CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report and documents incorporated by reference into ~~this report~~it may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are not historical facts but rather are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our business and industry, and our beliefs and assumptions. Words such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects,” “will,” “goal,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The inclusion of forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us that any of our plans will be achieved. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Such forward-looking information is also subject to various risks and uncertainties. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, risks arising from our providing services exclusively to the ~~health care~~healthcare industry, primarily providers of long-term care; having ~~one client which accounted for approximately 16% and another client which accounted for approximately 9%~~a significant portion of our ~~total~~ consolidated revenues ~~for~~contributed by one customer during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017;~~2019; credit and collection risks associated with ~~this~~the healthcare industry; risks associated with the ongoing Securities and Exchange Commission investigation into our earnings per share calculation practices and related litigation; our claims experience related to workers’ compensation and general liability insurance; the effects of changes in, or interpretations of laws and regulations governing the healthcare industry, our workforce and services provided, including state and local regulations pertaining to the taxability of our services and other labor-related matters such as minimum wage increases; the Company's expectations with respect to selling, general, and administrative expense; continued realization of tax benefits arising from our corporate reorganization and self-funded health insurance program; risks associated with the reorganization of our corporate structure; realization of our expectations regarding the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on our tax rates and financial results; and the risk factors described in Part I of our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, ~~2016~~2018 under “Government Regulation of Clients,” “Competition” and “Service Agreements and Collections,” ~~and~~ under Item IA. “Risk Factors” in such Form 10-K and under Item IA. "Risk Factors" in this Form 10-Q.

These factors, in addition to delays in payments from clients and/or clients in bankruptcy or clients with which we are in litigation to collect payment, have resulted in, and could continue to result in, significant additional bad debts in the near future. Additionally, our operating results would be adversely affected if unexpected increases in the costs of labor and labor-related costs, materials, supplies and equipment used in performing services (including the impact of potential tariffs) could not be passed on to our clients.

In addition, we believe that to improve our financial performance we must continue to obtain service agreements with new clients, retain and provide new services to existing clients, achieve modest price increases on current service agreements with existing clients and maintain internal cost reduction strategies at our various operational levels. Furthermore, we believe that our ability to sustain the internal development of managerial personnel is an important factor impacting future operating results and the successful execution of our projected growth strategies.

Table of Contents

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Healthcare Services Group, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
ASSETS:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	16,156	$	26,025
Marketable securities, at fair value	79,533		76,362
Accounts and notes receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $43,419 and $47,209 as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	346,765		341,838
Inventories and supplies	39,977		41,443
Prepaid expenses and other assets	26,572		22,468
Total current assets	509,003		508,136
Property and equipment, net	29,603		12,900
Goodwill	51,084		51,084
Other intangible assets, less accumulated amortization of $19,299 and $17,216 as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	24,435		26,518
Notes receivable – long–term portion, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $10,000 as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	41,956		43,043
Deferred compensation funding, at fair value	34,065		29,113
Deferred income taxes	19,985		20,552
Other noncurrent assets	—		1,257
Total assets	$	710,131	$	692,603

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	59,289	$	61,467
Accrued payroll, accrued and withheld payroll taxes	30,217		35,198
Other accrued expenses	9,500		8,890
Borrowings under line of credit	30,000		30,000
Income taxes payable	—		7,140
Accrued insurance claims	22,385		20,696
Total current liabilities	151,391		163,391
Accrued insurance claims — long-term portion	62,815		58,904
Deferred compensation liability	34,193		29,528
Lease liability - long-term portion	12,084		—
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 100,000 shares authorized; 75,519 and 75,344 shares issued, and 74,112 and 73,877 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	755		753
Additional paid-in capital	267,853		259,440
Retained earnings	188,025		190,092
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of taxes	2,365		158
Common stock in treasury, at cost, 1,407 and 1,467 shares as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	(9,350)		(9,663)
Total stockholders’ equity	449,648		440,780
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	710,131	$	692,603

September 30,
2017 December 31,
2016
(Unaudited)
ASSETS:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 11,005
$ 23,853
Marketable securities, at fair value 70,384
67,730
Accounts and notes receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $9,795 as of September 30, 2017 and $6,911 as of December 31, 2016 367,009
271,276
Inventories and supplies 41,516
37,800
Prepaid expenses and other assets 25,628
13,965
Total current assets 515,542
414,624
Property and equipment, net 13,499
13,455
Goodwill 51,084
44,438
Other intangible assets, less accumulated amortization of $11,659 as of September 30, 2017 and $14,672 as of December 31, 2016 32,075
14,409
Notes receivable — long term portion 11,495
7,531
Deferred compensation funding, at fair value 27,387
24,119
Deferred income taxes 9,196
9,822
Other noncurrent assets 1,264
48
Total Assets $ 661,542
$ 528,446

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:

Current liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 62,323
$ 42,912
Accrued payroll, accrued and withheld payroll taxes 48,786
22,303
Other accrued expenses 3,665
4,397
Borrowings under line of credit 25,000
—
Income taxes payable 10,781
7,686
Accrued insurance claims 24,827
23,573
Total current liabilities 175,382
100,871
Accrued insurance claims — long term portion 67,818
64,080
Deferred compensation liability 27,886
24,653
Commitments and contingencies

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Common stock, $.01 par value; 100,000 shares authorized; 74,791 and 74,204 shares issued, and 73,265 and 72,601 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively 748
742
Additional paid-in capital 241,008
217,664
Retained earnings 157,678
130,940
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes 844
(319 )
Common stock in treasury, at cost, 1,525 shares as of September 30, 2017 and 1,603 shares as of December 31, 2016 (9,822 ) (10,185 )
Total stockholders’ equity $ 390,456
$ 338,842
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY $ 661,542
$ 528,446

See accompanying ~~notes.~~notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

Healthcare Services Group, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenues	$	462,101	$	501,587	$	938,212	$	1,002,149
Operating costs and expenses:
Costs of services provided	400,485		436,287		827,750		905,283
Selling, general and administrative expense	38,609		34,118		79,710		67,895
Other income (expense):
Investment and other income, net	1,393		2,845		6,596		4,385
Interest expense	(783)		(711)		(1,839)		(1,435)
Income before income taxes	23,617		33,316		35,509		31,921

Income tax provision	5,431		7,502		8,167		6,035
Net income	$	18,186	$	25,814	$	27,342	$	25,886

Per share data:
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.24	$	0.35	$	0.37	$	0.35
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.24	$	0.35	$	0.37	$	0.35


Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic	74,352		73,982		74,327		73,947
Diluted	74,619		74,487		74,669		74,606

Comprehensive income:
Net income	$	18,186	$	25,814	$	27,342	$	25,886
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of taxes	791		97		2,207		(1,041)
Total comprehensive income	$	18,977	$	25,911	$	29,549	$	24,845

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016
Revenues $ 491,355
$ 392,734
$ 1,366,721
$ 1,164,097
Operating costs and expenses:
Costs of services provided 426,924
336,340
1,179,816
998,595
Selling, general and administrative expense 32,940
27,182
93,141
78,192
Other income, net:
Investment and interest 1,439
1,359
4,523
2,548
Income before income taxes 32,930
30,571
98,287
89,858
Income tax provision 9,458
10,860
30,247
32,761
Net income $ 23,472
$ 19,711
$ 68,040
$ 57,097

Per share data:
Basic earnings per common share $ 0.32
$ 0.27
$ 0.93
$ 0.79
Diluted earnings per common share $ 0.31
$ 0.27
$ 0.92
$ 0.78

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic 73,461
72,839
73,272
72,718
Diluted 74,538
73,592
74,252
73,435

Comprehensive income:
Net income $ 23,472
$ 19,711
$ 68,040
$ 57,097
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of taxes 82
(369 ) 1,163
765
Total comprehensive income $ 23,554
$ 19,342
$ 69,203
$ 57,862

See accompanying ~~notes.~~notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

Healthcare Services Group, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	27,342	$	25,886
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	6,997		4,836
Bad debt provision	21,465		39,387
Stock-based compensation expense	3,659		3,095
Deferred income tax benefit	(18)		—
Amortization of premium on marketable securities	712		653
Unrealized gain on deferred compensation fund investments	(5,041)		(1,259)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts and notes receivable	(25,305)		(26,242)
Inventories and supplies	1,305		969
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(2,847)		(2,458)
Deferred compensation funding	89		(531)
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses	(8,824)		(6,628)
Accrued payroll, accrued and withheld payroll taxes	(2,678)		(1,690)
Income taxes payable	(7,140)		(17,024)
Accrued insurance claims	5,423		6,461
Deferred compensation liability	5,200		1,940
Net cash provided by operating activities	20,339		27,395
Cash flows from investing activities:
Disposals of fixed assets	87		222
Additions to property and equipment	(2,496)		(2,572)
Purchases of marketable securities	(8,234)		(9,453)
Sales of marketable securities	7,145		5,775
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,498)		(6,028)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Dividends paid	(29,276)		(28,398)
Reissuance of treasury stock pursuant to Dividend Reinvestment Plan	46		46
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	3,099		5,755
Net repayments from short-term borrowings	—		5,123
Payments of statutory withholding on net issuance of restricted stock units	(579)		(295)
Net cash used in financing activities	(26,710)		(17,769)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(9,869)		3,598
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period	26,025		9,557
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period	$	16,156	$	13,155

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 68,040
$ 57,097
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 6,342
5,632
Bad debt provision 4,000
3,200
Deferred income tax expense —
2,748
Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax benefit from equity compensation plans⁽¹⁾
(632 ) 1,363
Amortization of premium on marketable securities 929
1,053
Unrealized gain on deferred compensation fund investments (3,351 ) (1,041 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts and notes receivable (103,697 ) (54,954 )
Inventories and supplies (997 ) (1,295 )
Prepaid expenses and other assets (11,658 ) (5,279 )
Deferred compensation funding 83
(941 )
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses (1,102 ) (6,774 )
Accrued payroll, accrued and withheld payroll taxes 28,575
22,065
Income taxes payable⁽¹⁾
7,865
7,870
Accrued insurance claims 4,992
4,870
Deferred compensation liability 3,733
2,284
Net cash provided by operating activities 3,122
37,898

Cash flows from investing activities:
Disposals of fixed assets 264
177
Additions to property and equipment (3,962 ) (3,908 )
Purchases of marketable securities (22,149 ) (18,751 )
Sales of marketable securities 20,354
8,137
Cash paid for acquisition (4,584 ) —
Net cash used in investing activities (10,077 ) (14,345 )

Cash flows from financing activities:
Dividends paid (41,302 ) (39,849 )
Reissuance of treasury stock pursuant to Dividend Reinvestment Plan 71
84
Tax benefit from equity compensation plans ⁽¹⁾
—
1,750
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options 10,338
5,600
Net proceeds from short-term borrowings 25,000
—
Net cash used in financing activities (5,893 ) (32,415 )

Net change in cash and cash equivalents (12,848 ) (8,862 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period 23,853
33,189
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period $ 11,005
$ 24,327

⁽¹⁾~~The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-09 prospectively, and as such the amounts reflected for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 have not been adjusted.~~

See accompanying ~~notes.~~notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

Healthcare Services Group, Inc.

Consolidated ~~Statement~~Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in ~~thousands, except per share amounts)~~thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Common Stock					Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, net of taxes		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance, December 31, 2018	75,344	$	753	$	259,440	$	158	$	190,092	$	(9,663)	$	440,780
Comprehensive income:
Net income for the period	—	—		—		—		9,156		—		9,156
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of taxes	—	—		—		1,416		—		—		1,416
Comprehensive income for the period												$	10,572
Exercise of stock options and other stock-based compensation, net of shares tendered for payment	115	2		1,911		—		—		—		1,913
Payment of statutory withholding on issuance of restricted stock and restricted stock units	—	—		(579)		—		—		—		(579)
Share-based compensation expense — stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units	—	—		1,656		—		—		—		1,656
Treasury shares issued for Deferred Compensation Plan funding and redemptions	—	—		535		—		—		1		536
Shares issued pursuant to Employee Stock Plan	—	—		1,781		—		—		349		2,130
Dividends paid and accrued	—	—		—		—		(14,656)		—		(14,656)
Shares issued pursuant to Dividend Reinvestment Plan	—	—		18		—		—		5		23
Other	6	—		174		—		—		—		174
Balance, March 31, 2019	75,465	$	755	$	264,936	$	1,574	$	184,592	$	(9,308)	$	442,549
Comprehensive income:
Net income for the period	—	—		—		—		18,186		—		18,186
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of taxes	—	—		—		791		—		—		791
Comprehensive income for the period												$	18,977
Exercise of stock options and other stock-based compensation, net of shares tendered for payment	54	—		1,186		—		—		—		1,186
Share-based compensation expense — stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units	—	—		1,668		—		—		—		1,668
Treasury shares issued for Deferred Compensation Plan funding and redemptions	—	—		45		—		—		(47)		(2)
Dividends paid and accrued	—	—		—		—		(14,753)		—		(14,753)
Shares issued pursuant to Dividend Reinvestment Plan	—	—		18		—		—		5		23
Balance, June 30, 2019	75,519	$	755	$	267,853	$	2,365	$	188,025	$	(9,350)	$	449,648

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of taxes Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Stockholders’ Equity
Shares Amount
Balance — December 31, 2016 74,204
$ 742
$ 217,664
$ (319 ) $ 130,940
$ (10,185 ) $ 338,842
Comprehensive income:

Net income for the period

68,040

68,040
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of taxes

1,163

1,163
Comprehensive income

69,203
Exercise of stock options and other stock-based compensation, net of shares tendered for payment 528
5
10,333

10,338
Share-based compensation expense — stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units

3,773

3,773
Treasury shares issued for Deferred Compensation Plan funding and redemptions

487

14
501
Shares issued pursuant to Employee Stock Plan

1,752

339
2,091
Cash dividends

(41,302 )
(41,302 )
Shares issued pursuant to Dividend Reinvestment Plans

61

10
71
Shares issued pursuant to acquisition 59
1
2,500

2,501
Contingent shares issuable pursuant to acquisition

4,438

4,438
Balance — September 30, 2017 74,791
$ 748
$ 241,008
$ 844
$ 157,678
$ (9,822 ) $ 390,456

See accompanying ~~notes.~~notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents


	Common Stock					Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, net of taxes		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance, December 31, 2017	74,960	$	750	$	244,363	$	837	$	163,860	$	(9,858)	$	399,952
Comprehensive income:
Net income for the period	—	—		—		—		72		—		72
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of taxes	—	—		—		(1,138)		—		—		(1,138)
Comprehensive loss for the period												$	(1,066)
Exercise of stock options and other stock-based compensation, net of shares tendered for payment	205	2		5,003		—		—		—		5,005
Payment of statutory withholding on issuance of restricted stock and restricted stock units	—	—		(295)		—		—		—		(295)
Share-based compensation expense — stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units	—	—		1,408		—		—		—		1,408
Treasury shares issued for Deferred Compensation Plan funding and redemptions	—	—		514		—		—		(34)		480
Shares issued pursuant to Employee Stock Plan	—	—		2,474		—		—		346		2,820
Dividends paid and accrued	—	—		—		—		(14,189)		—		(14,189)
Shares issued pursuant to Dividend Reinvestment Plan	—	—		20		—		—		4		24
Other	4	—		205		—		—		—		205
Balance, March 31, 2018	75,169	$	752	$	253,692	$	(301)	$	149,743	$	(9,542)	$	394,344
Comprehensive income:
Net income for the period	—	—		—		—		25,814		—		25,814
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of taxes	—	—		—		97		—		—		97
Comprehensive income for the period												$	25,911
Exercise of stock options and other stock-based compensation, net of shares tendered for payment	31	—		750		—		—		—		750
Share-based compensation expense — stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units	—	—		1,398		—		—		—		1,398
Treasury shares issued for Deferred Compensation Plan funding and redemptions	—	—		35		—		—		(38)		(3)
Dividends paid and accrued	—	—		—		—		(14,288)		—		(14,288)
Shares issued pursuant to Dividend Reinvestment Plan	—	—		19		—		—		3		22
Balance, June 30, 2018	75,200	$	752	$	255,894	$	(204)	$	161,269	$	(9,577)	$	408,134

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

Healthcare Services Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1—Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

Healthcare Services Group, Inc. (the “Company”) provides management, administrative and operating expertise and services to the housekeeping, laundry, linen, facility maintenance and dietary service departments of the ~~health care~~healthcare industry, including nursing homes, retirement complexes, rehabilitation centers and hospitals located throughout the United States. Although the Company does not directly participate in any government reimbursement programs, the Company’s clients receive government reimbursements related to Medicare and Medicaid. Therefore, they are directly affected by any legislation relating to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement programs.

