UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-08359

NEW JERSEY RESOURCES CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New Jersey

22-2376465

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

1415 Wyckoff Road

(732)

938‑1480

Wall

New Jersey

07719

(Registrant's telephone number,
including area code)

(Address of principal executive offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock - $2.50 Par Value

NJR

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes: ☒ No: ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes: ☒ No: ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes: ☐ No: ☒

The number of shares outstanding of $2.50 par value Common Stock as of ~~January 30, 2023~~February 2, 2024 was ~~96,887,997.~~98,303,527.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

TABLE OF CONTENTS


			Page
Glossary of Key Terms			1
Information Concerning Forward-Looking Statements			3
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
	ITEM 1.	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	4
		Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
		Note 1. Nature of the Business	9
		Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	9
		Note 3. Revenue	10
		Note 4. Regulation	14
		Note 5. Derivative Instruments	15
		Note 6. Fair Value	2019
		Note 7. Investments in Equity Investees	22
		Note 8. Earnings Per Share	22
		Note 9. Debt	2322
		Note 10. Employee Benefit Plans	2423
		Note 11. Income Taxes	2524
		Note 12. Leases	2625
		Note 13. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities	2827

		Note 14. Reporting Segment and Other Operations Data	2928
		Note 15. Related Party Transactions	3230

	ITEM 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	3432
	ITEM 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	6055
	ITEM 4.	Controls and Procedures	6357
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
	ITEM 1.	Legal Proceedings	6459
	ITEM 1A.	Risk Factors	6459
	ITEM 2.	Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	6459
	ITEM 5.	Other Information	59
	ITEM 6.	Exhibits	6560
		Signatures	6661

New Jersey Resources Corporation

GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS


Adelphia ~~Gateway~~			Adelphia Gateway, LLC
AFUDC			Allowance for Funds Used During Construction
AMA			Asset Management Agreement
ASC			Accounting Standards Codification
ASU			Accounting Standards Update
B			Billion
Bcf			Billion Cubic Feet
BGSS			Basic Gas Supply Service
BPU			New Jersey Board of Public Utilities
CIP			Conservation Incentive Program
Clean Energy Ventures or CEV			NJR Clean Energy Ventures Corporation or our Clean Energy Ventures segment
CME			Chicago Mercantile Exchange
~~COVID-19~~			~~Novel coronavirus disease~~
~~Degree-day~~			~~The measure of the variation in the weather based on the extent to which the average daily temperature falls below 65 degrees Fahrenheit~~
DRP			NJR Direct Stock Purchase and Dividend Reinvestment Plan
EE			Energy Efficiency
Energy Services or ES			NJR Energy Services Company, LLC or our Energy Services segment
Exchange Act			Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
FASB			Financial Accounting Standards Board
FCM			Futures Commission Merchant
FERC			Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Financial Margin			A non-GAAP financial measure, which represents revenues earned from the sale of natural gas less costs of natural gas sold including any transportation and storage costs, and excludes certain operations and maintenance expense and depreciation and amortization, as well as any accounting impact from the change in the fair value of certain derivative instruments
Fitch			Fitch Ratings Company
FMB			First Mortgage Bond
GAAP			Generally Accepted Accounting Principles of the United States
Home Services and Other or HSO			Home Services and Other Operations
ICE			Intercontinental Exchange
IIP			Infrastructure Investment Program
ISDA			The International Swaps and Derivatives Association
ITC			Federal Investment Tax Credit
Leaf River			Leaf River Energy Center LLC
M			Million
MGP			Manufactured Gas Plant
MMBtu			Million British Thermal Units
Moody's			Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
Mortgage Indenture			The Amended and Restated Indenture of Mortgage, Deed of Trust and Security Agreement between NJNG and U.S. Bank National Association dated as of September 1, 2014, as amended
MW			Megawatts
MWh			Megawatt Hour
NAESB			The North American Energy Standards Board
~~Natural Gas Distribution~~			~~Natural Gas Distribution segment~~
NFE			Net Financial Earnings
~~NJ RISE~~			~~New Jersey Reinvestment in System Enhancement~~
NJCEP			New Jersey's Clean Energy Program
NJDEP			New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
NJNG			New Jersey Natural Gas Company or our Natural Gas Distribution segment

New Jersey Resources Corporation


GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS (cont.)

NJNG Credit Facility			The ~~$250 million~~$250M unsecured committed credit facility expiring in September 2027
NJR Credit Facility			The ~~$650 million~~$650M unsecured committed credit facility expiring in September 2027
NJR or The Company			New Jersey Resources Corporation
NJR Retail			NJR Retail Company
NJRHS			NJR Home Services Company
Non-GAAP			Not in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles of the United States
NPNS			Normal Purchase/Normal Sale
NYMEX			New York Mercantile Exchange
OCI			Other Comprehensive Income
O&M			Operation and Maintenance expenses
OPEB			Other Postemployment Benefit Plans
~~PennEast~~			~~PennEast Pipeline Company, LLC~~
PPA			Power Purchase Agreement
RAC			Remediation Adjustment Clause
REC			Renewable Energy Certificate
~~SAFE II~~			~~Safety Acceleration and Facility Enhancement Program, Phase II~~
SAVEGREEN			The SAVEGREEN Project®
SBC			Societal Benefits Charge
SG&A			Selling, General and Administrative expenses
SOFR			Secured Overnight Financing Rate
SREC			Solar Renewable Energy Certificate
Steckman Ridge			Collectively, Steckman Ridge GP, LLC and Steckman Ridge, LP
Storage and Transportation or S&T			Storage and Transportation segment
TETCO			Texas Eastern Transmission
~~The Inflation Reduction Act~~			~~The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022~~
~~The Tax Act~~			~~An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018, previously known as The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017~~
TREC			Transition Renewable Energy Certificate
Trustee			U.S. Bank National Association
U.S.			The United States of America
USF			Universal Service Fund
Utility Gross Margin			A non-GAAP financial measure, which represents operating revenues less natural gas purchases, sales tax, and regulatory rider expense, and excludes certain operations and maintenance expense and depreciation and amortization

New Jersey Resources Corporation

INFORMATION CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements contained in this report, including, without limitation, statements as to management expectations, assumptions and beliefs presented in Part I, Item 2. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” Part I, Item 3. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” Part II, Item 1. “Legal Proceedings” and in the notes to the financial statements are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Section 21E of the Exchange Act and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can also be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “may,” “could,” “might,” “intend,” “expect,” “believe,” “will” “plan,” ~~or “should,”~~“should” or comparable terminology and are made based upon management's current expectations, assumptions and beliefs as of this date concerning future developments and their potential effect on us. There can be no assurance that future developments will be in accordance with management's expectations, assumptions or beliefs, or that the effect of future developments on us will be those anticipated by management.

We caution readers that the expectations, assumptions and beliefs that form the basis for forward-looking statements regarding customer growth, customer usage, qualifications for ITCs, RECs, future rate case proceedings, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, capital requirements, future capital expenditures, market risk, effective tax rate and other matters for fiscal ~~2023~~2024 and thereafter include many factors that are beyond our ability to control or estimate precisely, such as estimates of future market conditions, the behavior of other market participants and changes in the debt and equity capital markets. The factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations, assumptions and beliefs include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, as well as the following, which are neither presented in order of importance nor weighted:

•our ability to obtain governmental and regulatory approvals, permits, certificates, land-use rights, electric grid connection (in the case of clean energy projects) and/or financing for the construction, development and operation of our unregulated energy investments, pipeline transportation systems and NJNG and ~~Storage and Transportation~~S&T infrastructure projects, in a timely manner;

•our ability to address concerns over long-term climate change;

•risks associated with our investments in clean energy projects, including the availability of regulatory incentives and federal tax credits, the availability of viable projects, our eligibility for ITCs, the future market for RECs and electricity prices, our ability to complete construction of the projects and operational risks related to projects in service;

•risks associated with acquisitions and the related integration of acquired assets with our current operations;

•our ability to comply with current and future regulatory requirements;

•risks associated with our pipeline of projects and timely completion of such projects;

•commercial and wholesale credit risks, including the availability of creditworthy customers and counterparties, and liquidity in the wholesale energy trading market;

•volatility of natural gas and other commodity prices and their impact on NJNG customer usage, NJNG’s BGSS incentive programs, ~~Energy Services~~ES operations and our risk management efforts;

•the performance of our subsidiaries;

•access to adequate supplies of natural gas and dependence on third-party ~~storage and transportation~~S&T facilities for natural gas supply;

•the level and rate at which NJNG’s costs and expenses are incurred and the extent to which they are approved for recovery from customers through the regulatory process, including through future base rate case filings;

•impacts of inflation, including the current inflationary environment, and increased natural gas costs;

•the impact of a disallowance of recovery of environmental-related expenditures and other regulatory changes;

•operating risks incidental to handling, storing, transporting and providing customers with natural gas;

•demographic changes in our service territory and their effect on our customer growth;

•changes in rating agency requirements and/or credit ratings and their effect on availability and cost of capital to the Company;

•the impact of events causing volatility in the equity and credit markets on our access to capital, including ~~the~~natural disasters, pandemic illness and other extreme events and risks, political and economic disruption and uncertainty related to Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine, the Israel-Hamas War, and the international community’s responses;

•risks of prolonged constriction of credit availability in the markets and our ability to secure short-term financing;

•our ability to comply with debt covenants;

•the results of legal or administrative proceedings with respect to claims, rates, environmental issues, natural gas cost prudence reviews and other matters;

•risks related to ~~the impact and uncertainty of COVID-19, as well as impacts on business operations, supply chain, financial performance and condition and cash flows;~~

•~~risks related to~~ cyberattacks, including ransomware, terrorism, other malicious acts against, or failure of, information technology systems;

•the impact to the asset values and resulting higher costs and funding obligations of our pension and postemployment benefit plans as a result of potential downturns in the financial markets, including, but not limited to, inflationary pressures, recessionary pressures, or rising interest rates, and/or reductions in bond yields;

•accounting effects and other risks associated with hedging activities and use of derivatives contracts;

•our ability to optimize our physical assets;

•weather and economic conditions, including those changes in weather and weather patterns that could be attributable to climate change;

•the costs of compliance with present and future environmental laws, potential climate change-related legislation or any legislation resulting from the 2019 New Jersey Energy Master ~~Plan;~~Plan, as well as future executive orders and the outcomes of regulatory proceedings concerning natural gas;

•uncertainties related to litigation, regulatory, administrative or environmental proceedings;

•changes to tax laws and regulations, including our ability to optimize those changes brought about by the passage of the Inflation Reduction ~~Act;~~Act of 2022;

•any potential need to record a valuation allowance for our deferred tax assets;

•the ~~impact of natural disasters, terrorist activities, pandemic illness, war and other extreme events on our operations and customers;~~

•~~the~~ delay or prevention of a favorable transaction due to ~~change~~changes in control provisions or laws;

•risks related to our employee workforce and succession planning;

•risks associated with the management of our joint ventures and partnerships; and

•risks associated with keeping pace with technological ~~change.~~change, including, but not limited to, cloud computing and generative artificial intelligence.

Forward-looking statements made in this report apply only as of the date of this report. While we periodically reassess material trends and uncertainties affecting our results of operations and financial condition in connection with the preparation of management's discussion and analysis of results of operations and financial condition contained in our Quarterly and Annual Reports on Form 10-Q and Form 10-K, respectively, we do not, by including this statement, assume any obligation to review or revise any particular forward-looking statement referenced herein in light of future events.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended
December 31,
(Thousands, except per share data) 2022 2021
OPERATING REVENUES
Utility $ 357,409 $ 274,435
Nonutility 366,158 401,407
Total operating revenues 723,567 675,842
OPERATING EXPENSES
Natural gas purchases:
Utility 182,446 122,269
Nonutility 232,070 278,794
Related parties 1,827 1,846
Operation and maintenance 79,501 68,984
Regulatory rider expenses 18,251 16,671
Depreciation and amortization 36,683 30,393
Total operating expenses 550,778 518,957
OPERATING INCOME 172,789 156,885
Other income, net 4,655 4,136
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest 29,491 19,477
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND EQUITY IN EARNINGS OF AFFILIATES 147,953 141,544
Income tax provision 32,978 30,807
Equity in earnings of affiliates 946 575
NET INCOME $ 115,921 $ 111,312
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
Basic $1.20 $1.16
Diluted $1.19 $1.16
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING
Basic 96,485 95,944
Diluted 97,083 96,356


	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
(Thousands, except per share data)		2023		2022
OPERATING REVENUES
Utility		$	293,093	$	357,409
Nonutility		174,117		366,158
Total operating revenues		467,210		723,567
OPERATING EXPENSES
Natural gas purchases:
Utility		116,120		182,446
Nonutility		59,477		232,070
Related parties		1,879		1,827
Operation and maintenance		94,439		79,501
Regulatory rider expenses		19,189		18,251
Depreciation and amortization		40,287		36,683
Total operating expenses		331,391		550,778
OPERATING INCOME		135,819		172,789
Other income, net		6,341		4,655
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest		31,473		29,491
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND EQUITY IN EARNINGS OF AFFILIATES		110,687		147,953
Income tax provision		22,936		32,978
Equity in earnings of affiliates		1,660		946
NET INCOME		$	89,411	$	115,921

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
Basic		$0.91		$1.20
Diluted		$0.91		$1.19
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING
Basic		97,869		96,485
Diluted		98,563		97,083

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited)


			Three Months Ended
			December 31,
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
		December 31,									December 31,
(Thousands)	(Thousands)			2022		2021		(Thousands)	2023	2022
Net income	Net income			$	115,921	$	111,312
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	Other comprehensive income, net of tax
Reclassifications of losses to net income on derivatives designated as hedging instruments, net of tax of $(79) and $(79), respectively	Reclassifications of losses to net income on derivatives designated as hedging instruments, net of tax of $(79) and $(79), respectively			263		264
Reclassifications of losses to net income on derivatives designated as hedging instruments, net of tax of $(79) and $(79), respectively
Reclassifications of losses to net income on derivatives designated as hedging instruments, net of tax of $(79) and $(79), respectively

Adjustment to postemployment benefit obligation, net of tax of $(12) and $(233), respectively				41		766
Other comprehensive income				$	304	$	1,030
Adjustment to postemployment benefit obligation, net of tax of $(40) and $(12), respectively
Adjustment to postemployment benefit obligation, net of tax of $(40) and $(12), respectively
Adjustment to postemployment benefit obligation, net of tax of $(40) and $(12), respectively
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
Comprehensive income	Comprehensive income			$	116,225	$	112,342

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended								Three Months Ended
	December 31,								December 31,
(Thousands)						(Thousands)	2023	2022
CASH FLOWS FROM (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income
Net income
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows from operating activities
Unrealized (gain) on derivative instruments
Unrealized (gain) on derivative instruments
Unrealized (gain) on derivative instruments

		Three Months Ended
		December 31,
(Thousands)		2022		2021
CASH FLOWS USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income		$	115,921	$	111,312
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows from operating activities
Unrealized (gain) on derivative instruments		(31,503)		(82,191)
Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	36,683		30,393
Amortization of acquired wholesale energy contracts	Amortization of acquired wholesale energy contracts	530		589
Allowance for equity used during construction	Allowance for equity used during construction	(1,054)		(2,494)
Allowance for doubtful accounts	Allowance for doubtful accounts	(2,459)		550
Non cash lease expense	Non cash lease expense	727		889
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	11,861		14,855
Equivalent value of ITCs recognized on equipment financing	Equivalent value of ITCs recognized on equipment financing	(899)		(727)
Manufactured gas plant remediation costs	Manufactured gas plant remediation costs	(2,627)		(12,368)
Equity in earnings, net of distributions received from equity investees		—		481

Cost of removal - asset retirement obligations
Cost of removal - asset retirement obligations
Cost of removal - asset retirement obligations	Cost of removal - asset retirement obligations	(322)		(282)
Contributions to postemployment benefit plans	Contributions to postemployment benefit plans	(249)		(1,942)
Taxes related to stock-based compensation	Taxes related to stock-based compensation	554		(166)
Changes in:	Changes in:
Components of working capital	Components of working capital	(335,025)		(153,195)
Other noncurrent assets		4,440		(1,529)
Other noncurrent liabilities		114,475		58,418
Cash flows used in operating activities		(88,947)		(37,407)
Components of working capital
Components of working capital

Other noncurrent assets and liabilities

Other noncurrent assets and liabilities

Other noncurrent assets and liabilities
Cash flows from (used in) operating activities
CASH FLOWS USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES	CASH FLOWS USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Expenditures for:	Expenditures for:
Expenditures for:
Expenditures for:
Utility plant
Utility plant
Utility plant	Utility plant	(74,742)		(64,350)
Solar equipment	Solar equipment	(43,993)		(25,380)
Storage and Transportation and other	Storage and Transportation and other	(19,859)		(65,454)
Cost of removal	Cost of removal	(7,329)		(9,114)

Distribution from equity investees in excess of equity in earnings	Distribution from equity investees in excess of equity in earnings	361		244
Distribution from equity investees in excess of equity in earnings
Distribution from equity investees in excess of equity in earnings

Cash flows used in investing activities

Cash flows used in investing activities

Cash flows used in investing activities	Cash flows used in investing activities	(145,562)		(164,054)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES	CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from long-term debt	Proceeds from long-term debt	175,000		100,000
Proceeds from long-term debt
Proceeds from long-term debt
Payments of long-term debt	Payments of long-term debt	(4,782)		(1,810)

Proceeds from short-term debt, net

Proceeds from short-term debt, net

Proceeds from short-term debt, net	Proceeds from short-term debt, net	40,500		110,650
Proceeds from sale leaseback transactions - solar	Proceeds from sale leaseback transactions - solar	33,150		3,300
Proceeds from sale leaseback transactions - natural gas meters	Proceeds from sale leaseback transactions - natural gas meters	8,441		17,300
Payments of common stock dividends	Payments of common stock dividends	(34,508)		(31,841)

Proceeds from waiver discount issuance of common stock	Proceeds from waiver discount issuance of common stock	17,919		—

Proceeds from waiver discount issuance of common stock

Proceeds from waiver discount issuance of common stock
Proceeds from issuance of common stock - DRP	Proceeds from issuance of common stock - DRP	3,847		3,805

Tax withholding payments related to net settled stock compensation
Tax withholding payments related to net settled stock compensation
Tax withholding payments related to net settled stock compensation	Tax withholding payments related to net settled stock compensation	(3,642)		(3,433)
Cash flows from financing activities	Cash flows from financing activities	235,925		197,971
Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	1,416		(3,490)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	1,452		6,043
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	2,868	$	2,553
CHANGES IN COMPONENTS OF WORKING CAPITAL	CHANGES IN COMPONENTS OF WORKING CAPITAL
Receivables
Receivables
Receivables	Receivables	$	(247,080)	$	(117,010)
Inventories	Inventories	17,974		(48,866)
Recovery of natural gas costs	Recovery of natural gas costs	27,904		(4,505)
Natural gas purchases payable	Natural gas purchases payable	(76,930)		(18,752)
Natural gas purchases payable - related parties	Natural gas purchases payable - related parties	11		(10)
Deferred revenue, current	Deferred revenue, current	—		51,107
Accounts payable and other	Accounts payable and other	(35,361)		(44,374)
Prepaid expenses	Prepaid expenses	(10,456)		(6,951)
Prepaid and accrued taxes	Prepaid and accrued taxes	39,301		31,205
Restricted broker margin accounts	Restricted broker margin accounts	(56,460)		(459)
Customers' credit balances and deposits	Customers' credit balances and deposits	7,724		6,080
Other current assets (liabilities)	Other current assets (liabilities)	(1,652)		(660)
Total	Total	$	(335,025)	$	(153,195)
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION	SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION
Cash paid for:	Cash paid for:
Cash paid for:
Cash paid for:
Interest (net of amounts capitalized)
Interest (net of amounts capitalized)
Interest (net of amounts capitalized)	Interest (net of amounts capitalized)	$	22,986	$	13,935
Income taxes	Income taxes	$	30	$	(229)
Accrued capital expenditures	Accrued capital expenditures	$	24,119	$	57,129
						See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

ASSETS


		(Unaudited)
	(Unaudited)
(Thousands)
(Thousands)
(Thousands)	(Thousands)	December 31, 2022		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2023	September 30, 2023
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT	PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Utility plant, at cost
Utility plant, at cost
Utility plant, at cost	Utility plant, at cost	$	3,627,112	$	3,576,691
Construction work in progress	Construction work in progress	182,309		162,087
Nonutility plant and equipment, at cost	Nonutility plant and equipment, at cost	1,633,823		1,577,259
Construction work in progress	Construction work in progress	199,330		199,679
Total property, plant and equipment	Total property, plant and equipment	5,642,574		5,515,716
Accumulated depreciation and amortization, utility plant	Accumulated depreciation and amortization, utility plant	(676,944)		(659,737)
Accumulated depreciation and amortization, nonutility plant and equipment	Accumulated depreciation and amortization, nonutility plant and equipment	(217,098)		(206,053)
Property, plant and equipment, net	Property, plant and equipment, net	4,748,532		4,649,926
CURRENT ASSETS	CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	2,407		1,107
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents
Customer accounts receivable	Customer accounts receivable
Billed
Billed
Billed	Billed	370,965		222,297
Unbilled revenues	Unbilled revenues	109,147		13,769
Allowance for doubtful accounts	Allowance for doubtful accounts	(10,771)		(19,379)
Regulatory assets	Regulatory assets	61,355		40,086
Natural gas in storage, at average cost	Natural gas in storage, at average cost	254,360		273,644
Materials and supplies, at average cost	Materials and supplies, at average cost	21,634		20,324
Prepaid expenses	Prepaid expenses	19,028		8,572
Prepaid and accrued taxes	Prepaid and accrued taxes	20,568		54,501
Derivatives, at fair value	Derivatives, at fair value	44,678		24,635
Restricted broker margin accounts	Restricted broker margin accounts	93,173		94,261

Other current assets	Other current assets	25,280		22,270
Other current assets
Other current assets
Total current assets	Total current assets	1,011,824		756,087
NONCURRENT ASSETS	NONCURRENT ASSETS
Investments in equity method investees
Investments in equity method investees
Investments in equity method investees	Investments in equity method investees	106,174		106,571
Regulatory assets	Regulatory assets	495,849		500,666
Operating lease assets	Operating lease assets	167,129		168,520
Derivatives, at fair value	Derivatives, at fair value	3,445		6,385

Intangible assets, net		1,818		2,348
Software costs	Software costs	6,649		6,120
Software costs
Software costs
Deferred income taxes
Postemployment employee benefit assets
Other noncurrent assets	Other noncurrent assets	68,674		64,793
Total noncurrent assets	Total noncurrent assets	849,738		855,403
Total assets	Total assets	$	6,610,094	$	6,261,416

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

CAPITALIZATION AND LIABILITIES


		(Unaudited)
	(Unaudited)
(Thousands, except share data)
(Thousands, except share data)
(Thousands, except share data)	(Thousands, except share data)	December 31, 2022		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2023	September 30, 2023
CAPITALIZATION	CAPITALIZATION
Common stock, $2.50 par value; authorized 150,000,000 shares; outstanding shares December 31, 2022 — 96,803,490; September 30, 2022 — 96,249,859		$	241,845	$	241,616
Common stock, $2.50 par value; authorized 150,000,000 shares; outstanding shares December 31, 2023 — 98,202,255; September 30, 2023 — 97,584,455
Common stock, $2.50 par value; authorized 150,000,000 shares; outstanding shares December 31, 2023 — 98,202,255; September 30, 2023 — 97,584,455
Common stock, $2.50 par value; authorized 150,000,000 shares; outstanding shares December 31, 2023 — 98,202,255; September 30, 2023 — 97,584,455
Premium on common stock	Premium on common stock	527,846		519,697
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(4,522)		(4,826)
Treasury stock at cost and other; shares December 31, 2022 — 148,914; September 30, 2022 — 611,045		11,842		(6,805)
Treasury stock at cost and other; shares December 31, 2023 — 15,710; September 30, 2023 — 13,041
Retained earnings	Retained earnings	1,145,784		1,067,528
Common stock equity	Common stock equity	1,922,795		1,817,210
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	2,690,886		2,485,402
Total capitalization	Total capitalization	4,613,681		4,302,612
CURRENT LIABILITIES	CURRENT LIABILITIES
Current maturities of long-term debt
Current maturities of long-term debt
Current maturities of long-term debt	Current maturities of long-term debt	80,115		75,069
Short-term debt	Short-term debt	464,450		423,950
Natural gas purchases payable	Natural gas purchases payable	158,119		235,049
Natural gas purchases payable to related parties	Natural gas purchases payable to related parties	862		851
Deferred revenue	Deferred revenue	39,553		35,547
Accounts payable and other	Accounts payable and other	110,475		156,580
Dividends payable	Dividends payable	37,665		37,534
Accrued taxes	Accrued taxes	10,498		5,130
Regulatory liabilities	Regulatory liabilities	49,382		31,090
New Jersey Clean Energy Program	New Jersey Clean Energy Program	14,090		15,697
Derivatives, at fair value	Derivatives, at fair value	48,104		49,848
Operating lease liabilities	Operating lease liabilities	4,661		4,562

Restricted broker margin accounts	Restricted broker margin accounts	7,297		—
Restricted broker margin accounts
Restricted broker margin accounts
Customers' credit balances and deposits	Customers' credit balances and deposits	40,970		33,246
Total current liabilities	Total current liabilities	1,066,241		1,104,153
NONCURRENT LIABILITIES	NONCURRENT LIABILITIES
Deferred income taxes
Deferred income taxes
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	255,073		238,928
Deferred investment tax credits	Deferred investment tax credits	2,643		2,710
Deferred revenue	Deferred revenue	49,939		753
Derivatives, at fair value	Derivatives, at fair value	23,477		14,191
Manufactured gas plant remediation	Manufactured gas plant remediation	125,717		127,060
Postemployment employee benefit liability	Postemployment employee benefit liability	83,892		82,867
Regulatory liabilities	Regulatory liabilities	184,740		185,634
Operating lease liabilities	Operating lease liabilities	137,627		138,382
Asset retirement obligation	Asset retirement obligation	55,750		55,035
Other noncurrent liabilities	Other noncurrent liabilities	11,314		9,091
Total noncurrent liabilities	Total noncurrent liabilities	930,172		854,651
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 13)	Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 13)					Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 13)
Total capitalization and liabilities	Total capitalization and liabilities	$	6,610,094	$	6,261,416

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMMON STOCK EQUITY (Unaudited)


(Thousands)	(Thousands)	Number of Shares	Common Stock		Premium on Common Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income			Treasury Stock and Other		Retained Earnings		Total		(Thousands)	Number of Shares	Common Stock	Premium on Common Stock	Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income	Treasury Stock and Other	Retained Earnings	Total
Balance at September 30, 2022		96,250	$	241,616	$	519,697		$	(4,826)	$	(6,805)	$	1,067,528	$	1,817,210
Balance as of September 30, 2023
Net income
Other comprehensive income
Common stock issued:

Incentive compensation plan

Incentive compensation plan

Incentive compensation plan
Dividend reinvestment plan
Waiver discount
Cash dividend declared ($.42 per share)
Treasury stock and other

Net income		—	—		—			—		—		115,921		115,921
Other comprehensive income		—	—		—			304		—		—		304
Common stock issued:
Balance as of December 31, 2023

Incentive compensation plan		92	229		3,243			—		—		—		3,472
Dividend reinvestment plan (1)		93	—		437			—		3,429		—		3,866
Waiver discount		368	—		4,469			—		13,450		—		17,919
Cash dividend declared ($.39 per share)		—	—		—			—		—		(37,665)		(37,665)
Treasury stock and other		—	—		—			—		1,768		—		1,768
Balance at December 31, 2022		96,803	$	241,845	$	527,846		$	(4,522)	$	11,842	$	1,145,784	$	1,922,795

Balance as of December 31, 2023

Balance as of December 31, 2023


(Thousands)	Number of Shares	Common Stock		Premium on Common Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income			Treasury Stock and Other		Retained Earnings		Total
Balance as of September 30, 2022	96,250	$	241,616	$	519,697		$	(4,826)	$	(6,805)	$	1,067,528	$	1,817,210
Net income	—	—		—			—		—		115,921		115,921
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—			304		—		—		304
Common stock issued:

Incentive compensation plan	92	229		3,243			—		—		—		3,472
Dividend reinvestment plan (1)	93	—		437			—		3,429		—		3,866
Waiver discount	368	—		4,469			—		13,450		—		17,919
Cash dividend declared ($.39 per share)	—	—		—			—		—		(37,665)		(37,665)
Treasury stock and other	—	—		—			—		1,768		—		1,768
Balance as of December 31, 2022	96,803	$	241,845	$	527,846		$	(4,522)	$	11,842	$	1,145,784	$	1,922,795

(1)~~Shares~~Certain shares sold through the DRP issued from treasury stock are at average cost, which may differ from the actual market price paid.

(Thousands) Number of Shares Common Stock Premium on Common Stock Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Treasury Stock and Other Retained Earnings Total
Balance at September 30, 2021 95,710 $ 240,644 $ 502,584 $ (34,528) $ (12,448) $ 934,610 $ 1,630,862
Net income — — — — — 111,312 111,312
Other comprehensive income — — — 1,030 — — 1,030
Common stock issued:
Incentive compensation plan 147 367 7,135 — — — 7,502
Dividend reinvestment plan 105 263 3,415 — — — 3,678
Cash dividend declared ($.3625 per share) — — — — — (34,787) (34,787)
Treasury stock and other — — — — (2,619) — (2,619)
Balance at December 31, 2021 95,962 $ 241,274 $ 513,134 $ (33,498) $ (15,067) $ 1,011,135 $ 1,716,978

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. NATURE OF THE BUSINESS

The Company provides regulated natural gas distribution services, transmission and storage services and operates certain unregulated businesses primarily through the following:

NJNG provides natural gas utility service to approximately ~~572,500~~579,600 customers throughout Burlington, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean and Sussex counties in New Jersey and is subject to rate regulation by the BPU. NJNG comprises the Natural Gas Distribution segment.

