UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM10-Q
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 20222023
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from             to             
unitedcoverlogoa01.jpg
Commission
File Number
Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter,
Principal Executive Office Address and Telephone Number
State of
Incorporation
I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.
001-06033United Airlines Holdings, Inc.Delaware36-2675207
233 South Wacker Drive,Chicago,Illinois60606
(872)825-4000
001-10323United Airlines, Inc.Delaware74-2099724
233 South Wacker Drive,Chicago,Illinois60606
(872)825-4000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act
RegistrantTitle of Each ClassTrading SymbolName of Each Exchange on Which Registered
United Airlines Holdings, Inc.Common Stock, $0.01 par valueUALThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
United Airlines Holdings, Inc.Preferred Stock Purchase RightsNoneThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
United Airlines, Inc.NoneNoneNone
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
United Airlines Holdings, Inc.YesNoUnited Airlines, Inc.YesNo
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this Chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
United Airlines Holdings, Inc.YesNoUnited Airlines, Inc.YesNo
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
United Airlines Holdings, Inc.Large accelerated filerAccelerated filerNon-accelerated filerSmaller reporting companyEmerging growth company
United Airlines, Inc.Large accelerated filerAccelerated filerNon-accelerated filerSmaller reporting companyEmerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
United Airlines Holdings, Inc.
United Airlines, Inc.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
United Airlines Holdings, Inc.YesNo
United Airlines, Inc.YesNo
The number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock as of October 13, 202212, 2023 is shown below:
United Airlines Holdings, Inc. 326,927,831328,014,680 shares of common stock ($0.01 par value)
United Airlines, Inc.1,000 shares of common stock ($0.01 par value) (100% owned by United Airlines Holdings, Inc.)
OMISSION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION
This combined Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is separately filed by United Airlines Holdings, Inc. and United Airlines, Inc. United Airlines, Inc. meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction H(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-Q and is therefore filing this form with the reduced disclosure format allowed under that General Instruction.



United Airlines Holdings, Inc.
United Airlines, Inc.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 20222023

Table of Contents
 
 Page



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
(In millions, except per share amounts)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021 2023202220232022
Operating revenue:Operating revenue: Operating revenue: 
Passenger revenuePassenger revenue$11,653 $6,637 $28,830 $13,319 Passenger revenue$13,349 $11,653 $36,625 $28,830 
CargoCargo498 519 1,699 1,622 Cargo333 498 1,093 1,699 
Other operating revenueOther operating revenue726 594 2,026 1,501 Other operating revenue802 726 2,373 2,026 
Total operating revenueTotal operating revenue12,877 7,750 32,555 16,442 Total operating revenue14,484 12,877 40,091 32,555 
Operating expense:Operating expense:Operating expense:
Salaries and related costsSalaries and related costs3,914 2,843 10,946 8,466 
Aircraft fuelAircraft fuel3,755 1,710 9,796 3,793 Aircraft fuel3,342 3,755 9,336 9,796 
Salaries and related costs2,843 2,487 8,466 6,987 
Landing fees and other rentLanding fees and other rent639 652 1,919 1,735 Landing fees and other rent801 639 2,283 1,919 
Aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairsAircraft maintenance materials and outside repairs619 346 1,553 917 Aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairs684 619 2,072 1,553 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization610 623 1,832 1,866 Depreciation and amortization663 610 1,987 1,832 
Regional capacity purchaseRegional capacity purchase596 520 1,728 1,546 Regional capacity purchase592 596 1,806 1,728 
Distribution expensesDistribution expenses482 218 1,101 442 Distribution expenses516 482 1,406 1,101 
Aircraft rentAircraft rent65 58 193 165 Aircraft rent46 65 151 193 
Special charges (credits)20 (1,098)124 (3,423)
Special chargesSpecial charges29 20 902 124 
Other operating expensesOther operating expenses1,790 1,197 4,883 3,028 Other operating expenses2,158 1,790 5,989 4,883 
Total operating expenseTotal operating expense11,419 6,713 31,595 17,056 Total operating expense12,745 11,419 36,878 31,595 
Operating income (loss)1,458 1,037 960 (614)
Operating incomeOperating income1,739 1,458 3,213 960 
Nonoperating income (expense):Nonoperating income (expense):Nonoperating income (expense):
Interest expenseInterest expense(455)(449)(1,299)(1,228)Interest expense(493)(455)(1,472)(1,299)
Interest incomeInterest income234 104 620 142 
Interest capitalizedInterest capitalized27 18 73 57 Interest capitalized48 27 128 73 
Interest income104 11 142 30 
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments, netUnrealized gains (losses) on investments, net28 (34)(12)91 Unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net(54)28 54 (12)
Miscellaneous, netMiscellaneous, net(9)20 (4)(48)Miscellaneous, net11 (9)73 (4)
Total nonoperating expense, netTotal nonoperating expense, net(305)(434)(1,100)(1,098)Total nonoperating expense, net(254)(305)(597)(1,100)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)1,153 603 (140)(1,712)Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)1,485 1,153 2,616 (140)
Income tax expense (benefit)Income tax expense (benefit)211 130 (34)(394)Income tax expense (benefit)348 211 598 (34)
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$942 $473 $(106)$(1,318)Net income (loss)$1,137 $942 $2,018 $(106)
Earnings (loss) per share, basicEarnings (loss) per share, basic$2.88 $1.46 $(0.33)$(4.10)Earnings (loss) per share, basic$3.47 $2.88 $6.16 $(0.33)
Earnings (loss) per share, dilutedEarnings (loss) per share, diluted$2.86 $1.44 $(0.33)$(4.10)Earnings (loss) per share, diluted$3.42 $2.86 $6.08 $(0.33)

The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.


3

UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)
(In millions)

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021 2023202220232022
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$942 $473 $(106)$(1,318)Net income (loss)$1,137 $942 $2,018 $(106)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Employee benefit plansEmployee benefit plans— (9)17 Employee benefit plans(20)— (89)
Investments and otherInvestments and other(20)(1)(31)(2)Investments and other(20)(31)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(20)(10)(22)15 
Total other comprehensive loss, net of taxTotal other comprehensive loss, net of tax(12)(20)(84)(22)
Total comprehensive income (loss), netTotal comprehensive income (loss), net$922 $463 $(128)$(1,303)Total comprehensive income (loss), net$1,125 $922 $1,934 $(128)


The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.



4

UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(In millions, except shares)
 
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021 September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
ASSETSASSETSASSETS
Current assets:Current assets:Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$11,258 $18,283 Cash and cash equivalents$7,478 $7,166 
Short-term investmentsShort-term investments7,437 123 Short-term investments9,608 9,248 
Restricted cashRestricted cash61 37 Restricted cash392 45 
Receivables, less allowance for credit losses (2022 — $28; 2021 — $28)2,034 1,663 
Aircraft fuel, spare parts and supplies, less obsolescence allowance (2022 — $595; 2021 — $546)1,116 983 
Receivables, less allowance for credit losses (2023 — $14; 2022 — $11)Receivables, less allowance for credit losses (2023 — $14; 2022 — $11)2,193 1,801 
Aircraft fuel, spare parts and supplies, less obsolescence allowance (2023 — $665; 2022 — $610)Aircraft fuel, spare parts and supplies, less obsolescence allowance (2023 — $665; 2022 — $610)1,513 1,109 
Prepaid expenses and otherPrepaid expenses and other783 745 Prepaid expenses and other728 689 
Total current assetsTotal current assets22,689 21,834 Total current assets21,912 20,058 
Operating property and equipment:Operating property and equipment:Operating property and equipment:
Flight equipmentFlight equipment40,867 39,584 Flight equipment46,938 42,775 
Other property and equipmentOther property and equipment9,195 8,764 Other property and equipment10,157 9,334 
Purchase deposits for flight equipmentPurchase deposits for flight equipment2,532 2,215 Purchase deposits for flight equipment3,379 2,820 
Total operating property and equipmentTotal operating property and equipment52,594 50,563 Total operating property and equipment60,474 54,929 
Less — Accumulated depreciation and amortizationLess — Accumulated depreciation and amortization(20,088)(18,489)Less — Accumulated depreciation and amortization(22,114)(20,481)
Total operating property and equipment, netTotal operating property and equipment, net32,506 32,074 Total operating property and equipment, net38,360 34,448 
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOperating lease right-of-use assets4,280 4,645 Operating lease right-of-use assets3,975 3,889 
Other assets:Other assets:Other assets:
GoodwillGoodwill4,527 4,527 Goodwill4,527 4,527 
Intangibles, less accumulated amortization (2022 — $1,462; 2021 — $1,544)2,772 2,803 
Intangibles, less accumulated amortization (2023 — $1,486; 2022 — $1,472)Intangibles, less accumulated amortization (2023 — $1,486; 2022 — $1,472)2,735 2,762 
Restricted cashRestricted cash208 213 Restricted cash240 210 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes701 659 Deferred income taxes— 91 
Investments in affiliates and other, less allowance for credit losses (2022 — $695; 2021 — $622)1,285 1,420 
Investments in affiliates and other, less allowance for credit losses (2023 — $27; 2022 — $21)Investments in affiliates and other, less allowance for credit losses (2023 — $27; 2022 — $21)1,404 1,373 
Total other assetsTotal other assets9,493 9,622 Total other assets8,906 8,963 
Total assetsTotal assets$68,968 $68,175 Total assets$73,153 $67,358 
(continued on next page)















5



UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(In millions, except shares)
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021 September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYLIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYLIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:Current liabilities:Current liabilities:
Accounts payableAccounts payable$3,534 $2,562 Accounts payable$4,206 $3,395 
Accrued salaries and benefitsAccrued salaries and benefits1,841 2,121 Accrued salaries and benefits3,815 1,971 
Advance ticket salesAdvance ticket sales8,747 6,354 Advance ticket sales8,392 7,555 
Frequent flyer deferred revenueFrequent flyer deferred revenue2,642 2,239 Frequent flyer deferred revenue2,969 2,693 
Current maturities of long-term debtCurrent maturities of long-term debt2,955 3,002 Current maturities of long-term debt3,649 2,911 
Current maturities of other financial liabilities906 834 
Current maturities of operating leasesCurrent maturities of operating leases546 556 Current maturities of operating leases598 561 
Current maturities of finance leasesCurrent maturities of finance leases72 76 Current maturities of finance leases271 104 
Current maturities of other financial liabilitiesCurrent maturities of other financial liabilities44 23 
OtherOther746 560 Other812 779 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities21,989 18,304 Total current liabilities24,756 19,992 
Long-term debtLong-term debt28,490 30,361 Long-term debt25,932 28,283 
Long-term obligations under operating leasesLong-term obligations under operating leases4,803 5,152 Long-term obligations under operating leases4,493 4,459 
Long-term obligations under finance leasesLong-term obligations under finance leases112 219 Long-term obligations under finance leases71 115 
Other liabilities and deferred credits:Other liabilities and deferred credits:Other liabilities and deferred credits:
Frequent flyer deferred revenueFrequent flyer deferred revenue3,936 4,043 Frequent flyer deferred revenue4,107 3,982 
Pension liabilityPension liability1,948 1,920 Pension liability800 747 
Postretirement benefit liabilityPostretirement benefit liability946 1,000 Postretirement benefit liability621 671 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes472 — 
Other financial liabilitiesOther financial liabilities492 863 Other financial liabilities1,648 844 
OtherOther1,354 1,284 Other1,400 1,369 
Total other liabilities and deferred creditsTotal other liabilities and deferred credits8,676 9,110 Total other liabilities and deferred credits9,048 7,613 
Commitments and contingenciesCommitments and contingenciesCommitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:Stockholders' equity:Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stockPreferred stock— — Preferred stock— — 
Common stock at par, $0.01 par value; authorized 1,000,000,000 shares; outstanding 326,926,963 and 323,810,825 shares at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively
Common stock at par, $0.01 par value; authorized 1,000,000,000 shares; outstanding 328,013,283 and 326,930,321 shares at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectivelyCommon stock at par, $0.01 par value; authorized 1,000,000,000 shares; outstanding 328,013,283 and 326,930,321 shares at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively
Additional capital investedAdditional capital invested8,970 9,156 Additional capital invested8,968 8,986 
Stock held in treasury, at costStock held in treasury, at cost(3,533)(3,814)Stock held in treasury, at cost(3,442)(3,534)
Retained earningsRetained earnings421 625 Retained earnings3,232 1,265 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(964)(942)
Accumulated other comprehensive incomeAccumulated other comprehensive income91 175 
Total stockholders' equityTotal stockholders' equity4,898 5,029 Total stockholders' equity8,853 6,896 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equityTotal liabilities and stockholders' equity$68,968 $68,175 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$73,153 $67,358 

The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.




6

UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(In millions)
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20222021 20232022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:Cash Flows from Operating Activities:Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities$4,908 $2,336 Net cash provided by operating activities$7,821 $4,908 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:Cash Flows from Investing Activities:Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Capital expenditures, net of flight equipment purchase deposit returnsCapital expenditures, net of flight equipment purchase deposit returns(2,280)(1,571)Capital expenditures, net of flight equipment purchase deposit returns(5,105)(2,280)
Purchases of short-term and other investmentsPurchases of short-term and other investments(8,384)(47)Purchases of short-term and other investments(8,875)(8,384)
Proceeds from sale of short-term and other investmentsProceeds from sale of short-term and other investments1,061 271 Proceeds from sale of short-term and other investments8,614 1,061 
Proceeds from sale of property and equipmentProceeds from sale of property and equipment184 25 Proceeds from sale of property and equipment20 184 
Other, netOther, net(23)(2)Other, net(17)(23)
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(9,442)(1,324)Net cash used in investing activities(5,363)(9,442)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:Cash Flows from Financing Activities:Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of debt, net of discounts and fees210 11,098 
Proceeds from equity issuance— 532 
Proceeds from issuance of debt and other financing liabilities, net of discounts and feesProceeds from issuance of debt and other financing liabilities, net of discounts and fees1,685 210 
Payments of long-term debt, finance leases and other financing liabilitiesPayments of long-term debt, finance leases and other financing liabilities(2,605)(4,632)Payments of long-term debt, finance leases and other financing liabilities(3,423)(2,605)
Other, netOther, net(77)(27)Other, net(31)(77)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(2,472)6,971 
Net cash used in financing activitiesNet cash used in financing activities(1,769)(2,472)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashNet increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(7,006)7,983 Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash689 (7,006)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the periodCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period18,533 11,742 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period7,421 18,533 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period (a)Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period (a)$11,527 $19,725 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period (a)$8,110 $11,527 
Investing and Financing Activities Not Affecting Cash:Investing and Financing Activities Not Affecting Cash:Investing and Financing Activities Not Affecting Cash:
Property and equipment acquired through the issuance of debt, finance leases and otherProperty and equipment acquired through the issuance of debt, finance leases and other$— $801 Property and equipment acquired through the issuance of debt, finance leases and other$677 $— 
Right-of-use assets acquired through operating leasesRight-of-use assets acquired through operating leases470 98 
Lease modifications and lease conversionsLease modifications and lease conversions61 111 Lease modifications and lease conversions438 61 
Right-of-use assets acquired through operating leases98 627 
Investment interests received in exchange for goods and servicesInvestment interests received in exchange for goods and services93 129 Investment interests received in exchange for goods and services25 93 

(a) The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to amounts reported within the consolidated balance sheet:
Current assets:Current assets:Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$11,258 $19,256 Cash and cash equivalents$7,478 $11,258 
Restricted cash — CurrentRestricted cash — Current61 254 Restricted cash — Current392 61 
Restricted cash — Non-CurrentRestricted cash — Non-Current208 215 Restricted cash — Non-Current240 208 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashTotal cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$11,527 $19,725 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$8,110 $11,527 

The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
7

UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(In millions)
Common
Stock
Additional
Capital Invested
Treasury StockRetained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Total Common
Stock
Additional
Capital Invested
Treasury StockRetained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Total
SharesAmount
Balance at June 30, 2023Balance at June 30, 2023328.0 $$8,945 $(3,442)$2,095 $103 $7,705 
Net incomeNet income— — — — 1,137 — 1,137 
Other comprehensive lossOther comprehensive loss— — — — — (12)(12)
Stock-settled share-based compensationStock-settled share-based compensation— — 23 — — — 23 
Balance at September 30, 2023Balance at September 30, 2023328.0 $$8,968 $(3,442)$3,232 $91 $8,853 
Balance at December 31, 2022Balance at December 31, 2022326.9$$8,986 $(3,534)$1,265 $175 $6,896 
Net incomeNet income— — — — 2,018 — 2,018 
Other comprehensive lossOther comprehensive loss— — — — — (84)(84)
Stock-settled share-based compensationStock-settled share-based compensation— — 55 — — — 55 
Stock issued for share-based awards, net of shares withheld for taxStock issued for share-based awards, net of shares withheld for tax1.1 — (73)92 (51)— (32)
Balance at September 30, 2023Balance at September 30, 2023328.0 $$8,968 $(3,442)$3,232 $91 $8,853 
SharesAmountAdditional
Capital Invested
Treasury StockRetained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Total
Balance at June 30, 2022Balance at June 30, 2022326.7 $Balance at June 30, 2022326.7 $$8,970 $(3,551)$(515)$(944)$3,964 
Net incomeNet income— — — — 942 — 942 Net income— — — — 942 — 942 
Other comprehensive lossOther comprehensive loss— — — — — (20)(20)Other comprehensive loss— — — — — (20)(20)
Stock-settled share-based compensationStock-settled share-based compensation— — 15 — — — 15 Stock-settled share-based compensation— — 15 — — — 15 
Stock issued for share-based awards, net of shares withheld for taxStock issued for share-based awards, net of shares withheld for tax0.2 — (15)18 (6)— (3)Stock issued for share-based awards, net of shares withheld for tax0.2 — (15)18 (6)— (3)
Balance at September 30, 2022Balance at September 30, 2022326.9 $$8,970 $(3,533)$421 $(964)$4,898 Balance at September 30, 2022326.9 $$8,970 $(3,533)$421 $(964)$4,898 
Balance at December 31, 2021Balance at December 31, 2021323.8$$9,156 $(3,814)$625 $(942)$5,029 Balance at December 31, 2021323.8 $$9,156 $(3,814)$625 $(942)$5,029 
Net lossNet loss— — — — (106)— (106)Net loss— — — — (106)— (106)
Other comprehensive lossOther comprehensive loss— — — — — (22)(22)Other comprehensive loss— — — — — (22)(22)
Stock-settled share-based compensationStock-settled share-based compensation— — 70 — — — 70 Stock-settled share-based compensation— — 70 — — — 70 
Stock issued for share-based awards, net of shares withheld for taxStock issued for share-based awards, net of shares withheld for tax3.1 — (256)281 (98)— (73)Stock issued for share-based awards, net of shares withheld for tax3.1 — (256)281 (98)— (73)
Balance at September 30, 2022Balance at September 30, 2022326.9 $$8,970 $(3,533)$421 $(964)$4,898 Balance at September 30, 2022326.9 $$8,970 $(3,533)$421 $(964)$4,898 
Balance at June 30, 2021323.6 $$9,042 $(3,832)$804 $(1,114)$4,904 
Net income— — — — 473 — 473 
Other comprehensive loss— — — — — (10)(10)
Stock-settled share-based compensation— — 69 — — — 69 
Stock issued for share-based awards, net of shares withheld for tax0.2 — (17)18 (6)— (5)
Balance at September 30, 2021323.8 $$9,094 $(3,814)$1,271 $(1,124)$5,431 
Balance at December 31, 2020311.8 $$8,366 $(3,897)$2,626 $(1,139)$5,960 
Net loss— — — — (1,318)— (1,318)
Other comprehensive income— — — — — 15 15 
Stock-settled share-based compensation— — 169 — — — 169 
Issuance of common stock11.0 — 532 — — — 532 
Warrants issued— — 99 — — — 99 
Stock issued for share-based awards, net of shares withheld for tax1.0 — (72)83 (37)— (26)
Balance at September 30, 2021323.8 $$9,094 $(3,814)$1,271 $(1,124)$5,431 