The Company provides services primarily pursuant to full service agreements with its clients. In such agreements, the Company is responsible for the day-to-day management of employees located at the clients’ facilities. The Company also provides services on the basis of management-only agreements for a limited number of clients. The agreements with clients typically provide for renewable one year service terms, ~~cancelable~~cancellable by either party upon 30 to 90 days’ notice after ~~the~~an initial period of 60 to 120 ~~day period.~~days.

The Company is organized into two reportable segments: housekeeping, laundry, linen and other services (“Housekeeping”), and dietary department services (“Dietary”).

Housekeeping consists of managing the clients’ housekeeping departments, which are principally responsible for the cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing of resident rooms and common areas of a client’s facility, as well as the laundering and processing of the bed linens, uniforms, resident personal clothing and other assorted linen items utilized at a client facility.

Dietary consists of managing the clients’ dietary departments, which are principally responsible for food purchasing, meal preparation and dietitian professional services, which includes the development of menus that meet residents’ dietary needs.

Unaudited Interim Financial Data

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and the requirements of Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows. However, in the Company’s opinion, all adjustments which are of a normal recurring nature and are necessary for a fair presentation have been reflected in these consolidated financial statements. The balance sheet shown in this report as of December 31, ~~2016~~2018 has been derived from ~~and does not include, all of~~ the ~~disclosures contained in the~~audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~2018. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~2018. The results of operations for the ~~three and nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

~~Certain amounts in the prior year financial statements have been reclassified to conform to current presentation.~~

~~Principles of Consolidation~~

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Healthcare Services Group, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

~~Cash and Cash Equivalents~~

Cash and cash equivalents are held in U.S. financial institutions or in custodial accounts with U.S. financial institutions. Cash equivalents are defined as short-term, highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase, that are readily convertible into cash and have insignificant interest rate risk.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~Inventories and Supplies~~

Inventories and supplies include housekeeping, linen and laundry supplies, as well as food provisions and supplies. Inventories and supplies are stated at cost to approximate a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. Linen supplies are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life of 24 months.

~~Revenue Recognition~~

Revenues from the Company’s service agreements with clients are recognized as services are performed. Revenues are reported net of sales taxes that are collected from customers and remitted to taxing authorities.

~~Income Taxes~~

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, income tax expense is recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current period. The Company accrues for probable tax obligations as required by facts and circumstances in various regulatory environments. In addition, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. When appropriate, valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts for which realization is more likely than not.

~~Uncertain income tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns are reflected within the Company’s financial statements based on a recognition and measurement process.~~

~~Earnings per Common Share~~

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and dilutive common shares, such as those issuable upon exercise of stock options and upon the vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock units.

~~Share-Based Compensation~~

The Company estimates the fair value of share-based awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model for stock options and using the share price on the date of grant for restricted stock and restricted stock units. The value of the award is recognized ratably as an expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income over the requisite service periods, with adjustments made for forfeitures as they occur.

Use of Estimates in Financial Statements

In preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, estimates and assumptions are made that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates are used in determining, but are not limited to, the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts, accrued insurance claims, valuations, deferred taxes and reviews for potential impairment. The estimates are based upon various factors including current and historical trends, as well as other pertinent industry and regulatory authority information. Management regularly evaluates this information to determine if it is necessary to update the basis for its estimates and to adjust for known changes.

Principles of Consolidation

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Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are held in U.S. financial institutions or in custodial accounts with U.S. financial institutions. Cash equivalents are defined as short-term, highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at time of purchase that are readily convertible into cash and have insignificant interest rate risk.

Accounts and Notes Receivable

Accounts and notes receivable consist of Housekeeping and Dietary segment receivables from contracts with customers. Accounts receivable initially are recorded at the transaction amount, and are recorded after the Company has an unconditional right to payment where only the passage of time is required before payment is received. Each reporting period, the Company evaluates the collectability of outstanding receivable balances and records an allowance for doubtful accounts representing an estimate of probable losses. Additions to the allowance for doubtful accounts are made by recording a charge to bad debt expense reported in costs of services provided.

Notes receivable are initially recorded when accounts receivable are transferred into a promissory note. Notes receivable are recorded as an alternative to accounts receivable to memorialize an unqualified promise to pay a specific sum, typically with interest, in accordance with a defined payment schedule.

Refer to Note 3—Accounts and Notes Receivable herein for further information.

Inventories and Supplies

Inventories and supplies include housekeeping, linen and laundry supplies, as well as food provisions and supplies. Non-linen inventories and supplies are stated at cost to approximate a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. Linen supplies are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life of 24 months.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from service agreements with customers when or as the promised goods and services are provided to customers. Revenues are reported net of sales taxes that are collected from customers and remitted to taxing authorities.

The guidance under the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification subtopic 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606") became effective and was adopted by the Company as of January 1, 2018 by applying the modified retrospective method for contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. The standard requires the Company to recognize revenue as the promised goods and services within the terms of the Company’s contracts are performed and satisfied. The amount of revenue recognized by the Company is based on the consideration to which the Company is entitled in exchange for providing the contracted goods and services. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's accounting for revenue earned relating to the Housekeeping and Dietary segments. The Company also did not recognize an opening adjustment to retained earnings as a result of the adoption of the standard. Refer to Note 2—Revenue herein for further information.

Leases

The guidance under FASB Accounting Standards Codification subtopic ASC 842 Leases (“ASC 842”) became effective and was adopted by the Company as of January 1, 2019, by applying a modified retrospective transition approach which resulted in the capitalization of the Company's existing operating leases as of January 1, 2019. As such, the Company records assets and liabilities on the balance sheet to recognize the rights and obligations arising from leasing arrangements with contractual terms greater than 12 months, as permitted by U.S. GAAP. A leasing arrangement includes any contract which entitles the Company to the right of use of an identified tangible asset where there are no restrictions as to the direct of use of the asset, and the Company obtains substantially all of the economic benefits from the right of use. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company was only the lessee of operating lease arrangements.

The Company did not recognize an opening adjustment to retained earnings as a result of the adoption of ASC 842, and prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previous guidance.

Refer to Note 7—Leases herein for further information.

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Income Taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, income tax expense or benefits are recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current period. The Company accrues for probable tax obligations as required, based on facts and circumstances in various regulatory environments. In addition, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. When appropriate, valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts for which realization is more likely than not.

Uncertain income tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns are reflected within the Company’s financial statements based on a recognition and measurement process.

Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and dilutive common shares, such as those issuable upon exercise of stock options and upon the vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock units.

Share-Based Compensation

Identifiable Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Identifiable intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective lives. Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets of acquired businesses. Management reviews the carrying value of goodwill annually during the fourth quarter to assess for impairment, or more often if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may exceed its estimated fair value. No impairment loss was recognized on the Company’s intangible assets or goodwill during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

Reclassification

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation. The Company has modified its presentation of interest expense, which is now presented separately in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Correction of Immaterial Errors

During 2019, the Company updated its presentation of the tax benefit from equity compensation plans in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The tax benefit from equity compensation plans is now reflected as a component of the change in income taxes payable, as opposed to an offset to stock-based compensation expense. There was no impact to the Company's net cash provided by operating activities as a result of the correction in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Additionally, the Company updated its presentation of the income and costs associated with the Company's wholly-owned captive insurance company. Historically, such income and costs were reflected in the Company's revenues and costs of services provided within the Housekeeping segment. Such income and costs are now presented in "Investment and other income, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and for segment reporting purposes, those amounts are reflected in Corporate and eliminations. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 revenues have been revised to reflect such changes in the amounts of $2.1 million and $3.4 million, respectively. For the same periods, costs of services have been revised to reflect such changes in the amounts of $1.3 million and $2.2 million, respectively. These amounts for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income resulted in a corresponding increase of $0.8 million and $1.2 million to Investment and other income, net, respectively. There was no impact to the Company's net income as a result of the historical errors or the corrections.

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Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company's financial instruments that are subject to ~~concentrations of~~ credit risk are cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, deferred compensation funding and accounts and notes receivable. ~~The Company’s marketable securities are fixed income investments which are highly liquid and can be readily purchased or sold through established markets.~~ At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and December 31, ~~2016,~~2018, substantially all of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities were held in one large financial institution located in the United States. The Company’s marketable securities are fixed income investments which are highly liquid and can be readily purchased or sold through established markets.

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programs in which the clients participate. ~~The~~As a result, the Company may not realize the full ~~effect~~effects of ~~any~~ such programs ~~would not be realized~~ until these laws are fully implemented and governmental agencies issue applicable regulations or guidance.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In ~~March~~June 2016, ~~the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-09,~~ ~~Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.~~ ASU 2016-09 is intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payments. The Company adopted the standard beginning January 1, 2017. The impact of adopting the standard includes the recognition of excess tax benefits related to share-based payments as a component of income tax expense, as opposed to additional paid-in capital; an amendment to the calculation of diluted earnings per share to exclude windfall tax benefits from assumed proceeds when calculating diluted shares outstanding; as well as accounting for forfeitures of share-based awards as they occur, as opposed to reserving for estimated forfeitures.

~~In January 2017,~~ the FASB issued ASU ~~2017-01,~~ ~~Business Combinations: Clarifying~~No. 2016-13, Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments and also issued subsequent amendments to the ~~Definition of a Business~~initial guidance: ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04, and ASU 2019-05 (collectively, "ASC 326"). The standard significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets, including accounts and notes receivables. The standard will replace today’s “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model, under which companies will recognize allowances based on expected rather than incurred losses. Entities will apply the standard’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance ~~changes the definition of a business to assist entities in evaluating whether a set of transferred assets and activities constitutes a business under Topic 805.~~is effective. The ~~guidance~~standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, ~~2017, with early adoption permitted.~~2019. The Company ~~plans~~is currently assessing the impact of adopting this standard on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosures.

Note 2—Revenue

The Company presents its consolidated revenues disaggregated by reportable segment, as Management evaluates the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of the Company’s revenues by segment. Refer to ~~adopt the standard effective January 1, 2018.~~

~~In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09,~~ ~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which was subsequently amended and updated throughout 2015 and 2016. The standard provides guidance on revenue recognition, among other topics such~~Note 13—Segment Information herein as well as the ~~accounting~~information below regarding the Company’s reportable segments.

Housekeeping

Housekeeping accounted for ~~compensation~~$462.0 million and ~~costs~~$488.6 million of the Company’s consolidated revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which represented approximately 49.2% and 48.8% of the Company's revenues in each respective period. The services provided under this segment include managing clients’ housekeeping departments, which are principally responsible for the cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing of resident rooms and common areas of the clients’ facilities, as well as the laundering and processing of the bed linens, uniforms, resident personal clothing and other assorted linen items utilized at the clients’ facilities. Upon beginning service with a client facility, the Company typically hires and trains the employees previously employed by such facility and assigns an on-site manager to ~~obtain~~supervise and train the front-line personnel and coordinates housekeeping services with other facility support functions in accordance with client requests. Such management personnel also oversee the execution of various cost and quality control procedures including continuous training and employee evaluation, and on-site testing for infection control.

Dietary

Dietary services accounted for $476.2 million and $513.6 million of the Company’s consolidated revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which represented approximately 50.8% and 51.2% of the Company's revenues in each respective period. Dietary services consist of managing clients’ dietary departments which are principally responsible for food purchasing, meal preparation and professional dietitian services, which include the development of menus that meet the dietary needs of residents. On-site management is responsible for all daily dietary department activities, with regular support being provided by a ~~contract.~~District Manager specializing in dietary services, as well as a registered dietitian. The ~~standard requires that~~Company also offers clinical consulting services to facilities which if contracted is a service bundled within the monthly service provided to clients. Upon beginning service with a client facility, the Company typically hires and trains the employees previously employed by such facility and assigns an ~~entity recognize~~on-site manager to supervise and train the front-line personnel and coordinates dietitian services with other facility support functions in accordance with client requests. Such management personnel also oversee the execution of various cost and quality control procedures including continuous training and employee evaluation.

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Revenue Recognition

All of the Company's revenues are derived from contracts with customers. The Company accounts for revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with ASC 606, and as such, the Company recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods orand services to customers in ~~an amount~~amounts that ~~reflects~~reflect the consideration to which the ~~entity expects to be~~Company is entitled in exchange for those goods orand services. ~~Adoption is required for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption prohibited.~~ The Company’s costs of obtaining contracts are not material.

The Company ~~plans~~performs services and provides goods in accordance with its service agreement contracts with its customers. Such service agreement contracts typically provide for a renewable one year service term, cancellable by either party upon 30 to ~~adopt~~90 days' notice, after an initial period of 60 to 120 days. A performance obligation is the ~~standard beginning on January 1, 2018 utilizing the modified retrospective method. The Company has evaluated the impact~~unit of ~~the adoption of this ASU by reviewing the nature~~account under ASC 606 and ~~terms of existing contracts under the provisions of the new guidance and designing operational and process updates required for ongoing compliance. Management does not expect~~is defined as a ~~material impact~~promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the ~~Company's accounting for the revenue earned related to its~~customer. The Company’s Housekeeping and Dietary ~~department services. Management anticipates that the most significant impact of the new standard will relate to additional disclosure obligations.~~

~~In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02,~~ ~~Leases~~. ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities on their balance sheet related to the rights and obligations created by most leases, while continuing to recognize expenses on their income statements over the lease term. It will also require disclosures designed to give financial statement users information regarding the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. The Company will adopt the new guidance as of January 1, 2019. Management is continuing to evaluate the expected impact of the requirements, however it is expected that the primary impact willcontracts relate to the ~~capitalization~~provision of ~~operating leases~~bundles of ~~office space, vehicles~~goods, services or both, which represent a series of distinct goods and ~~equipment.~~services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. The Company accounts for the series as a single performance obligation satisfied over time, as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the goods and services provided. Revenue is recognized using the output method, which is based upon the delivery of goods and services to the clients’ facilities. In limited cases, the Company provides goods, services or both, before the execution of a written contract. In these cases, the Company defers the recognition of revenue until a contract is executed. The amount of such deferred revenue was not material as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Additionally, all such revenue amounts deferred as of December 31, 2018 were subsequently recognized as revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2019.