~~NJRCEV,~~Clean Energy Ventures, the Company's clean energy subsidiary, comprises the ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV segment and invests in, owns and operates clean energy projects, including commercial and residential solar installations located in New Jersey, ~~Connecticut,~~ Rhode Island, New York, Connecticut, Michigan and ~~New York.~~Indiana.

~~NJRES~~Energy Services comprises the ~~Energy Services~~ES segment. ~~Energy Services~~ES maintains and transacts around a portfolio of natural gas transportation and storage capacity contracts and provides physical wholesale energy, retail energy and energy management services in the U.S. and Canada.

NJR Midstream Holdings Corporation, which comprises the ~~Storage and Transportation~~S&T segment, invests in energy-related ventures through its subsidiaries. The Company operates natural gas storage and transmission assets through the wholly-owned subsidiaries of Leaf River and Adelphia, ~~Gateway,~~ and is subject to rate regulation by FERC. The Company holds a ~~50 percent~~50% combined ownership interest in Steckman Ridge, located in Pennsylvania which ~~are~~is accounted for under the equity method of ~~accounting and 20 percent ownership interest in PennEast, which ceased operations in fiscal 2022.~~accounting.

NJR Retail Holdings Corporation has one principal subsidiary, NJRHS, which provides heating, central air conditioning, standby generators, solar and other indoor and outdoor comfort products to residential homes throughout New Jersey. NJRHS is included in ~~Home Services and Other operations.~~HSO.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and GAAP. The September 30, ~~2022~~2023 Balance Sheet data is derived from the audited financial statements of the Company. These Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company's ~~2022~~2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of NJR and its subsidiaries. In the opinion of management, the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim periods presented. These adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. Because of the seasonal nature of the Company's utility and wholesale energy services operations, in addition to other factors, the financial results for the interim periods presented are not indicative of the results that are to be expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, ~~2023.~~2024. Intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosure of contingencies during the reporting period. On a quarterly basis or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate a need, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to the calculation of the fair value of derivative instruments, debt, equity method investments, lease liabilities, unbilled revenues, allowance for doubtful accounts, provisions for depreciation and amortization, long-lived assets, regulatory assets and liabilities, income taxes, pensions and other postemployment benefits, contingencies related to environmental matters and litigation. Asset retirement obligations are evaluated periodically as required. The Company’s estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.

The Company has legal, regulatory and environmental proceedings during the normal course of business that can result in loss contingencies. When evaluating the potential for a loss, the Company will establish a reserve if a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated, in which case it is the Company’s policy to accrue the full amount of such estimates. Where the information is sufficient only to establish a range of probable liability, and no point within the range is more likely than any other, it is the Company’s policy to accrue the lower end of the range. In the normal course of business, estimated amounts are subsequently adjusted to actual results that may differ from estimates.

In March 2020, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and has spread globally, including throughout the U.S. The Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect estimates and assumptions made by management that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods presented. The Company considered the impacts of COVID-19 on the assumptions and estimates used and determined that there have been no material adverse impacts on the Company’s results of operations as of December 31, 2022.

The Company continues to closely monitor developments related to the COVID-19 pandemic and has, when appropriate, taken steps to ensure business continuity in the safe operation of its business. These steps include working from home for office-based employees utilizing a hybrid schedule and limiting direct contact with customers. While the Company and many businesses generally have returned to normal operating practices, this remains an evolving situation. The timing for recovery of businesses and local economies, resurgences or mutations of the virus, and any potential future shutdowns remains unknown. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company has continued to provide essential services to our customers. Both the Company and NJNG continue to have sufficient liquidity to meet their current obligations and business operations remain fundamentally unchanged at this time. The Company will continue to monitor developments affecting its employees, customers, and operations and take additional steps to address the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts, as necessary. The Company considered the impacts of COVID-19 on the assumptions and estimates used and determined that there have been no material adverse impacts on the Company’s results of operations as of December 31, 2022.

Revenues

Revenues from the sale of natural gas to NJNG customers are recognized in the period that natural gas is delivered and consumed by customers, including an estimate for unbilled revenue. NJNG records unbilled revenue for natural gas services. Natural gas sales to individual customers are based on meter readings, which are performed on a systematic basis throughout the month. At the end of each month, the amount of natural gas delivered to each customer after the last meter reading through the end of the respective accounting period is estimated, and recognizes unbilled revenues related to these amounts. The unbilled revenue estimates are based on estimated customer usage by customer type, weather effects, unaccounted-for natural gas and the most current tariff rates.

~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV recognizes revenue when SRECs are transferred to counterparties. SRECs are physically delivered through the transfer of certificates as per contractual settlement schedules. The Clean Energy Act of 2018 established guidelines for the closure of the SREC registration program to new applicants in New Jersey. The SREC program officially closed to new qualified solar projects on April 30, 2020.

In December 2019, the BPU established the TREC as the successor to the SREC program. TRECs provide a fixed compensation base multiplied by an assigned project factor in order to determine their value. The project factor is determined by the type and location of the project, as defined.

In July 2021, the BPU established a new successor solar incentive program. ~~This~~The Administratively Determined Incentive Program ~~which we refer to as SREC IIs,~~ provides administratively set incentives for net metered residential projects and net metered non-residential projects of 5 MW or less. RECs generated through the production of electricity under this program are known as SREC IIs.

~~TREC &~~TRECs and SREC IIs generated are required to be purchased monthly by a REC program administrator as appointed by the BPU. Revenue isfor TRECs and SREC IIs are recognized ~~when RECs are generated~~upon generation and are transferred monthly based upon metered solar electricity activity.

Revenues for ~~Energy Services~~ES are recognized when the natural gas is physically delivered to the customer. In addition, changes in the fair value of derivatives that economically hedge the forecasted sales of the natural gas are recognized in operating revenues as they occur. ~~Energy Services~~ES also recognizes changes in the fair value of SREC derivative contracts as a component of operating revenues.

During December 2020, ~~Energy Services~~ES entered into a series of AMAs with an investment grade public utility to release pipeline capacity associated with certain natural gas transportation contracts, which commenced onin November 1, 2021. The AMAs include a series of temporary and permanent releases and revenue under these agreements is recognized as the performance obligations are satisfied. For temporary releases of pipeline capacity, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the agreed upon term. For permanent releases of pipeline capacity, which represent a transfer of contractual rights for such capacity, revenue is recognized upon the transfer of the underlying contractual rights. ~~Energy Services~~ES recognized ~~$20.0 million~~operating revenue of $9.5M and ~~$22.1 million of operating revenue~~$20.0M during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~Operations during the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.~~Operations. Amounts received in excess of revenue totaling ~~$87.2 million~~$116.8M and ~~$33.8 million~~$58.7M are included in deferred revenue on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively.

~~Storage and Transportation~~S&T generates revenues from firm storage contracts and transportation contracts, related usage fees and hub services for the use of storage space, injections and withdrawals from their natural gas storage facility and the delivery of natural gas to customers. Demand fees are recognized as revenue over the term of the related agreement while usage fees and hub services revenues are recognized as services are performed.

Revenues from all other activities are recorded in the period during which products or services are delivered and accepted by customers, or over the related contractual term. See Note 3. Revenue for further information.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit and temporary investments with maturities of three months or less, and excludes restricted cash related to escrow balances for utility plant projects at NJNG, which are recorded in other noncurrent assets on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total amounts in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as follows:


(Thousands)	(Thousands)	December 31, 2022		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
(Thousands)
(Thousands)
Balance Sheet
Balance Sheet
Balance Sheet	Balance Sheet
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,407	$	1,107	$	1,259
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash in other noncurrent assets
Restricted cash in other noncurrent assets
Restricted cash in other noncurrent assets	Restricted cash in other noncurrent assets	$	461	$	345	$	1,294
Statements of Cash Flow	Statements of Cash Flow
Statements of Cash Flow
Statements of Cash Flow
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	2,868	$	1,452	$	2,553
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company segregates financial assets, primarily trade receivables and unbilled revenues due in one year or less, into portfolio segments based on shared risk characteristics, such as geographical location and regulatory environment, for evaluation of expected credit losses. Historical and current information, such as average write-offs, are applied to each portfolio segment to estimate the allowance for losses on uncollectible receivables. Additionally, the allowance for losses on uncollectible receivables is adjusted for reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, which can include changing weather, commodity prices, regulations, and macroeconomic factors, such as unemployment rates among ~~others, including the estimated impact of the ongoing pandemic on the outstanding balances.~~others.

Loans Receivable

NJNG currently provides loans, with terms ranging from two to 10 years, to customers that elect to purchase and install certain energy-efficient equipment in accordance with its BPU-approved SAVEGREEN program. The loans are recognized at fair value on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has ~~$14.8 million~~$15.6M and ~~$14.5 million~~$15.1M recorded in other current assets as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively, and ~~$34.7 million~~$41.7M and $39.0M in other noncurrent assets as of ~~both~~ December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, related to the loans. The Company regularly evaluates the credit quality and collection profile of its customers. If NJNG determines a loan is impaired, the basis of the loan would be subject to regulatory review for recovery. As of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company has not recorded any impairments for SAVEGREEN loans.

Natural Gas in Storage

The following table summarizes natural gas in storage, at average cost by segment as of:


		December 31, 2022				September 30, 2022
	December 31, 2023													December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
($ in thousands)	($ in thousands)	Natural Gas in Storage			Bcf	Natural Gas in Storage			Bcf	($ in thousands)	Natural Gas in Storage	Bcf	Natural Gas in Storage		Bcf
Natural Gas Distribution			$	152,010	22.0		$	191,175	29.0
Energy Services			102,350		18.1		82,469		10.8
NJNG
ES
Total	Total		$	254,360	40.1		$	273,644	39.8

Software Costs

The Company capitalizes certain costs, such as software design and configuration, coding, testing and installation, that are incurred to purchase or create and implement computer software for internal use. Capitalized costs include external costs of materials and services utilized in developing or obtaining internal-use software and payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who are directly associated with and devote time to the internal-use software project. Maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Upgrades and enhancements are capitalized if it is probable that such expenditures will result in additional functionality. Amortization is recorded on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives.

The following tables present the software costs included in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:


(Thousands)	(Thousands)	December 31, 2022		September 30, 2022		(Thousands)	December 31, 2023	September 30, 2023
Balance Sheets	Balance Sheets
Utility plant, at cost
Utility plant, at cost
Utility plant, at cost	Utility plant, at cost	$	46,066	$	40,437
Construction work in progress	Construction work in progress	$	22,619	$	14,381
Nonutility plant and equipment, at cost	Nonutility plant and equipment, at cost	$	344	$	344

Accumulated depreciation and amortization, utility plant	Accumulated depreciation and amortization, utility plant	$	(4,229)	$	(3,361)
Accumulated depreciation and amortization, utility plant
Accumulated depreciation and amortization, utility plant
Accumulated depreciation and amortization, nonutility plant and equipment	Accumulated depreciation and amortization, nonutility plant and equipment	$	(28)	$	(25)
Software costs	Software costs	$	6,649	$	6,120


			Three Months Ended
			December 31,
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
		December 31,									December 31,
Statements of Operations	Statements of Operations			2022		2021		Statements of Operations	2023	2022
Operation and maintenance (1)	Operation and maintenance (1)			$	3,753	$	2,523
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization			$	871	$	299

(1)During both the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ approximately ~~$114,000 and $113,000, respectively,~~$0.1M was amortized from software costs into O&M.

Sale Leasebacks

NJNG utilizes sale leaseback arrangements as a financing mechanism to fund certain of its capital expenditures related to natural gas meters, whereby the physical asset is sold concurrent with an agreement to lease the asset back. These agreements include options to renew the lease or repurchase the asset at the end of the term. As NJNG retains control of the natural gas meters, these arrangements do not qualify as a sale. NJNG uses the financing method to account for the transactions. Proceeds from sale leaseback transactions are accounted for as financing arrangements and are included in long-term debt on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. ~~NJNG received $8.4 million and $17.3 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, in connection with the sale leaseback of its natural gas meters.~~

In addition, for certain of its commercial solar energy projects, the Company enters into lease agreements that provide for the sale of commercial solar energy assets to third parties and the concurrent leaseback of the assets. For sale leaseback transactions where the Company has concluded that the arrangement does not qualify as a sale as the Company retains control of the underlying assets, the Company uses the financing method to account for the transaction. Under the financing method, the Company recognizes the proceeds received from the buyer-lessor that constitute a payment to acquire the solar energy asset as a financing arrangement, which is recorded as a component of debt on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Clean Energy Ventures received proceeds of $33.2 million and $3.3 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, in connection with sale leasebacks of commercial solar assets. The proceeds received were recognized as a financing obligation on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Clean Energy Ventures simultaneously entered into agreements to lease the assets back over a term of ~~five~~
~~to 15 years.~~

The Company continues to operate the solar assets and is responsible for related expenses and entitled to retain the revenue generated from SRECs, TRECs, SREC IIs and energy sales. The ITCs and other tax benefits associated with these solar projects transfer to the buyer; however, the payments are structured so that ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV is compensated for the transfer of the related tax attributes. Accordingly, ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV recognizes the equivalent value of the tax attributes in other income on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations over the respective five-year ITC recapture periods, starting with the second year of the lease.

See Note 9. Debtfor more details regarding sale leaseback transactions recorded as financing arrangements.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table presents the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of related tax effects during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:

(Thousands) Cash Flow Hedges Postemployment Benefit Obligation Total
Balance at September 30, 2022 $ (8,322) $ 3,496 $ (4,826)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax of $(79), $(12) and $(91), respectively 263 41 (1) 304
Balance at December 31, 2022 $ (8,059) $ 3,537 $ (4,522)
Balance at September 30, 2021 $ (9,376) $ (25,152) $ (34,528)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax of $(79), $(233) and $(312), respectively 264 766 (1) 1,030
Balance at December 31, 2021 $ (9,112) $ (24,386) $ (33,498)


(Thousands)	Cash Flow Hedges		Postemployment Benefit Obligation			Total
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	(7,269)	$	(2,690)		$	(9,959)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax of $(79), $(40) and $(119), respectively	264		131		(1)	395

Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	(7,005)	$	(2,559)		$	(9,564)

Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	(8,322)	$	3,496		$	(4,826)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax of $(79), $(12) and $(91), respectively	263		41		(1)	304


Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	(8,059)	$	3,537		$	(4,522)

(1)Included in the computation of net periodic pension cost, a component of operations and maintenance expense on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Reclassification

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. Deferred income taxes and postemployment employee benefit assets previously classified within other noncurrent assets on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets have been reclassified to their own categories. Intangible assets, net previously classified in its own category on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets has been reclassified into other noncurrent assets. Other noncurrent assets and other noncurrent liabilities previously classified in their own categories on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow have been combined into one category.

Recently Adopted ~~Updates to the Accounting Standards Codification~~

~~Debt and Other~~

~~In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, an amendment to ASC 470,~~ ~~Debt, and ASC 815,~~ ~~Derivatives and Hedging~~, which changes the accounting for convertible instruments by reducing the number of acceptable accounting models to three models including, the embedded derivative, substantial premium, and traditional no proceeds allocated models. The Company adopted this guidance on October 1, 2022, and as the Company does not currently have convertible debt instruments, there was no impact on its financial position, results of operations, cash flows and disclosures upon adoption.

~~In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-04, an amendment to ASC 470,~~ ~~Debt, ASC 260,~~ ~~Earnings per Share, ASC 718,~~ ~~Stock Compensation, and ASC 815,~~ ~~Derivatives and Hedging.~~ The update impacts equity-classified written call options that remain equity-classified after a modification or exchange. The Company adopted this guidance on October 1, 2022, on a prospective basis. As the Company does not currently have equity-classified written call options, there was no impact on its financial position, results of operations, cash flows and disclosures upon adoption.

~~Leases~~

~~In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-05, an amendment to ASC 842,~~ ~~Leases~~, which requires a lessor to classify a lease with entirely or partially variable payments that do not depend on an index or rate as an operating lease if another classification, including sales-type or direct financing would trigger a loss at the lease commencement date. The Company adopted this guidance on October 1, 2022, on a prospective basis. The Company currently does not have any leases that meet this criteria, so there was no material impact on its financial position, results of operations, cash flows and disclosures upon adoption.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

~~Other Recent~~ Updates to the Accounting Standards Codification

Business Combinations

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, an amendment to ASC 805, Business Combinations, which requires that an acquirer recognize, and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The guidance iswas effective for the Company beginning October 1, 2023, and ~~will be~~was applied on a prospective basis to new acquisitions following the date of adoption. ~~The~~As the Company ~~is currently evaluating~~did not execute a transaction that would qualify as a business combination for the ~~amendment to understand the~~period ended December 31, 2023, there was no impact on its financial position, results of operations, cash flows and disclosures upon adoption.

Derivatives and Hedging

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-01, an amendment to ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, which addresses fair value hedge accounting of interest rate risk for portfolios of financial assets. This update further clarifies guidance previously released in ASU 2017-12 which established the "last-of-layer" method and this update renames that method as the “portfolio layer” method. The guidance iswas effective for the Company beginning October 1, ~~2023, and the transition method can be on a prospective basis for a multiple-layer hedging strategy or a modified retrospective basis for a portfolio layer method.~~2023. As the Company does not currently apply hedge accounting to any of its risk management activities, ~~it does not expect the amendment to have an~~there was no impact on its financial position, results of operations, cash flows and disclosures upon adoption.

Financial Instruments

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, an amendment to ASC 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, which eliminates the accounting guidance for creditors in troubled debt restructuring. It also aligns conflicting disclosure requirement guidance in ASC 326 by requiring disclosure of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination. The amendment also adds new disclosures for creditors with loan refinancing and restructuring for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The guidance iswas effective for the Company beginning October 1, ~~2023, and the Company can elect to apply it either on a modified retrospective or prospective basis. At this time,~~2023. Since the Company has not experienced a troubled debt restructuring, ~~and does not expect the amendments to have an~~there was no impact on its financial position, results of operations, ~~and~~ cash flows ~~upon adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the amendment to understand the impact on its~~and disclosures upon adoption.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Other Recent Updates to the Accounting Standards Codification

Fair Value Measurement

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03, an amendment to ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement,. The amendment clarifies the fair value principles when measuring the fair value of an equity security subject to a contractual sale restriction. The guidance is effective for the Company on October 1, 2024, and will be applied on a prospective basis. At this time, the Company does not have equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions, and therefore this amendment would only impact the Company upon adoption if, in the future, it entered into such transactions.

Leases

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-01, an amendment to ASC 842, Leases, which applies to arrangements between related parties under common control. This update requires that all entities with common control arrangements classify and account for these leases on the same basis as an arrangement with an unrelated party. If the lessee in these types of arrangements continues to control the use of the underlying asset through a lease, the leasehold improvements are to be amortized over the improvements’ useful life to the common control group, regardless of the lease term. The guidance is effective for the Company on October 1, 2024, and the Company will elect to apply it on a prospective basis. At this time, the Company does not have leases that are subject to this amendment, and therefore it would only impact the Company upon adoption if, in the future, it entered into such transactions.

Business Combinations

In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-05, an amendment to ASC 805, Business Combinations, which addresses how a joint venture should recognize contributions received upon its formation. Joint ventures must account for initial assets and liabilities received at fair value on the date the joint venture is formed. The guidance is effective for the Company for joint ventures formed beginning January 1, 2025, and the Company can elect to apply it either prospectively or retrospectively back to a joint venture’s formation date provided adequate information is available. Early adoption is permitted. This amendment would only impact the Company upon adoption if, in the future, it entered into an applicable transaction.

Segment Reporting

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, an amendment to ASC 280, Segment Reporting, which improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The update requires entities to disclosure significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within segment profit and loss, and it enhances interim disclosure requirements to conform with annual requirements. This update becomes effective for the Company on October 1, 2024 for the first annual period and on October 1, 2025 for the interim periods. It will be applied retrospectively for the enhanced segment disclosure requirements to all periods presented, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the amendment to understand the impacts on its financial position, results of operations, cash flows and disclosures upon adoption.

Income Taxes

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, an amendment to ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. It will provide investors more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital allocation decisions. The guidance is effective for the Company on October 1, 2025, and can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the amendment to understand the impacts on its financial position, results of operations, cash flows and disclosures upon adoption.

3. REVENUE

Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of a product or service to a customer. Revenue is measured based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer using the output method of progress. The Company elected to apply the invoice practical expedient for recognizing revenue, whereby the amounts invoiced to customers represent the value to the customer and the Company’s performance completion as of the invoice date. Therefore, the Company does not disclose related unsatisfied performance obligations. The Company also elected the practical expedient to exclude from the transaction price all sales taxes that are assessed by a governmental authority and therefore presents sales tax net in operating revenues on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Below is a listing of performance obligations that arise from contracts with customers, along with details on the satisfaction of each performance obligation, the significant payment terms and the nature of the goods and services being transferred, by reporting segment and other business operations:


Revenue Recognized Over Time:
Segment/ Operations	Performance Obligation	Description
~~Natural Gas Distribution~~NJNG	Natural gas utility sales	NJNG's performance obligation is to provide natural gas to residential, commercial and industrial customers as demanded, based on regulated tariff rates, which are established by the BPU. Revenues from the sale of natural gas are recognized in the period that natural gas is delivered and consumed by customers, including an estimate for quantities consumed but not billed during the period. Payment is due each month for the previous month's deliveries. Natural gas sales to individual customers are based on meter readings, which are performed on a systematic basis throughout the billing period. The unbilled revenue estimates are based on estimated customer usage by customer type, weather effects and the most current tariff rates. NJNG is entitled to be compensated for performance completed until service is terminated. Customers may elect to purchase the natural gas commodity from NJNG or may contract separately to purchase natural gas directly from third-party suppliers. As NJNG is acting as an agent on behalf of the third-party supplier, revenue is recorded for the delivery of natural gas to the customer.
~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV	Commercial solar electricity	~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV operates wholly-owned solar projects that recognize revenue as electricity is generated and transferred to the customer. The performance obligation is to provide electricity to the customer in accordance with contract terms or the interconnection agreement and is satisfied upon transfer of electricity generated. Revenue is recognized as invoiced and the payment is due each month for the previous month's services.
~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV	Residential solar electricity	~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV provides access to residential rooftop and ground-mount solar equipment to customers who then pay the Company a monthly fee. The performance obligation is to provide electricity to the customer based on generation from the underlying residential solar asset and is satisfied upon transfer of electricity generated. Revenue is derived from the contract terms and is recognized as invoiced, with the payment due each month for the previous month's services.
~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV	Renewable energy certificates	Certain ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV projects generate TRECs and SREC IIs under the established ~~administratively determined incentive program.~~Administratively Determined Incentive Program. A TREC or SREC II is created for every MWh of electricity produced by a solar generator. The performance obligation of ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV is to generate electricity. TRECs and SREC IIs under the ~~administratively determined incentive program~~Administratively Determined Incentive Program are purchased monthly by a REC Administrator. Revenue is recognized upon generation.
~~Energy Services~~ES	Natural gas services	The performance obligation of ~~Energy Services~~ES is to provide the customer transportation, storage and asset management services on an as-needed basis. ~~Energy Services~~ES generates revenue through management fees, demand charges, reservation fees and transportation charges centered around the buying and selling of the natural gas commodity, representing one series of distinct performance obligations. Revenue is recognized based upon the underlying natural gas quantities physically delivered and the customer obtaining control. ~~Energy Services~~ES invoices customers in line with the terms of the contract and based on the services provided. Payment is due upon receipt of the invoice. For temporary releases of pipeline capacity, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the agreed upon term.
~~Storage and Transportation~~


S&T	Natural gas services	The performance obligation of ~~Storage and Transportation~~S&T is to provide the customer with storage and transportation services. ~~Storage and Transportation~~S&T generates revenues from firm storage contracts and transportation contracts, injection and withdrawal at the storage facility and the delivery of natural gas to customers. Revenue is recognized over time as customers receive the benefits of its service as it is performed on their behalf using an output method based on actual deliveries. Demand fees are recognized as revenue over the term of the related agreement.

~~Home Services and Other~~HSO	Service contracts	Home Services enters into service contracts with homeowners to provide maintenance and replacement services of applicable heating, cooling or ventilation equipment. NJR Retail enters into warranty contracts with homeowners for various appliances. All services provided relate to a distinct performance obligation which is to provide services for the specific equipment over the term of the contract. Revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract and payment is due upon receipt of the invoice.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~


Revenue Recognized at a Point in Time:
Segment/ Operations	~~Performance Obligation~~	~~Description~~
~~Energy Services~~ES	Natural gas services	For a permanent release of pipeline capacity, the performance obligation of ~~Energy Services~~ES is the release of the pipeline capacity associated with certain natural gas transportation contracts and the transfer of the underlying contractual rights to the counterparty. Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of the underlying contractual rights.
~~Storage and Transportation~~

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)


Revenue Recognized at a Point in Time (continued):
Segment/ Operations	Performance Obligation	Description
S&T	Natural gas services	The performance obligation of ~~Storage and Transportation~~S&T is to provide the customer with storage and transportation services. ~~Storage and Transportation~~S&T generates revenues from usage fees and hub services for the use of storage space, injection and withdrawal from the storage facility. Hub services include park and loan transactions and wheeling. Usage fees and hub services revenues are recognized as services are performed.
~~Home Services and Other~~HSO	Installations	Home Services installs appliances, including but not limited to, furnaces, air conditioning units, boilers and generators for customers. The distinct performance obligation is the installation of the contracted appliance, which is satisfied at the point in time the item is installed. The transaction price for each installation differs accordingly. Revenue is recognized at a point in time upon completion of the installation, which is when the customer is billed.

Disaggregated revenues from contracts with customers by product line and by reporting segment and other business operations during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, are as follows:


(Thousands)	(Thousands)	Natural Gas Distribution		Clean Energy Ventures		Energy Services	Storage and Transportation	Home Services and Other	Total		(Thousands)	NJNG	CEV	ES	S&T	HSO	Total
2022
2023
Natural gas utility sales (1)
Natural gas utility sales (1)
Natural gas utility sales (1)	Natural gas utility sales (1)	$	288,167	—		—	—	—	$	288,167
Natural gas services	Natural gas services	—		—		27,848	26,838	—	54,686
Service contracts	Service contracts	—		—		—	—	8,661	8,661
Installations and maintenance	Installations and maintenance	—		—		—	—	5,605	5,605
Renewable energy certificates	Renewable energy certificates	—		1,202		—	—	—	1,202
Electricity sales	Electricity sales	—		7,704		—	—	—	7,704
Eliminations (2)	Eliminations (2)	(337)		—		—	(1,124)	(13)	(1,474)
Revenues from contracts with customers	Revenues from contracts with customers	287,830		8,906		27,848	25,714	14,253	364,551
Alternative revenue programs (3)	Alternative revenue programs (3)	(3,465)		—		—	—	—	(3,465)
Derivative instruments	Derivative instruments	73,044		3,886	(4)	293,934	—	—	370,864
Eliminations (2)	Eliminations (2)	—		—		(8,383)	—	—	(8,383)
Revenues out of scope	Revenues out of scope	69,579		3,886		285,551	—	—	359,016
Total operating revenues	Total operating revenues	$	357,409	12,792		313,399	25,714	14,253	$	723,567
2021
Natural gas utility sales		$	223,796	—		—	—	—	$	223,796
2022
Natural gas utility sales (1)
Natural gas utility sales (1)
Natural gas utility sales (1)
Natural gas services	Natural gas services	—		—		27,879	12,143	—	40,022
Service contracts	Service contracts	—		—		—	—	8,467	8,467
Installations and maintenance	Installations and maintenance	—		—		—	—	5,484	5,484
Renewable energy certificates	Renewable energy certificates	—		846		—	—	—	846
Electricity sales	Electricity sales	—		6,470		—	—	—	6,470
Eliminations (1)		(337)		—		—	(559)	(99)	(995)
Eliminations (2)
Revenues from contracts with customers	Revenues from contracts with customers	223,459		7,316		27,879	11,584	13,852	284,090
Alternative revenue programs (3)	Alternative revenue programs (3)	10,654		—		—	—	—	10,654
Derivative instruments	Derivative instruments	40,322		2,867	(4)	341,365	—	—	384,554
Eliminations (2)	Eliminations (2)	—		—		(3,456)	—	—	(3,456)
Revenues out of scope	Revenues out of scope	50,976		2,867		337,909	—	—	391,752
Total operating revenues	Total operating revenues	$	274,435	10,183		365,788	11,584	13,852	$	675,842

(1)Includes building rent related to the Wall headquarters, which is eliminated in consolidation.

(2)Consists of transactions between subsidiaries that are eliminated in consolidation.

(3)Includes CIP revenue.

