UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 27, 202231, 2023
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to           
Commission file number 1-9183
Harley-Davidson, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Wisconsin 39-1382325
(State of organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3700 West Juneau AvenueMilwaukeeWisconsin53208
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (414) 342-4680
None
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock Par Value $.01 PER SHAREHOGNew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes     No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated FilerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes No  
The registrant had outstanding 147,378,290143,760,258 shares of common stock as of April 30, 2022.28, 2023.



HARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC.
Form 10-Q
For The Quarter Ended March 27, 202231, 2023
Part I
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Part II
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 6.



Table of Contents
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
HARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
Three months ended Three months ended
March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
March 31,
2023
March 27,
2022
Revenue:Revenue:Revenue:
Motorcycles and Related Products$1,303,171 $1,232,107 
Financial Services192,015 190,400 
Motorcycles and related productsMotorcycles and related products$1,565,591 $1,303,171 
Financial servicesFinancial services223,095 192,015 
1,495,186 1,422,507 1,788,686 1,495,186 
Costs and expenses:Costs and expenses:Costs and expenses:
Motorcycles and Related Products cost of goods sold895,536 811,622 
Financial Services interest expense42,099 55,707 
Financial Services provision for credit losses28,822 (22,474)
Motorcycles and related products cost of goods soldMotorcycles and related products cost of goods sold1,007,301 895,536 
Financial services interest expenseFinancial services interest expense73,549 42,099 
Financial services provision for credit lossesFinancial services provision for credit losses52,364 28,822 
Selling, administrative and engineering expenseSelling, administrative and engineering expense239,625 231,844 Selling, administrative and engineering expense285,863 239,625 
Restructuring benefitRestructuring benefit(128)(366)Restructuring benefit— (128)
1,205,954 1,076,333 1,419,077 1,205,954 
Operating incomeOperating income289,232 346,174 Operating income369,609 289,232 
Other income, netOther income, net11,030 277 Other income, net20,096 11,030 
Investment (loss) income(1,979)1,402 
Investment income (loss)Investment income (loss)10,025 (1,979)
Interest expenseInterest expense7,711 7,708 Interest expense7,720 7,711 
Income before provision for income taxes290,572 340,145 
Provision for income taxes68,070 81,001 
Income before income taxesIncome before income taxes392,010 290,572 
Income tax provisionIncome tax provision90,181 68,070 
Net incomeNet income$222,502 $259,144 Net income301,829 222,502 
Less: Loss attributable to noncontrolling interestsLess: Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests2,261 — 
Net income attributable to Harley-Davidson, Inc.Net income attributable to Harley-Davidson, Inc.$304,090 $222,502 
Earnings per share:Earnings per share:Earnings per share:
BasicBasic$1.46 $1.69 Basic$2.08 $1.46 
DilutedDiluted$1.45 $1.68 Diluted$2.04 $1.45 
Cash dividends per shareCash dividends per share$0.1575 $0.1500 Cash dividends per share$0.1650 $0.1575 
The accompanying notes are integral to the consolidated financial statements.

3

Table of Contents
HARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
Three months ended Three months ended
March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
March 31,
2023
March 27,
2022
Net incomeNet income$222,502 $259,144 Net income$301,829 $222,502 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustmentsForeign currency translation adjustments(4,121)(17,338)Foreign currency translation adjustments10,121 (4,121)
Derivative financial instrumentsDerivative financial instruments9,928 17,530 Derivative financial instruments(21,882)9,928 
Pension and postretirement benefit plansPension and postretirement benefit plans5,502 13,588 Pension and postretirement benefit plans(962)5,502 
11,309 13,780 (12,723)11,309 
Comprehensive incomeComprehensive income$233,811 $272,924 Comprehensive income289,106 233,811 
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interestsLess: Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests2,261 — 
Comprehensive income attributable to Harley-Davidson, Inc.Comprehensive income attributable to Harley-Davidson, Inc.$291,367 $233,811 
The accompanying notes are integral to the consolidated financial statements.


4

Table of Contents
HARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
March 27,
2022
December 31,
2021
March 28,
2021
March 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
March 27,
2022
ASSETSASSETSASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$1,393,731 $1,874,745 $2,320,645 Cash and cash equivalents$1,561,200 $1,433,175 $1,393,731 
Accounts receivable, netAccounts receivable, net254,286 182,148 216,569 Accounts receivable, net333,533 252,225 254,286 
Finance receivables, net of allowance of $60,889, $60,734, and $64,1391,699,642 1,465,544 1,798,194 
Finance receivables, net of allowance of $62,706, $62,488, and $60,889Finance receivables, net of allowance of $62,706, $62,488, and $60,8892,245,628 1,782,631 1,699,642 
Inventories, netInventories, net714,259 712,942 470,997 Inventories, net830,521 950,960 714,259 
Restricted cashRestricted cash142,812 128,935 185,374 Restricted cash164,965 135,424 142,812 
Other current assetsOther current assets182,527 185,777 195,356 Other current assets154,660 196,238 182,527 
4,387,257 4,550,091 5,187,135 
Finance receivables, net of allowance of $279,584, $278,645, and $282,0945,121,911 5,106,377 4,958,583 
Current assetsCurrent assets5,290,507 4,750,653 4,387,257 
Finance receivables, net of allowance of $295,725, $296,223, and $279,584Finance receivables, net of allowance of $295,725, $296,223, and $279,5845,328,095 5,355,807 5,121,911 
Property, plant and equipment, netProperty, plant and equipment, net663,807 683,984 718,968 Property, plant and equipment, net690,051 689,886 663,807 
Pension and postretirement assetsPension and postretirement assets399,029 386,152 105,910 Pension and postretirement assets336,569 320,133 399,029 
GoodwillGoodwill62,607 63,177 65,157 Goodwill62,426 62,090 62,607 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes71,926 82,922 135,387 Deferred income taxes141,208 135,041 71,926 
Lease assetsLease assets45,073 49,625 44,765 Lease assets43,540 43,931 45,073 
Other long-term assetsOther long-term assets143,030 128,727 123,083 Other long-term assets137,189 134,935 143,030 
$10,894,640 $11,051,055 $11,338,988 $12,029,585 $11,492,476 $10,894,640 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITYLIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITYLIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payableAccounts payable$476,917 $374,978 $402,764 Accounts payable$404,414 $378,002 $476,917 
Accrued liabilitiesAccrued liabilities597,924 601,981 570,440 Accrued liabilities625,296 620,945 597,924 
Short-term deposits, netShort-term deposits, net65,049 72,146 93,887 Short-term deposits, net144,854 79,710 65,049 
Short-term debtShort-term debt816,016 751,286 765,263 Short-term debt501,243 770,468 816,016 
Current portion of long-term debt, netCurrent portion of long-term debt, net1,327,357 1,542,496 1,622,243 Current portion of long-term debt, net1,408,777 1,684,782 1,327,357 
3,283,263 3,342,887 3,454,597 
Current liabilitiesCurrent liabilities3,084,584 3,533,907 3,283,263 
Long-term deposits, netLong-term deposits, net283,034 218,180 58,766 Long-term deposits, net224,457 237,665 283,034 
Long-term debt, netLong-term debt, net4,470,086 4,595,617 5,478,091 Long-term debt, net5,275,169 4,457,052 4,470,086 
Lease liabilitiesLease liabilities27,633 29,904 30,061 Lease liabilities26,674 26,777 27,633 