The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
8


UNITED AIRLINES, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
(In millions)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021 2023202220232022
Operating revenue:Operating revenue: Operating revenue: 
Passenger revenuePassenger revenue$11,653 $6,637 $28,830 $13,319 Passenger revenue$13,349 $11,653 $36,625 $28,830 
CargoCargo498 519 1,699 1,622 Cargo333 498 1,093 1,699 
Other operating revenueOther operating revenue726 594 2,026 1,501 Other operating revenue802 726 2,373 2,026 
Total operating revenueTotal operating revenue12,877 7,750 32,555 16,442 Total operating revenue14,484 12,877 40,091 32,555 
Operating expense:Operating expense:Operating expense:
Salaries and related costsSalaries and related costs3,914 2,843 10,946 8,466 
Aircraft fuelAircraft fuel3,755 1,710 9,796 3,793 Aircraft fuel3,342 3,755 9,336 9,796 
Salaries and related costs2,843 2,487 8,466 6,987 
Landing fees and other rentLanding fees and other rent639 652 1,919 1,735 Landing fees and other rent801 639 2,283 1,919 
Aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairsAircraft maintenance materials and outside repairs619 346 1,553 917 Aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairs684 619 2,072 1,553 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization610 623 1,832 1,866 Depreciation and amortization663 610 1,987 1,832 
Regional capacity purchaseRegional capacity purchase596 520 1,728 1,546 Regional capacity purchase592 596 1,806 1,728 
Distribution expensesDistribution expenses482 218 1,101 442 Distribution expenses516 482 1,406 1,101 
Aircraft rentAircraft rent65 58 193 165 Aircraft rent46 65 151 193 
Special charges (credits)20 (1,098)124 (3,423)
Special chargesSpecial charges29 20 902 124 
Other operating expensesOther operating expenses1,789 1,197 4,881 3,027 Other operating expenses2,158 1,789 5,988 4,881 
Total operating expenseTotal operating expense11,418 6,713 31,593 17,055 Total operating expense12,745 11,418 36,877 31,593 
Operating income (loss)1,459 1,037 962 (613)
Operating incomeOperating income1,739 1,459 3,214 962 
Nonoperating income (expense):Nonoperating income (expense): Nonoperating income (expense): 
Interest expenseInterest expense(455)(449)(1,299)(1,228)Interest expense(493)(455)(1,472)(1,299)
Interest incomeInterest income234 104 620 142 
Interest capitalizedInterest capitalized27 18 73 57 Interest capitalized48 27 128 73 
Interest income104 11 142 30 
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments, netUnrealized gains (losses) on investments, net28 (34)(12)91 Unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net(54)28 54 (12)
Miscellaneous, netMiscellaneous, net(9)21 (4)(48)Miscellaneous, net12 (9)74 (4)
Total nonoperating expense, netTotal nonoperating expense, net(305)(433)(1,100)(1,098)Total nonoperating expense, net(253)(305)(596)(1,100)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)1,154 604 (138)(1,711)Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)1,486 1,154 2,618 (138)
Income tax expense (benefit)Income tax expense (benefit)212 130 (33)(394)Income tax expense (benefit)348 212 599 (33)
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$942 $474 $(105)$(1,317)Net income (loss)$1,138 $942 $2,019 $(105)
The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.



9

UNITED AIRLINES, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)
(In millions)

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021 2023202220232022
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$942 $474 $(105)$(1,317)Net income (loss)$1,138 $942 $2,019 $(105)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Employee benefit plansEmployee benefit plans— (9)917 Employee benefit plans(20)0(89)9
Investments and otherInvestments and other(20)(1)(31)(2)Investments and other(20)(31)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(20)(10)(22)15 
Total other comprehensive loss, net of taxTotal other comprehensive loss, net of tax(12)(20)(84)(22)
Total comprehensive income (loss), netTotal comprehensive income (loss), net$922 $464 $(127)$(1,302)Total comprehensive income (loss), net$1,126 $922 $1,935 $(127)
The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

10

UNITED AIRLINES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(In millions, except shares)
 
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021 September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
ASSETSASSETSASSETS
Current assets:Current assets:Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$11,258 $18,283 Cash and cash equivalents$7,478 $7,166 
Short-term investmentsShort-term investments7,437 123 Short-term investments9,608 9,248 
Restricted cashRestricted cash61 37 Restricted cash392 45 
Receivables, less allowance for credit losses (2022 — $28; 2021 — $28)2,034 1,663 
Aircraft fuel, spare parts and supplies, less obsolescence allowance (2022 — $595; 2021 — $546)1,116 983 
Receivables, less allowance for credit losses (2023 — $14; 2022 — $11)Receivables, less allowance for credit losses (2023 — $14; 2022 — $11)2,193 1,801 
Aircraft fuel, spare parts and supplies, less obsolescence allowance (2023 — $665; 2022 — $610)Aircraft fuel, spare parts and supplies, less obsolescence allowance (2023 — $665; 2022 — $610)1,513 1,109 
Prepaid expenses and otherPrepaid expenses and other783 745 Prepaid expenses and other728 689 
Total current assetsTotal current assets22,689 21,834 Total current assets21,912 20,058 
Operating property and equipment:Operating property and equipment:Operating property and equipment:
Flight equipmentFlight equipment40,867 39,584 Flight equipment46,938 42,775 
Other property and equipmentOther property and equipment9,195 8,764 Other property and equipment10,157 9,334 
Purchase deposits for flight equipmentPurchase deposits for flight equipment2,532 2,215 Purchase deposits for flight equipment3,379 2,820 
Total operating property and equipmentTotal operating property and equipment52,594 50,563 Total operating property and equipment60,474 54,929 
Less — Accumulated depreciation and amortizationLess — Accumulated depreciation and amortization(20,088)(18,489)Less — Accumulated depreciation and amortization(22,114)(20,481)
Total operating property and equipment, netTotal operating property and equipment, net32,506 32,074 Total operating property and equipment, net38,360 34,448 
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOperating lease right-of-use assets4,280 4,645 Operating lease right-of-use assets3,975 3,889 
Other assets:Other assets:Other assets:
GoodwillGoodwill4,527 4,527 Goodwill4,527 4,527 
Intangibles, less accumulated amortization (2022 — $1,462; 2021 — $1,544)2,772 2,803 
Intangibles, less accumulated amortization (2023 — $1,486; 2022 — $1,472)Intangibles, less accumulated amortization (2023 — $1,486; 2022 — $1,472)2,735 2,762 
Restricted cashRestricted cash208 213 Restricted cash240 210 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes673 631 Deferred income taxes— 62 
Investments in affiliates and other, less allowance for credit losses (2022 — $695; 2021 —$622)1,285 1,420 
Investments in affiliates and other, less allowance for credit losses (2023 — $27; 2022 —$21)Investments in affiliates and other, less allowance for credit losses (2023 — $27; 2022 —$21)1,404 1,373 
Total other assetsTotal other assets9,465 9,594 Total other assets8,906 8,934 
Total assetsTotal assets$68,940 $68,147 Total assets$73,153 $67,329 

(continued on next page)
11

UNITED AIRLINES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(In millions, except shares)
 
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021 September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITYLIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITYLIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
Current liabilities:Current liabilities:Current liabilities:
Accounts payableAccounts payable$3,534 $2,562 Accounts payable$4,206 $3,395 
Accrued salaries and benefitsAccrued salaries and benefits1,841 2,121 Accrued salaries and benefits3,815 1,971 
Advance ticket salesAdvance ticket sales8,747 6,354 Advance ticket sales8,392 7,555 
Frequent flyer deferred revenueFrequent flyer deferred revenue2,642 2,239 Frequent flyer deferred revenue2,969 2,693 
Current maturities of long-term debtCurrent maturities of long-term debt2,955 3,002 Current maturities of long-term debt3,649 2,911 
Current maturities of other financial liabilities906 834 
Current maturities of operating leasesCurrent maturities of operating leases546 556 Current maturities of operating leases598 561 
Current maturities of finance leasesCurrent maturities of finance leases72 76 Current maturities of finance leases271 104 
Current maturities of other financial liabilitiesCurrent maturities of other financial liabilities44 23 
OtherOther749 563 Other814 781 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities21,992 18,307 Total current liabilities24,758 19,994 
Long-term debtLong-term debt28,490 30,361 Long-term debt25,932 28,283 
Long-term obligations under operating leasesLong-term obligations under operating leases4,803 5,152 Long-term obligations under operating leases4,493 4,459 
Long-term obligations under finance leasesLong-term obligations under finance leases112 219 Long-term obligations under finance leases71 115 
Other liabilities and deferred credits:Other liabilities and deferred credits:Other liabilities and deferred credits:
Frequent flyer deferred revenueFrequent flyer deferred revenue3,936 4,043 Frequent flyer deferred revenue4,107 3,982 
Pension liabilityPension liability1,948 1,920 Pension liability800 747 
Postretirement benefit liabilityPostretirement benefit liability946 1,000 Postretirement benefit liability621 671 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes500 — 
Other financial liabilitiesOther financial liabilities492 863 Other financial liabilities1,648 844 
OtherOther1,355 1,284 Other1,400 1,369 
Total other liabilities and deferred creditsTotal other liabilities and deferred credits8,677 9,110 Total other liabilities and deferred credits9,076 7,613 
Commitments and contingenciesCommitments and contingenciesCommitments and contingencies
Stockholder's equity:Stockholder's equity:Stockholder's equity:
Common stock at par, $0.01 par value; authorized 1,000 shares; issued and outstanding 1,000 shares at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021— — 
Common stock at par, $0.01 par value; authorized 1,000 shares; issued and outstanding 1,000 shares at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022Common stock at par, $0.01 par value; authorized 1,000 shares; issued and outstanding 1,000 shares at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022— — 
Additional capital investedAdditional capital invested387 317 Additional capital invested458 403 
Retained earningsRetained earnings2,872 2,977 Retained earnings5,735 3,716 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(964)(942)
Accumulated other comprehensive incomeAccumulated other comprehensive income91 175 
Payable to parentPayable to parent2,571 2,646 Payable to parent2,539 2,571 
Total stockholder's equityTotal stockholder's equity4,866 4,998 Total stockholder's equity8,823 6,865 
Total liabilities and stockholder's equityTotal liabilities and stockholder's equity$68,940 $68,147 Total liabilities and stockholder's equity$73,153 $67,329 

The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.





12

UNITED AIRLINES, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(In millions)
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20222021 20232022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:Cash Flows from Operating Activities:Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities$4,834 $2,309 Net cash provided by operating activities$7,790 $4,834 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:Cash Flows from Investing Activities:Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Capital expenditures, net of flight equipment purchase deposit returnsCapital expenditures, net of flight equipment purchase deposit returns(2,280)(1,571)Capital expenditures, net of flight equipment purchase deposit returns(5,105)(2,280)
Purchases of short-term and other investmentsPurchases of short-term and other investments(8,384)(47)Purchases of short-term and other investments(8,875)(8,384)
Proceeds from sale of short-term and other investmentsProceeds from sale of short-term and other investments1,061 271 Proceeds from sale of short-term and other investments8,614 1,061 
Proceeds from sale of property and equipmentProceeds from sale of property and equipment184 25 Proceeds from sale of property and equipment20 184 
Other, netOther, net(23)(2)Other, net(17)(23)
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(9,442) (1,324)Net cash used in investing activities(5,363) (9,442)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:Cash Flows from Financing Activities:Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of debt, net of discounts and fees210 11,098 
Proceeds from issuance of parent company stock— 532 
Proceeds from issuance of debt and other financing liabilities, net of discounts and feesProceeds from issuance of debt and other financing liabilities, net of discounts and fees1,685 210 
Payments of long-term debt, finance leases and other financing liabilitiesPayments of long-term debt, finance leases and other financing liabilities(2,605)(4,632)Payments of long-term debt, finance leases and other financing liabilities(3,423)(2,605)
Other, netOther, net(3)— Other, net— (3)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(2,398)6,998 
Net cash used in financing activitiesNet cash used in financing activities(1,738)(2,398)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashNet increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(7,006)7,983 Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash689 (7,006)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the periodCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period18,533 11,742 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period7,421 18,533 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period (a)Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period (a)$11,527 $19,725 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period (a)$8,110 $11,527 
Investing and Financing Activities Not Affecting Cash:Investing and Financing Activities Not Affecting Cash:Investing and Financing Activities Not Affecting Cash:
Property and equipment acquired through the issuance of debt, finance leases and otherProperty and equipment acquired through the issuance of debt, finance leases and other$— $801 Property and equipment acquired through the issuance of debt, finance leases and other$677 $— 
Right-of-use assets acquired through operating leasesRight-of-use assets acquired through operating leases470 98 
Lease modifications and lease conversionsLease modifications and lease conversions61 111 Lease modifications and lease conversions438 61 
Right-of-use assets acquired through operating leases98 627 
Investment interests received in exchange for goods and servicesInvestment interests received in exchange for goods and services93 129Investment interests received in exchange for goods and services25 93 

(a) The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to amounts reported within the consolidated balance sheet:
Current assets:Current assets:Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$11,258 $19,256 Cash and cash equivalents$7,478 $11,258 
Restricted cash — CurrentRestricted cash — Current61 254 Restricted cash — Current392 61 
Restricted cash — Non-CurrentRestricted cash — Non-Current208 215 Restricted cash — Non-Current240 208 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashTotal cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$11,527 $19,725 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$8,110 $11,527 

The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
13

UNITED AIRLINES, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(In millions)
Additional
Capital Invested
Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Payable to ParentTotal Additional
Capital Invested
Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Payable to ParentTotal
Balance at June 30, 2023Balance at June 30, 2023$435 $4,597 $103 $2,539 $7,674 
Net incomeNet income— 1,138 — — 1,138 
Other comprehensive lossOther comprehensive loss— — (12)— (12)
Stock-settled share-based compensationStock-settled share-based compensation23 — — — 23 
Balance at September 30, 2023Balance at September 30, 2023$458 $5,735 $91 $2,539 $8,823 
Balance at December 31, 2022Balance at December 31, 2022$403 $3,716 $175 $2,571 $6,865 
Net incomeNet income— 2,019 — — 2,019 
Other comprehensive lossOther comprehensive loss— — (84)— (84)
Stock-settled share-based compensationStock-settled share-based compensation55 — — — 55 
OtherOther— — — (32)(32)
Balance at September 30, 2023Balance at September 30, 2023$458 $5,735 $91 $2,539 $8,823 
Additional
Capital Invested
Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Payable to ParentTotal
Balance at June 30, 2022$373 $1,930 $(944)$2,574 $3,933 
Net incomeNet income— 942 — — 942 Net income— 942 — — 942 
Other comprehensive lossOther comprehensive loss— — (20)— (20)Other comprehensive loss— — (20)— (20)
Stock-settled share-based compensationStock-settled share-based compensation14 — — — 14 Stock-settled share-based compensation14 — — — 14 
OtherOther— — — (3)(3)Other— — — (3)(3)
Balance at September 30, 2022Balance at September 30, 2022$387 $2,872 $(964)$2,571 $4,866 Balance at September 30, 2022$387 $2,872 $(964)$2,571 $4,866 
Balance at December 31, 2021Balance at December 31, 2021$317 $2,977 $(942)$2,646 $4,998 Balance at December 31, 2021$317 $2,977 $(942)$2,646 $4,998 
Net lossNet loss— (105)— — (105)Net loss— (105)— — (105)
Other comprehensive lossOther comprehensive loss— — (22)— (22)Other comprehensive loss— — (22)— (22)
Stock-settled share-based compensationStock-settled share-based compensation70 — — — 70 Stock-settled share-based compensation70 — — — 70 
OtherOther— — — (75)(75)Other— — — (75)(75)
Balance at September 30, 2022Balance at September 30, 2022$387 $2,872 $(964)$2,571 $4,866 Balance at September 30, 2022$387 $2,872 $(964)$2,571 $4,866 
Balance at June 30, 2021$185 $3,148 $(1,114)$2,653 $4,872 
Net income— 474 — — 474 
Other comprehensive loss— — (10)— (10)
Stock-settled share-based compensation69 — — — 69 
Other— — — (6)(6)
Balance at September 30, 2021$254 $3,622 $(1,124)$2,647 $5,399 
Balance at December 31, 2020$85 $4,939 $(1,139)$2,043 $5,928 
Net loss— (1,317)— — (1,317)
Other comprehensive income— — 15 — 15 
Stock-settled share-based compensation169 — — — 169 
Impact of UAL common stock issuance— — — 532 532 
Other— — — 72 72 
Balance at September 30, 2021$254 $3,622 $(1,124)$2,647 $5,399 