The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company is entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to its customers. The transaction price does not include taxes assessed or collected. The Company’s service agreement contracts detail the fees that the Company charges for the goods and services it provides. For certain service agreement contracts which contain a variable component to the transaction price, the Company is required to make estimates of the amount of consideration to which the Company will be entitled, based on variability in resident and patient populations serviced, product usage or quantities consumed. The Company recognizes revenue related to such estimates only when the Company determines that there will not be a significant reversal in the amount of revenue recognized. The Company’s service agreement contracts generally do not contain significant financing components, as the service agreement contracts contain payment terms that are less than one year.

The Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation, noting that the bundle of goods, services or goods and services provided under each Housekeeping and Dietary contract represents a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time. The Company recognizes the related revenue when it satisfies the performance obligation by transferring a bundle of promised goods, services or both to a customer. Such recognition is on a monthly or weekly basis, as goods are provided and services are performed. In some cases, the Company requires customers to pay in advance for goods and services to be provided. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the value of the contract liabilities associated with customer prepayments was not material. Additionally, all such revenue amounts deferred as of December 31, 2018 were subsequently recognized as revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations

The Company recognizes revenue as it satisfies the performance obligations associated with contracts with customers, which due to the nature of the goods and services provided by the Company, are satisfied over time. Contract's may contain transaction prices that are fixed, variable or both. The significant majority of the Company’s contracts with customers have an initial term of one year or less, with renewable one year service terms, cancellable by either party upon 30 to 90 days' notice after an initial period of 60 to 120 days.

At June 30, 2019, the Company had $818.6 million related to performance obligations that were unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied for which the Company expects to recognize revenue. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately 21.4% of the remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months, with the remaining to be recognized thereafter. These amounts exclude variable consideration primarily related to performance obligations that consists of a series of distinct service periods with revenues based on future performance that cannot be estimated at contract inception. The Company also has elected to apply the practical expedient that permits exclusion of information about the remaining performance obligations with original expected durations of one year or less.

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Note 2—3—Accounts and Notes Receivable

The Company’s accounts and notes receivable balances consisted of the following as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:


	June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
Short-term
Accounts and notes receivable	$	390,184	$	389,047
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(43,419)		(47,209)
Total net short-term accounts and notes receivable	$	346,765	$	341,838
Long-term
Notes receivable	$	51,956	$	53,043
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(10,000)		(10,000)
Total net long-term notes receivable	$	41,956	$	43,043
Total net accounts and notes receivable	$	388,721	$	384,881

The Company makes credit decisions on a case-by-case basis after reviewing a number of qualitative and quantitative factors related to the specific client as well as current industry variables that may impact that client. There are a variety of factors that impact a client’s ability to pay in accordance with the Company’s service agreements. These factors include, but are not limited to, fluctuating census numbers, litigation costs and the client’s participation in programs funded by federal and state governmental agencies. Deviations in the timing or amounts of reimbursements under those programs can impact the client’s cash flows and their ability to make timely payments. However, the client's obligation to pay the Company in accordance with the service agreements are not contingent upon the client’s cash flows. Notwithstanding the Company’s efforts to minimize its credit risk exposure, the aforementioned factors, as well as other factors that impact client cash flows or ability to make timely payments, could have an indirect, yet material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

The Company’s net current accounts and notes receivable balance increased from December 31, 2018. Fluctuations in net accounts and notes receivable are generally attributable to a variety of factors including, but not limited to, the timing of cash receipts from customers and the inception, transition or termination of client relationships. The Company deploys significant resources and has invested in tools and processes to optimize Management’s credit and collections efforts. When appropriate, the Company utilizes interest-bearing promissory notes as an alternative to accounts receivable to enhance the collectability of amounts due, by instituting definitive repayment plans and providing a means by which to further evidence the amounts owed. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company's promissory notes outstanding were $57.6 million and $63.3 million, respectively, net of reserves of $15.9 million and $13.5 million, respectively. In addition, the Company may assist clients who are adjusting to changes in their cash flows by amending the Company’s agreements from full-service to management-only arrangements, or by modifying contractual payment terms to accommodate clients who have in good faith established clearly-defined plans for addressing cash flow issues. These efforts are intended to minimize the Company’s collections risk.

Note 4—Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The allowance for doubtful accounts is established when the Company determines that it is probable that receivables have been impaired and the Company can reasonably estimate the amount of the losses. The related provision for bad debts is charged to costs of services provided in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The allowance for doubtful accounts is evaluated based on the Company’s ongoing review of accounts and notes receivable and is inherently subjective as it requires estimates susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

The Company has had varying collections experience with respect to its accounts and notes receivable. The Company has sometimes extended the period of payment for certain clients beyond contractual terms. In order to provide for such collection issues and the general risk associated with the granting of credit terms, the Company recorded bad debt provisions (in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts) of $21.5 million and $39.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

In making the credit evaluations, in addition to analyzing and anticipating, where possible, the specific cases described above, Management considers the general collection risk associated with trends in the long-term care industry. The Company establishes credit limits, performs ongoing credit evaluations and monitors accounts to minimize the risk of loss. Despite the Company’s efforts to minimize credit risk exposure, clients could be adversely affected if future industry trends change in such

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a manner as to negatively impact their cash flows. If the Company’s clients experience a negative impact on their cash flows, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

Note 5—Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income by Component

Accumulated other comprehensive income consists of unrealized gains and losses from the Company’s available-for-sale marketable securities. The following table provides a summary of the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016:~~2018:


	Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available-for-Sale Securities¹
	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Accumulated other comprehensive income — beginning balance	$	158	$	837
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	2,286		(1,167)
(Gains) losses reclassified from other comprehensive income²	(79)		126
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)³	2,207		(1,041)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — ending balance	$	2,365	$	(204)

Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available-for-Sale Securities⁽¹⁾
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 2016
(in thousands)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — beginning balance $ (319 ) $ 543
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 1,162
909
Losses (gains) reclassified from other comprehensive income 1
(144 )
Net current period other comprehensive income⁽²⁾
1,163
765
Accumulated other comprehensive income — ending balance $ 844
$ 1,308
1.All amounts are net of tax


⁽¹⁾	~~All amounts are net of tax.~~


⁽²⁾	~~For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, these changes in other comprehensive income were net of tax effects of $0.6 million and $0.4 million respectively.~~

~~Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) represent realized gains or losses on the sale of the Company’s available-for-sale securities.~~ 2.Realized gains and losses ~~are~~were recorded pre-tax ~~within “Other income - Investment~~under “Investment and ~~interest”~~other income” in ~~the~~our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded $0.1 million of realized gains from the sale of available-for-sale securities. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded $0.2 million of realized losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities. Refer to Note ~~5 -~~ 9—Fair Value Measurements herein for further information. ~~The table below shows~~

3.For the ~~reclassification adjustments out of accumulated~~six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the changes in other comprehensive income (loss) ~~for the~~ ~~three~~were net of a tax expense of $0.6 million and ~~nine~~ ~~months ended~~ ~~September 30, 2017~~ ~~and~~ ~~2016~~:a benefit of $0.3 million, respectively.


								Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
	Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income							2019		2018
	2017			2016				(in thousands)
	(in thousands)
Three Months Ended September 30,
Three Months Ended June 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,
Gains (losses) from the sale of available-for-sale securities	$	171		$	(17	)	Gains (losses) from the sale of available-for-sale securities	$	99	$	(67)
Tax expense (benefit)	$	(54	)	$	8
Tax (expense) benefit							Tax (expense) benefit	(23)		11
Net gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	$	117		$	(9	)	Net gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	$	76	$	(56)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,							Six Months Ended June 30,
Gains (losses) from the sale of available-for-sale securities	$	(2	)	$	226		Gains (losses) from the sale of available-for-sale securities	$	103	$	(156)
Tax expense (benefit)	$	1		$	(82	)
Tax (expense) benefit							Tax (expense) benefit	(24)		30
Net gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	$	(1	)	$	144		Net gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	$	79	$	(126)

Note 3—6—Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is recorded over the estimated useful life of each class of depreciable asset, and is computed using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated asset life or term of the lease. Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred.

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The following table sets forth the amounts of property and equipment by each class of depreciable asset as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and December 31, ~~2016:~~2018:


	June 30, 2019 ¹		December 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
Housekeeping and Dietary equipment	$	23,865	$	22,596
Computer hardware and software	12,484		12,114
Operating lease - right-of-use assets¹	19,016		—
Other²	1,679		920
Total property and equipment, at cost	57,044		35,630
Less accumulated depreciation	27,441		22,730
Total property and equipment, net	$	29,603	$	12,900

September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
(in thousands)
Housekeeping and Dietary equipment $ 22,057
$ 21,136
Computer hardware and software 12,381
11,750
Other ⁽¹⁾
988
1,133
Total property and equipment, at cost 35,426
34,019
Less accumulated depreciation 21,927
20,564
Total property and equipment, net $ 13,499
$ 13,455
1.Upon the adoption of ASC 842 the Company recognized right-of-use assets pertaining to leases in Property and Equipment, net. Prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previous guidance.

2.Includes furniture and fixtures, leasehold improvements and autos and trucks including auto leases.


⁽¹⁾	~~Includes furniture and fixtures, leasehold improvements and autos and trucks.~~

Depreciation expense for ~~each of~~ the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 was ~~$1.1 million.~~$2.3 million and $1.3 million, respectively. Depreciation expense for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 was ~~$3.7~~$4.8 million and ~~$3.5~~$2.6 million, respectively. Of the depreciation expense recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, $1.0 million and $2.2 million related to the depreciation of the Company's operating lease - right-of-use assets, respectively.

Note ~~4—Goodwill~~7—Leases

The Company recognizes right-of-use assets (“ROU Assets”) and lease liabilities (“Lease Liabilities”) for automobiles, office buildings, IT equipment, and small storage units for the temporary storage of operational equipment. The Company's leases have remaining lease terms ranging from less than 1 year to 10 years, and have extension options ranging from 1 year to 5 years. Most leases include the option to terminate the lease within 1 year.

Upon adopting ASC 842, the Company made accounting policy elections using practical expedients offered under the guidance to combine lease and non-lease components within leasing arrangements and to recognize the payments associated with short-term leases in earnings on a straight-line basis over the lease term, with the cost associated with variable lease payments recognized when incurred. These accounting policy elections impact the value of the Company’s ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities. The value of the Company’s ROU Assets is determined as the non-depreciated fair value of its leasing arrangements and is recorded to Property and Equipment, net on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet. The value of the Company’s Lease Liabilities is the present value of fixed lease payments not yet paid, discounted using either the rate implicit in the lease contract if that rate can be determined, or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate ("IBR") and is recorded in Other accrued expenses and Lease liabilities - long-term portion on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet. Any future lease payments that are not fixed based on the terms of the lease contract, or fluctuate based on a factor other than an index or rate, are considered variable lease payments and are not included in the value of the Company's ROU Assets or Lease Liabilities. The Company's IBR is determined as the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.

Components of lease expense required by ASC 842 are presented below for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019.


	Three Months Ended June 30,	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019	2019
	(in thousands)
Lease cost¹
Operating lease cost	1,016	2,230
Short-term lease cost	340	561
Variable lease cost	131	284
Total lease cost	1,487	3,075

1.ASC 842 was adopted as of January 1, 2019. As such, prior period numbers remain unadjusted and in accordance with prior U.S. GAAP. Lease expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was $1.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively.

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Supplemental information required by ASC 842 is presented below for the six months ended June 30, 2019.


	June 30, 2019
	(amounts in thousands)
Other information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	2,702
Weighted-average remaining lease term — operating leases	6.9 years
Weighted-average discount rate — operating leases	4.9		%

During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company's ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities were both reduced by less than $0.1 million due to lease cancellations which are accounted for as noncash transactions. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company's ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities were both reduced by $0.1 million due to lease cancellations.

The following is a schedule by calendar year of future minimum lease payments under operating leases that have remaining terms as of June 30, 2019:


Period/Year	Operating Leases
	(in thousands)
July 1 to December 31, 2019	$	2,463
2020	4,579
2021	2,778
2022	1,598
2023	1,258
2024	1,285
Thereafter	5,514
Total minimum lease payments	$	19,475

Note 8—Other Intangible Assets

~~Goodwill~~

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets of an acquired business. Goodwill is not amortized, but is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise.

Goodwill by reportable operating segment, as described in Note 10 - Segment Information, was approximately $42.4 million and $8.7 million for Housekeeping and Dietary, respectively, as of September 30, 2017. At December 31, 2016, goodwill by reportable operating segment was $42.3 million and $2.1 million for Housekeeping and Dietary, respectively. The increase in goodwill is related to the acquisition of certain Dietary-related assets during 2017.

~~Intangible Assets~~

The Company’s other intangible assets consist of customer relationships which were obtained through acquisitions and are recorded at their fair values at the date of acquisition. Intangible assets with determinable lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The customer relationships have a weighted-average amortization period of ~~9.9~~approximately 10 years. As of September 30, 2017, certain customer relationship intangible assets were fully amortized and the respective balances were written off. The increase from year-end is related to the acquisition of certain Dietary-related assets during 2017.

The following table sets forth the estimated amortization expense for intangibles subject to amortization for the remainder of ~~2017,~~2019, the following five fiscal years and thereafter:


Period/Year	Total Amortization Expense		Period/Year	Total Amortization Expense
	(in thousands)			(in thousands)
October 1 to December 31, 2017	$	1,116
2018	$	4,363
2019	$	4,165
July 1 to December 31, 2019			July 1 to December 31, 2019	$	2,083
2020	$	4,165	2020	$	4,165
2021	$	4,165	2021	$	4,165
2022	$	4,165	2022	$	4,165
2023			2023	$	3,168
2024			2024	$	2,035
Thereafter	$	9,858	Thereafter	$	4,654

Amortization expense for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 was $1.0 million and ~~$0.6~~$1.1 million, respectively. Amortization expense for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 was ~~$2.7~~$2.1 million and ~~$2.1~~$2.2 million, respectively.

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Note 5—9—Fair Value Measurements

The Company’s current assets ~~(other than marketable securities and inventories)~~ and current liabilities are financial instruments and most of these items (other than marketable securities and inventories) are recorded at cost in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The estimated fair value of these financial instruments approximates their carrying value due to their short-term nature. The carrying value of the Company’s line of credit represents the outstanding amount of the borrowings, which approximates fair value. The Company’s financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis are its marketable securities and deferred compensation funding. The recorded values of all of the financial instruments approximate their current fair values because of their nature, stated interest rates and respective maturity dates or durations.

The Company’s marketable securities consist of tax-exempt municipal bonds, which are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses associated with these investments are included in other comprehensive income (net of tax) within the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The fair value of these marketable securities is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, as these securities are measured using quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable. Such valuations are determined by a third-party pricing service. For the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, the Company recorded unrealized gains of ~~$82 thousand~~$0.8 million and ~~unrealized losses of $0.4~~$0.1 million on marketable securities, respectively. For the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, the Company recorded unrealized gains of ~~$1.2~~$2.2 million and ~~$0.8~~unrealized losses of $1.0 million on marketable securities, respectively.