Pension and postretirement liabilitiesPension and postretirement liabilities93,792 95,299 103,854 Pension and postretirement liabilities66,968 67,955 93,792 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes9,578 9,261 8,682 Deferred income taxes31,032 29,528 9,578 
Other long-term liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities218,153 206,663 228,551 Other long-term liabilities224,852 232,784 218,153 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)000
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Shareholders’ equity:Shareholders’ equity:Shareholders’ equity:
Common stockCommon stock1,704 1,694 1,690 Common stock1,711 1,704 1,704 
Additional paid-in-capitalAdditional paid-in-capital1,554,840 1,547,011 1,517,129 Additional paid-in-capital1,707,214 1,688,159 1,554,840 
Retained earningsRetained earnings2,040,867 1,842,421 1,520,862 Retained earnings2,770,616 2,490,649 2,040,867 
Accumulated other comprehensive lossAccumulated other comprehensive loss(229,610)(240,919)(469,637)Accumulated other comprehensive loss(354,652)(341,929)(229,610)
Treasury stock, at costTreasury stock, at cost(858,700)(596,963)(593,658)Treasury stock, at cost(1,031,831)(935,064)(858,700)
Total Harley-Davidson, Inc. shareholders' equityTotal Harley-Davidson, Inc. shareholders' equity3,093,058 2,903,519 2,509,101 
Noncontrolling interestNoncontrolling interest2,791 3,289 — 
Total equityTotal equity3,095,849 2,906,808 2,509,101 
2,509,101 2,553,244 1,976,386 $12,029,585 $11,492,476 $10,894,640 
$10,894,640 $11,051,055 $11,338,988 
5

Table of Contents
HARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (continued)
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
March 27,
2022
December 31,
2021
March 28,
2021
March 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
March 27,
2022
Balances held by consolidated variable interest entities (Note 12):
Balances held by consolidated variable interest entities (Note 10):Balances held by consolidated variable interest entities (Note 10):
Finance receivables, net - currentFinance receivables, net - current$455,638 $493,543 $567,887 Finance receivables, net - current$597,952 $559,651 $455,638 
Other assetsOther assets$4,373 $2,982 $4,027 Other assets$10,738 $9,805 $4,373 
Finance receivables, net - non-currentFinance receivables, net - non-current$1,487,650 $1,734,428 $2,113,344 Finance receivables, net - non-current$2,463,095 $2,317,956 $1,487,650 
Restricted cash - current and non-currentRestricted cash - current and non-current$156,297 $144,284 $196,946 Restricted cash - current and non-current$171,285 $141,128 $156,297 
Current portion of long-term debt, netCurrent portion of long-term debt, net$551,305 $569,145 $692,903 Current portion of long-term debt, net$684,180 $619,683 $551,305 
Long-term debt, netLong-term debt, net$1,075,787 $1,330,586 $1,757,003 Long-term debt, net$1,946,435 $1,825,525 $1,075,787 
The accompanying notes are integral to the consolidated financial statements.
6

Table of Contents
HARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Three months ended Three months ended
March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
March 31,
2023
March 27,
2022
Net cash provided by operating activities (Note 7)$139,321 $162,781 
Net cash provided by operating activities (Note 6)Net cash provided by operating activities (Note 6)$46,677 $139,321 
Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expendituresCapital expenditures(27,999)(18,813)Capital expenditures(45,114)(27,999)
Origination of finance receivablesOrigination of finance receivables(1,058,461)(909,138)Origination of finance receivables(917,145)(1,058,461)
Collections on finance receivablesCollections on finance receivables965,190 900,485 Collections on finance receivables890,852 965,190 
Other investing activitiesOther investing activities135 733 Other investing activities821 135 
Net cash used by investing activitiesNet cash used by investing activities(121,135)(26,733)Net cash used by investing activities(70,586)(121,135)
Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of medium-term notesProceeds from issuance of medium-term notes495,785 — Proceeds from issuance of medium-term notes693,276 495,785 
Repayments of medium-term notesRepayments of medium-term notes(550,000)(1,050,000)Repayments of medium-term notes(350,000)(550,000)
Proceeds from securitization debtProceeds from securitization debt— 597,411 Proceeds from securitization debt547,706 — 
Repayments of securitization debtRepayments of securitization debt(271,499)(291,346)Repayments of securitization debt(310,640)(271,499)
Borrowings of asset-backed commercial paperBorrowings of asset-backed commercial paper62,455 — Borrowings of asset-backed commercial paper— 62,455 
Repayments of asset-backed commercial paperRepayments of asset-backed commercial paper(56,634)(66,894)Repayments of asset-backed commercial paper(62,634)(56,634)
Net increase (decrease) in unsecured commercial paper64,521 (262,517)
Net increase in credit facilities— 15,629 
Net (decrease) increase in unsecured commercial paperNet (decrease) increase in unsecured commercial paper(270,119)64,521 
Net increase in depositsNet increase in deposits57,660 72,664 Net increase in deposits51,822 57,660 
Dividends paidDividends paid(24,056)(23,105)Dividends paid(24,123)(24,056)
Repurchase of common stockRepurchase of common stock(261,737)(5,646)Repurchase of common stock(96,767)(261,737)
Other financing activitiesOther financing activities— 1,085 Other financing activities69 — 
Net cash used by financing activities(483,505)(1,012,719)
Net cash provided (used) by financing activitiesNet cash provided (used) by financing activities178,590 (483,505)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashEffect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(1,743)(5,163)Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash3,820 (1,743)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$(467,062)$(881,834)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashNet increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$158,501 $(467,062)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of periodCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period$2,025,219 $3,409,168 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period$1,579,177 $2,025,219 
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(467,062)(881,834)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashNet increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash158,501 (467,062)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of periodCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$1,558,157 $2,527,334 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$1,737,678 $1,558,157 
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash on the Consolidated balance sheets to the Consolidated statements of cash flows:Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash on the Consolidated balance sheets to the Consolidated statements of cash flows:Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash on the Consolidated balance sheets to the Consolidated statements of cash flows:
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$1,393,731 $2,320,645 Cash and cash equivalents$1,561,200 $1,393,731 
Restricted cashRestricted cash142,812 185,374 Restricted cash164,965 142,812 
Restricted cash included in Other long-term assetsRestricted cash included in Other long-term assets21,614 21,315 Restricted cash included in Other long-term assets11,513 21,614 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash per the Consolidated statements of cash flowsCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash per the Consolidated statements of cash flows$1,558,157 $2,527,334 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash per the Consolidated statements of cash flows$1,737,678 $1,558,157 
The accompanying notes are integral to the consolidated financial statements.


7

Table of Contents
HARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
Equity Attributable to Harley-Davidson, Inc.
