UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019

Commission File No. 001-11241

CATERPILLAR FINANCIAL SERVICES CORPORATION

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		37-1105865
(State of incorporation)		(IRS Employer I.D. No.)

2120 West End Ave. , Nashville, Tennessee		37203-0001
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code:(615) 341-1000



Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
	Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
	Medium-Term Notes, Series H, 3.300% Notes Due 2024	CAT/24	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [ü ] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [ü ] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	[ ]	Accelerated filer	[ ]
Non-accelerated filer	[ü ]	Smaller reporting company	[ ]
		Emerging growth company	[ ]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes [ ] No [ü ]

As of ~~October 31, 2018~~,August 1, 2019, one share of common stock of the registrant was outstanding, which is owned by Caterpillar Inc.

The registrant is a wholly owned subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc. and meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction (H)(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-Q, and is therefore filing this form with the reduced disclosure format.

UNAUDITED

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

In addition to the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements for Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, "Cat Financial," "the Company," "we," "us" or "our"), we suggest that you read our ~~2017~~2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February ~~15, 2018.~~14, 2019. The Company files electronically with the SEC required reports on Form 8-K, Form 10-Q, Form ~~10-K and~~10-K; registration statements on Form ~~S-3~~S-3; and other forms or reports as required. The SEC maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Copies of our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to these reports filed or furnished with the SEC are available free of charge through ~~Caterpillar Inc.’s~~Caterpillar’s website (www.caterpillar.com/secfilings) as soon as reasonably practicable after filing with the SEC. ~~Copies may also be obtained free of charge by writing to: Legal Dept., Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, 2120 West End Ave., Nashville, Tennessee 37203-0001.~~ In addition, the public may obtain more detailed information about our parent company, Caterpillar, ~~Inc.,~~ by visiting its website (www.caterpillar.com). None of the information contained at any time on our website ~~Caterpillar’s website~~ or ~~the SEC’s~~Caterpillar’s website is incorporated by reference into this document.

UNAUDITED

Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF PROFIT

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in Millions)


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2019			2018			2019			2018

Revenues:
Retail finance	$	330		$	309		$	975		$	924		$	350		$	328		$	685		$	645
Operating lease	259			247			760			737			257			257			515			501
Wholesale finance	108			79			304			222			131			105			250			196
Other, net	38			38			109			128			19			33			43			71
Total revenues	735			673			2,148			2,011			757			723			1,493			1,413

Expenses:
Interest	194			169			558			499			200			190			401			364
Depreciation on equipment leased to others	208			201			616			608			204			209			406			408
General, operating and administrative	109			113			326			319			126			107			250			217
Provision for credit losses	47			48			218			82			71			104			124			171
Other	11			12			28			36			9			8			19			17
Total expenses	569			543			1,746			1,544			610			618			1,200			1,177

Other income (expense)	(3		)	(4		)	(15		)	(10		)	(6		)	(5		)	(10		)	(12		)

Profit before income taxes	163			126			387			457			141			100			283			224

Provision for income taxes	32			38			85			137			57			24			95			53

Profit of consolidated companies	131			88			302			320			84			76			188			171

Less: Profit attributable to noncontrolling interests	6			2			15			5			5			5			11			9

Profit ¹	$	125		$	86		$	287		$	315
Profit⁽¹⁾													$	79		$	71		$	177		$	162

¹⁽¹⁾Profit attributable to Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

UNAUDITED

Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in Millions)


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2019			2018			2019			2018

Profit of consolidated companies	$	131		$	88		$	302		$	320		$	84		$	76		$	188		$	171

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation, net of tax (expense)/benefit of: 2018 $(3) three months, $(18) nine months; 2017 $30 three months, $94 nine months	(50		)	154			(241		)	395
Foreign currency translation, net of tax (expense)/benefit of: 2019 $7 three months, $3 six months; 2018 $(31) three months, $(15) six months													18			(262		)	33			(191		)
Derivative financial instruments:
Gains (losses) deferred, net of tax (expense)/benefit of: 2018 $(14) three months, $(36) nine months; 2017 $8 three months, $22 nine months	42			(14		)	115			(41		)
(Gains) losses reclassified to earnings, net of tax expense/(benefit) of: 2018 $14 three months, $37 nine months; 2017 $(7) three months, $(23) nine months	(42		)	11			(118		)	41
Available-for-sale securities:
Gains (losses) deferred, net of tax (expense)/benefit of: 2018 $0 three months, $0 nine months; 2017 $0 three months, $0 nine months	—			(1		)	—			—
(Gains) losses reclassified to earnings, net of tax expense/(benefit) of: 2018 $0 three months, $0 nine months; 2017 $0 three months, $0 nine months	—			—			—			—
Gains (losses) deferred, net of tax (expense)/benefit of: 2019 $5 three months, $6 six months; 2018 $(29) three months, $(22) six months													(19		)	99			(22		)	73
(Gains) losses reclassified to earnings, net of tax expense/(benefit) of: 2019 $- three months, $3 six months; 2018 $28 three months, $23 six months													(3		)	(96		)	(14		)	(76		)
Total Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(50		)	150			(244		)	395			(4		)	(259		)	(3		)	(194		)

Comprehensive income (loss)	81			238			58			715			80			(183		)	185			(23		)

Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests	—			5			7			11			3			(3		)	11			7

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation	$	81		$	233		$	51		$	704		$	77		$	(180	)	$	174		$	(30	)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

UNAUDITED

Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in Millions, except share data)


	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017			June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	676		$	708		$	760		$	766
Finance receivables, net	27,512			27,126			28,297			27,923
Notes receivable from Caterpillar	667			559			640			662
Equipment on operating leases,
less accumulated depreciation	3,594			3,568
Deferred and refundable income taxes	205			174
Equipment on operating leases, net							3,575			3,562
Other assets	1,183			1,025			1,293			1,268
Total assets	$	33,837		$	33,160		$	34,565		$	34,181

Liabilities and shareholder’s equity:
Payable to dealers and others	$	145		$	190		$	411		$	117
Payable to Caterpillar - other	68			85
Payable to Caterpillar - borrowings and other							1,389			1,601
Accrued expenses	248			274			289			259
Income taxes payable	145			158
Payable to Caterpillar - borrowings	1,565			1,638
Short-term borrowings	4,462			4,836			5,266			5,723
Current maturities of long-term debt	5,801			6,188			6,235			5,820
Long-term debt	17,450			15,918			17,107			16,995
Deferred income taxes and other liabilities	631			609
Other liabilities							834			817
Total liabilities	30,515			29,896			31,531			31,332

Commitments and contingent liabilities (Notes 7 and 9)
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Notes 8 and 10)

Common stock - $1 par value
Authorized: 2,000 shares; Issued and
outstanding: one share (at paid-in amount)	745			745			745			745
Additional paid-in capital	2			2			2			2
Retained earnings	3,256			2,969			2,954			2,874
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	(828		)	(592		)	(831		)	(925		)
Noncontrolling interests	147			140			164			153
Total shareholder’s equity	3,322			3,264			3,034			2,849

Total liabilities and shareholder’s equity	$	33,837		$	33,160		$	34,565		$	34,181

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

UNAUDITED

Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in Millions)


Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017	Common stock		Additional paid-in capital		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)			Noncontrolling interests			Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	745	$	2	$	3,108	$	(995	)	$	125		$	2,985
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018																Common stock		Additional paid-in capital		Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)			Noncontrolling interests			Total
Balance at March 31, 2018																$	745	$	2	$	3,060		$	(533	)	$	150		$	3,424
Profit of consolidated companies					315					5			320							71						5			76
Foreign currency translation, net of tax							389			6			395										(254		)	(8		)	(262		)
Derivative financial instruments, net of tax							—						—										3						3
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	745	$	2	$	3,423	$	(606	)	$	136		$	3,700
Balance at June 30, 2018																$	745	$	2	$	3,131		$	(784	)	$	147		$	3,241

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Balance at March 31, 2019																$	745	$	2	$	2,875		$	(829	)	$	161		$	2,954
Profit of consolidated companies																				79						5			84
Foreign currency translation, net of tax																							20			(2		)	18
Derivative financial instruments, net of tax																							(22		)				(22		)
Balance at June 30, 2019																$	745	$	2	$	2,954		$	(831	)	$	164		$	3,034

Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	745	$	2	$	2,969	$	(592	)	$	140		$	3,264		$	745	$	2	$	2,969		$	(592	)	$	140		$	3,264
Profit of consolidated companies					287					15			302							162						9			171
Foreign currency translation, net of tax							(233		)	(8		)	(241		)								(189		)	(2		)	(191		)
Derivative financial instruments, net of tax							(3		)				(3		)								(3		)				(3		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	745	$	2	$	3,256	$	(828	)	$	147		$	3,322
Balance at June 30, 2018																$	745	$	2	$	3,131		$	(784	)	$	147		$	3,241

Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Balance at December 31, 2018																$	745	$	2	$	2,874		$	(925	)	$	153		$	2,849
Profit of consolidated companies																				177						11			188
Foreign currency translation, net of tax																							33			—			33
Derivative financial instruments, net of tax																							(36		)				(36		)
Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance⁽¹⁾																				(97		)	97						—
Balance at June 30, 2019																$	745	$	2	$	2,954		$	(831	)	$	164		$	3,034

⁽¹⁾See Note 2 regarding new accounting guidance related to reclassification of certain tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss).

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

UNAUDITED

Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in Millions)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Profit of consolidated companies	$	302		$	320		$	188		$	171
Adjustments for non-cash items:
Depreciation and amortization	626			616			413			414
Amortization of receivables purchase discount	(274		)	(180		)	(231		)	(177		)
Provision for credit losses	218			82			124			171
Other, net	93			16			74			67
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Receivables from others	(11		)	69
Other receivables/payables with Caterpillar	(19		)	1
Other assets							56			(1		)
Payable to dealers and others	(32		)	(31		)	294			(42		)
Accrued interest payable	22			3
Accrued expenses and other liabilities, net	11			(4		)
Income taxes payable	(67		)	38
Settlements of designated derivatives	13			(7		)
Accrued expenses							(38		)	(13		)
Other payables with Caterpillar							(4		)	(29		)
Other liabilities							31			(52		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	882			923			907			509

Cash flows from investing activities:
Expenditures for equipment on operating leases	(1,093		)	(1,012		)	(694		)	(799		)
Capital expenditures - excluding equipment on operating leases	(99		)	(6		)	(11		)	(95		)
Proceeds from disposals of equipment	619			753			354			454
Additions to finance receivables	(10,151		)	(9,765		)	(7,027		)	(6,823		)
Collections of finance receivables	9,132			10,192			6,543			6,142
Net changes in Caterpillar purchased receivables	(484		)	(161		)	15			(608		)
Proceeds from sales of receivables	416			98			119			124
Net change in variable lending to Caterpillar	(18		)	(1,051		)	69			(39		)
Additions to other notes receivable with Caterpillar	(390		)	(53		)	(80		)	(90		)
Collections on other notes receivable with Caterpillar	300			56			33			42
Proceeds from sale of securities	—			4
Settlements of undesignated derivatives	(2		)	23			(31		)	(4		)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	(1,770		)	(922		)	(710		)	(1,696		)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in variable lending from Caterpillar	(63		)	(105		)	(118		)	(109		)
Payments on borrowings with Caterpillar	—			(49		)	(93		)	—
Proceeds from debt issued (original maturities greater than three months)	7,026			6,972			5,340			4,307
Payments on debt issued (original maturities greater than three months)	(5,636		)	(5,718		)	(4,897		)	(4,433		)
Short-term borrowings, net (original maturities three months or less)	(479		)	(2,207		)	(436		)	1,453
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	848			(1,107		)	(204		)	1,218

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(13		)	23			(2		)	(9		)

Increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(53		)	(1,083		)	(9		)	22
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year⁽¹⁾	732			1,824			773			732
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period⁽¹⁾	$	679		$	741		$	764		$	754

⁽¹⁾As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, restricted cash, which is included in Other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, was $3$4 million and ~~$24~~$7 million, respectively. Restricted cash primarily includes cash related to syndication ~~activities and certain tax deferred transactions which were discontinued in 2018 due to U.S. tax reform legislation.~~activities.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

UNAUDITED

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)


1.	Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of (a) the consolidated profit for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, (b) the consolidated comprehensive income for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, (c) the consolidated financial position as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, (d) the consolidated changes in shareholder's equity for the ~~nine~~three and six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018 and (e) the consolidated cash flows for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017.~~2018. The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts. Significant estimates include residual values for leased assets, allowance for credit losses and income taxes. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017 (2017~~2018 (2018 Form 10-K) filed with the SEC on February ~~15, 2018.~~14, 2019. The December 31, ~~2017~~2018 financial position data included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the ~~2017~~2018 Form 10-K but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. Certain amounts for prior periods have been reclassified to conform with current period financial statement presentation.

We consolidate all variable interest entities (VIEs) where we are the primary beneficiary. For VIEs, we assess whether we are the primary beneficiary as prescribed by the accounting guidance on the consolidation of VIEs. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is the party that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the entity. Please refer to Note 78 for more information.

We have customers and dealers that are VIEs of which we are not the primary beneficiary. Although we have provided financial support to these entities and therefore have a variable interest, we do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact their economic performance. Our maximum exposure to loss from our involvement with these VIEs is limited to the credit risk inherently present in the financial support that we have provided. These risks are evaluated and reflected in our financial statements as part of our overall portfolio of finance receivables and related allowance for credit losses.


2.	New Accounting Pronouncements


A.	Adoption of New Accounting Standards

~~Revenue recognition~~Lease accounting (Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02) – In ~~May 2014,~~February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued new revenue recognition guidance to provide a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers. Under the new guidance, an entity will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers at an amount that the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. A five step model has been introduced for an entity to apply when recognizing revenue. The new guidance also includes enhanced disclosure requirements. The guidance was effective January 1, 2018, and was applied on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

~~Recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities –~~ In January 2016, the FASB issued accounting guidance that affects the accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities accounted for under the fair value option and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. Under the new guidance, all equity investments in unconsolidated entities (other than those accounted for using the equity method of accounting) will generally be measured at fair value through earnings. There will no longer be an available-for-sale classification for equity securities with readily determinable fair values. For financial liabilities when the fair value option has been elected, changes in fair value due to instrument-specific credit risk will be recognized separately in other comprehensive income. In addition, the FASB clarified guidance related to the valuation allowance assessment when recognizing deferred tax assets resulting from unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities. The guidance was effective January 1, 2018, and was applied on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

~~UNAUDITED~~

~~Lease accounting –~~ ~~In February 2016, the FASB~~ issued accounting guidance that revises the accounting for leases. Under the new guidance, lessees are required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for substantially all leases. The new guidance will continue to classify leases as either financing or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition. The accounting applied by a lessor under the new guidance will be substantially equivalent to current lease accounting ~~guidance except for certain targeted improvements that are intended to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model. Entities have the option to adopt the~~guidance. The new guidance using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings applied either to the beginning of the earliest period presented or the beginning of the period of adoption. We will adopt the new guidancewas effective January 1, 2019 and was applied using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2019. The prior period comparative information has not been recasted and continues to be reported under the ~~beginning of the period of adoption.~~accounting guidance in effect for those periods.

