UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024


¨			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to________

Commission File Number 001-09240

TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)


Nevada			94-6565852
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1603 Lyndon B. Johnson Freeway, Suite 800, Dallas, Texas 75234

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(469) 522-4200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	TCI	NYSE

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐	Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes x No.

As of ~~November~~May 9, ~~2023,~~2024, there were 8,639,316 shares of common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents

TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		PAGE

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements

	Consolidated Balance Sheets at ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and December 31, ~~2022~~2023	3

	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2024 and 2023 ~~and 2022~~	4

	Consolidated Statements of Equity for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2024 and 2023 ~~and 2022~~	5

	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2024 and 2023 ~~and 2022~~	6

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	7

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2018

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks	2723

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	2723

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	2724

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	2724

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	2724

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	2824

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	2824

Item 5.	Other Information	2824

Item 6.	Exhibits	2925

Signatures		3127

Table of Contents

TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(dollars in thousands, except share and par value amounts)

(Unaudited)


		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	March 31, 2024					March 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Assets	Assets
Real estate
Real estate
Real estate	Real estate	$	502,031	$	493,821
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	47,182		113,424
Restricted cash	Restricted cash	36,145		108,883
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	134,185		119,787
Notes receivable (including $66,630 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 from related parties)		135,410		129,304
Notes receivable (including $63,012 and $65,057 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, from related parties)
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture	Investment in unconsolidated joint venture	786		20,904
Receivables from related parties, net		132,265		147,142
Other assets (including $3,126 at September 30, 2023 and $4,040 at December 31, 2022 from related parties)		92,410		84,900
Receivables from related party
Other assets (including $890 and $1,742 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, from related parties)
Total assets	Total assets	$	1,080,414	$	1,218,165
Liabilities and Equity	Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities:	Liabilities:
Liabilities:
Liabilities:
Mortgages and other notes payable	Mortgages and other notes payable	$	178,886	$	184,462
Bonds payable		—		129,218
Accounts payable and other liabilities (including $1,025 at September 30, 2023 and $599 at December 31, 2022 to related parties)		48,502		58,094
Mortgages and other notes payable
Mortgages and other notes payable
Accounts payable and other liabilities (including $1,022 and $1,016 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, to related parties)
Accrued interest	Accrued interest	2,480		5,198
Deferred revenue	Deferred revenue	581		581
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	230,449		377,553
Equity	Equity
Shareholders' Equity:	Shareholders' Equity:
Shareholders' Equity:
Shareholders' Equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 8,639,316 shares issued and outstanding
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 8,639,316 shares issued and outstanding
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 8,639,316 shares issued and outstanding	Common stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 8,639,316 shares issued and outstanding	86		86
Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital	260,387		260,387
Retained earnings	Retained earnings	567,492		558,994
Total shareholders' equity	Total shareholders' equity	827,965		819,467
Noncontrolling interest	Noncontrolling interest	22,000		21,145
Total equity	Total equity	849,965		840,612
Total liabilities and equity	Total liabilities and equity	$	1,080,414	$	1,218,165

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023		2022			2023		2022
				Three Months Ended March 31,
				Three Months Ended March 31,
				Three Months Ended March 31,
						2024					2024	2023
Revenues:	Revenues:
Rental revenues (including $232 and $223 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $731 and $702 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, from related parties)		$	11,838	$	7,570		$	34,236	$	22,310
Rental revenues (including $178 and $268 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from related parties)
Rental revenues (including $178 and $268 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from related parties)
Rental revenues (including $178 and $268 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from related parties)
Other income	Other income	687		749			2,216		1,566
Total revenue	Total revenue	12,525		8,319			36,452		23,876
Expenses:	Expenses:
Property operating expenses (including $97 and $110 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $296 and $337 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, from related parties)		7,443		4,701			20,580		12,541
Property operating expenses (including $80 and $100 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from related parties)
Property operating expenses (including $80 and $100 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from related parties)
Property operating expenses (including $80 and $100 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from related parties)
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	3,313		2,193			9,615		6,840
General and administrative (including $796 and $1,199 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $2,854 and $3,133 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, from related parties)		1,432		2,756			7,836		7,348
General and administrative (including $914 and $1,431 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from related parties)
Advisory fee to related party	Advisory fee to related party	2,112		1,434			6,282		6,885
Total operating expenses	Total operating expenses	14,300		11,084			44,313		33,614
Net operating loss	Net operating loss	(1,775)		(2,765)			(7,861)		(9,738)
Interest income (including $5,522 and $4,486 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $15,962 and $11,784 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, from related parties)		9,676		7,379			26,998		17,162
Interest income (including $2,692 and $5,137 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from related parties)
Interest expense	Interest expense	(1,902)		(3,992)			(7,415)		(13,142)
Gain on foreign currency transactions	Gain on foreign currency transactions	—		1,533			993		19,437
Loss on early extinguishment of debt		—		(1,166)			(1,710)		(2,805)

Equity in income from unconsolidated joint venture	Equity in income from unconsolidated joint venture	85		464,085			798		470,428
Gain on sale or write-down of assets, net		—		1,539			188		16,580
Equity in income from unconsolidated joint venture
Equity in income from unconsolidated joint venture

Income tax provision
Income tax provision
Income tax provision	Income tax provision	(1,322)		(88,037)			(2,638)		(88,105)
Net income	Net income	4,762		378,576			9,353		409,817
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(311)		(225)			(855)		(503)
Net income attributable to the Company	Net income attributable to the Company	$	4,451	$	378,351		$	8,498	$	409,314

Earnings per share - basic and diluted	Earnings per share - basic and diluted	$	0.52	$	43.79		$	0.98	$	47.38
Earnings per share - basic and diluted
Earnings per share - basic and diluted
Weighted average common shares used in computing earnings per share - basic and diluted	Weighted average common shares used in computing earnings per share - basic and diluted	8,639,316		8,639,316			8,639,316		8,639,316

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

(dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)

Common Stock Additional Paid-in
Capital Retained
Earnings Total Shareholders' Equity Noncontrolling
Interest Total Equity
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Balance, July 1, 2023 $ 86 $ 260,387 $ 563,041 $ 823,514 $ 21,689 $ 845,203
Net income — — 4,451 4,451 311 4,762
Balance, September 30, 2023 $ 86 $ 260,387 $ 567,492 $ 827,965 $ 22,000 $ 849,965
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Balance, July 1, 2022 $ 86 $ 260,387 $ 121,695 $ 382,168 $ 20,681 $ 402,849
Net income — — 378,351 378,351 225 378,576
Balance, September 30, 2022 $ 86 $ 260,387 $ 500,046 $ 760,519 $ 20,906 $ 781,425
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Balance, January 1, 2023 $ 86 $ 260,387 $ 558,994 $ 819,467 $ 21,145 $ 840,612
Net income — — 8,498 8,498 855 9,353
Balance, September 30, 2023 $ 86 $ 260,387 $ 567,492 $ 827,965 $ 22,000 $ 849,965
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Balance, January 1, 2022 $ 86 $ 260,387 $ 90,732 $ 351,205 $ 20,403 $ 371,608
Net income — — 409,314 409,314 503 409,817
Balance, September 30, 2022 $ 86 $ 260,387 $ 500,046 $ 760,519 $ 20,906 $ 781,425


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Total Shareholders' Equity		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity










Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Balance, January 1, 2024		$	86	$	260,990	$	564,931	$	826,007	$	20,947	$	846,954
Net income		—		—		2,549		2,549		208		2,757
Repurchase of treasury shares by IOR		—		—		—		—		(587)		(587)
Adjustment to noncontrolling interest		—		299		—		299		(299)		—
Balance, March 31, 2024		$	86	$	261,289	$	567,480	$	828,855	$	20,269	$	849,124
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Balance, January 1, 2023		$	86	$	260,387	$	558,994	$	819,467	$	21,145	$	840,612
Net income		—		—		3,517		3,517		198		3,715

Balance, March 31, 2023		$	86	$	260,387	$	562,511	$	822,984	$	21,343	$	844,327

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)


		Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023		2022
	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024					2024		2023
Cash Flow From Operating Activities:	Cash Flow From Operating Activities:
Net income	Net income	$	9,353	$	409,817
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Gain on sale or write down of assets		(188)		(16,580)
Net income
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

Gain on foreign currency transactions	Gain on foreign currency transactions	(993)		(19,437)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt		1,710		2,805

Gain on foreign currency transactions

Gain on foreign currency transactions

Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	10,518		9,409
Provision for bad debts	Provision for bad debts	875		298
Equity in income from unconsolidated joint venture	Equity in income from unconsolidated joint venture	(798)		(470,428)
Distribution of income from unconsolidated joint venture		—		2,600
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of dispositions:

Changes in assets and liabilities:
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Other assets	Other assets	(9,980)		(282)
Related party receivables		(5,291)		(6,523)
Other assets
Other assets
Related party receivable
Interest payable	Interest payable	(1,872)		(4,503)
Accounts payable and other liabilities	Accounts payable and other liabilities	4,512		87,430
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		7,846		(5,394)
Net cash provided by operating activities
Cash Flow From Investing Activities:	Cash Flow From Investing Activities:
Collection of notes receivable	Collection of notes receivable	394		2,726
Originations and advances on notes receivable		(6,500)		(2,118)
Collection of notes receivable
Collection of notes receivable

Purchase of short-term investments
Purchase of short-term investments
Purchase of short-term investments	Purchase of short-term investments	(89,566)		(99,350)
Redemption of short-term investments	Redemption of short-term investments	75,168		40,250

Development and renovation of real estate	Development and renovation of real estate	(9,876)		(11,834)
Development and renovation of real estate
Development and renovation of real estate
Deferred leasing costs	Deferred leasing costs	(290)		(1,163)
Proceeds from sale of assets		188		44,591

Distributions from unconsolidated joint venture	Distributions from unconsolidated joint venture	20,916		180,248
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(9,566)		153,350

Distributions from unconsolidated joint venture

Distributions from unconsolidated joint venture
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
Cash Flow From Financing Activities:	Cash Flow From Financing Activities:

Payments on mortgages, other notes and bonds payable	Payments on mortgages, other notes and bonds payable	(136,809)		(70,170)
Debt extinguishment costs		(435)		(1,354)

Payments on mortgages, other notes and bonds payable

Payments on mortgages, other notes and bonds payable
Repurchase of IOR shares

Deferred financing costs
Deferred financing costs
Deferred financing costs	Deferred financing costs	(16)		—

Net cash used in financing activities	Net cash used in financing activities	(137,260)		(71,524)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(138,980)		76,432
Net cash used in financing activities
Net cash used in financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	222,307		72,721
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	83,327	$	149,153

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

1. Organization

As used herein, the terms “the Company”, “we”, “our”, or “us” refer to Transcontinental Realty Investors, Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was formed in 1984. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “TCI”. We are owned approximately 78% by American Realty Investors, Inc. (“ARL”), whose common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol “ARL”, and 7% by the controlling shareholder of ARL.