The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
14

UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC. AND UNITED AIRLINES, INC.
COMBINED NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
United Airlines Holdings, Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, "UAL" or the "Company") is a holding company and its principal, wholly-owned subsidiary is United Airlines, Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, "United"). This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is a combined report of UAL and United, including their respective consolidated financial statements. As UAL consolidates United for financial statement purposes, disclosures that relate to activities of United also apply to UAL, unless otherwise noted. United's operating revenues and operating expenses comprise nearly 100% of UAL's revenues and operating expenses. In addition, United comprises approximately the entire balance of UAL's assets, liabilities and operating cash flows. When appropriate, UAL and United are named specifically for their individual contractual obligations and related disclosures, and any significant differences between the operations and results of UAL and United are separately disclosed and explained. We sometimes use the words "we," "our," "us," and the "Company" in this report for disclosures that relate to all of UAL and United.
The UAL and United unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements shown here have been prepared as required by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Some information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements that comply with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") have been condensed or omitted as permitted by the SEC. The financial statements include all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments and other adjustments, which are considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company's financial position and results of operations for interim periods presented. The UAL and United financial statements should be read together with the information included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 (the "2021 Form 10-K").2022. The Company's quarterly financial data is subject to seasonal fluctuations. Historically its second and third quarter financial results have reflected higher travel demand, and were better than its first and fourth quarter financial results.
NOTE 1 — REVENUE
Revenue by Geography. The table below presents the Company's operating revenue by principal geographic region (as defined by the U.S. Department of Transportation) (in millions):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
Domestic (U.S. and Canada)Domestic (U.S. and Canada)$7,718 $5,412 $20,623 $11,290 Domestic (U.S. and Canada)$8,379 $7,718 $23,963 $20,623 
AtlanticAtlantic3,186 1,116 6,756 2,111 Atlantic3,543 3,186 8,604 6,756 
Latin AmericaLatin America1,162 849 3,266 1,968 Latin America1,184 1,162 3,773 3,266 
PacificPacific811 373 1,910 1,073 Pacific1,378 811 3,751 1,910 
TotalTotal$12,877 $7,750 $32,555 $16,442 Total$14,484 $12,877 $40,091 $32,555 
Advance Ticket Sales. The Company defers amounts related to future travel in its Advance ticket sales liability account. All tickets sold at any given point in time have travel dates through the next 12 months. The Company defers amounts related to future travel in its Advance ticket sales liability account. The Company's Advance ticket sales liability also includes credits issued to customers onfor future flight creditsflights ("FFCs") and electronic travel certificates ("ETCs"), primarily for ticket cancellations, which can be applied towards a purchase of a new ticket. FFCs and ETCs are valid up to one year from the date of issuance; however, all credits issued on or before December 31, 2022 have been extended to December 31, 2023. The Company is unable to estimate the amount of the FFCs and ETCs that will be used within the next 12 months and has classified the entire amount of the Advance ticket sales liability in current liabilities even though some of the FFCs and ETCs could be used after the next 12 months.
The Company estimates the value of Advance ticketsticket sales that will expire unused ("breakage") and recognizes revenue atin proportion to the scheduled flight date.usage of the related tickets. To determine breakage, the Company uses its historical experience with expired tickets and certificates and other facts, such as recent aging trends, program changes and modifications that could affect the ultimate expiration patterns of tickets. Given the uncertainty of travel demand caused by the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic, changespatterns. Changes in our estimates of FFCs and ETCs that may expire unused could have a significantmaterial impact on revenue. Changes in estimates of breakage are recognized prospectively in proportion to the remaining usage of the related tickets.
In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized approximately $5.1$5.3 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively, of passenger revenue for tickets that were included in Advance ticket sales at the beginning of those periods. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized approximately $2.8 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively, of passenger revenue for tickets that were included in Advance ticket sales at the beginning of those periods.
15

Ancillary Fees. The Company charges fees, separately from ticket sales, for certain ancillary services that are directly related to passengers' travel, such as baggage fees, premium seats,seat fees, inflight amenitiesamenity fees and other ticket-related fees. These ancillary fees are part of the travel performance obligation and, as such, are recognized as passenger revenue when the travel occurs. The Company recorded $1.1 billion and $3.0 billion of ancillary fees within passenger revenue in the three and nine months ended
15

September 30, 2023, respectively. The Company recorded $0.9 billion and $2.4 billion of ancillary fees within passenger revenue in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The Company recorded $0.7 billion and $1.5 billion of ancillary fees within passenger revenue in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
Frequent Flyer Accounting. The table below presents a roll forward of Frequent flyer deferred revenue (in millions):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
Total Frequent flyer deferred revenue - beginning balanceTotal Frequent flyer deferred revenue - beginning balance$6,495 $6,185 $6,282 $5,975 Total Frequent flyer deferred revenue - beginning balance$7,024 $6,495 $6,675 $6,282 
Total miles awardedTotal miles awarded705 439 1,848 1,071 Total miles awarded816 705 2,465 1,848 
Travel miles redeemedTravel miles redeemed(601)(391)(1,489)(781)Travel miles redeemed(740)(601)(1,983)(1,489)
Non-travel miles redeemedNon-travel miles redeemed(21)(16)(63)(48)Non-travel miles redeemed(24)(21)(81)(63)
Total Frequent flyer deferred revenue - ending balanceTotal Frequent flyer deferred revenue - ending balance$6,578 $6,217 $6,578 $6,217 Total Frequent flyer deferred revenue - ending balance$7,076 $6,578 $7,076 $6,578 
In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022,2023, the Company recognized, in Other operating revenue, $0.6$0.7 billion and $1.7$2.0 billion, respectively, related to the marketing, advertising, non-travel miles redeemed (net of related costs) and other travel-related benefits of the mileage revenue associated with our various partner agreements including, but not limited to, our JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. MileagePlus co-brand agreement. The Company recognized $0.5$0.6 billion and $1.3$1.7 billion, respectively, in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021,2022, related to those agreements. The portion related to the MileagePlus miles awarded of the total amounts received from our various partner agreements is deferred and presented in the table above as an increase to the frequentFrequent flyer liability.deferred revenue. We determine the current portion of our frequent flyer liabilitythat account based on expected redemptions in the next 12 months.
NOTE 2 — EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
The computations of UAL's basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share are set forth below (in millions, except per share amounts):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Earnings (loss) available to common stockholdersEarnings (loss) available to common stockholders$942 $473 $(106)$(1,318)Earnings (loss) available to common stockholders$1,137 $942 $2,018 $(106)
Basic weighted-average shares outstandingBasic weighted-average shares outstanding326.8 323.7 326.2 321.3 Basic weighted-average shares outstanding328.0 326.8 327.8 326.2 
Dilutive effect of stock warrants (a)Dilutive effect of stock warrants (a)2.7 1.0 2.5 — 
Dilutive effect of employee stock awardsDilutive effect of employee stock awards1.7 3.0 — — Dilutive effect of employee stock awards1.7 1.7 1.5 — 
Dilutive effect of stock warrants1.0 2.3 — — 
Diluted weighted-average shares outstandingDiluted weighted-average shares outstanding329.5 329.0 326.2 321.3 Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding332.4 329.5 331.8 326.2 
Earnings (loss) per share, basicEarnings (loss) per share, basic$2.88 $1.46 $(0.33)$(4.10)Earnings (loss) per share, basic$3.47 $2.88 $6.16 $(0.33)
Earnings (loss) per share, dilutedEarnings (loss) per share, diluted$2.86 $1.44 $(0.33)$(4.10)Earnings (loss) per share, diluted$3.42 $2.86 $6.08 $(0.33)
Potentially dilutive securities (a)(b)Potentially dilutive securities (a)(b)Potentially dilutive securities (a)(b)
Stock warrants (b)(a)Stock warrants (b)(a)3.5 1.5 3.5 0.7 Stock warrants (b)(a)1.5 3.5 1.5 3.5 
Employee stock awardsEmployee stock awards0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Employee stock awards0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 
(a) Weighted-average potentially dilutive securities outstanding excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the securities would have had an antidilutive effect.
(b) Represent warrants issued to the U.S. Treasury Department ("Treasury") pursuant to the payroll support program, including extensions, and the loan program established under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"). The Company issued, to Treasury, warrants to purchase up to approximately 10 million shares of UAL common stock at exercise prices ranging from $31.50 to $53.92 and expiration dates ranging from April 20, 2025 to June 10, 2026. All warrants were outstanding as of September 30, 2022.
(a) Represent warrants issued to the U.S. Treasury Department ("Treasury") pursuant to the payroll support program, including extensions, and the loan program established under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. The Company issued, to Treasury, warrants to purchase up to approximately 10 million shares of UAL common stock at exercise prices ranging from $31.50 to $53.92 and expiration dates ranging from April 20, 2025 to June 10, 2026. All warrants were outstanding as of September 30, 2023.(a) Represent warrants issued to the U.S. Treasury Department ("Treasury") pursuant to the payroll support program, including extensions, and the loan program established under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. The Company issued, to Treasury, warrants to purchase up to approximately 10 million shares of UAL common stock at exercise prices ranging from $31.50 to $53.92 and expiration dates ranging from April 20, 2025 to June 10, 2026. All warrants were outstanding as of September 30, 2023.
(b) Weighted-average potentially dilutive securities outstanding excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the securities would have had an antidilutive effect.(b) Weighted-average potentially dilutive securities outstanding excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the securities would have had an antidilutive effect.
On March 3, 2021, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement (the "Distribution Agreement") with several financial institutions (collectively, the "Managers"), relating to the issuance and sale from time to time by UAL (the "2021 ATM Offering"), through the Managers, of up to 37 million shares of UAL common stock (the "2021 ATM Shares"). Sales of the 2021 ATM Shares under the Distribution Agreement were allowed to be made in any transactions that were deemed to be "at the market offerings" as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. During 2021, approximately
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4 million shares were sold in the 2021 ATM Offering at an average price of $57.50 per share, with net proceeds to the Company totaling approximately $250 million. No shares were sold in 2022 or 2023 under the 2021 ATM Offering, which expired in March 2023.
NOTE 3 — ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The table below presents the components of the Company's accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax ("AOCI") (in millions):
Pension and Other Postretirement LiabilitiesInvestments and OtherDeferred Taxes (a)TotalPension and Other Postretirement LiabilitiesInvestments and OtherDeferred Taxes (a)Total
Balance at June 30, 2023Balance at June 30, 2023$539 $(39)$(397)$103 
Changes in valueChanges in value10 (3)14 
Amounts reclassified to earningsAmounts reclassified to earnings(33)(b)— (26)
Balance at September 30, 2023Balance at September 30, 2023$513 $(29)$(393)$91 
Balance at December 31, 2022Balance at December 31, 2022$626 $(35)$(416)$175 
Changes in valueChanges in value(10)(3)
Amounts reclassified to earningsAmounts reclassified to earnings(103)(b)— 22 (81)
Balance at September 30, 2023Balance at September 30, 2023$513 $(29)$(393)$91 
Pension and Other Postretirement LiabilitiesInvestments and OtherDeferred Taxes (a)Total
Balance at June 30, 2022$(834)$(14)$(96)$(944)
Changes in valueChanges in value(1)(25)(20)Changes in value(1)(25)(20)
Amounts reclassified to earningsAmounts reclassified to earnings— (b)— — — Amounts reclassified to earnings— (b)— — — 
Balance at September 30, 2022Balance at September 30, 2022$(835)$(39)$(90)$(964)Balance at September 30, 2022$(835)$(39)$(90)$(964)
Balance at December 31, 2021Balance at December 31, 2021$(847)$— $(95)$(942)Balance at December 31, 2021$(847)$— $(95)$(942)
Changes in valueChanges in value13 (39)(21)Changes in value13 (39)(21)
Amounts reclassified to earningsAmounts reclassified to earnings(1)(b)— — (1)Amounts reclassified to earnings(1)(b)— — (1)
Balance at September 30, 2022Balance at September 30, 2022$(835)$(39)$(90)$(964)Balance at September 30, 2022$(835)$(39)$(90)$(964)
Balance at June 30, 2021$(1,068)$$(47)$(1,114)
Changes in value(19)(1)(16)
Amounts reclassified to earnings(b)— (1)
Balance at September 30, 2021$(1,080)$— $(44)$(1,124)
Balance at December 31, 2020$(1,102)$$(39)$(1,139)
Changes in value(2)(1)
Amounts reclassified to earnings17 (b)— (4)13 
Balance at September 30, 2021$(1,080)$— $(44)$(1,124)
(a) Includes approximately $285 million of deferred income tax expense that will not be recognized in net income until the related pension and other postretirement benefit obligations are fully extinguished. We consider all income sources, including other comprehensive income, in determining the amount of tax benefit allocated to results from operations.
(b) This AOCI component is included in the computation of net periodic pension and other postretirement costs, specifically the following components: amortization of unrecognized (gain) loss, amortization of prior service credit and other (see Note 5 of this report for additional information).
NOTE 4 — INCOME TAXES
The Company's effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20222023 were 18.3%23.4% and 24.3%22.9%, respectively. The Company's effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20212022 were 21.6%18.3% and 23.0%24.3%, respectively. The provision for income taxes is based on the estimated annual effective tax rate, which represents a blend of federal, state and foreign taxes and includes the impact of certain nondeductible items.
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NOTE 5 — EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans. The Company's net periodic benefit cost includes the following components for the three months ended September 30 (in millions):
Pension BenefitsOther Postretirement BenefitsAffected Line Item
in the Statements of
 Consolidated Operations
Pension BenefitsOther Postretirement BenefitsAffected Line Item
in the Statements of
 Consolidated Operations
20222021202220212023202220232022
Service costService cost$51 $59 $$Salaries and related costsService cost$31 $51 $$Salaries and related costs
Interest costInterest cost47 46 Miscellaneous, netInterest cost53 47 10 Miscellaneous, net
Expected return on plan assetsExpected return on plan assets(76)(70)— — Miscellaneous, netExpected return on plan assets(62)(76)— — Miscellaneous, net
Amortization of unrecognized (gain) lossAmortization of unrecognized (gain) loss29 42 (3)(7)Miscellaneous, netAmortization of unrecognized (gain) loss29 (9)(3)Miscellaneous, net
Amortization of prior service creditAmortization of prior service credit— — (28)(30)Miscellaneous, netAmortization of prior service credit— (28)(28)Miscellaneous, net
OtherOther— — Miscellaneous, netOther— — Miscellaneous, net
TotalTotal$53 $79 $(21)$(29)Total$26 $53 $(26)$(21)
The Company's net periodic benefit cost includes the following components for the nine months ended September 30 (in millions):
Pension BenefitsOther Postretirement BenefitsAffected Line Item
in the Statements of
 Consolidated Operations
2023202220232022
Service cost$93 $153 $$Salaries and related costs
Interest cost163 141 31 23 Miscellaneous, net
Expected return on plan assets(188)(230)(1)(1)Miscellaneous, net
Amortization of unrecognized (gain) loss90 (28)(10)Miscellaneous, net
Amortization of prior service credit— (84)(84)Miscellaneous, net
Other— — Miscellaneous, net
Total$77 $157 $(79)$(66)
Pension BenefitsOther Postretirement BenefitsAffected Line Item
in the Statements of
 Consolidated Operations
2022202120222021
Service cost$153 $179 $$Salaries and related costs
Interest cost141 138 23 19 Miscellaneous, net
Expected return on plan assets(230)(212)(1)(1)Miscellaneous, net
Amortization of unrecognized (gain) loss90 127 (10)(21)Miscellaneous, net
Amortization of prior service credit— — (84)(92)Miscellaneous, net
Special termination benefits— — — 46 Miscellaneous, net
Other— — Miscellaneous, net
Total$157 $235 $(66)$(42)
DuringProfit Sharing. Substantially all employees participate in profit sharing based on a percentage of pre-tax earnings, excluding special or non-recurring charges, profit sharing expense and share-based compensation. Profit sharing percentages range from 5% to 20% depending on the first quarterwork group, and in some cases profit sharing percentages vary above and below certain thresholds. As part of 2021, the new collective bargaining agreement with the Air Line Pilots Association ("ALPA"), the thresholds were lowered retroactive to January 1, 2023 for the pilot work group. Eligible U.S. co-workers in each participating work group receive a profit sharing payout using a formula based on the ratio of each qualified co-worker's annual eligible earnings to the eligible earnings of all qualified co-workers in all domestic work groups. Eligible non-U.S. co-workers receive profit sharing based on the calculation under the U.S. profit sharing plan for management and administrative employees. The Company offered special separation benefitsrecorded profit sharing and related payroll tax expense of $301 million and $521 million in the formthree and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The Company recorded profit sharing expense of additional subsidies for retiree medical$8 million in both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Profit sharing expense is recorded as a component of Salaries and related costs for certain U.S.-based front-line employees. The subsidies are in the formCompany's statements of a one-time contribution to a notional Retiree Health Account of $125,000 for full-time employees and $75,000 for part-time employees. As a result, the Company recorded $46 million for those additional benefits.consolidated operations.
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NOTE 6 — FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The table below presents disclosures about the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis in UAL's financial statements (in millions):
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$11,258 $11,258 $— $— $18,283 $18,283 $— $— Cash and cash equivalents$7,478 $7,478 $— $— $7,166 $7,166 $— $— 
Restricted cash - currentRestricted cash - current61 61 — — 37 37 — — Restricted cash - current392 392 — — 45 45 — — 
Restricted cash - non-currentRestricted cash - non-current208 208 — — 213 213 — — Restricted cash - non-current240 240 — — 210 210 — — 
Short-term investments:Short-term investments:Short-term investments:
U.S. government and agency notesU.S. government and agency notes6,954 — 6,954 — — — U.S. government and agency notes9,506 — 9,506 — 8,914 — 8,914 — 
Asset-backed securitiesAsset-backed securities460 — 460 — 26 — 26 — Asset-backed securities29 — 29 — 325 — 325 — 
Certificates of deposit placed through an account registry service ("CDARS")Certificates of deposit placed through an account registry service ("CDARS")73 — 73 — — — — — 
Corporate debtCorporate debt23 — 23 — 95 — 95 — Corporate debt— — — — — — 
Long-term investments:Long-term investments:Long-term investments:
Equity securitiesEquity securities156 156 — — 229 229 — — Equity securities163 163 — — 189 189 — — 
Investments presented in the table above have the same fair value as their carrying value.
Restricted cash - current — Primarily includes amounts to be used for the payment of fees, principal and interest on senior secured notes and a secured term loan facility (the "MileagePlus Financing") secured by substantially all of the assets of Mileage Plus Holdings, LLC, a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of United.
Restricted cash - non-current — Primarily includes collateral associated with the MileagePlus Financing, collateral for letters of credit and collateral associated with facility leases and other insurance-related obligations.
Short-term investments — The short-term investments shown in the table above are classified as available-for-sale and have remaining maturities of approximately one year18 months or less.
Long-term investments: Equity securities — Represents equity and equity-linked securities (such as vested warrants) that make up United's investments in Azul Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras S.A., Clear Secure, Inc., Archer Aviation Inc., Eve Holding, Inc., Mesa Air Group, Inc. and Eve Holding,Clear Secure, Inc.
Other fair value information. The table below presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of financial instruments not presented in the tables above (in millions). Carrying amounts include any related discounts, premiums and issuance costs:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Carrying AmountFair ValueCarrying AmountFair Value
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Long-term debt$31,445 $28,951 $— $24,109 $4,842 $33,363 $34,550 $— $29,088 $5,462 
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Carrying AmountFair ValueCarrying AmountFair Value
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Long-term debt$29,581 $28,386 $— $22,726 $5,660 $31,194 $29,371 $— $23,990 $5,381 
Fair value of the financial instruments included in the tables above was determined as follows:
DescriptionFair Value Methodology
Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash (current and non-current)The carrying amounts of these assets approximate fair value.
Short-term investments and Equity securitiesLong-term investmentsFair value is based on (a) the trading prices of the investment or similar instruments (b) an income approach, which uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts into a single present amount based on current market expectations about those future amounts when observable trading prices are not available, or (c)(b) broker quotes obtained by third-party valuation services.
Long-term debtFair values were based on either market prices or the discounted amount of future cash flows using our current incremental rate of borrowing for similar liabilities or assets.
Investments in Regional Carriers.Equity Method Investments. As of September 30, 2022,2023, United holds the following investments, in two regional carriers that flyaccounted for using the Company as United Express under its capacity purchase agreements ("CPAs"). Theequity method, with a combined carrying value of the investments was approximately $183 million as of September 30, 2022. United accounts for each investment using the equity method.$232 million:
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CommuteAir LLC. United owns a 40% minority ownership stake in CommuteAir LLC. CommuteAir currently operates 53 regional aircraft under a capacity purchase agreement ("CPA") that has a term through 2026.
Republic Airways Holdings Inc. United holds a 19% minority interest in Republic Airways Holdings Inc., which is the parent company of Republic Airways Inc. ("Republic"). Republic currently operates 66 regional aircraft under CPAs that have terms through 2036.
United Airlines Ventures Sustainable Flight Fund (the "Fund"). During the first quarter of 2023, United launched, through its corporate venture capital arm, United Airlines Ventures ("UAV"), an investment vehicle designed to support start-ups focused on decarbonizing air travel by accelerating the research, production and technologies associated with sustainable aviation fuel ("SAF"). The Fund started with more than $100 million in commitments from United and other corporate investors, collectively, as limited partners. UAV transferred certain of its existing SAF investments to the Fund's portfolio. As of September 30, 2023, the Company indirectly holds a 38% ownership interest in the Fund and the Fund has approximately $200 million in commitments from United and other corporate investors.
Other Investments. As of September 30, 2023, United holdshas equity investments in Abra Group Limited, a multinational airline holding company, JetSuiteX, Inc., an independent air carrier doing business as JSX as well as a number of companies with emerging technologies and sustainable solutions. United also has equity investments in Avianca Group International Limited, a multinational airline holding company, and JetSuiteX, Inc., an independent air carrier doing business as JSX. None of these investments have readily determinable fair values. We account for these investments at cost less impairment, adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. As of September 30, 2022,2023, the carrying value of these investments was $330$425 million.
NOTE 7 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Commitments. As of September 30, 2022,2023, United had firm commitments and options to purchase aircraft from The Boeing Company ("Boeing") and Airbus S.A.S. ("Airbus") as presented in the table below:
Scheduled Aircraft Deliveries
Aircraft TypeNumber of Firm
 Commitments (a)
Last Three Months
of 2022
2023After 2023
Airbus A321XLR50 — — 50 
Airbus A321neo70 — 12 58 
Airbus A35045 — — 45 
Boeing 737 MAX353 27 121 205 
Boeing 787— — 
(a) United also has options and purchase rights for additional aircraft.
Contractual Aircraft DeliveriesExpected Aircraft Deliveries (b)
Aircraft TypeNumber of Firm
 Commitments (a)
Last Three Months
of 2023
2024After 2024Last Three Months
of 2023
2024After 2024
787150 — 142 — 142 
737 MAX374 73 100 201 20 77 277 
A321neo130 26 100 26 100 
A321XLR50 — — 50 — — 50 
A35045 — — 45 — — 45 
(a) United also has options and purchase rights for additional aircraft.
(b) Expected aircraft deliveries reflect adjustments communicated by Boeing and Airbus or estimated by United.
The aircraft listed in the table above are scheduled for delivery through 2030.2033. The amount and timing of the Company's future capital commitments could change to the extent that: (i) the Company and the aircraft manufacturers, with whom the Company has existing orders for new aircraft, agree to modify the contracts governing those orders; (ii) rights are exercised pursuant to the relevant agreements to cancel deliveries or modify the timing of deliveries; or (iii) the aircraft manufacturers are unable to deliver in accordance with the terms of those orders. Furthermore,
On September 28, 2023, United entered into a supplemental agreement with Boeing, notifiedpursuant to which United that threeexercised options to purchase 50 Boeing 787787-9 aircraft scheduled for delivery in 2022between 2028 and 152031 and was granted options to purchase up to an additional 50 Boeing 737 MAX787 aircraft. In addition, on September 29, 2023, United entered into an amendment to the A320 Family Purchase Agreement, dated December 19, 2019, as amended, with Airbus, pursuant to which United exercised purchase rights to purchase 60 A321neo aircraft scheduled for delivery in 2023, all as shown in thebetween 2028 and 2030 and was granted purchase rights to purchase up to an additional 40 A321neo aircraft. The table above are nowreflects the number of firm commitments related to these agreements as well as the contractual and expected aircraft deliveries.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, United entered into agreements with third parties to deliver in 2023finance through sale and 2024, respectively. In addition to Boeing’s notification, United estimates that seven additionalleaseback transactions new Boeing model 737 MAX aircraft scheduled for delivery in 2022, as shown in the table above, will deliver in 2023.
United intends to exercise optionssubject to purchase agreements between United and Boeing. For certain aircraft, United assigned its right to purchase such aircraft to the buyer, and simultaneous with the buyer's purchase from Boeing, United entered into a long-term lease for such aircraft with the buyer as lessor. Upon delivery of the aircraft in 2023, eight Boeing 737 MAX aircraft that are currently leased underthese sale and leaseback arrangements.
United has an agreement to purchase eight used Bombardier CRJ550 aircraft in the last three months of 2022.
The table below summarizes United's commitments as of September 30, 2022, which include aircraft and related spare engines, aircraft improvements and non-aircraft capital commitments. Aircraft commitments are based on contractual scheduled aircraft deliveries without any adjustments for the delays communicated by Boeing or estimated by United.
(in billions)
Last three months of 2022$3.0 
20238.4 
20246.9 
20254.4 
20263.4 
After 20268.5 
$34.6 
Legal Contingencies. The Company has certain contingencies resulting from litigation and claims incident to the ordinary course of business. As of September 30, 2022, management believes, after considering a number of factors, including (but not limited to) the information currently available, the views of legal counsel, the nature of the contingencies to whichtransactions, the Company is subject and prior experience, that its defenses and assertions in pending legal proceedings have merit and the ultimate dispositionaccounted for these aircraft as part of any pending matter will not materially affect the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The Company records liabilities for legal claims when it is probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable. These amounts are recorded basedFlight equipment on the Company's assessmentsconsolidated balance sheet and the related obligation recorded in Current maturities of the likelihood of their eventual disposition.other financial liabilities and Other financial liabilities since they did not qualify for sale recognition (failed sale and leaseback).
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As of September 30, 2023, United had additional leases for 47 Embraer E175/E175LL regional jets under a CPA, 12 A321neo mainline aircraft, airport facilities and office space, none of which had commenced as of such date. These leases will commence between fourth quarter 2023 and 2026 with lease terms of up to 12 years.
The table below summarizes United's firm commitments as of September 30, 2023, which include aircraft and related spare engines, aircraft improvements and non-aircraft capital commitments. Aircraft commitments are based on contractual scheduled aircraft deliveries without any adjustments communicated by Boeing and Airbus or estimated by United.
(in billions)
Last three months of 2023$4.6 
20248.8 
20258.0 
20266.1 
20275.0 
After 202729.6 
$62.1 
Regional CPAs. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022,2023, United amended several of its CPAs with certain of its regional carriers to increase the contractually agreed fees (carrier costs) paid to those carriers and to add additional aircraft that will replace existing aircraft near the end of their contractual terms. Separately, the Company recorded chargesterminated its CPA and related regional flight operations with Air Wisconsin in June 2023. Our future commitments under our CPAs are dependent on numerous variables, and are, therefore, difficult to predict. The most important of $94 million as a result of athese variables is the number of scheduled block hours. Although we are not required to purchase a minimum number of block hours under certain of our CPAs, we have set forth below estimates of our future payments under the CPAs based on our assumptions. The actual amounts we pay to our regional operators under CPAs could differ materially from these estimates. United's estimates of its future payments under all of the CPAs do not include the portion of the underlying obligation for any aircraft leased to a regional carrier, or deemed to be leased from other regional carriers, and facility rent. For purposes of calculating these estimates, we have assumed (1) the number of block hours flown is based on our anticipated level of flight activity or at any contractual minimum utilization levels if applicable, whichever is higher, (2) that we will reduce the fleet as rapidly as contractually allowed under each CPA, (3) that aircraft utilization, stage length and load factors will remain constant, (4) that each carrier's operational performance will remain at recent decisions, including one involving another carrier, that appear to impacthistoric levels and (5) an annual projected inflation rate. Based on these assumptions as of September 30, 2023, our estimated future payments through the Company's ability to successfully assert,end of the terms of our CPAs are presented in certain cases, that federal law preempts state and local laws that conflict with union contracts and/or federal requirements.the table below:
(in billions)
Last three months of 2023$0.6 
20242.2 
20251.9 
20262.1 
20271.6 
After 20275.7 
$14.1 
Guarantees. As of September 30, 2022,2023, United is the guarantor of approximately $2.0$1.9 billion in aggregate principal amount of tax-exempt special facilities revenue bonds and interest thereon. These bonds, issued by various airport municipalities, are payable solely from rentals paid under long-term agreements with the respective governing bodies. The leasing arrangements associated with these obligations are accounted for as operating leases recognized on the Company's consolidated balance sheet with the associated expense recorded on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. All of these bonds are due between 20232024 and 2041.
As of September 30, 2022,2023, United is the guarantor of $95$81 million of aircraft mortgage debt issued by one of United's regional carriers. The aircraft mortgage debt is subject to similar increased cost provisions as described below for the Company's debt, and the Company would potentially be responsible for those costs under the guarantees.
Increased Cost Provisions. In United's financing transactions that include loans in which United is the borrower, United typically agrees to reimburse lenders for any reduced returns with respect to the loans due to any change in capital requirements and, in the case of loans with respect to which the interest rate is based on the London Interbank OfferedSecured Overnight Financing Rate (LIBOR)(SOFR), for
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certain other increased costs that the lenders incur in carrying these loans as a result of any change in law, subject, in most cases, to obligations of the lenders to take certain limited steps to mitigate the requirement for, or the amount of, such increased costs. The Company elected to apply the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification 848, Reference Rate Reform, to contracts and transactions that transitioned from the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) to SOFR. The application of this guidance did not have any material impact on the Company's financial statements. At September 30, 2022,2023, the Company had $12.8$11.4 billion of floating rate debt with remaining terms of up to approximately 1012 years that are subject to these increased cost provisions. In several financing transactions involving loans or leases from non-U.S. entities, with remaining terms of up to approximately 1012 years and an aggregate balance of $9.7$8.2 billion, the Company bears the risk of any change in tax laws that would subject loan or lease payments thereunder to non-U.S. entities to withholding taxes, subject to customary exclusions.
Credit Card Processing Agreements. The Company has agreements with financial institutions that process customer credit card transactions for the sale of air travel and other services. Under certain of the Company's credit card processing agreements, the financial institutions in certain circumstances have the right to require that the Company maintain a reserve equal to a portion of advance ticket sales that has been processed by that financial institution, but for which the Company has not yet provided the air transportation. Such financial institutions may require additional cash or other collateral reserves to be established or additional withholding of payments related to receivables collected if the Company does not maintain certain minimum levels of unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments (collectively, "Unrestricted Liquidity"). The Company's level of Unrestricted Liquidity as of September 30, 2022 is substantially in excess of these minimum levels.
Labor. As of September 30, 2022,2023, the Company had approximately 90,800102,000 employees, of whom approximately 85%83% were represented by various U.S. labor organizations.
In January 2023, the Company's more than 8,000 technicians and related employees represented by the International Brotherhood of Teamsters ratified an extension to their labor contract with United. The agreement becomes amendable in December 2024 and includes a one-year early opener provision that allows for bargaining on a successor agreement to begin in December 2023.
In May 2023, nearly 30,000 fleet service, passenger service, storekeepers, maintenance instructors and fleet technical instructors and related employees represented by the International Association of Machinists & Aerospace Workers ("IAM") ratified five agreements with United. The ratified agreements are effective through 2025. The Company recorded a one-time $48 million expense in conjunction with the ratification. Negotiations with the IAM will continue for agreements to cover security guards in California and central load planners.
In September 2023, the Company's pilots represented by ALPA ratified an agreement with United. The agreement includes numerous work rule changes and pay rate increases during the four-year term. The agreement also includes a provision for a one-time $765 million payment upon ratification.
NOTE 8 — DEBT
As of September 30, 2022,2023, we had $1.75 billion undrawn and available under our revolving credit facility.
Our debt agreements contain customary terms and conditions as well as various affirmative, negative and financial covenants that, among other things, restrict the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness and pay dividends or repurchase stock. As of September 30, 2022,2023, UAL and United were in compliance with their respective debt covenants.
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Equipment Notes. On June 20, 2023, the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as subordination agent and pass through trustee (the "Trustee") under a certain pass through trust newly formed by the Company, entered into the Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 20, 2023 (the "Note Purchase Agreement"). The Note Purchase Agreement provides for the issuance by the Company of equipment notes (the "Equipment Notes") in the aggregate principal amount of $1.3 billion to finance 39 Boeing aircraft delivered new to the Company from August 2022 to May 2023. Pursuant to the Note Purchase Agreement, the Trustee purchased Equipment Notes issued under a trust indenture and mortgage (each, an "Indenture" and, collectively, the "Indentures") with respect to each aircraft entered into by the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as mortgagee. Each Indenture provides for the issuance of Equipment Notes in a single series, Series A, bearing interest at the rate of 5.80% per annum. The Equipment Notes were purchased by the Trustee, using the proceeds from the sale of Pass Through Certificates, Series 2023-1A, issued by a pass through trust newly-formed by the Company to facilitate the financing of the aircraft. The interest on the Equipment Notes is payable semi-annually on each January 15 and July 15, beginning on January 15, 2024. The principal payments on the Equipment Notes are scheduled on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on July 15, 2024. The final payments on the Equipment Notes will be due on January 15, 2036.