The new guidance provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. We ~~plan to elect~~elected the "package of practical ~~expedients",~~expedients," which allows us not to reassess under the new guidance our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. We dodid not ~~expect to~~ elect the use-of-hindsight practical expedient. In addition, the new guidance provides practical expedients for an entity’s ongoing ~~accounting that we are still evaluating such as whether or~~lessee accounting. We have elected not to separate lease and non-lease ~~components.~~components for the majority of our asset classes. We ~~plan to elect~~have elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify which means we will not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for these ~~leases.~~leases with a term of twelve months or less.

We are currently designing new processes and controls, cataloging and entering our leases into a recently implemented software solution and evaluating our population of leased assets to assess the effect of the new guidance on our financial statements. While we continue to assess theThe most significant effects of adoption ~~we believe the most significant effects~~ relate to the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on our balance sheet for operating leases and providing new disclosures about our leasing activities. ~~We also~~The adoption did not have a ~~team evaluating~~material impact on our results of operations.

UNAUDITED

In March 2019, the ~~impact~~FASB issued Leases - Codification improvements (ASU 2019-01) which amended the new leasing guidance. Under these amendments, lessors that are not manufacturers or dealers will use their cost, less any discounts that may apply, as the fair value of the ~~changes~~underlying asset, and lessors within the scope of Financial Services-Depository and Lending guidance will present all principal payments received under leases within investment activities on the statement of cash flows. We adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2019, and the adoption did not have a material impact to ~~lessor accounting.~~our financial statements.

See Note 4 for additional information.

~~Measurement~~Reclassification of ~~credit~~certain tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income (ASU 2018-02) – In February 2018, the FASB issued accounting guidance to allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from U.S. tax reform legislation. We adopted the guidance effective January 1, 2019 and the resulting reclassification was included in the period of adoption. The reclassification resulted in decreased retained earnings and increased AOCI of $97 million.

The following ASUs were effective January 1, 2019 and did not have a material impact on our financial statements:



ASU	Description
2017-12	Derivatives and hedging - Targeted improvements


B.	Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted

Credit losses ~~on financial instruments~~(ASU 2016-13) – In June 2016, the FASB issued accounting guidance to introduce a new model for recognizing credit losses on financial instruments based on an estimate of current expected credit losses. The new guidance will apply to loans, accounts receivable, trade receivables, other financial assets measured at amortized cost, loan commitments and other off-balance sheet credit exposures. The new guidance will also apply to debt securities and other financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. The new guidance is effective January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted beginning January 1, 2019. ~~We are in the process of evaluating~~An implementation team continues to evaluate data requirements and methodologies and has started designing new processes and controls. The team is also modeling results to assess the effect of the new guidance on our financial statements.

~~Classification for certain cash receipts and cash payments –~~ ~~In August 2016, the FASB issued accounting guidance related~~ We plan to the presentation and classification of certain transactions in the statement of cash flows where diversity in practice exists. The guidance was effective January 1, 2018, and was applied on a retrospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

~~Classification of restricted cash –~~ In November 2016, the FASB issued accounting guidance related to the presentation and classification of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows where diversity in practice exists. The guidance was effective January 1, 2018, and was applied on a retrospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

~~Derivatives and hedging –~~ In August 2017, the FASB issued accounting guidance to better align hedge accounting with a company’s risk management activities, simplify the application of hedge accounting and improve the disclosures of hedging arrangements. The new guidance is required to be applied on a modified retrospective basis, resulting in a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening retained earnings in the period of adoption. We will adopt the new guidance effective January 1, ~~2019.~~ 2020.

We ~~have completed~~consider the ~~evaluation of the~~applicability and impact of ~~the new standard~~all ASUs. ASUs not listed above were assessed and doeither determined to be not ~~expect the adoption~~applicable or not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

~~Reclassification of certain tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income –~~ In February 2018, the FASB issued accounting guidance to allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from U.S. tax reform legislation. The new guidance is required to be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period affected by U.S. tax reform legislation. The guidance is effective January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the effect of the new guidance on our financial statements.

~~UNAUDITED~~


3.	Finance Receivables

A summary of finance receivables included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position was as follows:

(Millions of dollars) September 30,
2018 December 31,
2017
Finance leases and installment sale contracts – Retail $ 15,544
$ 14,647
Retail notes receivable 8,382
9,417
Wholesale notes receivable 4,781
4,161
Finance leases and installment sale contracts – Wholesale 147
119
28,854
28,344
Less: Unearned income (926 ) (853 )
Recorded investment in finance receivables 27,928
27,491
Less: Allowance for credit losses (416 ) (365 )
Total finance receivables, net $ 27,512

$ 27,126



(Millions of dollars)	June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Retail loans, net⁽¹⁾	$	15,482		$	15,509
Retail leases, net⁽²⁾	7,683			7,499
Caterpillar purchased receivables, net	4,837			4,691
Wholesale loans, net⁽¹⁾	729			626
Wholesale leases, net	89			109
Recorded investment in finance receivables	28,820			28,434
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(523		)	(511		)
Total finance receivables, net⁽³⁾	$	28,297		$	27,923

⁽¹⁾Includes failed sale leasebacks.

⁽²⁾Includes $9 million of finance leases with Caterpillar as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

⁽³⁾Includes $65 million and $0 million of finance receivables classified as held for sale as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

UNAUDITED

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is an estimate of the losses inherent in our finance receivable portfolio and includes consideration of accounts that have been individually identified as impaired, as well as pools of finance receivables where it is probable that certain receivables in the pool are impaired but the individual accounts cannot yet be identified. In identifying and measuring impairment, management takes into consideration past loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of underlying collateral and current economic conditions.

Accounts are identified for individual review based on past-due status and information available about the customer, such as financial statements, news reports and published credit ratings, as well as general information regarding industry trends and the economic environment in which our customers operate. The allowance for credit losses attributable to finance receivables that are individually evaluated and determined to be impaired is based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the receivables' effective interest rate, the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent receivables or the observable market price of the receivable. In determining collateral value, we estimate the current fair market value of the collateral less selling costs. We also consider credit enhancements such as additional collateral and contractual third-party guarantees. The allowance for credit losses attributable to the remaining accounts not yet individually identified as impaired is estimated based on loss forecast models utilizing probabilities of default, our estimate of the loss emergence period and the estimated loss given default. In addition, qualitative factors not able to be fully captured in our loss forecast models including industry trends, macroeconomic factors and model imprecision are considered in the evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. These qualitative factors are subjective and require a degree of management judgment.

Our allowance for credit losses is segregated into three portfolio segments:

Customer - Finance receivables with ~~retail~~end-user customers.

Dealer - Finance receivables with Caterpillar dealers.

Caterpillar Purchased Receivables - Trade receivables purchased from Caterpillar entities.

A portfolio segment is the level at which the Company develops a systematic methodology for determining its allowance for credit losses.

~~UNAUDITED~~

We further evaluate our portfolio segments by the class of finance receivables, which is defined as a level of information (below a portfolio segment) in which the finance receivables have the same initial measurement attribute and a similar method for assessing and monitoring credit risk. Typically, our finance receivables within a geographic area have similar credit risk profiles and methods for assessing and monitoring credit risk. Our classes, which align with management reporting for credit losses, are as follows:

North America - Finance receivables originated in the United States and Canada.

~~Europe~~EAME - Finance receivables originated in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Asia/Pacific - Finance receivables originated in Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and ~~Southeast Asia.~~India.

Mining - Finance receivables related to large mining customers worldwide and project financing in various countries.

Latin America - Finance receivables originated in Mexico and Central and South American countries.

Caterpillar Power Finance - Finance receivables originated worldwide related to marine vessels with Caterpillar engines and Caterpillar electrical power generation, gas compression and co-generation systems and non-Caterpillar equipment that is powered by these systems.

UNAUDITED

(Millions of dollars)
September 30, 2018
Allowance for Credit Losses: Customer Dealer
Caterpillar
Purchased
Receivables
Total
Balance at beginning of year $ 353
$ 9
$ 3
$ 365
Receivables written off (181 ) —
—
(181 )
Recoveries on receivables previously written off 31
—
—
31
Provision for credit losses 216
(2 ) 1
215
Adjustment due to sale of receivables (6 ) —
—
(6 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment (8 ) —
—
(8 )
Balance at end of period $ 405
$ 7
$ 4
$ 416

Individually evaluated for impairment $ 229
$ —
$ —
$ 229
Collectively evaluated for impairment 176
7
4
187
Ending Balance $ 405
$ 7
$ 4
$ 416

Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables:

Individually evaluated for impairment $ 803
$ —
$ —
$ 803
Collectively evaluated for impairment 18,771
4,338
4,016
27,125
Ending Balance $ 19,574
$ 4,338
$ 4,016
$ 27,928

~~UNAUDITED~~



(Millions of dollars)
	June 30, 2019
Allowance for Credit Losses:	Customer			Dealer		Caterpillar Purchased Receivables		Total
Balance at beginning of year	$	486		$	21	$	4	$	511
Receivables written off	(125		)	—		—		(125		)
Recoveries on receivables previously written off	21			—		—		21
Provision for credit losses	99			24		1		124
Adjustment due to sale of receivables	(9		)	—		—		(9		)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	1			—		—		1
Balance at end of period	$	473		$	45	$	5	$	523

Individually evaluated for impairment	$	266		$	39	$	—	$	305
Collectively evaluated for impairment	207			6		5		218
Ending Balance	$	473		$	45	$	5	$	523

Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	789		$	78	$	—	$	867
Collectively evaluated for impairment	18,758			4,358		4,837		27,953
Ending Balance	$	19,547		$	4,436	$	4,837	$	28,820


(Millions of dollars)
	December 31, 2017											December 31, 2018
Allowance for Credit Losses:	Customer			Dealer			Caterpillar Purchased Receivables		Total			Customer			Dealer		Caterpillar Purchased Receivables		Total
Balance at beginning of year	$	331		$	10		$	2	$	343		$	353		$	9	$	3	$	365
Receivables written off	(157		)	—			—		(157		)	(235		)	—		—		(235		)
Recoveries on receivables previously written off	43			—			—		43			46			—		—		46
Provision for credit losses	129			(1		)	1		129			337			12		1		350
Adjustment due to sale of receivables	(1		)	—			—		(1		)	(7		)	—		—		(7		)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	8			—			—		8			(8		)	—		—		(8		)
Balance at end of year	$	353		$	9		$	3	$	365		$	486		$	21	$	4	$	511

Individually evaluated for impairment	$	149		$	—		$	—	$	149		$	288		$	14	$	—	$	302
Collectively evaluated for impairment	204			9			3		216			198			7		4		209
Ending Balance	$	353		$	9		$	3	$	365		$	486		$	21	$	4	$	511

Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	942		$	—		$	—	$	942		$	859		$	78	$	—	$	937
Collectively evaluated for impairment	18,847			4,241			3,461		26,549			18,724			4,082		4,691		27,497
Ending Balance	$	19,789		$	4,241		$	3,461	$	27,491		$	19,583		$	4,160	$	4,691	$	28,434

UNAUDITED

Credit quality of finance receivables

At origination, we evaluate credit risk based on a variety of credit quality factors including prior payment experience, customer financial information, credit-rating agency ratings, loan-to-value ratios and other internal metrics. On an ongoing basis, we monitor credit quality based on past-due status and collection experience as there is a meaningful correlation between the past-due status of customers and the risk of loss.

In determining past-due status, we consider the entire recorded investment in finance receivables past due when any installment is over 30 days past due. The tables below summarize our recorded investment in finance receivables by aging category.


(Millions of dollars)
	September 30, 2018														June 30, 2019
	31-60 Days Past Due		61-90 Days Past Due		91+ Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables		91+ Still Accruing		31-60 Days Past Due		61-90 Days Past Due		91+ Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables		91+ Still Accruing
Customer
North America	$	74	$	17	$	46	$	137	$	7,921	$	8,058	$	7	$	90	$	17	$	44	$	151	$	7,899	$	8,050	$	12
Europe	19		9		122		150		2,848		2,998		6
EAME															29		13		167		209		2,885		3,094		7
Asia/Pacific	31		14		8		53		2,885		2,938		5		38		15		25		78		3,033		3,111		12
Mining	5		—		9		14		1,623		1,637		—		3		13		19		35		1,814		1,849		—
Latin America	35		15		84		134		1,385		1,519		—		44		17		85		146		1,398		1,544		—
Caterpillar Power Finance	116		45		298		459		1,965		2,424		8		7		13		296		316		1,583		1,899		—
Dealer
North America	—		—		—		—		2,435		2,435		—		—		—		—		—		2,524		2,524		—
Europe	—		—		—		—		580		580		—
EAME															—		—		—		—		603		603		—
Asia/Pacific	—		—		—		—		502		502		—		—		—		—		—		515		515		—
Mining	—		—		—		—		4		4		—		—		—		—		—		4		4		—
Latin America	—		—		79		79		734		813		—		1		1		79		81		706		787		1
Caterpillar Power Finance	—		—		—		—		4		4		—		—		—		—		—		3		3		—
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables⁽¹⁾
North America	17		10		11		38		2,618		2,656				14		9		17		40		3,220		3,260
Europe	1		—		2		3		448		451
EAME															1		—		2		3		510		513
Asia/Pacific	2		—		1		3		588		591				—		2		3		5		587		592
Mining	—		—		—		—		—		—				—		—		—		—		—		—
Latin America	—		—		—		—		314		314				—		—		—		—		465		465
Caterpillar Power Finance	1		—		—		1		3		4				—		—		—		—		7		7
Total	$	301	$	110	$	660	$	1,071	$	26,857	$	27,928	$	26	$	227	$	100	$	737	$	1,064	$	27,756	$	28,820	$	32

⁽¹⁾Caterpillar Purchased Receivables are non-interest bearing trade receivables purchased at a discount.