Our primary business is the acquisition, development and ownership of income-producing residential and commercial real estate properties. In addition, we opportunistically acquire land for future development in in-fill or high-growth suburban markets. From time to time, and when we believe it appropriate to do so, we will also sell land and income-producing properties. We generate revenues by leasing apartment units to residents, and leasing office, industrial and retail space to various for-profit businesses as well as certain local, state and federal agencies. We also generate income from the sales of income-producing properties and land.

Substantially all of our assets are held by our wholly-owned subsidiary, Southern Properties Capital Ltd. (“SPC”), which was formed for the purpose of raising funds by issuing non-convertible bonds that were listed on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange ("TASE").

At ~~September 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, our portfolio of properties consisted of:

● Four office buildings comprising in aggregate of approximately 1,056,793 square feet;

● Fourteen multifamily properties, owned directly by us, comprising of 2,328 units; and

● Approximately ~~1,858~~1,843 acres of developed and undeveloped land.

Our day to day operations are managed by Pillar Income Asset Management, Inc. (“Pillar”). Pillar's duties include, but are not limited to, locating, evaluating and recommending real estate and real estate-related investment opportunities, asset management, property development, construction management and arranging debt and equity financing with third party lenders and investors. We have no employees; all of our services are performed by Pillar employees. Three of our commercial properties are managed by Regis Realty Prime, LLC (“Regis”). Regis provides leasing ~~construction management~~ and brokerage services. Our multifamily properties and one of our commercial properties are managed by outside management companies. Pillar and Regis are considered to be related parties (See Note 1412 – Related Party Transactions).

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Short-Term Investments

We account for our investment in corporate bonds and demand notes (collectively "debt securities") as held-to-maturity securities as we have the intent and the ability to hold these securities until maturity. Accordingly, our debt securities are carried at their amortized cost. The discount on these debt securities are amortized into interest income on a straight-line basis over the term of the underlying notes, which approximate the effective interest method.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations, although management believes the disclosures are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring matters) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operation. An adjustment has been made to reclassify ~~$708 and $1,645~~$944 interest expense to related ~~parties~~party for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2022, respectively,~~March 31, 2023 from interest expense to interest income on the consolidated statements of operations.

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TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, ~~2022~~2023 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2022. Certain 2022 consolidated financial statement amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.~~2023.

We consolidate entities in which we are considered to be the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) or have a majority of the voting interest of the entity. We have determined that we are a primary beneficiary of the VIE when we have (i) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impacts its economic performance, and (ii) the obligations to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary, we consider qualitative and quantitative factors, including ownership interest, management representation, ability to control decision and other contractual rights.

We account for entities in which we have less than a controlling financial interest or entities where we are not deemed to be the primary beneficiary under the equity method of accounting. Accordingly, we include our share of the net earnings or losses of these entities in our results of operations.

3. Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income attributable to the Company by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period.

The following table details our basic and diluted earnings per common share calculation:


		Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023		2022			2023		2022
				Three Months Ended March 31,
				Three Months Ended March 31,
				Three Months Ended March 31,
						2024					2024	2023
Net income	Net income	$	4,762	$	378,576		$	9,353	$	409,817
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(311)		(225)			(855)		(503)
Net income attributable to the Company	Net income attributable to the Company	$	4,451	$	378,351		$	8,498	$	409,314

Weighted-average common shares outstanding — basic and diluted	Weighted-average common shares outstanding — basic and diluted	8,639,316		8,639,316			8,639,316		8,639,316
Weighted-average common shares outstanding — basic and diluted
Weighted-average common shares outstanding — basic and diluted

EPS - attributable to common shares — basic and diluted	EPS - attributable to common shares — basic and diluted	$	0.52	$	43.79		$	0.98	$	47.38
EPS - attributable to common shares — basic and diluted
EPS - attributable to common shares — basic and diluted

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TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

4. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following presents the schedule of interest paid and other supplemental cash flow information:


		Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023		2022
	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024					2024		2023
Cash paid for interest	Cash paid for interest	$	9,273	$	17,802
Cash - beginning of period	Cash - beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	113,424	$	50,735
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash	Restricted cash	108,883		21,986
		$	222,307	$	72,721
	$
Cash - end of period	Cash - end of period
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	47,182	$	131,203
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash	Restricted cash	36,145		17,950
		$	83,327	$	149,153
	$

Payments on mortgages, other notes and bonds payable	Payments on mortgages, other notes and bonds payable

Payments on mortgages, other notes and bonds payable

Payments on mortgages, other notes and bonds payable
Payments on mortgages and other notes payable
Payments on mortgages and other notes payable
Payments on mortgages and other notes payable	Payments on mortgages and other notes payable	$	5,633	$	26,411
Payments on bond payable	Payments on bond payable	131,176		43,759
		$	136,809	$	70,170
	$

The following is a schedule of noncash investing ~~and financing activities:~~activity:


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024					2024		2023

Property acquired in exchange for reduction of related party receivable

Property acquired in exchange for reduction of related party receivable

Property acquired in exchange for reduction of related party receivable

		Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023		2022

Property acquired in exchange for reduction of related party receivable		$	6,064	$	—
Distribution from joint venture applied to Earn Out Obligation		$	—	$	34,159

5. Operating Segments

Our segments are based on the internal reporting that we review for operational decision-making purposes. We operate in two reportable segments: (i) the acquisition, development, ownership and management of multifamily properties and (ii) the acquisition, ownership and management of commercial properties. The services for our multifamily segment include rental of apartments and other tenant services, including parking and storage space rental. Asset information by segment is not reported because we do not use this measure to assess performance or make decisions to allocate resources. Therefore, depreciation and amortization expense is not allocated among segments. General and administrative expenses, advisory fees, interest income and interest expense are not included in segment profit as our internal reporting addresses these items on a corporate level.

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TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The following table presents our reportable segments for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and ~~2022:~~2023:


		Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023		2022			2023		2022
				Three Months Ended March 31,
				Three Months Ended March 31,
				Three Months Ended March 31,
						2024					2024	2023
Multifamily Segment	Multifamily Segment
Revenues
Revenues
Revenues	Revenues	$	7,899	$	2,850		$	22,930	$	9,024
Operating expenses	Operating expenses	(4,811)		(1,966)			(12,997)		(5,395)
Profit from segment	Profit from segment	3,088		884			9,933		3,629
Commercial Segment	Commercial Segment
Revenues	Revenues	3,939		4,720			11,306		13,286
Revenues
Revenues
Operating expenses	Operating expenses	(2,632)		(2,735)			(7,583)		(7,146)
Profit from segment	Profit from segment	1,307		1,985			3,723		6,140
Total profit from segments	Total profit from segments	$	4,395	$	2,869		$	13,656	$	9,769

The table below reflects the reconciliation of total profit from segments to net income for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and ~~2022:~~2023:


		Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023		2022			2023		2022
				Three Months Ended March 31,
				Three Months Ended March 31,
				Three Months Ended March 31,
						2024					2024	2023
Total profit from segments	Total profit from segments	$	4,395	$	2,869		$	13,656	$	9,769
Other non-segment items of income (expense)	Other non-segment items of income (expense)
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	(3,313)		(2,193)			(9,615)		(6,840)
General and administrative	General and administrative	(1,432)		(2,756)			(7,836)		(7,348)
Advisory fee to related party	Advisory fee to related party	(2,112)		(1,434)			(6,282)		(6,885)
Other income	Other income	687		749			2,216		1,566
Interest income	Interest income	9,676		7,379			26,998		17,162
Interest expense	Interest expense	(1,902)		(3,992)			(7,415)		(13,142)
Gain on foreign currency transactions	Gain on foreign currency transactions	—		1,533			993		19,437
Loss on early extinguishment of debt		—		(1,166)			(1,710)		(2,805)

Income from unconsolidated joint venture	Income from unconsolidated joint venture	85		464,085			798		470,428
Gain on sales or write-down of assets		—		1,539			188		16,580
Income from unconsolidated joint venture
Income from unconsolidated joint venture

Income tax provision
Income tax provision
Income tax provision	Income tax provision	(1,322)		(88,037)			(2,638)		(88,105)
Net income	Net income	$	4,762	$	378,576		$	9,353	$	409,817

6. Lease Revenue

We lease our multifamily properties and commercial properties under agreements that are classified as operating leases. Our multifamily property leases generally include minimum rents and charges for ancillary services. Our commercial property leases generally include minimum rents and recoveries for property taxes and common area maintenance. Minimum rental revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related leases.