For the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, the Company received total proceeds, less the amount of interest received, of ~~$5.7~~$3.6 million and ~~$3.0~~$3.3 million, respectively, from sales of available-for-sale municipal bonds. For the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2019 and 2018, these sales resulted in realized gains of ~~$171 thousand~~$0.1 million and realized losses of $0.1 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company received total proceeds, less the amount of interest received, of $7.1 million and $5.8 million, respectively, from sales of available-for-sale municipal bonds. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, these sales resulted in realized gains of $0.1 million and realized losses of $0.2 million, respectively, which were recorded in “Other income ~~net~~ – Investment and ~~interest”~~other income, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The basis for the sale of these securities was the specific identification of each bond sold during the period. ~~For the three months ended September 30, 2016, there were $17 thousand in realized losses.~~

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company received total proceeds, less the amount of interest received, of $20.2 million and $8.1 million, respectively, from sales of available-for-sale municipal bonds. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, these sales resulted in realized losses of $2 thousand which were recorded in “Other income, net – Investment and interest” in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The basis for the sale of these securities was the specific identification of each bond sold during the period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, there were $226 thousand in realized gains.

The investments under the funded deferred compensation plan are accounted for as trading securities and unrealized gains or losses are included in earnings. The fair value of these investments are determined based on quoted market prices (Level 1). For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company's recognized unrealized gains related to equity securities still held at the reporting date of $1.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company's recognized unrealized gains related to equity securities still held at the reporting date of $5.0 million and $1.3 million, respectively.

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The following tables provide fair value measurement information for the Company’s marketable securities and deferred compensation fund investments as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and December 31, ~~2016:~~2018:


	As of June 30, 2019
					Fair Value Measurement Using:
	Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
Financial Assets:
Marketable securities
Municipal bonds — available-for-sale	$	79,533	$	79,533	$	—	$	79,533	$	—

Deferred compensation fund
Money Market ¹	$	2,438	$	2,438	$	—	$	2,438	$	—
Balanced and Lifestyle	9,373		9,373		9,373		—		—
Large Cap Growth	10,506		10,506		10,506		—		—
Small Cap Growth	3,756		3,756		3,756		—		—
Fixed Income	3,662		3,662		3,662		—		—
International	1,741		1,741		1,741		—		—
Mid Cap Growth	2,589		2,589		2,589		—		—
Deferred compensation fund	$	34,065	$	34,065	$	31,627	$	2,438	$	—


	As of December 31, 2018
					Fair Value Measurement Using:
	Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
Financial Assets:
Marketable securities
Municipal bonds — available-for-sale	$	76,362	$	76,362	$	—	$	76,362	$	—

Deferred compensation fund
Money Market ¹	$	2,529	$	2,529	$	—	$	2,529	$	—
Balanced and Lifestyle	8,265		8,265		8,265		—		—
Large Cap Growth	8,195		8,195		8,195		—		—
Small Cap Growth	3,217		3,217		3,217		—		—
Fixed Income	3,432		3,432		3,432		—		—
International	1,485		1,485		1,485		—		—
Mid Cap Growth	1,990		1,990		1,990		—		—
Deferred compensation fund	$	29,113	$	29,113	$	26,584	$	2,529	$	—

1.The fair value of the money market fund is based on the net asset value (“NAV”) of the shares held by the plan at the end of the period. The money market fund includes short-term United States dollar denominated money market instruments and the NAV is determined by the custodian of the fund. The money market fund can be redeemed at its NAV at the measurement date as there are no significant restrictions on the ability to sell this investment.

As of September 30, 2017
Fair Value Measurement Using:
Carrying Amount Total Fair Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(in thousands)
Financial Assets:
Marketable securities
Municipal bonds — available-for-sale $ 70,384
$ 70,384
$ —
$ 70,384
$ —

Deferred compensation fund
Money Market⁽¹⁾
$ 2,378
$ 2,378
$ —
$ 2,378
$ —
Balanced and Lifestyle 8,181
8,181
8,181
—
—
Large Cap Growth 7,227
7,227
7,227
—
—
Small Cap Growth 3,359
3,359
3,359
—
—
Fixed Income 3,038
3,038
3,038
—
—
International 1,471
1,471
1,471
—
—
Mid Cap Growth 1,733
1,733
1,733
—
—
Deferred compensation fund $ 27,387
$ 27,387
$ 25,009
$ 2,378
$ —

As of December 31, 2016
Fair Value Measurement Using:
Carrying
Amount Total Fair
Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(in thousands)
Financial Assets:
Marketable securities
Municipal bonds — available-for-sale $ 67,730
$ 67,730
$ —
$ 67,730
$ —

Deferred compensation fund
Money Market ⁽¹⁾
$ 3,147
$ 3,147
$ —
$ 3,147
$ —
Balanced and Lifestyle 7,162
7,162
7,162
—
—
Large Cap Growth 5,583
5,583
5,583
—
—
Small Cap Growth 2,933
2,933
2,933
—
—
Fixed Income 2,752
2,752
2,752
—
—
International 1,132
1,132
1,132
—
—
Mid Cap Growth 1,410
1,410
1,410
—
—
Deferred compensation fund $ 24,119
$ 24,119
$ 20,972
$ 3,147
$ —

⁽¹⁾

The fair value of the money market fund is based on the net asset value (“NAV”) of the shares held by the plan at the end of the period. The money market fund includes short-term United States dollar denominated money market instruments and the NAV is determined by the custodian of the fund. The money market fund can be redeemed at its NAV at the measurement date as there are no significant restrictions on the ability to sell this investment.

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	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Other-than-temporary Impairments
	(in thousands)
June 30, 2019
Type of security:
Municipal bonds — available-for-sale	$	76,539	$	3,003	$	(9)	$	79,533	$	—
Total debt securities	$	76,539	$	3,003	$	(9)	$	79,533	$	—

December 31, 2018
Type of security:
Municipal bonds — available-for-sale	$	76,162	$	633	$	(433)	$	76,362	$	—
Total debt securities	$	76,162	$	633	$	(433)	$	76,362	$	—

Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value Other-than-temporary Impairments
(in thousands)
September 30, 2017
Type of security:
Municipal bonds — available-for-sale $ 69,085
$ 1,379
$ (80 ) $ 70,384
$ —
Total debt securities $ 69,085
$ 1,379
$ (80 ) $ 70,384
$ —

December 31, 2016
Type of security:
Municipal bonds — available-for-sale $ 68,220
$ 178
$ (668 ) $ 67,730
$ —
Total debt securities $ 68,220
$ 178
$ (668 ) $ 67,730
$ —

The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of debt securities held at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and December 31, ~~2016,~~2018, which are classified as marketable securities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:


	Municipal Bonds — Available-for-Sale					Municipal Bonds — Available-for-Sale
Contractual maturity:	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		Contractual maturity:	June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(in thousands)					(in thousands)
Maturing in one year or less	$	1,403	$	973	Maturing in one year or less	$	916	$	1,645
Maturing in second year through fifth year	23,879		28,671		Maturing in second year through fifth year	23,174		24,649
Maturing in sixth year through tenth year	19,346		21,651		Maturing in sixth year through tenth year	20,034		14,769
Maturing after ten years	25,756		16,435		Maturing after ten years	35,409		35,299
Total debt securities	$	70,384	$	67,730	Total debt securities	$	79,533	$	76,362

Note 6— 10—Stock-Based Compensation

~~A summary~~The components of the Company’s stock-based compensation expense for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016 is~~2018 are as follows:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Stock options	$	1,326	$	1,514
Restricted stock and restricted stock units	1,998		1,292
Employee Stock Purchase Plan	335		289
Total pre-tax stock-based compensation expense charged against income ¹	$	3,659	$	3,095

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 2016
(in thousands)
Stock options $ 2,885
$ 2,399
Restricted stock and restricted stock units 888
412
Employee Stock Purchase Plan 365
302
Total pre-tax stock-based compensation expense charged against income ⁽¹⁾
$ 4,138
$ 3,113
1.Stock-based compensation expense is recorded in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.


⁽¹⁾	~~Stock-based compensation expense is recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.~~

At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2019, the unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options and awards was ~~$12.7~~$19.8 million. The weighted average period over which these awards will vest is approximately ~~3.0~~2.9 years.

~~Table of Contents~~

2012 Equity Incentive Plan

The Company’s Second Amended and Restated 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) provides that current or prospective officers, employees, non-employee directors and advisors can receive share-based awards such as stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other stock awards. The Plan seeks to promote the highest level of performance by providing an economic interest in the long-term success of the Company.

As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017, 3.4~~2019, 3.3 million shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the Plan, including 0.8 million shares available for future grant. No stock award will have a term in excess of ~~ten~~10 years. All awards granted under the Plan become vested and exercisable ratably over a ~~five year~~5 years period on each yearly anniversary of the grant date.

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The Nominating, Compensation and Stock Option Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for determining the terms of the grants in accordance with the Plan.

Stock Options

A summary of stock options outstanding under the Plan as of December 31, ~~2016~~2018 and changes during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 is as follows:


	Stock Options Outstanding
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2018	2,121	$	31.53
Granted	188	$	40.49
Exercised	(123)	$	24.70
Forfeited	(10)	$	36.38
Expired	(7)	$	27.33
June 30, 2019	2,169	$	32.69

Stock Options Outstanding
Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price
(in thousands)
December 31, 2016 2,615
$ 24.61
Granted 544
$ 39.38
Canceled (93 ) $ 33.66
Exercised (513 ) $ 20.39
September 30, 2017 2,553
$ 28.27

The weighted average grant-date fair value of stock options granted during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 was ~~$8.52~~$8.18 and ~~$7.46~~$10.48 per common share, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 was ~~$13.3~~$1.5 million and ~~$4.6~~$4.7 million, respectively.

The fair value of stock option awards granted in ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model ~~using~~with the following assumptions:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018
Risk-free interest rate	2.5	%	2.1	%
Weighted average expected life	5.7 years		5.8 years
Expected volatility	22.6	%	21.4	%
Dividend yield	1.9	%	1.5	%

Nine Months Ended
2017 2016
Risk-free interest rate 2.0 % 2.0 %
Weighted average expected life (years) 5.8 years
5.8 years
Expected volatility 25.1 % 26.0 %
Dividend yield 1.9 % 2.0 %

~~Table of Contents~~

The following table summarizes other information about the stock options at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017:~~2019:


	June 30, 2019
	(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Outstanding:
Aggregate intrinsic value	$	5,846
Weighted average remaining contractual life	5.9 years
Exercisable:
Number of options	1,305
Weighted average exercise price	$	28.09
Aggregate intrinsic value	$	5,844
Weighted average remaining contractual life	4.7 years

September 30, 2017
(in thousands, except per share data)
Outstanding:
Aggregate intrinsic value $ 65,589
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years) 6.5 years
Exercisable:
Number of options 1,123
Weighted average exercise price $ 21.05
Aggregate intrinsic value $ 36,950
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years) 4.5 years

Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company did not grant any restricted stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company granted 44 thousand shares of restricted stock with a weighted average grant dateThe fair value of ~~$34.14 per share. Fair value is~~outstanding restricted stock units and restricted stock was determined based on the market price of the shares on the date of grant.

~~A summary of~~ During the ~~outstanding restricted stock awards as of December 31, 2016 and changes during the nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017 is as follows:~~

Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
(in thousands)
December 31, 2016 74
$ 32.09
Granted —
$ —
Vested (18 ) $ 31.41
Forfeited —
$ —
September 30, 2017 56
$ 32.30

~~Restricted Stock Units~~

~~During the nine months ended September 30, 2017,~~2019, the Company granted ~~88 thousand~~0.2 million restricted stock units with a weighted average grant date fair value of ~~$40.16~~$40.49 per unit. ~~Fair value is determined based on the market price of the underlying shares on the date of grant.~~ During the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2016, there were no grants of~~2018, the Company granted 0.1 million restricted stock ~~units.~~units with a weighted average grant date fair value of $52.06 per share.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not grant any restricted stock.

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A summary of the outstanding restricted stock units and restricted stock as of December 31, ~~2016~~2018 and changes during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 is as follows:


	Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock
	Number	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2018	241	$	45.47
Granted	194	$	40.49
Vested	(60)	$	42.91
Forfeited	(4)	$	45.69
June 30, 2019	371	$	43.28

Units Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
(in thousands)
December 31, 2016 —
$ —
Granted 88
$ 40.16
Vested —
$ —
Forfeited —
$ —
September 30, 2017 88
$ 40.16

~~Table of Contents~~

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") is currently available through 2021 to all eligible employees. All full-time and part-time employees who work an average of 20 hours per week and have completed two years of continuous service with the Company are eligible to participate. Annual offerings commence and terminate on the respective year’s first and last calendar day.

Under the ESPP, the Company is authorized to issue up to 4.1 million shares of its common stock to its employees. Pursuant to such authorization, there are ~~2.3~~2.2 million shares available for future grant at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017.~~2019.

The ~~stock-based compensation~~ expense associated with the options granted under the ESPP during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model ~~using~~with the following assumptions:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019	2018
Risk-free interest rate	2.57%	1.89%
Weighted average expected life (years)	1.0	1.0
Expected volatility	30.8%	20.8%
Dividend yield	1.9%	1.4%

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 2016
Risk-free interest rate 1.05% 0.58%
Weighted average expected life (years) 1.0 1.0
Expected volatility 21.2% 19.7%
Dividend yield 1.9% 2.0%

Deferred Compensation Plan

The Company offers a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”) for executives and certain key ~~executives and~~ employees. The SERP allows participants to defer a portion of their earned income on a pre-tax basis and as of the last day of each plan year, each participant will be credited with a match of a portion of their deferral in the form of the Company’s common stock based on the then-current market value. Under the SERP, the Company is authorized to issue 1.0 million shares of its common stock to its employees. Pursuant to such authorization, the Company has 0.4 million shares available for future grant at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017.~~2019. At the time of issuance, such shares are accounted for at cost as treasury stock.

The following table summarizes information about the SERP during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016:~~2018:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
SERP expense ¹	$	346	$	328
Unrealized gain recorded in SERP liability account	$	4,939	$	1,118

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 2016
(in thousands)
SERP expense⁽¹⁾
$ 460
$ 443
Unrealized gain recorded in SERP liability account $ 3,375
$ 1,114

⁽¹⁾1.Both the SERP match and the deferrals are included in the selling, general and administrative caption in the ~~consolidated statements~~Consolidated Statements of ~~comprehensive income.~~Comprehensive Income.

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Note 7— 11—Dividends

During the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2019, the Company paid regular quarterly cash dividends totaling approximately ~~$41.3~~$29.3 million as follows:


	Quarter Ended
	June 30, 2019		March 31, 2019
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Cash dividend paid per common share	$	0.19750	$	0.19625
Total cash dividends paid	$	14,688	$	14,588
Record date	May 24, 2019		February 15, 2019
Payment date	June 28, 2019		March 22, 2019

Quarter Ended
March 31, 2017 June 30, 2017 September 30, 2017
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Cash dividends paid per common share $ 0.18625
$ 0.18750
$ 0.18875
Total cash dividends paid $ 13,624
$ 13,750
$ 13,883
Record date February 17, 2017
May 19, 2017
August 18, 2017
Payment date March 24, 2017
June 23, 2017
September 22, 2017

Additionally, on ~~October 17, 2017,~~July 23, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of ~~$0.19~~$0.19875 per common share, which will be paid on ~~December 22, 2017,~~September 27, 2019, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on ~~November 17, 2017.~~August 23, 2019.

