability of the governments and political and business conditions in certain foreign countries, particularly Mexico;

•fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly the Mexican peso;

•geopolitical events, including armed conflicts, and their impact on supply chains, pricing, and the global economy;

•changes in import and export quotas and regulations;

•business conditions in emerging economies;

•costs and results of litigation, including trial and appellate costs;

•changes in accounting standards or inaccurate estimates or assumptions in the application of accounting policies;

•changes in laws and regulations that may have an adverse effect on demand for our products and services, our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows;

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•legal, regulatory, and environmental issues, including compliance of our products with mandated specifications, standards, or testing criteria and obligations to remove and replace our products following installation or to recall our products and install different products;

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•actions by U.S. and/or foreign governments (particularly Mexico and Canada) relative to federal government budgeting, taxation policies, government expenditures, borrowing/debt ceiling limits, tariffs, and trade policies;

•the use of social or digital media to disseminate false, misleading and/or unreliable or inaccurate information; and

•the inability to sufficiently protect our intellectual property rights.

Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made. Except as required by federal securities laws, Trinity undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made. For a discussion of risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements, see “Risk Factors” in our ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, this Form 10-Q and future Forms 10-Q and Current Reports on Forms 8-K.

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Company Overview

Trinity Industries, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Trinity,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” or "us") own businesses that are leading providers of ~~railcar~~rail transportation products and services in North America. ~~Our rail-related businesses~~We market ~~their~~our railcar products and services under the trade name TrinityRail®. The TrinityRail platform provides railcar leasing and management ~~services,~~services; railcar manufacturing, ~~and railcar~~ maintenance and ~~modification~~modifications; and other railcar logistics products and services.

We concluded that the sale of THP represented a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. Accordingly, we have presented the operating results and cash flows of THP as discontinued operations for all periods in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Results of prior periods have been recast to reflect these changes and present results on a comparable basis. In connection with the sale of THP, we agreed to indemnify Rush Hour for certain liabilities related to the ET-Plus® System, a highway guardrail end-terminal system (the “ET Plus”). Consequently, results from discontinued operations include certain legal expenses that were directly attributable to the highway products business, which were previously reported in continuing operations. Similar expenses incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and that may be incurred in the future related to these retained obligations will likewise be reported in discontinued operations. See Note 2 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information related to the sale of THP and Note 14 for information regarding the retained liabilities.

~~Following the sale of THP, we~~ report our operating results in two reportable segments: (1) the Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group (the "Leasing Group"), which owns and operates a fleet of railcars and provides third-party fleet leasing, management, and administrative services, as well as other railcar logistics products and services; and (2) the Rail Products Group, which manufactures and sells railcars and related parts and components, and provides railcar maintenance and modification services. ~~Additionally,~~

In the fourth quarter of 2021, we ~~have combined~~completed the ~~results~~sale of Trinity Highway Products, LLC (“THP”) to Rush Hour Intermediate II, LLC ("Rush Hour"), an entity owned by an affiliated investment fund of Monomoy Capital Partners. Upon completion of the ~~prior Corporate~~sale, the accounting requirements for reporting THP as a discontinued operation were met. In connection with the sale of THP, we agreed to indemnify Rush Hour for certain liabilities related to the ET-Plus® System, a highway guardrail end-terminal system (the “ET Plus”). Consequently, expenses incurred during the three and ~~All Other groupings into a single Corporate~~six months ended June 30, 2023 and ~~other grouping. The remaining activity previously~~2022, and that may be incurred in the future related to these retained obligations, will be reported in ~~All Other primarily includes legal, environmental,~~discontinued operations. See Note 2 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information related to the sale of THP and ~~maintenance costs associated with non-operating facilities. Results~~Note 14 of ~~prior periods have been recast to reflect these changes and present results on a comparable basis.~~the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding the retained liabilities.

Executive Summary

Recent Market Developments

Cyclical, Seasonal and Other Trends Impacting Our Business

~~The~~Although lease rates and lease fleet utilization continue to improve, the industries in which our customers operate are cyclical in nature. Weaknesses in certain sectors of the North American and global economy may make it more difficult to sell or lease certain types of railcars. Additionally, changes in certain commodity prices, ~~including fluctuations in the crude oil market,~~ or changes in demand for certain commodities, could impact customer demand for various types of railcars. Further, disruptions in the global supply chain have impacted demand for, and the costs of, certain of our products and services.

We continuously assess demand for our products and services and take steps to rationalize and diversify our leased railcar portfolio and align our operating capacity appropriately. We ~~diligently~~ evaluate the creditworthiness of our customers and monitor performance of relevant market sectors; however, weaknesses in any of these market sectors could affect the financial viability of our underlying Leasing Group customers, which could negatively impact our recurring leasing revenues and operating profits.

~~Railcar loading volumes, levels of railcars in storage, and orders for new railcar equipment have improved, and railcar lease rates and utilization~~ We continue to ~~improve. We~~ believe that our rail platform is ~~designed~~able to respond to cyclical changes in demand and perform throughout the railcar cycle.

~~Steel~~We are exposed to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations in our Mexico operations resulting from certain expenditures that are denominated in the Mexican peso. We have entered into hedging transactions to mitigate the foreign currency impact of a portion of our peso-denominated expenditures; however, in recent months, the magnitude of the peso's strengthening relative to the United States dollar has unfavorably impacted the operating results in our Rail Products Group. Additionally, steel prices, ~~and labor costs have increased significantly since~~which are subject to volatility, were elevated over much of the ~~fourth quarter of 2020~~last two years and are a major ~~components~~component of our cost of revenues. We typically use contract-specific purchasing practices, existing supplier commitments, contractual price escalation provisions, and other arrangements with our customers to reduce the impact of plate and coil steel price volatility on our operating profit. ~~However, higher steel prices have resulted~~Further, the cost and volume of lease fleet maintenance and compliance events increased in ~~increases~~2022, and we expect elevated levels of these activities to continue in the ~~cost of certain railcar components and could reduce demand for new railcars. Additionally,~~near term. Finally, although we remain committed to attracting and retaining a highly skilled and diverse workforce, challenging labor ~~shortages, high turnover,~~market conditions and increases in labor costs have negatively impacted our operations. We continue to monitor the impact of potential margin and operating profit headwinds resulting from these factors.

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As a result of disruptions in the global supply chain, we have continued to experience shortages of materials used to manufacture or repair certain railcar types, as well as disruptions in the transportation network used to deliver our products, which have impacted our ability to timely deliver these railcars to our customers. While we believe these challenges will be resolved over time, they may persist over the foreseeable future, which could continue to impact our operations. We will continue to monitor the situation and take appropriate steps within our control to mitigate the potential impacts on our production schedules and delivery timelines.

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Due to their transactional nature, lease portfolio sales are the primary driver of fluctuations in results in the Leasing Group.

~~COVID-19~~

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted global and North American economic conditions. The social and economic effects of the pandemic have been widespread. We continue to monitor the operational and financial impacts of the pandemic and other economic factors. Although we have not experienced significant interruptions to our daily operations or a material impact to our operating costs, the ongoing economic pressures related to the effects of the pandemic have negatively impacted our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. While we continue to see gradual reduction of the impacts of the pandemic, we are monitoring the impacts of COVID-19 variants on the economy and our workforce.

Please refer to the "Forward-Looking Statements" section above and Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of the 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the potential impacts of COVID-19 on our business.

Financial and Operational Highlights

•Our revenues for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 were ~~$1,386.1~~$1,364.1 million, representing an increase of ~~32.8%~~53.4%, compared to the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2021.~~2022. Our operating profit for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 was ~~$220.5~~$168.1 million compared to ~~$187.6~~$127.8 million for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2021.~~2022.

•The Leasing Group's lease fleet of ~~109,195~~109,060 company-owned railcars was 97.9% utilized as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, compared to a lease fleet utilization of ~~95.0%~~97.2% on ~~105,915~~110,560 company-owned railcars as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2021.~~2022. Our company-owned lease fleet includes wholly-owned railcars, partially-owned railcars, and railcars under leased-in arrangements.

•For the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we made a net investment in our lease fleet of approximately ~~$176.3~~$214.0 million, which primarily includes new railcar additions, sustainable railcar conversions, railcar modifications, and other betterments, net of deferred profit, and secondary market purchases; and is net of proceeds from lease portfolio sales.

•The total value of the new railcar backlog at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 was ~~$4.1~~$3.6 billion, compared to ~~$1.2~~$2.2 billion at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2021.~~2022. The Rail Products Group received orders for ~~28,890~~7,460 railcars and delivered ~~8,915~~9,030 railcars in the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, in comparison to orders for ~~8,510~~9,390 railcars and deliveries of ~~6,070~~4,980 railcars in the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2021.~~

◦In the third quarter of 2022, we entered into a new long-term railcar supply agreement with GATX Corporation (“GATX”) to deliver a mix of 15,000 newly built tank and freight railcars over a six-year period. Our ending backlog at September 30, 2022 includes 15,000 railcars valued at approximately $1.8 billion associated with this agreement.2022.