In the second quarter of 2023, United prepaid $1.0 billion of a 2021 term loan facility. See Note 9 for information related to charges recorded as a result of this prepayment.
The table below presents the Company's contractual principal payments (not including $412$303 million of unamortized debt discount, premiums and debt issuance costs) at September 30, 20222023 under then-outstanding long-term debt agreements (in millions):
Last three months of 2022$759 
20232,929 
20243,908 
20253,358 
20265,148 
After 202615,755 
$31,857 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, United borrowed $220 million aggregate principal amount from a financial institution to finance the purchase of aircraft. The notes evidencing these borrowings, which are secured by the related aircraft, mature in 2034 and have interest rates of 4%.
Last three months of 2023$739 
20243,958 
20253,442 
20265,235 
20272,464 
After 202714,046 
$29,884 
NOTE 9 — SPECIAL CHARGES (CREDITS)
For the three and nine months ended September 30, operating and nonoperating special charges (credits) and unrealized (gains) losses on investments in the statements of consolidated operations consisted of the following (in millions):
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
CARES Act grant$— $(1,132)$— $(4,021)
Severance and benefit costs— — 433 
Impairment of assets— 46 — 105 
(Gains) losses on sale of assets and other special charges20 (17)124 60 
Total operating special charges (credits)20 (1,098)124 (3,423)
Nonoperating unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net(28)34 12 (91)
Nonoperating debt extinguishment and modification fees— (12)50 
Nonoperating special termination benefits— — — 46 
Total nonoperating special charges and unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net(28)22 19 
Total operating and nonoperating special charges (credits) and unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net(8)(1,076)143 (3,418)
Income tax (benefit) expense, net of valuation allowance(7)274 (17)768 
Total operating and nonoperating special charges (credits) and unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net of income taxes$(15)$(802)$126 $(2,650)
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023202220232022
Labor contract ratification bonuses$$— $814 $— 
(Gains) losses on sale of assets and other special charges28 20 88 124 
Total operating special charges29 20 902 124 
Nonoperating unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net54 (28)(54)12 
Nonoperating debt extinguishment and modification fees— — 11 
Total nonoperating special charges and unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net54 (28)(43)19 
Total operating and nonoperating special charges and unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net83 (8)859 143 
Income tax benefit, net of valuation allowance(7)(7)(204)(17)
Total operating and nonoperating special charges and unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net of income taxes$76 $(15)$655 $126 
2023
Labor contract ratification bonuses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded $814 million of expense associated with the agreements with ALPA, IAM and other work groups. See Note 7 for additional information.
(Gains) losses on sale of assets and other special charges. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded $28 million and $88 million, respectively, of net charges primarily comprised of reserves for various legal
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matters, accelerated depreciation related to certain of the Company's assets that will be retired early, an impairment of flight training equipment that is being sold and other gains and losses on the sale of assets.
Nonoperating unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded losses of $54 million and gains of $54 million, respectively, primarily for the change in the market value of its investments in equity securities.
Nonoperating debt extinguishment and modification fees. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded $11 million of charges primarily related to the prepayment of $1.0 billion of the outstanding principal amount under a 2021 term loan facility.
2022
(Gains) losses on sale of assets and other special charges. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $20 million and $124 million, respectively, of net charges primarily comprised of $94 million for various legal matters. See Note 7 of this report for a discussion of the legal matters.
Nonoperating unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded gains of $28 million and losses of $12 million, respectively.respectively, primarily related to the change in the market value of its investments in equity securities.
Nonoperating debt extinguishment and modification fees. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $7 million of charges primarily related to the early redemption of $400 million of itsthe outstanding principal amount of theits 4.25% senior notes due 2022.
2021
CARES Act grant. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company received approximately $5.8 billion in funding pursuant to two Payroll Support Program Extension Agreements (collectively, the "PSP2 and PSP3 Agreements") under the CARES Act, which included approximately $1.7 billion aggregate principal amount of unsecured promissory notes.
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The Company recorded $1.1 billion and $4.0 billion as grant income in Special charges (credits) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The Company also recorded $99 million for warrants to purchase shares of UAL common stock issued to the U.S. Treasury Department as part of the PSP2 and PSP3 Agreements, within stockholders' equity, as an offset to the grant income in the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Severance and benefit costs. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded charges of $5 million and $433 million, respectively, related to pay continuation and benefits-related costs provided to employees who chose to voluntarily separate from the Company. The Company offered, based on employee group, age and completed years of service, pay continuation, health care coverage, and travel privileges. Approximately 4,500 employees elected to voluntarily separate from the Company.
Impairment of assets. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded $46 million of impairment charges for nine Airbus A319 aircraft and 13 Boeing 737-700 airframes as a result of market conditions for used aircraft. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, in addition to the third quarter 2021 impairments, the Company recorded $59 million of impairments primarily related to 64 Embraer EMB 145LR aircraft and related engines that United retired from its regional aircraft fleet. The decision to retire these aircraft was triggered by the United Next aircraft order.
(Gains) losses on sale of assets and other special charges. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded net gains of $17 million primarily related to gains on aircraft sale-leaseback transactions and aircraft component manufacturer credits. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded net charges of $60 million primarily related to incentives for certain of its front-line employees to receive a COVID-19 vaccination and the termination of the lease associated with three floors of its headquarters at the Willis Tower in Chicago in the first quarter of 2021, which were partially offset by the net gains in the third quarter of 2021 described above.
Nonoperating unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded losses of $34 million and gains of $91 million, respectively.
Nonoperating debt extinguishment and modification fees. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded $50 million of charges for fees and discounts related to the issuance of a new term loan and revolving credit facility and the prepayment of a CARES Act loan and a 2017 term loan and revolving credit facility.
Nonoperating special termination benefits. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as part of the first quarter 2021 voluntary leave programs, the Company recorded $46 million of special termination benefits in the form of additional subsidies for retiree medical costs for certain U.S.-based front-line employees. The subsidies were in the form of a one-time contribution into a notional Retiree Health Account of $125,000 for full-time employees and $75,000 for part-time employees.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is provided as a supplement to and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to enhance the understanding of our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Overview
United Airlines Holdings, Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, "UAL" or the "Company") is a holding company and its principal, wholly-owned subsidiary is United Airlines, Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, "United"). The Company's shared purpose is "Connecting People. Uniting the World." The Company has the most comprehensive route network among North American carriers, including U.S. mainland hubs in Chicago, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, New York/Newark, San Francisco and Washington, D.C.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is a combined report of UAL and United, including their respective consolidated financial statements. As UAL consolidates United for financial statement purposes, disclosures that relate to activities of United also apply to UAL, unless otherwise noted. United's operating revenues and operating expenses comprise nearly 100% of UAL's revenues and operating expenses. In addition, United comprises approximately the entire balance of UAL's assets, liabilities and operating cash flows. When appropriate, UAL and United are named specifically for their individual contractual obligations and related disclosures, and any significant differences between the operations and results of UAL and United are separately disclosed and explained. We sometimes use the words "we," "our," "us," and the "Company" in this report for disclosures that relate to all of UAL and United.
Our shared purpose is "Connecting People. Uniting the World." We have the most comprehensive route network among North American carriers, including U.S. mainland hubs in Chicago, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, New York/Newark, San Francisco and Washington, D.C. The Company transports people and cargo through its mainline operations, which utilize jet aircraft with at least 126 seats, and regional operations, which utilize smaller aircraft that are operated under contract by United Express carriers. The Company serves virtually every major market around the world, either directly or through participation in Star Alliance®, the world's largest airline alliance.
Given the more significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and operating results in 2020 and 2021, we believe that a comparison of our third quarter 2022 results to third quarter of 2019 results for certain key metrics in this financial overview discussion is more reflective of the impact of the pandemic.
Our current expectations described below are forward-looking statements and our actual results and timing may vary materially based on various factors that include, but are not limited to, those discussed below under "Economic and Market Factors", "Governmental Actions" and "Forward-Looking Information" and, in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20212022 (the "2021"2022 Form 10-K"). and in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors in this report. The Company discusses certain non-GAAP forward-looking projections and is unable to predict certain items containedfinancial measures that are not calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the corresponding GAAP measures without unreasonable efforts;United States of America ("GAAP"); refer to "Supplemental Information" below for further details. The results presented in this report are not necessarily indicative of future operating results.
Economic and Market Factors
The airline industry is highly competitive, marked by significant competition with respect to routes, fares, schedules (both timing and frequency), services, products, customer service and frequent flyer programs. We, like other companies in our industry, have been subject to these and other industry-specific competitive dynamics. In addition, our operations, supply chain, partners and suppliers have been subject to various global macroeconomic factors. We expect to continue to remain vulnerable to a number of industry-specific and global macroeconomic factors that may cause our actual results of operations to differ from our historical results of operations or current expectations. The economic and market factors and trends that we currently believe are or will be most impactful to our results of operations and financial condition include the following: the adverse impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic, including the gradual return of business travel demand to pre-COVID-19 levels; the execution risks associated with our United Next plan; the impact on the Company of significant operational challenges by third parties on which we rely; rising inflationary pressures; potential labor market and supply chain shortagesconstraints and related costs affecting us and our partners; volatile fuel prices;prices; aircraft delivery delays; the closure of our flying airspace and termination of other operations due to regional conflicts, including the continuation of the suspension of our overflying in Russian airspace as well as third-party general sales agent services in Russia as a result of the Russia-Ukraine military conflict and an escalation of the broader economic consequences of the conflict beyond their current scope; and changes in general economic conditions in the markets in which the Company operates, including an economic downturn leading to a decrease in demand for air travel or fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates that may impact international travel demand. We continue to monitor the potential favorable or unfavorable
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impacts of these and other factors on our business, operations, financial condition, and future results of operations, liquidity and financial flexibility, which are dependent on future developments, including as a result of those factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors, of the 2022 Form 10-K and in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors in the 2021 Form 10-K.this report. Our future results of operations may be subject to volatility and our growth plans may be delayed, particularly in the short term, due to the impact of the above factors and trends. For instance, we have delayed a portion of our previously planned capacity increases for full year 2022 and 2023 in response to several factors and trends noted above and may need to implement further modifications. However, we believe that the long-term outlook for the Company remains positive due to the expected continued return of travel demand. We believe that this expected long-term increase in demand will offset increased costs and that the expected operational challenges can be managed in a manner that will allow us to support increased demand.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic, together with the measures implemented or recommended by governmental authorities and private organizations in response to the pandemic, has had an adverse impact that has been material to the Company's business, operating results, financial condition and liquidity. The Company has seen increasing demand for travel both domestically and in countries where entry is permitted; however, as the situation surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic remains fluid, with intermittent periods of decelerated demand that have coincided with surges in the number of COVID-19 cases, it remains difficult to reasonably assess or predict the full extent of the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company's longer-term operational and financial performance, which will depend on a number of future developments, many of which are outside the Company's control, such as the ultimate duration of and factors impacting the long-term recovery from the pandemic (including the efficacy and speed of vaccination programs in curbing the spread of the virus in different markets, the efficacy and availability of various treatment options, the introduction and spread of new variants of the virus that may be resistant to currently approved vaccines or treatment options, and the continuation of existing or implementation of new government travel restrictions and testing requirements), customer behavior changes and fluctuations in demand for air travel, among others. The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken in response may continue to impact many aspects of our business, operating results, financial condition and liquidity in a number of ways, including labor shortages (including reductions in available skilled labor and related impacts to the Company's flight schedules and reputation), facility closures and related costs, disruptions to the Company's and its business partners' operations, reduced travel demand and consumer spending, increased fuel and other operating costs, supply chain disruptions, logistics constraints, inflation, volatility in the price of our securities, our ability to access capital markets and volatility in the global economy and financial markets generally.
We operated at approximately 90% of our third quarter 2019 capacity during the third quarter of 2022. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, we suspended portions of our international operations, but we resumed service to several international destinations as travel restrictions were eased and demand for travel increased. The Company has been taking steps to be prepared for recovery as demand for travel continues to generally increase, which have included investing in innovative technology, focusing on process improvements and implementing the United Next transformative strategy.
We have also taken steps to strengthen our financial position during this period of market uncertainty, which has resulted in an increase in our overall debt levels. As of September 30, 2022, unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $18.7 billion, an increase of approximately $13.6 billion from September 30, 2019. We had approximately $38.4 billion of debt, finance lease, operating lease and sale-leaseback obligations as of September 30, 2022 (including $4.5 billion that will become due in the next 12 months), up from approximately $18.2 billion as of September 30, 2019.
The Company's recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic has not followed a linear path, and due to the significant uncertainty that remains, its future operating performance, particularly in the short-term, may be subject to volatility. Risks and uncertainties related to the COVID-19 pandemic are further described in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors— "The COVID-19 pandemic has materially and adversely impacted our business, operating results, financial condition and liquidity. The full extent of the impact will depend on future developments and how quickly we can return to more normal operations, among other things. If the impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic extend beyond our assumed timelines, our actual results may vary significantly from our expectations" of the 2021 Form 10-K.
Strategic Operating Plan Execution. In the second quarter of 2021, United announced its United Next plan, which we believe will have a transformational effect on the customer experience and earnings power of the business. We continued executing our United Next plan during the third quarter of 2022. We believe United Next will allow us to differentiate our network and segment our products with a greater premium offering, while also maintaining fare competitiveness with low-cost carriers.
Third Quarter 2022 Overview
Capacity. Relative to the third quarter of 2019, the Company operated approximately 90% of its capacity for the third quarter of 2022 compared to approximately 72% of its capacity in the third quarter of 2021.
Operating revenue. For the third quarter of 2022, operating revenue increased by $1.5 billion, or 13.2%, versus the third quarter of 2019 and increased by $5.1 billion, or 66.2%, versus the third quarter of 2021 due to the ongoing recovery from the
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COVID-19 pandemic accompanied by an increaseGovernmental Actions
We operate in complex, highly regulated environments in the average yield.U.S., the European Union, the UK and other regions around the world. Compliance with laws, regulations, administrative practices and other restrictions or legal requirements in the countries in which we do business is onerous and expensive. In fact,addition, changes to existing legal requirements, new legal requirements and any failure to comply with legal requirements could negatively impact our business, operations, financial condition, future results of operations, liquidity and financial flexibility by increasing the Company's TRASM (as defined below)costs, limiting the Company's ability to offer a product, service or feature to customers, impacting customer demand for the month of September was the third best of any month inCompany's products and services and requiring changes to the Company's history, excludingsupply chain and its business. Legal requirements that we currently believe are or will be most impactful to our results of operations and financial condition include the following: governmental regulations and restrictions relating to the COVID-19 global pandemic, months.
Operating expense. For the third quarterlasting effects of 2022, operating expense increased by $1.5 billion, or 15.3%, versuswhich we believe have changed how our customers fly in ways that we expect to be both positive and negative for the third quarterCompany, including the lingering impact of 2019, mostlythe pandemic on the return of business and international travel demand—especially in our China market—to pre-COVID-19 levels; the closure of our flying airspace and termination of other operations due to regional conflicts, including the continuation of the suspension of our overflying in Russian airspace as a $1.5 billionresult of the Russia-Ukraine military conflict and to Tel Aviv as a result of the Israeli-Palestinian military conflict and an escalation of the broader economic consequences of the conflicts beyond their current scope; and any legal requirement that would result in a reshaping of the benefits that we provide to our consumers through the co-branded credit cards issued by our partner. Changes in existing applicable legal requirements or new applicable legal requirements and the related interpretations and enforcement practices of them create uncertainty about how such laws and regulations will be interpreted and applied. As a result, the impact of changing and new legal requirements generally cannot be reasonably predicted and those requirements may ultimately require extensive system and operational changes, be difficult to implement, increase in fuelour operating costs and by $4.7 billion, or 70.1%, versus the third quarter of 2021, mostly due to a $2.0 billion increase in fuel costs, a $1.1 billion Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act") grant in the prior year period that did not repeat and other increased operating costs from flight activity. We expect fuel costs to remain elevated or increase further throughout 2022.
Fourth Quarter 2022 Outlook
Capacity. The Company expects its scheduled capacity to be down approximately 9% to 10% in the fourth quarter of 2022 as compared to the same period in 2019.
Total revenue per available seat mile ("TRASM"). The Company expects TRASM to increase approximately 24% to 25% in the fourth quarter of 2022 as compared to the same period in 2019.
Adjusted cost per available seat mile ("CASM-ex"). The Company expects CASM-ex (a non-GAAP financial measure defined as cost or operating expense per available seat mile ("CASM") excluding fuel, profit sharing, third-party business expense and special charges (credits)) to increase approximately 11% to 12% in the fourth quarter of 2022 as compared to the same period in 2019.
Adjusted operating margin. The Company expects adjusted operating margin (a non-GAAP financial measure defined as operating margin excluding special charges (credits)) of approximately 10% for the fourth quarter of 2022.require significant capital expenditures.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion provides an analysis of our results of operations and reasons for material changes therein for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022,2023, as compared to the corresponding periodperiods in 2021.2022.
Third Quarter 20222023 Compared to Third Quarter 20212022
The Company recorded net income of $1.1 billion for the third quarter of 2023 as compared to $942 million for the third quarter of 2022 as compared to net income of $473 million for the third quarter of 2021.2022. The Company considers a key measure of its performance to be operating income, which was $1.7 billion for the third quarter of 2023, as compared to $1.5 billion for the third quarter of 2022, as compared to $1.0 billion for the third quarter of 2021, a $421an approximately $281 million increase year-over-year.year-over-year, primarily as a result of increased demand for air travel and lower fuel costs. Significant components of the Company's operating results for the three months ended September 30 are as follows (in millions, except percentage changes):
20222021Increase (Decrease)% Change20232022Increase (Decrease)% Change
Operating revenueOperating revenue$12,877 $7,750 $5,127 66.2 Operating revenue$14,484 $12,877 $1,607 12.5 
Operating expenseOperating expense11,419 6,713 4,706 70.1 Operating expense12,745 11,419 1,326 11.6 
Operating incomeOperating income1,458 1,037 421 40.6 Operating income1,739 1,458 281 19.3 
Nonoperating expense, netNonoperating expense, net(305)(434)(129)(29.7)Nonoperating expense, net(254)(305)(51)(16.7)
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense211 130 81 62.3 Income tax expense348 211 137 64.9 
Net incomeNet income$942 $473 $469 99.2 Net income$1,137 $942 $195 20.7 
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Certain consolidated statistical information for the Company's operations for the three months ended September 30 is as follows:
20222021Increase (Decrease)% Change20232022Increase (Decrease)% Change
Passengers (thousands) (a)Passengers (thousands) (a)38,802 32,145 6,657 20.7 Passengers (thousands) (a)44,381 38,802 5,579 14.4 
Revenue passenger miles ("RPMs" or "traffic") (millions) (b)Revenue passenger miles ("RPMs" or "traffic") (millions) (b)59,087 41,031 18,056 44.0 Revenue passenger miles ("RPMs" or "traffic") (millions) (b)67,691 59,087 8,604 14.6 
Available seat miles ("ASMs" or "capacity") (millions) (c)Available seat miles ("ASMs" or "capacity") (millions) (c)67,695 53,886 13,809 25.6 Available seat miles ("ASMs" or "capacity") (millions) (c)78,348 67,695 10,653 15.7 
Passenger load factor (d)Passenger load factor (d)87.3 %76.1 %11.2 pts.N/APassenger load factor (d)86.4 %87.3 %(0.9) pts.N/A
Passenger revenue per available seat mile ("PRASM") (cents)Passenger revenue per available seat mile ("PRASM") (cents)17.21 12.32 4.89 39.7 Passenger revenue per available seat mile ("PRASM") (cents)17.04 17.21 (0.17)(1.0)
TRASM (cents)19.02 14.38 4.64 32.3 
Total revenue per ASM ("TRASM") (cents)Total revenue per ASM ("TRASM") (cents)18.49 19.02 (0.53)(2.8)
Average yield per revenue passenger mile ("Yield") (cents) (e)Average yield per revenue passenger mile ("Yield") (cents) (e)19.72 16.18 3.54 21.9 Average yield per revenue passenger mile ("Yield") (cents) (e)19.72 19.72 — — 
Cargo revenue ton miles ("CTM") (millions) (f)Cargo revenue ton miles ("CTM") (millions) (f)733 758 (25)(3.3)Cargo revenue ton miles ("CTM") (millions) (f)766 733 33 4.5 
CASM (cents)16.87 12.46 4.41 35.4 
Cost per ASM ("CASM") (cents)Cost per ASM ("CASM") (cents)16.27 16.87 (0.60)(3.6)
CASM-ex (Non-GAAP) (cents) (g)CASM-ex (Non-GAAP) (cents) (g)11.22 11.26 (0.04)(0.4)CASM-ex (Non-GAAP) (cents) (g)11.51 11.22 0.29 2.6 
Average price per gallon of fuel, including fuel taxesAverage price per gallon of fuel, including fuel taxes$3.81 $2.14 $1.67 78.0 Average price per gallon of fuel, including fuel taxes$2.95 $3.81 $(0.86)(22.6)
Fuel gallons consumed (millions)Fuel gallons consumed (millions)985 800 185 23.1 Fuel gallons consumed (millions)1,132 985 147 14.9 
Employee headcount, as of September 30Employee headcount, as of September 3090,800 85,300 5,500 6.4 Employee headcount, as of September 30102,000 90,800 11,200 12.3 
(a) The number of revenue passengers measured by each flight segment flown.(a) The number of revenue passengers measured by each flight segment flown.(a) The number of revenue passengers measured by each flight segment flown.
(b) The number of scheduled miles flown by revenue passengers.(b) The number of scheduled miles flown by revenue passengers.(b) The number of scheduled miles flown by revenue passengers.
(c) The number of seats available for passengers multiplied by the number of scheduled miles those seats are flown.(c) The number of seats available for passengers multiplied by the number of scheduled miles those seats are flown.(c) The number of seats available for passengers multiplied by the number of scheduled miles those seats are flown.
(d) Revenue passenger miles divided by available seat miles.(d) Revenue passenger miles divided by available seat miles.(d) Revenue passenger miles divided by available seat miles.
(e) The average passenger revenue received for each revenue passenger mile flown.(e) The average passenger revenue received for each revenue passenger mile flown.(e) The average passenger revenue received for each revenue passenger mile flown.
(f) The number of cargo revenue tons transported multiplied by the number of miles flown.(f) The number of cargo revenue tons transported multiplied by the number of miles flown.(f) The number of cargo revenue tons transported multiplied by the number of miles flown.
(g) Cost or operating expense per available seat mile ("CASM") excluding fuel, profit sharing, third-party business expense and special charges (credits). See "Supplemental Information" below for a reconciliation to CASM, the most directly comparable GAAP measure.
(g) CASM excluding fuel, profit sharing, third-party business expense and special charges. See "Supplemental Information" below for a reconciliation to CASM, the most directly comparable GAAP measure.(g) CASM excluding fuel, profit sharing, third-party business expense and special charges. See "Supplemental Information" below for a reconciliation to CASM, the most directly comparable GAAP measure.
Operating Revenue. The table below shows year-over-year comparisons by type of operating revenue for the three months ended September 30 (in millions, except for percentage changes):
20222021Increase (Decrease)% Change20232022Increase (Decrease)% Change
Passenger revenuePassenger revenue$11,653 $6,637 $5,016 75.6 Passenger revenue$13,349 $11,653 $1,696 14.6 
CargoCargo498 519 (21)(4.0)Cargo333 498 (165)(33.1)
Other operating revenueOther operating revenue726 594 132 22.2 Other operating revenue802 726 76 10.5 
Total operating revenueTotal operating revenue$12,877 $7,750 $5,127 66.2 Total operating revenue$14,484 $12,877 $1,607 12.5 
The table below presents selected third quarter passenger revenue and operating data, broken out by geographic region, expressed as year-over-year changes:
Increase (decrease) from 2021:Increase (decrease) from 2022:
DomesticAtlanticPacificLatinTotal DomesticAtlanticPacificLatinTotal
Passenger revenue (in millions)Passenger revenue (in millions)$2,212 $2,057 $437 $310 $5,016 Passenger revenue (in millions)$613 $446 $599 $38 $1,696 
Passenger revenuePassenger revenue45.7 %244.9 %209.1 %41.7 %75.6 %Passenger revenue8.7 %15.4 %92.7 %3.6 %14.6 %
Average fare per passengerAverage fare per passenger27.4 %30.2 %0.4 %41.3 %45.5 %Average fare per passenger(4.9)%6.8 %7.4 %(4.3)%0.2 %
YieldYield24.0 %38.2 %(21.7)%28.3 %21.9 %Yield(1.7)%6.6 %2.9 %(5.8)%— %
PRASMPRASM31.0 %84.6 %88.0 %49.7 %39.7 %PRASM(2.1)%4.0 %3.8 %(5.9)%(1.0)%
PassengersPassengers14.3 %164.8 %207.8 %0.3 %20.7 %Passengers14.3 %8.1 %79.4 %8.3 %14.4 %
RPMsRPMs17.4 %149.4 %294.6 %10.4 %44.0 %RPMs10.5 %8.3 %87.3 %9.9 %14.6 %
ASMsASMs11.2 %86.9 %64.4 %(5.3)%25.6 %ASMs10.9 %10.9 %85.7 %10.1 %15.7 %
Passenger load factor (points)Passenger load factor (points)4.6 22.3 47.9 12.5 11.2 Passenger load factor (points)(0.3)(2.2)0.7 (0.1)(0.9)
Passenger revenue increased $5.0$1.7 billion, or 75.6%14.6%, in the third quarter of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to the ongoing recoverya 15.7% increase in air travel that was impactedcapacity, partially offset by the COVID-19 pandemic and strengtha slight decrease in the pricing environment as a result of inflationary pressures on fuel prices and other costs.passenger load factor.
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Cargo revenue decreased $21$165 million, or 4.0%33.1%, in the third quarter of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to lower yields as a result of increased market capacity and lower domestic mail volumes.rate pressures.
Other operating revenue increased $132$76 million, or 22.2%10.5%, in the third quarter of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to an increase in mileage revenue from non-airline partners, including credit card spending recovery with the co-branded credit card partner, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A,N.A., as well as an increase in the purchases of United Club memberships, visitor volume and purchases of one-time lounge passes in the current year.passes.
Operating Expenses. The table below includes data related to the Company's operating expenses for the three months ended September 30 (in millions, except for percentage changes):
20222021Increase (Decrease)% Change20232022Increase (Decrease)% Change (a)
Salaries and related costsSalaries and related costs$3,914 $2,843 $1,071 37.7 
Aircraft fuelAircraft fuel$3,755 $1,710 $2,045 119.6 Aircraft fuel3,342 3,755 (413)(11.0)
Salaries and related costs2,843 2,487 356 14.3 
Landing fees and other rentLanding fees and other rent639 652 (13)(2.0)Landing fees and other rent801 639 162 25.4 
Aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairsAircraft maintenance materials and outside repairs619 346 273 78.9 Aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairs684 619 65 10.5 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization610 623 (13)(2.1)Depreciation and amortization663 610 53 8.7 
Regional capacity purchaseRegional capacity purchase596 520 76 14.6 Regional capacity purchase592 596 (4)(0.7)
Distribution expensesDistribution expenses482 218 264 121.1 Distribution expenses516 482 34 7.1 
Aircraft rentAircraft rent65 58 12.1 Aircraft rent46 65 (19)(29.2)
Special charges (credits)20 (1,098)1,118 NM
Special chargesSpecial charges29 20 NM
Other operating expensesOther operating expenses1,790 1,197 593 49.5 Other operating expenses2,158 1,790 368 20.6 
Total operating expensesTotal operating expenses$11,419 $6,713 $4,706 70.1 Total operating expenses$12,745 $11,419 $1,326 11.6 
(a) NM - Greater than 100% change or otherwise not meaningful.(a) NM - Greater than 100% change or otherwise not meaningful.
Aircraft fuel expenseSalaries and related costs increased by $2$1.1 billion, or 119.6%37.7%, in the third quarter of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to approximately 12% increase in headcount from increased flight activity, accruals for pay rate increases related to a new collective bargaining agreement with employees represented by the Air Line Pilots Association ("ALPA"), annual wage rate increases across employee groups and an increase of $293 million in profit sharing expense due to both an increase in pre-tax income and a change in the profit sharing formula as a result of the new pilot agreement.
Aircraft fuel expense decreased by $413 million, or 11.0%, in the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the year-ago period, due to both a higherlower average price per gallon of fuel, andpartially offset by increased consumption from higher flight activity. We expect elevated fuel prices to continue or increase further throughout 2022.
The table below presents the significant changes in aircraft fuel cost per gallon in the three months ended September 30, 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period:period (in millions, except percentage change and per gallon data):
(In millions)Average price per gallon
20222021% Change20222021% Change20232022Increase (Decrease)% Change
Fuel expenseFuel expense$3,755 $1,710 119.6 %$3.81 $2.14 78.0 %Fuel expense$3,342 $3,755 $(413)(11.0)%
Fuel consumption (gallons)Fuel consumption (gallons)985 800 23.1 %Fuel consumption (gallons)1,132 985 147 14.9 %
Average price per gallonAverage price per gallon$2.95 $3.81 $(0.86)(22.6)%
SalariesLanding fees and related costsother rent increased $356$162 million, or 14.3%25.4%, in the third quarter of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to an increase in headcount, volume-driven pay from increased flight activity in the third quarterflying driving higher landed weight volume and a higher number of 2022 and $57 million of employee retention credits under the CARES Act in the third quarter of 2021 that did not occur in the current period, among other factors.enplaned passengers.
Aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairs increased $273$65 million, or 78.9%10.5%, in the third quarter of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to increased flight activity driving higher maintenance materials usage and increased volumes of flying, increasedboth engine overhauls contractual rate escalations, increased materials purchases and airframe heavy maintenance checks.
Regional capacity purchaseDepreciation expense increased $76$53 million, or 14.6%8.7%, in the third quarter of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to rate increases under various capacity purchase agreements with regional carriers as a result of the expiration of the CARES Act credits received in the prior year, partially offset by lower regional capacity.new aircraft inducted into service.
Distribution expenses increased $264$34 million, or 121.1%7.1%, in the third quarter of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to higher credit card fees, higher travel agency commissions and higher volumes of global distribution fees as a result ofdriven by the overall increase in passenger revenue and impacted by the mix of leisure travel and business travel, which requires the use of higher cost distribution channels and forms of payment.revenue.
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Details of the Company's special charges (credits) include the following for the three months ended September 30 (in millions):
2022 2021
CARES Act grant$— $(1,132)
Severance and benefit costs— 
Impairment of assets— 46 
(Gains) losses on sale of assets and other special charges20 (17)
Special charges (credits)$20 $(1,098)
2023 2022
Labor contract ratification bonuses$$— 
(Gains) losses on sale of assets and other special charges28 20 
Special charges$29 $20 
See Note 9 to the financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information on the Company's special charges (credits).charges.
Other operating expenses increased $593$368 million, or 49.5%20.6%, in the third quarter of 20222023 as compared to the year ago period, primarily due to increases in ground handling, passenger services, food and beverage offerings and consumption, navigation fees and personnel-related costs as a direct result of the increase in flight activity and inflationary pressures and higher expenditures on information technology projects and services.
Nonoperating Income (Expense). The table below shows year-over-year comparisons of the Company's nonoperating income (expense) for the three months ended September 30 (in millions, except for percentage changes):
20222021Increase (Decrease)% Change20232022Increase (Decrease)% Change
Interest expenseInterest expense$(455)$(449)$1.3 Interest expense$(493)$(455)$38 8.4 
Interest incomeInterest income234 104 130 NM
Interest capitalizedInterest capitalized27 18 50.0 Interest capitalized48 27 21 77.8 
Interest income104 11 93 NM
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments, netUnrealized gains (losses) on investments, net28 (34)62 NMUnrealized gains (losses) on investments, net(54)28 (82)NM
Miscellaneous, netMiscellaneous, net(9)20 (29)(145.0)Miscellaneous, net11 (9)(20)NM
TotalTotal$(305)$(434)$(129)(29.7)Total$(254)$(305)$(51)(16.7)
Interest expense increased $38 million, or 8.4%, in the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to higher interest rates on variable rate debt and new debt issuances in the current period, partially offset by reduced interest expense on the prepayment of $1.0 billion of debt in the second quarter of 2023.
Interest income increased $93$130 million in the third quarter of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to higher short-term investments in U.S. government and agency notes. See Note 6 to the financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information.
Unrealized gainslosses on investments, net, was $28$54 million in the third quarter of 20222023 as compared to $34$28 million in unrealized lossesgains in the year-ago period, primarily due to the change in the market value of the Company's investments in equity securities. See Note 6 to the financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for information related to these equity investments.
Miscellaneous, net decreased $29 million in the third quarter of 2022 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to higher foreign exchange losses recorded in 2022 and adjustments relating to debt extinguishment and modification fees recorded in 2021. See Note 9 to the financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information related to debt extinguishment and modification fees.
Income Taxes. See Note 4 to the financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for information related to income taxes.
First Nine Months 20222023 Compared to First Nine Months 20212022
The Company recorded net income of $2.0 billion in the first nine months of 2023 as compared to a net loss of $106 million in the first nine months of 2022 as compared to a net loss of $1.32022. The Company's operating income was $3.2 billion infor the first nine months of 2021. The Company considers a key measure of its performance2023, as compared to be operating income, which was $960 million for the first nine months of 2022, as compared to an operating loss of $614 million for the first nine months of 2021, an approximately $1.6$2.3 billion increase year-over-year, primarily as a result of increased demand for air travel.travel and lower fuel costs. Significant components of the Company's operating results for the nine months ended September 30 are as follows (in millions, except percentage changes):
20232022Increase (Decrease)% Change
Operating revenue$40,091 $32,555 $7,536 23.1 
Operating expense36,878 31,595 5,283 16.7 
Operating income3,213 960 2,253 NM
Nonoperating expense, net(597)(1,100)(503)(45.7)
Income tax expense (benefit)598 (34)632 NM
Net income (loss)$2,018 $(106)$2,124 NM
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percentage changes):
20222021Increase (Decrease)% Change
Operating revenue$32,555 $16,442 $16,113 98.0 
Operating expense31,595 17,056 14,539 85.2 
Operating income (loss)960 (614)1,574 256.4 
Nonoperating expense, net(1,100)(1,098)0.2 
Income tax benefit(34)(394)(360)(91.4)
Net loss$(106)$(1,318)$(1,212)(92.0)
Certain consolidated statistical information for the Company's operations for the nine months ended September 30 is as follows:
20222021Increase (Decrease)% Change20232022Increase (Decrease)% Change
Passengers (thousands)Passengers (thousands)106,058 70,728 35,330 50.0 Passengers (thousands)123,148 106,058 17,090 16.1 
RPMs (millions)RPMs (millions)152,033 86,793 65,240 75.2 RPMs (millions)183,764 152,033 31,731 20.9 
ASMs (millions)ASMs (millions)183,564 123,869 59,695 48.2 ASMs (millions)217,606 183,564 34,042 18.5 
Passenger load factorPassenger load factor82.8 %70.1 %12.7 pts.N/APassenger load factor84.4 %82.8 %1.6 pts.N/A
PRASM (cents)PRASM (cents)15.71 10.75 4.96 46.1 PRASM (cents)16.83 15.71 1.12 7.1 
TRASM (cents)TRASM (cents)17.73 13.27 4.46 33.6 TRASM (cents)18.42 17.73 0.69 3.9 
Yield (cents)Yield (cents)18.96 15.35 3.61 23.5 Yield (cents)19.93 18.96 0.97 5.1 
CTM (millions)CTM (millions)2,276 2,415 (139)(5.8)CTM (millions)2,265 2,276 (11)(0.5)
CASM (cents)CASM (cents)17.21 13.77 3.44 25.0 CASM (cents)16.95 17.21 (0.26)(1.5)
CASM-ex (Non-GAAP) (cents) (a)CASM-ex (Non-GAAP) (cents) (a)11.74 13.40 (1.66)(12.4)CASM-ex (Non-GAAP) (cents) (a)11.94 11.74 0.20 1.7 
Average price per gallon of fuel, including fuel taxesAverage price per gallon of fuel, including fuel taxes$3.67 $1.98 $1.69 85.4 Average price per gallon of fuel, including fuel taxes$2.97 $3.67 $(0.70)(19.1)
Fuel gallons consumed (millions)Fuel gallons consumed (millions)2,672 1,915 757 39.5 Fuel gallons consumed (millions)3,146 2,672 474 17.7 
Employee headcount, as of September 30Employee headcount, as of September 3090,800 85,300 5,500 6.4 Employee headcount, as of September 30102,000 90,800 11,200 12.3 
(a) See "Supplemental Information" below for a reconciliation to CASM, the most directly comparable GAAP measure.
Operating Revenue. The table below shows year-over-year comparisons by type of operating revenue for the nine months ended September 30 (in millions, except for percentage changes):
20222021Increase (Decrease)% Change20232022Increase (Decrease)% Change
Passenger revenuePassenger revenue$28,830 $13,319 $15,511 116.5 Passenger revenue$36,625 $28,830 $7,795 27.0 
CargoCargo1,699 1,622 77 4.7 Cargo1,093 1,699 (606)(35.7)
Other operating revenueOther operating revenue2,026 1,501 525 35.0 Other operating revenue2,373 2,026 347 17.1 
Total operating revenueTotal operating revenue$32,555 $16,442 $16,113 98.0 Total operating revenue$40,091 $32,555 $7,536 23.1 
The table below presents selected passenger revenue and operating data, broken out by geographic region, expressed as year-over-year changes for the nine months ended September 30, 20222023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021:2022:
Increase (decrease) from 2021:Increase (decrease) from 2022:
DomesticAtlanticPacificLatinConsolidated DomesticAtlanticPacificLatinTotal
Passenger revenue (in millions)Passenger revenue (in millions)$8,876 $4,511 $871 $1,253 $15,511 Passenger revenue (in millions)$3,143 $2,085 $2,021 $546 $7,795 
Passenger revenuePassenger revenue90.2 %329.5 %202.6 %74.8 %116.5 %Passenger revenue16.8 %35.5 %NM18.6 %27.0 %
Average fare per passengerAverage fare per passenger32.2 %26.3 %(3.6)%33.0 %44.4 %Average fare per passenger1.7 %10.5 %10.1 %12.8 %9.4 %
YieldYield26.9 %39.5 %(21.0)%20.2 %23.5 %Yield4.1 %10.7 %(1.9)%11.8 %5.1 %
PRASMPRASM37.5 %104.3 %88.0 %49.3 %46.1 %PRASM4.0 %11.4 %27.7 %18.1 %7.1 %
PassengersPassengers43.9 %240.1 %213.8 %31.4 %50.0 %Passengers14.9 %22.6 %NM5.2 %16.1 %
RPMsRPMs49.9 %207.9 %282.9 %45.5 %75.2 %RPMs12.2 %22.3 %NM6.1 %20.9 %
ASMsASMs38.3 %110.1 %60.8 %17.1 %48.2 %ASMs12.3 %21.6 %NM0.5 %18.5 %
Passenger load factor (points)Passenger load factor (points)6.6 26.2 36.5 16.1 12.7 Passenger load factor (points)(0.1)0.5 18.9 4.6 1.6 
Passenger revenue increased $7.8 billion, or 27.0%, in the first nine months of 2023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to an 18.5% increase in capacity as well as strength in both yield and passenger load factor.
Cargo revenue decreased $606 million, or 35.7%, in the first nine months of 2023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to lower yields as a result of increased market capacity and rate pressures.
Other operating revenue increased $347 million, or 17.1%, in the first nine months of 2023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to an increase in mileage revenue from non-airline partners, including credit card spending and new credit card member acquisitions with the co-branded credit card partner, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as well as United Club re-openings and related increases in the purchases of United Club memberships and one-time lounge passes as compared to the year-ago period.
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Passenger revenue increased $15.5 billion, or 116.5%, in the first nine months of 2022 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to the ongoing recovery in air travel which was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and strength in the pricing environment as a result of inflationary pressures on fuel prices and other costs.
Cargo revenue increased $77 million, or 4.7%, in the first nine months of 2022 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to higher yields on freight revenue from strong global demand, primarily in the first quarter of 2022. Cargo revenue was especially high in 2021 due to the limited market capacity, lower passenger load factors and the utilization of cargo-only flights in the first half of 2021.
Other operating revenue increased $525 million, or 35.0%, in the first nine months of 2022 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to an increase in mileage revenue from non-airline partners, including credit card spending recovery with our co-branded credit card partner, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as well as United Club re-openings and increased member volumes compared to the prior year.
Operating Expenses. The table below includes data related to the Company's operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30 (in millions, except for percentage changes):
20222021Increase (Decrease)% Change20232022Increase (Decrease)% Change
Salaries and related costsSalaries and related costs$10,946 $8,466 $2,480 29.3 
Aircraft fuelAircraft fuel$9,796 $3,793 $6,003 158.3 Aircraft fuel9,336 9,796 (460)(4.7)
Salaries and related costs8,466 6,987 1,479 21.2 
Landing fees and other rentLanding fees and other rent1,919 1,735 184 10.6 Landing fees and other rent2,283 1,919 364 19.0 
Aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairsAircraft maintenance materials and outside repairs2,072 1,553 519 33.4 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization1,832 1,866 (34)(1.8)Depreciation and amortization1,987 1,832 155 8.5 
Regional capacity purchaseRegional capacity purchase1,728 1,546 182 11.8 Regional capacity purchase1,806 1,728 78 4.5 
Aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairs1,553 917 636 69.4 
Distribution expensesDistribution expenses1,101 442 659 149.1 Distribution expenses1,406 1,101 305 27.7 
Aircraft rentAircraft rent193 165 28 17.0 Aircraft rent151 193 (42)(21.8)
Special charges (credits)124 (3,423)3,547 NM
Special chargesSpecial charges902 124 778 NM
Other operating expensesOther operating expenses4,883 3,028 1,855 61.3 Other operating expenses5,989 4,883 1,106 22.7 
Total operating expensesTotal operating expenses$31,595 $17,056 $14,539 85.2 Total operating expenses$36,878 $31,595 $5,283 16.7 
Aircraft fuel expenseSalaries and related costs increased $6.0$2.5 billion, or 158.3%29.3%, in the first nine months of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to approximately 12% increase in headcount from increased flight activity, accruals for pay rate increases related to a new collective bargaining agreement with employees represented by ALPA, annual wage rate increases across employee groups and an increase of $513 million in profit sharing expense due to both an increase in pre-tax income and a higherchange in the profit sharing formula as a result of the new pilot agreement.
Aircraft fuel expense decreased $460 million, or 4.7%, in the first nine months of 2023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to a lower average price per gallon of fuel, andpartially offset by increased consumption from higher flight activity. We expect elevated fuel prices to continue throughout 2022.
The table below presents the significant changes in aircraft fuel cost per gallon in the nine months ended September 30, 2022,2023, as compared to the year-ago period:
(In millions)Average price per gallon
20222021% Change20222021% Change
Fuel expense$9,796 $3,793 158.3 %$3.67 $1.98 85.4 %
Fuel consumption (gallons)2,672 1,915 39.5 %
period (in millions, except percentage change and per gallon data):
Salaries
20232022Increase (Decrease)% Change
Fuel expense$9,336 $9,796 $(460)(4.7)%
Fuel consumption (gallons)3,146 2,672 474 17.7 %
Average price per gallon$2.97 $3.67 $(0.70)(19.1)%
Landing fees and related costsother rent increased $1.5 billion,$364 million, or 21.2%19.0%, in the first nine months of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to increased headcount, volume-driven pay fromflying driving higher landed weight volume and a higher number of enplaned passengers.
Aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairs increased flight activity and $405 million of employee retention credits under the CARES Act in the first nine months of 2021 that did not occur in the current period, among other factors.
Landing fees and other rent increased $184$519 million, or 10.6%33.4%, in the first nine months of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to an increase in landed weight volume as a result of increased flight activity.activity and increased volumes of both engine overhauls and airframe heavy maintenance checks.
Regional capacity purchaseDepreciation expense increased $182$155 million, or 11.8%8.5%, in the third quarterfirst nine months of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to new aircraft inducted into service.
Regional capacity purchase increased $78 million, or 4.5%, in the first nine months of 2023 as compared to the year-ago period despite an approximately 16% reduction in regional capacity, primarily due to rate increases under various capacity purchase agreements with regional carriers as a result of the expiration of the CARES Act credits received in the prior year.carriers.
Aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairsDistribution expenses increased $636$305 million, or 69.4%27.7%, in the first nine months of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to higher volumescredit card fees, travel agency commissions and global distribution fees driven by the overall increase in passenger revenue.
Details of flying, increased engine overhauls, higher repair volumes, heavy airframe checks and contractual rate escalations.the Company's special charges include the following for the nine months ended September 30 (in millions):
2023 2022
Labor contract ratification bonuses$814 $— 
(Gains) losses on sale of assets and other special charges88 124 
Special charges$902 $124 
31