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Treasury
Stock
TotalEquity Attributable to Noncontrolling InterestsTotal Equity
Issued
Shares
Balance
Balance, December 31, 2022Balance, December 31, 2022170,400,212 $1,704 $1,688,159 $2,490,649 $(341,929)$(935,064)$2,903,519 $3,289 $2,906,808 
Net incomeNet income— — — 304,090 — — 304,090 (2,261)$301,829 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax (Note 15)Other comprehensive income, net of tax (Note 15)— — — — (12,723)— (12,723)— $(12,723)
Dividends ($0.1650 per share)Dividends ($0.1650 per share)— — — (24,123)— — (24,123)— $(24,123)
Repurchase of common stockRepurchase of common stock— — — — — (96,767)(96,767)— $(96,767)
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation733,658 19,055 — — — 19,062 1,763 $20,825 
Balance, March 31, 2023Balance, March 31, 2023171,133,870 1,711 1,707,214 2,770,616 (354,652)(1,031,831)3,093,058 2,791 3,095,849 
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Treasury
Stock
Total
Issued
Shares
Balance
Balance, December 31, 2021Balance, December 31, 2021169,364,686 $1,694 $1,547,011 $1,842,421 $(240,919)$(596,963)$2,553,244 Balance, December 31, 2021169,364,686 $1,694 $1,547,011 $1,842,421 $(240,919)$(596,963)$2,553,244 $— $2,553,244 
Net incomeNet income— — — 222,502 — — 222,502 Net income— — — 222,502 — — 222,502 — $222,502 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax (Note 17)— — — — 11,309 — 11,309 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax (Note 15)Other comprehensive income, net of tax (Note 15)— — — — 11,309 — 11,309 — $11,309 
Dividends ($0.1575 per share)Dividends ($0.1575 per share)— — — (24,056)— — (24,056)Dividends ($0.1575 per share)— — — (24,056)— — (24,056)— $(24,056)
Repurchase of common stockRepurchase of common stock— — — — — (261,737)(261,737)Repurchase of common stock— — — — — (261,737)(261,737)— $(261,737)
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation976,062 10 7,829 — — — 7,839 Share-based compensation976,062 10 7,829 — — — 7,839 — $7,839 
Balance, March 27, 2022Balance, March 27, 2022170,340,748 1,704 1,554,840 2,040,867 (229,610)(858,700)2,509,101 Balance, March 27, 2022170,340,748 1,704 1,554,840 2,040,867 (229,610)(858,700)2,509,101 — 2,509,101 
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Treasury
Stock
Total
Issued
Shares
Balance
Balance, December 31, 2020168,503,526 $1,685 $1,507,706 $1,284,823 $(483,417)$(588,012)$1,722,785 
Net income— — — 259,144 — — 259,144 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax (Note 17)— — — — 13,780 — 13,780 
Dividends ($0.1500 per share)— — — (23,105)— — (23,105)
Repurchase of common stock— — — — — (5,646)(5,646)
Share-based compensation483,326 9,423 — — — 9,428 
Balance, March 28, 2021168,986,852 1,690 1,517,129 1,520,862 (469,637)(593,658)1,976,386 
The accompanying notes are integral to the consolidated financial statements.
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Table of Contents
HARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation – The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Harley-Davidson, Inc. and its subsidiaries all of which are wholly-owned (the Company), including the accounts of the groups of companies referred to as Harley-Davidson Motor Company and Harley-Davidson Financial Services. In addition, certain variable interest entities (VIEs) related to secured financing are consolidated as the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany accounts and material intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The Company has a controlling equity interest in LiveWire Group, Inc. As the controlling shareholder, the Company consolidates LiveWire Group, Inc. results with additional adjustments to recognize non-controlling shareholder interests.
The Company operates in 2three reportable segments: MotorcyclesHarley-Davidson Motor Company (HDMC), LiveWire and Related Products (Motorcycles)Harley-Davidson Financial Services (HDFS). The Company changed its segments in the period ended December 31, 2022. The change has been retrospectively reflected in the periods presented below.
Substantially all of the Company’s international subsidiaries use their respective local currency as their functional currency. Assets and Financial Services.liabilities of international subsidiaries have been translated at period-end exchange rates, and revenues and expenses have been translated using average exchange rates for the period. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is different from an entity's functional currency are remeasured from the transactional currency to the entity's functional currency on a monthly basis. The aggregate transaction gain resulting from foreign currency remeasurements was $3.3 million and $1.6 million for the three month periods ended March 31, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively.
In the opinion of the Company's management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the Consolidated balance sheets as of March 27, 202231, 2023 and March 28, 2021,27, 2022, the Consolidated statements of operations for the three month periods then ended, the Consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three month periods then ended, the Consolidated statements of cash flows for the three month periods then ended, and the Consolidated statements of shareholders' equity for the three month periods then ended.ended March 31, 2023 and March 27, 2022.
Certain information and disclosures normally included in complete financial statements have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial reporting. The consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.2022.
Use of Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company's management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Fair Value Measurements – The Company assesses the inputs used to measure fair value using a three-tier hierarchy.
Level 1 inputs include quoted prices for identical instruments and are the most observable.
Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and observable inputs such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, and yield curves. The Company uses the market approach to derive the fair value for its Level 2 fair value measurements. Foreign currency contracts, commodity contracts, and cross-currency swaps are valued using quoted forward rates and prices; interest rate caps are valued using quoted interest rates and yield curves.
Level 3 inputs are not observable in the market and include the Company's judgments about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
2. New Accounting Standards
Accounting Standards Not YetRecently Adopted
In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (ASU 2022-02). ASU 2022-02 addresses areas identified by the FASB as part of its post-implementation review of its previously issued credit losses standard (ASU 2016-13) that introduced the CECLcurrent expected credit losses (CECL) model. ASU 2022-02
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eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings by creditors that have adopted the CECL model and enhances disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings made with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, ASU 2022-02 requires a public business entity to disclose current-period gross write-offs for financing receivables and net investment in leases by year of origination in the vintage disclosures. As theThe Company has already adopted ASU 2016-13, the new guidance is effective for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 and for interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted.2022-02 on January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2022-02 isdid not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
3. Revenue
The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to a customer. Revenue is measured based on the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the goods or services transferred. Taxes that are collected from a customer concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue.
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Disaggregated revenue by major source was as follows (in thousands):
Three months endedThree months ended
March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
March 31,
2023
March 27,
2022
Motorcycles and Related Products Revenue:
HDMC:HDMC:
MotorcyclesMotorcycles$1,059,113 $1,016,334 Motorcycles$1,302,378 $1,057,005 
Parts and accessoriesParts and accessories165,525 149,859 Parts and accessories167,671 165,320 
ApparelApparel51,407 50,323 Apparel71,391 51,404 
LicensingLicensing6,497 5,512 Licensing6,210 6,497 
OtherOther20,629 10,079 Other10,179 12,544 
1,303,171 1,232,107 1,557,829 1,292,770 
Financial Services Revenue:
LiveWireLiveWire7,762 10,401 
Motorcycles and related products revenueMotorcycles and related products revenue1,565,591 1,303,171 
HDFS:HDFS:
Interest incomeInterest income161,734 159,814 Interest income182,270 161,734 
OtherOther30,281 30,586 Other40,825 30,281 
Financial services revenueFinancial services revenue223,095 192,015 
192,015 190,400 $1,788,686 $1,495,186 
$1,495,186 $1,422,507 
The Company maintains certain deferred revenue balances related to payments received at contract inception in advance of the Company’s performance under the contract and generally relates to the sale of Harley Owners Group® memberships and extended service plan contracts.various financial services products. Deferred revenue is recognized as revenue as the Company performs under the contract. Deferred revenue, included in Accrued liabilities and Other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets, was as follows (in thousands):
March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
March 31,
2023
March 27,
2022
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$40,092 $36,614 Balance, beginning of period$44,100 $40,092 
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$38,842 $36,266 Balance, end of period$43,176 $38,842 
Previously deferred revenue recognized as revenue in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 27, 2022 and March 28, 2021 was $7.7$6.8 million and $6.2$7.7 million, respectively. The Company expects to recognize approximately $17.5$17.8 million of the remaining unearned revenue over the next 12 months and $21.4$25.4 million thereafter.