•~~The Rail Products Group offers a sustainable railcar conversion program whereby certain tank cars and freight cars are converted or upgraded to better meet changing market demands.~~ During the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, sustainable railcar conversion revenues totaled ~~$117.9~~$60.3 million, representing ~~1,230~~635 railcars.

•For the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2023, we generated operating cash flows from continuing operations and Adjusted Free Cash Flow After Investments and Dividends ("Adjusted Free Cash Flow") of $140.3 million and $80.8 million(1), respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, operating cash flows from continuing operations was a net use of ~~$52.6~~$61.3 million and Adjusted Free Cash Flow ~~After Investments and Dividends ("Free Cash Flow")~~ was ~~$0.1~~$42.5 million(1)~~, in comparison to generating operating cash flows from continuing operations and Free Cash Flow of $418.8 million and $510.9 million(1), respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.~~.

(1) Non-GAAP financial measure. See the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section within this Form 10-Q for a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP measure and why management believes this measure is useful to management and investors.

See "Consolidated Results of Operations" and "Segment Discussion" below for additional information regarding our operating results.

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Returns of Capital to Shareholders

Returns of capital to shareholders in the form of dividends and share repurchases are summarized below:

(1) Dividend yield is calculated as dividends paid for the four previous quarters divided by the closing stock price on the last trading day of each respective quarter.

(2) In the ~~third quarter of 2021, we completed the existing share repurchase program, and our Board of Directors authorized a new $250.0 million share repurchase program.~~

~~(3)~~ In the fourth quarter of 2021, we entered into an additional stock repurchase agreement with ValueAct Capital Master Fund, L.P. ("ValueAct") in a privately negotiated transaction. Additionally, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (the "ASR") to repurchase $125.0 million of our common stock. See Note 12 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the ASR.

~~(4)~~ ~~There were no shares repurchased during the first quarter of 2022 due to the ongoing ASR.~~

~~(5)~~ ~~In the~~ second quarter of 2022, we completed the final settlement of an accelerated share repurchase agreement ("ASR").

(3) In the ~~ASR. See Note 12~~fourth quarter of 2022, our Board of Directors terminated the ~~Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the ASR.~~existing share repurchase program and authorized a new $250.0 million share repurchase program.

Capital Structure Updates

~~TRL-2022~~TRL-2023 Term Loan – In ~~April 2022,~~June 2023, Trinity Rail Leasing ~~2022~~2023 LLC ~~a Delaware limited liability company ("TRL-2022"~~(“TRL-2023”) ~~and~~, a limited purpose, indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company owned through Trinity Industries Leasing Company ("TILC"), ~~issued $244.8~~entered into a $340.0 million ~~of its Series 2022-1 Green Secured Railcar Equipment Notes. These notes bear~~term loan agreement ("TRL-2023 term loan"). The TRL-2023 term loan bears interest at a ~~fixed~~variable rate of ~~4.55%, are payable monthly,~~daily simple Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus (1) a benchmark adjustment of 10 basis points and ~~have~~(2) a facility margin of 1.80%. The TRL-2023 term loan has a stated ~~final~~ maturity date of ~~2052.~~June 2028. Net proceeds received from the transaction were used to repay borrowings under TILC's warehouse loan facility and for general corporate purposes.

~~Tribute Rail~~Senior Notes Due 2028 – In ~~May 2022, Tribute Rail LLC~~June 2023, we issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 7.75% senior notes due July 2028 ("~~Tribute Rail"~~Senior Notes due 2028"), an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of TRIP Rail Holdings LLC ("TRIP Holdings"), issued $327.0 million of its Series 2022-1 Green Secured Railcar Equipment Notes. These notes bear interest at an all-in interest rate of 4.88% and have a stated final maturity date of 2052.. Interest on the Senior Notes due 2028 is payable semiannually commencing January 15, 2024. Net proceeds received from the issuance ~~of these notes~~ were used to ~~redeem TRIP Railcar Co. LLC's ("TRIP Railcar Co.") existing term loan agreement, of which $319.4 million was~~repay outstanding atborrowings under our revolving credit facility and to pay related fees, costs, premiums, and expenses in connection with the ~~redemption date.~~

~~While~~issuance. We intend to use the stated final maturity date of these debt issuances is in 2052, the cash flows from the encumbered assets of each of TRL-2022 and Tribute Rail will be applied, pursuant to the payment priorities of their respective indentures, so as to amortize their respective notes to achieve monthly targeted principal balances. If the cash flow assumptions used in determining the targeted balances are met, it is anticipated that the notes will be repaid well in advance of their stated final maturity date. There can be no assurance, however, that such cash flow assumptions will be realized. See Note 8remainder of the ~~Consolidated Financial Statements~~net proceeds for ~~more information.~~general corporate purposes, which may include repayment of other debt, including our 4.55% senior notes due 2024 ("Senior Notes due 2024").

Litigation Updates

See Note 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for an update on the status of certain ~~litigation retained in connection with the sale of THP.~~litigation.

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Consolidated Results of Operations

The following table summarizes our consolidated results of operations for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:


		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021			2023		2022		2023		2022
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Revenues	Revenues	$	496.6	$	419.8	$	1,386.1	$	1,043.8	Revenues	$	722.4	$	416.8	$	1,364.1	$	889.5
Cost of revenues	Cost of revenues	395.3		337.4		1,119.4		785.8		Cost of revenues	601.2		325.6		1,139.7		724.1
Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	48.0		45.8		137.7		136.7		Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	54.3		45.0		104.2		89.7
Gains on dispositions of property	Gains on dispositions of property	39.4		41.6		92.5		65.2		Gains on dispositions of property	30.4		27.8		45.7		53.1

Restructuring activities, net	Restructuring activities, net	—		(0.1)		1.0		(1.1)		Restructuring activities, net	(1.8)		1.0		(2.2)		1.0
Total operating profit	Total operating profit	92.7		78.3		220.5		187.6		Total operating profit	99.1		73.0		168.1		127.8
Interest expense, net	Interest expense, net	55.0		45.2		148.2		147.5		Interest expense, net	66.9		49.7		129.0		93.2
Loss on extinguishment of debt	Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		1.5		11.7		Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		1.5		—		1.5
Other, net	Other, net	(0.6)		(0.7)		(2.7)		1.3		Other, net	1.3		(0.5)		2.9		(2.1)
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	Income from continuing operations before income taxes	38.3		33.8		73.5		27.1		Income from continuing operations before income taxes	30.9		22.3		36.2		35.2
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	Provision (benefit) for income taxes	8.6		8.3		17.4		9.4		Provision (benefit) for income taxes	7.4		5.8		(4.1)		8.8
Income from continuing operations	Income from continuing operations	$	29.7	$	25.5	$	56.1	$	17.7	Income from continuing operations	$	23.5	$	16.5	$	40.3	$	26.4

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Revenues

The tables below present revenues by segment for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:


		Three Months Ended September 30, 2022									Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
		Revenues						Percent			Revenues						Percent
		External		Intersegment		Total		Change			External		Intersegment		Total		Change
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	194.6	$	0.2	$	194.8	5.0	%	Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	223.0	$	0.2	$	223.2	14.3	%
Rail Products Group	Rail Products Group	302.0		295.3		597.3		75.7	%	Rail Products Group	499.4		209.6		709.0		64.7	%

Segment Totals	Segment Totals	496.6		295.5		792.1		50.8	%	Segment Totals	722.4		209.8		932.2		48.9	%
Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	—		(295.3)		(295.3)				Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	—		(209.6)		(209.6)
Eliminations – Other	Eliminations – Other	—		(0.2)		(0.2)				Eliminations – Other	—		(0.2)		(0.2)
Consolidated Total	Consolidated Total	$	496.6	$	—	$	496.6	18.3	%	Consolidated Total	$	722.4	$	—	$	722.4	73.3	%

		Three Months Ended September 30, 2021									Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
		Revenues									Revenues
		External		Intersegment		Total					External		Intersegment		Total
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	185.3	$	0.2	$	185.5			Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	195.1	$	0.2	$	195.3
Rail Products Group	Rail Products Group	234.5		105.4		339.9				Rail Products Group	221.7		208.9		430.6

Segment Totals	Segment Totals	419.8		105.6		525.4				Segment Totals	416.8		209.1		625.9
Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	—		(105.3)		(105.3)				Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	—		(208.9)		(208.9)
Eliminations – Other	Eliminations – Other	—		(0.3)		(0.3)				Eliminations – Other	—		(0.2)		(0.2)
Consolidated Total	Consolidated Total	$	419.8	$	—	$	419.8			Consolidated Total	$	416.8	$	—	$	416.8

		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022									Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
		Revenues						Percent			Revenues						Percent
		External		Intersegment		Total		Change			External		Intersegment		Total		Change
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	572.6	$	0.6	$	573.2	3.4	%	Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	426.3	$	0.4	$	426.7	12.8	%
Rail Products Group	Rail Products Group	813.5		605.5		1,419.0		64.5	%	Rail Products Group	937.8		409.0		1,346.8		63.9	%