Distribution expenses increased $659 million, or 149.1%, in the first nine months of 2022 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to higher credit card fees, higher travel agency commissions and higher volumes of global distribution fees as a result of the overall increase in passenger revenue. Distribution expenses were also impacted by the mix of leisure travel and business travel, which requires the use of different distribution channels and forms of payment.
Details of the Company's special charges (credits) include the following for the nine months ended September 30 (in millions):
2022 2021
CARES Act grant$— $(4,021)
Severance and benefit costs— 433 
Impairment of assets— 105 
(Gains) losses on sale of assets and other special charges124 60 
Special charges (credits)$124 $(3,423)
See Note 9 to the financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information on the Company's special charges (credits).charges.
Other operating expenses increased $1.9$1.1 billion, or 61.3%22.7%, in the first nine months of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to increases in ground handling, passenger services, food and beverage offerings and consumption, navigation fees and personnel-related costs as a direct result of the increase in flight activity and inflationary pressures and higher expenditures on information technology projects and services.
Nonoperating Income (Expense). The following table illustrates the year-over-year dollar and percentage changes in the Company's nonoperating income (expense) for the nine months ended September 30 (in millions, except for percentage changes):
20222021Increase (Decrease)% Change20232022Increase (Decrease)% Change
Interest expenseInterest expense$(1,299)$(1,228)$71 5.8 Interest expense$(1,472)$(1,299)$173 13.3 
Interest incomeInterest income620 142 478 NM
Interest capitalizedInterest capitalized73 57 16 28.1 Interest capitalized128 73 55 75.3 
Interest income142 30 112 373.3 
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments, netUnrealized gains (losses) on investments, net(12)91 (103)NMUnrealized gains (losses) on investments, net54 (12)(66)NM
Miscellaneous, netMiscellaneous, net(4)(48)(44)(91.7)Miscellaneous, net73 (4)(77)NM
TotalTotal$(1,100)$(1,098)$0.2 Total$(597)$(1,100)$(503)(45.7)
Interest expense increased $71$173 million, or 5.8%13.3%, in the first nine months of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to higher interest rates on variable rate debt.debt and new debt issuances in the current period, partially offset by reduced interest expense on the prepayment of $1.0 billion of debt in the second quarter of 2023.
Interest income increased $112$478 million or 373.3%, in the first nine months of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to higher short-term investments in U.S. government and agency notes. See Note 6 to the financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information.
Unrealized lossesgains on investments, net, was $12$54 million in the first nine months of 20222023 as compared to $91$12 million in unrealized gainslosses in the year-ago period, primarily due to the change in the market value of the Company's investments in equity securities. See Note 6 to the financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for information related to these equity investments.
Miscellaneous, net decreased $44changed by $77 million in the first nine months of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to special termination benefits related to voluntary separation programs and debt extinguishment and modification fees recorded in the first nine months of 2021 partially offset by higherlower foreign exchange losses recorded in 2022. See Notes 5 and 9 tohigher benefit from the financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information.pensions and postretirement benefit plans.
Income Taxes. See Note 4 to the financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for information related to income taxes.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Current Liquidity
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As of September 30, 2022,2023, the Company had $18.7$17.1 billion in unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, as compared to $18.4$16.4 billion at December 31, 2021.2022. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, together with cash generated from operations, will be sufficient to satisfy our anticipated liquidity needs for the next twelve months, and we expect to meet our long-term liquidity needs with our anticipated access to the capital markets and projected cash from operations. We regularly assess our anticipated working capital needs, debt and leverage levels, debt maturities, capital expenditure requirements (including in connection with our capital commitments for our firm order aircraft) and future investments or acquisitions in order to maximize shareholderstockholder return, efficiently finance our ongoing operations and maintain flexibility for future strategic transactions. We also regularly evaluate our liquidity and capital structure to ensure financial risks, liquidity access and cost of capital are each managed efficiently. While we have been able to access the capital markets to meet our significant long-term debt and finance lease obligations and future commitments for capital expenditures, including the acquisition of aircraft and related spare engines, we must return to sustained profitability in order to service our debt and maintain appropriate liquidity levels for our long-term operating needs.
The Company has a $1.75 billion revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility") expiring April 21, 2025 (subject to customary extension rights). The Revolving Credit Facility is secured by certain route authorities and airport slots and gates. No borrowings were outstanding under the facilityRevolving Credit Facility at September 30, 2022.2023.
We have a significant amount of fixed obligations, including debt, leases of aircraft, airport and other facilities, and pension funding obligations. As of September 30, 2022,2023, the Company had approximately $38.4$36.7 billion of debt, finance lease, operating lease and sale-leaseback obligations,other financial liabilities, including $4.5$4.6 billion that will become due in the next 12 months. In addition, we have
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substantial noncancelable commitments for capital expenditures, including the acquisition of certain new aircraft and related spare engines. Our debt agreements contain customary terms and conditions as well as various affirmative, negative and financial covenants that, among other things, restrict the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness and pay dividends or repurchase stock. As of September 30, 2022,2023, UAL and United were in compliance with their respective debt covenants. As of September 30, 2022,2023, a substantial portion of the Company's assets, principally aircraft and certain related assets, its loyalty program, certain route authorities and airport slots and gates, was pledged under various loan and other agreements. See Note 8 to the financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information on aircraft financing and other debt instruments.
For 2022, the Company expects approximately $4.7 billion of adjusted capital expenditures (a non-GAAP financial measure defined as GAAP capital expenditures including expenditures for assets acquired through the issuance of debt, finance leases and other financial liabilities). The Company has backstop financing commitments available from certain of its aircraft manufacturers for a limited number of its future aircraft deliveries, subject to certain customary conditions. See "Supplemental Information" for additional information on non-GAAP financial measures and Note 7 to the financial statements included in Part I, Item I of this report for additional information on commitments.
As of September 30, 2022,2023, United had firm commitments and options to purchase aircraft from The Boeing Company ("Boeing") and Airbus S.A.S. ("Airbus") as presented in the table below:
Scheduled Aircraft Deliveries
Aircraft TypeNumber of Firm
 Commitments (a)
Last Three Months
of 2022
2023After 2023
Airbus A321XLR50 — — 50 
Airbus A321neo70 — 12 58 
Airbus A35045 — — 45 
Boeing 737 MAX353 27 121 205 
Boeing 787— — 
(a) United also has options and purchase rights for additional aircraft.
Contractual Aircraft DeliveriesExpected Aircraft Deliveries (b)
Aircraft TypeNumber of Firm
 Commitments (a)
Last Three Months
of 2023
2024After 2024Last Three Months
of 2023
2024After 2024
787150 — 142 — 142 
737 MAX374 73 100 201 20 77 277 
A321neo130 26 100 26 100 
A321XLR50 — — 50 — — 50 
A35045 — — 45 — — 45 
(a) United also has options and purchase rights for additional aircraft.
(b) Expected aircraft deliveries reflect adjustments communicated by Boeing and Airbus or estimated by United.
The aircraft listed in the table above are scheduled for delivery through 2030.2033. The amount and timing of the Company's future capital commitments could change to the extent that: (i) the Company and the aircraft manufacturers, with whom the Company has existing orders for new aircraft, agree to modify the contracts governing those orders; (ii) rights are exercised pursuant to the relevant agreements to cancel deliveries or modify the timing of deliveries; or (iii) the aircraft manufacturers are unable to deliver in accordance with the terms of those orders. Furthermore,
On September 28, 2023, United entered into a supplemental agreement with Boeing, notifiedpursuant to which United that threeexercised options to purchase 50 Boeing 787787-9 aircraft scheduled for delivery in 2022between 2028 and 152031 and was granted options to purchase up to an additional 50 Boeing 737 MAX787 aircraft. In addition, on September 29, 2023, United entered into an amendment to the A320 Family Purchase Agreement, dated December 19, 2019, as amended, with Airbus, pursuant to which United exercised purchase rights to purchase 60 A321neo aircraft scheduled for delivery in 2023, all as shown in thebetween 2028 and 2030 and was granted purchase rights to purchase up to an additional 40 A321neo aircraft. The table above reflects the number of firm commitments related to these agreements as well as the contractual and expected aircraft deliveries.
The table below summarizes United's firm commitments as of September 30, 2023, which include aircraft and related spare engines, aircraft improvements and non-aircraft capital commitments. Aircraft commitments are now expected to deliver in 2023based on contractual scheduled aircraft deliveries without any adjustments communicated by Boeing and 2024, respectively. In addition to Boeing’s notification, United estimates that seven additional Boeing 737 MAX aircraft scheduled for delivery in 2022, as shown in the table above, will deliver in 2023.Airbus or estimated by United.
United has an agreement to purchase eight used Bombardier CRJ550 aircraft in the last three months of 2022.
(in billions)
Last three months of 2023$4.6 
20248.8 
20258.0 
20266.1 
20275.0 
After 202729.6 
$62.1 
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The table below summarizes United's commitments as of September 30, 2022, which include aircraft and related spare engines, aircraft improvements and non-aircraft capital commitments. Aircraft commitments are based on contractual scheduled aircraft deliveries without any adjustments for the delays communicated by Boeing or estimated by United.
(in billions)
Last three months of 2022$3.0 
20238.4 
20246.9 
20254.4 
20263.4 
After 20268.5 
$34.6 
Sources and Uses of Cash
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30 (in millions):
20222021Increase (Decrease)20232022Increase (Decrease)
Total cash provided by (used in):Total cash provided by (used in):Total cash provided by (used in):
Operating activitiesOperating activities$4,908 $2,336 $2,572 Operating activities$7,821 $4,908 $2,913 
Investing activitiesInvesting activities(9,442)(1,324)8,118 Investing activities(5,363)(9,442)(4,079)
Financing activitiesFinancing activities(2,472)6,971 (9,443)Financing activities(1,769)(2,472)(703)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashNet increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$(7,006)$7,983 $(14,989)Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$689 $(7,006)$7,695 
Operating Activities. Cash flows provided by operations increased $2.6$2.9 billion in the first nine months of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to higher profitabilityan increase in operating income as improvements in the demand for air travel continued and an approximately $0.9 billion increase in advance ticket sales associated with the overall travel demand recovery.continued.
Investing Activities. Cash flows used in investing activities increased $8.1decreased $4.1 billion in the first nine months of 20222023 as compared to the year-ago period, primarily due to a $7.6 billion increase in proceeds from the purchasesale of short-term and other investments.investments, partially offset by a $2.8 billion increase in capital expenditures. Capital expenditures were approximately $2.3 billion and $1.6 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were primarily attributable to the purchase of aircraft, and aircraft improvements. Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were primarily attributable toimprovements and advance deposits for future aircraft purchases.
Financing Activities. Significant financing events in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 20212023 were as follows:
Debt, Finance Lease and Other Financing Liability Principal Payments. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company made payments for debt, finance leases, and other financing liabilities of $3.4 billion and $2.6 billion. Duringbillion, respectively. The payments in the first nine months ended September 30,of 2023 included a prepayment of $1.0 billion for a 2021 term loan facility.
Debt and Other Financing Liabilities Issuances. On June 20, 2023, the Company made paymentsand Wilmington Trust, National Association, as subordination agent and pass through trustee (the "Trustee") under a certain pass through trust newly formed by the Company, entered into the Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 20, 2023 (the "Note Purchase Agreement"). The Note Purchase Agreement provides for debt, finance leases and other financing liabilitiesthe issuance by the Company of $4.6 billion, primarily for repayments of $1.4 billionequipment notes (the "Equipment Notes") in the aggregate principal amount outstandingof $1.3 billion to finance 39 Boeing aircraft delivered new to the Company from August 2022 to May 2023. Pursuant to the Note Purchase Agreement, the Trustee purchased Equipment Notes issued under a 2017 term loan facility, $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount outstanding under a 2017 revolving credit facilitytrust indenture and $520 million aggregate principal amount outstanding under a CARES Act loan.
Debt Issuances. Duringmortgage (each, an "Indenture" and, collectively, the nine months ended September 30, 2022, United received"Indentures") with respect to each aircraft entered into by the Company and recorded $220 million from aircraft financings.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, United received and recorded:
$1.7 billion from senior unsecured notes under the Payroll Support Program Extension Agreements of the CARES Act;
$600 million of proceedsWilmington Trust, National Association, as debt from the enhanced equipment trust certificates pass-through trusts established in February 2021;
$5.0 billion from a new term loan; and
$4.0 billion frommortgagee. Each Indenture provides for the issuance of 4.375% senior secured notesEquipment Notes in a single series, Series A, bearing interest at the rate of 5.80% per annum. The Equipment Notes were purchased by the Trustee, using the proceeds from the sale of Pass Through Certificates, Series 2023-1A, issued by a pass through trust newly-formed by the Company to facilitate the financing of the aircraft. The interest on the Equipment Notes is payable semi-annually on each January 15 and July 15, beginning on January 15, 2024. The principal payments on the Equipment Notes are scheduled on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on July 15, 2024. The final payments on the Equipment Notes will be due 2026 and 4.625% senior secured notes due 2029.on January 15, 2036.
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See Note 8 to the financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information.
Credit Ratings. As of the filing date of this report, UAL and United had the following corporate credit ratings:
S&PMoody'sFitch
UALBB-Ba2B+
UnitedBB-*B+
*The credit agency does not issue corporate credit ratings for subsidiary entities.