(4)Includes SREC revenue.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Disaggregated revenues from contracts with customers by customer type and by reporting segment and other business operations during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, are as follows:


(Thousands)	(Thousands)	Natural Gas Distribution		Clean Energy Ventures	Energy Services	Storage and Transportation	Home Services and Other	Total		(Thousands)	NJNG	CEV	ES	S&T	HSO	Total
2022
2023
Residential
Residential
Residential	Residential	$	216,938	3,293	—	—	14,180	$	234,411
Commercial and industrial	Commercial and industrial	43,795		5,613	27,848	25,714	73	103,043
Firm transportation	Firm transportation	26,199		—	—	—	—	26,199
Interruptible and off-tariff		898		—	—	—	—	898
Interruptible, off-tariff and other
Revenues out of scope	Revenues out of scope	69,579		3,886	285,551	—	—	359,016
Total operating revenues	Total operating revenues	$	357,409	12,792	313,399	25,714	14,253	$	723,567
2021
2022
Residential
Residential
Residential	Residential	$	151,308	2,972	—	—	13,775	$	168,055
Commercial and industrial	Commercial and industrial	47,184		4,344	27,879	11,584	77	91,068
Firm transportation	Firm transportation	22,675		—	—	—	—	22,675
Interruptible and off-tariff		2,292		—	—	—	—	2,292
Interruptible, off-tariff and other
Revenues out of scope	Revenues out of scope	50,976		2,867	337,909	—	—	391,752
Total operating revenues	Total operating revenues	$	274,435	10,183	365,788	11,584	13,852	$	675,842

Customer Accounts Receivable/Credit Balances and Deposits

The timing of revenue recognition, customer billings and cash collections resulting in accounts receivables, billed and unbilled, and customers’ credit balances and deposits on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, are as follows:


		Customer Accounts Receivable				Customers' Credit
	Customer Accounts Receivable											Customer Accounts Receivable	Customers' Credit
(Thousands)	(Thousands)	Billed		Unbilled		Balances and Deposits		(Thousands)	Billed	Unbilled	Balances and Deposits
Balance as of September 30, 2023
Increase
Balance as of December 31, 2023
Balance as of September 30, 2022	Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	222,297	$	13,769	$	33,246
Increase	Increase	148,668		95,378		7,724
Balance as of December 31, 2022	Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	370,965	$	109,147	$	40,970
Balance as of September 30, 2021		$	212,838	$	10,351	$	32,586
Increase		53,977		62,598		6,080
Balance as of December 31, 2021		$	266,815	$	72,949	$	38,666

The following table provides information about receivables, which are included within accounts receivable, billed and unbilled, and customers’ credit balances and deposits, respectively, on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2022:~~2023:

(Thousands) Natural Gas Distribution Clean Energy Ventures Energy Services Storage and Transportation Home Services
and Other Total
December 31, 2022
Customer accounts receivable
Billed $ 147,629 5,508 206,374 9,350 2,104 $ 370,965
Unbilled 106,580 2,567 — — — 109,147
Customers' credit balances and deposits (40,967) — — (3) — (40,970)
Total $ 213,242 8,075 206,374 9,347 2,104 $ 439,142
September 30, 2022
Customer accounts receivable
Billed $ 78,508 5,566 129,199 7,012 2,012 $ 222,297
Unbilled 10,814 2,955 — — — 13,769
Customers' credit balances and deposits (33,246) — — — — (33,246)
Total $ 56,076 8,521 129,199 7,012 2,012 $ 202,820


(Thousands)	NJNG		CEV	ES	S&T	HSO	Total
December 31, 2023
Customer accounts receivable
Billed	$	112,364	8,391	40,372	7,169	2,176	$	170,472
Unbilled	86,961		4,970	—	—	—	91,931
Customers' credit balances and deposits	(45,446)		—	—	(15)	—	(45,461)
Total	$	153,879	13,361	40,372	7,154	2,176	$	216,942
September 30, 2023
Customer accounts receivable
Billed	$	55,234	9,962	23,716	6,577	2,051	$	97,540
Unbilled	10,784		8,316	—	—	—	19,100
Customers' credit balances and deposits	(44,898)		—	—	(12)	—	(44,910)
Total	$	21,120	18,278	23,716	6,565	2,051	$	71,730

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

4. REGULATION

NJNG is subject to cost-based regulation, therefore, it is permitted to recover authorized operating expenses and earn a reasonable return on its utility capital investments based on the BPU's approval. The impact of the ratemaking process and decisions authorized by the BPU allows NJNG to capitalize or defer certain costs that are expected to be recovered from its customers as regulatory assets and to recognize certain obligations representing amounts that are probable future expenditures as regulatory liabilities in accordance with accounting guidance applicable to regulated operations.

NJNG's recovery of costs is facilitated through its base rates, BGSS and other regulatory tariff riders. NJNG is required to make filings to the BPU for review of its BGSS, CIP and other programs and related rates. Annual rate changes are typically requested to be effective at the beginning of the following fiscal year. The current base rates include a weighted average cost of capital of ~~6.84 percent~~6.84% and a return on common equity of ~~9.6 percent.~~9.6%. All rate and program changes are subject to proper notification and BPU review and approval. In addition, NJNG is permitted to implement certain BGSS rate changes on a provisional basis with proper notification to the BPU.

Regulatory assets and liabilities included on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for NJNG are comprised of the following:


(Thousands)	(Thousands)	December 31, 2022		September 30, 2022		(Thousands)	December 31, 2023	September 30, 2023
Regulatory assets-current	Regulatory assets-current
New Jersey Clean Energy Program	New Jersey Clean Energy Program	$	14,090	$	15,697
New Jersey Clean Energy Program
New Jersey Clean Energy Program
Conservation Incentive Program	Conservation Incentive Program	19,633		23,099

Derivatives at fair value, net
Derivatives at fair value, net
Derivatives at fair value, net	Derivatives at fair value, net	26,314		—
Other current regulatory assets	Other current regulatory assets	1,318		1,290
Total current regulatory assets	Total current regulatory assets	$	61,355	$	40,086
Regulatory assets-noncurrent	Regulatory assets-noncurrent
Environmental remediation costs:	Environmental remediation costs:
Environmental remediation costs:
Environmental remediation costs:
Expended, net of recoveries
Expended, net of recoveries
Expended, net of recoveries	Expended, net of recoveries	$	65,671	$	66,149
Liability for future expenditures	Liability for future expenditures	125,727		127,070
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	40,732		40,520

SAVEGREEN	SAVEGREEN	54,909		52,690
SAVEGREEN
SAVEGREEN
Postemployment and other benefit costs	Postemployment and other benefit costs	55,972		56,021
Deferred storm damage costs		1,629		2,172

Cost of removal
Cost of removal
Cost of removal	Cost of removal	106,645		104,850

Other noncurrent regulatory assets
Other noncurrent regulatory assets
Other noncurrent regulatory assets	Other noncurrent regulatory assets	39,249		45,828
Total noncurrent regulatory assets	Total noncurrent regulatory assets	$	490,534	$	495,300
Regulatory liability-current	Regulatory liability-current
Overrecovered natural gas costs	Overrecovered natural gas costs	$	42,245	$	17,807
Overrecovered natural gas costs
Overrecovered natural gas costs

Derivatives at fair value, net		681		7,972

Total current regulatory liabilities

Total current regulatory liabilities

Total current regulatory liabilities	Total current regulatory liabilities	$	42,926	$	25,779
Regulatory liabilities-noncurrent	Regulatory liabilities-noncurrent
Tax Act impact (1)	Tax Act impact (1)	$	184,112	$	185,367
Derivatives at fair value, net		—		116
Tax Act impact (1)
Tax Act impact (1)

Other noncurrent regulatory liabilities

Other noncurrent regulatory liabilities

Other noncurrent regulatory liabilities	Other noncurrent regulatory liabilities	628		151
Total noncurrent regulatory liabilities	Total noncurrent regulatory liabilities	$	184,740	$	185,634

(1)Reflects the re-measurement and subsequent amortization of NJNG's net deferred tax liabilities as a result of the change in federal tax rates enacted in the Tax Act.

~~Other noncurrent regulatory assets include deferred pandemic costs of approximately $3.9 million~~ The Tax Act is an Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and ~~$6.9 million as of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, respectively, primarily related to a portion of bad debt associated with customer accounts receivable resulting from the impacts~~V of the ~~ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. These costs are eligible~~Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for ~~future regulatory recovery. On January 5, 2023, NJNG advised the BPU that it will cease deferring COVID-19 costs~~Fiscal Year 2018, previously known as The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of ~~December 31, 2022, and will seek recovery of its regulatory asset balance in its next base rate proceeding.~~2017.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Regulatory assets and liabilities included on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for Adelphia ~~Gateway~~ are comprised of the following:

(Thousands)

December 31,
2022

September 30,
2022

(Thousands)

December 31,
2023

September 30,
2023

Total noncurrent regulatory assets

5,316

5,366

Total noncurrent regulatory assets

Total current regulatory liabilities

6,456

5,311

The assets are comprised primarily of the tax benefit associated with the equity component of AFUDC and the liability consists primarily of scheduling penalties. Recovery of regulatory assets is subject to FERC approval.

Regulatory filings and/or actions that occurred during the current fiscal year include the following:

•On November 9, 2023, NJNG filed a letter petition seeking BPU approval to extend NJNG’s current SAVEGREEN program through December 31, 2024, with an additional $76.9M in order to meet customer demand for this program.

•On December 1, 2023, NJNG filed a petition seeking BPU approval of its 2024 SAVEGREEN program, which would support new energy efficiency, demand response and building decarbonization start-up programs for two and a half-years starting January 1, 2025 through June 30, 2027. The 2024 SAVEGREEN program includes $245.1M of direct investment, $217.2M in financing options and $20.1M in O&M.

•On January 31, 2024, NJNG filed a base rate case with the BPU requesting a natural gas revenue increase of $222.6M including a rate recovery of infrastructure investments and a change in the Company’s overall rate of return on rate base to 7.57%.

5. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The Company is subject primarily to commodity price risk due to fluctuations in the market price of natural gas, SRECs and electricity. To manage this risk, the Company enters into a variety of derivative instruments including, but not limited to, futures contracts, physical forward contracts, financial options and swaps to economically hedge the commodity price risk associated with its existing and anticipated commitments to purchase and sell natural gas, SRECs and electricity. In addition, the Company is exposed to foreign currency and interest rate risk and may utilize foreign currency derivatives to hedge Canadian dollar denominated natural gas purchases and/or sales and interest rate derivatives to reduce exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. All of these types of contracts are accounted for as derivatives, unless the Company elects NPNS, which is done on a contract-by-contract election. Accordingly, all of the financial and certain of the Company's physical derivative instruments are recorded at fair value on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For a more detailed discussion of the Company’s fair value measurement policies and level disclosures associated with the Company’s derivative instruments, see Note 6. Fair Value.

Energy Services

~~Energy Services~~ES chooses not to designate its financial commodity and physical forward commodity derivatives as accounting hedges or to elect NPNS. The changes in the fair value of these derivatives are recorded as a component of natural gas purchases or operating revenues, as appropriate for ~~Energy Services,~~ES, on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as unrealized gains or losses. For ~~Energy Services~~ES at settlement, realized gains and losses on all financial derivative instruments are recognized as a component of natural gas purchases and realized gains and losses on all physical derivatives follow the presentation of the related unrealized gains and losses as a component of either natural gas purchases or operating revenues.

~~Energy Services~~ES also enters into natural gas transactions in Canada and, consequently, is exposed to fluctuations in the value of Canadian currency relative to the U.S. dollar. ~~Energy Services~~ES may utilize foreign currency derivatives to lock in the exchange rates associated with natural gas transactions denominated in Canadian currency. The derivatives may include currency forwards, futures, or swaps and are accounted for as derivatives. These derivatives are typically used to hedge demand fee payments on pipeline capacity, storage and natural gas purchase agreements.

As a result of ~~Energy Services~~ES entering into transactions to borrow natural gas, commonly referred to as “park and loans,” an embedded derivative is recognized relating to differences between the fair value of the amount borrowed and the fair value of the amount that will ultimately be repaid, based on changes in the forward price for natural gas prices at the borrowed location over the contract term. This embedded derivative is accounted for as a forward sale in the month in which the repayment of the borrowed natural gas is expected to occur, and is considered a derivative transaction that is recorded at fair value on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, with changes in value recognized in current period earnings.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Expected production of SRECs is hedged through the use of forward and futures contracts. All contracts require the Company to physically deliver SRECs through the transfer of certificates as per contractual settlement schedules. ~~Energy Services~~ES recognizes changes in the fair value of these derivatives as a component of operating revenues. Upon settlement of the contract, the related revenue is recognized when the SREC is transferred to the counterparty.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

Natural Gas Distribution

Changes in fair value of NJNG's financial commodity derivatives are recorded as a component of regulatory assets or liabilities on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company elects NPNS accounting treatment on all physical commodity contracts that NJNG entered into on or before December 31, 2015, and accounts for these contracts on an accrual basis. Accordingly, physical natural gas purchases are recognized in regulatory assets or liabilities on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets when the contract settles and the natural gas is delivered. The average cost of natural gas is charged to expense in the current period earnings based on the BGSS factor times the therm sales. ~~Effective for contracts executed on or after January 1, 2016,~~ NJNG no longer elects NPNS accounting treatment on a portfolio basis. However, since NPNS is a contract-by-contract election, where it makes sense to do so, NJNG can and may elect to treat certain contracts as normal. Because NJNG recovers these amounts through future BGSS rates as increases or decreases to the cost of natural gas in NJNG’s tariff for natural gas service, the changes in fair value of these contracts are deferred as a component of regulatory assets or liabilities on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Clean Energy Ventures

The Company elects NPNS accounting treatment on PPA contracts executed by ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV that meet the definition of a derivative and accounts for the contract on an accrual basis. Accordingly, electricity sales are recognized in revenues throughout the term of the PPA as electricity is delivered. NPNS is a contract-by-contract election and where it makes sense to do so, the Company can and may elect to treat certain contracts as normal.

Fair Value of Derivatives

The following table presents the fair value of the Company's derivative assets and liabilities recognized on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of:


						Derivatives at Fair Value
						December 31, 2022						September 30, 2022
					Derivatives at Fair Value																			Derivatives at Fair Value
			December 31, 2023																				December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
(Thousands)	(Thousands)	Balance Sheet Location		Assets				Liabilities			Assets			Liabilities			(Thousands)	Balance Sheet Location	Assets	Liabilities	Assets	Liabilities
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:	Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Natural Gas Distribution:
NJNG:
NJNG:
NJNG:
Physical commodity contracts
Physical commodity contracts
Physical commodity contracts	Physical commodity contracts	Derivatives - current				$	710		$	29		$	252		$	11

Financial commodity contracts
Financial commodity contracts
Financial commodity contracts	Financial commodity contracts	Derivatives - current				4,893			7,352			85			6,281

Energy Services:
ES:

ES:

ES:
Physical commodity contracts	Physical commodity contracts	Derivatives - current				7,888			14,549			9,857			17,051
Physical commodity contracts
Physical commodity contracts
	Derivatives - noncurrent
Financial commodity contracts
	Derivatives - noncurrent
		Derivatives - noncurrent				7			15,354			376			13,561
Financial commodity contracts		Derivatives - current				31,187			26,174			14,423			26,488
		Derivatives - noncurrent				3,438			8,123			6,009			630
Foreign currency contracts		Derivatives - current				—			—			18			17

Total fair value of derivatives	Total fair value of derivatives					$	48,123		$	71,581		$	31,020		$	64,039

Total fair value of derivatives

Total fair value of derivatives

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

Offsetting of Derivatives

The Company transacts under master netting arrangements or equivalent agreements that allow it to offset derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty. However, the Company’s policy is to present its derivative assets and liabilities on a gross basis at the contract level unit of account on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following table summarizes the reported gross amounts, the amounts that the Company has the right to offset but elects not to, financial collateral and the net amounts the Company could present on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets but elects not to.

(Thousands)
Amounts Presented on Balance Sheets (1)
Offsetting Derivative Instruments (2)
Financial Collateral Received/Pledged (3)
Net Amounts (4)
As of December 31, 2022:
Derivative assets:
Energy Services
Physical commodity contracts $ 7,895 $ (1,698) $ (1,310) $ 4,887
Financial commodity contracts 34,625 (14,224) — 20,401
Total Energy Services $ 42,520 $ (15,922) $ (1,310) $ 25,288
Natural Gas Distribution
Physical commodity contracts $ 710 $ — $ — $ 710
Financial commodity contracts 4,893 (4,893) — —
Total Natural Gas Distribution $ 5,603 $ (4,893) $ — $ 710
Derivative liabilities:
Energy Services
Physical commodity contracts $ 29,903 $ (1,698) $ — $ 28,205
Financial commodity contracts 34,297 (14,224) — 20,073
Total Energy Services $ 64,200 $ (15,922) $ — $ 48,278
Natural Gas Distribution
Physical commodity contracts $ 29 $ — $ — $ 29
Financial commodity contracts 7,352 (4,893) — 2,459
Total Natural Gas Distribution $ 7,381 $ (4,893) $ — $ 2,488
As of September 30, 2022:
Derivative assets:
Energy Services
Physical commodity contracts $ 10,233 $ (404) $ (200) $ 9,629
Financial commodity contracts 20,432 (12,198) — 8,234
Foreign currency contracts 18 (17) — 1
Total Energy Services $ 30,683 $ (12,619) $ (200) $ 17,864
Natural Gas Distribution
Physical commodity contracts $ 252 $ — $ — $ 252
Financial commodity contracts 85 (85) — —
Total Natural Gas Distribution $ 337 $ (85) $ — $ 252
Derivative liabilities:
Energy Services
Physical commodity contracts $ 30,612 $ (404) $ — $ 30,208
Financial commodity contracts 27,118 (12,198) — 14,920
Foreign currency contracts 17 (17) — —
Total Energy Services $ 57,747 $ (12,619) $ — $ 45,128
Natural Gas Distribution
Physical commodity contracts $ 11 $ — $ — $ 11
Financial commodity contracts 6,281 (85) — 6,196
Total Natural Gas Distribution $ 6,292 $ (85) $ — $ 6,207


	Asset Derivatives						Liability Derivatives
(Thousands)	Fair Value (1)		Amounts Offset (2)	Collateral Received/Pledged (3)	Net Value (4)		Fair Value (1)		Amounts Offset (2)	Collateral Received/Pledged (3)	Net Value (4)
As of December 31, 2023
ES Contracts
Physical commodity	$	9,784	(561)	—	$	9,223	$	16,015	(561)	—	$	15,454
Financial commodity	20,184		(3,475)	(16,709)	—		3,475		(3,475)	—	—

Total ES	$	29,968	(4,036)	(16,709)	$	9,223	$	19,490	(4,036)	—	$	15,454
NJNG Contracts
Physical commodity	$	109	(7)	—	$	102	$	749	(7)	—	$	742
Financial commodity	8,872		(421)	—	8,451		421		(421)	—	—

Total NJNG	$	8,981	(428)	—	$	8,553	$	1,170	(428)	—	$	742
As of September 30, 2023
ES Contracts
Physical commodity	$	7,011	(1,236)	—	$	5,775	$	20,627	(1,236)	(9,728)	$	9,663
Financial commodity	19,155		(2,977)	(16,178)	—		2,977		(2,977)	—	—

Total ES	$	26,166	(4,213)	(16,178)	$	5,775	$	23,604	(4,213)	(9,728)	$	9,663
NJNG Contracts
Physical commodity	$	43	(3)	—	$	40	$	488	(3)	—	$	485
Financial commodity	6,110		(20)	—	6,090		20		(20)	—	—

Total NJNG	$	6,153	(23)	—	$	6,130	$	508	(23)	—	$	485

(1)Derivative assets and liabilities are presented on a gross basis on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as the Company does not elect balance sheet offsetting under ASC 210-20.

(2)Includes transactions with NAESB netting election, transactions held by FCMs with net margining and transactions with ISDA netting.

(3)Financial collateral includes cash balances at FCMs as well as cash received from or pledged to other counterparties.

(4)Net amounts represent presentation of derivative assets and liabilities if the Company were to elect balance sheet offsetting under ASC 210-20.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

~~Energy Services~~ES utilizes financial derivatives to economically hedge the gross margin associated with the purchase of physical natural gas to be used for storage injection and its subsequent sale at a later date. The gains or (losses) on the financial transactions that are economic hedges of the cost of the purchased natural gas are recognized prior to the gains or (losses) on the physical transaction, which are recognized in earnings when the natural gas is delivered. Therefore, mismatches between the timing of the recognition of realized gains or (losses) on the financial derivative instruments and gains or (losses) associated with the actual sale of the natural gas that is being economically hedged along with fair value changes in derivative instruments, creates volatility in the results of ~~Energy Services,~~ES, although the Company's intended economic results relating to the entire transaction are unaffected.

The following table presents the effect of derivative instruments recognized on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the periods set forth below:

(Thousands)

Location of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives

Amount of gain (loss) recognized
in income on derivatives

Three Months Ended

December 31,

(Thousands)

Location of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives

Amount of gain (loss) recognized
in income on derivatives

Three Months Ended

December 31,

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:

2022

2021

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:

2023

2022

Energy Services:

ES:

Physical commodity contracts

Operating revenues

10,038

150

Physical commodity contracts

Natural gas purchases

(670)

1,505

Financial commodity contracts

Natural gas purchases

41,611

61,189

Total unrealized and realized loss

50,979

62,844

Total unrealized and realized gain

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

NJNG’s derivative contracts are part of the Company's risk management activities that relate to its natural gas purchases and BGSS incentive programs. At settlement, the resulting gains and/or losses are payable to or recoverable from utility customers and are deferred in regulatory assets or liabilities resulting in no impact to earnings. The following table reflects the gains (losses) associated with NJNG's derivative instruments for the periods set forth below:

Three Months Ended

December 31,

Three Months Ended

December 31,

(Thousands)

2022

2021

(Thousands)

2023

2022

Natural Gas Distribution:

NJNG:

Physical commodity contracts

(28,031)

1,696

Financial commodity contracts

(31,663)

(14,647)

Total unrealized and realized loss

(59,694)

(12,951)

Total unrealized and realized gain (loss)

During fiscal 2020, NJR entered into treasury lock transactions to fix the benchmark treasury rate associated with debt issuances that were finalized in 2020. NJR designates its treasury lock contracts as cash flow hedges; therefore, changes in fair value of the effective portion of the hedges are recorded in OCI and upon settlement of the contracts, realized gains and (losses) are reclassified from OCI to interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations ratable over the term of the associated debt. ~~The following table reflects~~Pre-tax losses of $0.3M were reclassified during both the ~~effect of derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges in OCI for the periods set forth below:~~

(Thousands) Amount of pre-tax gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives Location of gain (loss) reclassified from OCI into income Amount of pre-tax gain (loss) reclassified from OCI into income
Three Months Ended Three Months Ended
December 31, December 31,
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships: 2022 2021 2022 2021
Interest rate contracts $ — $ — Interest expense $ (343) $ (343)
three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

NJNG and ~~Energy Services~~ES had the following outstanding long (short) derivatives as of:


			Volume (Bcf)
		Transaction Type	December 31, 2022	September 30, 2022
Natural Gas Distribution	Natural Gas Distribution	Futures	23.1	30.5			Natural Gas Distribution			Energy Services

		Physical Commodity	1.8	6.8

Energy Services		Futures	(10.7)	(0.7)

		Physical Commodity	(5.2)	2.7

Volumes (Bcf)					Volumes (Bcf)	Futures		Physical Commodity	Futures		Physical Commodity
December 31, 2023					December 31, 2023	17.7		7.8	(10.0)		(1.6)
September 30, 2023					September 30, 2023	32.1		12.1	(6.9)		0.2

Not included in the above table are ~~1.4 million~~1.2M and ~~1.2 million~~1.3M SRECs that were open as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively, and the notional amount of foreign currency transactions for the periods were immaterial.

Broker Margin

Futures exchanges have contract specific margin requirements that require the posting of cash or cash equivalents relating to traded contracts. Margin requirements consist of initial margin that is posted upon the initiation of a position, maintenance margin that is usually expressed as a percent of initial margin, and variation margin that fluctuates based on the daily marked-to-market relative to maintenance margin requirements.

The Company maintains separate broker margin accounts for ~~Natural Gas Distribution~~NJNG and ~~Energy Services.~~ES. The balances by reporting segment are as follows:

(Thousands) Balance Sheet Location December 31,
2022 September 30,
2022
Natural Gas Distribution Restricted broker margin accounts-current assets $ 23,846 $ 26,138
Energy Services Restricted broker margin accounts-current assets $ 69,327 $ 68,123
Restricted broker margin accounts-current liabilities $ 7,297 $ —


(Thousands)	Balance Sheet Location	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
NJNG	Restricted broker margin accounts-current assets	$	6,161	$	5,915

ES	Restricted broker margin accounts-current assets	$	13,170	$	14,881
	Restricted broker margin accounts-current liabilities	$	12,419	$	8,029

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Wholesale Credit Risk

NJNG, ~~Energy Services, Clean Energy Ventures~~ES, CEV and ~~Storage and Transportation~~S&T are exposed to credit risk as a result of their sales/wholesale marketing activities. As a result of the inherent volatility in the prices of natural gas commodities, derivatives and SRECs, the market value of contractual positions with individual counterparties could exceed established credit limits or collateral provided by those counterparties. If a counterparty fails to perform the obligations under its contract then the Company could sustain a loss.

The Company monitors and manages the credit risk of its wholesale operations through credit policies and procedures that management believes reduce overall credit risk. These policies include a review and evaluation of current and prospective counterparties' financial statements and/or credit ratings, daily monitoring of counterparties' credit limits and exposure, daily communication with traders regarding credit status and the use of credit mitigation measures, such as collateral requirements and netting agreements. Examples of collateral include letters of credit and cash received for either prepayment or margin deposit. Collateral may be requested due to the Company's election not to extend credit or because exposure exceeds defined thresholds. Most of the Company's wholesale marketing contracts contain standard netting provisions. These contracts include those governed by ISDA and the NAESB. The netting provisions refer to payment netting, whereby receivables and payables with the same counterparty are offset and the resulting net amount is paid to the party to which it is due.

Internally-rated exposure applies to counterparties that are not rated by Fitch or Moody's. In these cases, the counterparty's or guarantor's financial statements are reviewed, and similar methodologies and ratios used by Fitch and/or Moody's are applied to arrive at a substitute rating. Gross credit exposure is defined as the unrealized fair value of physical and financial derivative commodity contracts, plus any outstanding wholesale receivable for the value of natural gas delivered and/or financial derivative commodity contract that has settled for which payment has not yet been received.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

The following is a summary of gross credit exposures grouped by investment and noninvestment grade counterparties, as of December 31, ~~2022.~~2023. The amounts presented below have not been reduced by any collateral received or netting and exclude accounts receivable for NJNG retail natural gas sales and services and ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV residential solar installations.


(Thousands)	Gross Credit Exposure
Investment grade		$	~~263,489~~141,847
Noninvestment grade		~~75,575~~16,544
Internally rated investment grade		~~34,871~~24,722
Internally rated noninvestment grade		~~46,725~~27,535
Total		$	~~420,660~~210,648

Conversely, certain of NJNG's and ~~Energy Services'~~ES' derivative instruments are linked to agreements containing provisions that would require cash collateral payments from the Company if certain events occur. These provisions vary based upon the terms in individual counterparty agreements and can result in cash payments if NJNG's credit rating were to fall below its current level. Specifically, most, but not all, of these additional payments will be triggered if NJNG's debt is downgraded by the major credit agencies, regardless of investment grade status. In addition, some of these agreements include threshold amounts that would result in additional collateral payments if the values of derivative liabilities were to exceed the maximum values provided for in relevant counterparty agreements. Other provisions include payment features that are not specifically linked to ratings but are based on certain financial metrics.

Collateral amounts associated with any of these conditions are determined based on a sliding scale and are contingent upon the degree to which the Company's credit rating and/or financial metrics deteriorate, and the extent to which liability amounts exceed applicable threshold limits. There was approximately ~~$258,000~~$0.1M of derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that were in a liability position for which collateral is required as of both December 31, ~~2022.~~2023 and September 30, 2023. These amounts differ from the respective net derivative liabilities reflected on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets because the agreements also include clauses, commonly known as “Rights of Offset,” that would permit the Company to offset its derivative assets against its derivative liabilities for determining additional collateral to be posted, as previously discussed.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

6. FAIR VALUE

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, current loan receivables, accounts payable, commercial paper and borrowings under revolving credit facilities are estimated to equal their carrying amounts due to the short maturity of those instruments. Non-current loans receivable are recorded based on what the Company expects to receive, which approximates fair value, in other noncurrent assets on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company regularly evaluates the credit quality and collection profile of its customers to approximate fair value.

The estimated fair value of long-term debt, including current maturities, excluding natural gas meter finance ~~leases,~~arrangements, debt issuance costs and solar asset financing obligations, is as follows:


(Thousands)	(Thousands)	December 31, 2022		September 30, 2022		(Thousands)	December 31, 2023	September 30, 2023
Carrying value (1) (2) (3)		$	2,537,845	$	2,362,845
Carrying value (1) (2)
Fair market value	Fair market value	$	2,153,688	$	1,946,356

(1)~~Excludes finance leases of $37.0 million and $30.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, respectively.~~

~~(2)~~Excludes NJNG's debt issuance costs of ~~$10.0 million~~$10.2M and ~~$9.5 million~~$9.8M as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively.

~~(3)~~(2)Excludes NJR's debt issuance costs of ~~$4.2 million~~$3.5M and ~~$3.8 million~~$3.7M as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively.

~~Clean Energy Ventures~~The Company enters into sale leaseback transactions ~~to sell~~for certain commercial solar assets and ~~lease the assets back for a term specified in the lease.~~natural gas meters. These transactions ~~are considered financing obligations for accounting purposes and~~ are recorded within long-term debt on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The carrying value of solar sale leasebacks was $296.3M and $278.4M and the estimated fair value was $297.0M and $268.1M as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively. The carrying value of the natural gas meter sale leasebacks was $38.2M and $31.4M and the estimated fair value of ~~solar asset financing obligations~~certain natural gas meter sale leasebacks amounted to $29.8M and $20.9M as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2022 was $154.9 million and $124.1 million,~~2023, respectively.

The Company utilizes a discounted cash flow method to determine the fair value of its debt. Inputs include observable municipal and corporate yields, as appropriate for the maturity of the specific issue and the Company's credit rating. As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company discloses its debt within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

Fair Value Hierarchy

The Company applies fair value measurement guidance to its financial assets and liabilities, as appropriate, which include financial derivatives and physical commodity contracts qualifying as derivatives, investments in equity securities and other financial assets and liabilities. In addition, authoritative accounting literature prescribes the use of a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value based on the source of the data used to develop the price inputs.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to inputs that are based on unobservable market data and includes the following:

~~Level 1~~Unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. The Company's Level 1 assets and liabilities include exchange traded natural gas futures and options contracts, listed equities and money market funds. Exchange traded futures and options contracts include all energy contracts traded on the NYMEX, CME and ICE that the Company refers to internally as basis swaps, fixed swaps, futures and financial options that are cleared through an FCM.