Segment Totals	Segment Totals	1,386.1		606.1		1,992.2		40.6	%	Segment Totals	1,364.1		409.4		1,773.5		47.8	%
Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	—		(605.5)		(605.5)				Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	—		(409.0)		(409.0)
Eliminations – Other	Eliminations – Other	—		(0.6)		(0.6)				Eliminations – Other	—		(0.4)		(0.4)
Consolidated Total	Consolidated Total	$	1,386.1	$	—	$	1,386.1	32.8	%	Consolidated Total	$	1,364.1	$	—	$	1,364.1	53.4	%

		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021									Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
		Revenues									Revenues
		External		Intersegment		Total					External		Intersegment		Total
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	553.6	$	0.5	$	554.1			Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	378.0	$	0.4	$	378.4
Rail Products Group	Rail Products Group	490.2		372.5		862.7				Rail Products Group	511.5		310.2		821.7

Segment Totals	Segment Totals	1,043.8		373.0		1,416.8				Segment Totals	889.5		310.6		1,200.1
Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	—		(367.6)		(367.6)				Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	—		(310.2)		(310.2)
Eliminations – Other	Eliminations – Other	—		(5.4)		(5.4)				Eliminations – Other	—		(0.4)		(0.4)
Consolidated Total	Consolidated Total	$	1,043.8	$	—	$	1,043.8			Consolidated Total	$	889.5	$	—	$	889.5

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Operating Costs

Operating costs are comprised of cost of revenues; selling, engineering, and administrative costs; gains or losses on property disposals; and restructuring activities. Operating costs by segment for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021			2023		2022		2023		2022
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group(1)	Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group(1)	$	86.9	$	76.2	$	280.0	$	285.4	Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group(1)	$	104.7	$	89.8	$	222.7	$	193.1
Rail Products Group	Rail Products Group	571.3		343.0		1,378.5		871.4		Rail Products Group	685.3		416.9		1,297.8		807.2
Segment Totals	Segment Totals	658.2		419.2		1,658.5		1,156.8		Segment Totals	790.0		506.7		1,520.5		1,000.3
Corporate and other	Corporate and other	21.4		23.1		62.2		63.1		Corporate and other	31.6		25.1		57.6		40.8

Restructuring activities, net	Restructuring activities, net	—		(0.1)		1.0		(1.1)		Restructuring activities, net	(1.8)		1.0		(2.2)		1.0
Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	(275.7)		(100.8)		(556.8)		(358.3)		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	(196.5)		(188.6)		(379.1)		(281.1)
Eliminations – Other	Eliminations – Other	—		0.1		0.7		(4.3)		Eliminations – Other	—		(0.4)		(0.8)		0.7
Consolidated Total	Consolidated Total	$	403.9	$	341.5	$	1,165.6	$	856.2	Consolidated Total	$	623.3	$	343.8	$	1,196.0	$	761.7

(1)Includes gains on lease portfolio sales of $29.8 million and $26.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Includes gains on lease portfolio sales of $43.3 million and $38.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Operating Profit

Operating profit by segment for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 was as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021			2023		2022		2023		2022
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	107.9	$	109.3	$	293.2	$	268.7	Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	118.5	$	105.5	$	204.0	$	185.3
Rail Products Group	Rail Products Group	26.0		(3.1)		40.5		(8.7)		Rail Products Group	23.7		13.7		49.0		14.5

Segment Totals	Segment Totals	133.9		106.2		333.7		260.0		Segment Totals	142.2		119.2		253.0		199.8
Corporate and other	Corporate and other	(21.4)		(23.1)		(62.2)		(63.1)		Corporate and other	(31.6)		(25.1)		(57.6)		(40.8)

Restructuring activities, net	Restructuring activities, net	—		0.1		(1.0)		1.1		Restructuring activities, net	1.8		(1.0)		2.2		(1.0)
Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	(19.6)		(4.5)		(48.7)		(9.3)		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	(13.1)		(20.3)		(29.9)		(29.1)
Eliminations – Other	Eliminations – Other	(0.2)		(0.4)		(1.3)		(1.1)		Eliminations – Other	(0.2)		0.2		0.4		(1.1)
Consolidated Total	Consolidated Total	$	92.7	$	78.3	$	220.5	$	187.6	Consolidated Total	$	99.1	$	73.0	$	168.1	$	127.8

Discussion of Consolidated Results

Revenues – Our revenues for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 were ~~$496.6~~$722.4 million, representing an increase of ~~$76.8~~$305.6 million, or ~~18.3%~~73.3%, over the prior year period. Our revenues for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 were ~~$1,386.1~~$1,364.1 million, representing an increase of ~~$342.3~~$474.6 million, or ~~32.8%~~53.4%, over the prior year period. The increases in revenues were primarily due to a higher volume of ~~and improved pricing on,~~ external deliveries in the Rail Products Group and improved lease rates, higher utilization, and the impact of the acquisition of RSI Logistics ("RSI") in the Leasing Group.

Cost of revenues – Our cost of revenues for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 was ~~$395.3~~$601.2 million, representing an increase of ~~$57.9~~$275.6 million, or ~~17.2%~~84.6%, over the prior year period. Our cost of revenues for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 was ~~$1,119.4~~$1,139.7 million, representing an increase of ~~$333.6~~$415.6 million, or ~~42.5%~~57.4%, over the prior year period. The increases in cost of revenues were primarily due to a higher volume of ~~and input cost inflation associated with,~~ external deliveries, the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, and operational and labor-related inefficiencies in the Rail Products Group.

Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses – Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses ~~were substantially unchanged~~ for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 were $54.3 million, representing an increase of $9.3 million, or 20.7%, when compared to the prior year ~~periods.~~period. Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2023 were $104.2 million, representing an increase of $14.5 million, or 16.2%, when compared to the prior year period. These increases were primarily due to higher employee-related costs.

Table of Contents

Gains on dispositions of property– Gains on dispositions of property increased by $2.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 when compared to the prior year period primarily due to higher profits on lease portfolio sales. Gains on dispositions of property decreased by ~~$2.2~~$7.4 million for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 when compared to the prior year period primarily due to higher gains associated with the disposition of certain non-operating facilities and insurance recoveries in the prior year period, partially offset by higher profits on lease portfolio sales in the current year period. ~~During~~Results for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2023 and 2022 ~~and 2021, we recorded~~included gains of ~~$1.1~~$1.2 million and ~~$4.7~~$6.4 million, respectively, related to insurance recoveries in excess of net book value for assets damaged by a tornado at the Company’s rail maintenance facility in Cartersville, Georgia in the first quarter of 2021. See Note 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

~~Table of Contents~~

Gains on dispositions of property increased by $27.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 when compared to the prior year period primarily due to higher lease portfolio sales. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 included gains of $7.5 million and $4.7 million, respectively, related to insurance recoveries in excess of net book value for assets damaged by a tornado at the Company’s rail maintenance facility in Cartersville, Georgia in the first quarter of 2021. See Note 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

Operating profit – Operating profit for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 totaled ~~$92.7~~$99.1 million, representing an increase of ~~$14.4~~$26.1 million, or ~~18.4%~~35.8%, from the prior year ~~period primarily due to higher deliveries and improved pricing in the Rail Products Group, partially offset by higher fleet operating costs and increased depreciation in the Leasing Group.~~

period. Operating profit for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 totaled ~~$220.5~~$168.1 million, representing an increase of ~~$32.9~~$40.3 million, or ~~17.5%~~31.5%, from the prior year ~~period~~period. These increases were primarily due to a higher ~~lease portfolio sales activity, partially offset by higher costs associated with~~volume of external deliveries in the Rail Products Group ~~including the impact of deliveries of orders taken at the bottom of the cycle, as well as~~and improved lease rates and higher ~~fleet operating costs and increased depreciation~~utilization in the Leasing ~~Group.~~Group, partially offset by higher employee-related and other operating costs across the enterprise. Operating profit for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was favorably impacted ~~in the current and prior year periods~~ by insurance recoveries related to a tornado at the Company’s rail maintenance facility in Cartersville, Georgia in the first quarter of 2021.

For further information regarding the operating results of individual segments, see "Segment Discussion" below.

Interest expense, net – Interest expense, net for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 totaled ~~$55.0~~$66.9 million, compared to ~~$45.2~~$49.7 million for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2021,~~2022. Interest expense, net for the six months ended June 30, 2023 totaled $129.0 million, compared to $93.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. These increases were primarily driven by higher variable interest rates associated with TILC's warehouse loan facility and ~~higher overall average debt.~~

~~Interest expense, net for~~ the nine months ended September 30, 2022 totaled $148.2 million, compared to $147.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily driven by higher variable interest rates associated with TILC's warehouse loanrevolving credit facility and higher overall average debt in ~~2022, partially offset by lower overall borrowing costs associated with the Company's debt facilities resulting from debt refinancing activity during the second quarter of 2021.~~

~~Loss on extinguishment of debt~~ – Loss on extinguishment of debt for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $1.5 million from the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the repayment of TRIP Railcar Co.'s outstanding term loan agreement. Loss on extinguishment of debt for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $11.7 million from the refinancing of our partially-owned subsidiaries' debt, which included the write-off of $8.4 million in unamortized debt issuance costs and a $3.3 million early redemption premium. There was no loss on extinguishment of debt for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.2023.