These credit ratings are below investment grade levels; however, the Company has been able to secure financing with investment grade credit ratings for certain enhanced equipment trust certificates, term loans and secured bond financings. Downgrades from these rating levels, among other things, could restrict the availability, or increase the cost, of future financing for the Company as well as affect the fair market value of existing debt. A rating reflects only the view of a rating agency and is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities. Ratings can be revised upward or downward at any time by a rating agency if such rating agency decides that circumstances warrant such a change.
Commitments, Contingencies and Liquidity Matters. As described in the 20212022 Form 10-K, the Company's liquidity may be adversely impacted by a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, pension funding obligations, reserve requirements associated with credit card processing agreements, guarantees, commitments contingencies and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.contingencies.
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See the 20212022 Form 10-K and Notes 5, 6, 7 8 and 98 to the financial statements contained in Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
See "Critical Accounting Policies" in Part II, Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the 20212022 Form 10-K.
Supplemental Information
The Company evaluates its financial performance utilizing various GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures, including CASM-ex, adjusted operating margin and adjusted capital expenditures.CASM-ex. The Company has provided CASM-ex, adjusted operating margin and adjusted capital expenditures,a non-GAAP financial measures that aremeasure, which is not calculated or presented in accordance with GAAP, as supplemental information and in addition to the financial measuresmeasure that areis calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Management believes that adjusting CASM and operating margin for special charges (credits) is useful to investors because special charges (credits) are not indicative of UAL's ongoing performance. Management also believes that excluding third-party business expenses, such as expenses associated with maintenance and ground handling for third parties, from CASM provides more meaningful disclosure because these expenses are not directly related to the Company's core business. Management also believes that excluding fuel costs from CASM is useful to investors because it provides an additional measure of management's performance excluding the effects of a significant cost item over which management has limited influence. Management also believes that excluding profit sharing from CASM allows investors to better understand and analyze the Company's operating cost performance and provides a more meaningful comparison of our core operating costs to the airline industry. The Company believes that adjusting capital expenditures for assets acquired through the issuance of debt, finance leases and other financial liabilities is useful to investors in order to appropriately reflect the total amounts spent on capital expenditures.
Because thesethis non-GAAP financial measures aremeasure is not calculated in accordance with GAAP, theyit should not be considered superior to, and areis not intended to be considered in isolation or as substitutesa substitute for, the related GAAP financial measuresmeasure and may not be the same as or comparable to any similarly titled measures presented by other companies due to possible differences in methodsmethod and in the items being adjusted. We encourage investors to review our financial statements and publicly-filed reports in their entirety and not to rely on any single financial measure.
The CompanyBelow is not providing targets for CASM or operating margin, or reconciliations for CASM-ex projections to CASM or adjusted operating margin projections to operating margin, the most directly comparable respective GAAP measures, because the Company is unable to predict certain items contained in the GAAP measures without unreasonable efforts, and it does not provide a reconciliation of forward-looking measures where it believes such a reconciliation would imply a degree of precision and certainty that could be misleading. This is due to the inherent difficulty of forecasting the timing or amount of various items that have not yet occurred and are out of the Company's control or cannot be reasonably predicted. For the same reasons, the Company is unable to address the probable significance of the unavailable information. Forward-looking measuresnon-GAAP financial measure provided without the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures may vary materially from the corresponding GAAP financial measures. See "Forward-Looking Information" below. Below are reconciliations of CASM-ex and adjusted operating marginin this report (CASM-ex) to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures (CASM and operating margin, respectively) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, September 30, 2021, and September 30, 2019, and the three months and the year ended December 31, 2019measure (CASM) (in cents):
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Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended December 31,Year Ended December 31,
20222021201920222021201920192019
(in cents)
CASM (GAAP)16.87 12.46 13.20 17.21 13.77 13.52 14.11 13.67 
Special charges (credits)0.03 (2.04)0.04 0.07 (2.76)0.05 0.18 0.09 
Third-party business expenses0.06 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.06 
Fuel expense5.55 3.17 3.05 5.34 3.06 3.13 3.16 3.14 
Profit sharing0.01 — 0.24 — — 0.17 0.17 0.17 
CASM-ex (Non-GAAP)11.22 11.26 9.80 11.74 13.40 10.11 10.53 10.21 
(in millions, except percentages)
Operating income (loss) (GAAP)$1,458 $1,037 $1,473 $960 $(614)$3,440 $861 $4,301 
Special charges (credits)20(1,098)27 124 (3,423)116 130 246 
Adjusted operating income (loss) (Non-GAAP)$1,478 $(61)$1,500 $1,084 $(4,037)$3,556 $991 $4,547 
Operating margin11.3 %13.4 %12.9 %2.9 %(3.7)%10.6 %7.9 %9.9 %
Adjusted operating margin (Non-GAAP)11.5 %(0.8)%13.2 %3.3 %(24.6)%11.0 %9.1 %10.5 %
Non-cash capital expenditures, which may be significant, are not determinable at this time. Accordingly, the Company does not provide capital expenditures guidance on a GAAP basis.
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023202220232022
CASM (GAAP)16.27 16.87 16.95 17.21 
Fuel expense4.26 5.55 4.29 5.34 
Special charges0.04 0.03 0.42 0.07 
Profit sharing0.39 0.01 0.24 — 
Third-party business expenses0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 
CASM-ex (Non-GAAP)11.51 11.22 11.94 11.74 
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This report contains certain "forward-looking statements," within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including in Part I, Item 2,2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere, in this report, relating to, among other things, the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and other macroeconomic factors and steps the Company plans to take in response thereto and goals, plans and projections regarding the Company's financial position, results of operations, market position, capacity, fleet, product development, ESG-related strategy initiatives and business strategy. Such forward-looking statements are based on historical performance and current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the Company's future financial results, goals, plans commitments, strategies and objectives and involve inherent risks, assumptions and uncertainties, known or unknown, including internal or external factors that could delay, divert or change any of them, that are difficult to predict, may be beyond the Company's control and could cause the Company's future financial results, goals, plans commitments, strategies and objectives to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the statements. Words such as "should," "could," "would," "will," "may," "expects," "plans," "intends," "anticipates," "indicates," "remains," "believes," "estimates," "projects," "forecast," "guidance," "outlook," "goals," "targets," "pledge," "confident," "optimistic," "dedicated""dedicated," "positioned," and other words and terms of similar meaning and expression are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such terms. All statements, other than those that relate solely to historical facts, are forward-looking statements.
Additionally, forward-looking statements include conditional statements and statements that identify uncertainties or trends, discuss the possible future effects of known trends or uncertainties, or that indicate that the future effects of known trends or
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uncertainties cannot be predicted, guaranteed or assured. All forward-looking statements in this report are based upon information available to us on the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise, except as required by applicable law or regulation.
Our actual results could differ materially from these forward-looking statements due to numerous factors including, without limitation, the following: the adverse impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic on our business, operating results, financial condition and liquidity; execution risks associated with our strategic operating plan; changes in our network strategy or other factors outside our control resulting in less economic aircraft orders, costs related to modification or termination of
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aircraft orders or entry into less favorable aircraft orders, as well as any inability to accept or integrate new aircraft into our fleet as planned; any failure to effectively manage, and receive anticipated benefits and returns from, acquisitions, divestitures, investments, joint ventures and other portfolio actions;actions, as well as related costs or other issues, or related exposures to unknown liabilities or other issues or underperformance as compared to our expectations; the adverse impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic on our business, operating results, financial condition and liquidity; adverse publicity, harm to our brand, reduced travel demand, potential tort liability and voluntary or mandatory operational restrictions as a result of an accident, catastrophe or incident involving us, our regional carriers, our codeshare partners or another airline; the highly competitive nature of the global airline industry and susceptibility of the industry to price discounting and changes in capacity, including as a result of alliances, joint business arrangements or other consolidations; our reliance on a limited number of suppliers to source a majority of our aircraft and certain parts, and the impact of any failure to obtain timely deliveries, additional equipment or support from any of these suppliers; disruptions to our regional network and United Express flights provided by third-party regional carriers; unfavorable economic and political conditions in the United States and globally (including inflationary pressures);globally; reliance on third-party service providers and the impact of any significant failure of these parties to perform as expected, or interruptions in our relationships with these providers or their provision of services; extended interruptions or disruptions in service at major airports where we operate and space, facility and infrastructure constrainsconstraints at our hubs or other airports; geopolitical conflict, terrorist attacks or security events;events (including the continuation of the suspension of our overflying in Russian airspace as a result of the Russia-Ukraine military conflict and to Tel Aviv as a result of the Israeli-Palestinian military conflict and an escalation of the broader economic consequences of the conflicts beyond their current scope); any damage to our reputation or brand image; our reliance on technology and automated systems to operate our business and the impact of any significant failure or disruption of, or failure to effectively integrate and implement, the technology or systems; increasing privacy and data security obligations or a significant data breach; increased use of social media platforms by us, our employees and others; the impacts of union disputes, employee strikes or slowdowns, and other labor-related disruptions or regulatory compliance costs on our operations;operations or financial performance; any failure to attract, train or retain skilled personnel, including our senior management team or other key employees; the monetary and operational costs of compliance with extensive government regulation of the airline industry; current or future litigation and regulatory actions, or failure to comply with the terms of any settlement, order or arrangement relating to these actions; costs, liabilities and risks associated with environmental regulation and climate change, including our climate goals; high and/or volatile fuel prices or significant disruptions in the supply of aircraft fuel (including as a result of the Russia-Ukraine military conflict);fuel; the impacts of our significant amount of financial leverage from fixed obligations the possibility we may seek material amounts of additional financial liquidity in the short-term, and the impacts of insufficient liquidity on our financial condition and business; failure to comply with financial and other covenants governing our debt, including our MileagePlus® financing agreements; the impacts of the proposed phaseoutphase out of the London interbank offer rate; limitations on our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes to offset future taxable income for U.S. federal income tax purposes; our failure to realize the full value of our intangible assets or our long-lived assets, causing us to record impairments; fluctuations in the price of our common stock; the impacts of seasonality and other factors associated with the airline industry; increases in insurance costs or inadequate insurance coverage;coverage and other risks and uncertainties set forth inunder Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors, of our 2021the 2022 Form 10-K and Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors of this report, and under "Economic and Market Factors" and "Governmental Actions" in Part I, Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of this report, as well as other risks and uncertainties set forth from time to time in the reports we file with the SEC.
The foregoing list sets forth many, but not all, of the factors that could impact our ability to achieve results described in any forward-looking statements. Investors should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors and should not consider this list to be a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties. In addition, certain forward-looking outlook provided in this report relies on assumptions about the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, the timing of the return to a more stable business environment, the volatility of aircraft fuel prices, customer behavior changes and return in demand for air travel, among other things (together, the "Recovery Process"). If the actual Recovery Process differs materially from our assumptions, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business could be worse than expected, and our actual results may be negatively impacted and may vary materially from our expectations and projections. It is routine for our internal projections and expectations to change as the year or each quarter in the year progresses, and therefore it should be clearly understood that the internal projections, beliefs and assumptions upon which we base our expectations may change. For instance, we regularly monitor future demand and booking trends and adjust capacity, as needed. As such, our actual flown capacity may differ materially from currently published flight schedules or current estimations.
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ITEM 3.     QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
There have been no material changes in market risk from the information provided in Part II, Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, in our 20212022 Form 10-K.
ITEM 4.     CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Evaluation of Disclosure Control and Procedures
UAL and United each maintains controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports filed or submitted by UAL and United to the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified by the SEC's rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The management of UAL and United, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, performed an evaluation to conclude with reasonable assurance that UAL's and United's disclosure controls and procedures were designed and operating effectively to report the information each company is required to disclose in the reports it files with the SEC on a timely basis. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of UAL and United have concluded that as of September 30, 2022,2023, disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting during the Quarter Ended September 30, 20222023
During the three months ended September 30, 2022,2023, there were no changes in UAL's or United's internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, their internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934)1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")).