~~Level 2~~Other significant observable inputs such as interest rates or price data, including both commodity and basis pricing that is observed either directly or indirectly from publications or pricing services. The Company's Level 2 assets and liabilities include over-the-counter physical forward commodity contracts and swap contracts, SREC forward sales or derivatives that are initially valued using observable quotes and are subsequently adjusted to include time value, credit risk or estimated transport pricing components for which no basis price is available. Level 2 financial derivatives consist of transactions with non-FCM counterparties (basis swaps, fixed swaps and/or options). Inputs are verifiable and do not require significant management judgment. For some physical commodity contracts the Company utilizes transportation tariff rates that are publicly available and that it considers to be observable inputs that are equivalent to market data received from an independent source. There are no significant judgments or adjustments applied to the transportation tariff inputs and no market perspective is required. Even if the transportation tariff input were considered to be a “model,” it would still be considered to be a Level 2 input as the data is:

•~~widely accepted and public;~~

•~~non-proprietary and sourced from an independent third party; and~~

•~~observable and published.~~

~~These additional adjustments are generally not considered to be significant to the ultimate recognized values.~~

~~Level 3Inputs derived from a significant amount of unobservable market data. These include the Company's~~


Fair Value Hierarchy	Description of Fair Value Level	Fair Value Technique
Level 1	Unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets	The Company’s Level 1 assets and liabilities include exchange-traded natural gas futures and options contracts, listed equities and money market funds. Exchange-traded futures and options contracts include all energy contracts traded on the NYMEX, CME and ICE that the Company refers to internally as basis swaps, fixed swaps, futures and financial options that are cleared through an FCM.
Level 2	Other significant observable inputs, such as interest rates or price data, including both commodity and basis pricing that is observed either directly or indirectly from publications or pricing services	The Company’s Level 2 assets and liabilities include over-the-counter physical forward commodity contracts and swap contracts, SREC forward sales or derivatives that are initially valued using observable quotes and are subsequently adjusted to include time value, credit risk or estimated transport pricing components for which no basis price is available. Level 2 financial derivatives consist of transactions with non-FCM counterparties (basis swaps, fixed swaps and/or options). Inputs are verifiable and do not require significant management judgment. For some physical commodity contracts, the Company utilizes transportation tariff rates that are publicly available and that it considers to be observable inputs that are equivalent to market data received from an independent source. There are no significant judgments or adjustments applied to the transportation tariff inputs and no market perspective is required. Even if the transportation tariff input were considered to be a “model,” it would still be considered to be a Level 2 input as the data is: •widely accepted and public; •non-proprietary and sourced from an independent third party; and •observable and published. These additional adjustments are generally not considered to be significant to the ultimate recognized values.
Level 3	Inputs derived from a significant amount of unobservable market data	These include the Company’s best estimate of fair value and are derived primarily through the use of internal valuation methodologies.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized as follows:


		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets			Significant Other Observable Inputs			Significant Unobservable Inputs
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Thousands)	(Thousands)	(Level 1)			(Level 2)			(Level 3)			Total
As of December 31, 2022:
(Thousands)
(Thousands)													(Level 1)	(Level 2)	(Level 3)	Total
As of December 31, 2023
Assets:	Assets:
Assets:
Assets:
Physical commodity contracts
Physical commodity contracts
Physical commodity contracts	Physical commodity contracts		$	—		$	8,605		$	—	$	8,605
Financial commodity contracts	Financial commodity contracts		39,518			—			—		39,518

Money market funds

Money market funds

Money market funds	Money market funds		82			—			—		82
Other	Other		2,720			—			—		2,720
Total assets at fair value	Total assets at fair value		$	42,320		$	8,605		$	—	$	50,925
Liabilities:	Liabilities:
Physical commodity contracts	Physical commodity contracts		$	—		$	29,932		$	—	$	29,932
Physical commodity contracts
Physical commodity contracts
Financial commodity contracts	Financial commodity contracts		41,649			—			—		41,649

Total liabilities at fair value	Total liabilities at fair value		$	41,649		$	29,932		$	—	$	71,581

Total liabilities at fair value

Total liabilities at fair value

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)


	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Thousands)
(Thousands)
(Thousands)													(Level 1)	(Level 2)	(Level 3)	Total
As of September 30, 2023
Assets:
Assets:
Assets:
Physical commodity contracts
Physical commodity contracts
Physical commodity contracts
Financial commodity contracts

		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets			Significant Other Observable Inputs			Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Thousands)		(Level 1)			(Level 2)			(Level 3)			Total
As of September 30, 2022:
Assets:
Physical commodity contracts			$	—		$	10,485		$	—	$	10,485
Financial commodity contracts			20,517			—			—		20,517
Financial commodity contracts - foreign exchange			—			18			—		18
Money market funds

Money market funds

Money market funds	Money market funds		59			—			—		59
Other	Other		1,884			—			—		1,884
Total assets at fair value	Total assets at fair value		$	22,460		$	10,503		$	—	$	32,963
Liabilities:	Liabilities:
Physical commodity contracts	Physical commodity contracts		$	—		$	30,623		$	—	$	30,623
Physical commodity contracts
Physical commodity contracts
Financial commodity contracts	Financial commodity contracts		33,231			168			—		33,399
Financial commodity contracts - foreign exchange			—			17			—		17

Total liabilities at fair value	Total liabilities at fair value		$	33,231		$	30,808		$	—	$	64,039
Total liabilities at fair value
Total liabilities at fair value

7. INVESTMENTS IN EQUITY INVESTEES

~~Steckman Ridge~~

The Company holds a ~~50 percent~~50% equity method investment in Steckman Ridge, a jointly owned and controlled natural gas storage facility located in Bedford County, Pennsylvania. The Company's investment in Steckman Ridge was ~~$106.2 million~~$103.3M and ~~$106.6 million~~$104.1M as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively, which include loans with a total outstanding principal balance of ~~$70.4 million~~$70.4M for both December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2022.~~2023. On October 1, 2023, we entered into an Amended and Restated Loan Agreement with Steckman Ridge to extend the existing loan agreement for an additional five years and moved from London Interbank Offered Rate to SOFR. These loans accrue interest at a variable rate that resets quarterly and are now due October 1, ~~2023.~~2027.

NJNG and ~~Energy Services~~ES have entered into storage and park and loan agreements with Steckman Ridge. See Note 15. Related Party Transactions for more information on these intercompany transactions.

~~PennEast~~

8. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company, through its subsidiary NJR Midstream Company, is a 20 percent investor in PennEast, a partnership whose purpose was to construct and operate a 120-mile natural gas pipeline that would have extended from northeast Pennsylvania to western New Jersey.

~~During~~following table presents the third quarter of fiscal 2021, the Company recognized an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $92.0 million, or approximately $74.5 million, net of income taxes, which represented the best estimatecalculation of the ~~salvage value~~Company's basic and diluted earnings per share for:


	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
(Thousands, except per share amounts)		2023		2022
Net income, as reported		$	89,411	$	115,921
Basic earnings per share
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding-basic		97,869		96,485
Basic earnings per common share		$0.91		$1.20
Diluted earnings per share
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding-basic		97,869		96,485
Incremental shares (1)		694		598
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding-diluted		98,563		97,083
Diluted earnings per common share		$0.91		$1.19

(1)Incremental shares consist primarily of unvested stock awards and performance units, which are calculated using the remaining assets of the project and was recorded in equity in earnings of affiliates in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. In September 2021, the PennEast partnership determined that this project was no longer supported, and all further development ceased.

treasury stock method.

In March 2022, the PennEast board of managers approved cash distributions to members of the partnership following the sale of certain project-related assets and refunds of interconnection fees received from interstate pipelines. The return of capital received by the Company from March 2022 through September 2022, totaled $11.0 million and reduced the remaining carrying value of its equity method investment in PennEast to zero in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, with the excess recorded in equity in earnings of affiliates in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

~~8. EARNINGS PER SHARE~~

~~The following table presents the calculation of the Company's basic and diluted earnings per share for:~~

Three Months Ended
December 31,
(Thousands, except per share amounts) 2022 2021
Net income, as reported $ 115,921 $ 111,312
Basic earnings per share
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding-basic 96,485 95,944
Basic earnings per common share $1.20 $1.16
Diluted earnings per share
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding-basic 96,485 95,944
Incremental shares (1)
598 412
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding-diluted 97,083 96,356
Diluted earnings per common share $1.19 $1.16

~~(1)Incremental shares consist primarily of unvested stock awards and performance shares.~~

9. DEBT

NJR and NJNG finance working capital requirements and capital expenditures through various short-term debt and long-term financing arrangements, including a commercial paper program and committed unsecured credit facilities.

Credit Facilities and Short-term Debt

A summary of NJR's credit facility and ~~term loan credit agreement and~~ NJNG's commercial paper program and credit facility are as follows:

(Thousands) December 31,
2022 September 30,
2022 Expiration Dates
NJR
Bank revolving credit facility (1)
$ 650,000 $ 650,000 September 2027
Notes outstanding at end of period $ 202,650 $ 200,150
Weighted average interest rate at end of period 5.54 % 3.97 %
Amount available at end of period (2)
$ 427,677 $ 440,177
Bank term loan credit agreement $ 150,000 $ 150,000 February 2023
Loans outstanding at end of period $ 150,000 $ 150,000
Weighted average interest rate at end of period 5.17 % 3.81 %
Amount available at end of period $ — $ —
NJNG
Bank revolving credit facility (3)
$ 250,000 $ 250,000 September 2027
Commercial paper and notes outstanding at end of period $ 111,800 $ 73,800
Weighted average interest rate at end of period 4.60 % 3.34 %
Amount available at end of period (4)
$ 137,469 $ 175,469


				At end of period
(Thousands)	As of date	Total borrowing capacity		Loans outstanding		Weighted average interest rate			Remaining borrowing capacity				Expiration dates
NJR bank revolving credit facilities (1)
December 31, 2023		$	650,000	$	165,150		6.56	%		$	476,002	(2)	September 2027
September 30, 2023		$	650,000	$	217,300		6.53	%		$	426,967	(2)	September 2027
NJNG bank revolving credit facilities (3)
December 31, 2023		$	250,000	$	103,500		5.48	%		$	145,769	(4)	September 2027
September 30, 2023		$	250,000	$	34,800		5.48	%		$	214,469	(4)	September 2027

(1)Committed credit facilities, which require commitment fees of ~~0.10 percent~~0.10% on the unused amounts.

(2)Letters of credit outstanding total ~~$19.7 million~~$8.8M at December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~$9.7 million~~$5.7M at September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, which reduces the amount available by the same amount.

(3)Committed credit facilities, which require commitment fees of ~~0.075 percent~~0.075% on the unused amounts.

(4)Letters of credit outstanding total ~~$731,000~~$0.7M at both December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, which reduces the amount available by the same amount.

Amounts available under credit facilities are reduced by bank or commercial paper borrowings, as applicable, and any outstanding letters of credit. Neither NJNG nor the results of its operations are obligated or pledged to support the NJR ~~credit facility~~Credit Facility or term loan.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

Long-term Debt

~~NJR~~

On October 24, 2022, NJR entered into a Note Purchase Agreement, which closed on December 15, 2022, under which NJR issued $50 million, Series 2022B senior notes at a fixed rate of 6.14 percent, maturing in 2032. The senior notes are unsecured and guaranteed by certain unregulated subsidiaries of NJR.

NJNG

On ~~October 24, 2022,~~September 28, 2023, NJNG entered into a Note Purchase Agreement for ~~$125 million~~$100M aggregate principal amount of its senior notes ~~at an interest rate~~consisting of ~~5.47 percent, maturing in 2052.~~$50M of 5.56% senior notes due September 28, 2033, which closed on September 28, 2023, and $50M of 5.85% senior notes due October 30, 2053, which closed on October 30, 2023.

NJNG received ~~$8.4 million~~$8.8M and ~~$17.3 million~~$8.4M during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, in connection with the sale leaseback of its natural gas meters. NJNG records the sale leaseback as a financing ~~lease~~ obligation ~~that is paid over the term of the lease~~for accounting purposes and has the option to purchase the meters back at fair value upon expiration of the lease. NJNG exercised an early purchase option with respect to meter leases by making a final principal payment of $1.1 million during the three months ended December 31, 2021. There was no early purchase option exercised during the three months ended December 31, 2022.

Clean Energy Ventures

~~Clean Energy Ventures enters into transactions to sell~~CEV received proceeds of $24.4M and $33.2M during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, in connection with the sale leaseback of commercial solar ~~assets concurrent with agreements to lease~~assets. CEV records the ~~assets back over~~sale leaseback as a ~~period of~~ ~~five~~ ~~to 15 years. These transactions are treated as~~ financing ~~obligations~~obligation for accounting purposes and are typically secured by the renewable energy facility asset and its future cash flows from SRECs, TRECs and energy sales. ITCs and other tax benefits associated with these solar projects are transferred to the buyer, if applicable; however, the lease payments are structured so that Clean Energy Ventures is compensated for the transfer of the related tax incentives. Clean Energy Ventures continues to operate the solar assets, including related expenses, ~~and retain~~retains the revenue generated from SRECs, TRECs and energy sales, and has the option to renew the lease or repurchase the assets sold at the end of the lease term. During the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, Clean Energy Ventures received proceeds of $33.2 million and $3.3 million, respectively, in connection with the sale leaseback of commercial solar assets. The proceeds received were recognized as a financing obligation on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

10. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

Pension and Other Postemployment Benefit Plans

The components of the net periodic cost for pension benefits, including the Company's Pension Equalization Plan, and OPEB costs (principally health care and life insurance) for employees and covered dependents were as follows:


				Pension					OPEB
			Three Months Ended					Three Months Ended
			December 31,					December 31,
				Pension
				Pension
				Pension													OPEB
		Three Months Ended														Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
		December 31,														December 31,		December 31,
(Thousands)	(Thousands)			2022		2021			2022		2021		(Thousands)	2023	2022				2023	2022
Service cost	Service cost			$	1,350	$	2,073		$	618	$	1,076
Interest cost	Interest cost			3,794		2,408			2,286		1,589
Expected return on plan assets	Expected return on plan assets			(4,993)		(5,319)			(1,680)		(1,894)
Recognized actuarial loss	Recognized actuarial loss			75		2,186			—		1,421
Prior service cost (credit) amortization				25		25			—		(36)
Prior service cost amortization

Net periodic benefit cost	Net periodic benefit cost			$	251	$	1,373		$	1,224	$	2,156
Net periodic benefit cost
Net periodic benefit cost

The Company does not expect ~~to be required~~ to make additional contributions to fund the pension plans during fiscal ~~2023~~2024 based on current actuarial assumptions; however, funding requirements are uncertain and can depend significantly on changes in actuarial assumptions, returns on plan assets and changes in the demographics of eligible employees and covered dependents. In addition, as in the past, the Company may elect to make contributions in excess of the minimum required amount to the plans. There were no discretionary contributions made during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021.~~2022.

~~There are no federal requirements to pre-fund OPEB benefits. However,~~In January 2024, the Company ~~is required~~announced changes to ~~fund~~its postretirement medical benefits plan. Beginning on January 1, 2025, the Company will replace the existing retiree medical coverage for certain ~~amounts due to regulatory agreements~~eligible employees age 65 and older and their Medicare-eligible dependents with an employer funded Health Reimbursement Arrangement. Medicare-eligible participants may use the Health Reimbursement Arrangement towards the purchase of supplemental insurance coverage and for other qualified medical expenses. Future changes affecting active bargaining unit employees will be negotiated with the ~~BPU~~unions, where necessary, and ~~estimates that it will contribute between $5 million and $10 million over each of~~to the ~~next five years. Additional contributions may be~~extent required ~~based on market conditions and changes to assumptions.~~

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~by law.

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~ The liability associated with postretirement medical benefits will be remeasured as of January 1, 2024, and the expense for the remainder of fiscal 2024 will be recorded using updated assumptions and actuarial calculations. The Company expects the announced plan changes to reduce the accumulated projected benefit obligation by approximately $82M and reduce the net periodic postretirement benefit costs by approximately $11M to $13M for the remainder of fiscal 2024.

11. INCOME TAXES

ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes requires the use of an estimated annual effective tax rate for purposes of determining the income tax provision during interim reporting periods. In calculating its estimated annual effective tax rate, the Company considers forecasted annual pre-tax income and estimated permanent book versus tax differences. Adjustments to the effective tax rate and management's estimates will occur as information and assumptions change.

Changes in tax laws or tax rates are recognized in the financial reporting period that includes the enactment date, the date in which the act is signed into law.

NJR evaluates its tax positions to determine the appropriate accounting and recognition of potential future obligations associated with uncertain tax positions. A tax benefit claimed, or expected to be claimed, on a tax return may be recognized only if it is more likely than not that the position will be upheld upon examination by the applicable taxing authority. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, are recognized within income tax expense, and accrued interest and penalties are recognized within other noncurrent liabilities on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Effective Tax Rate

The estimated annual effective tax rates were ~~22.5 percent~~21.5% and ~~21.6 percent,~~22.5%, for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

To the extent there are discrete tax items that are not included in the estimated annual effective tax rate, the actual reported effective tax rate may differ from the estimated annual effective tax rate. During the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, discrete items totaled approximately ~~$(554,000)~~$(1.2)M and ~~$166,000,~~$(0.6)M, respectively, related primarily to excess tax ~~(benefit) provision~~benefits associated with the vesting of share-based awards. NJR’s actual reported effective tax ~~rate was 22.2 percent~~rates were 20.4% and ~~21.7 percent~~22.2% during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ respectively.

~~Inflation Reduction Act~~

On August 16, 2022, the President of the U.S. signed the Inflation Reduction Act, which contains provisions addressing inflation, clean energy, healthcare and taxes beginning in 2023. The Inflation Reduction Act imposes a 15 percent minimum tax rate on corporations with higher than $1 billion of annual income, along with a 1 percent excise tax on corporate stock repurchases. The Inflation Reduction Act raised the ITC from 26 percent to 30 percent through the end of 2032, dropping to 26 percent for property under construction before the end of 2033 and to 22 percent for property under construction before the end of 2034. The ITC expires starting in 2035 unless it is renewed. There are additional opportunities to increase the credit amount for certain facilities that are placed in service after December 31, 2022. The credit amount can be increased by 10 percent if certain domestic content requirements are satisfied or if the facility is located in an energy community, such as a brownfield site. ITCs are also expanded to include stand-alone energy storage projects without being integrated into a solar facility, allowing solar to claim PTCs that are a production-based credit extending for 10 years following the placed-in-service date of the facility and introduced the concept of transferability of tax credits, providing an additional option to monetize such credits.

The Company evaluated the impacts of the Inflation Reduction Act on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows, noting the corporate alternative minimum tax does not impact the Company as the applicable income thresholds have not been met. Upon the repurchase of common stock through the Company’s share repurchase program, the Company would be subject to the 1 percent excise tax. It is expected the ITC revisions of the Inflation Reduction Act could result in potential opportunities, however the Company cannot reasonably estimate the future impacts at this time.

Other Tax Items

As of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company has tax credit carryforwards of approximately ~~$177.8 million~~$185.7M and ~~$211.8 million,~~$191.2M, respectively, which each have a life of 20 years. The Company expects to utilize this entire carryforward prior to expiration, which would begin in fiscal ~~2035.~~2036.

As of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company has state income tax net operating losses of approximately ~~$515.1 million~~$634.2M and ~~$544.4 million,~~$631.2M, respectively. These state net operating losses have ~~varying~~ carry-forward periods dictated by the state in which they were ~~incurred; these state carry-forward periods~~incurred and range from seven to 20 years, with the majority expiring after 2035. The Company expects to utilize this entire carryforward ~~other than as described below.~~

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

The impairment of the equity method investment in PennEast created net capital loss attributes, which can only be utilized to offset capital gains income and can be carried back three years and forward five years prior to ~~expiration. These~~expiration, except for state income tax attributes ~~totaled approximately $56.6 million as of both December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022.~~

As of December 31, 2022, the Company has a valuation allowance totaling $21.9 million comprised of approximately $16.9 million, related to the recognition of state net operating loss carryforwards and approximately $5.1 million related to capital loss carryforwards resulting from the impairment of the equity method investment in PennEast,for which ~~the Company believes are not more likely than not to be fully utilized prior to expiration. As of September 30, 2022,~~ the Company had a valuation allowance ~~totaling $22.2 million comprised~~ of approximately ~~$17.2 million, related to the recognition~~$0.7M as of state net operating loss carryforwards, which primarily relate to New Jersey and approximately $5.1 million related to capital loss carryforwards resulting from the impairment of the equity method investment in PennEast.

~~The Consolidated Appropriations Act extended the 30 percent ITC for solar property that is under construction on or before~~both December 31, ~~2019. Projects placed in service after December 31, 2019, may also qualify~~2023 and September 30, 2023, for which the Company could not conclude were realizable on a 30 percent federal ITC if five percent or more of the total costs of a solar property are incurred before the end of the applicable year and there are continuous efforts to advance towards completion of the project, based on the Internal Revenue Service guidance around ITC safe harbor determination. The credit declined to 26 percent for property under construction before the end of 2020. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 extended the 26 percent tax credit for property under construction during 2021 and 2022. The Inflation Reduction Act raised the ITC from 26 percent to 30 percent through the end of 2032, as previously stated.more-likely-than-not basis.

12. LEASES

Lessee Accounting

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception based on whether the Company has the right to control the use of an identified asset, the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset and the right to direct the use of the asset. After the criteria isare satisfied, the Company accounts for these arrangements as leases in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term, including payments at commencement that depend on an index or rate. Most leases in which the Company is the lessee do not have a readily determinable implicit rate, so an incremental borrowing rate, based on the information available at the lease commencement date, is utilized to determine the present value of lease payments. When a secured borrowing rate is not readily available, unsecured borrowing rates are adjusted for the effects of collateral to determine the incremental borrowing rate. The Company uses the implicit rate for agreements in which it is a lessor. The Company has not entered into any material agreements in which it is a lessor. Lease expense and lease income are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term for operating leases.

The Company’s lease agreements primarily consist of commercial solar land leases, storage and capacity leases, equipment and real property, including land and office facilities, office equipment and the sale leaseback of ~~its~~certain natural gas meters.

Certain leases contain escalation provisions for inflation metrics. The storage leases contain a variable payment component that relates to the change in the inflation metrics that are not known past the current payment period. The variable components of these lease payments are excluded from the lease payments that are used to determine the related right-of-use lease asset and liability. The variable portion of these leases are recognized as leasing expenses when they are incurred. The capacity lease payments are fully variable and based on the amount of natural gas stored in the storage caverns.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Generally, the Company’s solar land lease terms are between 20 and 50 years and may include multiple options to extend the terms for an additional five to 20 years. The Company’s office leases vary in duration, ranging from two to 17 years and may or may not include extension or early purchase options. The Company’s meter lease terms are between ~~seven~~six and ~~ten~~10 years with purchase options available prior to the end of the term. Equipment leases include general office equipment that also vary in duration, with an average term of ~~eight~~nine years. The Company's storage and capacity leases have assumed terms of 50 years to coincide with the expected useful lives of the cavern assets with which the leases are associated. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend, purchase the leased asset or terminate a lease and they are included in the lease liability calculation when it is reasonably certain that those options will be exercised. The Company has elected an accounting policy that exempts leases with an original term of one year or less from the recognition requirements of ASC 842, Leases.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components and has elected the practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components for certain classes of leases, such as office buildings, solar land leases and office equipment. Variable payments are not considered material to the Company. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees, material restrictions or material covenants. In July 2021, NJNG entered into 16-year lease agreements, as Lessor, with various NJR subsidiaries, as Lessees, for office space at the Company’s headquarters in Wall, New Jersey, the effects of which are eliminated in consolidation.

The following table presents the Company's lease costs included in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:


				Three Months Ended
				December 31,
				Three Months Ended
				Three Months Ended
				Three Months Ended
			December 31,										December 31,
(Thousands)	(Thousands)	Income Statement Location			2022		2021		(Thousands)	Income Statement Location	2023	2022
Operating lease cost (1)	Operating lease cost (1)	Operation and maintenance			$	2,417	$	2,119
Finance lease cost	Finance lease cost
Amortization of right-of-use assets	Amortization of right-of-use assets	Depreciation and amortization			485		$	396
Amortization of right-of-use assets
Amortization of right-of-use assets
Interest on lease liabilities	Interest on lease liabilities	Interest expense, net of capitalized interest			235		$	80
Total finance lease cost	Total finance lease cost				720		$	476
Short-term lease cost		Operation and maintenance			—		$	11

Variable lease cost
Variable lease cost
Variable lease cost	Variable lease cost	Operation and maintenance			223		$	191
Total lease cost	Total lease cost				$	3,360	$	2,797

(1)Net of capitalized costs.

The following table presents supplemental cash flow information related to leases:

Three Months Ended
December 31,
(Thousands) 2022 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows for operating leases $ 1,231 $ 2,037
Operating cash flows for finance leases $ 235 $ 170
Financing cash flows for finance leases $ 1,699 $ 2,275

~~Assets obtained or modified for operating lease liabilities totaled approximately $120,000 and $808,000 during the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.~~


	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
(Thousands)	2023		2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	2,236	$	1,231
Operating cash flows for finance leases	$	252	$	235
Financing cash flows for finance leases	$	1,956	$	1,699

Assets obtained or modified through ~~finance~~operating lease liabilities totaled ~~$8.4 million~~approximately $1.5M and ~~$17.3 million~~$0.1M during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Assets obtained or modified through other leases, including those which are finance leases and ~~2021, respectively.~~financing transactions for accounting purposes, totaled $8.4M during the three months ended December 31, 2022. There were no assets obtained or modified through other leases during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

2726

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following table presents the balance and classifications of the Company's right of use assets and lease liabilities included in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

(Thousands)

Balance Sheet Location

December 31,
2022

September 30,
2022

(Thousands)

Balance Sheet Location

December 31,
2023

September 30,
2023

Assets

Noncurrent

Operating lease assets

167,129

168,520

Finance lease assets

Utility plant

29,868

21,913

Total lease assets

196,997

190,433

Liabilities

Current

Operating lease liabilities

4,661

4,562

Finance lease liabilities

Current maturities of long-term debt

8,920

6,538

Noncurrent

Operating lease liabilities

137,627

138,382

Operating lease liabilities

Finance lease liabilities

Long-term debt

28,112

23,752

Total lease liabilities

179,320

173,234

For operating lease assets and liabilities, the weighted average remaining lease term was ~~29.1~~29.2 years for both December 31, 2023 and ~~29.2 years~~September 30, 2023, and the weighted average discount rate used in the valuation over the remaining lease term was 3.5% for both December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023. For finance lease assets and liabilities as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the weighted average remaining lease term was 3.6 years and 3.3 years, respectively, and the weighted average discount rate used in the valuation over the remaining lease term was ~~3.2 percent for both December 31, 2022~~3.3% and ~~September 30, 2022.~~

~~For finance lease assets and liabilities~~2.7% as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, 2022, the weighted average remaining lease term was 3.9 years and 4.0 years, respectively, and the weighted average discount rate used in the valuation over the remaining lease term is 2.8 percent and 2.7 percent as of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022,2023, respectively.

13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Cash Commitments

NJNG has entered into long-term contracts, expiring at various dates through September 2039, for the supply, transportation and storage of natural gas. These contracts include annual fixed charges of approximately ~~$191.4 million~~$208.1M at current contract rates and volumes for the remainder of the fiscal year, which are recoverable through BGSS.

For the purpose of securing storage and pipeline capacity, ~~Energy Services~~ES enters into storage and pipeline capacity contracts, which require the payment of certain demand charges by ~~Energy Services~~ES to maintain the ability to access such natural gas storage or pipeline capacity, during a fixed time period, which generally ranges from one to 10 years. Demand charges are established by interstate storage and pipeline operators and are regulated by FERC. These demand charges represent commitments to pay storage providers or pipeline companies for the right to store and/or transport natural gas utilizing their respective assets.

Commitments as of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, for natural gas purchases and future demand fees for the next five fiscal year periods are as follows:


(Thousands)	(Thousands)	2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter		(Thousands)	2024	2025	2026	2027	2028	Thereafter
Energy Services:
ES:
Natural gas purchases
Natural gas purchases
Natural gas purchases	Natural gas purchases	$	91,458	$	1,888	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Storage demand fees	Storage demand fees	15,844		14,434		8,278		4,714		2,207		818
Pipeline demand fees	Pipeline demand fees	41,076		43,235		32,380		32,280		23,087		20,717
Sub-total Energy Services		$	148,378	$	59,557	$	40,658	$	36,994	$	25,294	$	21,535
Sub-total ES
NJNG:	NJNG:
Natural gas purchases
Natural gas purchases
Natural gas purchases	Natural gas purchases	$	9,152	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Storage demand fees	Storage demand fees	32,951		33,815		16,848		10,164		9,541		4,772
Pipeline demand fees	Pipeline demand fees	110,006		142,093		140,934		127,564		124,160		1,057,937
Sub-total NJNG	Sub-total NJNG	$	152,109	$	175,908	$	157,782	$	137,728	$	133,701	$	1,062,709
Total	Total	$	300,487	$	235,465	$	198,440	$	174,722	$	158,995	$	1,084,244

Certain pipeline demand fees totaling approximately ~~$4.0 million~~$4.0M per year, for which ~~Energy Services~~ES is the responsible party, are being paid for by the counterparty to a capacity release transaction beginning November 1, 2021 for a period of 10 years.

2827

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Legal Proceedings

Manufactured Gas Plant Remediation

NJNG is responsible for the remedial cleanup of certain former MGP sites, dating back to gas operations in the late 1800s and early 1900s, which contain contaminated residues from former gas manufacturing operations. NJNG is currently involved in administrative proceedings with the NJDEP and is participating in various studies and investigations by outside consultants, to determine the nature and extent of any such contaminated residues and to develop appropriate programs of remedial action, where warranted, under NJDEP regulations.