Income taxes – The effective tax rate from continuing operations for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 was ~~22.5% and 23.7%~~an expense of 23.9%, ~~respectively,~~ which differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to state income taxes, foreign income taxes, non-deductible executive compensation, excess tax benefits associated with equity-based compensation, and taxes not recorded on our non-controlling interests in partially-owned ~~subsidiaries, and a reduction of our uncertain~~subsidiaries.

The effective tax ~~positions balance due to a lapse of a state statute of limitations.~~

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Segment Discussion

Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group


		Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,									Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022			2021			Percent		2022			2021			Percent			2023			2022			Percent		2023			2022			Percent
		($ in millions)						Change		($ in millions)						Change			($ in millions)						Change		($ in millions)						Change
Revenues:	Revenues:																	Revenues:
Leasing and management	Leasing and management	$	194.8		$	185.5		5.0	%	$	573.2		$	554.1		3.4	%	Leasing and management	$	223.2		$	195.3		14.3	%	$	426.7		$	378.4		12.8	%

Operating profit (1):	Operating profit (1):																	Operating profit (1):
Leasing and management	Leasing and management	$	73.6		$	76.4		(3.7)	%	$	220.2		$	223.0		(1.3)	%	Leasing and management	$	88.7		$	78.6		12.8	%	$	160.7		$	146.6		9.6	%
Lease portfolio sales (2)	Lease portfolio sales (2)	34.3			32.9			*		73.0			45.7			*		Lease portfolio sales (2)	29.8			26.9			*		43.3			38.7			*
Total operating profit	Total operating profit	$	107.9		$	109.3		(1.3)	%	$	293.2		$	268.7		9.1	%	Total operating profit	$	118.5		$	105.5		12.3	%	$	204.0		$	185.3		10.1	%
Total operating profit margin	Total operating profit margin	55.4		%	58.9		%			51.2		%	48.5		%			Total operating profit margin	53.1		%	54.0		%			47.8		%	49.0		%

Leasing and management operating profit margin	Leasing and management operating profit margin	37.8		%	41.2		%			38.4		%	40.2		%			Leasing and management operating profit margin	39.7		%	40.2		%			37.7		%	38.7		%

Selected expense information:	Selected expense information:																	Selected expense information:
Depreciation (3)		$	59.1		$	58.7		0.7	%	$	175.7		$	170.5		3.0	%
Depreciation and amortization (3)																		Depreciation and amortization (3)	$	61.1		$	59.4		2.9	%	$	123.5		$	116.6		5.9	%
Maintenance and compliance	Maintenance and compliance	$	28.2		$	22.8		23.7	%	$	84.7		$	73.7		14.9	%	Maintenance and compliance	$	35.0		$	27.3		28.2	%	$	70.8		$	56.5		25.3	%
Rent and ad valorem taxes	Rent and ad valorem taxes	$	5.2		$	5.0		4.0	%	$	15.5		$	14.3		8.4	%	Rent and ad valorem taxes	$	4.2		$	5.3		(20.8)	%	$	8.5		$	10.3		(17.5)	%
Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	$	14.2		$	11.6		22.4	%	$	39.6		$	36.1		9.7	%	Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	$	14.0		$	12.6		11.1	%	$	29.7		$	25.4		16.9	%
Interest (4)	Interest (4)	$	49.2		$	39.9		23.3	%	$	133.9		$	142.6		(6.1)	%	Interest (4)	$	57.0		$	46.0		23.9	%	$	111.8		$	84.7		32.0	%

* Not meaningful

(1) Operating profit includes: depreciation; fleet operating costs, which include maintenance, compliance, freight, and storage; rent and ad valorem taxes; and selling, engineering, and administrative expenses. Amortization of deferred profit on railcars sold from the Rail Products Group to the Leasing Group is included in the operating profits of the Leasing Group, resulting in the recognition of depreciation expense based on our original manufacturing cost of the railcars. Interest expense is not a component of operating profit and includes the effect of hedges.

(2) Includes $1.3 million selling profit associated with sales-type leases for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2022.

Information related to lease portfolio sales is as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022			2021			2022			2021				2023			2022			2023			2022
		($ in millions)													($ in millions)
Lease portfolio sales	Lease portfolio sales	$	299.6		$	322.1		$	514.8		$	410.9		Lease portfolio sales	$	129.0		$	144.1		$	185.7		$	215.2
Operating profit on lease portfolio sales (1)	Operating profit on lease portfolio sales (1)	$	34.3		$	32.9		$	71.7		$	45.7		Operating profit on lease portfolio sales (1)	$	29.8		$	26.9		$	43.3		$	37.4
Operating profit margin on lease portfolio sales	Operating profit margin on lease portfolio sales	11.4		%	10.2		%	13.9		%	11.1		%	Operating profit margin on lease portfolio sales	23.1		%	18.7		%	23.3		%	17.4		%

(1) Excludes $1.3 million selling profit associated with sales-type leases for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2022.

Total revenues for the Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group increased by ~~5.0%~~14.3% and ~~3.4%~~12.8% for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. Leasing and management revenues for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 were favorably impacted primarily by improved lease rates and higher utilization, ~~improved renewal rates, and the effect of net lease fleet investment activities,~~ which resulted in higher revenues when compared to the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2021.~~2022. Revenues for the Leasing Group were also favorably impacted for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 by the acquisition of RSI.

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Operating profit for the Leasing Group decreased by 1.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and increased by 9.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the prior year periods. Operating profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was favorably impacted by higher lease portfolio sale activity. Leasing and management operating profit for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022 decreased~~2023 increased by ~~3.7%~~12.8% and ~~1.3%~~9.6%, respectively, compared to the prior year periods primarily due to improved lease rates and higher ~~fleet operating~~utilization, partially offset by higher maintenance costs and increased depreciation ~~partially offset~~and selling, engineering, and administrative expenses. Leasing Group operating profit increased by 12.3% and 10.1% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the prior year periods and was favorably impacted by higher ~~utilization on a larger~~profit from lease ~~fleet.~~portfolio sales.

The Leasing Group generally uses its non-recourse warehouse loan facility or cash to provide initial funding for a portion of the purchase price of the railcars. After initial funding, the Leasing Group may obtain long-term financing for the railcars in the lease fleet through non-recourse asset-backed securities; long-term non-recourse operating leases pursuant to sale-leaseback transactions; long-term recourse debt such as equipment trust certificates; long-term non-recourse promissory notes; or third-party equity.

Information regarding the Leasing Group’s lease fleet is as follows:


		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021			June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Number of railcars:	Number of railcars:					Number of railcars:
Wholly-owned (1)	Wholly-owned (1)	85,280		81,395		Wholly-owned (1)	85,390		86,630
Partially-owned	Partially-owned	23,915		24,520		Partially-owned	23,670		23,930
		109,195		105,915			109,060		110,560
Investor-owned	Investor-owned	33,245		30,060		Investor-owned	33,205		30,115
		142,440		135,975			142,265		140,675
Company-owned railcars (2):	Company-owned railcars (2):					Company-owned railcars (2):
Average age in years	Average age in years	12.1		10.9		Average age in years	12.6		11.9
Average remaining lease term in years	Average remaining lease term in years	3.0		2.9		Average remaining lease term in years	3.1		2.9
Fleet utilization	Fleet utilization	97.9	%	95.0	%	Fleet utilization	97.9	%	97.2	%

(1) Includes ~~2,805~~2,490 railcars and ~~2,280~~2,845 railcars under leased-in arrangements as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

(2) Includes wholly-owned railcars, partially-owned railcars, and railcars under leased-in arrangements.