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TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The following table summarizes the components of our rental revenue for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and ~~2022:~~2023:


		Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023		2022			2023		2022
				Three Months Ended March 31,
				Three Months Ended March 31,
				Three Months Ended March 31,
						2024					2024	2023
Fixed component	Fixed component	$	11,338	$	6,977		$	32,968	$	20,854
Variable component	Variable component	500		593			1,268		1,456
		$	11,838	$	7,570		$	34,236	$	22,310
						$

The following table summarizes the future rental payments that are payable to us from non-cancelable leases. The table excludes multifamily leases, which typically have a term of one-year or less:


2023			$	9,747
2024
2024
2024	2024		10,823
2025	2025		10,358
2026	2026		10,056
2027	2027		9,787
2028
Thereafter	Thereafter		22,444
			$	73,215
		$

7. Real Estate Activity

Below is a summary of our real estate as of ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and December 31, ~~2022:~~2023:


		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	March 31, 2024					March 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Land	Land	$	108,993	$	108,933
Building and improvements	Building and improvements	371,973		359,904
Tenant improvements	Tenant improvements	17,463		25,611
Construction in progress	Construction in progress	68,512		65,427
Total cost	Total cost	566,941		559,875
Less accumulated depreciation	Less accumulated depreciation	(64,910)		(66,054)
Total real estate	Total real estate	$	502,031	$	493,821

On March 15, 2023, we entered into a development agreement with Pillar to build a 240 unit multifamily property in Lake Wales, Florida ("Lake Wales") that is expected to be completed in 2025 for a total cost of approximately ~~$55,330.~~$55,330. The cost of construction will be funded in part by a $33,000 construction loan ((See Note ~~See Note 12 -~~ 11 – Mortgages and Other Notes ~~Payable~~)Payable). The development agreement provides for a $1,637 fee that will be paid to Pillar over the construction period. As of ~~September 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, we have incurred a total of ~~$12,337~~$18,888 in development ~~costs, including $334~~costs.

On November 6, 2023, we entered into a development agreement with Pillar to build a 216 unit multifamily property in McKinney, Texas ("Merano") that is expected to be completed in 2025 for a total cost of approximately $51,910. The cost of construction will be funded in part by a $25,407 construction loan (See Note 11 – Mortgages and Other Notes Payable). The development agreement provides for a $1,551 fee that will be paid to Pillar over the construction period. As of March 31, 2024, we have incurred a total of $8,916 in development ~~fees.~~costs.

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TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

~~Gain on sale or write-down of assets, net for the three and nine months ended September 30,~~On December 15, 2023, ~~and 2022 consists of the following:~~

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Land (1) $ — $ — $ 188 $ 4,752
Multifamily Properties (2) — 1,539 — 11,142
Commercial Properties (3) — — — 890
Other — — — (204)
Total $ — $ 1,539 $ 188 $ 16,580

~~(1)Includes the gain on the sale of lots related~~we entered into a development agreement with Pillar to ~~our investment in Windmill Farms, Mercer Crossing and other land holdings.~~

~~(2)On January 14, 2022, we sold Toulon,~~build a ~~240~~216 unit multifamily property in ~~Gautier, Mississippi~~Temple, Texas ("Bandera Ridge") that is expected to be completed in 2025 for ~~$26,750, resulting~~a total cost of approximately $49,603. The cost of construction will be funded in part by a ~~gain on sale of $9,364. We used the proceeds to pay off the $14,740 mortgage note payable on the property and for general corporate purposes.~~

~~On September 16, 2022, in connection with a sale of properties by VAA~~$23,500 construction loan (See Note ~~10 - Investment~~11 – Mortgages and Other Notes Payable). The development agreement provides for a $1,607 fee that will be paid to Pillar over the construction period. As of March 31, 2024, we have incurred a total of $3,124 in ~~Unconsolidated Joint Ventures), we sold Sugar Mill Phase III, a 72 unit~~development costs.

Construction in progress includes the cost of development of Windmill Farms and the costs associated with our multifamily ~~property in Baton Rouge, Louisiana~~projects.

We incurred depreciation expense of $3,018 and $2,935 for ~~$11,800, resulting in a gain on sale of $1,871. We used~~ the ~~proceeds to pay off the $9,551 mortgage note payable on the property~~three months ended March 31, 2024 and ~~for general corporate purposes.~~

(3) On May 17, 2022, we sold Fruitland Park, a 6,722 square foot commercial building in Fruitland Park, Florida for $750, resulting in a gain on sale of $667. We used the proceeds for general corporate purposes.2023, respectively.

8. Short-term Investments

~~We have investments in variable denominated floating rate notes~~The following is a summary of our short term investment as of March 31, 2024 and ~~short-term commercial paper with maturities of less than nine months.~~ December 31, 2023:


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Corporate bonds, at par value	$	70,266	$	90,000
Demand notes	6,413		1,484
	76,679		91,484
Less discount	(526)		(1,036)
	$	76,153	$	90,448

The average interest rate on the investments was ~~5.29%~~5.71% and ~~4.67%~~5.65% at ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively.

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TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

9. Notes Receivable

The following table summarizes our notes receivable as of ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and December 31, ~~2022:~~2023:


			Carrying value
		Carrying value
Property/Borrower
Property/Borrower
Property/Borrower	Property/Borrower		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		Interest Rate		Maturity Date		March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023					Interest Rate						Maturity Date
ABC Land and Development, Inc.	ABC Land and Development, Inc.		$	4,408	$	4,408	9.50	%	6/30/26	ABC Land and Development, Inc.		$	4,408	$		$	4,408	9.50				9.50		%				6/30/26
ABC Paradise, LLC	ABC Paradise, LLC		1,210		1,210		9.50	%	6/30/26	ABC Paradise, LLC		1,210		1,210			1,210		9.50				9.50		%				6/30/26
Autumn Breeze(1)	Autumn Breeze(1)		2,157		2,326		5.00	%	7/1/25	Autumn Breeze(1)		1,847		2,157			2,157		5.00				5.00		%				7/1/25
Bellwether Ridge(1)	Bellwether Ridge(1)		3,798		3,798		5.00	%	11/1/26	Bellwether Ridge(1)		3,798		3,798			3,798		5.00				5.00		%				11/1/26
Cascades at Spring Street(2)(3)										Cascades at Spring Street(2)(3)		180				180					5.38		%				6/30/27
Dominion at Mercer Crossing~~(2)~~(4)	Dominion at Mercer Crossing~~(2)~~(4)		6,354		—		9.25	%	6/7/28	Dominion at Mercer Crossing~~(2)~~(4)		6,167		6,354			6,354		9.50				9.50		%				6/7/28
Forest Pines(1)	Forest Pines(1)		6,472		6,472		5.00	%	5/1/24	Forest Pines(1)		6,472		6,472			6,472		5.00				5.00		%				5/1/27
Inwood on the Park(2)(3)										Inwood on the Park(2)(3)		20,325				20,325					5.38		%				6/30/28
Kensington Park(2)(3)										Kensington Park(2)(3)		8,217				10,262					5.38		%				3/31/27
Lake Shore Villas(2)(3)										Lake Shore Villas(2)(3)		6,000				6,000					5.38		%				12/31/32
Legacy Pleasant Grove	Legacy Pleasant Grove		496		496		12.00	%	10/23/24	Legacy Pleasant Grove		496		496			496		12.00				12.00		%				10/23/24
McKinney Ranch	McKinney Ranch		3,926		3,926		6.00	%	9/15/24	McKinney Ranch		3,926		3,926			3,926		6.00				6.00		%				9/15/24
Ocean Estates II(2)(3)										Ocean Estates II(2)(3)		3,615				3,615					5.38		%				5/31/28
One Realco Land Holding, Inc.	One Realco Land Holding, Inc.		1,728		1,728		9.50	%	6/30/26	One Realco Land Holding, Inc.		1,728		1,728			1,728		9.50				9.50		%				6/30/26
Parc at Ingleside(1)	Parc at Ingleside(1)		3,759		3,759		5.00	%	11/1/26	Parc at Ingleside(1)		3,759		3,759			3,759		5.00				5.00		%				11/1/26
Parc at Opelika Phase II(1)(3)			3,190		3,190		10.00	%	1/13/23
Parc at Windmill Farms(1)(3)			7,886		7,886		5.00	%	11/1/22
Phillips Foundation for Better Living, Inc.(4)			182		182		12.00	%	3/31/24
Parc at Opelika Phase II(1)(5)										Parc at Opelika Phase II(1)(5)		3,190				3,190					10.00		%				1/13/23
Parc at Windmill Farms(1)(5)										Parc at Windmill Farms(1)(5)		7,886				7,886					5.00		%				11/1/22
Phillips Foundation for Better Living, Inc.(2)										Phillips Foundation for Better Living, Inc.(2)		182				182					5.38		%				3/31/28
Plaza at Chase Oaks(2)(3)										Plaza at Chase Oaks(2)(3)		11,772				11,772					5.38		%				3/31/28
Plum Tree(1)	Plum Tree(1)		1,767		1,767		5.00	%	4/26/26	Plum Tree(1)		1,600		1,767			1,767		5.00				5.00		%				4/26/26
Polk County Land	Polk County Land		3,000		3,000		9.50	%	6/30/26	Polk County Land		3,000		3,000			3,000		9.50				9.50		%				6/30/26
Riverview on the Park Land, LLC	Riverview on the Park Land, LLC		1,045		1,045		9.50	%	6/30/26	Riverview on the Park Land, LLC		1,045		1,045			1,045		9.50				9.50		%				6/30/26
Spartan Land	Spartan Land		5,907		5,907		12.00	%	1/16/25	Spartan Land		5,907		5,907			5,907		6.00				6.00		%				1/16/25
Spyglass of Ennis(1)	Spyglass of Ennis(1)		5,179		5,258		5.00	%	11/1/24	Spyglass of Ennis(1)		4,882		5,179			5,179		5.00				5.00		%				11/1/24
Steeple Crest(1)	Steeple Crest(1)		6,498		6,498		5.00	%	8/1/26	Steeple Crest(1)		6,498		6,498			6,498		5.00				5.00		%				8/1/26
Unified Housing Foundation(4)(5)			20,325		20,325		12.00	%	6/30/28
Unified Housing Foundation(4)(5)			10,096		10,096		12.00	%	3/31/24
Unified Housing Foundation(4)(5)			6,990		6,990		12.00	%	3/31/25
Unified Housing Foundation(4)(5)			3,615		3,615		12.00	%	5/31/28
Unified Housing Foundation(4)(5)			17,172		17,172		12.00	%	12/31/32
Unified Housing Foundation(4)(5)			6,521		6,521		12.00	%	3/31/24
Unified Housing Foundation(4)(5)			1,549		1,549		12.00	%	4/30/24
Unified Housing Foundation(4)(5)			180		180		12.00	%	6/30/24
			$	135,410	$	129,304
Timbers at The Park(2)(3)										Timbers at The Park(2)(3)		11,173				11,173					5.38		%				12/31/32
Tuscany Villas(2)(3)										Tuscany Villas(2)(3)		1,548				1,548					5.38		%				4/30/27
		$

(1)The note is convertible, at our option, into a 100% ownership interest in the underlying ~~development~~ property, and is collateralized by the underlying ~~development~~ property.