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Part I, Item 3, Legal Proceedings, of the 20212022 Form 10-K for a description of legal proceedings.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A., Risk Factors of the 2022 Form 10-K except for the changes to the following risk factor related to the monetary and operational costs of compliance with extensive government regulation of the airline industry:
The airline industry is subject to extensive government regulation, which imposes significant costs and may adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition.
Airlines are subject to extensive regulatory and legal oversight. Compliance with U.S. and international regulations imposes significant costs and may have adverse effects on the Company.
United provides air transportation under certificates of public convenience and necessity issued by the U.S. Department of Transportation ("DOT"). If the DOT modified, suspended or revoked these certificates, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business. The DOT also regulates consumer protection and, through its investigations or rulemaking authority (including, for example, any rulemakings or initiatives in response to the Executive Order on Promoting Competition in the American Economy issued by the President on July 9, 2021), could impose restrictions that materially impact the Company's business. United also operates pursuant to an air carrier operating certificate issued by the Federal Aviation Administration ("FAA"), and FAA orders and directives have previously resulted in the temporary grounding of an entire aircraft type when the FAA identifies design, manufacturing, maintenance or other issues requiring immediate corrective action (including the FAA Emergency Airworthiness Directive grounding our Boeing 777 Pratt & Whitney powered aircraft), which has had an effect that has been material to the Company's business, operating results and financial condition.
In 2018, the U.S. Congress approved a five-year reauthorization for the FAA, which encompasses a range of policy issues related to aviation tax, airline customer service and aviation safety. Depending on how the issues are implemented, our operations and costs could be materially impacted. Additionally, the U.S. Congress may consider legislation related to environmental issues relevant to the airline industry, such as implementation of Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation, which could negatively impact the Company and the airline industry.
The Company's operations may also be adversely impacted due to the existing antiquated air traffic control ("ATC") system utilized by the U.S. government and regulated by the FAA, which may not be able to effectively handle projected future air traffic growth. The outdated ATC system has led to short-term capacity constraints imposed by government agencies and has resulted in delays and disruptions of air traffic during peak travel periods in certain markets due to its inability to handle
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demand and reduced resiliency in the event of a failure causing flight cancellations and delays. Failure to update the ATC system in a timely manner and the substantial funding requirements of a modernized ATC system that may be imposed on air carriers may have an adverse impact on the Company's financial condition or operating results.
Access to slots at several major U.S. airports and many foreign airports served by the Company is subject to government regulation on airspace management and competition that might limit the number of slots or change the rules on the use and transfer of slots. If slots are eliminated at one of our hubs or other airports, or if the number of hours of operation governed by slots is reduced at an airport, the lack of controls on take-offs and landings could result in greater congestion both at the affected airport and in the regional airspace and could significantly impact the Company's operations. Similarly, a government or regulatory agency, including DOT, could choose to impose slot restrictions at one of our hubs or other airports or grant increased access to another carrier and limit or reduce our operations at an airport, whether or not slot-controlled, which could have significant impact on our operations. The DOT (including FAA) may limit the Company's airport access by limiting the number of departure and arrival slots at congested airports, which could affect the Company's ownership and transfer rights, and local airport authorities may have the ability to control access to certain facilities or the cost to access their facilities, which could have an adverse effect on the Company's business. If the DOT were to take actions that adversely affect the Company's slot holdings, the Company could incur substantial costs to preserve its slots or may lose slots.
The Company currently operates a number of flights on international routes under government arrangements, regulations or policies that designate the number of carriers permitted to operate on such routes, the capacity of the carriers providing services on such routes, the airports at which carriers may operate international flights or the number of carriers allowed access to particular airports. Applicable arrangements between the United States and foreign governments (such as "Open Skies" (meaning all U.S. and foreign carriers have access to the destination)) may be amended from time to time, government policies with respect to airport operations may be revised and the availability of appropriate slots or facilities may change, which could have a material adverse impact on the Company's financial condition and operating results and could result in the impairment of material amounts of related tangible and intangible assets. For instance, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased regulatory burdens in the U.S. and around the globe, which included closure of international borders to flights and/or passengers from specific countries, passenger and crew quarantine requirements and other regulations promulgated to protect public health but that have had and may continue to have a negative impact on travel and airline operations.
In addition, disruptions to the Company's business could result from the deployment of new cellular networks (e.g., "5G") by wireless carriers, which, due to potential interference with aircraft systems, could cause flights to be cancelled or diverted, which in turn could affect consumer perceptions of the safety of air travel. For example, over the past two years regulators addressed potential "5G" interference on a temporary and piecemeal basis tailored to specific aircraft and airports, which could occur again. Systematic regulation of the overlap between aviation systems and cellular networks may not occur in the near term or may not involve terms that are favorable to the Company.
Moreover, any legislation that would result in a reshaping of the benefits that the Company is able to provide to its consumers through the co-branded credit cards issued by our partner could also materially negatively affect the Company's profitability and competitive position.
In addition, competition from revenue-sharing joint business arrangements ("JBAs") and other alliance arrangements by and among other airlines could impair the value of the Company's business and assets on the Open Skies routes. The Company's plans to enter into or expand U.S. antitrust immunized alliances and JBAs on various international routes are subject to receipt of approvals from applicable U.S. federal authorities and other applicable foreign government clearances or satisfaction of other applicable regulatory requirements. There can be no assurance that such approvals and clearances will be granted or will continue in effect upon further regulatory review or that changes in regulatory requirements or standards can be satisfied.
See Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors,1. Business—Industry Regulation, of the 20212022 Form 10-K, for a detailed discussion ofadditional information on government regulation impacting the risk factors affecting UAL and United.Company.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES, AND USE OF PROCEEDS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
(a) None
(b) None
(c) None
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
(a) None.
(b) None.
38