4. Restructuring Activities
The Company's restructuring activities are included in Restructuring benefit on the Consolidated statements of operations.
In 2020, the Company initiated restructuring activities including a workforce reduction, the termination of certain current and future products, facility changes, optimizing its global dealer network, exiting certain international markets, and discontinuing its sales and manufacturing operations in India. The workforce reduction resulted in the termination of approximately 500 employees. In addition, the India action resulted in the termination of approximately 70 employees. These restructuring activities are essentially complete, and the Company does not expect restructuring expenses of any significance in 2022.
Since the inception of the restructuring activities in 2020 through the three months ended March 27, 2022, the Company has incurred cumulative restructuring expenses of $133.2 million, including $121.7 million and $11.5 million in the Motorcycles and Financial Services segments, respectively. This includes restructuring (benefit) expense for the three months ended March 27, 2022 and March 28, 2021 by segment as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended
March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
Motorcycles and Related Products$(128)$(593)
Financial Services— 227 
$(128)$(366)
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Changes in accrued restructuring expenses, which are included in Accrued liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets, were as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 27, 2022
Employee Termination BenefitsContract Terminations
& Other
Non-Current Asset AdjustmentsTotal
Balance, beginning of period$121 $2,874 $— $2,995 
Restructuring benefit— (128)— (128)
Utilized cash
(18)(1,614)— (1,632)
Foreign currency changes(3)— (2)
Balance, end of period$100 $1,133 

$— $1,233 
Three months ended March 28, 2021
Employee Termination BenefitsContract Terminations
& Other
Non-Current Asset AdjustmentsTotal
Balance, beginning of period$7,724 $16,196 $— $23,920 
Restructuring (benefit) expense(944)1,106 (528)(366)
Utilized cash
(3,661)(12,781)— (16,442)
Utilized non cash
— — 528 528 
Foreign currency changes(112)(54)— (166)
Balance, end of period$3,007 $4,467 

$— $7,474 
5. Income Taxes
The Company’s effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 27, 202231, 2023 was 23.4%23.0% compared to 23.8%23.4% for the three months ended March 28, 2021.27, 2022.
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5. Earnings Per Share
The computation of basic and diluted earnings per share was as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Three months ended Three months ended
March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
March 31,
2023
March 27,
2022
Net income$222,502 $259,144 
Net income attributable to Harley-Davidson, Inc.Net income attributable to Harley-Davidson, Inc.$304,090 $222,502 
Basic weighted-average shares outstandingBasic weighted-average shares outstanding152,820 153,478 Basic weighted-average shares outstanding146,048 152,820 
Effect of dilutive securities employee stock compensation plan
Effect of dilutive securities employee stock compensation plan
1,104 1,012 
Effect of dilutive securities employee stock compensation plan
2,883 1,104 
Diluted weighted-average shares outstandingDiluted weighted-average shares outstanding153,924 154,490 Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding148,931 153,924 
Net earnings per share:Net earnings per share:Net earnings per share:
BasicBasic$1.46 $1.69 Basic$2.08 $1.46 
DilutedDiluted$1.45 $1.68 Diluted$2.04 $1.45 
Shares of common stock related to share-based compensation that were not included in the effect of dilutive securities because the effect would have been anti-dilutive include 0.51.3 million and 0.60.5 million shares for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 27, 2022, and March 28, 2021, respectively.
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7.6. Additional Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Information
Investments in Marketable Securities – The Company’s investments in marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):
March 27,
2022
December 31,
2021
March 28,
2021
Mutual funds$45,189 $49,650 $50,239 
March 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
March 27,
2022
Mutual funds$34,017 $33,071 $45,189 
Mutual funds, included in Other long-term assets on the Consolidated balance sheets, are carried at fair value with gains and losses recorded in income. Mutual funds are held to support certain deferred compensation obligations.
Inventories, net – Substantially all inventories located in the U.S. are valued using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method. Other inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Motorcycle finished goods inventories include motorcycles that are ready for sale and motorcycles that are substantially complete but awaiting installation of certain components affected by global supply chain constraints. Inventories, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
March 27,
2022
December 31,
2021
March 28,
2021
March 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
March 27,
2022
Raw materials and work in processRaw materials and work in process$376,600 $347,915 $251,199 Raw materials and work in process$387,466 $331,380 $376,600 
Motorcycle finished goodsMotorcycle finished goods291,623 345,956 185,590 Motorcycle finished goods380,083 549,041 291,623 
Parts and accessories and apparelParts and accessories and apparel130,156 103,191 88,291 Parts and accessories and apparel182,905 187,039 130,156 
Inventory at lower of FIFO cost or net realizable valueInventory at lower of FIFO cost or net realizable value798,379 797,062 525,080 Inventory at lower of FIFO cost or net realizable value950,454 1,067,460 798,379 
Excess of FIFO over LIFO costExcess of FIFO over LIFO cost(84,120)(84,120)(54,083)Excess of FIFO over LIFO cost(119,933)(116,500)(84,120)
$714,259 $712,942 $470,997 $830,521 $950,960 $714,259 
Deposits Harley-Davidson Financial ServicesHDFS offers brokered certificates of deposit to customers indirectly through contractual arrangements with third-party banks and/or securities brokerage firms through its bank subsidiary. The Company had $348.1$369.3 million, $290.3$317.4 million and $152.7$348.1 million, net of fees, of interest-bearing brokered certificates of deposit outstanding as of March 27, 2022,31, 2023, December 31, 2021,2022, and March 28, 2021,27, 2022, respectively. The liabilities for deposits are included in Short-term deposits, net or Long-term deposits, net on the Consolidated balance sheets based upon the term of each brokered certificate of deposit issued. Each separate brokered certificate of deposit is issued under a master certificate, and as such, all outstanding brokered certificates of deposit are considered below the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance coverage limits.