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Rail Products Group


		Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,									Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022			2021			Percent		2022			2021			Percent			2023			2022			Percent		2023			2022			Percent
		($ in millions)						Change		($ in millions)						Change			($ in millions)						Change		($ in millions)						Change
Revenues:	Revenues:																	Revenues:
Rail products (1)	Rail products (1)	$	531.1		$	297.6		78.5	%	$	1,228.5		$	709.2		73.2	%	Rail products (1)	$	626.0		$	359.0		74.4	%	$	1,184.4		$	697.4		69.8	%
Maintenance services	Maintenance services	51.9			33.3			55.9	%	151.9			124.4			22.1	%	Maintenance services	59.5			57.0			4.4	%	114.8			100.0			14.8	%
Other	Other	14.3			9.0			58.9	%	38.6			29.1			32.6	%	Other	23.5			14.6			61.0	%	47.6			24.3			95.9	%
Total revenues	Total revenues	$	597.3		$	339.9		75.7	%	$	1,419.0		$	862.7		64.5	%	Total revenues	$	709.0		$	430.6		64.7	%	$	1,346.8		$	821.7		63.9	%

Operating costs:	Operating costs:																	Operating costs:
Cost of revenues	Cost of revenues	563.5			339.5			66.0	%	1,360.3			850.7			59.9	%	Cost of revenues	676.4			409.8			65.1	%	1,281.8			796.8			60.9	%
Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	8.7			8.3			4.8	%	25.4			25.4			—	%	Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	8.7			7.0			24.3	%	16.9			16.7			1.2	%
Gains on dispositions of property		(0.9)			(4.8)			*		(7.2)			(4.7)			*
Operating profit (loss)		$	26.0		$	(3.1)		*		$	40.5		$	(8.7)		*
Operating profit (loss) margin		4.4		%	(0.9)		%			2.9		%	(1.0)		%
(Gains) losses on dispositions of property																		(Gains) losses on dispositions of property	0.2			0.1			*		(0.9)			(6.3)			*
Operating profit																		Operating profit	$	23.7		$	13.7		*		$	49.0		$	14.5		*
Operating profit margin																		Operating profit margin	3.3		%	3.2		%			3.6		%	1.8		%

* Not meaningful

(1) Includes sustainable railcar conversion revenues of ~~$28.9~~$6.4 million, representing ~~300~~45 railcars, for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2023 and sustainable railcar conversion revenues of $60.3 million, representing 635 railcars, for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Includes sustainable railcar conversion revenues of $39.2 million, representing 485 railcars, for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and sustainable railcar conversion revenues of ~~$117.9~~$89.0 million, representing ~~1,230~~930 railcars, for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2022. Includes sustainable railcar conversion revenues of $26.0 million, representing 242 railcars for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and sustainable railcar conversion revenues of $38.8 million, representing 361 railcars for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Revenues for the Rail Products Group increased for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 by ~~75.7%~~64.7% and ~~64.5%~~63.9%, respectively, when compared to the prior year periods. Revenues in our rail products business increased as a result of higher deliveries, ~~favorable pricing, and price escalation provisions contained in our customer contracts, and revenues~~partially offset by the mix of railcars sold. Revenues in our maintenance services business increased as a result of a higher volumes and favorable pricing, partially offset by the mix of ~~HM-251 modifications relative to~~repairs. Revenues in other ~~maintenance services revenues.~~were driven by the growth of our parts business as a result of the acquisition of Holden America.

Cost of revenues for the Rail Products Group increased for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 by ~~66.0%~~65.1% and ~~59.9%~~60.9%, respectively, when compared to the prior year periods. In our rail products business, the increase in cost of revenues was driven by higher deliveries, ~~and input cost inflation, as well as~~the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, operational inefficiencies associated with production line changeovers and supply chain ~~disruptions.~~disruptions, and labor inefficiencies associated with onboarding of new employees. In our maintenance services business, cost of revenues increased as a result of a higher volume of ~~HM-251 modifications. Cost~~general repairs and the mix of ~~revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were further impacted by the introduction of additional products into the production line in our rail products business~~repairs and ~~continued~~continues to be ~~negatively~~ impacted by labor shortages leading to operating ~~inefficiencies in our maintenance services business.~~inefficiencies.

Operating profit for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 was favorably impacted by higher deliveries, ~~and improved pricing,~~ partially offset by ~~disruptions in~~ the ~~transportation network used to deliver our products. Operating profit for~~mix of railcars sold, the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2022 was unfavorably impacted by deliveries~~impact of ~~orders taken at the bottom of the cycle.~~foreign currency fluctuations, and operational and labor inefficiencies. Additionally, during the ~~three and nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, operating profit was favorably impacted by gains of $1.2 million and $6.4 million, respectively, related to insurance recoveries ~~related to~~in excess of net book value for assets damaged by a tornado at the Company’s rail maintenance facility in Cartersville, Georgia in the first quarter of 2021.

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Information related to our Rail Products Group backlog of new railcars is as follows. In addition to the amounts below, as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, our backlog related to sustainable railcar conversions totaled ~~$201.4~~$179.9 million, representing ~~2,420~~2,160 railcars.


		September 30,							June 30,
		2022		2021		Percent			2023		2022		Percent
		(in millions)				Change			(in millions)				Change
External customers ~~(1)~~	External customers ~~(1)~~	$	3,573.7	$	980.9			External customers ~~(1)~~	$	3,221.5	$	1,432.1
Leasing Group	Leasing Group	517.2		247.5				Leasing Group	383.9		762.6
Total ~~(2)~~	Total ~~(2)~~	$	4,090.9	$	1,228.4	233.0	%	Total ~~(2)~~	$	3,605.4	$	2,194.7	64.3	%


		Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022	2021	2022		2021		Percent			2023	2022	2023		2022		Percent
								Change			(in units, $ in whole dollars)						Change
Beginning balance	Beginning balance	18,090	11,305	13,980		8,985				Beginning balance	30,915	16,265	32,270		13,980
Orders received ~~(1)~~	Orders received ~~(1)~~	19,500	2,530	28,890		8,510		239.5	%	Orders received ~~(1)~~	4,770	4,335	7,460		9,390		(20.6)	%
Deliveries	Deliveries	(3,935)	(2,410)	(8,915)		(6,070)		46.9	%	Deliveries	(4,985)	(2,510)	(9,030)		(4,980)		81.3	%
Other adjustments ~~(2)~~(1)	Other adjustments ~~(2)~~(1)	—	—	(300)		—				Other adjustments ~~(2)~~(1)	(160)	—	(160)		(300)
Ending balance	Ending balance	33,655	11,425	33,655		11,425		194.6	%	Ending balance	30,540	18,090	30,540		18,090		68.8	%
Average selling price in ending backlog	Average selling price in ending backlog			$	121,554	$	107,519	13.1	%	Average selling price in ending backlog			$	118,055	$	121,321	(2.7)	%

(1)Ending backlog and orders received for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 include 15,000 railcars valued at approximately $1.8 billion associated with a new long-term railcar supply agreement with GATX.

~~(2)~~ The adjustment for the ~~nine~~three and six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2023 includes 160 railcars valued at $19.2 million that were placed with a different customer and are also included in orders received in the table above, resulting in no net effect on ending backlog. The adjustment for the six months ended June 30, 2022 includes 300 railcars valued at $34.6 million that were removed from the new railcar backlog and shifted to the sustainable railcar conversion backlog.

Total backlog dollars increased by ~~233.0%~~64.3% when compared to the prior year period ~~primarily from~~due to an increase in the volume and average selling price of orders ~~received.~~received primarily driven by a new long-term railcar supply agreement with GATX Corporation executed in the third quarter of 2022. We expect to deliver approximately ~~16.2%~~28.6% of our railcar backlog value during ~~2022~~2023 and ~~35.5%~~33.1% during ~~2023,~~2024, with the remainder to be delivered through 2028. The orders in our backlog from the Leasing Group are fully supported by lease commitments with external customers. The final amount of backlog attributable to the Leasing Group may vary by the time of delivery as customers may elect to change their procurement decision.

Transactions between the Rail Products Group and the Leasing Group are as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021			2023		2022		2023		2022
		($ in millions)									($ in millions)
Revenues:	Revenues:									Revenues:
New railcars	New railcars	$	229.2	$	70.8	$	423.9	$	279.2	New railcars	$	190.4	$	136.7	$	324.7	$	194.7
Sustainable railcar conversions	Sustainable railcar conversions	$	28.9	$	26.0	$	89.2	$	38.8	Sustainable railcar conversions	$	4.1	$	38.3	$	43.1	$	60.3
Other maintenance services	Other maintenance services	$	37.2	$	8.5	$	92.4	$	49.6	Other maintenance services	$	15.1	$	33.9	$	41.2	$	55.2

Deferred profit	Deferred profit	$	19.6	$	4.5	$	48.7	$	9.3	Deferred profit	$	13.1	$	20.3	$	29.9	$	29.1

Number of new railcars (in units)	Number of new railcars (in units)	1,735		670		3,205		2,741		Number of new railcars (in units)	1,475		1,015		2,495		1,470
Number of sustainable railcar conversions (in units)	Number of sustainable railcar conversions (in units)	300		242		860		361		Number of sustainable railcar conversions (in units)	35		365		425		560

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Corporate and other


		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		Percent		2022		2021		Percent			2023		2022		Percent		2023		2022		Percent
		(in millions)				Change		(in millions)				Change			(in millions)				Change		(in millions)				Change

Operating costs:	Operating costs:													Operating costs:

Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	$	25.1	$	25.9	(3.1)	%	$	72.7	$	75.2	(3.3)	%	Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	$	31.6	$	25.4	24.4	%	$	57.6	$	47.6	21.0	%
Gains on dispositions of property	Gains on dispositions of property	(3.7)		(2.8)		*		(10.5)		(12.1)		*		Gains on dispositions of property	—		(0.3)		*		—		(6.8)		*
Operating loss	Operating loss	$	(21.4)	$	(23.1)	(7.4)	%	$	(62.2)	$	(63.1)	(1.4)	%	Operating loss	$	(31.6)	$	(25.1)	25.9	%	$	(57.6)	$	(40.8)	41.2	%

* Not meaningful

Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022 decreased 3.1%~~2023 increased 24.4% and ~~3.3%~~21.0%, respectively, compared to the prior year periods primarily from ~~lower litigation-related expenses.~~higher employee-related costs, as well as the change in estimated fair value of additional contingent consideration associated with an acquisition. Total operating costs induring the ~~three and nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2022 ~~and 2021~~ were favorably impacted by gains associated with the disposition of non-operating facilities. As we continue to streamline our operational footprint, we may have additional gains or losses on the disposition of other non-operating facilities.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

We expect to finance future operating requirements with cash, cash equivalents, and short-term marketable securities; cash flows from operations; and short-term debt, long-term debt, and equity. Debt instruments that we have utilized include the TILC warehouse loan facility, senior notes, convertible subordinated notes, asset-backed securities, non-recourse promissory notes, sale-leaseback transactions, and our revolving credit facility.