(c) During the three months ended September 30, 2023, no director or "officer" (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) of the Company or United informed the Company or United of the adoption, modification or termination of a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or a "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act.
39

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS.
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No.RegistrantExhibit
3.1*10.1UAL
United
*10.2UAL
United
*10.3UAL
United
*10.4UAL
United
*10.5UAL
United
*10.6UAL
United
*10.7UAL
United
*10.8UAL
United
*10.9UAL
United
*10.10UAL
United
*10.11UAL
United
*10.12UAL
United
*10.13UAL
United
*10.14UAL
United
*10.15UAL
United
*10.16UAL
United
^10.17UAL
United
40

*10.18UAL
United
*10.19UAL
United
*10.20UAL
United
*10.21UAL
United
*10.22UAL
United
*10.23UAL
United
*10.24UAL
United
*10.25UAL
United
*10.26UAL
United
*10.27UAL
United
*10.28UAL
United
*10.29UAL
United
*10.30UAL
United
*10.31UAL
United
^10.32UAL
United
^10.33UAL
United
^10.34UAL
United
^10.35UAL
United
41

^10.36UAL
United
^10.37UAL
United
10.110.38UAL
United
31.1UAL
31.2UAL
31.3United
31.4United
32.1UAL
32.2United
101UAL
United
The following financial statements from the combined Quarterly Report of UAL and United on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022,2023, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Statements of Consolidated Operations, (ii) Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) Condensed Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows, (v) Statements of Consolidated Stockholders' Equity and (vi) Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags.
104UAL
United
Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. Pursuant
*Filed with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q solely for the purpose of transitioning these previously-filed exhibits, which are the subject of expiring confidential treatment orders, to the rules governing the filing of redacted exhibits under Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(10)(iv). Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10), United is permitted(iv) of Regulation S-K.
^Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to omit certain compensation-related exhibits from this report and therefore only UAL is identified as the registrant for purposesItem 601(b)(10)(iv) of those items.Regulation S-K.


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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 United Airlines Holdings, Inc.
 (Registrant)
Date:October 19, 202218, 2023 By:/s/ Gerald LadermanMichael Leskinen
 Gerald LadermanMichael Leskinen
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date:October 19, 202218, 2023By:/s/ Chris Kenny
 Chris Kenny
Vice President and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
 
United Airlines, Inc.
(Registrant)
Date:October 19, 202218, 2023 By:/s/ Gerald LadermanMichael Leskinen
 Gerald LadermanMichael Leskinen
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date:October 19, 202218, 2023 By:/s/ Chris Kenny
 Chris Kenny
Vice President and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)

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