UNAUDITED


(Millions of dollars)
	December 31, 2017														December 31, 2018
	31-60 Days Past Due		61-90 Days Past Due		91+ Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables		91+ Still Accruing		31-60 Days Past Due		61-90 Days Past Due		91+ Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Recorded Investment in Finance Receivables		91+ Still Accruing
Customer
North America	$	71	$	15	$	42	$	128	$	8,040	$	8,168	$	8	$	65	$	18	$	84	$	167	$	7,883	$	8,050	$	14
Europe	21		10		46		77		2,718		2,795		13
EAME															19		9		153		181		2,850		3,031		5
Asia/Pacific	18		7		14		39		2,520		2,559		5		25		9		8		42		2,923		2,965		5
Mining	3		1		60		64		1,751		1,815		9		28		1		9		38		1,642		1,680		—
Latin America	37		55		142		234		1,546		1,780		—		38		29		71		138		1,421		1,559		—
Caterpillar Power Finance	20		32		144		196		2,476		2,672		1		10		1		384		395		1,903		2,298		—
Dealer
North America	—		—		—		—		2,394		2,394		—		—		—		—		—		2,210		2,210		—
Europe	—		—		—		—		417		417		—
EAME															—		—		—		—		619		619		—
Asia/Pacific	—		—		—		—		578		578		—		—		—		—		—		514		514		—
Mining	—		—		—		—		5		5		—		—		—		—		—		4		4		—
Latin America	—		72		—		72		773		845		—		—		—		78		78		731		809		—
Caterpillar Power Finance	—		—		—		—		2		2		—		—		—		—		—		4		4		—
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables⁽¹⁾
North America	24		5		2		31		2,010		2,041				22		12		18		52		2,982		3,034
Europe	1		2		1		4		344		348
EAME															1		—		1		2		546		548
Asia/Pacific	—		—		—		—		630		630				5		1		1		7		756		763
Mining	—		—		—		—		—		—				—		—		—		—		—		—
Latin America	—		—		—		—		437		437				—		—		—		—		338		338
Caterpillar Power Finance	—		—		—		—		5		5				—		—		—		—		8		8
Total	$	195	$	199	$	451	$	845	$	26,646	$	27,491	$	36	$	213	$	80	$	807	$	1,100	$	27,334	$	28,434	$	24

⁽¹⁾Caterpillar Purchased Receivables are non-interest bearing trade receivables purchased at a discount.

UNAUDITED

Impaired finance receivables

For all classes, a finance receivable is considered impaired, based on current information and events, if it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms. Impaired finance receivables include finance receivables that have been restructured and are considered to be troubled debt restructures.

There were $78 million in impaired finance receivables with a related allowance of $39 million and $14 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, for the Dealer portfolio segment, all of which was in Latin America. There were no impaired finance receivables as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, for the ~~Dealer and~~ Caterpillar Purchased Receivables portfolio ~~segments.~~segment. Our recorded investment in impaired finance receivables and the related unpaid principal balances and allowance for the Customer portfolio segment were as follows:


(Millions of dollars)
	As of September 30, 2018						As of December 31, 2017						As of June 30, 2019						As of December 31, 2018
Impaired Finance Receivables With No Allowance Recorded	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance
North America	$	17	$	17	$	—	$	19	$	19	$	—	$	11	$	11	$	—	$	10	$	10	$	—
Europe	2		1		—		45		45		—
EAME													1		1		—		1		1		—
Asia/Pacific	29		29		—		34		33		—		—		—		—		1		1		—
Mining	34		34		—		121		121		—		26		26		—		33		33		—
Latin America	31		31		—		45		45		—		21		21		—		29		29		—
Caterpillar Power Finance	61		74		—		160		172		—		52		52		—		69		83		—
Total	$	174	$	186	$	—	$	424	$	435	$	—	$	111	$	111	$	—	$	143	$	157	$	—
Impaired Finance Receivables With An Allowance Recorded
North America	$	41	$	39	$	18	$	44	$	43	$	17	$	28	$	28	$	10	$	40	$	41	$	14
Europe	66		66		36		9		8		5
EAME													101		101		56		92		92		57
Asia/Pacific	2		2		1		8		8		2		10		10		3		4		4		2
Mining	58		58		22		—		—		—		63		62		20		56		55		26
Latin America	61		61		34		95		106		42		70		69		26		75		75		25
Caterpillar Power Finance	401		408		118		362		365		83		406		420		151		449		455		164
Total	$	629	$	634	$	229	$	518	$	530	$	149	$	678	$	690	$	266	$	716	$	722	$	288
Total Impaired Finance Receivables
North America	$	58	$	56	$	18	$	63	$	62	$	17	$	39	$	39	$	10	$	50	$	51	$	14
Europe	68		67		36		54		53		5
EAME													102		102		56		93		93		57
Asia/Pacific	31		31		1		42		41		2		10		10		3		5		5		2
Mining	92		92		22		121		121		—		89		88		20		89		88		26
Latin America	92		92		34		140		151		42		91		90		26		104		104		25
Caterpillar Power Finance	462		482		118		522		537		83		458		472		151		518		538		164
Total	$	803	$	820	$	229	$	942	$	965	$	149	$	789	$	801	$	266	$	859	$	879	$	288

UNAUDITED


(Millions of dollars)
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018				Three Months Ended September 30, 2017				Three Months Ended June 30, 2019				Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Impaired Finance Receivables With No Allowance Recorded	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
North America	$	19	$	—	$	14	$	1	$	10	$	—	$	18	$	1
Europe	4		—		47		—
EAME									1		—		7		—
Asia/Pacific	30		1		30		1		—		—		29		—
Mining	35		—		128		1		29		1		45		1
Latin America	37		1		68		1		20		1		43		—
Caterpillar Power Finance	94		2		171		1		41		—		189		1
Total	$	219	$	4	$	458	$	5	$	101	$	2	$	331	$	3
Impaired Finance Receivables With An Allowance Recorded
North America	$	47	$	—	$	44	$	—	$	35	$	—	$	56	$	—
Europe	59		—		6		—
EAME									94		—		48		1
Asia/Pacific	2		—		28		1		9		—		5		—
Mining	60		1		—		—		39		—		64		1
Latin America	51		1		102		1		74		2		65		1
Caterpillar Power Finance	374		4		251		3		443		4		356		3
Total	$	593	$	6	$	431	$	5	$	694	$	6	$	594	$	6
Total Impaired Finance Receivables
North America	$	66	$	—	$	58	$	1	$	45	$	—	$	74	$	1
Europe	63		—		53		—
EAME									95		—		55		1
Asia/Pacific	32		1		58		2		9		—		34		—
Mining	95		1		128		1		68		1		109		2
Latin America	88		2		170		2		94		3		108		1
Caterpillar Power Finance	468		6		422		4		484		4		545		4
Total	$	812	$	10	$	889	$	10	$	795	$	8	$	925	$	9

UNAUDITED


(Millions of dollars)
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017				Six Months Ended June 30, 2019				Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Impaired Finance Receivables With No Allowance Recorded	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
North America	$	17	$	1	$	12	$	1	$	10	$	—	$	18	$	1
Europe	17		—		48		1
EAME									1		—		23		—
Asia/Pacific	31		2		22		2		—		—		31		1
Mining	65		2		128		5		30		1		78		2
Latin America	41		2		69		2		23		1		44		1
Caterpillar Power Finance	149		5		233		7		51		1		178		3
Total	$	320	$	12	$	512	$	18	$	115	$	3	$	372	$	8
Impaired Finance Receivables With An Allowance Recorded
North America	$	51	$	1	$	52	$	1	$	37	$	1	$	53	$	1
Europe	41		1		6		—
EAME									94		1		32		1
Asia/Pacific	5		—		35		2		8		—		6		—
Mining	43		2		—		—		42		1		36		1
Latin America	69		3		101		3		75		3		76		2
Caterpillar Power Finance	364		8		141		4		446		7		355		4
Total	$	573	$	15	$	335	$	10	$	702	$	13	$	558	$	9
Total Impaired Finance Receivables
North America	$	68	$	2	$	64	$	2	$	47	$	1	$	71	$	2
Europe	58		1		54		1
EAME									95		1		55		1
Asia/Pacific	36		2		57		4		8		—		37		1
Mining	108		4		128		5		72		2		114		3
Latin America	110		5		170		5		98		4		120		3
Caterpillar Power Finance	513		13		374		11		497		8		533		7
Total	$	893	$	27	$	847	$	28	$	817	$	16	$	930	$	17

Recognition of income is suspended and the finance receivable is placed on non-accrual status when management determines that collection of future income is not probable (generally after 120 days past due). Recognition is resumed and previously suspended income is recognized when the finance receivable becomes current and collection of remaining amounts is considered probable. Payments received while the finance receivable is on non-accrual status are applied to interest and principal in accordance with the contractual terms.

As of ~~September~~June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were ~~$79~~$78 million in finance receivables on non-accrual status for the Dealer portfolio segment, all of which was in Latin America. ~~As of December 31, 2017, there were no finance receivables on non-accrual status for the Dealer portfolio segment.~~ The recorded investment in Customer finance receivables on non-accrual status was as follows:


(Millions of dollars)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
North America	$	44	$	38	$	37	$	77
Europe	124		37
EAME					165		154
Asia/Pacific	4		10		13		4
Mining	10		63		20		50
Latin America	118		192		98		106
Caterpillar Power Finance	451		343		447		416
Total	$	751	$	683	$	780	$	807

UNAUDITED

Troubled debt restructurings

A restructuring of a finance receivable constitutes a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) when the lender grants a concession it would not otherwise consider to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. Concessions granted may include extended contract maturities, inclusion of interest only periods, below market interest rates, extended skip payment periods and reduction of principal and/or accrued interest.

As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, there were no additional funds committed to lend to a borrower whose terms have been modified in a TDR.

There were no finance receivables modified as TDRs during the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018 for the Dealer or Caterpillar Purchased Receivables portfolio segments. Our recorded investment in finance receivables in the Customer portfolio segment modified as TDRs were as follows:

(Dollars in millions) Three Months Ended
September 30, 2018 Three Months Ended
September 30, 2017

Number of
Contracts

Pre-TDR
Recorded
Investment

Post-TDR
Recorded
Investment

Number of
Contracts

Pre-TDR
Recorded
Investment

Post-TDR
Recorded
Investment
North America 4
$ —
$ —
11
$ 4
$ 5
Europe —
—
—
1
—
—
Latin America —
—
—
3
21
22
Caterpillar Power Finance 2
40
40
5
51
44
Total 6
$ 40
$ 40
20
$ 76
$ 71

Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2017

Number of
Contracts

Pre-TDR
Recorded
Investment

Post-TDR
Recorded
Investment

Number of
Contracts

Pre-TDR
Recorded
Investment

Post-TDR
Recorded
Investment
North America 34
$ 13
$ 13
37
$ 13
$ 13
Europe —
—
—
2
—
—
Asia/Pacific —
—
—
6
39
30
Mining 1
29
29
2
57
56
Latin America 1
3
3
17
26
27
Caterpillar Power Finance⁽¹⁾
7
93
60
59
319
305
Total 43
$ 138
$ 105
123
$ 454
$ 431

⁽¹⁾In Caterpillar Power Finance, during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, 44 contracts with a pre-TDR recorded investment of $200 million and a post-TDR recorded investment of $200 million were related to four customers.

~~UNAUDITED~~

~~TDRs in the Customer portfolio segment with a payment default (defined as 91+ days past due) which had been modified within twelve months prior to the default date, were as follows:~~


(Dollars in millions)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018			Three Months Ended September 30, 2017			Three Months Ended June 30, 2019					Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
	Number of Contracts	Post-TDR Recorded Investment		Number of Contracts	Post-TDR Recorded Investment		Number of Contracts	Pre-TDR Recorded Investment		Post-TDR Recorded Investment		Number of Contracts	Pre-TDR Recorded Investment		Post-TDR Recorded Investment
North America	7	$	9	—	$	—	8	$	5	$	4	17	$	7	$	7
EAME							2	10		10		—	—		—
Asia/Pacific							—	—		—		—	—		—
Mining							1	6		6		—	—		—
Latin America	1	—		1	—		4	2		2		—	—		—
Caterpillar Power Finance	3	33		—	—		7	47		47		2	50		17
Total	11	$	42	1	$	—	22	$	70	$	69	19	$	57	$	24

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017			Six Months Ended June 30, 2019					Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
	Number of Contracts	Post-TDR Recorded Investment		Number of Contracts	Post-TDR Recorded Investment		Number of Contracts	Pre-TDR Recorded Investment		Post-TDR Recorded Investment		Number of Contracts	Pre-TDR Recorded Investment		Post-TDR Recorded Investment
North America	10	$	10	—	$	—	8	$	5	$	4	30	$	13	$	13
EAME							21	21		17		—	—		—
Asia/Pacific							—	—		—		—	—		—
Mining							1	6		6		1	29		29
Latin America	3	1		241	16		4	2		2		1	3		3
Caterpillar Power Finance	3	33		—	—		15	98		97		5	53		20
Total	16	$	44	241	$	16	49	$	132	$	126	37	$	98	$	65


4.	Leases


A.	Lessor Arrangements

We lease Caterpillar equipment, machinery, engines and other equipment to customers primarily through sales-type (non-tax) leases, where the lessee for tax purposes is considered to be the owner of the equipment during the term of the lease. We also offer tax leases that are classified as either operating or direct finance leases for financial accounting purposes, depending on the characteristics of the lease. For tax purposes, we are considered the owner of the equipment.

Our lease agreements may include options for the lessee to purchase the underlying asset at the end of the lease term for either a stated fixed price or fair market value.

UNAUDITED

The residual values for leased assets, which are an estimate of the market value of leased equipment at the end of the lease term, are based on an analysis of historical wholesale market sales prices, projected forward on a level trend line without consideration for inflation or possible future pricing action. At the inception of the lease, residual values are estimated with consideration of the following critical factors: market size and demand, any known significant market/product trends, total expected hours of usage, machine configuration, application, location, model changes, quantities, past remarketing experience, third-party residual guarantees and contractual customer purchase options. Many of these factors are gathered in an application survey that is completed prior to quotation. The lease agreement also clearly defines applicable return conditions and remedies for non-compliance, to ensure that the leased equipment will be in good operating condition upon return. Model changes and updates, as well as market strength and product acceptance, are monitored and adjustments are made to residual values in accordance with the significance of any such changes. Our sales staff work closely with customers and dealers to manage the sale of lease returns and the recovery of residual exposure.