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Future maturities of the Company's certificates of deposit as of March 27, 202231, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):
2022$58,475 
202374,304 
202471,696 
202519,053 
202679,742 
Thereafter46,060 
Future maturities349,330 
Unamortized fees(1,247)
$348,083 
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2023$81,167 
2024115,491 
202539,740 
202679,742 
202754,158 
Thereafter— 
Future maturities370,298 
Unamortized fees(987)
$369,311 
Operating Cash Flow – The reconciliation of Net income to Net cash provided by operating activities was as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended Three months ended
March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
March 31,
2023
March 27,
2022
Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:
Net incomeNet income$222,502 $259,144 Net income$301,829 $222,502 
Adjustments to reconcile Net income to Net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile Net income to Net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile Net income to Net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization39,258 40,221 Depreciation and amortization34,352 39,258 
Amortization of deferred loan origination costsAmortization of deferred loan origination costs22,995 19,200 Amortization of deferred loan origination costs21,858 22,995 
Amortization of financing origination feesAmortization of financing origination fees3,701 3,614 Amortization of financing origination fees3,011 3,701 
Provision for long-term employee benefitsProvision for long-term employee benefits(5,050)7,090 Provision for long-term employee benefits(16,939)(5,050)
Employee benefit plan contributions and paymentsEmployee benefit plan contributions and payments(2,143)(9,885)Employee benefit plan contributions and payments(1,739)(2,143)
Stock compensation expenseStock compensation expense8,903 8,968 Stock compensation expense23,628 8,903 
Net change in wholesale finance receivables related to salesNet change in wholesale finance receivables related to sales(205,727)(308,532)Net change in wholesale finance receivables related to sales(487,314)(205,727)
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses28,822 (22,474)Provision for credit losses52,364 28,822 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes6,307 13,192 Deferred income taxes5,648 6,307 
Other, netOther, net(5,408)(2,138)Other, net(21,671)(5,408)
Changes in current assets and liabilities:Changes in current assets and liabilities:Changes in current assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, netAccounts receivable, net(74,993)(79,012)Accounts receivable, net(77,993)(74,993)
Finance receivables accrued interest and other
Finance receivables accrued interest and other
3,115 8,947 
Finance receivables accrued interest and other
2,252 3,115 
Inventories, netInventories, net(2,630)45,086 Inventories, net123,047 (2,630)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilitiesAccounts payable and accrued liabilities106,969 153,597 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities43,787 106,969 
Other current assetsOther current assets(7,300)25,763 Other current assets40,557 (7,300)
(83,181)(96,363)(255,152)(83,181)
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities$139,321 $162,781 Net cash provided by operating activities$46,677 $139,321 
8.7. Finance Receivables
Finance receivables include both retail and wholesale finance receivables, including amounts held by consolidated VIEs. Finance receivables are recorded in the financial statements at amortized cost net of an allowance for credit losses.
The Company provides retail financial services to customers of its dealers in the U.S. and Canada. The origination of retail loans is a separate and distinct transaction between the Company and the retail customer, unrelated to the Company’s sale of product to its dealers. Retail finance receivables consist of secured promissory notes and secured installment sales contracts and are primarily related to dealer sales of motorcycles to retail customers. The Company holds either titles or liens on titles to vehicles financed by promissory notes and installment sales contracts.
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The Company offers wholesale financing to its dealers in the U.S. and Canada. Wholesale finance receivables are related primarily to the Company's sale of motorcycles and related parts and accessories to dealers. Wholesale loans to dealers are generally secured by financed inventory or property.
Finance receivables, net were as follows (in thousands):
March 27,
2022
December 31,
2021
March 28,
2021
Retail finance receivables$6,511,845 $6,493,519 $6,310,982 
Wholesale finance receivables650,181 417,781 792,028 
7,162,026 6,911,300 7,103,010 
Allowance for credit losses(340,473)(339,379)(346,233)
$6,821,553 $6,571,921 $6,756,777 
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March 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
March 27,
2022
Retail finance receivables$6,708,103 $6,748,201 $6,511,845 
Wholesale finance receivables1,224,051 748,948 650,181 
7,932,154 7,497,149 7,162,026 
Allowance for credit losses(358,431)(358,711)(340,473)
$7,573,723 $7,138,438 $6,821,553 
The Company’s finance receivables are reported at amortized cost, net of the allowance for credit losses. Amortized cost includes the principal outstanding, accrued interest, and deferred loan fees and costs. The Company's allowance for credit losses reflects expected lifetime credit losses on its finance receivables. Based on differences in the nature of the finance receivables and the underlying methodology for calculating the allowance for credit losses, the Company segments its finance receivables into the retail and wholesale portfolios. The Company further disaggregates each portfolio by credit quality indicators. As the credit risk varies between the retail and wholesale portfolios, the Company utilizes different credit quality indicators for each portfolio.
The retail portfolio primarily consists of a large number of small balance, homogeneous finance receivables. The Company performs a collective evaluation of the adequacy of the retail allowance for credit losses. The Company utilizes a vintage-based loss forecast methodology that includes decompositions for probability of default, exposure at default, attrition rate, and recovery balance rate. Reasonable and supportable economic forecasts for a two-year period are incorporated into the methodology to reflect the estimated impact of changes in future economic conditions, such as unemployment rates, household obligations or other relevant factors, over the two-year reasonable and supportable period. For periods beyond the Company’s reasonable and supportable forecasts, the Company reverts to its average historical loss experience using a mean-reversion process over a three-year period. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, or term as well as other relevant factors.
The wholesale portfolio is primarily composed of large balance, non-homogeneous loans. The Company’s evaluation for the wholesale allowance for credit losses is first based on a loan-by-loan review to determine whether the loans share similar risk characteristics. The Company individually evaluates loans that do not share risk characteristics. Loans identified as those for which foreclosure is probable are classified as Non-Performing, and a specific allowance for credit losses is established when appropriate. The specific allowance is determined based on the amortized cost of the related finance receivable and the estimated fair value of the collateral, less selling costs and the cash that the Company expects to receive. Finance receivables in the wholesale portfolio not individually assessed are aggregated, based on similar risk characteristics, according to the Company’s internal risk rating system and measured collectively. The related allowance for credit losses is based on factors such as the specific borrower’s financial performance and ability to repay, the Company’s past credit loss experience, reasonable and supportable economic forecasts, and the value of the underlying collateral and expected recoveries.
The Company considers various third-party economic forecast scenarios as part of estimating the allowance for expected credit losses and applies a probability-weighting to those economic forecast scenarios. Changes inEach quarter, the Company’s outlook on economic conditions impactedimpacts the Company's retail and wholesale estimates for expected credit losses at March 27, 2022.losses. During the first quarter of 2022,2023, the U.S. economy and the Company’s outlook on economicoverall macro-economic conditions remained largely unchanged from the end of 2021. The pace of economic recovery remained uncertain as demonstrated by risingnear-term recession concerns did not abate, elevated levels of inflation continued to challenge the U.S. and global economies, and muted consumer confidence continued global supply chain disruptions, and the conflict in Ukraine,persisted, among other factors. As such, at the end of the first quarter of 2022,2023, the Company’s outlook on economic conditions included slow economic improvement inand its probability weighting of its economic scenario weighting.forecast scenarios were weighted towards a near-term recession.
Additionally, the historical experience incorporated into the portfolio-specific models does not fully reflect the Company's comprehensive expectations regarding the future. As such, the Company incorporated qualitative factors to establish an appropriate allowance for credit losses balance. These factors include motorcycle recovery value considerations, delinquency adjustments, specific problem loan trends, and others, as appropriate.changes in other portfolio-specific loan characteristics.
Due to the use of projections and assumptions in estimating the losses, the amount of losses actually incurred by the Company in either portfolio could differ from the amounts estimated. Further, the Company’s allowance for credit losses incorporates known conditions at the balance sheet date and the Company’s expectations surrounding the economic
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forecasts. The Company will continue to monitor future economic trends and conditions. Expectations surrounding the Company's economic forecasts may change in future periods as additional information becomes available.