(2)~~The note has an interest rate of prime plus 1.00%.~~

~~(3)We are working with the borrower to extend the maturity and/or exercise our conversion option.~~

~~(4)~~ The borrower is ~~deemed~~determined to be a related party due to our significant investment in the performance of the collateral secured by the notes receivable.

~~(5)~~(3) Principal and interest payments on the notes from Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (“UHF”) are funded from surplus cash flow from operations, sale or refinancing of the underlying properties and are cross collateralized to the extent that any surplus cash available from any of the properties underlying the notes.

On October 1, 2023, the interest rate on the notes was amended from a fixed rate of 12.0% to a floating rate indexed to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") in effect on the last day of the preceding calendar quarter. In connection with the amendment, accrued interest of
$3,601 was forgiven in exchange for participation in the proceeds from any future sale or refinancing of the underlying property.

(4) The note bears interest at prime plus 1.0%.

(5) We are working with the borrower to extend the maturity and/or exercise our conversion option.

Table of Contents

TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

10. Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

On November 16, 2018, our SPC subsidiary formed the Victory Abode Apartments, LLC ("VAA"), a joint venture with the Macquarie Group (“Macquarie”). VAA was formed as a result of aour sale of ~~the~~a 50% ownership interest in a portfolio of multifamily properties ~~owned by us~~to Macquarie in exchange for a 50% voting interest in VAA and a note payable.

In connection with the formation of VAA, ten of the initial properties were subject to an earn-out provision ("Earn Out") that provided for a remeasurement of value after a two-year period following the completion of construction. Upon the formation of VAA, we recorded an initial liability ("Earn Out Obligation") of $10,000 for the advance on the Earn Out that we received from Macquarie. Upon remeasurement, the Earn Out Obligation was determined to be approximately $39,600. In accordance with the joint venture operating agreement, the Earn Out Obligation was paid from our share of distributions from VAA in 2022.

On September 16, 2022, VAA sold 45 of its properties (“VAA Sale Portfolio”) for $1,810,700, resulting in a gain on sale of $738,444 to the joint venture. In connection with the sale, we received an initial distribution of $182,848 from ~~VAA, which included the payment of the remaining balance of the Earn Out Obligation.~~VAA.

On November 1, 2022, we received an additional distribution from VAA, which included the full operational control of the remaining seven properties of VAA (“VAA Holdback Portfolio”) ~~(See Note 11 - Acquisitions)~~ and a cash payment of $204,036.

On March 23, 2023, we received $17,976 from VAA, which represented the remaining distribution of the proceeds from the sale of the VAA Sale Portfolio.

We used our share of the proceeds from the sale of the VAA Sale Portfolio to invest in short-term investments and real estate, pay down our debt and for general corporate purposes.

~~The following is a summary~~ We anticipate that the final liquidation of ~~our investment in VAA:~~

September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Assets
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 1,447 $ 50,058
Other assets — 2,346
$ 1,447 $ 52,404
Liabilities and partners' capital
Liabilities from discontinued operations $ — $ 8,824
Other liabilities 93 1,988
Our share of partners' capital 786 20,904
Outside partner's capital 568 20,688
$ 1,447 $ 52,404

the joint venture will be completed during the remainder of 2024.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)~~

~~(Unaudited)~~

~~The following is a summary of income from VAA:~~

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Revenue
   Rental revenue $ — $ 3,342 $ — $ 11,305
   Other revenue — 249 — 627
      Total revenue — 3,591 — 11,932
Expenses
   Operating (income) expenses (237) 3,032 (529) 16,174
   Depreciation and amortization — 836 — 2,525
   Interest (income) expense (10) 5,135 (320) 16,969
      Total expenses (247) 9,003 (849) 35,668
Income (loss) from continuing operations 247 (5,412) 849 (23,736)
(Loss) income from discontinued operations (78) 704,700 743 712,648
Net income $ 169 $ 699,288 $ 1,592 $ 688,912
Equity in income from unconsolidated joint venture $ 85 $ 464,085 $ 798 $ 470,428

~~11. Acquisitions~~

On November 1, 2022, we acquired the remaining 50% ownership interest in the VAA Holdback Portfolio that we did not previously own through a distribution from VAA (See Note 10 – Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures). Prior to the acquisition, we had accounted for the VAA Holdback Portfolio under the equity method of accounting as part of our investment in VAA. The acquisition was completed in order to obtain 100% ownership and control over this well positioned portfolio of multifamily residential properties in southern United States.

~~The VAA Holdback Portfolio consisted of the following properties:~~

~~Property~~

~~Location~~

~~Units~~

~~Blue Lake Villas~~

~~Waxahachie, TX~~

~~186~~

~~Blue Lake Villas Phase II~~

~~Waxahachie, TX~~

~~Northside on Travis~~

~~Sherman, TX~~

~~200~~

~~Parc at Denham Springs~~

~~Denham Spring, LA~~

~~224~~

~~Residences at Holland Lake~~

~~Weatherford, TX~~

~~208~~

~~Villas of Park West I~~

~~Pueblo, CO~~

~~148~~

~~Villas of Park West II~~

~~Pueblo, CO~~

~~112~~

~~1,148~~

~~Table of Contents~~

~~TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)~~

~~(Unaudited)~~

~~The following is a summary of the preliminary allocation of the fair value of the VAA Holdback Portfolio:~~


~~Real estate~~	$	~~219,500~~
~~Other assets~~	~~4,843~~
~~Total assets acquired~~	~~224,343~~
~~Mortgage notes payable~~	~~70,330~~
~~Accounts payable and other liabilities~~	~~1,624~~
~~Accrued interest~~	~~190~~
~~Total liabilities assumed~~	~~72,144~~
~~Fair value of acquired net assets (100% ownership)~~	$	~~152,199~~

~~We have determined that the purchase price represented the fair value of the additional ownership interest in the VAA Holdback Portfolio that was acquired.~~


~~Fair value of existing ownership interest (at 50% ownership)~~	$	~~219,500~~
~~Carrying value of investment~~	~~146,313~~
~~Gain on remeasurement of assets~~	$	~~73,187~~

~~From~~ ~~November 1, 2022, we have included the VAA Holdback Portfolio in our consolidated financial statements.~~

Table of Contents

TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

~~12.~~11. Mortgages and Other Notes Payable

The following table summarizes our mortgages and other notes payable as of ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and December 31, ~~2022:~~2023:


			Carrying Value				Interest Rate			Maturity Date
		Carrying Value														Carrying Value						Interest Rate			Maturity Date
Property/ Entity	Property/ Entity		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022				Interest Rate			Maturity Date
770 South Post Oak	770 South Post Oak		$	11,248	$	11,406
Athens(1)			—		1,155		4.00	%		8/28/2023
Blue Lake Villas(2)			9,546		9,673		3.15	%		11/1/2055
Blue Lake Villas Phase II(2)			3,368		3,424		2.85	%		6/1/2052
770 South Post Oak
770 South Post Oak													$	11,126			$	11,187		4.40	%		6/1/2025
Blue Lake Villas											Blue Lake Villas		9,459				9,503			3.15	%		11/1/2055
Blue Lake Villas Phase II											Blue Lake Villas Phase II		3,329				3,349			2.85	%		6/1/2052
Chelsea	Chelsea		7,749		7,875		3.40	%		12/1/2050	Chelsea		8,018		8,064			8,064	3.40		3.40	%		12/1/2050
EQK Portage	EQK Portage		3,350		3,350		10.00	%		11/13/2024	EQK Portage		3,350		3,350			3,350	10.00		10.00	%		11/13/2024
Forest Grove	Forest Grove		7,023		7,128		3.75	%		5/5/2024	Forest Grove		6,951		6,988			6,988	3.75		3.75	%		5/5/2024
Landing Bayou			13,971		14,161		3.50	%		9/1/2053
Landing on Bayou Cane											Landing on Bayou Cane		14,373				14,442			3.50	%		9/1/2053
Legacy at Pleasant Grove	Legacy at Pleasant Grove		12,798		13,039		3.60	%		4/1/2048	Legacy at Pleasant Grove		12,633		12,716			12,716	3.60		3.60	%		4/1/2048
Northside on Travis(2)			11,460		11,656		2.50	%		2/1/2053
Parc at Denham Springs(2)			16,484		16,737		3.75	%		4/1/2051
Northside on Travis											Northside on Travis		11,327				11,394			2.50	%		2/1/2053
Parc at Denham Springs											Parc at Denham Springs		16,312				16,399			3.75	%		4/1/2051
Parc at Denham Springs Phase II	Parc at Denham Springs Phase II		15,654		15,789		4.05	%		2/1/2060	Parc at Denham Springs Phase II		15,562		15,608			15,608	4.05		4.05	%		2/1/2060
RCM HC Enterprises	RCM HC Enterprises		5,086		5,086		5.00	%		12/31/2024	RCM HC Enterprises		5,086		5,086			5,086	5.00		5.00	%		12/31/2024
Residences at Holland Lake(3)			10,474		10,622		3.60	%		3/1/2053
Residences at Holland Lake											Residences at Holland Lake		10,373				10,424			3.60	%		3/1/2053
Villas at Bon Secour	Villas at Bon Secour		19,119		19,410		3.08	%		9/1/2031	Villas at Bon Secour		19,104		19,205			19,205	3.08		3.08	%		9/1/2031
Villas of Park West I(2)			9,230		9,373		3.04	%		3/1/2053
Villas of Park West II(2)			8,377		8,504		3.18	%		3/1/2053
Villas of Park West I(1)											Villas of Park West I(1)		9,132				9,181			3.04	%		3/1/2053
Villas of Park West II(1)											Villas of Park West II(1)		8,290				8,334			3.18	%		3/1/2053
Vista Ridge	Vista Ridge		9,553		9,674		4.00	%		8/1/2053	Vista Ridge		9,470		9,512			9,512	4.00		4.00	%		8/1/2053
Windmill Farms(4)			4,396		6,400		7.75	%		2/28/2024
			$	178,886	$	184,462
Windmill Farms(2)											Windmill Farms(2)		4,390				4,399			7.50	%		2/28/2026
		$