The residuals for leases classified as operating leases are included in Equipment on operating leases, net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The residuals for leases classified as finance leases are included in Finance receivables, net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

During the term of our operating leases, we evaluate the carrying value of our equipment on a regular basis taking into consideration expected residual values at lease termination. Adjustments to depreciation expense reflecting revised estimates of expected residual values at the end of the lease terms are recorded prospectively on a straight-line basis. For finance leases, residual value adjustments are recognized through a reduction of finance revenue.

Contractual maturities for finance lease receivables (classified as sales-type and direct finance leases) were as follows:



(Millions of dollars)	June 30, 2019
Amounts due in	Retail leases			Wholesale leases			Total
Remaining six months of 2019	$	1,834		$	14		$	1,848
2020	2,606			21			2,627
2021	1,543			14			1,557
2022	716			6			722
2023	302			3			305
Thereafter	149			2			151
Total	7,150			60			7,210
Guaranteed residual value	411			33			444
Unguaranteed residual value	835			2			837
Unearned income	(713		)	(6		)	(719		)
Total	$	7,683		$	89		$	7,772



(Millions of dollars)	December 31, 2018
Amounts due in	Retail leases			Wholesale leases			Total
2019	$	3,024		$	29		$	3,053
2020	2,055			21			2,076
2021	1,092			12			1,104
2022	465			5			470
2023	171			2			173
Thereafter	62			2			64
Total	6,869			71			6,940
Guaranteed residual value	416			42			458
Unguaranteed residual value	854			3			857
Unearned income	(640		)	(7		)	(647		)
Total	$	7,499		$	109		$	7,608

UNAUDITED

Our finance lease receivables generally may be repaid or refinanced without penalty prior to contractual maturity and we also sell finance lease receivables to third parties to mitigate the concentration of credit risk with certain customers. Accordingly, this presentation should not be regarded as a forecast of future cash collections.

Components of equipment on operating leases, less accumulated depreciation, were as follows:



(Millions of dollars)
	June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Equipment on operating leases, at cost	$	5,249		$	5,201
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(1,674		)	(1,639		)
Equipment on operating leases, net ⁽¹⁾	$	3,575		$	3,562

⁽¹⁾ Includes $66 million and $45 million of operating leases with Caterpillar as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The carrying amount of residual assets covered by residual value guarantees and subject to operating leases was $21 million and $25 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

At June 30, 2019, payments due for operating leases were as follows:



(Millions of dollars)
Remaining Six Months of 2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Thereafter		Total
$	525	$	620	$	346	$	165	$	69	$	31	$	1,756

At December 31, 2018, scheduled minimum rental payments for operating leases were as follows:



(Millions of dollars)
2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Thereafter		Total
$	808	$	503	$	257	$	115	$	41	$	15	$	1,739

We also sell operating lease receivables to third parties to mitigate the concentration of credit risk with certain customers. Accordingly, this presentation should not be regarded as a forecast of future cash collections.

Revenue from finance and operating leases were as follows:



(Millions of dollars)
	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019		Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Finance lease revenue (included in retail and wholesale finance revenue)	$	135	$	253
Operating lease revenue	257		515
Total	$	392	$	768

We typically pay property taxes on tax leases directly to the taxing authorities and invoice the lessee for reimbursement. These property tax reimbursements are accounted for as variable lease payments and are included in Operating lease revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Profit. We individually assess our operating lease receivables for impairment. If collectability of a recorded operating lease receivable is not considered probable, we recognize a current-period adjustment against operating lease revenue.

UNAUDITED


B.	Lessee Arrangements

We lease certain property, vehicles and other equipment primarily through operating leases. We recognize a lease liability and corresponding right-of-use asset based on the present value of lease payments. To determine the present value of lease payments for most of our leases, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on information available on the lease commencement date. We have elected not to separate payments for lease components from non-lease components. Our lease agreements may include options to extend or terminate the lease. When it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option, we have included the option in the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. Our variable lease costs primarily include maintenance, taxes and insurance. We have elected not to recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for leases with a term of twelve months or less.

Our finance leases are not significant and therefore are not included in the following disclosures.

The components of lease cost were as follows:



(Millions of dollars)
	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019		Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	2	$	4
Short-term lease cost	$	1	$	1
Variable lease cost	$	—	$	—

Supplemental information related to operating leases was as follows:



(Millions of dollars)
	Consolidated Statements of Financial Position Location	June 30, 2019			January 1, 2019
Right-of-use assets	Other assets	$	20		$	22
Lease liabilities	Other liabilities	$	20		$	23
Weighted average remaining lease term		4 years			4 years
Weighted average discount rate		2.6		%	2.6		%

At June 30, 2019, maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:



(Millions of dollars)
Remaining six months of 2019	$	4
2020	6
2021	4
2022	3
2023	2
Thereafter	2
Total lease payments	21
Less: imputed interest	(1		)
Total	$	20

UNAUDITED

At December 31, 2018, minimum payments for operating leases having initial non-cancelable terms in excess of one year were as follows:



(Millions of dollars)
2019	$	8
2020	6
2021	4
2022	2
2023	2
Thereafter	2
Total	$	24

Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases was as follows:



(Millions of dollars)
	Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	4
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations⁽¹⁾	$	24

⁽¹⁾Includes a $23 million impact of initial recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.


5.	Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management

Our earnings and cash flow are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. Our Risk Management Policy (policy) allows for the use of derivative financial instruments to manage foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate exposures. Our policy specifies that derivatives are not to be used for speculative purposes. Derivatives that we use are primarily foreign currency forward, option and cross currency contracts and interest rate contracts. Our derivative activities are subject to the management, direction and control of our senior financial officers. Risk management practices, including the use of financial derivative instruments, are presented to our Board of Directors and the Audit Committee of the Caterpillar Inc. Board of Directors at least annually.

All derivatives are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at their fair value. On the date the derivative contract is entered into, the derivative instrument is (1) designated as a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability (fair value hedge), (2) designated as a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows (cash flow hedge) or (3) undesignated. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is qualified, designated and highly effective as a fair value hedge, along with the gain or loss on the hedged recognized asset or liability that is attributable to the hedged risk, are recorded in current earnings. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is qualified, designated and highly effective as a cash flow hedge are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) (AOCI), to the extent effective, on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position until they are reclassified to earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of undesignated derivative instruments ~~and the ineffective portion of designated derivative instruments~~ are reported in current earnings. Cash flows from designated derivative financial instruments are classified within the same category as the item being hedged on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Cash flows from undesignated derivative financial instruments are included in the investing category on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

We formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as the risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as fair value hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and linking cash flow hedges to specific forecasted transactions or variability of cash flow.

We also formally assess, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the designated derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flow of hedged items. When a derivative is determined not to be highly effective as a hedge or the underlying hedged transaction is no longer probable, we discontinue hedge accounting prospectively in accordance with derecognition criteria for hedge accounting.

UNAUDITED

Foreign currency exchange rate risk

We have balance sheet positions and expected future transactions denominated in foreign currencies, thereby creating exposure to movements in exchange rates. In managing foreign currency risk, our objective is to minimize earnings volatility resulting from conversion and the remeasurement of net foreign currency balance sheet positions and future transactions denominated in foreign currencies. Our policy allows the use of foreign currency forward, option and cross currency contracts to offset the risk of currency mismatch between our assets and liabilities and exchange rate risk associated with future transactions denominated in foreign currencies. Our foreign currency forward and option contracts are primarily undesignated. We designate fixed-to-fixed cross currency contracts as cash flow hedges to protect against movements in exchange rates on foreign currency fixed-rate assets and liabilities.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate movements create a degree of risk by affecting the amount of our interest payments and the value of our fixed-rate debt. Our practice is to use interest rate contracts to manage our exposure to interest rate changes.

We have a match-funding policy that addresses interest rate risk by aligning the interest rate profile (fixed or floating rate and duration) of our debt portfolio with the interest rate profile of our finance receivable portfolio within predetermined ranges on an ongoing basis. In connection with that policy, we use interest rate derivative instruments to modify the debt structure to match assets within the finance receivable portfolio. This matched funding reduces the volatility of margins between interest-bearing assets and interest-bearing liabilities, regardless of which direction interest rates move.

Our policy allows us to use fixed-to-floating, floating-to-fixed and floating-to-floating interest rate contracts to meet the match-funding objective. We designate fixed-to-floating interest rate contracts as fair value hedges to protect debt against changes in fair value due to changes in the benchmark interest rate. We designate most floating-to-fixed interest rate contracts as cash flow hedges to protect against the variability of cash flows due to changes in the benchmark interest rate.

As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, $3 million of deferred net ~~gains,~~losses, net of tax, included in equity (AOCI in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position), related to our floating-to-fixed interest rate contracts, are expected to be reclassified to Interest expense over the next twelve months. The actual amount recorded in Interest expense will vary based on interest rates at the time the hedged transactions impact earnings.

We have, at certain times, liquidated fixed-to-floating interest rate contracts that resulted in deferred gains at the time of liquidation. The deferred gains associated with these interest rate contracts are included in Long-term debt in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and are being amortized to Interest expense over the remaining term of the previously designated hedged item.

The location and fair value of derivative instruments reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position were as follows:


(Millions of dollars)		Asset (Liability) Fair Value							Asset (Liability) Fair Value
	Consolidated Statements of Financial Position Location	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017			Consolidated Statements of Financial Position Location	June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Designated derivatives
Interest rate contracts	Other assets	$	10		$	3		Other assets	$	6		$	4
Interest rate contracts	Accrued expenses	(3		)	(2		)	Accrued expenses	(71		)	(40		)
Cross currency contracts	Other assets	81			7			Other assets	62			88
Cross currency contracts	Accrued expenses	(17		)	(57		)	Accrued expenses	(17		)	(9		)
		$	71		$	(49	)		$	(20	)	$	43
Undesignated derivatives
Foreign exchange contracts	Other assets	$	42		$	12		Other assets	$	11		$	15
Foreign exchange contracts	Accrued expenses	(19		)	(9		)	Accrued expenses	(18		)	(12		)
Cross currency contracts	Other assets	7			—			Other assets	5			5
Cross currency contracts								Accrued expenses	(2		)	(2		)
		$	30		$	3			$	(4	)	$	6

UNAUDITED

The total notional amount of our derivative instruments was ~~$7.52~~$8.74 billion and ~~$3.69~~$10.21 billion as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively. The notional amounts of derivative financial instruments do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amounts exchanged by the parties are calculated by reference to the notional amounts and by other terms of the derivatives, such as foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates.

The effect of derivatives designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Profit was as follows:

Fair Value Hedges
(Millions of dollars) Three Months Ended
September 30, 2018 Three Months Ended
September 30, 2017
Classification
Gains
(Losses)
on
Derivatives

Gains
(Losses)
on
Borrowings

Gains
(Losses)
on
Derivatives

Gains
(Losses)
on
Borrowings
Interest rate contracts Other income (expense) $ —
$ —
$ —
$ —

Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2017
Classification
Gains
(Losses)
on
Derivatives

Gains
(Losses)
on
Borrowings

Gains
(Losses)
on
Derivatives

Gains
(Losses)
on
Borrowings
Interest rate contracts Other income (expense) $ (2 ) $ 2
$ (1 ) $ 1

~~UNAUDITED~~

																				Cash Flow Hedges
(Millions of dollars)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018									Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
				Recognized in Earnings									Recognized in Earnings
	Amounts of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)			Classification	Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings (Effective Portion)			Recognized in Earnings (Ineffective Portion)		Amounts of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI			Classification	Amounts of Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI			Amount of the line items in the Consolidated Statements of Profit
Interest rate contracts	$	3		Interest expense	$	—		$	—	$	(34	)	Interest expense	$	—		$	(200	)
Cross currency contracts	53			Other income (expense)	51			—		10			Other income (expense)	(4		)	(6		)
				Interest expense	5			—					Interest expense	7			(200		)
	$	56			$	56		$	—	$	(24	)		$	3

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017									Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
				Recognized in Earnings									Recognized in Earnings
	Amounts of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)			Classification	Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings (Effective Portion)			Recognized in Earnings (Ineffective Portion)		Amounts of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)			Classification	Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings (Effective Portion)			Recognized in Earnings (Ineffective Portion)
Interest rate contracts	$	(1	)	Interest expense	$	1		$	—	$	5		Interest expense	$	—		$	—
Cross currency contracts	(21		)	Other income (expense)	(20		)	—		123			Other income (expense)	119			—
				Interest expense	1			—					Interest expense	5			—
	$	(22	)		$	(18	)	$	—	$	128			$	124		$	—

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018									Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
				Recognized in Earnings									Recognized in Earnings
	Amounts of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)			Classification	Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings (Effective Portion)			Recognized in Earnings (Ineffective Portion)		Amounts of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI			Classification	Amounts of Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI			Amount of the line items in the Consolidated Statements of Profit
Interest rate contracts	$	8		Interest expense	$	1		$	—	$	(60	)	Interest expense	$	1		$	(401	)
Cross currency contracts	143			Other income (expense)	141			—		32			Other income (expense)	2			(10		)
				Interest expense	13			—					Interest expense	14			(401		)
	$	151			$	155		$	—	$	(28	)		$	17

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017									Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
				Recognized in Earnings									Recognized in Earnings
	Amounts of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)			Classification	Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings (Effective Portion)			Recognized in Earnings (Ineffective Portion)		Amounts of Gains (Losses) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)			Classification	Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings (Effective Portion)			Recognized in Earnings (Ineffective Portion)
Interest rate contracts	$	(1	)	Interest expense	$	2		$	—	$	5		Interest expense	$	1		$	—
Cross currency contracts	(62		)	Other income (expense)	(69		)	—		90			Other income (expense)	90			—
				Interest expense	3			—					Interest expense	8			—
	$	(63	)		$	(64	)	$	—	$	95			$	99		$	—

UNAUDITED

The effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Profit was as follows:


(Millions of dollars)		Three Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,
	Classification	2018		2017			Classification	2019			2018
Foreign exchange contracts	Other income (expense)	$	12	$	14		Other income (expense)	$	(9	)	$	18
Cross currency contracts	Other income (expense)	1		(3		)	Other income (expense)	(1		)	5
		$	13	$	11			$	(10	)	$	23

		Nine Months Ended September 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	Classification	2018		2017			Classification	2019			2018
Foreign exchange contracts	Other income (expense)	$	23	$	25		Other income (expense)	$	(38	)	$	11
Cross currency contracts	Other income (expense)	6		(4		)	Other income (expense)	(1		)	5
		$	29	$	21			$	(39	)	$	16

We enter into International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) master netting agreements that permit the net settlement of amounts owed under their respective derivative contracts. Under these master netting agreements, net settlement generally permits us or the counterparty to determine the net amount payable for contracts due on the same date and in the same currency for similar types of derivative transactions. The master netting agreements generally also provide for net settlement of all outstanding contracts with a counterparty in the case of an event of default or a termination event.