Cash dividends declared for the periods presented were as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,			Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019	2018	2019	2018
Cash dividends declared per common share	0.19875	0.19375	0.39625	0.38625

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016
Cash dividends declared per common share $ 0.19000
$ 0.18500
$ 0.56625
$ 0.55125

Note 8— 12—Income Taxes

The ~~2017 estimated~~Company's annual effective tax rate is ~~expected to be approximately 31.9%. Due to the adoption of ASU 2016-09,~~impacted by the tax effects of option exercises orand vested awards, ~~should be~~which are treated as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur, and therefore cannot be considered in the calculation of the estimated annual effective tax rate. ~~Excluding~~The impact on the ~~impact of ASU 2016-09,~~Company’s income tax provision through the ~~estimated annual effective tax rate would be 35.6%.~~six months ended June 30, 2019 for such discrete items was not material.

Differences between the effective tax rate and the applicable U.S. federal statutory rate arise primarily from the effect of state and local income taxes, share-based compensation and tax credits available to the Company. The actual ~~2017~~2019 effective tax rate will likely vary from the estimate depending on the availability of tax credits and the ~~exercises~~exercise of stock options and vesting of share-based awards.

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which results in recognizing income tax expense based on the amount of income taxes payable or refundable for the current year. Additionally, the Company regularly evaluates the tax positions taken or expected to be taken resulting from financial statement recognition of certain items. Based on the evaluation, there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the Company’s financial statements. The evaluation was performed for the tax years ended December 31, 2013 through ~~2016~~2018 (with regard to U.S. federal income tax returns) and December 31, 2012 through ~~2016~~2018 (with regard to various state and local income tax returns), the tax years which remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017.~~2019.

The Company may from time to time be assessed interest or penalties by taxing jurisdictions, although any such assessments historically have been minimal and immaterial to its financial results. When the Company has received an assessment for interest and/or penalties, it will be classified in the financial statements as selling, general and administrative expense. In addition, any interest or penalties relating to recognized uncertain tax positions would also be recorded in selling, general and administrative expense.

Note ~~9—Related Party Transactions~~

A director is a member of a law firm retained by the Company. In each of the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, fees paid to such firm by the Company did not exceed $120,000. Additionally, such fees did not exceed, in either period, 5% of such firm’s or the Company’s revenues.

~~Note 10—~~13—Segment Information

The Company manages and evaluates its operations in two reportable segments: Housekeeping (housekeeping, laundry, linen and other services) and Dietary (dietary department services). Although both segments serve the same client base and share many operational similarities, they are managed separately due to distinct differences in the type of services provided, as well as the specialized expertise required of the professional management personnel responsible for delivering each segment’s services. Such services are rendered pursuant to discrete service agreements, specific to each reportable segment.

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The Company’s accounting policies for the segments are generally the same as described in the Company’s significant accounting policies. Differences between the reportable segments’ operating results and other disclosed data and the information in the consolidated financial statements relate primarily to corporate level transactions and recording of transactions at the reportable segment level using other than generally accepted accounting principles. There are certain inventories and supplies that are primarily expensed when incurred within the operating segments, while they are capitalized in the consolidated financial statements. In addition, most corporate expenses such as corporate salary and benefit costs, certain legal costs, debt expense, information technology costs, depreciation, amortization of finite-lived intangible assets, share based compensation costs and other corporate-specific costs, are not allocated to the operating segments. There are also allocations for workers’ compensation and general liability expense within the operating segments that differ from the actual expense recorded by the Company under U.S. GAAP. Segment amounts disclosed are prior to elimination entries made in consolidation.

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016
(in thousands)
Revenues
Housekeeping $ 247,395
$ 239,584
$ 733,737
$ 716,154
Dietary 243,960
153,150
632,984
447,943
Total $ 491,355
$ 392,734
$ 1,366,721
$ 1,164,097

Income before income taxes
Housekeeping $ 26,848
$ 23,645
$ 71,524
$ 68,966
Dietary 11,366
7,884
34,733
26,103
Corporate and eliminations ⁽¹⁾
(5,284 ) (958 ) (7,970 ) (5,211 )
Total $ 32,930
$ 30,571
$ 98,287
$ 89,858

⁽¹⁾

Primarily represents corporate office costs and related overhead, recording of certain inventories and supplies and workers compensation costs at the reportable segment level which use accounting methods that differ from those used at the corporate level, as well as consolidated subsidiaries’ operating expenses that are not allocated to the reportable segments, net of investment and interest income.


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Revenues
Housekeeping¹	$	228,911	$	243,402	$	462,045	$	488,563
Dietary	233,190		258,185		476,167		513,586
Total	$	462,101	$	501,587	$	938,212	$	1,002,149

Income before income taxes
Housekeeping	$	24,804	$	27,817	$	51,311	$	56,158
Dietary	9,713		15,571		25,138		30,301
Corporate and eliminations²	(10,900)		(10,072)		(40,940)		(54,538)
Total	$	23,617	$	33,316	$	35,509	$	31,921

1.Prior year Housekeeping were revised for the presentation of the revenues earned by the Company's wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary. Refer to Note 1—Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies herein for additional disclosure regarding the revision.

182.Primarily represents corporate office costs and related overhead, recording of certain inventories and supplies and workers compensation costs at the reportable segment level which use accounting methods that differ from those used at the corporate level, as well as consolidated subsidiaries’ operating expenses that are not allocated to the reportable segments, net of investment and other income and interest expense.

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Note ~~11—~~ 14—Earnings Per Common Share

Basic and diluted earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of basic and diluted common shares outstanding, respectively. The weighted-average number of diluted common shares includes the impact of dilutive securities, including outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units. The table below reconciles the weighted-average basic and diluted common shares outstanding:


	Three Months Ended June 30,			Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019	2018	2019	2018
	(in thousands)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic	74,352	73,982	74,327	73,947
Effect of dilutive securities ¹	267	505	342	659
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted	74,619	74,487	74,669	74,606

1.Certain outstanding equity awards are anti-dilutive and were therefore excluded from the calculation of the weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding.

Anti-dilutive outstanding equity awards under share based compensation plans were as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,			Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019	2018	2019	2018
	(in thousands)
Anti-dilutive	1,536	681	1,455	640

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016
(in thousands)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic 73,461
72,839
73,272
72,718
Effect of dilutive securities⁽¹⁾
1,077
753
980
717
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted 74,538
73,592
74,252
73,435

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⁽¹⁾

Certain outstanding stock option awards are anti-dilutive and were therefore excluded from the calculation of the weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, there were no anti-dilutive stock options excluded and during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, options to purchase 0.5 million shares having a weighted average exercise price of $39.38 per share were excluded. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, options to purchase 0.5 million shares having a weighted average exercise price of $34.14 per share were excluded.

Note ~~12—~~ 15—Other Contingencies

Line of Credit

At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2019, the Company had a ~~$300~~$475 million bank line of credit on which to draw for general corporate purposes. Amounts drawn under the line of credit are payable upon demand and generally bear interest at ~~September~~a float rate, based on the Company's leverage ratio, and starting at LIBOR plus 115 basis points (or if LIBOR becomes unavailable, the higher of the Overnight Bank Funding Rate, plus 50 basis points and the Prime Rate). As of both June 30, ~~2017,~~2019 and December 31, 2018 there were ~~$25.0~~$30.0 million in borrowings under the line of credit. The line of credit requires the Company to satisfy ~~one~~two financial ~~covenant,~~covenants, with which the Company is in compliance as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and expects to remain in compliance. The line of credit expires on December ~~18, 2018.~~21, 2023.

At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2019, the Company also had outstanding ~~$74.2~~$62.7 million in irrevocable standby letters of credit, which relate to payment obligations under the Company's insurance programs. In connection with the issuance of the letters of credit, the amount available under the line of credit was reduced by ~~$74.2 million to $200.8~~$62.7 million at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017.~~ 2019.The letters of credit ~~were increased to $77.6 million~~expire on ~~October~~January 2, ~~2017.~~2020.

Tax Jurisdictions and Matters

The Company provides services throughout the continental United States and is subject to numerous state and local taxing jurisdictions. In the ordinary course of business, a jurisdiction may contest the Company’s reporting positions with respect to the application of its tax code to the Company’s services, which could result in additional tax liabilities.

The Company has tax matters with various taxing authorities. Because of the uncertainties related to both the probable outcomes and amount of probable assessments due, the Company is unable to make a reasonable estimate of a liability. The Company does not expect the resolution of any of these matters, taken individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or results of operations based on the Company’s best estimate of the outcomes of such matters.

Legal Proceedings

The Company is subject to various claims and legal actions in the ordinary course of business. Some of these matters include payroll and employee-related matters and examinations by governmental agencies. As the Company becomes aware of such claims and legal actions, the Company records accruals for any exposures that are probable and estimable. If adverse outcomes of such claims and legal actions are reasonably possible, Management assesses materiality and provides financial disclosure, as appropriate.

As previously disclosed, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) is conducting an investigation into the Company's earnings per share (“EPS”) calculation practices. Following receipt of a letter from the SEC in November 2017 regarding its inquiry into those practices followed by a subpoena in March 2018, the Company authorized its outside counsel to conduct an internal investigation, under the direction of the Company’s Audit Committee, into matters related to the SEC subpoena. This investigation was completed in March 2019 and the Company continues to cooperate with the SEC’s investigation.

On March 22, 2019, a putative shareholder class action lawsuit was filed against the Company and its Chief Executive Officer in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The complaint, which was filed by a plaintiff purportedly on behalf of all purchasers of our securities between April 11, 2017 and March 4, 2019, alleges violations of the federal securities laws in connection with the matters related to the Company's EPS calculation practices. The plaintiffs seek unspecified monetary damages and other relief.

While the Company ~~believes it~~is vigorously defending against all litigation claims asserted, this litigation—along with the ongoing SEC investigation—could result in substantial costs to the Company and a diversion of the Company’s management’s attention and resources, which could harm its business. In addition, the uncertainty of the pending lawsuit or potential filing of additional lawsuits could lead to more volatility and a reduction in the Company’s stock price. Given the early stage of the litigation, at this time the Company is unable to reasonably estimate possible losses or form a judgment that an unfavorable outcome is either probable or remote. It is not ~~a party~~currently possible to ~~nor are any~~assess whether or not the outcome of ~~its properties the subject of, any pending legal proceeding or governmental examination that would~~these proceedings may have a material adverse effect on the ~~Company’s consolidated financial condition or liquidity.~~Company.

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Government Regulations

The Company’s clients are concentrated in the ~~health care~~healthcare industry and are primarily providers of long-term care. The revenues of many of the Company’s clients are highly reliant on Medicare, Medicaid and third party payors’ reimbursement funding rates. New legislation or additional changes in existing regulations could directly impact the governmental reimbursement programs in which the clients participate. The full effect of any such programs would not be realized until these laws are fully implemented and government agencies issue applicable regulations or guidance.

Note ~~13—~~16—Subsequent Events

The Company evaluated all subsequent events through the filing date of this Form 10-Q. There were no events or transactions occurring during this subsequent reporting period which require recognition or additional disclosure in these financial statements.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysisof Financial Condition and Results ofOperations

Results of Operations

The following discussion is intended to provide the reader with information that will be helpful in understanding our financial statements, including the changes in certain key items when comparing financial statements period to period. We also intend to provide the primary factors that accounted for those changes, as well as a summary of how certain accounting principles affect our financial statements. In addition, we are providing information about the financial results of our two operating segments to further assist in understanding how these segments and their results affect our consolidated results of operations. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and December 31, ~~2016~~2018 and the notes accompanying those financial statements.

Overview

We provide management, administrative and operating expertise and services to the housekeeping, laundry, linen, facility maintenance and dietary service departments of ~~heath care providers,~~healthcare facilities, including nursing homes, retirement complexes, rehabilitation centers and hospitals located throughout the United States. We believe we are the largest provider of housekeeping and laundry management services to the long-term care industry in the ~~United States,~~nation, rendering such services to over ~~3,500~~3,300 facilities throughout the continental United States as of ~~September~~June 30, 2017. Although we do not directly participate in any government reimbursement programs, our clients’ reimbursements are subject to government regulation. Therefore, our clients are directly affected by any legislation relating to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement programs.2019.

We provide ~~our~~ services primarily pursuant to full service agreements with our clients. InUnder such agreements, we are responsible for the day-to-day management of the ~~department serviced, employing Housekeeping or Dietary personnel~~employees located at our clients’ facilities, ~~and providing~~as well as for the provision of certain supplies. We also provide services on the basis of management-only agreements for a limited number of clients. Under a management-only agreement, we provide management and supervisory services while the client facility retains payroll responsibility for the non-supervisory staff. Our agreements with clients typically provide for a renewable one year service ~~terms, cancelable~~term, cancellable by either party upon 30 to 90 days’ notice after ~~the~~an initial period of 60 to 120 days.

We are organized into two reportable segments: housekeeping, laundry, linen and other services (“Housekeeping”), and dietary department services (“Dietary”).

Housekeeping consists of managing ~~the client’s~~our clients’ housekeeping ~~department~~departments, which isare principally responsible for the cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing of resident rooms and common areas of ~~a client’s facility,~~the clients’ facilities, as well as the laundering and processing of the bed linens, uniforms, resident personal clothing and other assorted linen items utilized at the clients’ facilities. Upon beginning service with a client ~~facility.~~facility, we typically hire and train the employees previously employed by such facility and assign an on-site manager to supervise and train the front-line personnel and coordinate housekeeping services with other facility support functions in accordance with client requests. Such management personnel also oversee the execution of various cost and quality control procedures including continuous training and employee evaluation, and on-site testing for infection control.

Dietary consists of managing ~~the client’s~~our clients’ dietary ~~department~~departments, which isare principally responsible for food purchasing, meal preparation and ~~providing~~professional dietitian ~~professional~~ services, which ~~includes~~include the development of menus that meet ~~residents’~~the dietary ~~needs.~~needs of residents. On-site management is responsible for all daily dietary department activities, with regular support provided by a District Manager specializing in dietary services. We also offer clinical consulting services to our dietary clients, which may be provided as a stand-alone service, or bundled with other dietary department services. Upon beginning service with a client facility, we typically hire and train the employees previously employed by such facility and assign an on-site manager to supervise and train the front-line personnel and coordinate dietitian services with other facility support functions in accordance with client requests. Such management personnel also oversee the execution of various cost and quality control procedures including continuous training and employee evaluation.

At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2019, Housekeeping services were provided at essentially all of our ~~more than 3,500~~approximately 3,300 client facilities, generating approximately ~~53.7%~~49.2% or ~~$733.7~~$462.0 million of our total revenues for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017.~~2019. Dietary ~~department~~ services were provided to over 1,500 client facilities at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and contributed approximately ~~46.3%~~50.8% or ~~$633.0~~$476.2 million of our total revenues for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017.~~2019.