NJNG periodically, and at least annually, performs an environmental review of former MGP sites located in Atlantic Highlands, Berkeley, Long Branch, Manchester, Toms River, Freehold and Aberdeen, New Jersey, including a review of potential liability for investigation and remedial action. NJNG ~~estimates~~estimated at the time of the most recent review that total future expenditures at the former MGP sites for which it is responsible, including potential liabilities for natural resource damages that might be brought by the NJDEP for alleged injury to groundwater or other natural resources concerning these sites, will range from approximately ~~$110.8 million~~$137.3M to ~~$167.1 million.~~$201.5M. NJNG’s estimate of these liabilities is based upon known facts, existing technology and enacted laws and regulations in place when the review was completed. Where it is probable that costs will be incurred, and the information is sufficient to establish a range of possible liability, NJNG accrues the most likely amount in the range. If no point within the range is more likely than the other, it is NJNG’s policy to accrue the lower end of the range. Accordingly, as of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, NJNG recorded a MGP remediation liability and a corresponding regulatory asset of approximately ~~$125.7 million~~$165.3M on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the most likely amount. The actual costs to be incurred by NJNG are dependent upon several factors, including final determination of remedial action, changing technologies and governmental regulations, the ultimate ability of other responsible parties to pay and insurance recoveries, if any.

In June 2019, NJNG initiated a preliminary assessment of a site in Aberdeen, New Jersey to determine prior ownership and if former MGP operations were active at the location. The preliminary assessment and site investigation activities are ongoing at the Aberdeen, New Jersey site location. The estimated costs to complete the preliminary assessment and site investigation phase are included in the MGP remediation liability and corresponding regulatory asset on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022. NJNG will continue to gather information to determine whether the obligation exists to undertake remedial action, if any, and refine its estimate of potential costs for this site as more information becomes available.

NJNG recovers its remediation expenditures, including carrying costs, over rolling seven-year periods pursuant to a RAC approved by the BPU. On March 23, 2022, the BPU approved an increase in the RAC, which increased the pre-tax annual recovery from $11.1 million to $11.7 million, effective April 1, 2022. On September 13, 2022, NJNG submitted its annual filing to the BPU requesting approval of RAC expenditures through June 30, 2022, as well as an increase to the RAC annual recoveries of $3.8 million, which will increase the pre-tax annual recovery to $15.5 million, effective April 1, 2023. As of December 31, ~~2022, $65.7 million~~2023, $67.1M of previously incurred remediation costs, net of recoveries from customers and insurance proceeds, are included in regulatory assets on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. NJNG will continue to seek recovery of MGP-related costs through the RAC. If any future regulatory position indicates that the recovery of such costs is not probable, the related non-recoverable costs would be charged to income in the period of such determination.

General

The Company is involved, and from time to time in the future may be involved, in a number of pending and threatened judicial, regulatory and arbitration proceedings relating to matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of litigation matters, particularly when such matters are in their early stages or where the claimants seek indeterminate damages, the Company cannot state with confidence what the eventual outcome of the pending litigation will be, what the timing of the ultimate resolution of these matters will be, or what the eventual loss, fines or penalties related to each pending matter will be, if any. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the Company establishes accruals for litigation for those matters that present loss contingencies as to which it is both probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company also discloses contingent matters for which there is a reasonable possibility of a loss. Based upon currently available information, the Company believes that the results of litigation that are currently pending, taken together, will not have a materially adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The actual results of resolving the pending litigation matters may be substantially higher than the amounts accrued.

The foregoing statements about the Company’s litigation are based upon the Company’s judgments, assumptions and estimates and are necessarily subjective and uncertain. The Company has a number of threatened and pending litigation matters at various stages.

2928

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

14. REPORTING SEGMENT AND OTHER OPERATIONS DATA

The Company organizes its businesses based on a combination of factors, including its products and its regulatory environment. As a result, the Company manages its businesses through the following reporting segments and other operations: ~~Natural Gas Distribution~~NJNG consists of regulated energy and off-system, capacity and storage management operations; ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV consists of capital investments in clean energy projects; ~~Energy Services~~ES consists of unregulated wholesale and retail energy operations; ~~Storage and Transportation~~S&T consists of the Company’s investments in natural gas transportation and storage facilities; the ~~Home Services and Other~~HSO business operations consist of heating, cooling and water appliance sales, installations and services, other investments and general corporate activities.

Information related to the Company's various reporting segments and other operations ~~is detailed below:~~during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, are as follows:

Three Months Ended
December 31,
(Thousands) 2022 2021
Operating revenues
Natural Gas Distribution
External customers $ 357,409 $ 274,435
Intercompany 337 337
Clean Energy Ventures
External customers 12,792 10,183
Energy Services
External customers (1)
313,399 365,788
Intercompany 8,383 3,456
Storage and Transportation
External customers 25,714 11,584
Intercompany 1,124 559
Subtotal 719,158 666,342
Home Services and Other
External customers 14,253 13,852
Intercompany 13 99
Eliminations (9,857) (4,451)
Total $ 723,567 $ 675,842
Depreciation and amortization
Natural Gas Distribution $ 24,890 $ 22,893
Clean Energy Ventures 5,576 5,233
Energy Services (2)
57 28
Storage and Transportation 5,942 2,133
Subtotal 36,465 30,287
Home Services and Other 218 204
Eliminations — (98)
Total $ 36,683 $ 30,393
Interest income (3)
Natural Gas Distribution $ 413 $ 193
Energy Services 269 —
Storage and Transportation 1,401 377
Subtotal 2,083 570
Home Services and Other 654 155
Eliminations (778) (224)
Total $ 1,959 $ 501


	Segments
(Thousands)	NJNG		CEV	ES		S&T	Subtotal		HSO	Elims	Total
2023
Operating revenues
External customers	$	293,093	35,295	100,801	(1)	23,187	$	452,376	14,834	—	$	467,210
Intercompany	$	337	—	(1,133)		675	$	(121)	—	121	$	—
Depreciation and amortization	$	26,917	6,922	57	(2)	6,162	$	40,058	229	—	$	40,287
Interest income (3)	$	578	—	128		2,370	$	3,076	356	(1,406)	$	2,026
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest	$	14,751	7,447	3,126		5,933	$	31,257	216	—	$	31,473
Income tax provision (benefit)	$	10,656	3,131	7,511		1,032	$	22,330	(52)	658	$	22,936
Equity in earnings of affiliates	$	—	—	—		993	$	993	—	667	$	1,660
Net financial earnings (loss)	$	51,444	10,522	7,831		3,640	$	73,437	(600)	(393)	$	72,444
Capital expenditures	$	79,715	25,766	—		7,785	$	113,266	1,356	—	$	114,622
2022
Operating revenues
External customers	$	357,409	12,792	313,399	(1)	25,714	$	709,314	14,253	—	$	723,567
Intercompany	$	337	—	8,383		1,124	$	9,844	13	(9,857)	$	—
Depreciation and amortization	$	24,890	5,576	57	(2)	5,942	$	36,465	218	—	$	36,683
Interest income (3)	$	413	—	269		1,401	$	2,083	654	(778)	$	1,959
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest	$	13,709	5,895	3,058		6,707	$	29,369	122	—	$	29,491
Income tax provision (benefit)	$	14,383	(1,837)	20,064		1,943	$	34,553	217	(1,792)	$	32,978
Equity in earnings of affiliates	$	—	—	—		909	$	909	—	37	$	946
Net financial earnings (loss)	$	54,664	(3,582)	52,533		6,243	$	109,858	(29)	455	$	110,284
Capital expenditures	$	82,071	43,993	—		19,719	$	145,783	140	—	$	145,923

(1)Includes sales to Canada for the ~~Energy Services~~ES segment, which are immaterial.

(2)The amortization of acquired wholesale energy contracts is excluded above and is included in natural gas purchases - nonutility on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(3)Included in other income, net on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company's assets for the various reporting segments and business operations are detailed below:


	Segments								Intercompany
(Thousands)	NJNG		CEV	ES	S&T	Subtotal		HSO	Assets (1)	Total
December 31, 2023	$	4,590,049	1,131,841	151,932	1,009,549	$	6,883,371	170,421	(304,744)	$	6,749,048
September 30, 2023	$	4,414,829	1,128,577	123,775	1,011,959	$	6,679,140	171,275	(312,919)	$	6,537,496

(1)Consists of transactions between subsidiaries that are eliminated and reclassified in consolidation.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Three Months Ended
December 31,
(Thousands) 2022 2021
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest
Natural Gas Distribution $ 13,709 $ 10,995
Clean Energy Ventures 5,895 5,427
Energy Services 3,058 675
Storage and Transportation 6,707 2,136
Subtotal 29,369 19,233
Home Services and Other 122 244
Total $ 29,491 $ 19,477
Income tax provision (benefit)
Natural Gas Distribution $ 14,383 $ 13,204
Clean Energy Ventures (1,837) (2,046)
Energy Services 20,064 20,505
Storage and Transportation 1,943 343
Subtotal 34,553 32,006
Home Services and Other 217 246
Eliminations (1,792) (1,445)
Total $ 32,978 $ 30,807
Equity in earnings of affiliates
Storage and Transportation $ 909 $ 1,056
Eliminations 37 (481)
Total $ 946 $ 575
Net financial earnings (loss)
Natural Gas Distribution $ 54,664 $ 51,080
Clean Energy Ventures (3,582) (6,821)
Energy Services 52,533 17,567
Storage and Transportation 6,243 2,962
Subtotal 109,858 64,788
Home Services and Other (29) 447
Eliminations 455 535
Total $ 110,284 $ 65,770
Capital expenditures
Natural Gas Distribution $ 82,071 $ 73,464
Clean Energy Ventures 43,993 25,380
Storage and Transportation 19,719 65,375
Subtotal 145,783 164,219
Home Services and Other 140 79
Total $ 145,923 $ 164,298

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

~~The Company's assets for the various reporting segments and business operations are detailed below:~~

(Thousands) December 31,
2022 September 30,
2022
Assets at end of period:
Natural Gas Distribution $ 4,226,035 $ 4,030,686
Clean Energy Ventures 1,047,726 1,015,065
Energy Services 446,017 333,064
Storage and Transportation 1,009,567 999,520
Subtotal 6,729,345 6,378,335
Home Services and Other 145,887 159,068
Intercompany assets (1)
(265,138) (275,987)
Total $ 6,610,094 $ 6,261,416

~~(1)Consists of transactions between subsidiaries that are eliminated and reclassified in consolidation.~~

The Chief Executive Officer, who uses NFE as a measure of profit or loss in measuring the results of the Company's reporting segments and other business operations, is the chief operating decision maker of the Company. A reconciliation of consolidated NFE to consolidated net income is as follows:


			Three Months Ended
			December 31,
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
		December 31,									December 31,
(Thousands)	(Thousands)			2022		2021		(Thousands)	2023	2022
Net financial earnings	Net financial earnings			$	110,284	$	65,770
Less:	Less:
Unrealized (gain) on derivative instruments and related transactions				(31,503)		(82,191)
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments and related transactions
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments and related transactions
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments and related transactions
Tax effect	Tax effect			7,487		19,536
Effects of economic hedging related to natural gas inventory	Effects of economic hedging related to natural gas inventory			23,972		23,577
Tax effect	Tax effect			(5,697)		(5,603)

NFE tax adjustment	NFE tax adjustment			104		(861)

NFE tax adjustment

NFE tax adjustment
Net income	Net income			$	115,921	$	111,312

The Company uses derivative instruments as economic hedges of purchases and sales of physical natural gas inventory. For GAAP purposes, these derivatives are recorded at fair value and related changes in fair value are included in reported earnings. Revenues and cost of natural gas related to physical natural gas flow are recognized when the natural gas is delivered to customers. Consequently, there is a mismatch in the timing of earnings recognition between the economic hedges and physical natural gas flows. Timing differences occur in two ways:

•unrealized gains and losses on derivatives are recognized in reported earnings in periods prior to physical natural gas inventory flows; and

•unrealized gains and losses of prior periods are reclassified as realized gains and losses when derivatives are settled in the same period as physical natural gas inventory movements occur.

NFE is a measure of the earnings based on eliminating these timing differences, to effectively match the earnings effects of the economic hedges with the physical sale of natural gas, SRECs and foreign currency contracts. Consequently, to reconcile between net income and NFE, current period unrealized gains and losses on the derivatives are excluded from NFE as a reconciling item. Realized derivative gains and losses are also included in current period net income. However, NFE includes only realized gains and losses related to natural gas sold out of inventory, effectively matching the full earnings effects of the derivatives with realized margins on physical natural gas flows. Included in the tax effects are current and deferred income tax expense corresponding with the components of NFE. The Company also calculates a quarterly tax adjustment based on an estimated annual effective tax rate for NFE purposes.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

15. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Effective April 1, 2020, NJNG entered into a 5-year agreement for 3 Bcf of firm storage capacity with Steckman Ridge, which expires on March 31, 2025. Under the terms of the agreement, NJNG incurs demand fees, at market rates, of approximately ~~$9.3 million~~$9.3M annually, a portion of which is eliminated in consolidation. These fees are recoverable through NJNG’s BGSS mechanism and are included as a component of regulatory assets.

~~Energy Services~~ES may periodically enter into storage or park and loan agreements with its affiliated FERC-jurisdictional natural gas storage facility, Steckman Ridge. As of December 31, ~~2022, Energy Services~~2023, ES entered into transactions with Steckman Ridge for varying terms, all of which expire by March 31, ~~2024.~~2027.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Demand fees, net of eliminations, associated with Steckman Ridge were as follows:


			Three Months Ended
			December 31,
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
		December 31,									December 31,
(Thousands)	(Thousands)			2022		2021		(Thousands)	2023	2022
Natural Gas Distribution				$	1,655	$	1,558
Energy Services				172		288
NJNG
ES
Total	Total			$	1,827	$	1,846

The following table summarizes demand fees payable to Steckman Ridge as of:


(Thousands)	(Thousands)	December 31, 2022		September 30, 2022		(Thousands)	December 31, 2023	September 30, 2023
Natural Gas Distribution		$	775	$	775
Energy Services		87		76
NJNG
ES
Total	Total	$	862	$	851

NJNG and ~~Energy Services have entered~~ES enter into various AMAs, the effects of which are eliminated in consolidation. Under the terms of these agreements, NJNG releases certain transportation and storage contracts to ~~Energy Services.~~ES. As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, NJNG and ~~Energy Services~~ES had one AMA with an expiration date of March 31, ~~2023.~~2024.

NJNG entered into ~~a 5-year~~two transportation ~~agreement~~agreements with Adelphia, ~~Gateway~~each for committed capacity of 130,000 Dekatherms per ~~day~~day. The first is for 5 years in Zone South with an expiration date of August 8, 2027, and the second is for 15 years in Zone North, which began on ~~August 9, 2022.~~November 1, 2023, with an expiration date of October 31, 2038.

~~Energy Services~~ES has a 5-year agreement for 3 Bcf of firm storage capacity with Leaf River, with an expiration date of March 31, 2024, the effects of which isare eliminated in ~~consolidation and expires in March 2024.~~consolidation.

~~In March 2021,~~ NJNG and ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV entered into a 15-year sublease and PPA ~~agreement~~ related to an onsite solar array and the related energy output at the Company’s headquarters in Wall, New Jersey, with an expiration date of March 1, 2036, the effects of which are immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.

~~In July 2021,~~ NJNG entered into 16-year lease agreements, as Lessor, with various NJR subsidiaries, as Lessees, for office space at the Company’s headquarters in Wall, New Jersey, with an expiration date of July 1, 2037, the effects of which are eliminated in consolidation.

~~In June 2022,~~ NJNG and ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV entered into a 20-year sublease and PPA ~~agreement~~ related to an onsite solar array and the related energy output at the Company’s liquefied natural gas plant in Howell, New Jersey, with an expiration date of June 1, 2042, the effects of which are immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.

NJNG entered into a 15-year transportation precedent agreement with Adelphia Gateway for committed capacity of 130,000 Dekatherms per day in Zone North, beginning November 1, 2023; however, the agreement term will automatically be reduced to 7 years if Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corporation has not placed its Regional Energy Access Expansion project into service by October 31, 2030.

The intercompany ~~profit~~profits for certain transactions between NJNG and ~~Energy Services~~ES and NJNG and Adelphia ~~Gateway is~~are not eliminated in accordance with ASC 980, Regulated Operations.

3331

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS

Critical Accounting Estimates

A summary of our critical accounting policies is included in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended September 30, ~~2022.~~2023. Our critical accounting policies have not changed from those reported in the ~~2022~~2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Refer to Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for discussion of recently issued accounting standards.

Management's Overview

Consolidated

NJR is a diversified energy services holding company providing retail natural gas service in New Jersey and wholesale natural gas and related energy services to customers in the U.S. and Canada. In addition, we invest in clean energy projects, storage and transportation assets and provide various repair, sales and installation services. A more detailed description of our organizational structure can be found in Item 1. Business of our ~~2022~~2023 Annual Report on Form ~~10-K.~~10-K.

Reporting Segments

We have four primary reporting segments as presented in the chart below:

In addition to our four reporting segments above, we have nonutility operations that either provide corporate support services or do not meet the criteria to be treated as a separate reporting segment. These operations, which comprise ~~Home Services and Other,~~HSO, include: appliance repair services, sales and installations at NJRHS and commercial real estate holdings at Commercial Realty & Resources Corp. ~~and home warranty contracts at NJR Retail.~~

3432

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

~~Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic~~

We continue to closely monitor developments related to the COVID-19 pandemic and have, when appropriate, taken steps intended to limit potential exposure for our employees and those we serve, including continuity in the safe operation of our business. These steps include working from home for our office-based employees utilizing a hybrid schedule and limiting direct contact with our customers. And while we, along with other businesses, are continuing to return to normal operating practices, this remains an evolving situation. The timing for recovery of businesses and local economies, resurgences or mutations of the virus, and any potential future shutdowns remains unknown. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, we have continued to provide essential services to our customers. Both NJR and NJNG continue to have sufficient liquidity to meet their current obligations and business operations remain fundamentally unchanged at this time. We cannot predict the nature and extent of the pandemic's impacts to future operations, or its effects on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We will continue to monitor developments affecting our employees, customers, and operations and take additional steps to address the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts, as necessary.

Operating Results

Net income (loss) by reporting segment and other business operations, which are discussed in detail within the operating results sections of each reporting segment and other business operations, are as follows:

Three Months Ended
December 31,
(Thousands) 2022 2021
Net income (loss)
Natural Gas Distribution $ 54,664 47 % $ 51,080 46 %
Clean Energy Ventures (3,582) (3) (6,821) (6)
Energy Services 64,561 56 65,744 59
Storage and Transportation 6,243 5 2,962 3
Home Services and Other (29) — 447 —
Eliminations (1)
(5,936) (5) (2,100) (2)
Total $ 115,921 100 % $ 111,312 100 %


	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
(Thousands)		2023			2022
Net income (loss)
NJNG			$	51,444	57	%	$	54,664	47	%
CEV			10,522		12		(3,582)		(3)
ES			23,933		27		64,561		56
S&T			3,640		4		6,243		5
HSO			(600)		(1)		(29)		—
Eliminations (1)			472		1		(5,936)		(5)
Total			$	89,411	100	%	$	115,921	100	%

(1) Consists of transactions between subsidiaries that are eliminated in consolidation.

The increase in net income during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, was due primarily to increased earnings at Natural Gas Distribution due primarily to increased base rates and BGSS incentives along with Storage and Transportation due to Adelphia Gateway becoming fully operational in September 2022.


Consolidated net income decreased $26.5M during the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2022, due primarily to the following factors:
•$40.6M decrease in earnings at ES due to higher volatility in natural gas prices related to Winter Storm Elliott in December 2022 along with the related hedging transactions; partially offset by
•$14.1M increase in earnings at CEV due to increased SREC sales.

Assets by reporting segment and operations are as follows:

(Thousands) December 31,
2022 September 30,
2022
Assets
Natural Gas Distribution $ 4,226,035 64 % $ 4,030,686 64 %
Clean Energy Ventures
1,047,726 16 1,015,065 16
Energy Services 446,017 7 333,064 5
Storage and Transportation 1,009,567 15 999,520 16
Home Services and Other 145,887 2 159,068 3
Intercompany assets (1)
(265,138) (4) (275,987) (4)
Total $ 6,610,094 100 % $ 6,261,416 100 %


(Thousands)	December 31, 2023				September 30, 2023
Assets
NJNG	$	4,590,049	68	%	$	4,414,829	68	%
CEV	1,131,841		17		1,128,577		17
ES	151,932		2		123,775		2
S&T	1,009,549		15		1,011,959		15
HSO	170,421		3		171,275		3
Intercompany assets (1)	(304,744)		(5)		(312,919)		(5)
Total	$	6,749,048	100	%	$	6,537,496	100	%

(1)Consists of transactions between subsidiaries that are eliminated in consolidation.

The increase in assets was due primarily to additional investment in utility plant at Natural Gas Distribution and solar asset investments at Clean Energy Ventures along with increased accounts receivable at both Natural Gas Distribution and Energy Services.


Consolidated assets increased $211.6M as of December 31, 2023, compared with September 30, 2023, due primarily to the following factors:
•$84.5M increase in utility plant expenditures at NJNG; and
•$72.9M increase in accounts receivable at NJNG and ES; and
•$72.8M increase in unbilled revenue primarily at NJNG due to the seasonality of their business; partially offset by
•$20.2M decrease in prepaid taxes primarily at NJNG.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Our management uses NFE, a non-GAAP financial measure, when evaluating our operating results. ~~Energy Services~~ES economically hedges its natural gas inventory with financial derivative instruments. NFE is a measure of the earnings based on eliminating timing differences surrounding the recognition of certain gains or losses, to effectively match the earnings effects of the economic hedges with the physical sale of natural gas and, therefore, eliminates the impact of volatility to GAAP earnings

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF~~

~~OPERATIONS (Continued)~~

associated with the derivative instruments. To the extent we utilize forwards, futures, or other derivatives to hedge forecasted SREC production, unrealized gains and losses are also eliminated from NFE. Included in the tax effects are current and deferred income tax expense corresponding with the components of NFE. Included in the tax effects are current and deferred income tax expense corresponding with the components of NFE.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

GAAP requires us, during the interim periods, to estimate our annual effective tax rate and use this rate to calculate the year-to-date tax provision. We also determine an annual estimated effective tax rate for NFE purposes and calculate a quarterly tax adjustment based on the differences between our forecasted net income and our forecasted NFE for the fiscal year. Since the annual estimated effective tax rate is based on certain forecasted assumptions, the rate and resulting NFE are subject to change. No adjustment is needed during the fourth quarter, since the actual effective tax rate is calculated at year end.

Non-GAAP financial measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative to, GAAP and should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or a replacement of, the comparable GAAP measure and should be read in conjunction with those GAAP results. Below is a reconciliation of consolidated net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to NFE:


				Three Months Ended
				December 31,
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
		December 31,										December 31,
(Thousands, except per share data)	(Thousands, except per share data)				2022		2021		(Thousands, except per share data)	2023	2022
Net income	Net income				$	115,921	$	111,312
Add:	Add:
Unrealized (gain) on derivative instruments and related transactions					(31,503)		(82,191)
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments and related transactions
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments and related transactions
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments and related transactions
Tax effect	Tax effect				7,487		19,536
Effects of economic hedging related to natural gas inventory (1)	Effects of economic hedging related to natural gas inventory (1)				23,972		23,577
Tax effect	Tax effect				(5,697)		(5,603)

NFE tax adjustment	NFE tax adjustment				104		(861)

NFE tax adjustment

NFE tax adjustment
Net financial earnings	Net financial earnings				$	110,284	$	65,770
Basic earnings per share	Basic earnings per share				$	1.20	$	1.16
Add:	Add:
Unrealized (gain) on derivative instruments and related transactions					(0.33)		(0.86)
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments and related transactions
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments and related transactions
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments and related transactions
Tax effect	Tax effect				0.08		0.21
Effects of economic hedging related to natural gas inventory (1)	Effects of economic hedging related to natural gas inventory (1)				0.25		0.25
Tax effect	Tax effect				(0.06)		(0.06)

NFE tax adjustment					—		(0.01)
Basic NFE per share					$	1.14	$	0.69

Basic net financial earnings per share

Basic net financial earnings per share

Basic net financial earnings per share

(1)Effects of hedging natural gas inventory transactions where the economic impact is realized in a future period.

NFE by reporting segment and other business operations, which are discussed in ~~more~~ detail within the operating results sections of each reporting segment and other business operations, is summarized as follows:

Three Months Ended
December 31,
(Thousands) 2022 2021
Net financial earnings (loss)
Natural Gas Distribution $ 54,664 50 % $ 51,080 77 %
Clean Energy Ventures (3,582) (3) (6,821) (10)
Energy Services 52,533 47 17,567 27
Storage and Transportation 6,243 6 2,962 4
Home Services and Other (29) — 447 1
Eliminations (1)
455 — 535 1
Total $ 110,284 100 % $ 65,770 100 %


	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
(Thousands)		2023			2022
Net financial earnings (loss)
NJNG			$	51,444	71	%	$	54,664	50	%
CEV			10,522		15		(3,582)		(3)
ES			7,831		11		52,533		47
S&T			3,640		5		6,243		6
HSO			(600)		(1)		(29)		—
Eliminations (1)			(393)		(1)		455		—
Total			$	72,444	100	%	$	110,284	100	%

(1) Consists of transactions between subsidiaries that are eliminated in consolidation.

The increase in NFE during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, was due primarily to increased earnings at Energy Services, increased base rates and BGSS incentives at Natural Gas Distribution, along with Adelphia Gateway becoming fully operational,


Consolidated NFE decreased $37.8M during the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2022, due primarily to the following factors:
•$53.6M decrease in Financial Margin at ES due to higher volatility in natural gas prices in the prior year, as previously discussed; partially offset by
•$14.1M increase in earnings at CEV due to increased SREC sales, as previously discussed.

3634

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

Natural Gas Distribution

Overview

Natural Gas Distribution is comprised of NJNG, a natural gas utility that provides regulated natural gas service throughout Burlington, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean, and Sussex counties in New Jersey to approximately ~~572,500~~579,600 residential and commercial customers in its service territory and also participates in the off-system sales and capacity release markets. The business is subject to various risks, ~~including those risks associated with COVID-19,~~ which may include but are not limited to impacts to customer growth and customer usage, customer collections, the timing and costs of capital expenditures and construction of infrastructure projects, operating and financing costs, fluctuations in commodity prices and customer conservation efforts. In addition, NJNG may be subject to adverse economic conditions such as inflation and rising natural gas costs, certain regulatory actions, environmental remediation and severe weather conditions. It is often difficult to predict the impact of events or trends associated with these risks.

NJNG’s business is seasonal by nature, as weather conditions directly influence the volume of natural gas delivered to customers on an annual basis. Specifically, customer demand substantially increases during the winter months when natural gas is used for heating purposes. As a result, NJNG generates most of its natural gas distribution revenues during the first and second fiscal quarters and is subject to variations in earnings and working capital during the fiscal year.

As a regulated company, NJNG is required to recognize the impact of regulatory decisions on its financial statements. See Note 4. Regulation in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a more detailed discussion onof regulatory actions, including filings related to programs and associated expenditures, as well as rate requests related to recovery of capital investments and operating costs.

NJNG’s operations are managed with the goal of providing safe and reliable service, growing its customer base, diversifying its Utility Gross Margin, promoting clean energy programs and mitigating the risks discussed above.

Base Rate Case

On ~~November 17, 2021,~~January 31, 2024, NJNG filed a base rate case with the BPU ~~issued an order adopting~~requesting a ~~stipulation~~natural gas revenue increase of ~~settlement approving~~$222.6M including a ~~$79.0 million increase to base rates, effective December 1, 2021. In addition,~~rate recovery of infrastructure investments and a change in the ~~order also included approval for the final increase for the NJ RISE/SAFE II programs, which totaled $269,000. These increases include an~~Company’s overall rate of return on rate base ~~of 6.84 percent, return on common equity of 9.6 percent, a common equity ratio of 54.0 percent and a composite depreciation rate of 2.78 percent.~~to 7.57%.

Infrastructure Projects

NJNG has significant annual capital expenditures associated with the management of its natural gas distribution and transmission system, including new utility plant expenditures associated with customer growth and its associated pipeline integrity management and infrastructure programs. Below is a summary of NJNG’s capital expenditures, including accruals, for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, and estimates of expected investments for fiscal ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2024:~~2025:

3735

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

Estimated capital expenditures are reviewed on a regular basis and may vary based on the ongoing effects of regulatory oversight, environmental regulations, unforeseen events and the ability to access capital.

NJNG continues to implement BPU-approved infrastructure projects that are designed to enhance the reliability and integrity of NJNG’s natural gas distribution system.

Infrastructure Investment Program

In ~~February 2019, NJNG filed a petition with~~October 2020, the BPU ~~seeking authority to implement a~~approved NJNG’s five-year ~~IIP. The~~ IIP ~~consisted~~filing for $150.0M of ~~two components:~~ transmission and distribution investments, ~~and information technology replacement and enhancements. The total investment for the IIP was approximately $507.0 million. All approved investments~~effective November 1, 2020, which will be recovered through annual filings to adjust base rates.

In ~~October 2020,~~September 2023, the BPU approved ~~the Company’s transmission and distribution component of the~~NJNG's annual IIP ~~for $150.0 million over five years, effective November 1, 2020. NJNG voluntarily withdrew the information technology upgrade component and will seek to recover associated costs in future~~filing, which requested a rate ~~case proceedings. On March 31, 2022, NJNG filed its first rate recovery request~~increase for ~~its BPU approved IIP with~~ capital expenditures ~~estimated~~of $28.2M through June 30, 2022, including AFUDC. On July 13, 2022, NJNG filed its update with actual capital expenditures of $28.9 million through June 30, 2022. On September 7, 2022, the BPU approved the rate increase resulting2023, which resulted in a ~~$3.2 million~~$3.2M revenue increase, effective October 1, ~~2022.~~2023.