Collateral is generally not required of the counterparties or us under the master netting agreements. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, no cash collateral was received or pledged under the master netting agreements.

The effect of net settlement provisions of the master netting agreements on our derivative balances upon an event of default or a termination event was as follows:


Offsetting of Derivative Assets and Liabilities	Offsetting of Derivative Assets and Liabilities							Offsetting of Derivative Assets and Liabilities
(Millions of dollars)	(Millions of dollars)							(Millions of dollars)	June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
		September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Derivative Assets	Derivative Assets							Derivative Assets
Gross Amount of Recognized Assets	Gross Amount of Recognized Assets	$	140		$	22		Gross Amount of Recognized Assets	$	84		$	112
Gross Amounts Offset	Gross Amounts Offset	—			—			Gross Amounts Offset	—			—
Net Amount of Assets⁽¹⁾	Net Amount of Assets⁽¹⁾	140			22			Net Amount of Assets⁽¹⁾	84			112
Gross Amounts Not Offset	Gross Amounts Not Offset	(31		)	(10		)	Gross Amounts Not Offset	(19		)	(34		)
Net Amount	Net Amount	$	109		$	12		Net Amount	$	65		$	78

Derivative Liabilities	Derivative Liabilities							Derivative Liabilities
Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities	Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities	$	(39	)	$	(68	)	Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities	$	(108	)	$	(63	)
Gross Amounts Offset	Gross Amounts Offset	—			—			Gross Amounts Offset	—			—
Net Amount of Liabilities⁽¹⁾	Net Amount of Liabilities⁽¹⁾	(39		)	(68		)	Net Amount of Liabilities⁽¹⁾	(108		)	(63		)
Gross Amounts Not Offset	Gross Amounts Not Offset	31			10			Gross Amounts Not Offset	19			34
Net Amount	Net Amount	$	(8	)	$	(58	)	Net Amount	$	(89	)	$	(29	)

⁽¹⁾ As presented in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

UNAUDITED


5.6.	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)

Comprehensive income/(loss) and its components are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax, included in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholder's Equity, consisted of the following:

(Millions of dollars)
Foreign
currency
translation

Derivative
financial
instruments

Available-for-
sale securities
Total

Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Balance at June 30, 2017 $ (756 ) $ 2
$ 1
$ (753 )
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before
reclassifications
151
(14 ) (1 ) 136
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive (income)/loss
—
11
—
11
Other comprehensive income/(loss) 151
(3 ) (1 ) 147
Balance at September 30, 2017 $ (605 ) $ (1 ) $ —
$ (606 )

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Balance at June 30, 2018 $ (776 ) $ (8 ) $ —
$ (784 )
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before
reclassifications
(44 ) 42
—
(2 )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive (income)/loss
—
(42 ) —
(42 )
Other comprehensive income/(loss) (44 ) —
—
(44 )
Balance at September 30, 2018 $ (820 ) $ (8 ) $ —
$ (828 )

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Balance at December 31, 2016 $ (994 ) $ (1 ) $ —
$ (995 )
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before
reclassifications
389
(41 ) —
348
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive (income)/loss
—
41
—
41
Other comprehensive income/(loss) 389
—
—
389
Balance at September 30, 2017 $ (605 ) $ (1 ) $ —
$ (606 )

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Balance at December 31, 2017 $ (587 ) $ (5 ) $ —
$ (592 )
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before
reclassifications
(233 ) 115
—
(118 )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive (income)/loss
—
(118 ) —
(118 )
Other comprehensive income/(loss) (233 ) (3 ) —
(236 )
Balance at September 30, 2018 $ (820 ) $ (8 ) $ —
$ (828 )



(Millions of dollars)	Foreign currency translation			Derivative financial instruments			Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	(522	)	$	(11	)	$	(533	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	(254		)	99			(155		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income)/loss	—			(96		)	(96		)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	(254		)	3			(251		)
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	(776	)	$	(8	)	$	(784	)

Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	(778	)	$	(51	)	$	(829	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	20			(19		)	1
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income)/loss	—			(3		)	(3		)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	20			(22		)	(2		)
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	(758	)	$	(73	)	$	(831	)

Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	(587	)	$	(5	)	$	(592	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	(189		)	73			(116		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income)/loss	—			(76		)	(76		)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	(189		)	(3		)	(192		)
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	(776	)	$	(8	)	$	(784	)

Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(889	)	$	(36	)	$	(925	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	33			(22		)	11
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income)/loss	—			(14		)	(14		)
Adjustment to adopt new accounting guidance⁽¹⁾	98			(1		)	97
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	131			(37		)	94
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	(758	)	$	(73	)	$	(831	)

⁽¹⁾See Note 2 regarding new accounting guidance related to reclassification of certain tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss).

UNAUDITED

The effect of the reclassifications out of Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) on the Consolidated Statements of Profit was as follows:


(Millions of dollars)		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
Derivative financial instruments	Classification of income (expense)	2018			2017			2018			2017			Classification of income (expense)	2019			2018			2019			2018
Cross currency contracts	Other income (expense)	$	51		$	(20	)	$	141		$	(69	)	Other income (expense)	$	(4	)	$	119		$	2		$	90
Cross currency contracts	Interest expense	5			1			13			3			Interest expense	7			5			14			8
Interest rate contracts	Interest expense	—			1			1			2			Interest expense	—			—			1			1
Reclassifications before tax		56			(18		)	155			(64		)		3			124			17			99
Tax (provision) benefit		(14		)	7			(37		)	23				—			(28		)	(3		)	(23		)
Total reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	Total reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	$	42		$	(11	)	$	118		$	(41	)	Total reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	$	3		$	96		$	14		$	76


6.7.	Segment Information

A. Basis for Segment Information

We report information internally for operating segments based on management responsibility. Our operating segments ~~offer~~provide financing alternatives to customers and dealers around the world for ~~the purchase and lease of~~ Caterpillar ~~and other equipment,~~products, as well as financing for vehicles, power generation facilities and marine vessels that, in most cases, incorporate Caterpillar ~~sales to dealers.~~products. Financing plans include operating and finance leases, installment sale contracts, working capital loans and wholesale financing plans within each of the respective segments.

B. Description of Segments

We have six operating segments that offer financing services. Following is a brief description of our segments:

North America - Includes our operations in the United States and Canada.

~~Europe~~EAME - Includes our operations in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Asia/Pacific - Includes our operations in Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and ~~Southeast Asia.~~India.

Latin America - Includes our operations in Mexico and Central and South American countries.

Caterpillar Power Finance - Provides financing worldwide for marine vessels with Caterpillar engines and for Caterpillar electrical power generation, gas compression and co-generation systems and non-Caterpillar equipment that is powered by these systems.

Mining - Serves large mining customers worldwide and provides project financing in various countries.

To align with the review of operating results by the Chief Executive Officer, our segment reporting was updated effective February 1, 2018. Prior year data has been revised to conform to the current period segment presentation.

C. Segment Measurement and Reconciliations

Cash, debt and other expenses are allocated to our segments based on their respective portfolios. The related Interest expense is calculated based on the amount of allocated debt and the rates associated with that debt. The performance of each segment is assessed based on a consistent leverage ratio. The Provision for credit losses is based on each segment's respective finance receivable portfolio. Capital expenditures include expenditures for equipment on operating leases and other miscellaneous capital expenditures.

~~UNAUDITED~~

Reconciling items are created based on accounting differences between segment reporting and consolidated external reporting. For the reconciliation of profit before income taxes, we have grouped the reconciling items as follows:

Unallocated - This item is related to corporate requirements and strategies that are considered to be for the benefit of the entire organization. Also included are the consolidated results of the special purpose corporation (see Note 78 for additional information) and other miscellaneous items.

Timing - Timing differences in the recognition of costs between segment reporting and consolidated external reporting.

UNAUDITED

Methodology - Methodology differences between segment reporting and consolidated external reporting are as follows:


◦	Segment assets include off-balance sheet managed assets for which we maintain servicing responsibilities.


◦	The impact of differences between the actual leverage and the segment leverage ratios.


◦	Interest expense includes realized forward points on foreign currency forward contracts.


◦	The net gain or loss from interest rate derivatives.


◦	~~The profit attributable to noncontrolling interests is considered a component of segment profit.~~

Supplemental segment data and reconciliations to consolidated external reporting for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30 was as follows:


(Millions of dollars) 2018	External Revenues			Profit before income taxes			Interest Expense			Depreciation on equipment leased to others		Provision for credit losses			Assets at September 30, 2018			Capital expenditures
(Millions of dollars) 2019																				External Revenues			Profit before income taxes			Interest Expense			Depreciation on equipment leased to others		Provision for credit losses			Assets at June 30, 2019			Capital expenditures
North America	$	402		$	121		$	94		$	148	$	7		$	15,559		$	204	$	414		$	131		$	99		$	146	$	2		$	15,990		$	388
Europe	69			12			12			17		8			4,663			20
EAME																				73			22			13			17		(2		)	4,917			18
Asia/Pacific	92			44			29			4		—			4,477			3		105			52			29			3		5			4,737			4
Latin America	61			15			23			6		6			2,936			1		62			3			25			5		13			3,040			17
Caterpillar Power Finance	33			(21		)	13			1		34			2,502			—		26			(33		)	11			1		42			1,856			—
Mining	64			19			15			32		(7		)	2,186			67		70			7			14			32		11			2,393			26
Total Segments	721			190			186			208		48			32,323			295		750			182			191			204		71			32,933			453
Unallocated	23			(72		)	62			—		(1		)	1,923			3		15			(83		)	65			—		—			2,140			6
Timing	(9		)	6			—			—		—			70			—		(8		)	(4		)	—			—		—			22			—
Methodology	—			39			(54		)	—		—			(152		)	—		—			46			(56		)	—		—			(201		)	—
Inter-segment Eliminations ⁽¹⁾	—			—			—			—		—			(327		)	—		—			—			—			—		—			(329		)	—
Total	$	735		$	163		$	194		$	208	$	47		$	33,837		$	298	$	757		$	141		$	200		$	204	$	71		$	34,565		$	459

2017	External Revenues			Profit before income taxes			Interest Expense			Depreciation on equipment leased to others		Provision for credit losses			Assets at December 31, 2017			Capital expenditures
2018																				External Revenues			Profit before income taxes			Interest Expense			Depreciation on equipment leased to others		Provision for credit losses			Assets at December 31, 2018			Capital expenditures
North America	$	338		$	90		$	77		$	130	$	11		$	14,790		$	187	$	378		$	105		$	91		$	144	$	8		$	15,632		$	456
Europe	68			20			9			19		2			4,332			25
EAME																				71			5			13			19		13			4,862			22
Asia/Pacific	68			25			22			5		1			4,214			2		95			44			30			4		(1		)	4,639			3
Latin America	61			(16		)	30			10		17			3,407			6		63			(20		)	25			8		36			2,972			19
Caterpillar Power Finance	40			18			11			—		3			2,746			—		31			(36		)	15			—		46			2,259			—
Mining	71			12			12			36		4			2,399			88		70			11			15			33		2			2,234			31
Total Segments	646			149			161			200		38			31,888			308		708			109			189			208		104			32,598			531
Unallocated	35			(47		)	50			—		—			1,719			—		23			(65		)	62			1		—			1,957			2
Timing	(8		)	(13		)	—			1		10			53			—		(8		)	9			—			—		—			55			—
Methodology	—			37			(42		)	—		—			(256		)	—		—			47			(61		)	—		—			(159		)	—
Inter-segment Eliminations ⁽¹⁾	—			—			—			—		—			(244		)	—		—			—			—			—		—			(270		)	—
Total	$	673		$	126		$	169		$	201	$	48		$	33,160		$	308	$	723		$	100		$	190		$	209	$	104		$	34,181		$	533

⁽¹⁾ Elimination is primarily related to intercompany loans.

UNAUDITED

Supplemental segment data and reconciliations to consolidated external reporting for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30 was as follows:


(Millions of dollars) 2018	External Revenues			Profit before income taxes			Interest Expense			Depreciation on equipment leased to others		Provision for credit losses			Assets at September 30, 2018			Capital expenditures
(Millions of dollars) 2019																				External Revenues			Profit before income taxes			Interest Expense			Depreciation on equipment leased to others		Provision for credit losses			Assets at June 30, 2019			Capital expenditures
North America	$	1,141		$	321		$	267		$	427	$	32		$	15,559		$	870	$	815		$	247		$	196		$	290	$	9		$	15,990		$	567
Europe	208			24			35			56		32			4,663			56
EAME																				145			46			27			34		(3		)	4,917			41
Asia/Pacific	269			128			84			14		(5		)	4,477			10		199			94			59			6		8			4,737			10
Latin America	193			(1		)	77			21		54			2,936			28		122			6			48			11		29			3,040			19
Caterpillar Power Finance	98			(60		)	40			2		98			2,502			—		55			(49		)	24			1		68			1,856			—
Mining	196			35			45			95		1			2,186			131		139			19			28			64		13			2,393			59
Total Segments	2,105			447			548			615		212			32,323			1,095		1,475			363			382			406		124			32,933			696
Unallocated	68			(204		)	182			1		(1		)	1,923			97		34			(166		)	129			—		—			2,140			9
Timing	(25		)	12			—			—		7			70			—		(16		)	(9		)	—			—		—			22			—
Methodology	—			132			(172		)	—		—			(152		)	—		—			95			(110		)	—		—			(201		)	—
Inter-segment Eliminations ⁽¹⁾	—			—			—			—		—			(327		)	—		—			—			—			—		—			(329		)	—
Total	$	2,148		$	387		$	558		$	616	$	218		$	33,837		$	1,192	$	1,493		$	283		$	401		$	406	$	124		$	34,565		$	705

2017	External Revenues			Profit before income taxes			Interest Expense			Depreciation on equipment leased to others		Provision for credit losses			Assets at December 31, 2017			Capital expenditures
2018																				External Revenues			Profit before income taxes			Interest Expense			Depreciation on equipment leased to others		Provision for credit losses			Assets at December 31, 2018			Capital expenditures
North America	$	989		$	262		$	224		$	388	$	25		$	14,790		$	722	$	739		$	200		$	173		$	279	$	25		$	15,632		$	666
Europe	200			62			27			60		—			4,332			71
EAME																				139			12			23			39		24			4,862			36
Asia/Pacific	197			73			64			19		(5		)	4,214			5		177			84			55			10		(5		)	4,639			7
Latin America	216			(6		)	92			31		46			3,407			48		132			(16		)	54			15		48			2,972			27
Caterpillar Power Finance	119			54			32			2		10			2,746			—		65			(39		)	27			1		64			2,259			—
Mining	213			57			37			107		(5		)	2,399			168		132			16			30			63		8			2,234			64
Total Segments	1,934			502			476			607		71			31,888			1,014		1,384			257			362			407		164			32,598			800
Unallocated	100			(128		)	139			—		—			1,719			4		45			(132		)	120			1		—			1,957			94
Timing	(23		)	(20		)	—			1		11			53			—		(16		)	6			—			—		7			55			—
Methodology	—			103			(116		)	—		—			(256		)	—		—			93			(118		)	—		—			(159		)	—
Inter-segment Eliminations ⁽¹⁾	—			—			—			—		—			(244		)	—		—			—			—			—		—			(270		)	—
Total	$	2,011		$	457		$	499		$	608	$	82		$	33,160		$	1,018	$	1,413		$	224		$	364		$	408	$	171		$	34,181		$	894

⁽¹⁾ Elimination is primarily related to intercompany loans.