As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we have total committed liquidity of ~~$464.7~~$698.5 million. Our total available liquidity includes: ~~$58.5~~$91.7 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents; ~~$264.1~~$476.9 million unused and available under our revolving credit facility; and ~~$142.1~~$129.9 million unused and available under the TILC warehouse loan facility based on the amount of warehouse-eligible, unpledged equipment. We believe we have access to adequate capital resources to fund operating requirements and are an active participant in the capital markets.

Liquidity Highlights

~~TRL-2022~~Revolving Credit Facility– In March 2023, we amended our revolving credit facility to increase the total facility commitment from $450.0 million to $600.0 million, increase the maximum leverage ratio to provide additional flexibility, modify the limitations on restricted payments, and allow up to $100.0 million of annual dividends on the Company's common stock. See Note 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding this amendment.

TRL-2023 Term Loan – In ~~April 2022, TRL-2022 issued $244.8~~June 2023, TRL-2023 entered into a $340.0 million ~~of its Series 2022-1 Green Secured Railcar Equipment Notes. These notes bear~~term loan agreement. The TRL-2023 term loan bears interest at a ~~fixed~~variable rate of ~~4.55%~~daily simple SOFR plus (1) a benchmark adjustment of 10 basis points and ~~have~~(2) a facility margin of 1.80%. The TRL-2023 term loan has a stated ~~final~~ maturity date of ~~2052.~~June 2028. Net proceeds received from the transaction were used to repay borrowings under TILC's warehouse loan facility and for general corporate purposes.

Senior Notes Due 2028 – In June 2023, we issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 7.75% senior notes due July 2028. Interest on the Senior Notes due 2028 is payable semiannually commencing January 15, 2024. Net proceeds received from the issuance were used to repay outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility and to pay related fees, costs, premiums, and expenses in connection with the issuance. We intend to use the remainder of the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which may include repayment of other debt, including our Senior Notes due 2024.

Dividend Payments – We paid ~~$58.3~~$43.3 million in dividends to our common stockholders during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

Share Repurchase Authorization – In ~~September 2021,~~December 2022, our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program effective ~~September~~December 9, ~~2021 through December 31, 2022.~~2022 with no expiration. The new share repurchase program authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $250.0 million of its common stock. ~~In December 2021, using a portion of the proceeds from the sale of THP, we entered into an ASR to repurchase $125.0 million of our common stock. Approximately 3.3 million~~There were no shares repurchased as part of the ASR on December 31, 2021 were delivered to the Company in January 2022 in accordance with normal settlement practices, representing approximately 80% of the total notional value of the ASR. The ASR was completed in April 2022. Share repurchase activity under the authorized program is as follows:

Shares Repurchased Remaining Authorization to Repurchase
Period Number of shares Cost
(in millions) Cost
(in millions)
September 9, 2021 Authorization $ 250.0
September 9, 2021 through September 30, 2021 — $ — $ 250.0
October 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021 5,155,491 151.9 $ 98.1
January 1, 2022 through March 31, 2022 — — $ 98.1
April 1, 2022 through June 30, 2022 1,760,462 50.3 $ 47.8 (1)
July 1, 2022 through September 30, 2022 610,000 14.1 $ 33.7
Total 7,525,953 $ 216.3

~~(1)Share repurchases~~ during the second quarter of 2022 included 760,602 shares at a cost of $25.0 million representing the final settlement of the ASR, which was funded in December 2021 but a portion of which remained outstanding as of December 31, 2021.three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

~~Table of Contents~~

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:


		Nine Months Ended September 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021			2023		2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)
Net cash flows from continuing operations:	Net cash flows from continuing operations:					Net cash flows from continuing operations:
Operating activities	Operating activities	$	(52.6)	$	418.8	Operating activities	$	140.3	$	(61.3)
Investing activities	Investing activities	(186.1)		47.8		Investing activities	(292.1)		(198.5)
Financing activities	Financing activities	193.1		(354.1)		Financing activities	159.5		278.6
Net cash flows from discontinued operations	Net cash flows from discontinued operations	(18.1)		4.2		Net cash flows from discontinued operations	(5.4)		(14.7)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		$	(63.7)	$	116.7
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash						Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	2.3	$	4.1

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Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $140.3 million compared to net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations ~~for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $52.6 million compared to net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations~~ of ~~$418.8~~$61.3 million for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2021.~~2022. The changes in our operating assets and liabilities are as follows:

Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022 2021
(in millions)
(Increase) decrease in receivables, inventories, and other assets $ (325.4) $ (89.0)
(Increase) decrease in income tax receivable (5.6) 249.8
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other liabilities 67.7 58.9
Changes in operating assets and liabilities $ (263.3) $ 219.7


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
	(in millions)
(Increase) decrease in receivables, inventories, and other assets	$	(73.7)	$	(248.6)

Increase (decrease) in accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other liabilities	67.5		55.2
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	$	(6.2)	$	(193.4)

The changes in our operating assets and liabilities resulted in a net use of ~~$263.3~~$6.2 million for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, as compared to a net ~~source~~use of ~~$219.7~~$193.4 million for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2021.~~2022. Operating assets in the ~~current~~prior year period were impacted by ~~cyclical shifts~~higher inventory balances in anticipation of higher volumes of railcar deliveries in future periods, as well as continued supply chain challenges. The decrease in the income tax receivable in the prior year period was primarily driven by the collection of approximately $248.3 million of income tax refunds associated with the loss carryback provisions included in recent tax legislation.

Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 was ~~$186.1~~$292.1 million compared to ~~$47.8~~$198.5 million of net cash ~~provided by~~used in investing activities from continuing operations for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2021.~~2022. Significant investing activities are as follows:

•We made a net investment in our lease fleet of ~~$176.3~~$214.0 million during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, compared to ~~proceeds received from lease portfolio sales exceeding the investment in our lease fleet by approximately $40.6~~$198.9 million in the prior year period. Our investment in the lease fleet primarily includes new railcar additions, sustainable railcar conversions, railcar modifications, and other betterments, net of deferred profit, and secondary market purchases; and is net of proceeds from lease portfolio sales.

•During the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2023, we acquired a company that is a provider of proprietary software and logistics and terminal management solutions for net cash of $66.2 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, we acquired a company that owns and operates an end-to-end rail logistics software platform providing a real-time data universe to freight rail shippers and operators for net cash of $9.4 million. ~~During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we acquired a company that owns and operates proprietary railcar cleaning technology systems for net cash of $16.5 million.~~

•We purchased equity investments totaling $15.5 million and $0.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, primarily related to our investments in Signal Rail Holdings LLC. See Note 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~Table of Contents~~

Financing Activities. Net cash provided by financing activities during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 was ~~$193.1~~$159.5 million compared to ~~$354.1~~$278.6 million of net cash ~~used in~~provided by financing activities for the ~~same period in 2021.~~six months ended June 30, 2022. Significant financing activities are as follows:

•During the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we had total borrowings of ~~$1,664.5~~$1,253.9 million and total repayments of ~~$1,351.5~~$1,035.3 million, for net proceeds of ~~$313.0~~$218.6 million, primarily from debt proceeds for general corporate purposes and to support our investment in the lease fleet. During the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2021,~~2022, we had total borrowings of ~~$2,393.7~~$1,194.1 million and total repayments of ~~$2,256.8~~$833.3 million, for net proceeds of ~~$136.9~~$360.8 million, primarily from debt proceeds to support our investment in the lease fleet.

•We paid ~~$58.3~~$43.3 million and ~~$68.5~~$39.3 million in dividends to our common stockholders during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

•We repurchased common stock totaling ~~$36.8 million and $406.5~~$22.4 million during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022 and 2021, respectively.~~2022. The ~~current~~prior year period excludes $25.0 million representing the final settlement of the ASR, which was funded in December 2021 but a portion of which remained ~~outstanding as of December 31, 2021. Certain~~outstanding. There were no shares ~~of stock~~ repurchased during September 2022, totaling $2.6 million, were cash settled in October 2022 in accordance with normal settlement practices. The prior year period includes shares repurchased in a privately negotiated transaction with ValueAct totaling $222.5 million.the six months ended June 30, 2023.