(1) ~~On August 28, 2023, we paid off the loan.~~

~~(2)~~ On November 1, 2022, we agreed to assume the mortgage note payable from our joint venture in connection with the acquisition of the underlying property (See Note 1110 - ~~Acquisitions)~~Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures) and ~~are in the process of obtaining~~obtained final lender approval of the ~~assumption.~~assumption in 2024.

~~(3) On October 16, 2023, we received approval from the lender to assume the loan on the property that we acquired from our joint venture (See Note 11 - Acquisitions).~~

~~(4)~~(2) On February ~~28, 2023,~~8, 2024, we extended the maturity ~~of the loan~~ to February 28, ~~2024 and~~2026 at an interest rate of ~~7.75%~~7.50%.

Interest payable at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, was $2,480 and $2,004, respectively. We capitalized interest of $0 and $1,048 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $642 and ~~$2,651 during the nine months ended~~ ~~September 30, 2023~~ ~~and 2022, respectively.~~

On ~~March 15, 2023~~, we entered into a $33,000 construction loan to finance the development of Lake Wales (See Note 7 - Real Estate Activity) that bears interest at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 3% and matures on ~~March 15, 2026, with two one-year extension options. As of~~ ~~September 30, 2023, no advances have been drawn on the loan.~~

As of ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all of our loan covenants except for the minimum debt service coverage ratio (“DSCR”) for the loan on 770 South Post Oak. As a result, the lender requires us to lock the surplus cash flow of the property into a designated deposit account controlled by them, until we are in compliance with the DSCR for a period of two consecutive quarters.

On March 15, 2023, we entered into a $33,000 construction loan to finance the development of Lake Wales (See Note 7 - Real Estate Activity) that bears interest at SOFR plus 3% and matures on March 15, 2026, with two one-year extension options. As of March 31, 2024, no advances have been drawn on the loan.

On November 6, 2023, we entered into a $25,407 construction loan to finance the development of Merano (See Note 7 - Real Estate Activity) that bears interest at prime plus 0.25% and matures on November 6, 2028. As of March 31, 2024, no advances have been drawn on the loan.

On December 15, 2023, we entered into a $23,500 construction loan to finance the development of Bandera Ridge (See Note 7 - Real Estate Activity) that bears interest at SOFR plus 3% and matures on December 15, 2028. As of March 31, 2024, no advances have been drawn on the loan.

All of the above mortgages and other notes payable are collateralized by the underlying property. In addition, we have guaranteed the loans on Bandera Ridge, Forest Grove, ~~and~~Lake Wales, Merano, Villas at Bon ~~Secour.~~Secour and Windmill Farms.

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TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

~~13. Bonds Payable~~

We issued nonconvertible bonds ("Bonds") through SPC, which were traded on the TASE. The Bonds were denominated in New Israeli Shekels ("NIS") and provided semiannual principal and interest payments through maturity. T~~he Bonds were subject to a number of covenants, which included restrictions on the distribution of cash from SPC.~~

~~In connection with the Bonds, we incurred a gain on foreign currency transactions of $0 and $1,533 for the three months ended~~ ~~September 30, 2023 and~~ ~~2022, respectively, and $993 and $19,437 for the nine months ended~~ ~~September 30, 2023 and~~ ~~2022, respectively.~~

~~The outstanding balance of our Bonds at December 31, 2022 was as follows:~~

Bond Issuance December 31, 2022 Interest Rate Maturity
Series A Bonds(1) $ 28,971 7.30 % 7/31/23
Series B Bonds(1) 35,806 6.80 % 7/31/25
Series C Bonds(2) 66,546 4.65 % 1/31/23
131,323
Less unamortized deferred issuance costs (2,105)
$ 129,218

~~(1) The bonds were collateralized by the assets of SPC.~~

~~(2) The bonds were collateralized by a trust deed on Browning Place, a 625,297 square foot office building in Dallas, Texas.~~

On January 31, 2023, we completed our scheduled bond payment, which included the full repayment of the Series C bonds. On May 4, 2023, we paid off the remaining balances of the Series A and Series B Bonds and withdrew from the TASE.

~~14.~~12. Related Party Transactions

We engage in certain business transactions with related parties, including but not limited to asset acquisition and dispositions of real estate. Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s length basis due to the absence of free market forces that naturally exist in business dealings between two or more unrelated entities. Related party transactions may not always be favorable to our business and may include terms, conditions and agreements that are not necessarily beneficial to or in our best interest.

Pillar and Regis are wholly owned by a subsidiary of May Realty Holdings, Inc. ("MRHI"), which owns approximately 90.8% of ~~ARL.~~ARL, which in turn owns approximately 78% of the Company. Pillar is compensated for advisory services in accordance with an advisory agreement and is compensated for development services in accordance with a project specific ~~agreement.~~agreements. Regis receives property management fees and leasing commissions in accordance with the terms of its property-level management agreement. In addition, Regis is entitled to receive real estate brokerage commissions in accordance with the terms of a non-exclusive brokerage agreement.

Rental income includes ~~$232~~$178 and ~~$223 for the~~ ~~three months ended~~ ~~September 30, 2023 and~~ ~~2022, respectively, and~~ ~~$731 and $702~~$268 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and ~~2022~~2023, respectively, for office space leased to Pillar and Regis.

Property operating expense includes ~~$97~~$80 and ~~$110 for the~~ ~~three months ended~~ ~~September 30, 2023 and~~ ~~2022, respectively, and~~ ~~$296 and $337~~$100 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and ~~2022~~2023, respectively, for management fees on commercial properties payable to Regis.

General and administrative expense includes ~~$796~~$914 and ~~$1,199 for the~~ ~~three months ended~~ ~~September 30, 2023 and~~ ~~2022, respectively, and~~ ~~$2,854 and $3,133~~$1,431 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and ~~2022~~2023, respectively, for employee compensation and other reimbursable costs payable to Pillar.

Advisory fees paid to Pillar were ~~$2,112~~$2,165 and ~~$1,434 for the~~ ~~three months ended~~ ~~September 30, 2023 and~~ ~~2022, respectively, and~~ ~~$6,282 and $6,885~~$2,170 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and ~~2022~~2023, respectively. Development fees paid to Pillar were $388 for the

~~Table of Contents~~three months ended

~~TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)~~

~~(Unaudited)~~

March 31, 2024.

Notes receivable include amounts held by UHF (See Note 9 – Notes Receivable). UHF is deemed to be a related party due to our significant investment in the performance of the collateral secured by the notes receivable. In addition, we have ~~receivables~~a related party receivable from Pillar ~~and other related parties. Related party receivables, net~~("Pillar Receivable"), which represents ~~the net~~ amounts ~~outstanding from~~advanced to Pillar ~~for loans and advances,~~ net of unreimbursed fees, expenses and costs as provided above. The Pillar Receivable bears interest in accordance with a cash management agreement. On January 1, 2024, an amendment to the cash management ageement changed the interest rate on the Pillar Receivable from prime plus one percent to SOFR. Interest income on ~~these~~the UHF notes and ~~related party receivables~~the Pillar Receivable was ~~$5,522~~$2,692 and ~~$4,486~~$5,137 for the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2024 and 2023, ~~and~~ ~~2022, respectively, and$15,962 and $11,784 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022,~~ respectively.

~~15.~~13. Noncontrolling Interests

The noncontrolling interest represents the third party ownership interest in Income Opportunity Realty Investors, Inc. ("IOR"). Shares of IOR are listed on the NYSE American stock exchange under the symbol of IOR. We owned 82.3% and 81.1% inof IOR ~~during the~~ at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023~~three and nine months ended~~ ~~September 30, 2023 and~~ ~~2022~~, respectively.

~~16.~~14. Deferred Income

In previous years, we sold properties to related parties at a gain, and therefore the sales criteria for the full accrual method was not met, and as such, we deferred the gain recognition and accounted for the sales by applying the finance, deposit, installment or cost recovery methods, as appropriate. The gain on these transactions is deferred until the properties are sold to a non-related third party.

As of ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we had deferred gain of $581.

~~17.~~

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TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

15. Income Taxes

We are part of a tax sharing and compensating agreement with respect to federal income taxes with ~~ARL.~~MRHI, ARL and IOR. In accordance with the agreement, our expense ~~(benefit)~~ in each year is calculated based on the amount of losses absorbed by taxable income multiplied by the maximum statutory tax rate of 21%.

The following table summarizes our income tax provision:


		Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023		2022			2023		2022
				Three Months Ended March 31,
				Three Months Ended March 31,
				Three Months Ended March 31,
						2024					2024	2023
Current	Current	$	5,422	$	88,037		$	6,738	$	88,105
Deferred	Deferred	(4,100)		—			(4,100)		—
		$	1,322	$	88,037		$	2,638	$	88,105
						$

~~18.~~16. Commitments and Contingencies

We believe that we will generate excess cash from property operations in the next twelve months; such excess, however, might not be sufficient to discharge all of our obligations as they become due. We intend to sell income-producing assets, refinance real estate and obtain additional borrowings primarily secured by real estate to meet our liquidity requirements.