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Changes in the Company's allowance for credit losses on its finance receivables by portfolio were as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 27, 2022 Three months ended March 31, 2023
RetailWholesaleTotal RetailWholesaleTotal
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$326,320 $13,059 $339,379 Balance, beginning of period$345,275 $13,436 $358,711 
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses28,614 208 28,822 Provision for credit losses50,969 1,395 52,364 
Charge-offsCharge-offs(41,804)— (41,804)Charge-offs(68,008)— (68,008)
RecoveriesRecoveries14,076 — 14,076 Recoveries15,364 — 15,364 
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$327,206 $13,267 $340,473 Balance, end of period$343,600 $14,831 $358,431 
Three months ended March 28, 2021 Three months ended March 27, 2022
RetailWholesaleTotal RetailWholesaleTotal
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$371,738 $19,198 $390,936 Balance, beginning of period$326,320 $13,059 $339,379 
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses(22,449)(25)(22,474)Provision for credit losses28,614 208 28,822 
Charge-offsCharge-offs(34,589)— (34,589)Charge-offs(41,804)— (41,804)
RecoveriesRecoveries12,360 — 12,360 Recoveries14,076 — 14,076 
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$327,060 $19,173 $346,233 Balance, end of period$327,206 $13,267 $340,473 
The Company manages retail credit risk through its credit approval process and ongoing collection efforts. The Company uses FICO scores, a standard credit rating measurement, to differentiate the expected default rates of retail credit applicants, enabling the Company to better evaluate credit applicants for approval and to tailor pricing according to this assessment. For the Company’s U.S. and Canadian retail finance receivables, the Company determines the credit quality indicator for each loan at origination and does not update the credit quality indicator subsequent to the loan origination date.
As loan performance by credit quality indicator differs between the U.S. and Canadian retail loans, the Company’s credit quality indicators vary for the 2two portfolios. For U.S. retail finance receivables, those with a FICO score of 740 or above at origination are generally considered super prime, loans with a FICO score between 640 and 740 are generally categorized as prime, and loans with FICO score below 640 are generally considered sub-prime. For Canadian retail finance receivables, those with a FICO score of 700 or above at origination are generally considered super prime, loans with a FICO score between 620 and 700 are generally categorized as prime, and loans with FICO score below 620 are generally considered sub-prime.

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The amortized cost of the Company's U.S. and Canadian retail finance receivables by vintage and credit quality indicator was as follows (in thousands):
March 27, 2022March 31, 2023
202220212020201920182017 & PriorTotal202320222021202020192018 & PriorTotal
U.S. Retail:U.S. Retail:U.S. Retail:
Super primeSuper prime$311,114 $890,413 $422,454 $268,692 $139,540 $68,682 $2,100,895 Super prime$284,656 $1,007,543 $547,008 $240,495 $133,205 $72,247 $2,285,154 
PrimePrime394,793 1,247,764 627,102 407,242 233,630 176,018 3,086,549 Prime314,959 1,317,733 799,814 378,539 224,682 170,944 3,206,671 
Sub-primeSub-prime125,280 427,813 240,999 159,968 91,444 91,610 1,137,114 Sub-prime86,541 379,206 264,358 145,132 94,898 85,829 1,055,964 
831,187 2,565,990 1,290,555 835,902 464,614 336,310 6,324,558 686,156 2,704,482 1,611,180 764,166 452,785 329,020 6,547,789 
Canadian Retail:Canadian Retail:Canadian Retail:
Super primeSuper prime14,015 47,025 29,382 23,367 11,524 4,515 129,828 Super prime10,428 44,213 26,550 15,250 9,921 4,668 111,030 
PrimePrime4,228 15,842 11,513 8,349 5,454 4,391 49,777 Prime3,650 14,850 9,711 6,482 4,439 3,917 43,049 
Sub-primeSub-prime506 2,180 1,961 1,401 861 773 7,682 Sub-prime579 2,013 1,237 1,033 754 619 6,235 
18,749 65,047 42,856 33,117 17,839 9,679 187,287 14,657 61,076 37,498 22,765 15,114 9,204 160,314 
$849,936 $2,631,037 $1,333,411 $869,019 $482,453 $345,989 $6,511,845 $700,813 $2,765,558 $1,648,678 $786,931 $467,899 $338,224 $6,708,103 
Current-period gross charge-offs:Current-period gross charge-offs:
US RetailUS Retail$— $23,440 $22,535 $10,215 $5,818 $5,100 $67,108 
Canadian RetailCanadian Retail— 300 245 150 33 172 900 
$— $23,740 $22,780 $10,365 $5,851 $5,272 $68,008 
December 31, 2022
202220212020201920182017 & PriorTotal
U.S. Retail:
Super prime$1,118,198 $612,890 $276,492 $159,550 $69,652 $26,701 $2,263,483 
Prime1,433,141 887,817 425,401 260,458 135,454 79,611 3,221,882 
Sub-prime420,660 298,153 164,946 108,372 57,993 46,827 1,096,951 
2,971,999 1,798,860 866,839 528,380 263,099 153,139 6,582,316 
Canadian Retail:
Super prime49,033 30,090 17,553 12,215 4,975 1,527 115,393 
Prime16,094 10,705 7,283 5,098 3,068 1,787 44,035 
Sub-prime2,223 1,402 1,173 869 475 315 6,457 
67,350 42,197 26,009 18,182 8,518 3,629 165,885 
$3,039,349 $1,841,057 $892,848 $546,562 $271,617 $156,768 $6,748,201 
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December 31, 2021
202120202019201820172016 & PriorTotal
U.S. Retail:
Super prime$1,010,636 $484,479 $316,390 $171,763 $65,753 $27,424 $2,076,445 
Prime1,391,385 712,858 470,177 277,206 142,288 82,169 3,076,083 
Sub-prime476,688 273,787 182,002 105,330 61,923 51,035 1,150,765 
2,878,709 1,471,124 968,569 554,299 269,964 160,628 6,303,293 
Canadian Retail:
Super prime51,779 32,724 27,073 13,984 4,619 1,614 131,793 
Prime16,882 12,675 9,244 6,230 3,628 1,779 50,438 
Sub-prime2,356 2,134 1,571 947 606 381 7,995 
71,017 47,533 37,888 21,161 8,853 3,774 190,226 
$2,949,726 $1,518,657 $1,006,457 $575,460 $278,817 $164,402 $6,493,519 
March 28, 2021March 27, 2022
202120202019201820172016 & PriorTotal202220212020201920182017 & PriorTotal
U.S. Retail:U.S. Retail:U.S. Retail:
Super primeSuper prime$260,359 $725,383 $502,847 $301,839 $134,213 $74,086 $1,998,727 Super prime$311,114 $890,413 $422,454 $268,692 $139,540 $68,682 $2,100,895 
PrimePrime349,662 1,026,080 706,940 445,201 249,327 183,217 2,960,427 Prime394,793 1,247,764 627,102 407,242 233,630 176,018 3,086,549 
Sub-primeSub-prime130,389 395,495 263,203 156,368 96,998 100,827 1,143,280 Sub-prime125,280 427,813 240,999 159,968 91,444 91,610 1,137,114 
740,410 2,146,958 1,472,990 903,408 480,538 358,130 6,102,434 831,187 2,565,990 1,290,555 835,902 464,614 336,310 6,324,558 
Canadian Retail:Canadian Retail:Canadian Retail:
Super primeSuper prime13,938 48,309 42,993 24,549 11,116 4,831 145,736 Super prime14,015 47,025 29,382 23,367 11,524 4,515 129,828 
PrimePrime4,245 17,350 13,055 9,263 5,808 4,178 53,899 Prime4,228 15,842 11,513 8,349 5,454 4,391 49,777 
Sub-primeSub-prime601 2,949 2,227 1,407 951 778 8,913 Sub-prime506 2,180 1,961 1,401 861 773 7,682 
18,784 68,608 58,275 35,219 17,875 9,787 208,548 18,749 65,047 42,856 33,117 17,839 9,679 187,287 
$759,194 $2,215,566 $1,531,265 $938,627 $498,413 $367,917 $6,310,982 $849,936 $2,631,037 $1,333,411 $869,019 $482,453 $345,989 $6,511,845 
The Company's credit risk on the wholesale portfolio is different from that of the retail portfolio. Whereas the retail portfolio represents a relatively homogeneous pool of retail finance receivables that exhibit more consistent loss patterns, the wholesale portfolio exposures are less consistent. The Company utilizes an internal credit risk rating system to manage credit risk exposure consistently across wholesale borrowers and individually evaluates credit risk factors for each borrower. The Company uses the following internal credit quality indicators, based on an internal risk rating system, listed from highest level of risk to lowest level of risk for the wholesale portfolio: Doubtful, Substandard, Special Mention, Medium Risk and Low Risk. Based upon the Company’s review, the dealers classified in the Doubtful category are the dealers with the greatest likelihood of being charged-off, while the dealers classified as Low Risk are least likely to be charged-off. Additionally, the Company classifies dealers identified as those in which foreclosure is probable as Non-Performing. The internal rating system considers factors such as the specific borrower's ability to repay and the estimated value of any collateral. Dealer risk rating classifications are reviewed and updated by the Company on a quarterly basis.