Customer Growth

In conducting NJNG's business, management focuses on factors it believes may have significant influence on its future financial results. NJNG's policy is to work with all stakeholders, including customers, regulators and policymakers, to achieve favorable results. These factors include the rate of NJNG's customer growth in its service territory, which can be influenced by political and regulatory policies, the delivered cost of natural gas compared with competing fuels, interest rates and general economic and business conditions.

NJNG's total customers include the following:

December 31,
2022

December 31,
2021

December 31,
2023

December 31,
2022

Firm customers

Residential

514,452

506,677

Commercial, industrial & other

32,302

31,756

Residential transport

17,386

19,338

Commercial transport

8,242

8,735

Total firm customers

572,382

566,506

Other

118

Total customers

572,500

566,561

During the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021, respectively,~~2022, NJNG added ~~2,132~~2,129 and ~~1,730~~2,132 new customers, respectively. NJNG expects new customer additions, and those customers who added additional natural gas services to their premises to contribute approximately ~~$1.8 million~~$1.9M of incremental Utility Gross Margin on an annualized basis.

NJNG expects its new customer annual growth rate to be approximately ~~1.6 percent.~~1.9%. Based on information from municipalities and developers, as well as external industry analysts and management's experience, NJNG estimates that approximately ~~63 percent~~69% of the growth will come from new construction markets and ~~37 percent~~31% from customer conversions to natural gas from other fuel sources. This new customer and conversion growth would increase Utility Gross Margin under NJNG's base rates by approximately ~~$7.7 million~~$8.5M annually, as calculated under NJNG's CIP tariff.

Energy Efficiency Programs

SAVEGREEN conducts home energy audits and provides various grants, incentives and financing alternatives designed to encourage the installation of high-efficiency heating and cooling equipment and other energy efficiency upgrades. Depending on the specific incentive or approval, NJNG recovers costs associated with the programs over a ~~two-~~three- to 10-year period through a tariff rider mechanism. In March 2021, the BPU approved a three-year SAVEGREEN program consisting of approximately ~~$126.1 million~~$126.1M of direct investment, ~~$109.4 million~~$109.4M in financing options, and approximately ~~$23.4 million~~$23.4M in ~~operation and maintenance expenses.~~O&M.

In September 2023, the BPU approved an increase to the EE rate for the SAVEGREEN programs established from 2010 through the present, which increased annual recoveries by $9.0M, effective October 1, 2023.

3836

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

~~In June 2021,~~On November 9, 2023, NJNG ~~submitted its annual cost recovery filing~~filed a letter of petition seeking BPU approval to extend NJNG’s current SAVEGREEN program through December 31, 2024, with an additional $76.9M in order to meet customer demand for ~~the SAVEGREEN programs established from 2010 through 2021. On January 26, 2022, the BPU approved the stipulation, which increased annual recoveries by $2.2 million, effective February 1, 2022.~~this program.

On December 1, 2023, NJNG filed a petition seeking BPU approval of its 2024 SAVEGREEN program, which would support new energy efficiency, demand response and building decarbonization start-up programs for two and a half-years starting January 1, 2025 through June ~~1, 2022, NJNG submitted its annual cost recovery filing for the~~30, 2027. The 2024 SAVEGREEN ~~programs established from 2010 through the present. On September 28, 2022, the BPU approved the rate decrease,~~program, which ~~resulted~~totals $482.4M, includes $245.1M of direct investment, $217.2M in ~~an annual decrease of approximately $3.5 million, effective October 1, 2022.~~

~~The following table summarizes, loans, grants, rebates~~financing options and ~~related investments as of:~~

(Thousands) December 31,
2022 September 30,
2022
Loans $ 158,200 $ 152,000
Grants, rebates and related investments 136,700 132,200
Total $ 294,900 $ 284,200
$20.1M in O&M.

Program recoveries from customers during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, were $4.4M and ~~2021, were $2.5 million and $6.8 million,~~$2.5M, respectively. The recovery includes a weighted average cost of capital that ranges from ~~6.69 percent~~6.84% to ~~7.76 percent,~~6.9%, with a return on equity of ~~9.6 percent~~9.6% to ~~10.3 percent.~~9.75%.

Conservation Incentive Program/BGSS

The CIP facilitates normalizing NJNG’s Utility Gross Margin for variances not only due to weather but also for other factors affecting customer usage, such as conservation and energy efficiency. Recovery of Utility Gross Margin for the non-weather variance through the CIP is limited to the amount of certain natural gas supply cost savings achieved and is subject to a variable margin revenue test. Additionally, recovery of the CIP Utility Gross Margin is subject to an annual earnings test. An annual review of the CIP must be filed by June 1, coincident with NJNG’s annual BGSS filing, during which NJNG can request rate changes to the CIP.

NJNG's total utility firm gross margin includes the following adjustments related to the CIP mechanism:


			Three Months Ended
			December 31,
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
		December 31,									December 31,
(Thousands)	(Thousands)			2022		2021		(Thousands)	2023	2022
Weather (1)	Weather (1)			$	2,080	$	15,934
Usage	Usage			1,486		(1,073)
Total	Total			$	3,566	$	14,861

(1)Compared with the 20-year average, weather was ~~0.3 percent warmer-than-normal and 17.8 percent~~8.2% warmer-than-normal during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021, respectively.~~0.3% warmer-than-normal during the three months ended December 31, 2022.

Recovery of Natural Gas Costs

NJNG’s cost of natural gas is passed through to our customers, without markup, by applying NJNG’s authorized BGSS rate to actual therms delivered. There is no Utility Gross Margin associated with BGSS costs; therefore, changes in such costs do not impact NJNG’s earnings. NJNG monitors its actual natural gas costs in comparison to its BGSS rates to manage its cash flows associated with its allowed recovery of natural gas costs, which is facilitated through BPU-approved deferred accounting and the BGSS pricing mechanism. Accordingly, NJNG occasionally adjusts its periodic BGSS rates or can issue credits or refunds, as appropriate, for its residential and small commercial customers when the commodity cost varies from the existing BGSS rate. BGSS rates for its large commercial customers are adjusted monthly based on NYMEX prices.

NJNG’s residential and commercial markets are currently open to competition, and its rates are segregated between BGSS (i.e., natural gas commodity) and delivery (i.e., transportation) components. NJNG earns Utility Gross Margin through the delivery of natural gas to its customers and, therefore, is not negatively affected by customers who use its transportation service and purchase natural gas from another supplier. Under an existing order from the BPU, BGSS can be provided by suppliers other than the state’s natural gas utilities; however, customers who purchase natural gas from another supplier continue to use NJNG for transportation service.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF~~

~~OPERATIONS (Continued)~~

In ~~May 2022,~~April 2023, the BPU approved on a final basis, NJNG’s February 2023 filing for a ~~$2.9 million increase~~reduction to the BGSS rate, which reduced recoveries by approximately $29.9M, effective March 1, 2023. NJNG’s February 2023 filing also advised the BPU of a bill credit for residential and small commercial customers. Total bill credits given back to customers from March 2023 through May 2023, totaled approximately $32.4M.

In September 2023, the BPU approved, on a provisional basis, NJNG's annual BGSS filing to decrease the annual revenues credited to BGSS by approximately $38.6M, a ~~$13.0 million~~$7.4M annual ~~increase related to its balancing charge, as well as changes to CIP rates, which resulted in a $6.3 million annual recovery~~ decrease ~~effective December 1, 2021.~~

In November 2021, NJNG submitted notification of its intent to self-implement an increase to its BGSS rate, which resulted in an approximately $24.2 million increase to annual revenues credited to BGSS, effective December 1, 2021.

In September 2022, the BPU approved on a preliminary basis NJNG annual petition to modify its BGSS, balancing charge and CIP rates for residential and small business customers. This included an $81.9 million increase to the annual revenues credited to BGSS, a $9.0 million annual increase related to its balancing charge, and a ~~$10.2 million~~$27.0M increase to CIP rates, effective October 1, ~~2022.~~2023. The balancing charge rate includes the cost of balancing natural gas deliveries with customer usage for sales and transportation customers, and balancing charge revenues are credited to BGSS.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

BGSS Incentive Programs

NJNG is eligible to receive financial incentives for reducing BGSS costs through a series of Utility Gross Margin-sharing programs that include off-system sales, capacity release and storage incentive programs. These programs are designed to encourage better utilization and hedging of NJNG’s natural gas supply, transportation and storage assets. Depending on the program, NJNG shares 80 or ~~85 percent~~85% of Utility Gross Margin generated by these programs with firm customers. Utility Gross Margin from incentive programs was ~~$8.7 million~~approximately $5.4M and ~~$3.8 million~~$8.7M during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

Hedging

In order to provide relative price stability to its natural gas supply portfolio, NJNG employs a hedging strategy with the goal of having at least ~~75 percent~~75% of the Company's projected winter periodic BGSS natural gas sales volumes hedged by each November 1 and at least ~~25 percent~~25% of the projected periodic BGSS natural gas sales hedged for the following April through March period. The hedging goal is typically achieved with gas in storage and the use of financial instruments to hedge storage injections. NJNG may also use various financial instruments including futures, swaps, options and weather related products to hedge its future delivery obligations.

Commodity Prices

~~Natural Gas Distribution~~NJNG is affected by the price of natural gas, which can have a significant impact on our cash flows, short-term financing costs, the price of natural gas charged to our customers through the BGSS clause, our ability to collect accounts receivable, which impacts our bad debt expense, and our ability to maintain a competitive advantage over other energy sources. Natural gas commodity prices are shown in the graph below, which illustrates the daily natural gas prices(1) in the Northeast market region, also known as TETCO M-3.

(1) Data sourced from Standard & Poor's Financial Services, LLC Global Platts.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF~~

~~OPERATIONS (Continued)~~

The maximum price per MMBtu was ~~$30.95~~$3.52 and ~~$6.94~~$30.95 and the minimum price was ~~$0.67~~$0.89 and ~~$2.42~~$0.67 for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. A more detailed discussion of the impacts of the price of natural gas on operating revenues, natural gas purchases and cash flows can be found in the Operating Results and Cash Flow sections of Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Societal Benefits Charge

NJNG’s qualifying customers are eligible for the USF program, which is administered by the New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, to help make energy bills more affordable.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

In ~~March 2022,~~April 2023, the BPU approved on a final basis, NJNG's annual SBC ~~application to recover remediation expenses, including~~filing, which included an increase into the RAC annual recoveries of approximately ~~$600,000 annually~~$3.7M and a decrease to the NJCEP ~~factor~~annual recoveries of approximately ~~$2.9 million,~~$0.9M, effective ~~April~~May 1, ~~2022.~~

In June 2022, NJNG filed its annual USF compliance filing proposing a decrease to the statewide USF rate. In August 2022, an additional update was submitted on behalf of all NJ utilities with actual information through July 31, 2022. In September 2022, the BPU approved a decrease based on the August update, which resulted in an annual decrease of approximately $1.6 million, effective October 1, 2022.2023.

In September ~~2022,~~2023, the BPU approved NJNG's annual USF filing, which included an increase to the statewide USF rate, of approximately $0.7M, effective October 1, 2023.

In September 2023, NJNG submitted its annual SBC filing to the BPU requesting approval of RAC expenditures through June ~~30, 2022,~~2023, as well as an increase to the RAC annual recoveries of ~~$3.8 million~~approximately $2.4M and an increase to the NJCEP annual recoveries of ~~$2.2 million, with a proposed~~approximately $5.0M, which would be effective ~~date of~~ April 1, ~~2023.~~2024.

Environmental Remediation

NJNG is responsible for the environmental remediation of former MGP sites, which contain contaminated residues from former gas manufacturing operations that ceased operating at these sites by the mid-1950s and, in some cases, had been discontinued many years earlier. Actual MGP remediation costs may vary from management’s estimates due to the developing nature of remediation requirements, regulatory decisions by the NJDEP and related litigation. NJNG reviews these costs at the end of each fiscal year and adjusts its liability and corresponding regulatory asset as necessary to reflect its expected future remediation obligation. Accordingly, NJNG recognized a regulatory asset and an obligation of ~~$125.7 million~~$165.3M as of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, a decrease of ~~$1.3 million~~$4.1M compared with the prior fiscal period.

In June 2019, NJNG initiated a preliminary assessment of a site in Aberdeen, New Jersey to determine prior ownership and if former MGP operations were active at the location. The preliminary assessment and site investigation activities are ongoing at the Aberdeen site and based on initial findings will be moving to the remedial investigation phase. The costs associated with preliminary assessment, site investigation and remedial investigation activities are considered immaterial and are included as a component of NJNG’s annual SBC application to recover remediation expenses. We will continue to gather information to further refine and enhance the estimate of potential costs for this site as it becomes available. See Note 13. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities for a more ~~detailed description.~~details.

Other regulatory filings and a more detailed discussion of the filings in this section can be found in Note 4. Regulation in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF~~

~~OPERATIONS (Continued)~~

Operating Results

NJNG's operating results are as follows:


			Three Months Ended
			December 31,
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
		December 31,									December 31,
(Thousands)	(Thousands)			2022		2021		(Thousands)	2023	2022
Operating revenues (1)	Operating revenues (1)			$	357,746	$	274,772
Operating expenses	Operating expenses
Natural gas purchases (2)(3)
Natural gas purchases (2)(3)
Natural gas purchases (2)(3)	Natural gas purchases (2)(3)			184,771		124,594
Operation and maintenance	Operation and maintenance			49,721		36,431
Regulatory rider expense (4)	Regulatory rider expense (4)			18,251		16,671
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization			24,890��		22,893
Total operating expenses	Total operating expenses			277,633		200,589
Operating income	Operating income			80,113		74,183
Other income, net	Other income, net			2,643		1,096
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest	Interest expense, net of capitalized interest			13,709		10,995
Income tax provision	Income tax provision			14,383		13,204
Net income	Net income			$	54,664	$	51,080

(1)Includes nonutility revenue of approximately ~~$337,000~~$0.3M for both the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, for lease agreements with various NJR subsidiaries leasing office space from NJNG at the Company’s headquarters, which are eliminated in consolidation.

(2)Includes the purchased cost of the natural gas, fees paid to pipelines and storage facilities, adjustments as a result of BGSS incentive programs and hedging transactions. These expenses are passed through to customers and are offset by corresponding revenues.

(3)Includes related party transactions of approximately ~~$2.3 million~~$2.3M for both the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, a portion of which is eliminated in consolidation.

(4)Consists of expenses associated with state-mandated programs, the RAC and energy efficiency programs, and are calculated on a per-therm basis. These expenses are passed through to customers and are offset by corresponding revenues.

~~Operating Revenues and Natural Gas Purchases~~

Operating revenues increased by 30.2 percent and natural gas purchases increased 48.3 percent during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021. The factors contributing to the increases and decreases in operating revenues and natural gas purchases are as follows:

Three Months Ended
December 31,
2022 v. 2021
(Thousands) Operating
revenues Natural gas
purchases
BGSS incentives $ 19,760 $ 14,838
Average BGSS rates 26,479 26,479
Firm sales 39,646 20,139
Base rate impact 6,927 —
CIP adjustments (11,295) —
Riders and other (1)
1,457 (1,279)
Total increase $ 82,974 $ 60,177

~~(1)Rider and other includes changes in rider rates, including those related to EE, NJCEP and other programs, which is offset in regulatory rider expense.~~

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New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

Operating Revenues and Natural Gas Purchases

Operating revenues decreased 18.0% and natural gas purchases decreased 35.9% during the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2022.

The factors contributing to the increases and decreases in operating revenues and natural gas purchases are as follows:


	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
	2023 v. 2022
(Thousands)		Operating revenues		Natural gas purchases
BGSS incentives		$	(36,219)	$	(32,914)
Average BGSS rates		(28,029)		(28,029)

Firm sales		(8,816)		(5,070)
CIP adjustments		7,998		—

Riders and other (1)		750		(314)
Total decrease		$	(64,316)	$	(66,327)

(1)Rider and other includes changes in rider rates, including those related to Energy Efficiency, NJCEP and other programs, which is offset in regulatory rider expense.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Management uses Utility Gross Margin, a non-GAAP financial measure, when evaluating the operating results of NJNG. NJNG's Utility Gross Margin is defined as operating revenues less natural gas purchases, sales tax, and regulatory rider expenses. This measure differs from gross margin as presented on a GAAP basis as it excludes certain operations and maintenance expense and depreciation and amortization. Utility Gross Margin may also not be comparable to the definition of gross margin used by others in the natural gas distribution business and other industries. Management believes that Utility Gross margin provides a meaningful basis for evaluating utility operations since natural gas costs, sales tax and regulatory rider expenses are included in operating revenues and passed through to customers and, therefore, have no effect on Utility Gross Margin. Non-GAAP financial measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative to, GAAP and should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, the comparable GAAP measure.

Utility Gross Margin

A reconciliation of gross margin, the closest GAAP financial measure to NJNG's Utility Gross Margin, is as follows:


			Three Months Ended
			December 31,
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
		December 31,									December 31,
(Thousands)	(Thousands)			2022		2021		(Thousands)	2023	2022
Operating revenues	Operating revenues			$	357,746	$	274,772
Less:	Less:
Natural gas purchases
Natural gas purchases
Natural gas purchases	Natural gas purchases			184,771		124,594
Operation and maintenance (1)	Operation and maintenance (1)			26,294		13,141
Regulatory rider expense	Regulatory rider expense			18,251		16,671
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization			24,890		22,893
Gross margin	Gross margin			103,540		97,473
Add:	Add:
Operation and maintenance (1)	Operation and maintenance (1)			26,294		13,141
Operation and maintenance (1)
Operation and maintenance (1)
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization			24,890		22,893
Utility Gross Margin	Utility Gross Margin			$	154,724	$	133,507

(1)Excludes ~~selling, general and administrative expenses~~SG&A of approximately ~~$23.4 million~~$28.3M and ~~$23.3 million~~$23.4M for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

Utility Gross Margin consists of three components:

•Utility firm gross margin generated from only the delivery component of either a sales tariff or a transportation tariff from residential and commercial customers who receive natural gas service from NJNG;

•BGSS incentive programs, where revenues generated or savings achieved from BPU-approved off-system sales, capacity release or storage incentive programs are shared between customers and NJNG; and

•Utility Gross Margin generated from off-tariff customers, as well as interruptible customers.

The following provides more information on the components of Utility Gross Margin and associated throughput (Bcf) of natural gas delivered to customers:


			Three Months Ended
			December 31,
					2022			2021
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
		December 31,											December 31,
				2023											2023			2022
($ in thousands)	($ in thousands)					Margin		Bcf	Margin		Bcf	($ in thousands)		Margin		Bcf	Margin		Bcf
Utility Gross Margin/Throughput	Utility Gross Margin/Throughput
Residential
Residential
Residential	Residential					$	104,018	14.7	$	92,605	12.6
Commercial, industrial and other	Commercial, industrial and other					20,779		2.7	19,102		2.3
Firm transportation	Firm transportation					20,480		4.0	17,282		3.6
Total utility firm gross margin/throughput	Total utility firm gross margin/throughput					145,277		21.4	128,989		18.5
BGSS incentive programs	BGSS incentive programs					8,686		17.9	3,764		25.1
Interruptible/off-tariff agreements	Interruptible/off-tariff agreements					761		3.6	754		6.1
Total Utility Gross Margin/Throughput	Total Utility Gross Margin/Throughput					$	154,724	42.9	$	133,507	49.7

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF~~

~~OPERATIONS (Continued)~~

Utility Firm Gross Margin

Utility firm gross margin increased ~~$16.3 million~~approximately $4.4M during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, compared with the three months ended December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, due primarily to increased ~~base rates along with higher BGSS incentive and increased~~ residential ~~and transportation~~ customers.

The factors contributing to the change in Utility Gross Margin generated by BGSS incentive programs are as follows:

Three Months Ended

December 31,

(Thousands)

~~2022~~2023 v. ~~2021~~2022

Off-system sales

~~3,179~~(2,926)

Storage

~~1,749~~(318)

Capacity release

~~(6)~~(61)

Total ~~increase~~decrease

~~4,922~~(3,305)

~~The increase in~~ BGSS incentive programs decreased during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, compared with the three months ended December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, was due primarily to ~~increased~~decreased margins from off-system sales ~~and the acceleration of storage incentives.~~

~~Operation and Maintenance Expense~~

O&M expense increased $13.3 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, due primarily to the deferral of $10.7 million in pandemic related costs in accordance with the July 2, 2020 BPU deferral order in December 2021 that did not reoccur.

~~Depreciation Expense~~

Depreciation expense increased $2.0 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, as a result of additional utility plant being placed into service.

~~Interest Expense~~

~~Interest expense increased $2.7 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, due primarily to increased outstanding long-term debt.~~

~~Other Income~~

~~Other income increased $1.5 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, due primarily to increased AFUDC equity.~~

~~Income Tax Provision~~

~~Income tax provision increased $1.2 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021,~~ due to ~~higher income before income taxes.~~lower, less volatile natural gas prices and a lack of market opportunities.

Net Income

Net income increased $3.6 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, due primarily to higher Utility Gross Margin and increased other income, partially offset by higher O&M, depreciation and interest expenses and higher income taxes as previously discussed.


Net income decreased $3.2M during the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2022, due primarily to the following factors:

•$5.0M increase in O&M due to higher employee related expenses and information technology costs;
•$2.0M increase in depreciation expense as a result of additional utility plant being placed into service; partially offset by

•$1.1M increase in Utility Gross Margin, as previously discussed; and
•$3.7M decrease in income tax expense.

4441

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

Clean Energy Ventures

Overview

~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV actively pursues opportunities in the renewable energy markets. ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV enters into various agreements to install solar net-metered systems for residential and commercial customers, as well as large commercial grid-connected projects. In addition, ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV enters into various long-term agreements, including PPAs, to supply energy from commercial solar projects.

Capital expenditures related to clean energy projects are subject to change due to a variety of factors that may affect our ability to commence operations at these projects on a timely basis or at all, including logistics associated with the start-up of residential and commercial solar projects, such as timing of construction schedules, the permitting and regulatory process, any delays related to electric grid interconnection, economic trends, unforeseen events and the ability to access capital or allocation of capital to other investments or business opportunities. ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV is also subject to various risks, ~~including those associated with COVID-19,~~ which may include impacts to residential solar customer growth and customer collections, our ability to identify and develop commercial solar asset investments, impacts to our supply chain and our ability to source materials for construction.

The primary contributors toward the value of qualifying clean energy projects are tax incentives and RECs. Changes in the federal statutes related to the ITC and/or relevant state legislation and regulatory policies affecting the market for solar renewable energy credits, could significantly affect future results.

Solar projects placed in service and related expenditures are as follows:


		Three Months Ended
		Three Months Ended
		December 31,

		Three Months Ended

		Three Months Ended
	December 31,																December 31,
($ in Thousands)	($ in Thousands)	2022				2021				($ in Thousands)	2023			2022
Placed in service	Placed in service	Projects	MW	Costs		Projects	MW	Costs		Placed in service	Projects	MW	Costs	Projects	MW	Costs
Grid-connected (1)	Grid-connected (1)	1	7.5	$	14,076	1	1.0	$	3,120
Net-metered:	Net-metered:
Commercial		2	10.5	25,330		—	—	—
Commercial (1)
Commercial (1)
Commercial (1)
Sunlight Advantage®	Sunlight Advantage®	45	0.6	1,840		53	0.6	1,553
Total placed in service	Total placed in service	48	18.6	$	41,246	54	1.6	$	4,673

(1)Includes projects subject to sale leaseback arrangements.

~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV has approximately ~~405.2~~472.5 MW of solar capacity in service. Projects that were placed in service through December 31, 2019, qualified for a ~~30 percent~~30% federal ITC. The credit declined to ~~26 percent~~26% for property under construction during ~~2020. In December~~ 2020 ~~the 26 percent federal ITC was extended~~ through the end of 2022. ~~Following the signing of the Inflation Reduction Act into law in~~In August 2022, the federal ITC was restored to ~~30 percent~~30% through the end of 2032. There are additional opportunities to increase the credit amount ~~up to 20 percent~~ for certain facilities that are placed in service after December 31, 2022, based upon the type of project and location. ~~ITC-eligible projects placed in service prior to the enactment of the Inflation Reduction Act are not impacted by the change.~~

~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV may enter into transactions to sell certain of its commercial solar assets concurrent with agreements to lease the assets back over a period of five to 15 years. The Company will continue to operate the solar assets and are responsible for related expenses and entitled to retain the revenue generated from RECs and energy sales. The ITCs and other tax benefits associated with these solar projects transfer to the buyer if applicable; however, the lease payments are structured so that ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV is compensated for the transfer of the related tax incentives. Accordingly, for solar projects financed under sale leasebacks for which the assets were sold during the first 5 years of in-service life, ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV recognizes the equivalent value of the ITC in other income on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations over the respective five-year ITC recapture periods, starting with the second year of the lease. ~~During~~CEV received proceeds of approximately $24.4M and $33.2M during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021, Clean Energy Ventures received proceeds of $33.2 million and $3.3 million,~~2022, respectively, in connection with ~~the~~ sale ~~leaseback~~leasebacks of commercial solar assets.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF~~

~~OPERATIONS (Continued)~~

As part of its solar investment portfolio, ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV operates a residential and small commercial solar program, The Sunlight Advantage®, that provides qualifying homeowners and small business owners the opportunity to have a solar system installed at their home or place of business with no installation or maintenance expenses. ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV owns, operates and maintains the system over the life of the contract in exchange for monthly payments.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

For solar installations placed in-service in New Jersey prior to April 30, 2020, each MWh of electricity produced creates an SREC that represents the renewable energy attribute of the solar-electricity generated that can be sold to third parties, predominantly load-serving entities that are required to comply with the solar requirements under New Jersey's renewable portfolio standard.

~~In December 2019,~~Following the close of the SREC market in New Jersey, the BPU established the TREC as the successor program to the SREC program. TRECs provide a fixed compensation base multiplied by an assigned project factor in order to determine their value. The project factor is determined by the type and location of the project, as defined. All TRECs generated are required to be purchased monthly by a TREC program administrator as appointed by the BPU.

In July 2021, the BPU established a new successor solar incentive program. This Administratively Determined Incentive Program, which we refer to as SREC IIs, provides administratively set incentives for net metered residential projects and net metered non-residential projects of 5 MW or less.

REC activity consisted of the following: Three Months Ended
December 31,
2022 2021
SRECs SREC IIs TRECs SRECs TRECs
Inventory balance as of October 1, 116,005 247 10,759 108,104 6,944
RECs generated 98,462 1,784 8,345 92,172 6,085
RECs delivered (16,812) (919) (12,933) (12,200) (7,240)
Inventory balance as of December 31, 197,655 1,112 6,171 188,076 5,789
In December 2022, the BPU established the Competitive Solar Incentive Program, which will provide incentives to larger solar facilities. It is open to qualifying grid supply solar facilities, non-residential net metered solar installations with a capacity greater than 5MW, and eligible grid supply solar facilities installed in combination with energy storage.

~~The average SREC sales price was $231 and $235~~REC activity during the three months ended, ~~December 31, 2022~~consisted of the following:


	Beginning inventory balance	RECs		Ending inventory balance	Average
		Generated	Delivered		Sale Price
December 31, 2023
SRECs	144,138	93,570	(122,439)	115,269		$212
TRECs (1)	10,120	16,705	(20,608)	6,217		$142
SREC IIs (1)	6,013	2,773	(1,527)	7,259		$89
December 31, 2022
SRECs	116,005	98,462	(16,812)	197,655		$231
TRECs (1)	10,759	8,345	(12,933)	6,171		$140
SREC IIs (1)	247	1,784	(919)	1,112		$91

(1)The TRECs’ and ~~2021, respectively,~~SREC IIs’ inventory balance is due to the ~~average TREC price was $140 and $139 during~~timing of when the ~~three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and~~RECs are delivered to the ~~average SREC II price was $91 during the three months ended December 31, 2022.~~state administrator related to their generation.

~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV hedges its expected SREC production through the use of forward sales contracts. The following table reflects the hedged percentage of our projected inventory of SRECs related to its in-service commercial and residential assets:


Energy Year (1)	Energy Year (1)	Percent of SRECs Hedged	Energy Year (1)	Percent of SRECs Hedged
2023		95%
2024	2024	98%	2024	99%
2025	2025	89%	2025	89%
2026	2026	31%	2026	82%
2027	2027	17%	2027	28%
2028			2028	16%

(1)Energy years are compliance periods for New Jersey's renewable portfolio standard that run from June 1 to May 31.

There are no direct costs associated with the production of RECs by our solar assets. All related costs are included as a component of O&M ~~expenses~~ on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, including such expenses as facility maintenance and broker fees.

4643

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

Operating Results

~~Clean Energy Ventures’~~CEV’s financial results are summarized as follows:


			Three Months Ended
			December 31,
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
		December 31,									December 31,
(Thousands)	(Thousands)			2022		2021		(Thousands)	2023	2022
Operating revenues	Operating revenues			$	12,792	$	10,183
Operating expenses	Operating expenses
Operation and maintenance	Operation and maintenance			7,537		8,922
Operation and maintenance
Operation and maintenance
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization			5,576		5,233

Total operating expenses	Total operating expenses			13,113		14,155
Operating loss				(321)		(3,972)
Total operating expenses
Total operating expenses
Operating income (loss)
Other income, net	Other income, net			797		532
Interest expense, net	Interest expense, net			5,895		5,427
Income tax benefit				(1,837)		(2,046)
Net loss				$	(3,582)	$	(6,821)
Income tax provision (benefit)
Net income (loss)

~~Operating Revenues~~

Operating revenues increased $2.6 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, due primarily to increased REC and electricity sales.

~~Operation and Maintenance Expense~~

~~O&M expense decreased $1.4 million during the three months ended, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, due primarily to decreased project maintenance expenses.~~

~~Net Loss~~

Net loss decreased $3.2 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, due primarily to the increased operating revenues and lower O&M, as previously discussed, partially offset by a lower income tax benefit related to a lower operating loss.