Subject to the factors noted in the Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and although there can be no assurance thereof, we expect our consolidated revenues for the remainder

Table of 2017 to continue to improve compared to historical ranges. We expect that Dietary revenues will continue to grow as a percentage of consolidated revenue and such growth is expected to come from extending our Dietary department service offerings to our current Housekeeping client base. Growth in Housekeeping is expected to primarily come from obtaining new clients. Furthermore, we expect the sources of organic growth for the remainder of 2017 for the respective operating segments to be primarily the same as historically experienced.Contents

Three Months Ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018

The following table summarizes the income statement key components that we use to evaluate our financial performance on a consolidated and reportable segment basis, for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016.~~2018. The differences between the reportable segments’ operating results and other disclosed data and our consolidated financial results relate primarily to corporate level transactions and ~~recording of~~adjustments related to transactions recorded at the reportable segment level ~~using~~which use methods other than generally accepted accounting principles.


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		% Change
	(in thousands)
Revenues
Housekeeping¹	$	228,911	$	243,402	(6.0)	%
Dietary	233,190		258,185		(9.7)	%
Consolidated	$	462,101	$	501,587	(7.9)	%

Costs of services provided
Housekeeping¹	$	204,107	$	215,138	(5.1)	%
Dietary	223,477		242,614		(7.9)	%
Corporate and eliminations	(27,099)		(21,465)		26.2	%
Consolidated	$	400,485	$	436,287	(8.2)	%

Selling, general and administrative expense
Corporate and eliminations	$	38,609	$	34,118	13.2	%

Investment and other income, net
Corporate and eliminations¹	$	1,393	$	2,845	(51.0)	%

Interest expense
Corporate and eliminations¹	$	783	$	711	10.1	%

Income (loss) before income taxes
Housekeeping	$	24,804	$	28,264	(12.2)	%
Dietary	9,713		15,571		(37.6)	%
Corporate and eliminations	(10,900)		(10,519)		(3.6)	%
Consolidated	$	23,617	$	33,316	29.1	%

211.Prior year Housekeeping and Corporate revenues, costs of services provided and investment and other income, net were revised for the presentation of the revenue and expenses associated with our wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary. Refer to Note 1—Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies herein for additional disclosure regarding the revision.

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Three Months Ended September 30,
2017 2016 % Change
(in thousands)
Revenues
Housekeeping $ 247,395
$ 239,584
3.3 %
Dietary 243,960
153,150
59.3 %
Consolidated $ 491,355
$ 392,734
25.1 %

Costs of Services Provided
Housekeeping $ 220,547
$ 215,939
2.1 %
Dietary 232,594
145,266
60.1 %
Corporate and eliminations (26,217 ) (24,865 ) 5.4 %
Consolidated $ 426,924
$ 336,340
26.9 %

Selling, general and administrative expense
Corporate and eliminations $ 32,940
$ 27,182
21.2 %

Investment and interest income
Corporate and eliminations $ 1,439
$ 1,359
5.9 %

Income (loss) before income taxes
Housekeeping $ 26,848
$ 23,645
13.5 %
Dietary 11,366
7,884
44.2 %
Corporate and eliminations (5,284 ) (958 ) 451.6 %
Consolidated $ 32,930
$ 30,571
7.7 %

Housekeeping revenues represented approximately ~~50.3%~~49.5% of consolidated revenues for the ~~third quarter 2017.~~three months ended June 30, 2019. Dietary revenues represented approximately ~~49.7%~~50.5% of consolidated revenues for the ~~third quarter 2017.~~three months ended June 30, 2019.

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The following table sets forth the ratio ~~which~~of certain items ~~bear~~ to consolidated revenues:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018
Revenues	100.0	%	100.0	%
Operating costs and expenses:
Costs of services provided	86.7	%	87.0	%
Selling, general and administrative expense	8.4	%	6.8	%
Other income (expense):
Investment and other income, net	0.3	%	0.6	%
Interest expense	(0.2)	%	(0.1)	%
Income before income taxes	5.0	%	6.7	%
Income tax	1.2	%	1.5	%
Net income	3.8	%	5.2	%

Three Months Ended September 30,
2017 2016
Revenues 100.0 % 100.0 %
Operating costs and expenses:
Costs of services provided 86.9 % 85.6 %
Selling, general and administrative expense 6.7 % 6.9 %
Investment and interest income 0.3 % 0.3 %
Income before income taxes 6.7 % 7.8 %
Income taxes 1.9 % 2.8 %
Net income 4.8 % 5.0 %

Revenues

Consolidated

Consolidated revenues ~~increased 25.1%~~decreased 7.9% to ~~$491.4~~$462.1 million infor the ~~third quarter 2017~~three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to ~~$392.7~~$501.6 million for the corresponding period in ~~the third quarter 2016,~~2018, as a result of the factors discussed below under Reportable Segments.

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Reportable Segments

~~Housekeeping’s 3.3% net growth~~Housekeeping and Dietary revenues decreased 6.0% and 9.7%, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the corresponding period in ~~reportable segment revenues resulted from service agreements entered into~~2018, partially driven by the termination of several customers, and with ~~new clients. Dietary’s 59.3% net growth in reportable segment revenues resulted primarily from providing these services~~respect to ~~existing Housekeeping clients.~~Dietary, adjustments to the Company's contractual relationship with Genesis Healthcare^® (“Genesis”). Effective December 1, 2018, Genesis assumed responsibility for direct payment to suppliers for food purchases. HCSG will continue to manage food procurement, and as a result, maintain the same benefits of purchasing scale.

Costs of Services Provided

Consolidated

Consolidated costs of services ~~increased 26.9%~~provided decreased 8.2% to ~~$426.9~~$400.5 million infor the ~~third quarter 2017~~three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to ~~$336.3~~$436.3 million ~~in the third quarter 2016, which is primarily related to our 25.1% growth in consolidated revenues~~ for the ~~same period. As a percentage of consolidated revenues, costs of services increased to 86.9% in the third quarter 2017 from 85.6% in the third quarter 2016.~~three months ended June 30, 2018.

Certain significant components within our costs of services are subject to fluctuation with changes in our business and client base. Labor and other labor-related costs, dining and housekeeping supplies, and self insurance costs account for most of our consolidated costs of services. See the discussion under Reportable Segments below for additional information on the changes in the components of costs of services.

The following table provides a comparison of key indicators we consider when managing the consolidated ~~cost~~costs of services provided:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
Costs of Services Provided - Key Indicators as a % of Consolidated Revenue	2019	2018	Change
Bad debt provision	0.6%	0.4%	0.2%
Self-insurance costs	2.9%	2.7%	0.2%

Three Months Ended September 30,
Costs of Services Provided-Key Indicators as a % of Consolidated Revenue 2017 2016 Change
Bad debt provision 0.4% 0.3% 0.1%
Workers’ compensation and general liability insurance 2.6% 2.7% (0.1)%

~~The change in the Company’s bad debt provision as a percentage of consolidated revenue is related to our assessment of the collectability of our accounts and notes receivable.~~

The decrease in workers’ compensation and general liability insurance expense as a percentage of consolidated revenue is primarily the result of the Company’s ongoing initiatives to promote safety and accident prevention in the workplace, as well as proactive management of workers’ compensation claims, which positively impact our claims experience.

Reportable Segments

Costs of services provided for Housekeeping, as a percentage of Housekeeping revenues, ~~decreased~~increased to ~~89.1%~~89.2% for the ~~third quarter 2017~~three months ended June 30, 2019 from ~~90.1%~~88.4% in the ~~third quarter 2016.~~corresponding period in 2018. Costs of services provided for Dietary, as a percentage of Dietary revenues, increased to ~~95.3%~~95.8% for the ~~third quarter 2017~~three months ended June 30, 2019 from ~~94.9%~~94.0% in the ~~third quarter 2016.~~corresponding period in 2018.

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The following table provides a comparison of the key indicators we consider when managing costs of services provided at the segment level, as a percentage of the respective ~~segment~~segment’s revenues:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
Costs of Services Provided - Key Indicators as a % of Segment Revenue	2019	2018	Change
Housekeeping labor and other labor-related costs	79.6%	78.9%	0.7%
Housekeeping supplies	7.5%	8.0%	(0.5)%
Dietary labor and other labor-related costs	63.7%	57.8%	5.9%
Dietary supplies	29.7%	33.9%	(4.2)%

Three Months Ended September 30,
Costs of Services Provided-Key Indicators as a % of Segment Revenue 2017 2016 Change
Housekeeping labor and other labor-related costs 79.6% 81.0% (1.4)%
Housekeeping supplies 7.9% 7.7% 0.2%
Dietary labor and other labor-related costs 58.0% 54.5% 3.5%
Dietary supplies 35.4% 37.8% (2.4)%

~~The ratios of~~Variations within these key indicators generally remain relatively consistent. However, during this period of high-growth, the Company has experienced some inefficiencies when integrating new business and facilities. Such inefficiencies can relate to ~~standardizing work flows~~the provision of services at new facilities and ~~labor resources, establishing administrative structures, provisioning and other operational and logistical activities. Further, variations in these ratios can relate to~~ changes in the mix of clients for whom we provide supplies or do not provide supplies. Management focuses on building efficiencies ~~based on our operational expertise,~~and managing labor and ~~labor-related~~other costs at the facility level, as well as managing supply chain costs, ~~by leveraging economies~~for new and existing facilities. The increase in dietary labor and the reduction in dietary supplies cost was primarily a result of ~~scale.~~a modification of our contractual relationship with Genesis.

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Consolidated Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Excluding the change in the deferred compensation plan described below, consolidated selling, general and administrative expense increased $5.6 million or 21.3% compared to the third quarter 2016, related primarily to our overall growth.

Included in selling, general and administrative expense are gains and losses associated with changes in the value of investments under the deferred compensation ~~plan that~~plan. These investments represent the amounts held on behalf of the participating ~~employees. Changes~~employees and changes in the value of these investments affect the amount of our deferred compensation liability. Gains on the plan investments during the ~~third quarter 2017~~three months ended June 30, 2019 and ~~2016~~2018 increased our total selling, general and administrative expense for these periods.

Excluding the change in the deferred compensation plan described above, consolidated selling, general and administrative expense increased $3.9 million or 11.6%, to 8.0% of consolidated revenues, for three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the corresponding period in 2018. The increase was primarily a result of increased legal and other professional fees incurred in connection with the Company's internal investigation related to the Securities and Exchange Commission's inquiry regarding the Company's earnings per share calculation practices.

The table below summarizes the changes in these components of selling, general and administrative expense:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		$ Change		% Change
	(in thousands)
Selling, general and administrative expense excluding change in deferred compensation liability	$	37,088	$	33,231	$	3,857	11.6	%
Gain on deferred compensation plan investments	1,521		887		634		71.5	%
Selling, general and administrative expense	$	38,609	$	34,118	$	4,491	13.2	%

Three Months Ended September 30,
2017 2016 $ Change % Change
(in thousands)
Selling, general and administrative expense excluding change in deferred compensation liability $ 31,878
$ 26,286
$ 5,592
21.3 %
Gain on deferred compensation plan investments 1,062
896
166
18.5 %
Selling, general and administrative expense $ 32,940
$ 27,182
$ 5,758
21.2 %

Consolidated Investment and ~~Interest~~Other Income, net

Investment and ~~interest~~other income ~~increased 5.9%~~decreased 51.0% for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 compared to the corresponding ~~2016~~2018 period, primarily due to favorable market fluctuations in the value of our trading security investments representing the funding for our deferred compensation plan. Realized gains and losses on our available-for-sale municipal bonds also impacted consolidated investment income.

Consolidated Interest Expense

Consolidated interest expense increased 10.1% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the corresponding 2018 period, due to an increase in the Company's cost of borrowing under its $475 million bank line of credit compared to the Company's previous credit agreement which expired during the fourth quarter of 2018.

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Consolidated Income Taxes

~~For~~During the ~~third quarter 2017, our effective tax rate was 28.7%,~~three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recognized a provision for income taxes of $5.4 million versus ~~35.5%~~$7.5 million for the same period in 2016. In the first quarter 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2016-09, under which excess tax benefits related to share-based payments were recognized as a component of income tax expense, as opposed to additional paid-in capital, resulting in a decrease in 2017 income tax expense. Differences between the2018.

The actual annual effective tax rate will be impacted by the tax effects of option exercises or vested awards, which are treated as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur, and therefore cannot be considered in the ~~applicable U.S. federal statutory rate generally arise primarily from~~calculation of the ~~effect of state and local~~estimated annual effective tax rate. The impact on our income ~~taxes, share-based compensation and~~ tax ~~credits available to~~provision for the ~~Company.~~three months ended June 30, 2019 for such discrete items was not material.

~~Nine~~Six Months Ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018

The following table summarizes the income statement key components that we use to evaluate our financial performance on a consolidated and reportable segment basis, for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016.~~2018. The differences between the reportable segments’ operating results and other disclosed data and our consolidated financial results relate primarily to corporate level transactions and ~~recording of~~adjustments related to transactions recorded at the reportable segment level ~~using~~which use methods other than generally accepted accounting principles.


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		% Change
	(in thousands)
Revenues
Housekeeping¹	$	462,045	$	488,563	(5.4)	%
Dietary	476,167		513,586		(7.3)	%
Consolidated	$	938,212	$	1,002,149	(6.4)	%

Costs of services provided
Housekeeping¹	$	410,734	$	431,702	(4.9)	%
Dietary	451,030		483,285		(6.7)	%
Corporate and eliminations	(34,014)		(9,704)		250.5	%
Consolidated	$	827,750	$	905,283	(8.6)	%

Selling, general and administrative expense
Corporate and eliminations	$	79,710	$	67,895	17.4	%

Investment and interest income
Corporate and eliminations¹	$	6,596	$	4,385	50.4	%

Interest expense
Corporate and eliminations¹	$	1,839	$	1,435	28.2	%

Income (loss) before income taxes
Housekeeping	$	51,311	$	56,861	(9.8)	%
Dietary	25,137		30,301		(17.0)	%
Corporate and eliminations	(40,939)		(55,241)		(25.9)	%
Consolidated	$	35,509	$	31,921	11.2	%

1.Prior year Housekeeping and Corporate revenues, costs of services provided and investment and other income, net were revised for the presentation of the revenue and expenses associated with our wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary. Refer to Note 1—Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies herein for additional disclosure regarding the revision.

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 2016 % Change
(in thousands)
Revenues
Housekeeping $ 733,737
$ 716,154
2.5 %
Dietary 632,984
447,943
41.3 %
Consolidated $ 1,366,721
$ 1,164,097
17.4 %

Costs of Services Provided
Housekeeping $ 662,213
$ 647,188
2.3 %
Dietary 598,251
421,840
41.8 %
Corporate and eliminations (80,648 ) (70,433 ) 14.5 %
Consolidated $ 1,179,816
$ 998,595
18.1 %

Selling, general and administrative expense
Corporate and eliminations $ 93,141
$ 78,192
19.1 %

Investment and interest income
Corporate and eliminations $ 4,523
$ 2,548
77.5 %

Income (loss) before income taxes
Housekeeping $ 71,524
$ 68,966
3.7 %
Dietary 34,733
26,103
33.1 %
Corporate and eliminations (7,970 ) (5,211 ) 52.9 %
Consolidated $ 98,287
$ 89,858
9.4 %

Housekeeping ~~and Dietary respectively~~revenues represented ~~approximately 53.7% and 46.3%~~49.2% of consolidated revenues for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017.~~2019. Dietary revenues represented approximately 50.8% of consolidated revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2019.