~~19.~~17. Subsequent Events

The date to which events occurring after ~~September 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, the date of the most recent balance sheet, have been evaluated for possible adjustment to the consolidated financial statements or disclosure is ~~November~~May 9, ~~2023,~~2024, which is the date on which the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued.

On ~~November 6, 2023, we entered into a development agreement with Pillar to build a 216 unit multifamily property in McKinney, Texas that is expected to be completed in 2025 for a total cost of approximately~~ ~~$51.3 million. The cost of construction will be funded in part by a~~ ~~$25.4 million~~ ~~construction loan. The development agreement provides for a~~ ~~$1.6 million~~ ~~fee that will be paid to Pillar over the construction period.~~

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis by management should be read in conjunction with the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Quarterly Report”) and in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 (the “Annual Report”).

This Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, principally, but not only, under the captions “Business”, “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”. We caution investors that any forward-looking statements in this report, or which management may make orally or in writing from time to time, are based on management’s beliefs and on assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used, the words “anticipate”, “believe”, “expect”, “intend”, “may”, “might”, “plan”, “estimate”, “project”, “should”, “will”, “result” and similar expressions which do not relate solely to historical matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance, which may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties and factors that are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected. We caution you that, while forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs when we make them, they are not guarantees of future performance and are impacted by actual events when they occur after we make such statements. We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on past forward-looking statements, which are based on results and trends at the time they are made, to anticipate future results or trends.

Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

•general risks affecting the real estate industry (including, without limitation, the inability to enter into or renew leases, dependence on tenants’ financial condition, and competition from other developers, owners and operators of real estate);

•risks associated with the availability and terms of construction and mortgage financing and the use of debt to fund acquisitions and developments;

•demand for apartments and commercial properties in our markets and the effect on occupancy and rental rates;

•our ability to obtain financing, enter into joint venture arrangements in relation to or self-fund the development or acquisition of properties;

•risks associated with the timing and amount of property sales and the resulting gains/losses associated with such sales;

•failure to manage effectively our growth and expansion into new markets or to integrate acquisitions successfully

•risks and uncertainties affecting property development and construction (including, without limitation, construction delays, cost overruns, inability to obtain necessary permits and public opposition to such activities);

•risks associated with downturns in the national and local economies, increases in interest rates, and volatility in the securities markets;

•costs of compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and other similar laws and regulations;

•potential liability for uninsured losses and environmental contamination; and

•risks associated with our dependence on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed.

The risks included here are not exhaustive. Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements, include among others, the factors listed and described at Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” Annual Report on Form 10-K, which investors should review.

2018

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Management's Overview

We are an externally advised and managed real estate investment company that owns a diverse portfolio of income-producing properties and land held for development throughout the Southern United States. Our portfolio of income-producing properties includes residential apartment communities ("multifamily properties"), office buildings and retail properties ("commercial properties"). Our investment strategy includes acquiring existing income-producing properties as well as developing new properties on land already owned or acquired for a specific development project.

Our operations are managed by Pillar Income Asset Management, Inc. (“Pillar”) in accordance with an Advisory Agreement. Pillar’s duties include, but are not limited to, locating, evaluating and recommending real estate and real estate-related investment opportunities. Pillar also arranges our debt and equity financing with third party lenders and investors. We have no employees. Employees of Pillar render services to us in accordance with the terms of the Advisory Agreement. Pillar is considered to be a related party due to its common ownership with American Realty Investors, Inc. (“ARL”), who is our controlling shareholder.

The following is a summary of our recent ~~acquisition, disposition,~~ financing and development activities:

~~Acquisitions and Dispositions~~

•On January 14, 2022, we sold Toulon, a 240 unit multifamily property in Gautier, Mississippi for $26.8 million, resulting in a gain on sale of $9.4 million. We used the proceeds to pay off the $14.7 million mortgage note payable on the property and for general corporate purposes.

•On ~~May 17, 2022, we sold Fruitland Park, a 6,722 square foot commercial building in Fruitland Park, Florida for~~ ~~$0.8 million, resulting in a gain on sale~~ ~~of $0.7 million. We used the proceeds for general corporate purposes.~~

•~~On September 16, 2022, we sold Sugar Mill Phase III, a 72 unit multifamily property in~~ ~~Baton Rouge~~, ~~Louisiana~~ ~~for~~ ~~$11.8 million~~ ~~in connection with a sale of properties by~~ ~~VAA~~ ~~(See "Other Developments"), resulting in a gain on sale of $1.9 million. We used the proceeds to pay off the $9.6 million mortgage note payable on the property and for general corporate purposes.~~

•~~On November 1, 2022, we acquired seven multifamily properties from VAA (See "Other Developments") with a fair value of~~ ~~$219.5 million~~.

•~~During the year ended~~ ~~December 31, 2022~~, we sold a total of 26.9 acres of land from our holdings in Windmill Farms for $5.1 million in aggregate, resulting in gains on sale of $4.2 million. In addition, we sold 0.9 acres of land from our holdings in Mercer Crossing for $0.7 million, resulting in a gain on sale of $0.2 million.

Financing Activities

•~~On January 14, 2022, we paid off the~~ ~~$14.7 million~~ ~~loan on~~ ~~Toulon~~ ~~in connection with the sale of the underlying property (See "Acquisitions and Dispositions").~~

•On ~~March 3, 2022, we extended our loan on~~ ~~Stanford Center~~ to ~~February 26, 2023~~.

•On ~~September 1, 2022~~, ~~we extended our loan on Athens to August 28, 2023.~~

•On ~~September 16, 2022, the~~ ~~$9.6 million~~ ~~loan on~~ ~~Sugar Mill Phase III~~ ~~was paid off in connection with the sale of the underlying property (See "Acquisitions and Dispositions").~~

•~~On October 21, 2022, we paid off the $38.5 million loan on Stanford Center from the cash generated from sale of the~~ ~~VAA Sale Portfolio~~.

•~~On November 1, 2022, we agreed to assume the~~ ~~$70.3 million~~ ~~mortgage notes payable on the VAA Holdback Portfolio in connection with the distribution of the underlying properties from VAA (See "Other Developments").~~

•On January 31, 2023, we paid off our $67.5 million of Series C bonds.

•On February 28, 2023, we extended the maturity of our loan on Windmill Farms until February 28, 2024 at a revised interest rate of 7.75%.

•On March 15, 2023, we entered into a $33.0 million construction loan to finance the development of Lake Wales (See "Development Activities") that bears interest at ~~the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR")~~SOFR plus 3% and matures on March 15, 2026, with two one-year extension options.

•On May 4, 2023, we paid off the remaining $14.0 million of our Series A Bonds and $28.9 million of our Series B Bonds, which ~~results~~resulted in a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $1.7 million.

•On August 28, 2023, we paid off our $1.2 million loan on Athens.

21•On October 1, 2023, we amended the terms of our UHF notes receivable. As a result, the interest rates on the notes were amended from a fixed rate of 12.0% to a floating rate indexed to SOFR. In connection with the amendment, accrued interest of $3.6 million was forgiven in exchange for participation in the proceeds from any future sale or refinancing of the underlying properties.

~~Table~~•On November 6, 2023, we entered into a $25.4 million construction loan to finance the development of ~~Contents~~Merano (See "Development Activities") that bears interest at prime plus 0.25% and matures on November 6, 2028.

•On December 15, 2023, we entered into a $23.5 million construction loan to finance the development of Bandera Ridge (See "Development Activities") that bears interest at SOFR plus 3% and matures on December 15, 2028.

•On January 1, 2024, we amended our cash management agreement with Pillar. As a result, the interest rate on the related party receivable changed from prime plus one to SOFR.

•On February 8, 2024, we extended the maturity of our loan on Windmill Farms to February 28, 2026 at an interest rate of 7.50%.

Development Activities

We have agreements to develop two parcels of land ("PODs") from our land holdings in Windmill Farms. The agreements provide for the development of 125 acres of raw land into approximately 470 land lots to be used for single family homes for a total of $24.3 million. We estimate that we will complete the development of these PODs over a two-year period starting the third quarter of 2024. During 2024, we spent $0.7 million on reimbursable infrastructure investments.

On March 15, 2023, we entered into a development agreement with Pillar to build a 240 unit multifamily property in Lake Wales, Florida ("Lake Wales") that is expected to be completed in 2025 for a total cost of approximately ~~$55.3 million~~.$55.3 million. The cost of construction will be funded in part by a $33.0 million construction loan ~~$33.0 million~~(See "Financing Activities") ~~construction loan.~~. The development agreement provides for a ~~$1.6~~$1.6 million fee that will be paid to Pillar over the construction period. As of ~~September 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, we have incurred a total of ~~$12.3~~$18.9 million in development costs.

~~In 2021,~~ Table of Contents

~~Landing Bayou~~,On November 6, 2023, we entered into a ~~240~~development agreement with Pillar to build a 216 unit multifamily property in ~~Houma~~McKinney, ~~Louisiana~~Texas ~~suffered extensive damage from Hurricane Ida. As a result, the property required extensive renovation. As of September 30, 2023, we~~("Merano") that is expected to be completed ~~the restoration and lease-up of the property~~in 2025 for a total cost of ~~$10.4~~approximately $51.9 million. The cost of construction will be funded in part by a $25.4 million ~~which was primarily funded by insurance proceeds.~~construction loan (See "Financing Activities"). The development agreement provides for a $1.6 million fee that will be paid to Pillar over the construction period. As of March 31, 2024, we have incurred a total of $8.9 million in development costs.