Net income (loss) increased approximately $14.1M during the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2022, due primarily to the following factors:
•$22.5M increase in operating revenues due to higher SREC sales; partially offset by

•$2.5M increase in O&M due to higher project maintenance expenses and lease expenses; and
•$5.0M increase in income tax expense.

Energy Services

Overview

~~Energy Services~~ES markets and sells natural gas to wholesale and retail customers and manages natural gas transportation and storage assets throughout major market areas across North America. ~~Energy Services~~ES maintains a strategic portfolio of natural gas transportation and storage contracts that it utilizes in conjunction with its market expertise to provide service and value to its customers. Availability of these transportation and storage contracts allows ~~Energy Services~~ES to generate market opportunities by capturing price differentials over specific time horizons and between geographic market locations.

~~Energy Services~~ES also provides management of transportation and storage assets for natural gas producers and regulated utilities. These management transactions typically involve the release of producer/utility-owned storage and/or transportation capacity in combination with an obligation to either purchase and/or deliver physical natural gas. In addition to the contractual purchase and/or sale of physical natural gas, ~~Energy Services~~ES generates or pays fee-based margin in exchange for its active management and may provide the producer and/or utility with additional margin based on actual results.

In conjunction with the active management of these contracts, ~~Energy Services~~ES generates Financial Margin by identifying market opportunities and simultaneously entering into natural gas purchase/sale, storage or transportation contracts and financial derivative contracts. In cases where storage is utilized to fulfill these contracts, these forecast sales and/or purchases are economically hedged through the use of financial derivative contracts. The financial derivative contracts consist primarily of

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF~~

~~OPERATIONS (Continued)~~

exchange-traded futures, options and swap contracts, and are frequently used to lock in anticipated transactional cash flows and to help manage volatility in natural gas market prices. Generally, when its transportation and storage contracts are exposed to periods of increased market volatility, ~~Energy Services~~ES is able to implement strategies that allow it to capture margin by improving the respective time or geographic spreads on a forward basis.

~~Energy Services~~

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

ES accounts for its physical commodity contracts and its financial derivative instruments at fair value on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the fair value of physical commodity contracts and financial derivative instruments are included in earnings as a component of operating revenues or natural gas purchases on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Volatility in reported net income at ~~Energy Services~~ES can occur over periods of time due to changes in the fair value of derivatives, as well as timing differences related to certain transactions. Unrealized gains and losses can fluctuate as a result of changes in the price of natural gas, SRECs and foreign currency from the original transaction price. Volatility in earnings can also occur as a result of timing differences between the settlement of financial derivatives and the sale of the underlying physical commodity. For example, when a financial instrument settles and the physical natural gas is injected into inventory, the realized gains and losses associated with the financial instrument are recognized in earnings. However, the gains and losses associated with the physical natural gas are not recognized in earnings until the natural gas inventory is withdrawn from storage and sold, at which time ~~Energy Services~~ES realizes the entire margin on the transaction.

During December 2020, ~~Energy Services~~ES entered into a series of AMAs with an investment grade public utility to release pipeline capacity associated with certain natural gas transportation contracts. The utility provides certain asset management services and ~~Energy Services~~ES may deliver natural gas to the utility in exchange for aggregate net proceeds of approximately ~~$500 million,~~$500M, payable through November 1, 2030. The AMAs include a series of initial and permanent releases, which commenced on November 1, 2021. NJR will receive a total of approximately ~~$260 million~~$260M in cash from fiscal 2022 through fiscal 2024 and ~~$34 million~~$34M per year from fiscal 2025 through fiscal 2031 under the agreements. ~~Energy Services~~ES recognized ~~$20.0 million~~operating revenue of approximately $9.5M and ~~$22.1 million of operating revenue~~$20.0M during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Amounts received in excess of revenue totaling ~~$87.2 million~~$116.8M and ~~$33.8 million~~$58.7M as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively, are included in deferred revenue on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Operating Results

~~Energy Services’~~ES’ financial results are summarized as follows:


			Three Months Ended
			December 31,
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
		December 31,									December 31,
(Thousands)	(Thousands)			2022		2021		(Thousands)	2023	2022
Operating revenues (1)	Operating revenues (1)			$	321,782	$	369,244
Operating expenses	Operating expenses
Natural gas purchases (including demand charges (2)(3))	Natural gas purchases (including demand charges (2)(3))			233,287		278,687
Natural gas purchases (including demand charges (2)(3))
Natural gas purchases (including demand charges (2)(3))
Operation and maintenance	Operation and maintenance			1,123		3,751
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization			57		28

Total operating expenses
Total operating expenses
Total operating expenses	Total operating expenses			234,467		282,466
Operating income	Operating income			87,315		86,778
Other income, net	Other income, net			368		146
Interest expense, net	Interest expense, net			3,058		675
Income tax provision	Income tax provision			20,064		20,505
Net income	Net income			$	64,561	$	65,744

(1)Includes related party transactions of approximately ~~$8.4 million~~$1.1M and ~~$3.5 million~~$8.4M for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, which are eliminated in consolidation.

(2)Costs associated with pipeline and storage capacity are expensed over the term of the related contracts, which generally varies from less than one year to ~~ten~~10 years.

(3)Includes related party transactions of approximately ~~$242,000~~$0.3M and ~~$225,000 for~~$0.2M during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, a portion of which is eliminated in consolidation.

ES' portfolio of financial derivative instruments are composed of:


	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
(in Bcf)	2023	2022
Net short futures and swaps contracts	10.0	10.7

During the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the net short position resulted in an unrealized gain of approximately $16.7M and $25.4M, respectively.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

~~Energy Services' portfolio of financial derivative instruments are composed of:~~

Three Months Ended
December 31,
(in Bcf) 2022 2021
Net short futures and swaps contracts 10.7 22.2

~~During the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the net short position resulted in an unrealized gain of $25.4 million and $22.8 million, respectively.~~

~~Operating Revenues and Natural Gas Purchases~~

Operating revenues decreased ~~$47.5 million~~approximately $222.1M and natural gas purchases decreased ~~$45.4 million~~approximately $173.1M during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, compared with the three months ended December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, due primarily to ~~volatility~~a decrease in natural gas prices ~~and~~of 57.1%. The decrease is related to the ~~related hedging transactions.~~prior year volatility resulting from Winter Storm Elliott, which occurred during December 2022.

Future results at ~~Energy Services~~ES are contingent upon natural gas market price volatility driven by variations in both the supply and demand balances caused by weather and other factors. As a result, variations in weather patterns in the key market areas served may affect earnings during the fiscal year. Changes in market fundamentals, such as an increase in supply and decrease in demand due to warmer temperatures, and reduced volatility can negatively impact ~~Energy Services'~~ES' earnings. See Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Natural Gas Distribution for TETCO M-3 Daily Prices, which illustrates the daily natural gas prices in the Northeast market region.

~~Operation and Maintenance Expense~~


Net income decreased approximately $40.6M during the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2022, due primarily to the following factors:
•$222.1M decrease in operating revenues, as previously discussed;
•$4.0M increase in O&M due to higher employee related expenses and a reduction in the reserve for bad debt in the prior year; partially offset by
•$173.1M decrease in natural gas purchases, as previously discussed; and
•$12.6M decrease in income tax expense.

~~O&M expense decreased $2.6 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, due primarily to a reduction in the reserve for bad debt.~~

~~Interest Expense~~

Interest expense increased $2.4 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, due primarily to increased borrowings and higher interest rates.

~~Net Income~~

Net income decreased $1.2 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, due primarily to increased interest expense, as previously discussed, partially offset by lower income tax expense related to lower operating income.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Management uses Financial Margin and NFE, non-GAAP financial measures, when evaluating the operating results of ~~Energy Services.~~ES. Financial Margin and NFE are based on removing timing differences associated with certain derivative instruments. GAAP also requires us, during the interim periods, to estimate our annual effective tax rate and use this rate to calculate the year-to-date tax provision. We also determine an annual estimated effective tax rate for NFE purposes and calculate a quarterly tax adjustment based on the differences between our forecasted net income and our forecasted NFE for the fiscal year. This adjustment is applied to ~~Energy Services,~~ES, as the adjustment primarily relates to timing differences associated with certain derivative instruments which impacts the estimate of the annual effective tax rate for NFE. No adjustment is needed during the fourth quarter, since the actual effective tax rate is calculated at year end.

Management views these measures as representative of the overall expected economic result and uses these measures to compare ~~Energy Services'~~ES' results against established benchmarks and earnings targets as these measures eliminate the impact of volatility on GAAP earnings as a result of timing differences associated with the settlement of derivative instruments. To the extent that there are unanticipated impacts from changes in the market value related to the effectiveness of economic hedges, ~~Energy Services'~~ES' actual non-GAAP results can differ from the results anticipated at the outset of the transaction. Non-GAAP financial measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative to, GAAP and should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, the comparable GAAP measure.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF~~

~~OPERATIONS (Continued)~~

When ~~Energy Services~~ES reconciles the most directly comparable GAAP measure to both Financial Margin and NFE, the current period unrealized gains and losses on derivatives are excluded as a reconciling item. Financial Margin and NFE also exclude the effects of economic hedging of the value of our natural gas in storage and, therefore, only include realized gains and losses related to natural gas withdrawn from storage, effectively matching the full earnings effects of the derivatives with realized margins on the related physical natural gas flows. Financial Margin differs from gross margin as defined on a GAAP basis as it excludes certain operations and maintenance expense and depreciation and amortization as well as the effects of derivatives as discussed above.

~~Financial Margin~~

~~A reconciliation of gross margin, the closest GAAP financial measure, to Energy Services' Financial Margin is as follows:~~

Three Months Ended
December 31,
(Thousands) 2022 2021
Operating revenues (1)
$ 321,782 $ 369,244
Less:
Natural gas purchases 233,287 278,687
Operation and maintenance (2)
3,455 (13,871)
Depreciation and amortization 57 28
Gross margin 84,983 104,400
Add:
Operation and maintenance (2)
3,455 (13,871)
Depreciation and amortization 57 28
Unrealized (gain) on derivative instruments and related transactions (39,886) (85,647)
Effects of economic hedging related to natural gas inventory (3)
23,972 23,577
Financial Margin $ 72,581 $ 28,487

~~(1)~~Includes unrealized losses related to an intercompany transaction between NJNG and Energy Services that have been eliminated in consolidation of approximately $8.4 million and $3.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

~~(2)Excludes selling, general and administrative expenses of approximately $(2.3) million and $17.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.~~

~~(3)Effects of hedging natural gas inventory transactions where the economic impact is realized in a future period.~~

Financial Margin increased $44.1 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, due primarily to higher natural gas price volatility in December 2022, as a result of cold weather in regions where Energy Services had contracted rights to transportation and storage assets.

~~Net Financial Earnings~~

~~A reconciliation of Energy Services' net income, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, to NFE is as follows:~~

Three Months Ended
December 31,
(Thousands) 2022 2021
Net income $ 64,561 $ 65,744
Add:
Unrealized (gain) on derivative instruments and related transactions (39,886) (85,647)
Tax effect (1)
9,479 20,357
Effects of economic hedging related to natural gas inventory 23,972 23,577
Tax effect (5,697) (5,603)
Net income to NFE tax adjustment 104 (861)
Net financial earnings $ 52,533 $ 17,567

~~(1)~~Includes taxes related to an intercompany transaction between NJNG and Energy Services that have been eliminated in consolidation of approximately $(2.0) million and $(821,000) for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

~~NFE increased $35.0 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, due primarily to higher Financial Margin, as previously discussed.~~

5046

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

Financial Margin

A reconciliation of gross margin, the closest GAAP financial measure, to ES' Financial Margin is as follows:


	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
(Thousands)		2023		2022
Operating revenues (1)		$	99,668	$	321,782
Less:
Natural gas purchases		60,166		233,287
Operation and maintenance (2)		4,689		3,455
Depreciation and amortization		57		57
Gross margin		34,756		84,983
Add:
Operation and maintenance (2)		4,689		3,455
Depreciation and amortization		57		57
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments and related transactions		(4,266)		(39,886)
Effects of economic hedging related to natural gas inventory (3)		(16,228)		23,972
Financial Margin		$	19,008	$	72,581

(1)Includes unrealized losses (gains) related to an intercompany transaction between NJNG and ES that have been eliminated in consolidation of approximately $1.1M and $8.4M during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(2)Excludes SG&A of approximately $0.4M and $(2.3)M during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(3)Effects of hedging natural gas inventory transactions where the economic impact is realized in a future period.

Financial Margin decreased approximately $53.6M during the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2022, due primarily to higher natural gas price volatility in December 2022 due to Winter Storm Elliott, as previously discussed.

Net Financial Earnings

A reconciliation of ES's net income, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, to NFE is as follows:


	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
(Thousands)		2023		2022
Net income		$	23,933	$	64,561
Add:
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments and related transactions		(4,266)		(39,886)
Tax effect (1)		1,013		9,479
Effects of economic hedging related to natural gas inventory		(16,228)		23,972
Tax effect		3,857		(5,697)
Net income to NFE tax adjustment		(478)		104
Net financial earnings		$	7,831	$	52,533

(1)Includes taxes related to an intercompany transaction between NJNG and ES that have been eliminated in consolidation of approximately $0.3M and $(2.0)M during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

NFE decreased approximately $44.7M during the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2022, due primarily to a decrease in Financial Margin, as previously discussed.

Future results are subject to ~~Energy Services'~~the ability of ES to expand its wholesale sales and service activities and are contingent upon many other factors, including an adequate number of appropriate and credit qualified counterparties in an active and liquid natural marketplace, volatility in the natural gas market due to weather or other fundamental market factors impacting supply and/or demand, transportation, storage and/or other market arbitrage opportunities, sufficient liquidity in the overall energy trading market, and continued access to liquidity in the capital markets.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

Storage and Transportation

Overview

~~Storage and Transportation~~S&T invests in natural gas assets, such as natural gas transportation and storage facilities. We believe that acquiring, owning and developing these storage and transportation assets, which operate under a tariff structure that has either cost- or market-based rates, can provide us a growth opportunity. ~~Storage and Transportation~~S&T is subject to various risks, including the construction, development and operation of our transportation and storage assets, obtaining necessary governmental, environmental and regulatory approvals, our ability to obtain necessary property rights and our ability to obtain financing at reasonable costs for the construction, operation and maintenance of our assets. In addition, our storage and transportation assets may be subject to risk associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, such as disruption to the supply chain and availability of critical equipment and supplies, disruptions to the availability of our specialized workforce and contractors and changes to demand for natural gas, transportation and other downstream activities.

~~Storage and Transportation~~S&T is comprised of Leaf River, a ~~32.2 million~~32.2M Dth salt dome natural gas storage facility that operates under market-based rates and Adelphia, ~~Gateway,~~ an existing 84-mile pipeline in southeastern ~~Pennsylvania. Adelphia Gateway~~Pennsylvania that operates under cost of service rates but can enter into negotiated rates with counterparties. The northern portion of the pipeline was operational upon acquisition and it currently serves two natural gas generation facilities. On October 5, 2020, we began the conversion of the southern zone of the pipeline to natural gas, which became fully operational on September 2, 2022.

~~Storage and Transportation~~S&T also has a ~~50 percent~~50% ownership interest in Steckman Ridge, a storage facility that operates under market-based rates. ~~As of December 31, 2022, our investment in Steckman Ridge was $106.2 million.~~

Storage and Transportation also has a 20 percent interest in PennEast, a partnership whose purpose was to construct and operate a 120-mile natural gas pipeline that would have extended from northeast Pennsylvania to western New Jersey. PennEast received a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity for the project from FERC in January 2018. However, because of numerous regulatory and legal challenges, we evaluated our equity investment in PennEast for impairment during fiscal 2021, and determined that it was other-than-temporarily impaired. We estimated the fair value of our investment in PennEast using probability weighted scenarios assigned to discounted future cash flows. The impairment was the result of management’s estimates and assumptions regarding the likelihood of certain outcomes related to required regulatory approvals and pending legal matters, the timing and magnitude of construction costs and in-service dates, the evaluation of the current environmental and political climate as it relates to interstate pipeline development, and transportation capacity revenues and discount rates.

On December 16, 2021, the FERC dismissed PennEast’s pending applications. The order vacates the certificate authorization for the PennEast pipeline project in light of PennEast’s response to FERC staff’s November 23, 2021 request for a status update, in which PennEast informed the Commission it is no longer developing the project. The order vacates the certificate authorization, subject to leave of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit where the Commission’s certificate and rehearing orders are under review.

During fiscal 2022, the PennEast board of managers approved cash distributions to members of the partnership following the sale of certain project-related assets and refunds of interconnection fees received from interstate pipelines. The return of capital received by the Company, which totaled $11.0 million, reduced the remaining carrying value of its equity method investment in PennEast to zero, with the excess recorded in equity in earnings (loss) of affiliates in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF~~

~~OPERATIONS (Continued)~~

Operating Results

The financial results of ~~Storage and Transportation~~S&T are summarized as follows:


			Three Months Ended
			December 31,
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
			Three Months Ended
		December 31,									December 31,
(Thousands)	(Thousands)			2022		2021		(Thousands)	2023	2022
Operating revenues (1)	Operating revenues (1)			$	26,838	$	12,143
Operating expenses	Operating expenses
Natural gas purchases
Natural gas purchases
Natural gas purchases	Natural gas purchases			805		704
Operation and maintenance	Operation and maintenance			7,474		7,430
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization			5,942		2,133
Total operating expenses	Total operating expenses			14,221		10,267
Operating income	Operating income			12,617		1,876
Other income, net	Other income, net			1,367		2,509
Interest expense, net	Interest expense, net			6,707		2,136
Income tax provision	Income tax provision			1,943		343
Equity in earnings of affiliates	Equity in earnings of affiliates			909		1,056
Net income	Net income			$	6,243	$	2,962

(1)Includes related party transactions of approximately ~~$1.1 million~~$0.7M and ~~$559,000 for~~$1.1M during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, which are eliminated in consolidation.

~~Operating Revenues~~


Net income decreased approximately $2.6M during the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2022, due primarily to a decrease in hub services revenue at Leaf River.

Operating revenues increased $14.7 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, due primarily to increased fixed price contract revenue for Adelphia Gateway and increased hub services at Leaf River.

~~Depreciation Expense~~

Depreciation expenses increased $3.8 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, due primarily to the southern portion of the Adelphia Gateway project, which was placed in service in September 2022.

~~Other Income, Net~~

Other income decreased $1.1 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, due primarily to decreased AFUDC equity related to the Adelphia Gateway project.

~~Interest Expense~~

Interest expense increased $4.6 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, due primarily to increased borrowings and higher interest rates.

~~Net Income~~

Net income increased $3.3 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, respectively, due primarily to increased operating income, partially offset by increased interest expense as previously discussed and income taxes related to the higher operating income.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF~~

~~OPERATIONS (Continued)~~

Home Services and Other

Overview

The financial results of ~~Home Services and Other~~HSO consist primarily of the operating results of NJRHS. NJRHS provides service, sales and installation of appliances to service contract customers and has been focused on growing its installation business and expanding its service contract customer base. ~~Home Services and Other~~HSO also includes organizational expenses incurred at NJR and home warranty contract income at NJR Retail.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

Operating Results

The condensed financial results of ~~Home Services and Other~~HSO are summarized as follows:

Three Months Ended
December 31,
(Thousands) 2022 2021
Operating revenues $ 14,266 $ 13,951
Income before income taxes $ 188 $ 693
Income tax provision 217 246
Net (loss) income $ (29) $ 447


	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
(Thousands)		2023		2022
Operating revenues		$	14,834	$	14,266




(Loss) income before income taxes		$	(652)	$	188
Income tax (benefit) provision		(52)		217
Net loss		$	(600)	$	(29)

~~Operating Revenues~~

Operating revenues increased $315,000 during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, due primarily to increased installation and service contract revenue at NJRHS.

~~Net (Loss) Income~~

Net income decreased $476,000 to a loss of $29,000 during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2021, due primarily to increased borrowings and higher interest rates.


Net loss remained relatively consistent during the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared with the three months ended December 31, 2022.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our objective is to maintain an efficient consolidated capital structure that reflects the different characteristics of each reporting segment and business operations and provides adequate financial flexibility for accessing capital markets as required.

Our consolidated capital structure was as follows:


		December 31, 2022		September 30, 2022
	December 31, 2023									December 31, 2023	September 30, 2023
Common stock equity	Common stock equity	37	%	38	%	Common stock equity	39	%	39	%
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	52		52
Short-term debt	Short-term debt	11		10
Total	Total	100	%	100	%	Total	100	%	100	%

Common Stock Equity

We satisfy our external common equity requirements, if any, through issuances of our common stock, including the proceeds from stock issuances under our DRP. The DRP allows us, at our option, to use treasury shares or newly issued shares to raise capital. NJR raised approximately ~~$3.8 million of equity through the DRP~~$3.8M during both the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021. During the three months ended December 31, 2022, we raised~~respectively. We issued approximately ~~$17.9 million of equity by issuing approximately~~410,000 and 368,000 shares through the waiver discount feature of the ~~DRP. There were no shares issued through the waiver discount feature~~DRP during the three months ended December 31, ~~2021.~~

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~2023 and 2022, respectively, and raised approximately $17.9M of equity for both periods.

~~ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF~~

~~OPERATIONS (Continued)~~

In 1996, the Board of Directors authorized us to implement a share repurchase program, which was expanded seven times since the inception of the program, authorizing a total of ~~19.5 million~~19.5M shares of common stock for repurchase. As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we had repurchased a total of approximately ~~17.8 million~~17.8M of those shares and may repurchase an additional ~~1.7 million~~1.7M shares under the approved program. There were no shares repurchased during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021.~~2022.

Debt

NJR and its unregulated subsidiaries generally rely on cash flows generated from operating activities and the utilization of committed credit facilities to provide liquidity to meet working capital and short-term debt financing requirements. NJNG also relies on the issuance of commercial paper for short-term funding. NJR and NJNG, as borrowers, respectively, periodically access the capital markets to fund long-life assets through the issuance of long-term debt securities.

We believe that our existing borrowing availability, equity proceeds and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to satisfy our working capital, capital expenditures and dividend requirements for at least the next 12 months. NJR, NJNG, ~~Clean Energy Ventures, Storage~~CEV, S&T and ~~Transportation and Energy Services~~ES currently anticipate that each of their financing requirements for the next 12 months will be met primarily through the issuance of short and long-term debt and meter or solar asset sale leasebacks.

We believe that as of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, NJR and NJNG were, and currently are, in compliance with all existing debt covenants, both financial and non-financial.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, recent geopolitical tensions and inflationary pressures, there has been uncertainty and volatility in the credit and capital markets. We have been able to obtain sufficient financing to meet our funding requirements for operations and capital expenditures, however, our ability to access funds from financial institutions at a reasonable cost in the future may impact the nature and timing of future capital market transactions.ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

Short-Term Debt

We use our short-term borrowings primarily to finance ~~Energy Services'~~ES' short-term liquidity needs, ~~Storage and Transportation~~S&T investments, share repurchases and, on an initial basis, ~~Clean Energy Ventures'~~CEV's investments. ~~Energy Services'~~ES' use of high-volume storage facilities and anticipated pipeline park-and-loan arrangements, combined with related economic hedging activities in the volatile wholesale natural gas market, create significant short-term cash requirements.

As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, NJR had a revolving credit facility ~~and a term loan~~ totaling ~~$800 million,~~$650M, with ~~$427.7 million~~$476.0M available under the ~~facility and term loan.~~facility.

NJNG satisfies its debt needs by issuing short-term and long-term debt based on its financial profile. The seasonal nature of NJNG's operations creates large short-term cash requirements, primarily to finance natural gas purchases and customer accounts receivable. NJNG obtains working capital for these requirements, and for the temporary financing of construction and MGP remediation expenditures and energy tax payments, based on its financial profile, through the issuance of commercial paper supported by the NJNG Credit Facility or through short-term bank loans under the NJNG Credit Facility.

NJNG’s commercial paper is sold through several commercial banks under an issuing and paying agency agreement and is supported by the ~~$250 million~~$250M NJNG Credit Facility. As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the unused amount available under the NJNG Credit Facility, including amounts allocated to the backstop under the commercial paper program and the issuance of letters of credit, was ~~$137.5 million.~~$145.8M.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF~~

~~OPERATIONS (Continued)~~

Short-term borrowings were as follows:


	Three Months Ended
(Thousands)	December 31, ~~2022~~2023
NJR
Notes Payable to banks:
Balance at end of period		$	~~352,650~~165,150
Weighted average interest rate at end of period		~~5.38~~6.56		%
Average balance for the period		$	~~401,523~~212,027
Weighted average interest rate for average balance		~~4.72~~6.54		%
Month end maximum for the period		$	~~465,000~~230,000
NJNG
Commercial Paper and Notes Payable to banks:
Balance at end of period		$	~~111,800~~103,500
Weighted average interest rate at end of period		~~4.60~~5.48		%
Average balance for the period		$	~~62,931~~71,621
Weighted average interest rate for average balance		~~4.00~~5.48		%
Month end maximum for the period		$	~~111,800~~106,700

Due to the seasonal nature of natural gas prices and demand, and because inventory levels are built up during its natural gas injection season (April through October), NJR and NJNG's short-term borrowings tend to peak in the November through January time frame.

NJR

~~During fiscal 2021,~~In August 2022, NJR entered into a First Amendment to NJR's Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement governing a ~~$500 million~~$650M NJR Credit Facility ~~which was to expire on~~with a maturity date of September 2, ~~2026.~~2027. The NJR Credit Facility is subject to ~~two mutual options for~~ a one-year extension beyond that date and includes an accordion feature, which allows NJR, in the absence of a default or event of default, to increase from time to time, with the existing or new lenders, the revolving credit commitments under the NJR Credit Facility in increments of ~~$50 million up to a maximum of $250 million.~~$50M with the total revolving credit commitments not exceeding $750M. The NJR Credit Facility also permits the borrowing of revolving loans and swingline loans, as well as a ~~$75 million~~$75M sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit. On August 30, 2022, NJR amended the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement to $650 million and extended the maturity date of the facility to September 2, 2027. The amendment also increased the swingline to $70 million from $60 million and moved to SOFR as the benchmark rate, replacing the existing LIBOR. Certain of NJR’s unregulated subsidiaries have guaranteed all of NJR’s obligations under the NJR Credit Facility. The credit facility is used primarily to finance its share repurchases, to satisfy ~~Energy Services’~~ES’ short-term liquidity needs and to finance, on an initial basis, unregulated investments.

As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, NJR had ~~seven~~eight letters of credit outstanding totaling ~~$19.7 million,~~$8.8M, which reduced the amount available under the NJR Credit Facility by the same amount. NJR does not anticipate that these letters of credit will be drawn upon by the counterparties.

In February 2022, NJR entered into a 364-day $150 million term loan credit agreement with an interest rate based on SOFR plus 0.85 percent, which expires on February 7, 2023. The Company borrowed $50 million on February 9, 2022 and $100 million on February 14, 2022 under the term loan.

Based on its average borrowings during fiscal 2023, NJR’s average interest rate was 4.72 percent, resulting in interest expense of approximately $4.9 million. Based on average borrowings of $401.5 million during the period, a 100 basis point change in the underlying average interest rate would have caused a change in interest expense of approximately $1.0 million during fiscal 2023.

~~Neither NJNG nor its assets are obligated or pledged to support the NJR Credit Facility or term loan credit agreement.~~

5550

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

Based on its average borrowings during the period, NJR’s average interest rate was 6.54%, resulting in interest expense of approximately $3.5M. Based on average borrowings of $212.0M during the period, a 100 basis point change in the underlying average interest rate would have caused a change in interest expense of approximately $0.5M during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Neither NJNG nor its assets are obligated or pledged to support the NJR Credit Facility.

NJNG

~~During fiscal 2021,~~In August 2022, NJNG ~~entered into a~~amended the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement governing a ~~$250 million~~$250M NJNG Credit Facility ~~which was to expire on~~with a maturity date of September 2, ~~2026.~~2027. The NJNG Credit Facility is subject to ~~two mutual options for~~ a one-year extension beyond that date and ~~permits the borrowing of revolving loans and swingline loans, as well as a $30 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit. The NJNG Credit Facility also~~ includes an accordion feature, which would allow NJNG, in the absence of a default or event of default, to increase from time to time, with the existing or new lenders, the revolving credit commitments under the NJNG Credit Facility in minimum increments of ~~$50 million~~$50M up to a maximum of ~~$100 million. On August 30, 2022,~~$100M. The NJNG ~~amended~~Credit Facility also permits the ~~Second Amended~~borrowing of revolving loans and ~~Restated Credit Agreement to extend~~swingline loans, as well as a $30M sublimit for the ~~maturity date~~issuance of ~~the facility to September 2, 2027 and moved to SOFR as the benchmark rate, replacing the existing LIBOR.~~letters of credit.

As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, NJNG had two letters of credit outstanding for ~~$731,000,~~$0.7M, which reduced the amount available under the NJNG Credit Facility by the same amount. NJNG does not anticipate that these letters of credit will be drawn upon by the counterparties.

Based on its average borrowings during fiscal ~~2023,~~2024, NJNG’s average interest rate was ~~4.00 percent,~~5.48%, resulting in interest expense of ~~$650,000.~~$1.0M. Based on average borrowings of ~~$62.9 million~~$71.6M during the period, a 100 basis point change in the underlying average interest rate would have caused a change in interest expense of approximately ~~$161,000~~$0.2M during fiscal ~~2023.~~2024.

Short-Term Debt Covenants

Borrowings under the NJR Credit Facility, term loan credit agreement and the NJNG Credit Facility are conditioned upon compliance with a maximum leverage ratio (consolidated total indebtedness to consolidated total capitalization as defined in the applicable agreements), of not more than .70 to 1.00 for NJR and .65 to 1.00 for NJNG. These revolving credit facilities and term loan credit agreement contain customary representations and warranties for transactions of this type. They also contain customary events of default and certain covenants that will limit NJR's or NJNG's ability, beyond agreed upon thresholds, to, among other things:

•incur additional debt;

•incur liens and encumbrances;

•make dispositions of assets;

•enter into transactions with affiliates; and

•merge, consolidate, transfer, sell or lease all or substantially all of the borrower's or guarantors' assets.