The following table sets forth the ratio ~~which~~of certain items ~~bear~~ to consolidated revenues:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018
Revenues	100.0	%	100.0	%
Operating costs and expenses:
Costs of services provided	88.2	%	90.3	%
Selling, general and administrative expense	8.5	%	6.8	%
Other income (expense):
Investment and other income, net	0.7	%	0.4	%
Interest expense	(0.2)	%	(0.1)	%
Income before income taxes	3.8	%	3.2	%
Income tax	0.9	%	0.6	%
Net income	2.9	%	2.6	%

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 2016
Revenues 100.0 % 100.0 %
Operating costs and expenses:
Costs of services provided 86.3 % 85.8 %
Selling, general and administrative expense 6.8 % 6.7 %
Investment and interest income 0.3 % 0.2 %
Income before income taxes 7.2 % 7.7 %
Income taxes 2.2 % 2.8 %
Net income 5.0 % 4.9 %

Revenues

Consolidated

Consolidated revenues ~~increased 17.4%~~decreased 6.4% to ~~$1.4~~$0.9 billion infor the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 compared to ~~$1.2~~$1.0 billion infor the corresponding period in ~~2016~~2018 as a result of the factors discussed below under Reportable Segments.

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Reportable Segments

~~Housekeeping’s 2.5% net growth~~Housekeeping and Dietary revenues decreased 5.4% and 7.3%, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the corresponding period in ~~reportable segment revenues resulted from service agreements entered into~~2018, partially driven by the termination of several customers, and with ~~new clients.~~respect to Dietary, adjustments to the Company's contractual relationship with Genesis.

~~Dietary’s 41.3% net growth in reportable segment revenues resulted primarily from providing these services to existing Housekeeping clients.~~

Costs of services provided

Consolidated

Consolidated costs of services ~~increased 18.1%~~provided decreased 8.6% to ~~$1.2~~$0.8 billion for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 compared to ~~$1.0~~$0.9 billion for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2016, which is primarily related to our 17.4% growth in consolidated revenues for the same period. As a percentage of consolidated revenues, costs of services increasedto 86.3% in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from 85.8% in the corresponding period in 2016.~~2018.

The following table provides a comparison of key indicators we consider when managing the consolidated ~~cost~~costs of services provided:

Nine Months Ended September 30,
Costs of Services Provided-Key Indicators as a % of Consolidated Revenue 2017 2016 Change
Bad debt provision 0.3 % 0.3 % — %
Workers’ compensation and general liability insurance 2.7 % 3.0 % (0.3 )%


	Six Months Ended June 30,
Costs of Services Provided - Key Indicators as a % of Consolidated Revenue	2019	2018	Change
Bad debt provision	2.3%	3.9%	(1.6)%
Self-insurance costs	2.8%	2.6%	0.2%

The decrease in ~~workers’ compensation and general liability insurance expense as a percentage of consolidated revenue~~the bad debt provision is ~~primarily the result~~related to our current assessment of the ~~Company’s ongoing initiatives~~collectability of our accounts and notes receivable during the six months ended June 30, 2019. Our 2018 bad debt provision was adversely impacted by the corporate restructurings of two privately-held, multi-state operators. Our provision for the six months ended June 30, 2019 of $21.5 million was primarily related to ~~promote safety and accident prevention in~~ the ~~workplace, as well as proactive management~~out-of-court restructuring of ~~workers’ compensation claims, which positively impact our claims experience.~~a privately held Northeast based operator that occurred during the first quarter.

Reportable Segments

Costs of services provided for Housekeeping, as a percentage of Housekeeping revenues, ~~decreased~~increased to ~~90.3%~~88.9% for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 from ~~90.4%~~88.4% in the corresponding period in ~~2016.~~2018. Costs of services provided for Dietary, as a percentage of Dietary revenues, increased to ~~94.5%~~94.7% for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 from ~~94.2%~~94.1% in the corresponding period in ~~2016.~~2018.

The following table provides a comparison of the key indicators we consider when managing ~~the~~ costs of services provided at the segment level, as a percentage of the respective ~~segment~~segment’s revenues:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
Costs of Services Provided - Key Indicators as a % of Segment Revenue	2019	2018	Change
Housekeeping labor and other labor-related costs	79.3%	78.8%	0.5%
Housekeeping supplies	7.6%	8.0%	(0.4)%
Dietary labor and other labor-related costs	62.7%	57.1%	5.6%
Dietary supplies	29.6%	34.9%	(5.3)%

Nine Months Ended September 30,
Costs of Services Provided-Key Indicators as a % of Segment Revenue 2017 2016 Change
Housekeeping labor and other labor-related costs 80.0 % 80.0 % — %
Housekeeping supplies 8.0 % 7.8 % 0.2 %
Dietary labor and other labor-related costs 55.9 % 53.5 % 2.4 %
Dietary supplies 36.6 % 38.1 % (1.5 )%

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Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Excluding the change in the deferred compensation plan described below, consolidated selling, general and administrative expense increased $12.7 million or 16.5% during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, related primarily to our overall growth.

Included in selling, general and administrative expense are gains and losses associated with changes in the value of investments under the deferred compensation ~~plan that~~plan. These investments represent the amounts held on behalf of the participating ~~employees. Changes~~employees and changes in the value of these investments affect the amount of our deferred compensation liability. Gains on the plan investments during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 increased our total selling, general and administrative expense for these periods.

Excluding the change in the deferred compensation plan described above, consolidated selling, general and administrative expense increased $8.0 million or 12.0% of consolidated revenues, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the corresponding period in 2018. The increase was primarily a result of increased legal and other professional fees incurred in connection with the Company's internal investigation related to the Securities and Exchange Commission's inquiry regarding the Company's earnings per share calculation practices.

The table below summarizes the changes in these components of selling, general and administrative expense:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		$ Change		% Change
	(in thousands)
Selling, general and administrative expense excluding change in deferred compensation liability	$	74,771	$	66,777	$	7,994	12.0	%
Gain on deferred compensation plan investments	4,939		1,118		3,821		341.8	%
Selling, general and administrative expense	$	79,710	$	67,895	$	11,815	17.4	%

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 2016 $ Change % Change
(in thousands)
Selling, general and administrative expense excluding change in deferred compensation liability
$ 89,766
$ 77,078
$ 12,688
16.5 %
Gain on deferred compensation plan investments 3,375
1,114
2,261
203.0 %
Selling, general and administrative expense $ 93,141
$ 78,192
$ 14,949
19.1 %

Consolidated Investment and Interest Income, net

Investment and ~~interest~~other income increased ~~77.5%~~50.4% for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 compared to the corresponding ~~2016~~2018 period, primarily due to favorable market fluctuations in the value of our trading security investments representing the funding for our deferred compensation plan. Realized gains and losses on our available-for-sale municipal bonds also impacted consolidated investment income.

Consolidated Interest Expense

Consolidated interest expense increased 28.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the corresponding 2018 period, due to an increase in the Company's costs of borrowing under its $475 million bank line of credit compared to the Company's previous credit agreement which expired during the fourth quarter of 2018.

Consolidated Income Taxes

~~For~~During the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017, our~~2019 and 2018, the Company recognized a provision for income taxes of $8.2 million and $6.0 million, respectively.

The actual annual effective tax rate ~~was 30.8% compared to 36.5%~~will be impacted by the tax effects of option exercises or vested awards, which are treated as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur, and therefore cannot be considered in the calculation of the estimated annual effective tax rate. The impact on our income tax provision for the 2016 period. In the first quarter 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2016-09, under which excess tax benefits related to share-based payments were recognized as a component of income tax expense, as opposed to additional paid-in capital, resulting in a decrease in 2017 income tax expense. Differences between the effective tax rate and the applicable U.S. federal statutory rate generally arise primarily from the effect of state and local income taxes, share-based compensation and tax credits available to the Company.six months ended June 30, 2019 for such discrete items was not material.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash generated through operations is our primary source of liquidity. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2019, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of ~~$81.4~~$95.7 million and working capital of ~~$340.2~~$357.6 million, compared to December 31, ~~2016~~2018 cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of ~~$91.6~~$102.4 million and working capital of $313.8 million. The increase in working capital is driven by growth in new business and by the timing of payments and cash receipts as of September 30, 2017 as compared with December 31, 2016. As of September 30, 2017, we had an unused line of credit of $200.8$344.7 million. Our current ratio was ~~2.9~~3.4 to 1 at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 versus ~~4.1~~3.1 to 1 at December 31, ~~2016.~~2018.

For the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, our cash flows were as follows:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	20,339	$	27,395
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(3,498)	$	(6,028)
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(26,710)	$	(17,769)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 3,122
$ 37,898
Net cash used in investing activities $ (10,077 ) $ (14,345 )
Net cash used in financing activities $ (5,893 ) $ (32,415 )

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Operating Activities

Our primary sources of cash from operating activities are the revenues generated from our Housekeeping and Dietary ~~department~~ services. Our primary uses of cash ~~for~~from operating activities are the funding of our payroll and other personnel-related costs, as well as the costs of supplies used in providing our services. The timing of cash receipts and cash payments are the primary drivers of the period-over-period changes in net cash provided by operating activities.

Investing Activities

~~The~~Our principal uses of cash for investing activities are the purchases of marketable securities and capital expenditures such as those for housekeeping and food service equipment, computer software and equipment, and furniture and fixtures (see “Capital Expenditures” below for additional information). Such uses of cash are partially offset by proceeds from sales of marketable securities.

Our investments in marketable securities are primarily comprised of tax-exempt municipal bonds and are intended to achieve our goal of preserving principal, maintaining adequate liquidity and maximizing returns subject to our investment guidelines. Our investment policy limits investment to certain types of instruments issued by institutions primarily with investment-grade ratings and places restrictions on concentration by type and issuer.

Financing Activities

The primary use of cash for financing activities is the payment of dividends. We have paid regular quarterly cash dividends since the second quarter of 2003. During ~~2017,~~2019, we paid ~~to shareholders~~ regular quarterly cash dividends to shareholders totaling ~~$41.3~~$29.3 million as follows:


	Quarter Ended
	June 30, 2019		March 31, 2019
	(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Cash dividend paid per common share	$	0.19750	$	0.19625
Total cash dividends paid	$	14,688	$	14,588
Record date	May 24, 2019		February 15, 2019
Payment date	June 28, 2019		March 22, 2019

The dividends paid to shareholders during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 were funded by ~~the existing~~ cash ~~cash equivalents and marketable securities held by the Company.~~generated from operations. Our Board of Directors reviews our dividend policy on a quarterly basis. Although there can be no assurance that we will continue to pay dividends or regarding the amount of ~~the~~future dividend payments, we expect to continue to pay a regular

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quarterly cash dividend. ~~Partially offsetting~~In connection with the ~~cash used to pay dividends are the proceeds received from the exercise~~establishment of ~~stock options by employees and directors.~~our dividend policy, we adopted a Dividend Reinvestment Plan in 2003.

The primary source of cash from financing activities is the net borrowings under our bank line of credit. We borrow for general corporate purposes as needed throughout the year. The outstanding short-term borrowings balance as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 relates to cash flow requirements due to the timing of cash receipts and cash payments. Another source of cash from financing activities are the proceeds from the exercise of stock options by employees and directors.

We remain authorized to repurchase 1.7 million shares of our Common Stock pursuant to previous Board of Directors’ authorization. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, we repurchased our Common Stock as part of the dividend reinvestment related to treasury shares held within the Deferred Compensation Plan. The number of shares and value of shares repurchased were immaterial for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

Line of Credit

At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2019, we had a ~~$300~~$475 million bank line of credit on which to draw for general corporate purposes. ~~The amounts~~Amounts drawn under the line of credit are payable upon ~~demand.~~demand and generally bear interest at a floating rate, based on our leverage ratio, and starting at LIBOR plus 115 basis points (or if LIBOR becomes unavailable, the higher of the Overnight Bank Funding Rate, plus 50 basis points and the Prime Rate). At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2019, there were ~~$25.0~~$30.0 million in borrowings under the line of credit.

The line of credit requires us to satisfy two financial covenants. The covenants and their respective status at June 30, 2019 were as follows:


Covenant Descriptions and Requirements						As of June 30, 2019
Funded debt ¹ to EBITDA ² ratio: less than 3.50 to 1.00						0.62
EBITDA to Interest Expense ratio: not less than 3.00 to 1.00						35.05

1.All indebtedness for borrowed money including, but not limited to, capitalized lease obligations, reimbursement obligations in respect of letters of credit and guarantees of any such indebtedness.

2.Net income plus interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation, amortization, stock compensation expense and extraordinary non-recurring losses/gains.

As noted above, we were in compliance with our financial covenants at June 30, 2019 and we expect to remain in compliance. The line of credit expires on December 21, 2023.

At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2019, we also had outstanding ~~$74.2~~$62.7 million in irrevocable standby letters of credit, which relate to payment obligations under our insurance programs. In connection with the issuance of the letters of credit, the amount available under the line of credit was reduced by $74.2 million to $200.8 million at September 30, 2017. The letters of credit were increased to $77.6 million on October 2, 2017.

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~~The line of credit requires us to satisfy one financial covenant. The covenant and its respective status at September 30, 2017 was as follows:~~



~~Covenant Description and Requirement~~		~~As of September 30, 2017~~
~~Funded debt~~ ⁽¹⁾ ~~to EBITDA~~⁽²⁾ ~~ratio: less than 3.00 to 1.00~~		~~0.72~~


⁽¹⁾	~~All indebtedness for borrowed money, including but not limited to, capitalized lease obligations, reimbursement obligations in respect of letters of credit and guaranties of any such indebtedness.~~


⁽²⁾	~~Net income plus interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation, amortization and extraordinary non-recurring losses/gains.~~

~~As noted above, we were in compliance with our financial covenant at September 30, 2017 and we expect to remain in compliance. The line of credit expires on December 18, 2018.~~

Accounts and Notes Receivable

~~Any decision~~Decisions to grant or to extend credit isto customers are made on a case-by-case basis and is based on a number of qualitative and quantitative factors related to the particular client as well as the general risks associated with operating within the ~~long-term care~~healthcare industry.

~~Our net accounts and notes receivable balance increased from December 31, 2016. Such fluctuations~~Fluctuations in net accounts and notes receivable are attributable to a variety of factors including, but not limited to, the timing of cash receipts from customers, the Company’s assessment of collectability and corresponding provision for bad debt expense and the inception, transition or termination of client relationships.

There are a variety of factors that impact our clients’ ability to pay us in accordance with our agreements. Primary among these factors is our clients’ participation in programs funded by federal and state governmental agencies. Deviations in the timing or amounts of reimbursements under those programs can impact our clients’ cash flows and the timing of their payments to us. The payment terms in our service agreements are not contingent upon our clients’ cash flows and notwithstanding our efforts to minimize credit risk exposure, various factors affecting our clients’ cash flows could have an indirect, yet material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

We deploy significant resources and have invested in tools and processes to optimize our credit and collections efforts. When appropriate, we utilize interest-bearing promissory notes as an alternative to accounts receivable to further enhance the collectability of amounts due by ~~providing a definitive repayment plan~~memorializing the amount and ~~providing a means by~~related payment schedule as well as securing additional business protections and guarantees.