~~During~~On December 15, 2023, we ~~spent $5.0~~entered into a development agreement with Pillar to build a 216 unit multifamily property in Temple, Texas ("Bandera Ridge") that is expected to be completed in 2025 for a total cost of approximately $49.6 million. The cost of construction will be funded in part by a $23.5 million ~~on our ongoing~~construction loan (See "Financing Activities"). The development agreement provides for a $1.6 million fee that will be paid to Pillar over the construction period. As of ~~Windmill Farms. Our expenditure includes $0.5~~March 31, 2024, we have incurred a total of $3.1 million ~~on the~~in development ~~of land lots for sale to single family home developers and $4.5 million on reimbursable infrastructure investments.~~

~~Other Developments~~

On September 16, 2022, VAA sold 45 properties (“VAA Sale Portfolio”) for $1.8 billion, resulting in a gain on sale of $738.4 million to the joint venture. In connection with the sale, we received an initial distribution of $182.8 million from VAA.

On November 1, 2022, we received an additional distribution from VAA, which included the full operational control of the remaining seven properties of VAA (“VAA Holdback Portfolio”) and a cash payment of $204.0 million. We are in the process of negotiating the assumption of the mortgage notes payable on the VAA Holdback Portfolio with the lenders.

~~On March 23, 2023, we received $18.0 million from VAA, which represented the remaining distribution of the proceeds from the sale of the VAA Sale Portfolio.~~

~~We used our share of the proceeds from the sale of the~~ ~~VAA Sale Portfolio to invest~~ ~~in short-term investments and real estate, pay down our debt and for general corporate purposes.~~costs.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Some of these estimates and assumptions include judgments on revenue recognition, estimates for common area maintenance and real estate tax accruals, provisions for uncollectible accounts, impairment of long-lived assets, the allocation of purchase price between tangible and intangible assets, capitalization of costs and fair value measurements. Our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our notes to the consolidated financial statements in the Annual Report. However, the following policies are deemed to be critical.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We apply the guidance in ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”, to the valuation of real estate assets. These provisions define fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in a transaction between market participants at the measurement date, establish a hierarchy that prioritizes the information used in developing fair value estimates and require disclosure of fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable data (Level 3 measurements), such as the reporting entity’s own data.

The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date and includes three levels defined as follows:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices for identical and unrestricted assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement.

~~Table of Contents~~

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Related Parties

We apply ASC Topic 805, “Business Combinations”, to evaluate business relationships. Related parties are persons or entities who have one or more of the following characteristics, which include entities for which investments in their equity securities would be required, trust for the benefit of persons including principal owners of the entities and members of their immediate families, management personnel of the entity and members of their immediate families and other parties with which the entity may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the decision making of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing our own separate interests, or affiliates of the entity.

Results of Operations

Many of the variations in the results of operations, discussed below, occurred because of the transactions affecting our properties described above, including those related to the Redevelopment Property, the Acquisition Properties and the Disposition Properties (each as defined below).

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For purposes of the discussion below, we define "Same Properties" as all of our properties with the exception of those properties that have been recently constructed or leased-up (“Redevelopment Property”), properties that have recently been acquired ("Acquisition Properties") and properties that have been disposed ("Disposition Properties"). A developed property is considered leased-up, when it achieves occupancy of 80% or more. We move a property in and out of Same Properties based on whether the property is substantially leased-up and in operation for the entirety of both periods of the comparison.

For the comparison of the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 to the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, the Redevelopment Property is Landing on Bayou Cane (See "Development Activities" in Management's Overview). The change in revenues and expenses of the Redevelopment Property from ~~2022~~2023 to ~~2023~~2024 is primarily due to the lease-up of the property in 2023 as the restored units were placed in service. ~~The~~ There were no Acquisition Properties ~~are the VAA Holdback Portfolio (See "Other Developments"~~ ~~in Management's Overview), which include~~ ~~Blue Lake Villas, Blue Lake Villas Phase II, Northside on Travis, Parc at Denham Springs, Residences at Holland Lake, Villas of Park West I and Villas of Park West II. The~~ or Disposition Properties ~~are Fruitland Park,~~ f~~Sugar Mill Phase III and~~ ~~Toulon.~~

~~Table~~or the comparison of ~~Contents~~the three months ended March 31, 2024 to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and ~~2022~~2023:


		Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023		2022		Variance			2023		2022		Variance
				Three Months Ended March 31,
				Three Months Ended March 31,
				Three Months Ended March 31,
								2024							2024	2023	Variance
Multifamily Segment	Multifamily Segment
Revenue	Revenue	$	7,899	$	2,850	$	5,049		$	22,930	$	9,024	$	13,906
Revenue
Revenue
Operating expenses	Operating expenses	(4,811)		(1,966)		(2,845)			(12,997)		(5,395)		(7,602)
		3,088		884		2,204			9,933		3,629		6,304
								3,834
Commercial Segment	Commercial Segment
Revenue	Revenue	3,939		4,720		(781)			11,306		13,286		(1,980)
Revenue
Revenue
Operating expenses	Operating expenses	(2,632)		(2,735)		103			(7,583)		(7,146)		(437)
		1,307		1,985		(678)			3,723		6,140		(2,417)
								811
Segment operating income	Segment operating income	4,395		2,869		1,526			13,656		9,769		3,887
Other non-segment items of income (expense)	Other non-segment items of income (expense)
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	(3,313)		(2,193)		(1,120)			(9,615)		(6,840)		(2,775)
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization
General, administrative and advisory	General, administrative and advisory	(3,544)		(4,190)		646			(14,118)		(14,233)		115
Interest income, net	Interest income, net	7,774		3,387		4,387			19,583		4,020		15,563
Loss on early extinguishment of debt		—		(1,166)		1,166			(1,710)		(2,805)		1,095

Gain on foreign currency transactions	Gain on foreign currency transactions	—		1,533		(1,533)			993		19,437		(18,444)
Gain on sale or write down of assets		—		1,539		(1,539)			188		16,580		(16,392)
Gain on foreign currency transactions
Gain on foreign currency transactions

Income from joint venture
Income from joint venture
Income from joint venture	Income from joint venture	85		464,085		(464,000)			798		470,428		(469,630)
Other expense	Other expense	(635)		(87,288)		86,653			(422)		(86,539)		86,117
Net income	Net income	$	4,762	$	378,576	$	(373,814)		$	9,353	$	409,817	$	(400,464)

Comparison of the three months ended ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 to the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022:~~March 31, 2023:

Our ~~$373.8~~$1.0 million decrease in net income is primarily attributed to the following:

•The increase in profit from the multifamily segment is primarily due to an increase of ~~$2.0 million from the~~ ~~Acquisition Properties and~~ ~~$0.3 million from the~~ ~~Same Properties~~ ~~offset in part by a decrease of~~ $0.1 million from the ~~Disposition Properties.~~Redevelopment Property due to the lease up of the property in 2023.

•The decrease in profit from the commercial segment is primarily due to a decrease in revenue as a result of a decline in occupancy at ~~Stanford Center and an increase in insurance cost~~.Browning Place.

•The ~~increase~~decrease in general, administrative and advisory expenses is primarily due to a reduction in legal, auditing and other administrative expenses associated with the bonds payable, which were repaid in 2023.

•The decrease in interest income, net is due to a ~~$2.3~~$2.7 million ~~increase~~decrease in interest income ~~and~~offset in part by a ~~$2.1~~$1.2 million decrease in interest expense. The ~~increase~~decrease in interest income is primarily due to ~~our investment of cash distributions received from~~the change in interest rates on the UHF notes in 2023 and the change in interest rates on the ~~VAA~~Pillar Receivable in ~~2022 (See "Other Developments"~~ in ~~Management's Overview~~).2024. The decrease in interest expense is primarily due to the repayment of the bonds payable in 2023 ~~and the repayment of mortgage notes payable on properties sold in 2022~~ (See "~~Acquisitions and Dispositions~~Financing Activities" ~~in Management's Overview).~~

•~~The loss on early extinguishment of debt in 2022 is due to the early repayment of the mortgage note payable on Sugar Mill Phase III (See Financing Activities"~~ in Management's Overview).

•The decrease in gain on foreign currency transactions is due to the ~~repayment of our~~ bonds payable that were outstanding in 2023.

•~~The decrease in gain on sale or write down of assets is primarily due to the sale of Sugar Mill Phase III in 2022 (See "Acquisitions and Dispositions" in Management's Overview).~~

•~~The decrease in income from joint venture is primarily due to our share of the gain on the sale of the VAA Sale Portfolio (See "Other Developments" in Management's Overview) in 2022.~~

•~~The decrease in other expense is primarily due to the $80.4 million decrease in our tax provision as a result of the sale of the VAA Sale Portfolio in 2022.~~

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~~Comparison of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to the nine months ended September 30, 2022:~~

~~Our $400.5 million decrease in net income is primarily attributed to the following:~~

•~~The increase in profit from the multifamily segment is primarily due to an increase of $6.2 million from the~~ ~~Acquisition Properties,~~ ~~$0.4 million from the~~ ~~Redevelopment Property~~ ~~and $0.2 million from the~~ ~~Same Properties~~ ~~offset in part by a decrease of $0.5 million from the Disposition Properties.~~

•~~The decrease in profit from the commercial segment is primarily due to a decrease in revenue as a result of decline in occupancy at~~ ~~Stanford Center and an increase in insurance cost~~.

•The increase in interest income, net is due to a $9.8 million increase in interest income and a $5.7 million decrease in interest expense. The increase in interest income is due to a $7.7 million increase in interest income from cash equivalents and short-term investments and a $2.1 million increase in interest from notes receivables and related party receivables. The increase in interest income from investments is primarily due to our investment of cash distributions received from ~~VAA~~ ~~in 2022 (See "Other Developments"~~ in ~~Management's Overview~~).

~~The decrease in interest expense is primarily due to the repayment of the bonds payable in 2023 and the repayment of mortgage notes payable on properties sold in 2022 (See "Acquisitions and Dispositions" in Management's Overview) offset in part by the interest on the mortgage notes payable from the~~ ~~Acquisition Properties~~.