7.8.	Guarantees

We provide loan guarantees to third-party lenders for financing associated with machinery purchased by customers. These guarantees have varying terms and are secured by the machinery being financed. We also provide residual value guarantees to third-party lenders associated with machinery leased to customers. These guarantees have varying terms. In addition, we participate in standby letters of credit issued to third parties on behalf of our customers. These standby letters of credit have varying terms and beneficiaries and are secured by customer assets.

No significant loss has been experienced or is anticipated under any of these guarantees. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, the related recorded liability was $1 million and less than $1 ~~million.~~million, respectively. The maximum potential amount of future payments (undiscounted and without reduction for any amounts that may possibly be recovered under recourse or collateralized provisions) we could be required to make under the guarantees was ~~$87~~$99 million and ~~$91~~$97 million at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively.

UNAUDITED

We provide guarantees to repurchase certain loans of Caterpillar dealers from a special purpose corporation (SPC) that qualifies as a VIE (see Note 1 for additional information regarding the accounting guidance on the consolidation of VIEs). The purpose of the SPC is to provide short-term working capital loans to Caterpillar dealers. This SPC issues commercial paper and uses the proceeds to fund its loan program. We have a loan purchase agreement with the SPC that obligates us to purchase certain loans that are not paid at maturity. We receive a fee for providing this guarantee, which provides a source of liquidity for the SPC. We are the primary beneficiary of the SPC as our guarantees result in us having both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the SPC's economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses and therefore we have consolidated the financial statements of the SPC. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, the SPC’s assets of ~~$1.13~~$1.37 billion and ~~$1.11~~$1.15 billion, respectively, were primarily comprised of loans to dealers, which are included in Finance receivables, net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, and the SPC's liabilities of ~~$1.13~~$1.37 billion and ~~$1.11~~$1.15 billion, respectively, were primarily comprised of commercial paper, which is included in Short-term borrowings in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The assets of the SPC are not available to pay our creditors. We may be obligated to perform under the guarantee if the SPC experiences losses. No loss has been experienced or is anticipated under this loan purchase agreement.


8.9.	Fair Value Measurements


A.	Fair Value Measurements

The guidance on fair value measurements defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. This guidance also specifies a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques. Observable inputs (highest level) reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs (lowest level) reflect internally developed market assumptions. In accordance with this guidance, fair value measurements are classified under the following hierarchy:

Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs or significant value-drivers are observable in active markets.

Level 3 – Model-derived valuations in which one or more significant inputs or significant value-drivers are unobservable.

When available, we use quoted market prices to determine fair value and we classify such measurements within Level 1. In some cases where market prices are not available, we make use of observable market-based inputs to calculate fair value, in which case the measurements are classified within Level 2. If quoted or observable market prices are not available, fair value is based upon valuations in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable, including internally developed models that use, where possible, current market-based parameters such as interest rates, yield curves and currency rates. These measurements are classified within Level 3.

Fair value measurements are classified according to the lowest level input or value-driver that is significant to the valuation. A measurement may therefore be classified within Level 3 even though there may be significant inputs that are readily observable.

Fair value measurement includes the consideration of nonperformance risk. Nonperformance risk refers to the risk that an obligation (either by a counterparty or us) will not be fulfilled. For financial assets traded in an active market (Level 1), the nonperformance risk is included in the market price. For certain other financial assets and liabilities (Level 2 and 3), our fair value calculations have been adjusted accordingly.

Derivative financial instruments

The fair value of interest rate contracts is primarily based on standard industry accepted models that utilize the appropriate market-based forward swap curves and zero-coupon interest rates to determine discounted cash flows. The fair value of foreign currency forward and cross currency contracts is based on a standard industry accepted valuation ~~model~~models that ~~discounts~~discount cash flows resulting from the differential between the contract price and the market-based forward rate.

Derivative financial instruments are measured on a recurring basis at fair value and are classified as Level 2 measurements. We had derivative financial instruments in a net ~~asset~~liability position included in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position of ~~$101~~$24 million as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, and in a net ~~liability~~asset position of ~~$46~~$49 million as of December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

UNAUDITED

Impaired loans

Our impaired loans are subject to measurement at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and are classified as Level 3 measurements. A loan is considered impaired when management determines that collection of contractual amounts due is not probable. In these cases, an allowance for credit losses may be established based either on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the receivables' effective interest rate, the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent receivables or the observable market price of the receivable. In determining collateral value, we estimate the current fair market value of the collateral less selling costs. We had impaired loans carried at the fair value of ~~$366~~$417 million and ~~$341~~$469 million as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively.


B.	Fair Values of Financial Instruments

In addition to the methods and assumptions we use to record the fair value of financial instruments as discussed in the Fair Value Measurements section above, we used the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value of our financial ~~instruments.~~instruments:

Cash and cash equivalents – carrying amount approximated fair value.

Finance receivables, net – fair value was estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current rates representative of receivables with similar remaining maturities.

Restricted cash and cash equivalents – carrying amount approximated fair value.

Short-term borrowings – carrying amount approximated fair value.

Long-term debt – fair value for fixed and floating-rate debt was estimated based on quoted market prices.

Guarantees – fair value of guarantees is based on our estimate of the premium a market participant would require to issue the same guarantee in a stand-alone, arms-length transaction with an unrelated party. If quoted or observable market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that utilize current market-based assumptions.

Please refer to the table below for the fair values of our financial instruments.


(Millions of dollars)	September 30, 2018						December 31, 2017								June 30, 2019						December 31, 2018
	Carrying Amount			Fair Value			Carrying Amount			Fair Value			Fair Value Levels	Reference	Carrying Amount			Fair Value			Carrying Amount			Fair Value			Fair Value Levels	Reference
Cash and cash equivalents	$	676		$	676		$	708		$	708		1		$	760		$	760		$	766		$	766		1
Restricted cash and cash equivalents⁽²⁾	$	3		$	3		$	24		$	24		1		$	4		$	4		$	7		$	7		1
Finance receivables, net (excluding finance leases⁽¹⁾)	$	20,021		$	19,944		$	20,063		$	20,019		3	Note 3	$	20,530		$	20,733		$	20,451		$	20,510		3	Note 3
Interest rate contracts:
In a receivable position	$	10		$	10		$	3		$	3		2	Note 4	$	6		$	6		$	4		$	4		2	Note 5
In a payable position	$	(3	)	$	(3	)	$	(2	)	$	(2	)	2	Note 4	$	(71	)	$	(71	)	$	(40	)	$	(40	)	2	Note 5
Cross currency contracts:
In a receivable position	$	88		$	88		$	7		$	7		2	Note 4	$	67		$	67		$	93		$	93		2	Note 5
In a payable position	$	(17	)	$	(17	)	$	(57	)	$	(57	)	2	Note 4	$	(19	)	$	(19	)	$	(11	)	$	(11	)	2	Note 5
Foreign exchange contracts:
In a receivable position	$	42		$	42		$	12		$	12		2	Note 4	$	11		$	11		$	15		$	15		2	Note 5
In a payable position	$	(19	)	$	(19	)	$	(9	)	$	(9	)	2	Note 4	$	(18	)	$	(18	)	$	(12	)	$	(12	)	2	Note 5
Short-term borrowings	$	(4,462	)	$	(4,462	)	$	(4,836	)	$	(4,836	)	1		$	(5,266	)	$	(5,266	)	$	(5,723	)	$	(5,723	)	1
Long-term debt	$	(23,251	)	$	(23,110	)	$	(22,106	)	$	(22,230	)	2		$	(23,342	)	$	(23,596	)	$	(22,815	)	$	(22,684	)	2
Guarantees	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		3	Note 7	$	(1	)	$	(1	)	$	—		$	—		3	Note 8

⁽¹⁾AsRepresents finance leases and failed sale leasebacks of ~~September~~$7.77 billion as of June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and finance leases of$7.47 billion as of December 31, ~~2017, represents finance leases with a net carrying value of $7.49 billion and $7.06 billion, respectively.~~2018.

⁽²⁾Included in Other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

UNAUDITED


9.10.	Contingencies

We are involved in unresolved legal actions that arise in the normal course of business. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of our unresolved legal actions, we believe that these unresolved legal actions will neither individually nor in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity.


~~10.~~11.	Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes reflects an estimated annual tax rate of 29 percent in the second quarter of 2019, excluding the discrete item discussed in the following paragraph, compared with 24 percent in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2018, compared with 30 percent in the third quarter of 2017.~~2018. The ~~decrease~~increase in the estimated annual tax rate is primarily due to ~~the reduction in the U.S. corporate tax rate beginning January 1, 2018, along with~~ changes in the geographic mix of profits. In addition, a one-time only tax benefit of $7 million was recorded in the third quarter of 2018 for the write-down of net deferred tax liabilities resulting from the 2017 tax year return to provision adjustments. The write-down reflects the reduction in the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent beginning January 1, 2018.

Our analysis of U.S. tax reform legislation, updated through September 30, 2018, resulted in no other changes to the 2017 year-end provisional charge. We will continue to update our calculations as additional required information is prepared and analyzed, interpretations and assumptions are refined, and additional guidance is issued. These updates could significantly impact theThe provision for income taxes in the ~~amount~~second quarter of ~~taxes payable and~~2019 also included a $13 million charge for a valuation allowance against the deferred tax ~~asset and liability balances. We account for the new U.S. tax on global intangible low-taxed income as~~assets of a ~~period cost.~~

non-U.S. subsidiary.

UNAUDITED

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

OVERVIEW

We reported ~~third-quarter 2018~~second-quarter 2019 revenues of ~~$735~~$757 million, an increase of ~~$62~~$34 million, or 95 percent, compared with the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2017. Third-quarter 2018~~2018. Second-quarter 2019 profit was ~~$125~~$79 million, ~~a $39~~an $8 million, or 4511 percent, increase from the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2017.~~2018.

The increase in revenues was primarily due to a ~~$33~~$26 million favorable impact from higher average financing rates and a ~~$27~~$14 million favorable impact from higher average earning assets, partially offset by a $10 million unfavorable impact due to the termination of a committed credit facility with Caterpillar and the absence of the related fees.

Second-quarter 2019 profit before income taxes was $141 million, a $41 million, or 41 percent, increase from the second quarter of 2018. The increase was primarily due to a $33 million decrease in provision for credit losses and a ~~$13~~$28 million ~~favorable impact from returned or repossessed equipment.~~increase in net yield on average earning assets. These favorable impacts were partially offset by a $14 million increase in general, operating and administrative expenses and the $10 million unfavorable impact ~~from lower lending activity~~mentioned above related to the termination of a committed credit facility with Caterpillar.

Profit before income taxes was $163 million for the third quarter of 2018, compared with $126 million for the third quarter of 2017. The increase was primarily due to a $13 million favorable impact from returned or repossessed equipment, a $12 million favorable impact from higher average earning assets and an $11 million increase in net yield on average earning assets primarily due to changes in portfolio mix.

During the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2018,~~2019, retail new business volume was ~~$2.88~~$3.35 billion, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$101~~$210 million, or 46 percent, from the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2017.~~2018. The ~~increase~~decrease was primarily driven by ~~higher~~lower volume in ~~Europe,~~Asia/Pacific, North America and EAME, partially offset by ~~a decrease~~higher volume in Mining.

2018. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the allowance for credit losses totaled ~~$416~~$523 million, or ~~1.49~~1.81 percent of our recorded investment in finance receivables, compared with ~~$416~~$534 million, or ~~1.48~~1.89 percent of our recorded investment in finance receivables at ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. The allowance for credit losses at year-end ~~2017~~2018 was ~~$365~~$511 million, or ~~1.33~~1.80 percent of our recorded investment in finance receivables.

UNAUDITED

~~THIRD~~SECOND QUARTER ~~2018~~2019 COMPARED WITH ~~THIRD~~SECOND QUARTER ~~2017~~2018

Consolidated Total Revenues

_{The chart above graphically illustrates reasons for the change in Consolidated Total Revenues between thirdsecond quarter 20172018 (at left) and thirdsecond quarter 20182019 (at right). Items favorably impacting total revenues appear as upward stair steps with corresponding dollar amounts above each bar, while items negatively impacting total revenues appear as downward stair steps with dollar amounts reflected in parentheses above each bar. Management utilizes these charts internally to visually communicate results.}

Retail revenue for the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2018~~2019 was ~~$330~~$350 million, an increase of ~~$21~~$22 million from the same period in ~~2017~~2018. The increase was due to a ~~$21~~$26 million favorable impact from higher interest rates on retail finance ~~receivables.~~receivables, partially offset by a $4 million unfavorable impact from lower average earning assets. For the quarter ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019, retail average earning assets were ~~$23.12~~$22.87 billion, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$70~~$255 million from the same period in ~~2017~~2018. The annualized average yield was ~~5.71~~6.13 percent for the ~~third~~second quarter of 2019, compared with 5.66 percent for the second quarter of 2018~~, compared with~~ ~~5.37 percent~~ ~~for the~~ ~~third~~ ~~quarter of~~ ~~2017~~.