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Current Debt Obligations

The revolving credit facility contains several financial covenants that require the maintenance of ratios related to minimum interest coverage for the leasing and manufacturing operations and maximum leverage. In ~~July 2022,~~March 2023, we amended our revolving credit facility to increase the maximum leverage ratio to provide additional ~~flexibility.~~flexibility and to amend certain other terms. A summary of our financial covenants is detailed below:

Ratio

Covenant

Actual at

~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023

Maximum leverage (1)

No greater than 4.25 to 1.00

~~2.70~~2.66

Minimum interest coverage (2)

No less than 2.25 to 1.00

~~6.57~~7.79

(1) Defined as the ratio of consolidated total indebtedness to consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") for the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries for the period of four consecutive quarters ending with ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

(2) Defined as the ratio of the difference of (A) consolidated EBITDA less (B) consolidated capital expenditures – manufacturing and other to consolidated interest expense to the extent paid in cash, in each case for the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries for the period of four consecutive quarters ending with ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we were in compliance with all such financial covenants. Please refer to Note 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our current debt obligations.

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Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information

Our ~~4.55% senior notes~~Senior Notes due 2024 ~~("Senior Notes")~~ are fully and unconditionally and jointly and severally guaranteed by certain of Trinity’s 100%-owned subsidiaries: Trinity Industries Leasing Company; Trinity North American Freight Car, Inc.; Trinity Rail Group, LLC; Trinity Tank Car, Inc.; and TrinityRail Maintenance Services, Inc. (collectively, the "Guarantor Subsidiaries”).

The Senior Notes due 2024 indenture agreement includes customary provisions for the release of the guarantees by the Guarantor Subsidiaries upon the occurrence of certain allowed events including the release of one or more of the Guarantor Subsidiaries as guarantor under our revolving credit facility. See Note 8 of our ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Senior Notes due 2024 are not guaranteed by any of our remaining 100%-owned subsidiaries or partially-owned subsidiaries (“Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”).

As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, assets held by the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries included ~~$168.4~~$198.1 million of restricted cash that was not available for distribution to Trinity Industries, Inc. (“Parent”), ~~$7,167.1~~$7,262.8 million of equipment securing certain non-recourse debt, and ~~$607.8~~$519.1 million of assets located in foreign locations. As of December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, assets held by the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries included ~~$79.6~~$209.8 million of restricted cash that was not available for distribution to the Parent, ~~$6,595.5~~$7,153.3 million of equipment securing certain non-recourse debt, and ~~$414.8~~$571.7 million of assets located in foreign locations.

The following tables include the summarized financial information for Parent and Guarantor Subsidiaries (together, the obligor group) on a combined basis after elimination of intercompany transactions within the obligor group (in millions). Investments in and equity in the earnings of the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries (the non-obligor group) have been excluded.


				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022					Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Summarized Statement of Operations:	Summarized Statement of Operations:					Summarized Statement of Operations:
Revenues (1)	Revenues (1)			$	846.6	Revenues (1)			$	918.5
Cost of revenues (2)	Cost of revenues (2)			$	793.0	Cost of revenues (2)			$	840.7
Income (loss) from continuing operations	Income (loss) from continuing operations			$	(59.6)	Income (loss) from continuing operations			$	(20.1)
Net income (loss) (3)	Net income (loss) (3)			$	(77.9)	Net income (loss) (3)			$	(25.5)

		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Summarized Balance Sheets:	Summarized Balance Sheets:					Summarized Balance Sheets:
Assets:	Assets:					Assets:
Receivables, net of allowance (4)	Receivables, net of allowance (4)	$	289.0	$	245.8	Receivables, net of allowance (4)	$	383.5	$	317.3
Inventories	Inventories	$	641.6	$	409.4	Inventories	$	568.9	$	577.0
Property, plant, and equipment, net	Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	447.8	$	953.3	Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	440.0	$	471.8
Goodwill and other assets	Goodwill and other assets	$	415.0	$	385.7	Goodwill and other assets	$	402.3	$	399.7

Liabilities:	Liabilities:					Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (5)	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (5)	$	389.5	$	337.0	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (5)	$	417.8	$	371.4
Debt	Debt	$	459.0	$	398.7	Debt	$	793.9	$	624.1
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	$	944.7	$	926.2	Deferred income taxes	$	968.2	$	949.8
Other liabilities	Other liabilities	$	139.4	$	147.0	Other liabilities	$	150.6	$	156.6
Noncontrolling interest	Noncontrolling interest	$	255.2	$	267.0	Noncontrolling interest	$	254.4	$	257.2

(1) There were no net sales from the obligor group to Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

(2) Cost of revenues includes ~~$193.0~~$200.1 million of purchases from Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

(3) Net income (loss) includes ~~$18.3~~$5.4 million of net loss related to discontinued operations.

(4) Receivables, net of allowance includes ~~$98.4~~$93.4 million and ~~$93.5~~$87.9 million of receivables from Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

(5) Accounts payable includes ~~$38.6~~$45.1 million and ~~$29.7~~$57.8 million of payables to Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

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Capital Expenditures

For the full year ~~2022,~~2023, we anticipate a net investment in our lease fleet of between $250 million and ~~$300~~$350 million. Capital expenditures related to manufacturing and other activities, including expansion of our fleet maintenance capabilities and systems upgrades, are projected to range between ~~$35~~$40 million and ~~$45~~$50 million for the full year ~~2022.~~2023.

Equity Investment

See Note 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for information about our investment in partially-owned leasing subsidiaries.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we had letters of credit issued under our revolving credit facility in an aggregate amount of ~~$4.9~~$16.8 million, the majority of which are expected to expire in ~~November~~October 2023. Our letters of credit obligations support performance bonds related to certain railcar orders. See Note 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about our corporate revolving credit facility.

Derivative Instruments

~~LIBOR Transition~~

The United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), has announced that it will no longer persuade or require banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after June 2023. In the U.S., the Alternative Reference Rates Committee has identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") as its preferred alternative to LIBOR. During the third quarter of 2022, we amended our corporate revolving credit facility and warehouse loan facility to transition the facility benchmark rate from LIBOR to SOFR plus a benchmark adjustment. We currently have LIBOR-based contracts that extend beyond June 2023 related to promissory notes and derivative instruments for Trinity Rail Leasing 2017 LLC. After LIBOR is phased out, the interest rates for these obligations might be subject to change. The replacement of LIBOR with an alternative benchmark reference rate may adversely affect interest rates and result in higher borrowing costs under these agreements and any future agreements.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We have included financial measures compiled in accordance with GAAP and certain non-GAAP measures in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to provide management and investors with additional information regarding our financial results. Non-GAAP measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for our ~~reporting~~reported results prepared in accordance with GAAP and, as calculated, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures for other companies. For each non-GAAP financial measure, we provide a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure.

Adjusted Free Cash Flow

~~Total~~Adjusted Free Cash Flow After Investments and Dividends ("Adjusted Free Cash Flow") is a non-GAAP financial measure. We believe Adjusted Free Cash Flow is useful to both management and investors as it provides a relevant measure of liquidity and a useful basis for assessing our ability to fund our operations and repay our debt. Adjusted Free Cash Flow is reconciled to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, in the following table.

Adjusted Free Cash Flow is defined as net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations as computed in accordance with GAAP, plus cash proceeds from lease portfolio sales, less capital expenditures for manufacturing, dividends paid, and Equity CapEx for leased railcars. Equity CapEx for leased railcars is defined as leasing capital expenditures, adjusted to exclude net proceeds from (repayments of) recourse and non-recourse debt.


		Nine Months Ended September 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021			2023		2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities – continuing operations	Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities – continuing operations	$	(52.6)	$	418.8	Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities – continuing operations	$	140.3	$	(61.3)
Proceeds from lease portfolio sales	Proceeds from lease portfolio sales	514.8		404.5		Proceeds from lease portfolio sales	185.7		215.2
Adjusted Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities		462.2		823.3
Capital expenditures – manufacturing and other	Capital expenditures – manufacturing and other	(25.7)		(16.9)		Capital expenditures – manufacturing and other	(20.8)		(18.8)
Dividends paid to common stockholders	Dividends paid to common stockholders	(58.3)		(68.5)		Dividends paid to common stockholders	(43.3)		(39.3)
Free Cash Flow (before Capital expenditures – leasing)		378.2		737.9
Equity CapEx for leased railcars	Equity CapEx for leased railcars	(378.1)		(227.0)		Equity CapEx for leased railcars	(181.1)		(53.3)
Total Free Cash Flow After Investments and Dividends		$	0.1	$	510.9
Adjusted Free Cash Flow After Investments and Dividends						Adjusted Free Cash Flow After Investments and Dividends	$	80.8	$	42.5

Capital expenditures – leasing	Capital expenditures – leasing	$	691.1	$	363.9	Capital expenditures – leasing	$	399.7	$	414.1
Less:	Less:					Less:
Payments to retire debt	Payments to retire debt	(1,351.5)		(2,256.8)		Payments to retire debt	(1,035.3)		(833.3)
Proceeds from issuance of debt	Proceeds from issuance of debt	1,664.5		2,393.7		Proceeds from issuance of debt	1,253.9		1,194.1
Net proceeds from (repayments of) debt	Net proceeds from (repayments of) debt	313.0		136.9		Net proceeds from (repayments of) debt	218.6		360.8
Equity CapEx for leased railcars	Equity CapEx for leased railcars	$	378.1	$	227.0	Equity CapEx for leased railcars	$	181.1	$	53.3

Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments

Except as described below, as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, there have been no material changes to our contractual obligations from December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:

•In ~~April 2022, TRL-2022 issued $244.8~~March 2023, we amended our revolving credit facility to increase the total facility commitment from $450.0 million ~~of its Series 2022-1 Green Secured Railcar Equipment Notes. These notes have a stated final maturity date of 2052.~~to $600.0 million and to amend certain other terms.