These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications set forth in the applicable agreements.

Default Provisions

The agreements governing our long-term and short-term debt obligations include provisions that, if not complied with, could require early payment or similar actions. Default events include, but are not limited to, the following:

•defaults for non-payment;

•defaults for breach of representations and warranties;

•defaults for insolvency;

•defaults for non-performance of covenants;

•cross-defaults to other debt obligations of the borrower; and

•guarantor defaults.

The occurrence of an event of default under these agreements could result in all loans and other obligations of the borrower becoming immediately due and payable and the termination of the credit facilities or term loan.

5651

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

Long-Term Debt

NJR

As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, NJR had the following outstanding:

•$~~50 million~~100M of ~~3.20 percent senior notes due August 18, 2023;~~

•~~$100 million of 3.48 percent~~3.48% senior notes due November 7, 2024;

•$~~100 million~~100M of ~~3.54 percent~~3.54% senior notes due August 18, 2026;

•$~~110 million~~110M of ~~4.38 percent~~4.38% senior notes due June 23, 2027;

•$~~100 million~~100M of ~~3.96 percent~~3.96% senior notes due June 8, 2028;

•$~~150 million~~150M of ~~3.29 percent~~3.29% senior notes due July 17, 2029;

•$~~130 million~~130M of ~~3.50 percent~~3.60% senior notes due July 23, 2032;

•$130M of 3.50% senior notes due July 23, 2030;

•$~~130 million~~120M of ~~3.60 percent~~3.13% senior notes due ~~July 23, 2032;~~September 1, 2031;

•$~~80 million~~80M of ~~3.25 percent~~3.25% senior notes due September 1, 2033;

•$~~120 million~~50M of ~~3.13 percent senior notes due September 1, 2031;~~

•~~$50 million of 3.64 percent~~3.64% senior notes due September 19, 2034; and

•$~~50 million~~50M of ~~6.14 percent~~6.14% senior notes due December 15, 2032.

Neither NJNG nor its assets are obligated or pledged to support NJR's long-term debt.

NJNG

As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, NJNG's long-term debt consisted of ~~$1.4 billion~~approximately $1.5B in fixed-rate debt issuances secured by the Mortgage Indenture, with maturities ranging from 2024 to 2061, and ~~$28.1 million~~approximately $27.7M in ~~finance leases~~sale leasebacks of natural gas meters with various maturities ranging from ~~2024~~2025 to ~~2028.~~2030.

Senior notes are secured by an equal principal amount of NJNG’s FMBs issued under NJNG’s Mortgage Indenture.

NJR is not obligated directly or contingently with respect to the NJNG’s fixed-rate debt issuances.

Long-Term Debt Covenants and Default Provisions

The NJR and NJNG long-term debt instruments contain customary representations and warranties for transactions of their type. They also contain customary events of default and certain covenants that will limit NJR or NJNG's ability beyond agreed upon thresholds to, among other things:

•incur additional debt (including a covenant that limits the amount of consolidated total debt of the borrower at the end of a fiscal quarter to ~~70 percent~~70% for NJR and ~~65 percent~~65% for NJNG of the consolidated total capitalization of the borrower, as those terms are defined in the applicable agreements, and a covenant limiting priority debt to ~~20 percent~~20% of the borrower's consolidated total capitalization, as those terms are defined in the applicable agreements);

•incur liens and encumbrances;

•make loans and investments;

•make dispositions of assets;

•make dividends or restricted payments;

•enter into transactions with affiliates; and

•merge, consolidate, transfer, sell or lease substantially all of the borrower's assets.

The aforementioned covenants are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications set forth in the applicable note purchase agreements.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

In addition, the FMBs issued by NJNG under the Mortgage Indenture are subject to certain default provisions. Events of Default, as defined in the Mortgage Indenture, consist mainly of:

•failure for 30 days to pay interest when due;

•failure to pay principal or premium when due and payable;

•failure to make sinking fund payments when due;

•failure to comply with any other covenants of the Mortgage Indenture after 30 days' written notice from the Trustee;

•failure to pay or provide for judgments in excess of ~~$30 million~~$30M in aggregate amount within 60 days of the entry thereof; or

•certain events that are or could be the basis of a bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency or receivership proceeding.

Upon the occurrence and continuance of such an Event of Default, the Mortgage Indenture, subject to any provisions of law applicable thereto, provides that the Trustee may take possession and conduct the business of NJNG, may sell the trust estate, or proceed to foreclose the lien of the Mortgage Indenture. The interest rate on defaulted principal and interest, to the extent permitted by law, on the FMBs issued under the Mortgage Indenture is the rate stated in the applicable supplement or, if no such rate is stated, ~~six percent~~6 % per annum.

Sale Leaseback

NJNG

~~NJNG~~ received ~~$8.4 million~~approximately $8.8M and ~~$17.3 million~~$8.4M during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, in connection with the sale leaseback of its natural gas meters. NJNG ~~records~~utilizes sale leaseback arrangements as a financing mechanism to fund certain of its capital expenditures related to natural gas meters, whereby the physical asset is sold concurrent with an agreement to lease ~~obligation that is paid over~~ the ~~term~~asset back. These agreements include options to renew the lease or repurchase the asset at the end of the ~~lease and has the option to purchase the meters back at fair value upon expiration~~term. As NJNG retains control of the ~~lease.~~natural gas meters, these arrangements do not qualify as a sale. NJNG uses the financing method to account for the transactions. NJNG continues to evaluate this sale leaseback program based on current market conditions. Natural gas meters are ~~excepted~~excluded from the lien on NJNG property under the Mortgage Indenture.

~~Clean Energy Ventures~~

~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV enters into transactions to sell the commercial solar assets concurrent with agreements to lease the assets back over a period of five to 15 years. ~~These transactions are considered failed~~The Company has concluded that these arrangements do not qualify as a sale ~~leasebacks~~ for accounting purposes, as the Company retains control of the underlying assets, and are therefore treated as financing obligations, which are typically secured by the renewable energy facility asset and its future cash flows from RECs and energy sales. ITCs and other tax benefits associated with these solar projects are transferred to the buyer, if applicable; however, the lease payments are structured so that ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV is compensated for the transfer of the related tax incentives. ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV continues to operate the solar assets, including related expenses, and retain the revenue generated from RECs and energy sales, and has the option to renew the lease or repurchase the assets sold at the end of the lease term. During the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021, Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV received proceeds of ~~$33.2 million~~approximately $24.4M and ~~$3.3 million,~~$33.2M, respectively, in connection with the sale leaseback of commercial solar projects. The proceeds received were recognized as a financing obligation on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Contractual Obligations and Capital Expenditures

As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, there were NJR guarantees covering approximately ~~$222.3 million~~$170.3M of natural gas purchases and ~~Energy Services~~ES demand fee commitments and ~~nine~~ten outstanding letters of credit totaling ~~$20.4 million,~~approximately $9.5M, as previously mentioned, not yet reflected in accounts payable on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Estimated capital expenditures are reviewed on a regular basis and may vary based on the ongoing effects of regulatory constraints, environmental regulations, unforeseen events, and the ability to access capital.

NJNG's total capital expenditures are projected to be between ~~$352 million~~$387M and ~~$378 million~~$440M during fiscal ~~2023.~~2024. Total capital expenditures spent or accrued during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, were ~~$80.7 million.~~approximately $89.1M. NJNG expects to fund its obligations with a combination of cash flows from operations, cash on hand, issuance of commercial paper, available capacity under its revolving credit facility and the issuance of long-term debt. As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, NJNG's future MGP expenditures are estimated to be ~~$125.7 million.~~approximately $165.3M. For a more detailed description of MGP expenditures see Note 13. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5853

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

During the three months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, our ~~Storage and Transportation~~S&T segment had capital expenditures spent or accrued for ~~the~~ Adelphia ~~Gateway project~~ totaling ~~$11.6 million~~approximately $1.8M and capital expenditures spent or accrued for Leaf River totaling ~~$0.9 million.~~approximately $7.0M. During fiscal ~~2023,~~2024, we expect expenditures related to ~~the~~ Adelphia ~~Gateway project~~ to be between ~~$12 million~~$8M and ~~$16 million~~$12M and expenditures related to Leaf River to be between ~~$8 million~~$25M and ~~$12 million.~~$35M.

During the three months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, total capital expenditures spent or accrued related to the purchase and installation of solar equipment were ~~$43.9 million. Clean Energy Ventures'~~approximately $19.1M. CEV's expenditures include clean energy projects that support our goal to promote renewable energy. Accordingly, ~~Clean Energy Ventures~~CEV enters into agreements to install solar equipment involving both residential and commercial projects. We estimate solar-related capital expenditures during fiscal ~~2023~~2024 to be between ~~$100 million~~$140M and ~~$200 million.~~$204M.

Capital expenditures related to clean energy projects are subject to change due to a variety of factors that may affect our ability to commence operations at these projects on a timely basis or at all, including sourcing projects that meet our investment criteria, logistics associated with the start-up of residential and commercial solar projects, such as timing of construction schedules, the permitting and regulatory process, any delays related to electric grid interconnection, economic trends or unforeseen events and the ability to access capital or allocation of capital to other investments or business opportunities.

~~Energy Services~~ES does not currently anticipate any significant capital expenditures during fiscal ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2024.~~2025.

During December 2020, ~~Energy Services~~ES entered into a series of AMAs with an investment grade public utility to release pipeline capacity associated with certain natural gas transportation contracts. The utility provides certain asset management services and ~~Energy Services~~ES may deliver natural gas to the utility in exchange for aggregate net proceeds of approximately ~~$500 million,~~$500M, payable through November 1, 2030. The AMAs include a series of initial and permanent releases, which commenced on November 1, 2021. NJR will receive approximately ~~$260 million~~$260M in cash from fiscal 2022 through fiscal 2024 and ~~$34 million~~$34M per year from fiscal 2025 through fiscal 2031 under the agreements. ~~During~~ES recognized operating revenue of approximately $9.5M and $20.0M during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~Energy Services recognized $20.0 million of operating revenue~~respectively, on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Amounts received in excess of revenue totaling ~~$87.2 million~~$116.8M and $58.7M as of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively, are included in deferred revenue on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Cash Flows

Operating Activities

Cash flows ~~used in~~from (used in) operating activities during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, totaled ~~$88.9 million,~~approximately $46.4M, compared with ~~$37.4 million~~approximately $(88.9)M during the three months ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Operating cash flows are primarily affected by variations in working capital, which can be impacted by several factors, including:

•seasonality of our business;

•fluctuations in wholesale natural gas prices and other energy prices, including changes in derivative asset and liability values;

•timing of storage injections and withdrawals;

•the deferral and recovery of natural gas costs;

•changes in contractual assets utilized to optimize margins related to natural gas transactions;

•broker margin requirements;

•impact of unusual weather patterns on our wholesale business;

•timing of the collections of receivables and payments of current liabilities;

•volumes of natural gas purchased and sold; and

•timing of SREC deliveries.

Cash flows ~~used in~~from operating activities increased ~~$51.5 million~~approximately $135.3M during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, compared with the three months ended December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, due primarily to ~~additional~~decreased working capital ~~requirements.~~requirements resulting from lower natural gas prices.

Investing Activities

Cash flows used in investing activities totaled approximately $113.8M during the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared with approximately $145.6M during the three months ended December 31, 2022. The decrease of approximately $31.8M was due primarily to decreased solar asset expenditures and lower capital expenditures for S&T.

5954

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS (Continued)

~~Investing Activities~~

Cash flows used in investing activities totaled $145.6 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared with $164.1 million during the three months ended December 31, 2021. The decrease of $18.5 million was due primarily to decreased capital expenditures for Storage and Transportation related to the conversion of the southern portion of Adelphia Gateway's pipeline to natural gas, which was placed into service during September 2022, partially offset by increased solar and utility plant expenditures.

Financing Activities

Financing cash flows generally are seasonal in nature and are impacted by the volatility in pricing in the natural gas and other energy markets. NJNG's inventory levels are built up during its natural gas injection season (April through October) and reduced during withdrawal season (November through March) in response to the supply requirements of its customers. Changes in financing cash flows can also be impacted by natural gas management and marketing activities at ~~Energy Services~~ES and clean energy investments at ~~Clean Energy Ventures.~~CEV.

Cash flows from financing activities totaled ~~$235.9 million~~approximately $69.3M during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, compared with ~~$198.0 million~~approximately $235.9M during the three months ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The ~~increase~~decrease of ~~$37.9 million~~approximately $166.6M is due primarily to ~~an increase~~a decrease in long-term debt proceeds of ~~$75 million, an increase in proceeds of $29.9 million from solar sale leasebacks and $17.9 million from the waiver discount issuance of common stock, partially offset by~~$125.0M, a decrease in ~~proceeds from~~net short-term debt ~~of $70.2 million and lower~~ proceeds of ~~$8.9 million for meter~~$24.0M and a decrease in solar sale ~~leasebacks.~~leaseback proceeds of $8.8M.

Credit Ratings

The table below summarizes NJNG's credit ratings as of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, issued by two rating entities, Moody's and Fitch:


	Moody's	Fitch
Corporate Rating	N/A	A-
Commercial Paper	P-2	F-2
Senior Secured	A1	A+
Ratings Outlook	Stable	Stable

Fitch ratings and outlook were reaffirmed on April ~~14, 2022.~~24, 2023. The Moody's ratings and outlook were reaffirmed on September ~~28, 2022.~~29, 2023. NJNG's Moody's and Fitch ratings are investment-grade ratings. NJR is not rated by Moody’s or Fitch.

Although NJNG is not party to any lending agreements that would accelerate the maturity date of any obligation caused by a failure to maintain any specific credit rating, if such ratings are downgraded below investment grade, borrowing costs could increase, as would the costs of maintaining certain contractual relationships and future financing and our access to capital markets would be reduced. Even if ratings are downgraded without falling below investment grade, NJR and NJNG could face increased borrowing costs under their credit facilities. A rating set forth above is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold NJR's or NJNG's securities and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time. Each rating set forth above should be evaluated independently of any other rating.

The timing and mix of any external financings will target a common equity ratio that is consistent with maintaining NJNG's current short-term and long-term credit ratings.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK~~

Financial Risk Management

Commodity Market Risks

Natural gas is a nationally traded commodity. Its prices are determined effectively by the NYMEX, ICE and over-the-counter markets. The prices on the NYMEX, CME, ICE and over-the-counter markets generally reflect the national balance of natural gas supply and demand, but are also significantly influenced from time to time by other events.

Our regulated and unregulated businesses are subject to market risk due to fluctuations in the price of natural gas. To economically hedge against such fluctuations, we have entered into forwards, futures, options and swap agreements. To manage these derivative instruments, we have well-defined risk management policies and procedures that include daily monitoring of volumetric limits and monetary guidelines. Our natural gas businesses are conducted through two of our operating subsidiaries. NJNG is a regulated utility that uses futures, options and swaps to provide relative price stability, and its recovery of natural gas costs is governed by the BPU. ~~Energy Services~~ES uses futures, options, swaps and physical contracts to economically hedge purchases and sales of natural gas.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK (Continued)

The following table reflects the changes in the fair market value of financial derivatives related to natural gas purchases and sales:

Balance

Increase

Less

Balance

Increase

Less

Balance

(Thousands)

September 30, 2022

(Decrease) in Fair
Market Value

Amounts
Settled

December 31, 2022

(Thousands)

September 30, 2023

in Fair
Market Value

Amounts
Settled

December 31, 2023

Natural Gas Distribution

(6,196)

7,714

3,977

(2,459)

Energy Services

(6,686)

18,400

11,386

328

NJNG

Total

(12,882)

26,114

15,363

(2,131)

There were no changes in methods of valuations during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

The following is a summary of fair market value of financial derivatives as of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, excluding foreign exchange contracts discussed below, by method of valuation and by maturity for each fiscal year period:


(Thousands)	(Thousands)	2023		2024	2025 - 2027		After 2027		Total Fair Value			(Thousands)	2024	2025	2026 - 2028	After 2028	Total Fair Value

Price based on ICE	Price based on ICE	(1,813)		(1,287)		969		—		(2,131)
Total		$	(1,813)	(1,287)		969		—		$	(2,131)
Price based on ICE
Price based on ICE

The following is a summary of financial derivatives by type as of December 31, ~~2022:~~2023:

Volume Bcf
Price per MMBtu(1)
Amounts included in Derivatives (Thousands)
Natural Gas Distribution Futures 23.1 $0.00 - $12.72 $ (2,459)
Energy Services Futures (10.7) $2.43 - $13.71 328
Total $ (2,131)


		Volume Bcf	Price per MMBtu(1)	Amounts included in Derivatives (Thousands)
NJNG	Futures	17.7	$1.40 - $5.37		$	8,451


ES	Futures	(10.0)	$1.33 - $5.92		16,709


Total					$	25,160

(1) Million British thermal units

The following table reflects the changes in the fair market value of physical commodity contracts:

Balance

Increase

Less

Balance

Increase

Less

Balance

(Thousands)

September 30, 2022

(Decrease) in Fair
Market Value

Amounts
Settled

December 31, 2022

(Thousands)

September 30, 2023

(Decrease) in Fair
Market Value

Amounts
Settled

December 31, 2023

Natural Gas Distribution - Prices based on other external data

241

(19,573)

(20,013)

681

Energy Services - Prices based on other external data

(20,379)

1,485

3,114

(22,008)

NJNG - Prices based on other external data

ES - Prices based on other external data

Total

(20,138)

(18,088)

(16,899)

(21,327)

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK (Continued)~~

Our market price risk is predominately linked with changes in the price of natural gas at the Henry Hub, the delivery point for the NYMEX natural gas futures contracts. Based on price sensitivity analysis, an illustrative ~~10 percent~~10% movement in the natural gas futures contract price, for example, increases (decreases) the reported derivative fair value of all open, unadjusted Henry Hub natural gas futures and fixed price swap positions by approximately ~~$5.3 million.~~$2.7M. This analysis does not include potential changes to reported credit adjustments embedded in the ~~$45.1 million~~$14.1M reported fair value.


Derivative Fair Value Sensitivity Analysis	Derivative Fair Value Sensitivity Analysis
(Thousands)
(Thousands)
(Thousands)
(Thousands)
(Thousands)
(Thousands)
(Thousands)
(Thousands)
(Thousands)
(Thousands)
(Thousands)
(Thousands)
(Thousands)
(Thousands)
(Thousands)	(Thousands)	Henry Hub Futures and Fixed Price Swaps										Henry Hub Futures and Fixed Price Swaps
Percent increase in NYMEX natural gas futures prices	Percent increase in NYMEX natural gas futures prices	0%		5%		10%		15%		20%		Percent increase in NYMEX natural gas futures prices	0%	5%	10%	15%	20%
Estimated change in derivative fair value	Estimated change in derivative fair value	$	—	$	(2,667)	$	(5,335)	$	(8,002)	$	(10,669)
Ending derivative fair value	Ending derivative fair value	$	45,074	$	42,407	$	39,739	$	37,072	$	34,405

Percent decrease in NYMEX natural gas futures prices	Percent decrease in NYMEX natural gas futures prices	0%		(5)%		(10)%		(15)%		(20)%
Percent decrease in NYMEX natural gas futures prices
Percent decrease in NYMEX natural gas futures prices													0%	(5)%	(10)%	(15)%	(20)%
Estimated change in derivative fair value	Estimated change in derivative fair value	$	—	$	2,667	$	5,335	$	8,002	$	10,669
Ending derivative fair value	Ending derivative fair value	$	45,074	$	47,741	$	50,409	$	53,076	$	55,743

Wholesale Credit Risk

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK (Continued)

The following is a summary of gross and net credit exposures, grouped by investment and non-investment grade counterparties, as of December 31, ~~2022.~~2023. Gross credit exposure for ~~Energy Services~~ES is defined as the unrealized fair value of derivative and energy trading contracts plus any outstanding wholesale receivable for the value of natural gas or power delivered and/or financial derivative commodity contract that has settled for which payment has not yet been received. Gross credit exposure for ~~Storage and Transportation~~S&T is defined as demand and estimated usage fees for contracted services and/or market value of loan balances for which payment has not yet been received. Net credit exposure is defined as gross credit exposure reduced by collateral received from counterparties and/or payables, where netting agreements exist. The amounts presented below exclude accounts receivable for NJNG retail natural gas sales and services.

~~Energy Services'~~ES', ~~Clean Energy Ventures'~~CEV's and ~~Storage and Transportation's~~S&T's counterparty credit exposure as of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, is as follows:


(Thousands)	(Thousands)	Gross Credit Exposure			Net Credit Exposure			(Thousands)	Gross Credit Exposure	Net Credit Exposure
Investment grade	Investment grade		$	215,786		$	191,596
Noninvestment grade	Noninvestment grade		58,329			1,736
Internally rated investment grade	Internally rated investment grade		29,487			21,347
Internally rated noninvestment grade	Internally rated noninvestment grade		45,658			18,042
Total	Total		$	349,260		$	232,721

NJNG's counterparty credit exposure as of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, is as follows:


(Thousands)	(Thousands)	Gross Credit Exposure			Net Credit Exposure			(Thousands)	Gross Credit Exposure	Net Credit Exposure
Investment grade	Investment grade		$	47,703		$	42,130
Noninvestment grade	Noninvestment grade		17,246			—
Internally rated investment grade	Internally rated investment grade		5,384			5,034
Internally rated noninvestment grade	Internally rated noninvestment grade		1,067			11
Total	Total		$	71,400		$	47,175

Due to the inherent volatility in the market price for natural gas, electricity and SRECs, the market value of contractual positions with individual counterparties could exceed established credit limits or collateral provided by those counterparties. If a counterparty failed to perform the obligations under its contract (for example, failed to make payment for natural gas received), we could sustain a loss. This loss would comprise the loss on natural gas delivered but not paid for and/or the cost of replacing natural gas not delivered or received at a price that exceeds the original contract price. Any such loss could have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

~~New Jersey Resources Corporation~~

~~Part I~~

~~ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK (Continued)~~

Effects of Interest Rate and Foreign Currency Rate Fluctuations

We are also exposed to changes in interest rates on our debt hedges, variable rate debt and changes in foreign currency rates for our business conducted in Canada using Canadian dollars. We do not believe an immediate ~~10 percent~~10% increase or decrease in interest rates or foreign currency rates would have a material effect on our operating results or cash flows.

Information regarding NJR's interest rate risk can be found in Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks and the Liquidity and Capital Resources - Debt section of Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Effects of Inflation

Any change in price levels has an effect on operating results due to the capital-intensive and regulated nature of our utility subsidiary. The Company’s operations are sensitive to increases in the rate of inflation because of its operational and capital spending requirements in both its regulated and non-regulated businesses. We attempt to minimize the effects of inflation through cost control, productivity improvements and regulatory actions, when appropriate. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for additional information related to the impact of recent increases in inflation rates.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part I

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

~~Disclosure Controls and Procedures~~

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective, to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.

6358

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part II

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Information regarding reportable legal proceedings is contained in Part I, Item 3. Legal Proceedings in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, and is set forth in Part I, Item 1, Note 13. Commitments and Contingent ~~Liabilities-Legal~~Liabilities-Legal Proceedings on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated by reference. No legal proceedings became reportable during the quarter ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, and there have been no material developments during such quarter regarding any previously reported legal proceedings, which have not been previously disclosed.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

While we attempt to identify, manage and mitigate risks and uncertainties associated with our business to the extent practical, under the circumstances, some level of risk and uncertainty will always be present. Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our ~~2022~~ 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K includes a detailed discussion of our risk factors. Those risks and uncertainties have the potential to materially affect our financial condition and results of operations. There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, of our ~~2022~~ 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALE OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table sets forth our repurchase activity for the quarter ended December 31, ~~2022:~~2023:


Period	Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit)	Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
10/01/2223 - 10/31/2223	—	—	—	1,685,053
11/01/2223 - 11/30/2223	—	—	—	1,685,053
12/01/2223 - 12/31/2223	—	—	—	1,685,053
Total	—	—	—	1,685,053

The stock repurchase plan, which was authorized by our Board of Directors, became effective in September 1996 and as of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, included ~~19.5 million~~19.5M shares of common stock for repurchase, of which, approximately ~~1.7 million~~1.7M shares remained available for repurchase. The stock repurchase plan will expire when we have repurchased all shares authorized for repurchase thereunder, unless the repurchase plan is earlier terminated by action of our Board of Directors or further shares are authorized for repurchase.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, no director or officer (as defined by Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part II

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS


Exhibit Number			Exhibit Description


~~4.1~~			~~$125,000,000 Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 24, 2022, by and among New Jersey Natural Gas Company and the Purchasers party thereto (incorporated by reference to~~ ~~Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed on~~ ~~October 28, 2022)~~

~~4.2~~			~~Twelfth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 1, 2022, by and between New Jersey Natural Gas Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to~~ ~~Exhibit 4.~~3 ~~to the Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed on~~ ~~October 28, 2022)~~

~~4.3~~			~~$50,000,000 Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 24, 2022, by and among New Jersey Resources Corporation and the Purchasers party thereto (incorporated by reference to~~ ~~Exhibit 4.~~2 ~~to the Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed on~~ ~~October 28, 2022)~~





~~10.1~~			~~New Jersey Resources Corporation 2017 Stock Award and Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Units Agreement Fiscal Year 2023 (incorporated by reference to~~ ~~Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed on November 17, 2022~~)

~~10.2~~			~~New Jersey Resources Corporation 2017 Stock Award and Incentive Plan Performance Share Units Agreement - Total Shareholder Return Fiscal Year 2023 (incorporated by reference to~~ ~~Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed on November 17, 2022~~)

~~10.3~~			~~New Jersey Resources Corporation 2017 Stock Award and Incentive Plan Performance Share Units Agreement - NFE Fiscal Year 2023 (incorporated by reference to~~ ~~Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed on November 17, 2022~~)

~~10.4~~			~~New Jersey Resources Corporation 2017 Stock Award and Incentive Plan Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units Agreement Fiscal Year 2023 (incorporated by reference to~~ ~~Exhibit 10.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed on November 17, 2022~~)











31.1+			Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2+			Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1+ †			Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2+ †			Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101+			Interactive Data File (Form 10-Q, for the fiscal period ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, furnished in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language))

104+			Cover Page Interactive Data File included in Exhibit 101

+ Filed herewith.

† This certificate accompanies this report pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not be deemed filed by NJR for purposes of Section 18 or any other provision of the Exchange Act.

6560

New Jersey Resources Corporation

Part II

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


		NEW JERSEY RESOURCES CORPORATION
		(Registrant)
Date:	February ~~2, 2023~~6, 2024
		By:/s/ Stephen M. Skrocki
		Stephen M. Skrocki
		Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)

6661


(Thousands)	Amounts Presented on Balance Sheets (1)			Offsetting Derivative Instruments (2)			Financial Collateral Received/Pledged (3)			Net Amounts (4)
As of December 31, 2022:
Derivative assets:
Energy Services
Physical commodity contracts		$	7,895		$	(1,698)		$	(1,310)		$	4,887
Financial commodity contracts		34,625			(14,224)			—			20,401

Total Energy Services		$	42,520		$	(15,922)		$	(1,310)		$	25,288
Natural Gas Distribution
Physical commodity contracts		$	710		$	—		$	—		$	710
Financial commodity contracts		4,893			(4,893)			—			—

Total Natural Gas Distribution		$	5,603		$	(4,893)		$	—		$	710



Derivative liabilities:
Energy Services
Physical commodity contracts		$	29,903		$	(1,698)		$	—		$	28,205

Financial commodity contracts		34,297			(14,224)			—			20,073

Total Energy Services		$	64,200		$	(15,922)		$	—		$	48,278
Natural Gas Distribution
Physical commodity contracts		$	29		$	—		$	—		$	29
Financial commodity contracts		7,352			(4,893)			—			2,459

Total Natural Gas Distribution		$	7,381		$	(4,893)		$	—		$	2,488



As of September 30, 2022:
Derivative assets:
Energy Services
Physical commodity contracts		$	10,233		$	(404)		$	(200)		$	9,629
Financial commodity contracts		20,432			(12,198)			—			8,234
Foreign currency contracts		18			(17)			—			1
Total Energy Services		$	30,683		$	(12,619)		$	(200)		$	17,864
Natural Gas Distribution
Physical commodity contracts		$	252		$	—		$	—		$	252
Financial commodity contracts		85			(85)			—			—
Total Natural Gas Distribution		$	337		$	(85)		$	—		$	252



Derivative liabilities:
Energy Services
Physical commodity contracts		$	30,612		$	(404)		$	—		$	30,208
Financial commodity contracts		27,118			(12,198)			—			14,920
Foreign currency contracts		17			(17)			—			—
Total Energy Services		$	57,747		$	(12,619)		$	—		$	45,128
Natural Gas Distribution
Physical commodity contracts		$	11		$	—		$	—		$	11
Financial commodity contracts		6,281			(85)			—			6,196

Total Natural Gas Distribution		$	6,292		$	(85)		$	—		$	6,207


(Thousands)	Amount of pre-tax gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives				Location of gain (loss) reclassified from OCI into income	Amount of pre-tax gain (loss) reclassified from OCI into income
	Three Months Ended					Three Months Ended
	December 31,					December 31,
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:	2022		2021			2022		2021
Interest rate contracts	$	—	$	—	Interest expense	$	(343)	$	(343)


	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
	2022 v. 2021
(Thousands)		Operating revenues		Natural gas purchases
BGSS incentives		$	19,760	$	14,838
Average BGSS rates		26,479		26,479

Firm sales		39,646		20,139
Base rate impact		6,927		—
CIP adjustments		(11,295)		—
Riders and other (1)		1,457		(1,279)
Total increase		$	82,974	$	60,177