Operating lease revenue for the ~~third~~second quarter of both 2019 and 2018 was ~~$259~~$257 million. A $5 million favorable impact from property tax revenues on operating leases as a result of the new lease accounting guidance was offset by a $4 million unfavorable impact from lower average earning assets and a $1 million unfavorable impact from lower average rental rates on operating leases.

Wholesale revenue for the second quarter of 2019 was $131 million, an increase of ~~$12~~$26 million from the same period in ~~2017.~~2018. The increase was due to ~~a $10 million favorable impact from higher average rental rates on operating leases and a $2 million favorable impact from higher average earning assets.~~

~~Wholesale revenue for the third quarter of 2018 was $108 million,~~ an ~~increase of $29 million from the same period in 2017. The increase was due to a $22~~$18 million favorable impact from higher average earning assets and ~~a $7~~an $8 million favorable impact from higher interest rates on wholesale finance receivables. For the quarter ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, wholesale average earning assets were ~~$5.00~~$5.76 billion, an increase of ~~$1.06 billion~~$839 million from the same period in ~~2017.~~2018. The annualized average yield was ~~8.63~~9.13 percent for the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2018,~~2019, compared with ~~8.07~~8.51 percent for the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2017.~~2018.

Other revenue, net items were as follows:


(Millions of dollars)	Three Months Ended September 30,									Three Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			$ Change			2019			2018			$ Change
Finance receivable and operating lease fees (including late charges)	$	19		$	21		$	(2	)	$	15		$	19		$	(4	)
Fees on committed credit facility extended to Caterpillar	10			10			—			—			10			(10		)
Interest income on Notes Receivable from Caterpillar	8			21			(13		)	8			7			1
Net loss on returned or repossessed equipment	(7		)	(20		)	13			(7		)	(7		)	—
Miscellaneous other revenue, net	8			6			2			3			4			(1		)
Total Other revenue, net	$	38		$	38		$	—		$	19		$	33		$	(14	)

There was a $15 million unfavorable impact from currency on revenues in the second quarter of 2019. Currency represents the net translation impact resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates versus the U.S. dollar and is included in all financial statement line items and each of the items included in the above analysis.

UNAUDITED

Consolidated Profit Before Income Taxes

_{(1) Analysis excludes $5 million in offsetting revenues and expenses for property taxes on operating leases.}

_{The chart above graphically illustrates reasons for the change in Consolidated Profit Before Income Taxes between thirdsecond quarter 20172018 (at left) and thirdsecond quarter 20182019 (at right). Items favorably impacting profit before income taxes appear as upward stair steps with corresponding dollar amounts above each bar, while items negatively impacting profit before income taxes appear as downward stair steps with dollar amounts reflected in parentheses above each bar. Management utilizes these charts internally to visually communicate results.}

Profit before income taxes was ~~$163~~$141 million for the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2018,~~2019, compared with ~~$126~~$100 million for the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2017.~~2018. The increase was primarily due to a ~~$13~~$33 million ~~favorable impact from returned or repossessed equipment,~~decrease in provision for credit losses and a ~~$12 million favorable impact from higher average earning assets and an $11~~$28 million increase in net yield on average earning ~~assets primarily~~assets. These favorable impacts were partially offset by a $14 million increase in general, operating and administrative expenses and a $10 million unfavorable impact due to the termination of a committed credit facility with Caterpillar and the absence of the related fees.

There was a $7 million unfavorable impact from currency on profit before income taxes in the second quarter of 2019. Currency represents the net translation impact resulting from changes in ~~portfolio mix.~~foreign currency exchange rates versus the U.S. dollar and is included in all financial statement line items and each of the items included in the above analysis.

Provision for Income Taxes

UNAUDITED

~~NINE~~SIX MONTHS ENDED ~~SEPTEMBER~~JUNE 30, ~~2018~~2019 VS. ~~NINE~~SIX MONTHS ENDED ~~SEPTEMBER~~JUNE 30, ~~2017~~2018

Consolidated Total Revenues

_{The chart above graphically illustrates reasons for the change in Consolidated Total Revenues between SeptemberJune YTD 20172018 (at left) and SeptemberJune YTD 20182019 (at right). Items favorably impacting total revenues appear as upward stair steps with corresponding dollar amounts above each bar, while items negatively impacting total revenues appear as downward stair steps with dollar amounts reflected in parentheses above each bar. Management utilizes these charts internally to visually communicate results.}

Retail revenue for the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2018~~2019 was ~~$975~~$685 million, an increase of ~~$51~~$40 million from the same period in ~~2017.~~2018. The increase was due to a ~~$49~~$47 million favorable impact from higher interest rates on retail finance receivables, ~~and~~partially offset by a $2$7 million ~~favorable~~unfavorable impact from ~~higher~~lower average earning assets. For the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, retail average earning assets were ~~$23.14~~$22.93 billion, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$47~~$239 million from the same period in ~~2017.~~2018. The annualized average yield was ~~5.62~~5.98 percent for the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2018,~~2019, compared with ~~5.34~~5.57 percent for the same period in ~~2017.~~2018.

Operating lease revenue for the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2018~~2019 was ~~$760~~$515 million, an increase of ~~$23~~$14 million from the same period in ~~2017.~~2018. The increase was due to a ~~$24~~$10 million favorable impact from property tax revenues on operating leases as a result of the new lease accounting guidance and a $9 million favorable impact from higher average rental rates on operating leases, partially offset by a $1$5 million unfavorable impact from lower average earning assets.

Wholesale revenue for the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2018~~2019 was ~~$304~~$250 million, an increase of ~~$82~~$54 million from the same period in ~~2017.~~2018. The increase was due to a ~~$62~~$42 million favorable impact from higher average earning assets and a ~~$20~~$12 million favorable impact from higher interest rates on wholesale finance receivables. For the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, wholesale average earning assets were ~~$4.74~~$5.60 billion, an increase of ~~$1.03 billion~~$978 million from the same period in ~~2017.~~2018. The annualized average yield was ~~8.55~~8.94 percent for the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2018,~~2019, compared with ~~8.01~~8.49 percent for the same period in ~~2017.~~2018.

Other revenue, net items were as follows:


(Millions of dollars)	Nine Months Ended September 30,									Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			$ Change			2019			2018			$ Change
Finance receivable and operating lease fees (including late charges)	$	56		$	57		$	(1	)	$	30		$	37		$	(7	)
Fees on committed credit facility extended to Caterpillar	30			30			—			5			20			(15		)
Interest income on Notes Receivable from Caterpillar	22			59			(37		)	15			14			1
Net loss on returned or repossessed equipment	(14		)	(30		)	16			(15		)	(7		)	(8		)
Miscellaneous other revenue, net	15			12			3			8			7			1
Total Other revenue, net	$	109		$	128		$	(19	)	$	43		$	71		$	(28	)

There was a $31 million unfavorable impact from currency on revenues in the first six months of 2019. Currency represents the net translation impact resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates versus the U.S. dollar and is included in all financial statement line items and each of the items included in the above analysis.

UNAUDITED

Consolidated Profit Before Income Taxes

_{(1) Analysis excludes $10 million in offsetting revenues and expenses for property taxes on operating leases.}

_{The chart above graphically illustrates reasons for the change in Consolidated Profit Before Income Taxes between SeptemberJune YTD 20172018 (at left) and SeptemberJune YTD 20182019 (at right). Items favorably impacting profit before income taxes appear as upward stair steps with corresponding dollar amounts above each bar, while items negatively impacting profit before income taxes appear as downward stair steps with dollar amounts reflected in parentheses above each bar. Management utilizes these charts internally to visually communicate results.}

Profit before income taxes was ~~$387~~$283 million for the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2018,~~2019, compared with ~~$457~~$224 million for the same period in ~~2017.~~2018. The ~~decrease~~increase was primarily due to a ~~$136~~$47 million ~~increase~~decrease in provision for credit losses and a ~~$26 million unfavorable impact from lower lending activity with Caterpillar. These unfavorable impacts were partially offset by a $39~~$42 million increase in net yield on average earning ~~assets primarily~~assets. These favorable impacts were partially offset by a $23 million increase in general, operating and administrative expenses and a $15 million unfavorable impact due to the termination of a committed credit facility with Caterpillar and the absence of the related fees.

There was a $12 million unfavorable impact from currency on profit before income taxes in the first six months of 2019. Currency represents the net translation impact resulting from changes in ~~portfolio mix, a $32 million favorable impact from higher average earning assets~~foreign currency exchange rates versus the U.S. dollar and ~~a $16 million favorable impact from returned or repossessed equipment.~~is included in all financial statement line items and each of the items included in the above analysis.

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes reflects an estimated annual tax rate of 29 percent for the first six months of 2019, excluding the discrete item discussed in the following paragraph, compared with 24 percent for the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared with 30 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.~~same period in 2018. The ~~decrease~~increase in the estimated annual tax rate is primarily due to ~~the reduction in the U.S. corporate tax rate beginning January 1, 2018, along with~~ changes in the geographic mix of profits. In addition, a one-time only tax benefit of $7 million was recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 for the write-down of net deferred tax liabilities resulting from the 2017 tax year return to provision adjustments. The write-down reflects the reduction in the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent beginning January 1, 2018.

Our analysis of U.S. tax reform legislation, updated through September 30, 2018, resulted in no other changes to the 2017 year-end provisional charge. We will continue to update our calculations as additional required information is prepared and analyzed, interpretations and assumptions are refined, and additional guidance is issued. These updates could significantly impact theThe provision for income taxes for the ~~amount~~first six months of ~~taxes payable and~~2019 also included a $13 million charge for a valuation allowance against the deferred tax ~~asset and liability balances. We account for the new U.S. tax on global intangible low-taxed income as~~assets of a ~~period cost.~~non-U.S. subsidiary.

UNAUDITED

Finance Receivables and Equipment on Operating Leases

New Business Volume


(Millions of dollars)	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017		$ Change		2019		2018		$ Change
New retail financing	$	7,843	$	6,785	$	1,058	$	4,967	$	5,269	$	(302	)
New operating lease activity	1,132		1,029		103		730		828		(98		)
New wholesale financing	32,817		26,349		6,468		23,566		21,935		1,631
Total	$	41,792	$	34,163	$	7,629	$	29,263	$	28,032	$	1,231

New retail financing ~~increased~~decreased primarily due to ~~higher~~lower volume in Asia/Pacific, ~~Europe~~North America and ~~North America,~~EAME, partially offset by ~~a decrease~~higher volume in ~~Caterpillar Power Finance.~~Mining. New operating lease activity (which is substantially related to retail) ~~increased~~decreased primarily due to ~~higher~~lower rentals of ~~Cat~~Caterpillar equipment in North ~~America, partially offset by lower rentals in Mining, Latin America and Europe.~~America. New wholesale financing increased primarily due to higher purchases of trade receivables from Caterpillar.

Total Managed Portfolio

We define total portfolio as finance receivables, net plus equipment on operating leases, ~~less accumulated depreciation.~~net. We also manage and service receivables and leases that have been sold by us to third parties with limited or no recourse in order to mitigate our concentration of credit risk with certain customers. These assets are not available to pay our creditors. Total managed portfolio was as follows:


(Millions of dollars)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		$ Change			June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		$ Change
Finance receivables, net	$	27,512	$	27,126	$	386		$	28,297	$	27,923	$	374
Equipment on operating leases, less accumulated depreciation	3,594		3,568		26
Equipment on operating leases, net								3,575		3,562		13
Total portfolio	$	31,106	$	30,694	$	412		$	31,872	$	31,485	$	387

Retail installment sale contracts	$	104	$	74	$	30
Retail finance leases	95		103		(8		)
Retail loans, net								$	163	$	130	$	33
Retail leases, net								90		100		(10		)
Operating leases	33		39		(6		)	20		25		(5		)
Retail notes receivable	24		55		(31		)
Total off-balance sheet managed assets	$	256	$	271	$	(15	)	$	273	$	255	$	18

Total managed portfolio	$	31,362	$	30,965	$	397		$	32,145	$	31,740	$	405

Total Portfolio Metrics

At the end of the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2018,~~2019, past dues were ~~3.47~~3.38 percent, compared with ~~2.73~~3.16 percent at the end of the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2017.~~2018. The increase in past dues was primarily driven by ~~the Caterpillar Power Finance portfolio.~~EAME. Total non-performing finance receivables, which represent finance receivables currently on non-accrual status, were ~~$830~~$858 million and ~~$683~~$885 million at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively. Total non-performing finance receivables as a percentage of our recorded investment in finance receivables were ~~2.97~~2.98 percent and ~~2.48~~3.11 percent at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively.

Our allowance for credit losses as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 was ~~$416~~$523 million or ~~1.49~~1.81 percent of our recorded investment in finance receivables compared with ~~$365~~$511 million or ~~1.33~~1.80 percent as of December 31, ~~2017. The increase in our allowance for credit losses was primarily driven by specific reserves for individually evaluated finance receivables.~~2018. The allowance is subject to an ongoing evaluation based on many quantitative and qualitative factors, including past loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of underlying collateral and current economic conditions. We believe our allowance is sufficient to provide for losses inherent in our existing finance receivable portfolio as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

UNAUDITED

CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY

Capital resources and liquidity provide us with the ability to meet our financial obligations on a timely basis. Maintaining and managing adequate capital and liquidity resources includes management of funding sources and their utilization based on current, future and contingent needs. Throughout the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2018,~~2019, we experienced favorable liquidity conditions. We ended the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2018~~2019 with ~~$676~~$760 million of cash, a decrease of ~~$32~~$6 million from year-end ~~2017.~~2018. Our cash balances are held in numerous locations throughout the world with approximately ~~$181~~$337 million held by our non-U.S. subsidiaries. Amounts held by non-U.S. subsidiaries are available for general corporate use and could be used in the U.S. without incurring significant additional U.S. taxes. We expect to meet our U.S. funding needs without repatriating undistributed profits that are indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S.

BORROWINGS

Borrowings consist primarily of medium-term notes and commercial paper, the combination of which is used to manage interest rate risk and funding requirements.