•In ~~May 2022, Tribute Rail issued $327.0~~June 2023, TRL-2023 entered into a $340.0 million ~~of its Series 2022-1 Green Secured Railcar Equipment Notes. These notes have~~term loan agreement with a stated ~~final~~ maturity date of ~~2052. Net proceeds received from the issuance~~June 2028.

•In June 2023, we issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of ~~these~~7.75% senior notes ~~were used to redeem TRIP Railcar Co.'s existing term loan agreement, of which $323.7 million was outstanding at December 31, 2021.~~due July 2028.

See Note 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding ~~these debt transactions.~~this amendment.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for information about recent accounting pronouncements.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

There has been no material change in our market risks since December 31, ~~2021~~2022 as set forth in Item 7A of our ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Refer to Note 3 and Note 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the impact of hedging activity and debt-related activity, respectively, for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that we are able to collect and record the information we are required to disclose in the reports we file with the SEC, and to process, summarize, and disclose this information within the time periods specified in the rules of the SEC. Our Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers are responsible for establishing and maintaining these procedures and, as required by the rules of the SEC, evaluating their effectiveness. Based on their evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures that took place as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers concluded that these procedures are effective to 1) ensure that we are able to collect, process, and disclose the information we are required to disclose in the reports we file with the SEC within the required time periods and 2) accumulate and communicate this information to our management, including our Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers, to allow timely decisions regarding this disclosure.

Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

During the period covered by this report, there have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The information provided in Note 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements is hereby incorporated into this Part II, Item 1 by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Item 1A of our ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

This table provides information with respect to purchases by the Company of shares of its common stock during the quarter ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022:~~2023:

Period
Number of Shares Purchased (1)
Average Price Paid per Share (1)
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
(in millions)
July 1, 2022 through July 31, 2022 26,886 $ 25.60 25,000 $ 47.2
August 1, 2022 through August 31, 2022 76,109 $ 25.73 75,000 $ 45.3
September 1, 2022 through September 30, 2022 510,864 $ 22.62 510,000 $ 33.7
Total 613,859 610,000


Period	Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share (1)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2) (in millions)
April 1, 2023 through April 30, 2023	1,174	$	24.17	—	$	250.0
May 1, 2023 through May 31, 2023	303,612	$	20.83	—	$	250.0
June 1, 2023 through June 30, 2023	2,939	$	23.24	—	$	250.0
Total	307,725			—

(1) These columns include the following transactions during the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2022:~~2023: (i) the surrender to the Company of ~~3,666~~307,385 shares of common stock to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock issued to ~~employees,~~employees; and (ii) the purchase of ~~193~~340 shares of common stock by the Trustee for assets held in a non-qualified employee profit sharing plan ~~trust, and (iii) the purchase of 610,000 shares of common stock on the open market as part of our share repurchase program.~~trust.

(2) In ~~September 2021,~~December 2022, our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program effective ~~September~~December 9, ~~2021 through December 31, 2022.~~2022 with no expiration. The new share repurchase program authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $250.0 million of its common stock. ~~In December 2021, we entered into an ASR to repurchase $125.0 million of our common stock. Approximately 3,311,258~~There were no shares repurchased ~~as part of~~under the ~~ASR were delivered to us in January 2022, representing approximately 80% of the total notional value of the ASR. The ASR was completed in April 2022. Shares repurchased~~new share repurchase program during the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2022 totaled 610,000 shares, at a cost of approximately $14.1 million. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had a remaining authorization to repurchase up to $33.7 million of its common stock under the share repurchase program. Certain shares of stock repurchased during September 2022, totaling $2.6 million, were cash settled in October 2022 in accordance with normal settlement practices.The2023. The approximate dollar value of shares that were eligible to be repurchased under our share repurchase program is shown as of the end of such month or quarter.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

~~None.~~Eric R. Marchetto, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, entered into a stock trading plan on June 29, 2023 for asset diversification purposes. Mr. Marchetto’s plan provides for the sale of up to 42,225 shares of common stock between September 28, 2023 and June 28, 2024, which represents approximately 15% of Mr. Marchetto's beneficial ownership of our common stock as of June 29, 2023. Mr. Marchetto’s trading plan was entered into during an open insider trading window and is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act and the Company’s policies regarding insider transactions.

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Item 6. Exhibits


NO.						DESCRIPTION
~~3.1~~4.1						~~Amended~~Indenture, dated as of June 30, 2023 by and ~~Restated Bylaws of~~among Trinity Industries, Inc., ~~effective September 7, 2022 (filed herewith)~~the guarantors party thereto and Truist Bank, as trustee, governing the 7.750% Senior Notes due 2028 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Form 8-K filed on June 30, 2023).
4.2						Form of 7.750% Senior Notes due 2028 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.1 to our Form 8-K filed on June 30, 2023).
10.1						Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 25, 2022, by and among the Trinity Industries, Inc., as borrower, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, Bank of America, N.A. and Truist Bank, as co-syndication agents, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Regions Bank, and PNC Bank, National Association, as co-documentation agents (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022).
~~10.2~~						~~First Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Warehouse~~Term Loan Agreement dated as of ~~August 29, 2022,~~June 12, 2023, among ~~Trinity Industries Leasing Company,~~ Trinity Rail Leasing ~~Warehouse~~2023 LLC; Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent for the Lenders; the Lenders; and U.S. Bank Trust ~~Credit Suisse AG, New York Branch, as Agent, and Wilmington Trust~~ Company, National Association, not in its individual capacity, but solely in its capacity as Collateral Agent and Depositary (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K filed on ~~September 1, 2022)~~June 12, 2023).
10.2						Fifth Amended and Restated Trinity Industries, Inc. Stock Option and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K filed on May 11, 2023).
22.1						Subsidiary guarantors and issuers of guaranteed securities
31.1						Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) Certification of the Chief Executive Officer (filed herewith).
31.2						Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) Certification of the Chief Financial Officer (filed herewith).
32.1						Certification pursuant to 18U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
32.2						Certification pursuant to 18U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
101.INS						Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (filed electronically herewith).
101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (filed electronically herewith).
101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (filed electronically herewith).
101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (filed electronically herewith).
101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (filed electronically herewith).
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

_____________________________

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


TRINITY INDUSTRIES, INC.	By:	/s/ Eric R. Marchetto
Registrant
		Eric R. Marchetto
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		~~October 25, 2022~~August 1, 2023

5758


Caption			Page
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements			3
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			3334
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			5455
Item 4. Controls and Procedures			5455

PART II OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings			5556
Item 1A. Risk Factors			5556
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			5556
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities			5556
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures			5556
Item 5. Other Information			5556
Item 6. Exhibits			5657

SIGNATURES			5758


	Unsatisfied performance obligations at September 30, 2022
	Total Amount		Percent expected to be delivered in 2022
	(in millions)
Rail Products Group:
New railcars:
External customers (1)	$	3,573.7
Leasing Group	517.2
	$	4,090.9	16.2	%
Sustainable railcar conversions	$	201.4	26.5	%


Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	133.6	6.8	%


	Currency translation adjustments		Unrealized gains/(losses) on derivative financial instruments		Net actuarial gains/(losses) of defined benefit plans		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
	(in millions)
Balances at December 31, 2021	$	(1.3)	$	(12.2)	$	(3.5)	$	(17.0)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax, before reclassifications	—		26.8		—		26.8
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax benefit of $—, $1.2, $—, and $1.2	—		4.6		0.2		4.8
Amounts reclassified to discontinued operations, net of tax	1.3		—		—		1.3
Less: noncontrolling interest	—		0.5		—		0.5
Other comprehensive income	1.3		31.9		0.2		33.4
Balances at September 30, 2022	$	—	$	19.7	$	(3.3)	$	16.4


	Shares Repurchased			Remaining Authorization to Repurchase
Period	Number of Shares	Cost (in millions)		Cost (in millions)
September 9, 2021 Authorization				$	250.0
September 9, 2021 through September 30, 2021	—	$	—	$	250.0
October 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021	5,155,491	151.9		$	98.1
January 1, 2022 through March 31, 2022	—	—		$	98.1
April 1, 2022 through June 30, 2022	1,760,462	50.3		$	47.8	(1)
July 1, 2022 through September 30, 2022	610,000	14.1		$	33.7
Total	7,525,953	$	216.3