•~~The decrease in gain on foreign currency transactions is due to the repayment of our bonds payable in 2023 and changes in exchange rates during the period that the bonds were outstanding.~~

•~~The decrease in gain on sale or write down of assets is primarily due to the $9.4 million gain on the sales of~~ ~~Toulon~~ ~~and Sugar Mill Phase III in 2022 (See "Acquisitions and Dispositions" in Management's Overview) and a $4.6 million decrease in gain on the sale of land parcels in 2023.~~

•~~The decrease in income from joint venture is primarily due to our share of the gain on sale of the VAA Sale Portfolio (See "Other Developments" in Management's Overview) in 2022.~~

•~~The decrease in other expense income is primarily due to the $85.5 million decrease in the tax provision as a result of the sale of the VAA Sale Portfolio in 2022.~~

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of cash have been, and will continue to be, property operations; proceeds from land and income-producing property sales; collection of notes receivable; refinancing of existing mortgage notes payable; and additional borrowings, including mortgage notes and bonds payable, and lines of credit.

Our principal liquidity needs are to fund normal recurring expenses; meet debt service and principal repayment obligations including balloon payments on maturing debt; fund capital expenditures, including tenant improvements and leasing costs; fund development costs not covered under construction loans; and fund possible property acquisitions.

We anticipate that our cash and cash equivalents as of ~~September 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024, along with cash that will be generated from notes, related party receivables and investment in cash equivalents and short-term investments, will be sufficient to meet all of our cash requirements. We may selectively sell land and income-producing assets, refinance or extend real estate debt and seek additional borrowings secured by real estate to meet our liquidity requirements. Although history cannot predict the future, historically, we have been successful at refinancing and extending a portion of our current maturity obligations.

The following summary discussion of our cash flows is based on the consolidated statements of cash flows in our consolidated financial statements, and is not meant to be an all-inclusive discussion of the changes in our cash flows for the periods presented below (dollars in thousands):

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023 2022 Variance
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities $ 7,846 $ (5,394) $ 13,240
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities $ (9,566) $ 153,350 $ (162,916)
Net cash used in financing activities $ (137,260) $ (71,524) $ (65,736)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		Variance
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	3,869	$	1,533	$	2,336
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	$	11,574	$	(24,212)	$	35,786
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(1,456)	$	(89,127)	$	87,671

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The increase in cash provided by operating activities is primarily due to ~~an increase~~a decrease in interest ~~income and rents provided by the~~ ~~Acquisition Properties~~ (See "Acquisitions and Dispositions" in Management's Overview). The increase in interest income is primarily due to an increase in short-term investments and cash equivalents and an increase in interest rates.payments.

The ~~$162.9~~$35.8 million ~~change~~increase in cash from investing activities is primarily due to the ~~$159.3~~$51.1 million increase in net redemption of short-term investments offset in part by the $18.0 million decrease in distribution from joint venture. The distribution from joint venture in ~~2022 (See "Other Developments" in Management's Overview) and~~2023 relates to the ~~$44.4 million~~final distribution of proceeds from the sale of ~~real estate~~the VAA Sale Portfolio in ~~2022 (See "~~2022.~~Acquisitions and Dispositions" in Management's Overview), offset in part by the $44.7~~

The $87.7 million ~~net redemption of short-term investments in 2023.~~

~~The $65.7 million increase~~decrease in cash used in financing activities is primarily due to the ~~$87.4~~$88.3 million ~~increase in the payments of the bond payable offset in part by the $20.8 million decrease in~~ repayment ~~of mortgage and other notes payable. The increase in payments on bonds payable is primarily due to the payoff~~ of our bonds in ~~2023 (See "Financing Activities" in Management's Overview) and the decrease in the repayment of the mortgage and other notes payable is primarily due to the payoff of the mortgage notes on~~ ~~Toulon~~ ~~and Sugar Mill Phase III in 2022 in connection with the sales of the underlying properties.~~2023.

Funds From Operations ("FFO")

We use FFO in addition to net income to report our operating and financial results and consider FFO and FFO-diluted as supplemental measures for the real estate industry and a supplement to GAAP measures. The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("Nareit") defines FFO as net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains ~~(or losses)~~or (losses) from sales of properties, plus real estate related depreciation and amortization, impairment write-downs of real estate and write-downs of investments in an affiliate where the write-downs have been driven by a decrease in the value of real estate held by the affiliate and after adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures are calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis. We also present FFO excluding the impact of the effects of foreign currency transactions.

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FFO and FFO on a diluted basis are useful to investors in comparing operating and financial results between periods. This is especially true since FFO excludes real estate depreciation and amortization, as we believe real estate values fluctuate based on market conditions rather than depreciating in value ratably on a straight-line basis over time. We believe that such a presentation also provides investors with a meaningful measure of our operating results in comparison to the operating results of other real estate companies. In addition, we believe that FFO excluding gain (loss) from foreign currency transactions provide useful supplemental information regarding our performance as they show a more meaningful and consistent comparison of our operating performance and allows investors to more easily compare our results.

We believe that FFO does not represent cash flow from operations as defined by GAAP, should not be considered as an alternative to net income as defined by GAAP, and is not indicative of cash available to fund all cash flow needs. We also caution that FFO, as presented, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other real estate companies.

We compensate for the limitations of FFO by providing investors with financial statements prepared according to GAAP, along with this detailed discussion of FFO and a reconciliation of net income to FFO and FFO-diluted. We believe that to further understand our performance, FFO should be compared with our reported net income and considered in addition to cash flows in accordance with GAAP, as presented in our consolidated financial statements.

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The following table reconciles net income attributable to the Company to FFO and FFO adjusted for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2024 and 2023 ~~and 2022~~ (dollars and shares in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Net income attributable to the Company $ 4,451 $ 378,351 $ 8,498 $ 409,314
Depreciation and amortization 3,313 2,193 9,615 6,840
Gain on sale or write down of assets, net — (1,539) (188) (16,580)
Gain on sale of land — — 188 4,752
Gain on sale of assets from unconsolidated joint ventures at our pro rata share — (392,051) — (392,051)
Depreciation and amortization on unconsolidated joint venture at our pro rata share — 4,509 — 8,229
FFO-Basic and Diluted 7,764 (8,537) 18,113 20,504
Loss on early extinguishment of debt — 1,166 1,710 2,805
Loss on early extinguishment of debt from unconsolidated joint venture at our pro rata share — 15,254 — 15,254
Gain on foreign currency transactions — (1,533) (993) (19,437)
FFO-adjusted $ 7,764 $ 6,350 $ 18,830 $ 19,126


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2024		2023
Net income attributable to the Company		$	2,549	$	3,517
Depreciation and amortization		3,172		3,102




FFO-Basic and Diluted		5,721		6,619


Gain on foreign currency transactions		—		(971)
FFO-adjusted		$	5,721	$	5,648

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS

Optional and not included.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Based on an evaluation by our management (with the participation of our Principal Executive and Financial Officer), as of the end of the period covered by this report, our Principal Executive and Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive and Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) during the most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in the ~~2022~~2023 10-K. For a discussion on these risk factors, please see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” contained in the ~~2022~~2023 10-K.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

We have a program that allows for the repurchase of up to 1,637,000 shares of our common stock. This repurchase program has no termination date. There were no shares purchased under this program during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2023.~~March 31, 2024. As of ~~September 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, 1,230,535 shares have been purchased and 406,465 shares may be purchased under the program.

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ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The following exhibits are filed with this report or incorporated by reference as indicated;


Exhibit Number						Description

3.0						Articles of Incorporation of Transcontinental Realty Investors, Inc., (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 3.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1991).

3.1						Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Transcontinental Realty Investors, Inc., (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 3, 1996).

3.2						Certificate of Amendment of Articles of Incorporation of Transcontinental Realty Investors, Inc., dated October 10, 2000 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2000).

3.3						Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Transcontinental Realty Investors, Inc., setting forth the Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of Series A Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, dated October 20, 1998 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998).

3.4						Certificate of Designation of Transcontinental Realty Investors, Inc., setting forth the Voting Powers, Designations, References, Limitations, Restriction and Relative Rights of Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, dated October 23, 2000 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2000).

3.5						Certificate of Designation of Transcontinental Realty Investors, Inc., setting forth the Voting Powers, Designating, Preferences, Limitations, Restrictions and Relative Rights of Series C Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, dated September 28, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2001).

3.6						Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Transcontinental Realty Investors, Inc., Decreasing the Number of Authorized Shares of and Eliminating Series B Preferred Stock dated December 14, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.7 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001).

3.7						By-Laws of Transcontinental Realty Investors, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 3.2 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1991).

3.8						Certificate of Designation of Transcontinental Realty Investors, Inc., setting forth the Voting Powers, Designations, Preferences, Limitations, Restrictions and Relative Rights of Series D Cumulative Preferred Stock filed August 14, 2006 with the Secretary of State of Nevada (incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K for event dated November 21, 2006 at Exhibit 3.8 thereof).

10.1						Advisory Agreement dated as of April 30, 2011, between Transcontinental Realty Investors, Inc., and Pillar Income Asset Management, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s current report on Form 8-K for event occurring May 2, 2011).

31.1*						Certification of the Principal Executive and Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and 15d-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.



32.1*						Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

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101.INS						XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* Filed herewith.

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SIGNATURE PAGE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	TRANSCONTINENTAL REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

Date: ~~November~~May 9, ~~2023~~2024	By:	/s/ ERIK L. JOHNSON
		Erik L. Johnson
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

3127


Bond Issuance	December 31, 2022		Interest Rate		Maturity
Series A Bonds(1)	$	28,971	7.30	%	7/31/23
Series B Bonds(1)	35,806		6.80	%	7/31/25
Series C Bonds(2)	66,546		4.65	%	1/31/23
	131,323
Less unamortized deferred issuance costs	(2,105)
	$	129,218