We receive debt ratings from the major credit rating agencies. ~~In December 2016, Moody's Investors Service downgraded our long-term ratings to A3 from A2,~~Moody’s long- and short-term ratings toof our debt is A3 and Prime-2, ~~from Prime-1. The Moody’s downgrade did~~while Fitch and S&P maintain a “mid-A” debt rating. This split rating has not ~~have~~had a material impact on our borrowing costs or our overall financial health. ~~A further~~However, a downgrade of our credit ratings by ~~Moody's or one~~any of the ~~other~~ major credit rating agencies would result in increased borrowing costs and could make access to certain credit markets more difficult. ~~However, our long-term ratings with Fitch and S&P continue to be "mid-A".~~ In the event economic conditions deteriorate such that access to debt markets becomes unavailable, we would rely on cash flows from our existing portfolio, existing cash balances, access to our revolving credit facilities and ~~our~~ other credit line facilities and potential borrowings from Caterpillar. In addition, Caterpillar maintains a support agreement with us, which requires Caterpillar to remain as our sole owner and may, under certain circumstances, require Caterpillar to make payments to us should we fail to maintain certain financial ratios.

Total borrowings outstanding as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 were ~~$29.28~~$29.92 billion, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$698~~$141 million over December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. Outstanding borrowings were as follows:


(Millions of dollars)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Medium-term notes, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs	$	22,608	$	21,303	$	22,672	$	22,169
Commercial paper, net of unamortized discount	3,636		3,680		4,434		4,759
Bank borrowings – long-term	643		803		670		646
Bank borrowings – short-term	399		675		434		526
Variable denomination floating rate demand notes	427		481		398		438
Notes payable to Caterpillar	1,565		1,638		1,307		1,518
Total outstanding borrowings	$	29,278	$	28,580	$	29,915	$	30,056

Medium-term notes

We issue medium-term unsecured notes through securities dealers or underwriters in the U.S., Canada, Europe, Australia, Japan, Hong Kong, ~~China~~ and ~~Argentina~~China to both retail and institutional investors. These notes are offered in several currencies and with a variety of maturities. These notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company. Medium-term notes issued totaled ~~$5.58~~$4.11 billion and redeemed totaled ~~$4.23~~$3.63 billion for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. Medium-term notes outstanding as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, mature as follows:


(Millions of dollars)
2018	$	1,666
2019	5,590		$	1,956
2020	5,474		7,473
2021	4,745		6,259
2022	1,989		2,840
2023			2,152
Thereafter	3,144		1,992
Total	$	22,608	$	22,672

UNAUDITED

Commercial paper

We issue unsecured commercial paper in the U.S., Europe and other international capital markets. These short-term promissory notes are issued on a discounted basis and are payable at maturity.

Revolving credit facilities

We have three global credit facilities with a syndicate of banks totaling $10.50 billion (Credit Facility) available in the aggregate to both Caterpillar and us for general liquidity purposes. Based on management's allocation decision, which can be revised from time to time, the portion of the Credit Facility available to us as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 was $7.75 billion. Information on our Credit Facility is as follows:

~~In September 2018, we entered into a new 364-day facility.~~ The 364-day facility of $3.15 billion (of which $2.33 billion is available to us) expires in September 2019.

~~In September 2018, we amended and extended the three-year facility.~~ The three-year facility, as amended in September 2018, of $2.73 billion (of which $2.01 billion is available to us) expires in September 2021.

~~In September 2018, we amended and extended the five-year facility.~~ The five-year facility, as amended in September 2018, of $4.62 billion (of which $3.41 billion is available to us) expires in September 2023.

At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, Caterpillar’s consolidated net worth was ~~$15.87~~$14.86 billion, which was above the $9.00 billion required under the Credit Facility. The consolidated net worth is defined in the Credit Facility as the consolidated shareholders' equity including preferred stock but excluding the pension and other postretirement benefits balance within Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss).

At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, our covenant interest coverage ratio was ~~1.70~~1.60 to 1. This is above the 1.15 to 1 minimum ratio, calculated as (1) profit excluding income taxes, interest expense and net gain/(loss) from interest rate derivatives to (2) interest expense, calculated at the end of each calendar quarter for the rolling four quarter period then most recently ended, required by the Credit Facility.

In addition, at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, our six-month covenant leverage ratio was ~~7.56~~8.23 to 1. This is below the maximum ratio of debt to net worth of 10 to 1, calculated (1) on a monthly basis as the average of the leverage ratios determined on the last day of each of the six preceding calendar months and (2) at each December 31, required by the Credit Facility.

In the event that either Caterpillar or we do not meet one or more of our respective financial covenants under the Credit Facility in the future (and are unable to obtain a consent or waiver), the syndicate of banks may terminate the commitments allocated to the party that does not meet its covenants. Additionally, in such event, certain of our other lenders under other loan agreements where similar financial covenants or cross default provisions are applicable, may, at their election, choose to pursue remedies under those loan agreements, including accelerating the repayment of outstanding borrowings. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, there were no borrowings under the Credit Facility.

Bank borrowings

Available credit lines with banks as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 totaled ~~$4.46~~$4.84 billion. These committed and uncommitted credit lines, which may be eligible for renewal at various future dates or have no specified expiration date, are used primarily by our non-U.S. subsidiaries for local funding requirements. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, we had ~~$1.04~~$1.10 billion outstanding against these credit lines and were in compliance with all debt covenants under these credit lines. The remaining available credit commitments may be withdrawn any time at the lenders' discretion.

Variable denomination floating rate demand notes

We obtain funding from the sale of variable denomination floating rate demand notes, which may be redeemed at any time at the option of the holder without any material restriction. We do not hold reserves to fund the payment of the demand notes. The notes are offered on a continuous basis. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, there was ~~$427~~$398 million of variable denomination floating rate demand notes outstanding. The maximum amount of variable denomination floating rate demand notes that we may have outstanding at any time may not exceed $1.25 billion.

Notes receivable from/payable to Caterpillar

Under our variable amount and term lending agreements and other notes receivable with Caterpillar, we may borrow up to $2.79 billion from Caterpillar and Caterpillar may borrow up to ~~$2.14~~$2.05 billion from us. The variable amount lending agreements are in effect for indefinite periods of time and may be changed or terminated by either party with 30 days notice. The term lending agreements have remaining maturities ranging up to ~~ten~~nine years. We had notes payable of ~~$1.57~~$1.31 billion and notes receivable of ~~$667~~$640 million outstanding under these agreements as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

UNAUDITED

~~Committed credit facility~~

We extended a $2 billion committed credit facility to Caterpillar, which expires in February 2019. We receive a fee from Caterpillar based on amounts drawn under the credit facility and a commitment fee for the undrawn amounts under the credit facility. At September 30, 2018, there were no borrowings under this credit facility.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

We ~~lease all of our facilities except for our corporate headquarters building. In addition, we~~ have potential payment exposure for guarantees issued to third parties totaling ~~$87~~$99 million as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

CASH FLOWS

Operating cash flow was ~~$882~~$907 million in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2018,~~2019, compared with ~~$923~~$509 million for the same period in 2018. The increase is primarily due to an overpayment received on a ~~year ago.~~foreign currency exchange settlement. The overpayment received on the last day of June was returned the first week of July. The cash was reflected as Payable to dealers and others as of June 30, 2019. Net cash used for investing activities was ~~$1.77 billion~~$710 million for the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2018,~~2019, compared with ~~$922 million~~$1.70 billion for the same period in ~~2017.~~2018. The ~~change~~decrease was primarily due to the impact of ~~portfolio related activity, partially offset by lower lending~~Caterpillar purchased receivables and higher collections of finance receivables. Net cash used for financing activities was $204 million for the first six months of 2019, compared with ~~Caterpillar. Net~~ cash provided by financing activities ~~was $848 million for the first nine months~~ of ~~2018, compared with cash used for financing activities of $1.11~~$1.22 billion for the same period in ~~2017.~~2018. The change was primarily due to ~~the impact~~lower portfolio funding requirements.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

For a discussion of ~~net borrowings.~~recent accounting pronouncements, see Part I, Item 1. Note 2 - New Accounting Pronouncements.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

For a discussion of the Company’s critical accounting policies, see Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our ~~2017~~2018 Annual Report on Form ~~10-K.~~10-K. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies since our ~~2017~~2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

UNAUDITED

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this Form 10-Q ~~may~~ relate to future events and expectations and are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “believe,” “estimate,” “will be,” “will,” “would,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “project,” “intend,” “could,” “should” or other similar words or expressions often identify forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, statements regarding our outlook, projections, forecasts or trend descriptions. These statements do not guarantee future performance and speak only as of the date they are made, and we do not undertake to update our forward-looking statements.

~~Our~~Cat Financial’s actual results may differ materially from those described or implied in our forward-looking statements ~~due to~~based on a number of factors, ~~that affect international businesses,~~ including, ~~changes in~~but not limited to: (i) government monetary or fiscal policies; (ii) political and economic ~~conditions, disruptions~~risks, commercial instability and events beyond our control in the countries in which we operate; (iii) demand for Caterpillar products; (iv) our ability to develop, produce and market quality products that meet our customers’ needs; (v) information technology security threats and computer crime; (vi) disruptions or volatility in global financial ~~and credit~~ markets ~~and changes in laws, regulations and political stability, as well as factors specific to Cat Financial and~~limiting our sources of liquidity or the ~~markets we serve, including the market’s acceptance of our products and services, the creditworthiness~~liquidity of our customers, dealers and suppliers; (vii) failure to maintain our credit ratings and potential resulting increases to our cost of borrowing and adverse effects on our cost of funds, liquidity, competitive position and access to capital markets; (viii) changes in interest ~~rate~~rates, currency fluctuations or market liquidity conditions; (ix) an increase in delinquencies, repossessions or net losses of our customers; (x) our compliance with financial and ~~currency rate fluctuations~~other restrictive covenants in debt agreements; (xi) alleged or actual violations of trade or anti-corruption laws and ~~estimated~~regulations; (xii) additional tax expense or exposure; (xiii) new regulations or changes in financial services regulations; (xiv) residual values of leased ~~equipment. These risk~~equipment; (xv) marketing, operational or administrative support received from Caterpillar; (xvi) changes in accounting guidance; and (xvii) other factors ~~may not be exhaustive. All of the forward-looking statements are qualified~~described in ~~their entirety by reference to the factors discussed under the captions "Risk Factors"~~more detail in Cat Financial’s Forms 10-Q, 10-K and ~~"Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our annual report on Form 10-K filed~~other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 15, 2018 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, as supplemented by (i) our Forms 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 2, 2018, August 7, 2018 and this Form 10-Q filing, and (ii) our Form 8-K reports filed with the SEC.Commission.

UNAUDITED

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and our Chief Financial Officer (CFO), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) ofunder the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2018~~2019 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

For a discussion of risks and uncertainties that may affect our business, please see Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors in our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February ~~15, 2018~~14, 2019 for the year ended December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. There has been no material change in this information for the current quarter.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

~~UNAUDITED~~

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS



Exhibit No.	Description of Exhibit

~~10.1~~	Credit Agreement (364-Day Facility), dated as of September 6, 2018, among the Company, Caterpillar Inc., Caterpillar International Finance Designated Activity Company and Caterpillar Finance Kabushiki Kaisha, certain financial institutions named therein, Citibank, N.A., as Agent, Citibank Europe PLC, UK Branch, as Local Currency Agent, and MUFG Bank, Ltd., as Japan Local Currency Agent (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 12, 2018)
~~10.2~~	~~Local Currency Addendum, dated as of September 6, 2018, to the 364-Day Facility (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 12, 2018)~~
~~10.3~~	Japan Local Currency Addendum, dated as of September 6, 2018, to the 364-Day Facility (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 12, 2018)
~~10.4~~	Omnibus Amendment No. 3 to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (3-Year Facility), Amendment No. 2 to Local Currency Addendum to the 3-year facility and Amendment No. 3 to Japan Local Currency Addendum to the 3-year facility, dated as of September 10, 2018, among the Company, Caterpillar Inc., Caterpillar International Finance Designated Activity Company and Caterpillar Finance Kabushiki Kaisha, certain financial institutions named therein, Citibank, N.A., as Agent, Citibank Europe PLC, UK Branch, as Local Currency Agent, and MUFG Bank, Ltd., as Japan Local Currency Agent (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 12, 2018)
~~10.5~~	Omnibus Amendment No. 3 to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (5-Year Facility), Amendment No. 2 to Local Currency Addendum to the 5-year facility and Amendment No. 3 to Japan Local Currency Addendum to the 5-year facility, dated as of September 10, 2018, among the Company, Caterpillar Inc., Caterpillar International Finance Designated Activity Company and Caterpillar Finance Kabushiki Kaisha, certain financial institutions named therein, Citibank, N.A., as Agent, Citibank Europe PLC, UK Branch, as Local Currency Agent, and MUFG Bank, Ltd., as Japan Local Currency Agent (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 12, 2018)
12	~~Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges~~
31.1	Certification of David T. Walton, President, Director and Chief Executive Officer of Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, as required pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of Patrick T. McCartan, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, as required pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32	Certifications of David T. Walton, President, Director and Chief Executive Officer of Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, and Patrick T. McCartan, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, as required pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

UNAUDITED

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



		Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation
~~(Registrant)~~
Date:	~~October 31, 2018~~August 1, 2019	/s/David T. Walton
		David T. Walton, President, Director and Chief Executive Officer



Date:	~~October 31, 2018~~August 1, 2019	/s/Patrick T. McCartan
		Patrick T. McCartan, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer



Date:	~~October 31, 2018~~August 1, 2019	/s/~~Leslie S. Zmugg~~Michael G. Sposato
		~~Leslie S. Zmugg,~~Michael G. Sposato, Secretary



Date:	~~October 31, 2018~~August 1, 2019	/s/Jeffry D. Everett
		Jeffry D. Everett, Controller



Fair Value Hedges
(Millions of dollars)		Three Months Ended September 30, 2018					Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Classification	Gains (Losses) on Derivatives			Gains (Losses) on Borrowings		Gains (Losses) on Derivatives			Gains (Losses) on Borrowings
Interest rate contracts	Other income (expense)	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—

		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018					Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Classification	Gains (Losses) on Derivatives			Gains (Losses) on Borrowings		Gains (Losses) on Derivatives			Gains (Losses) on Borrowings
Interest rate contracts	Other income (expense)	$	(2	)	$	2	$	(1	)	$	1