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The amortized cost of the Company's wholesale financial receivables, by vintage and credit quality indicator, was as follows (in thousands):
March 27, 2022March 31, 2023
202220212020201920182017 & PriorTotal202320222021202020192018 & PriorTotal
Non-PerformingNon-Performing$— $— $— $— $— $— $— Non-Performing$— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
DoubtfulDoubtful— — — — — — — Doubtful— — — — — — — 
SubstandardSubstandard— — — — — — — Substandard— — — — — — — 
Special MentionSpecial Mention— — — — — — — Special Mention— — — — — — — 
Medium RiskMedium Risk— — — — — — — Medium Risk— — — — — — — 
Low RiskLow Risk489,283 127,797 9,108 11,147 9,893 2,953 650,181 Low Risk857,152 335,247 9,123 6,191 11,130 5,208 1,224,051 
$489,283 $127,797 $9,108 $11,147 $9,893 $2,953 $650,181 $857,152 $335,247 $9,123 $6,191 $11,130 $5,208 $1,224,051 
December 31, 2021December 31, 2022
202120202019201820172016 & PriorTotal202220212020201920182017 & PriorTotal
Non-PerformingNon-Performing$— $— $— $— $— $— $— Non-Performing$— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
DoubtfulDoubtful— — — — — — — Doubtful— — — — — — — 
SubstandardSubstandard— — — — — — — Substandard— — — — — — — 
Special MentionSpecial Mention— — — — — — — Special Mention— — — — — — — 
Medium RiskMedium Risk— — — — — — — Medium Risk— — — — — — — 
Low RiskLow Risk380,211 11,379 11,047 10,565 3,662 917 417,781 Low Risk714,238 11,478 6,646 8,457 7,938 191 748,948 
$380,211 $11,379 $11,047 $10,565 $3,662 $917 $417,781 $714,238 $11,478 $6,646 $8,457 $7,938 $191 $748,948 
March 28, 2021March 27, 2022
202120202019201820172016 & PriorTotal202220212020201920182017 & PriorTotal
Non-PerformingNon-Performing$— $— $— $— $— $— $— Non-Performing$— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
DoubtfulDoubtful— — — — — — — Doubtful— — — — — — — 
SubstandardSubstandard— — — — — — — Substandard— — — — — — — 
Special MentionSpecial Mention567 530 262 17 — — 1,376 Special Mention— — — — — — — 
Medium RiskMedium Risk— 728 417 — — — 1,145 Medium Risk— — — — — — — 
Low RiskLow Risk600,144 122,970 44,614 12,568 6,392 2,819 789,507 Low Risk489,283 127,797 9,108 11,147 9,893 2,953 650,181 
$600,711 $124,228 $45,293 $12,585 $6,392 $2,819 $792,028 $489,283 $127,797 $9,108 $11,147 $9,893 $2,953 $650,181 
Retail finance receivables are contractually delinquent if the minimum payment is not received by the specified due date. Retail finance receivables at amortized cost, excluding accrued interest, are generally charged-off when the receivable is 120 days or more delinquent, the related asset is repossessed, or the receivable is otherwise deemed uncollectible. The Company reverses accrued interest related to charged-off accounts against Financial Services interest income when the account is charged-off. The Company reversed $4.9$7.2 million and $5.2$4.9 million of accrued interest against Financial Services interest income during the three months ended March 27, 202231, 2023 and March 28, 2021,27, 2022, respectively. All retail finance receivables accrue interest until either collected or charged-off. Due to the timely write-off of accrued interest, the Company made the election provided under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses to exclude accrued interest from its allowance for credit losses. Accordingly, as of March 27, 2022,31, 2023, December 31, 20212022 and March 28, 2021,27, 2022, all retail finance receivables were accounted for as interest-earning receivables.
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Wholesale finance receivables are delinquent if the minimum payment is not received by the contractual due date. Wholesale finance receivables are written down once the Company determines that the specific borrower does not have the ability to repay the loan in full. Interest continues to accrue on past due finance receivables until the date the Company determines that foreclosure is probable, and the finance receivable is placed on non-accrual status. The Company will resume accruing interest on these accounts when payments are current according to the terms of the loans and future payments are reasonably assured. While on non-accrual status, all cash received is applied to principal or interest as appropriate. Once an account is charged-off, the Company will reverse the associated accrued interest against interest income. As the Company follows a non-accrual policy for interest, the allowance for credit losses excludes accrued interest for the wholesale portfolio.
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There were no charged-off accounts during the three months ended March 27, 202231, 2023 and March 28, 2021.27, 2022. As such, the Company did not reverse any wholesale accrued interest in those periods. There were no dealers on non-accrual status at March 27, 2022,31, 2023, December 31, 2021,2022, and March 28, 2021.27, 2022.