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Summarized below are the balances in our allowance for doubtful accounts, along with the provision for bad debts and net write-offs for each quarter during the six months ended June 30, 2019. The aggregate client account balances to which ~~to further evidence~~ the ~~amounts owed. At September 30, 2017 and~~reserve balances relate totaled $115.7 million, $134.0 million, $115.7 million as of December 31, ~~2016, we had $31.9 million~~2018, March 30, 2019 and ~~$19.2 million,~~June 30, 2019, respectively.


	Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
	(in thousands)
Balance December 31, 2018	$	57,209
Provision for bad debts	18,470
Net write-offs of client accounts receivable	(7,049)
Balance March 31, 2019	68,630
Provision for bad debts	2,995
Net write-offs of client accounts receivable	(18,206)
Balance June 30, 2019	$	53,419

We evaluate our notes receivable for impairment quarterly and on an individual client basis. Notes receivable are generally evaluated for impairment when the respective clients are in bankruptcy, are subject to collections activity or are slow payers that are experiencing financial difficulties. In the event that the evaluation results in a determination that a note receivable is impaired, it is valued at the present value of expected future cash flows or at the market value of related collateral.

A summary schedule of our impaired notes receivable, net of ~~reserves, respectively,~~interest, and the related reserve of such ~~promissory~~ notes, outstanding. In addition, we may assist our clients who are adjusting to changes in their cash flows by amending our agreements from full-service to management-only arrangements, or by modifying contractual payment terms to accommodate clients who have in good faith established clearly-defined plans for addressing cash flow issues. These efforts are intended to minimize our collections risk while maintaining our relationships with our clients.

~~In order to provide for collections issues and the general risk associated with the granting of credit terms, we recorded a bad debt provision (in an Allowance for Doubtful Accounts) of $4.0 million~~ for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a bad debt provision of $3.2 million. As a percentage of total revenues, these provisions represent approximately 0.3% for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.2019 is as follows:


	Balance December 31, 2018		Additions		Deductions		Balance June 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Impaired notes receivable	$	25,704	$	3,302	$	(527)	$	28,479
Reserve for impaired notes receivable	$	13,472	$	2,927	$	(497)	$	15,902

Capital Expenditures

The level of capital expenditures is generally dependent on the number of new clients obtained. Such capital expenditures primarily consist of housekeeping and food service equipment purchases, laundry and linen equipment installations, computer hardware and software, and furniture and fixtures. Although we have no specific material commitments for capital expenditures through the end of calendar year ~~2017,~~2019, we estimate that for ~~2017~~2019 we will have capital expenditures of approximately ~~$4.5~~$5.0 million to ~~$6.0~~$7.0 million. We believe that our cash from operations, existing cash and cash equivalents balance and credit line will be adequate for the foreseeable future to satisfy the needs of our operations and to fund our anticipated growth. However, should these sources not be sufficient, we would seek to obtain necessary capital from such sources as long-term debt or equity financing.

Material Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no material off-balance sheet arrangements, other than our irrevocable standby letter of credit previously discussed.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our significant accounting policies are described in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2018. As described in such notes, we recognize revenue in the period in which the performance obligation is satisfied. Refer to our Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 18, 2019.

In preparing our financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that, among other things, affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are most significant where they involve levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or matters susceptible to change, and where they can have a material impact on our financial condition and operating performance. If actual results were to differ materially from the estimates made, the reported results could be materially affected.

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Critical accounting estimates and the related assumptions are evaluated periodically as conditions warrant, and changes to such estimates are recorded as new information or changed conditions require.

New Accounting Standard Updates

See Note 1—Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies herein to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a full description of recent accounting standard updates, including the expected dates of adoption.

Item 3. Quantitative and QualitativeDisclosures About Market Risk

At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2019, we had ~~$81.4~~$95.7 million in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. The fair values of all of our cash equivalents and marketable securities are determined based on “Level 1” or “Level 2” inputs, which are based upon quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market. We place our cash investments in instruments that meet credit quality standards, as specified in our investment policy guidelines.

Investments in both fixed-rate and floating-rate investments carry a degree of interest rate risk. The market value of fixed rate securities may be adversely impacted by an increase in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fall short of expectations due to changes in interest rates or if there is a decline in the fair value of our investments.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are intended to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), such as this Form 10-Q, is reported in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission rules. Disclosure controls are also intended to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to Management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Based on their evaluation as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2019, pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b), our Management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believe our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act 13a-15(e)) are effective.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

~~In connection~~During the first quarter of 2019, the Company implemented a new Enterprise Resource Planning system ("ERP"). As a result of this implementation, the Company modified certain existing internal controls as well as implemented new controls and procedures related to the new ERP. The Company continued to evaluate the design and operating effectiveness of these internal controls during the second quarter of 2019.

Except with respect to the ~~evaluation pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(d)~~continued implementation of ~~our~~the ERP, there were no changes in the Company's internal ~~control~~controls over financial reporting ~~(as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) by our Management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, no changes during~~that occurred the ~~quarter~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017 were identified~~2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, ~~our~~the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Company continues to review its disclosure controls and procedures, including its internal control over financial reporting, and may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing their effectiveness and to ensure that the Company’s systems evolve with its business.

Certifications

Certifications of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer regarding, among other items, disclosure controls and procedures are included as exhibits to this Form 10-Q.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

In the normal course of business, ~~Healthcare Services Group, Inc. (the “Company”)~~the Company is involved in various administrative and legal proceedings, including labor and employment, contracts, personal injury, and insurance matters. ~~The Company believes it~~

As previously disclosed, the SEC is ~~not~~conducting an investigation into our EPS calculation practices. Following receipt of a ~~party~~letter from the SEC in November 2017 regarding its inquiry into those practices followed by a subpoena in March 2018, we authorized our outside counsel to ~~nor are any~~conduct an internal investigation, under the direction of ~~its properties the subject of, any pending legal proceeding or governmental examination that would have a material adverse effect on~~ the Company’s ~~consolidated financial condition~~Audit Committee, into matters related to the SEC subpoena. This investigation was completed in March 2019 and we continue to cooperate with the SEC’s investigation.

On March 22, 2019, a putative shareholder class action lawsuit was filed against the Company and our Chief Executive Officer in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The complaint, which was filed by a plaintiff purportedly on behalf of all purchasers of our securities between April 11, 2017 and March 4, 2019, alleges violations of the federal securities laws in connection with the matters related to our EPS calculation practices. The plaintiffs seek unspecified monetary damages and other relief.

While the Company is vigorously defending against all litigation claims asserted, this litigation—along with the ongoing SEC investigation—could result in substantial costs to the Company and a diversion of the Company’s management’s attention and resources, which could harm its business. In addition, the uncertainty of the pending lawsuit or ~~liquidity. However,~~potential filing of additional lawsuits could lead to more volatility and a reduction in the Company’s stock price. Given the early stage of the litigation, at this time the Company is unable to reasonably estimate possible losses or form a judgment that an unfavorable outcome is either probable or remote.

In light of the uncertainties involved in such proceedings, the ultimate outcome of a particular matter could become material to the Company’s results of operations for a particular period depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of the Company’s operating income for that period.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

~~During the nine months ended September 30,~~The SEC’s investigation into our earnings per share (“EPS”) calculation practices could result in potential sanctions or penalties, distraction to our management and result in further litigation from third parties, each of which could adversely affect or cause variability in our financial results.

Beginning in November 2017, the Company has been in dialogue with the SEC regarding EPS calculation, rounding and reporting practices and in March 2018 we learned that the SEC had ~~one client,~~opened a ~~multi-state provider, which accounted for approximately 16%~~formal investigation into these matters. In response to the SEC’s investigation, during the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company authorized its outside counsel to conduct an internal investigation, under the direction of the Company’s ~~total consolidated revenues,~~Audit Committee regarding these matters. The internal investigation was completed in March 2019 and ~~another client which accounted~~prior to the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for ~~approximately 9%~~the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.

Notwithstanding the completion of the ~~Company’s total consolidated revenues. These are among several major clients that contribute significantly to~~internal investigation, the ~~Company’s total consolidated revenues. Although the Company expects to continue its relationships with these clients,~~SEC’s investigation is ongoing and there can be no assurance ~~thereof.~~that the SEC or another regulatory body will not make further regulatory inquiries or pursue further action that could result in significant costs and expenses including potential sanctions or penalties as well as distraction to management. The ~~loss, individually~~ ongoing SEC investigation and/or any related litigation could adversely affect or cause variability in our financial results.

On March 22, 2019, a putative shareholder class action lawsuit alleging violations of the federal securities laws was filed against the Company and our Chief Executive Officer in the ~~aggregate,~~U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania in connection with the matters related to the SEC investigation. Please refer to “Item 1. Legal Proceedings” and “Note 15—Other Contingencies ” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q for more information. We cannot predict the outcome of the lawsuit, the magnitude of any potential losses or the effect such ~~clients,~~litigation may have on us or aour operations. Regardless of the outcome, lawsuits and investigations involving us, or our current or former officers and directors, could result in significant ~~reduction~~expenses and divert attention and resources of our management and other key employees. We could be required to pay damages or other penalties or have injunctions or other equitable remedies imposed against us or our current or former directors and officers including any obligation to indemnify our current and former directors and officers in connection with lawsuits, governmental investigations and related litigation or settlement amounts. Such amounts could exceed the ~~revenues~~coverage provided under our insurance policies. Any of these factors could harm our reputation, business, financial condition, results of

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operations or cash flows. In addition, the Company ~~receives~~may be subject to further litigation from ~~such clients, could have a material adverse effect on~~third parties related to the ~~Company’s results of operations. In addition, if any of these clients change or alter current payment terms, it could increase~~matters under review by the ~~Company’s accounts receivable balance and have a material adverse effect on the Company’s cash flows.~~SEC.

There have been no other material changes in the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~2018.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

On July 11, 2017, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Committed Line of Credit Note to increase the existing bank line and letter of credit availability to $300 million. There were no other changes to the terms of the line of credit and amounts drawn under the line of credit remain payable upon demand. The proceeds available under the facility will be used for general corporate purposes.Not applicable.

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Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of this Report:



Exhibit Number		Description
~~10.1~~31.1		~~Amended and Restated Committed Line of Credit Note, dated as of July 11, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017)~~
~~31.1~~	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
31.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
32.1		Certification of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
101		The following financial information from the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2019 formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting ~~Language (XBRL)~~Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant had duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


			HEALTHCARE SERVICES GROUP, INC.

Date:		July 26, 2019	~~HEALTHCARE SERVICES GROUP, INC.~~

~~Date:~~	~~October 27, 2017~~	/s/ Theodore Wahl
			Theodore Wahl
			President & Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)

Date:		~~October 27, 2017~~July 26, 2019	/s/ John C. Shea
			John C. Shea
			Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)



Pennsylvania		23-2018365
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(~~I.R.S~~I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

~~3220 Tillman Drive, Suite 300, Bensalem, PA~~	~~19020~~
~~(Address of principal executive offices)~~	~~(Zip Code)~~


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value	HCSG	NASDAQ Global Select Market



	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	11,005		$	23,853
Marketable securities, at fair value	70,384			67,730
Accounts and notes receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $9,795 as of September 30, 2017 and $6,911 as of December 31, 2016	367,009			271,276
Inventories and supplies	41,516			37,800
Prepaid expenses and other assets	25,628			13,965
Total current assets	515,542			414,624
Property and equipment, net	13,499			13,455
Goodwill	51,084			44,438
Other intangible assets, less accumulated amortization of $11,659 as of September 30, 2017 and $14,672 as of December 31, 2016	32,075			14,409
Notes receivable — long term portion	11,495			7,531
Deferred compensation funding, at fair value	27,387			24,119
Deferred income taxes	9,196			9,822
Other noncurrent assets	1,264			48
Total Assets	$	661,542		$	528,446

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	62,323		$	42,912
Accrued payroll, accrued and withheld payroll taxes	48,786			22,303
Other accrued expenses	3,665			4,397
Borrowings under line of credit	25,000			—
Income taxes payable	10,781			7,686
Accrued insurance claims	24,827			23,573
Total current liabilities	175,382			100,871
Accrued insurance claims — long term portion	67,818			64,080
Deferred compensation liability	27,886			24,653
Commitments and contingencies
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Common stock, $.01 par value; 100,000 shares authorized; 74,791 and 74,204 shares issued, and 73,265 and 72,601 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	748			742
Additional paid-in capital	241,008			217,664
Retained earnings	157,678			130,940
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes	844			(319		)
Common stock in treasury, at cost, 1,525 shares as of September 30, 2017 and 1,603 shares as of December 31, 2016	(9,822		)	(10,185		)
Total stockholders’ equity	$	390,456		$	338,842
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	661,542		$	528,446



	As of September 30, 2017
					Fair Value Measurement Using:
	Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
Financial Assets:
Marketable securities
Municipal bonds — available-for-sale	$	70,384	$	70,384	$	—	$	70,384	$	—

Deferred compensation fund
Money Market⁽¹⁾	$	2,378	$	2,378	$	—	$	2,378	$	—
Balanced and Lifestyle	8,181		8,181		8,181		—		—
Large Cap Growth	7,227		7,227		7,227		—		—
Small Cap Growth	3,359		3,359		3,359		—		—
Fixed Income	3,038		3,038		3,038		—		—
International	1,471		1,471		1,471		—		—
Mid Cap Growth	1,733		1,733		1,733		—		—
Deferred compensation fund	$	27,387	$	27,387	$	25,009	$	2,378	$	—



	As of December 31, 2016
					Fair Value Measurement Using:
	Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
Financial Assets:
Marketable securities
Municipal bonds — available-for-sale	$	67,730	$	67,730	$	—	$	67,730	$	—

Deferred compensation fund
Money Market ⁽¹⁾	$	3,147	$	3,147	$	—	$	3,147	$	—
Balanced and Lifestyle	7,162		7,162		7,162		—		—
Large Cap Growth	5,583		5,583		5,583		—		—
Small Cap Growth	2,933		2,933		2,933		—		—
Fixed Income	2,752		2,752		2,752		—		—
International	1,132		1,132		1,132		—		—
Mid Cap Growth	1,410		1,410		1,410		—		—
Deferred compensation fund	$	24,119	$	24,119	$	20,972	$	3,147	$	—



	Nine Months Ended
	2017		2016
Risk-free interest rate	2.0	%	2.0	%
Weighted average expected life (years)	5.8 years		5.8 years
Expected volatility	25.1	%	26.0	%
Dividend yield	1.9	%	2.0	%



	Units	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2016	—	$	—
Granted	88	$	40.16
Vested	—	$	—
Forfeited	—	$	—
September 30, 2017	88	$	40.16



	Quarter Ended
	March 31, 2017		June 30, 2017		September 30, 2017
	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Cash dividends paid per common share	$	0.18625	$	0.18750	$	0.18875
Total cash dividends paid	$	13,624	$	13,750	$	13,883
Record date	February 17, 2017		May 19, 2017		August 18, 2017
Payment date	March 24, 2017		June 23, 2017		September 22, 2017



	Three Months Ended September 30,
Costs of Services Provided-Key Indicators as a % of Consolidated Revenue	2017	2016	Change
Bad debt provision	0.4%	0.3%	0.1%
Workers’ compensation and general liability insurance	2.6%	2.7%	(0.1)%



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	3,122		$	37,898
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(10,077	)	$	(14,345	)
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(5,893	)	$	(32,415	)