The aging analysis of the Company's finance receivables was as follows (in thousands):
March 27, 2022 March 31, 2023
Current31-60 Days
Past Due
61-90 Days
Past Due
Greater than
90 Days
Past Due
Total
Past Due
TotalCurrent31-60 Days
Past Due
61-90 Days
Past Due
Greater than
90 Days
Past Due
Total
Past Due
Total
Retail finance receivablesRetail finance receivables$6,343,673 $99,705 $32,521 $35,946 $168,172 $6,511,845 Retail finance receivables$6,488,892 $125,327 $44,748 $49,136 $219,211 $6,708,103 
Wholesale finance receivablesWholesale finance receivables649,948 178 27 28 233 650,181 Wholesale finance receivables1,223,752 298 — 299 1,224,051 
$6,993,621 $99,883 $32,548 $35,974 $168,405 $7,162,026 $7,712,644 $125,625 $44,748 $49,137 $219,510 $7,932,154 
December 31, 2021 December 31, 2022
Current31-60 Days
Past Due
61-90 Days
Past Due
Greater than
90 Days
Past Due
Total
Past Due
TotalCurrent31-60 Days
Past Due
61-90 Days
Past Due
Greater than
90 Days
Past Due
Total
Past Due
Total
Retail finance receivablesRetail finance receivables$6,298,485 $115,942 $44,326 $34,766 $195,034 $6,493,519 Retail finance receivables$6,473,462 $152,343 $60,446 $61,950 $274,739 $6,748,201 
Wholesale finance receivablesWholesale finance receivables417,720 51 61 417,781 Wholesale finance receivables748,682 222 44 — 266 748,948 
$6,716,205 $115,951 $44,327 $34,817 $195,095 $6,911,300 $7,222,144 $152,565 $60,490 $61,950 $275,005 $7,497,149 
March 28, 2021 March 27, 2022
Current31-60 Days
Past Due
61-90 Days
Past Due
Greater than
90 Days
Past Due
Total
Past Due
TotalCurrent31-60 Days
Past Due
61-90 Days
Past Due
Greater than
90 Days
Past Due
Total
Past Due
Total
Retail finance receivablesRetail finance receivables$6,196,345 $69,032 $23,420 $22,185 $114,637 $6,310,982 Retail finance receivables$6,343,673 $99,705 $32,521 $35,946 $168,172 $6,511,845 
Wholesale finance receivablesWholesale finance receivables791,826 128 22 52 202 792,028 Wholesale finance receivables649,948 178 27 28 233 650,181 
$6,988,171 $69,160 $23,442 $22,237 $114,839 $7,103,010 $6,993,621 $99,883 $32,548 $35,974 $168,405 $7,162,026 
Generally, it is the Company’s policy not to change the terms and conditions of finance receivables. However, to minimize economic loss, the Company may modify certain finance receivables in troubled debt restructurings.loan modifications. Total finance receivables in troubled debt restructuringsloan modifications were not significant as of March 27, 2022,31, 2023, December 31, 20212022 and March 28, 2021. Additionally,27, 2022. In accordance with its policies, in certain situations, the Company may offer short-term adjustments to customer payment due dates without affecting the associated interest rate or loan term. From the second quarter of 2020 through the second quarter of 2021, in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company granted an increased amount of short-term payment due date extensions on eligible retail loans to help retail customers get through financial difficulties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company continues to grant standard payment extensions to customers in accordance with its policies.
9.8. Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company is exposed to risks from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. To reduce its exposure to such risks, the Company selectively uses derivative financial instruments. All derivative transactions are authorized and executed pursuant to regularly reviewed policies and procedures which prohibit the use of financial instruments for speculative trading purposes.
The Company sells products in foreign currencies and utilizes foreign currency exchange contracts to mitigate the effects of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations related to the Euro, Australian dollar, Japanese yen, Brazilian real, Canadian dollar, Mexican peso, Chinese yuan, Singapore dollar, Thai baht, and Pound sterling. The Company's foreign currency exchange contracts generally have maturities of less than one year.
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The Company utilizes commodity contracts to mitigate the effects of commodity price fluctuations related to metals and fuel consumed in its motorcycle operations. The Company's commodity contracts generally have maturities of less than one year.
The Company periodically utilizes treasury rate and swap rate lock contracts to fix the interest rate on a portion of the principal related to an anticipated issuance of long-term debt interest rate swaps to reduce the impact of fluctuations in interest rates on medium-term notes with floating interest rates, and cross-currency swaps to mitigate the effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on its foreign currency-denominated debt. The Company also utilizes interest rate caps to facilitate certain asset-backed securitization transactions.
All derivative financial instruments are recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets at fair value. In accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (ASC Topic 815), the accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative financial instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and, further, on the type of hedging relationship.
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Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges are initially recorded in Other comprehensive (loss) income (OCI) and subsequently reclassified into income when the hedged item affects income. The Company assesses, both at the inception of each hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative financial instruments that are designated as cash flow hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged items. No component of a designated hedging derivative financial instrument’s gain or loss is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. Derivative financial instruments not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to foreign currency, commodity risks, and interest rate risks. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments are recorded directly in income. Cash flow activity associated with the Company's derivative financial instruments is recorded in Cash flows from operating activities on the Consolidated statement of cash flow.
The notional and fair values of the Company's derivative financial instruments under ASC Topic 815 were as follows (in thousands):
Derivative Financial Instruments
Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
Derivative Financial Instruments
Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
March 27, 2022December 31, 2021March 28, 2021 March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 27, 2022
Notional
Value
Other Current AssetsAccrued LiabilitiesNotional
Value
Other Current AssetsAccrued LiabilitiesNotional
Value
Other Current AssetsAccrued LiabilitiesNotional
Value
Assets(a)
Liabilities(b)
Notional
Value
Assets(a)
Liabilities(b)
Notional
Value
Assets(a)
Liabilities(b)
Foreign currency contractsForeign currency contracts$585,451 $18,832 $3,576 $562,262 $14,644 $1,388 $402,814 $6,356 $6,071 Foreign currency contracts$530,175 $3,134 $12,659 $550,160 $6,054 $13,440 $585,451 $18,832 $3,576 
Commodity contractsCommodity contracts964 316 — 996 19 39 668 20 Commodity contracts906 — 339 1,361 — 410 964 316 — 
Cross-currency swapsCross-currency swaps1,367,460 18,835 — 1,367,460 35,071 — 1,367,460 73,449 — Cross-currency swaps2,127,240 — 34,685 1,367,460 — 36,101 1,367,460 18,835 — 
Swap rate lock contractsSwap rate lock contracts324,843 — 1,780 — — — — — — 
$1,953,875 $37,983 $3,576 $1,930,718 $49,734 $1,427 $1,770,942 $79,808 $6,091 $2,983,164 $3,134 $49,463 $1,918,981 $6,054 $49,951 $1,953,875 $37,983 $3,576 
Derivative Financial Instruments
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Derivative Financial Instruments
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
March 27, 2022December 31, 2021March 28, 2021March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 27, 2022
Notional
Value
Other Current AssetsAccrued LiabilitiesNotional
Value
Other Current AssetsAccrued LiabilitiesNotional
Value
Other Current AssetsAccrued LiabilitiesNotional
Value
Assets(a)
Liabilities(b)
Notional
Value
Assets(a)
Liabilities(b)
Notional
Value
Assets(a)
Liabilities(b)
Foreign currency contractsForeign currency contracts$230,336 $587 $722 $241,935 $1,299 $916 $214,337 $670 $595 Foreign currency contracts$— $— $— $— $— $— $230,336 $587 $722 
Commodity contractsCommodity contracts11,866 2,435 — 10,631 641 18 8,172 1,193 40 Commodity contracts11,229 99 755 10,803 310 310 11,866 2,435 — 
Interest rate capsInterest rate caps412,478 2,060 — 504,526 360 — 844,673 170 — Interest rate caps938,768 1,414 — 1,058,827 2,373 — 412,478 2,060 — 
$654,680 $5,082 $722 $757,092 $2,300 $934 $1,067,182 $2,033 $635 $949,997 $1,513 $755 $1,069,630 $2,683 $310 $654,680 $5,082 $722 
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(a)Includes $1.4 million and $2.4 million of interest rate caps recorded in Other long-term assets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, with all remaining amounts recorded in Other current assets.
(b)Includes $27.9 million and $24.2 million of cross-currency swaps recorded in Other long-term liabilities as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, with all remaining amounts recorded in Accrued liabilities.
The amounts of gains and losses related to the Company's derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges were as follows (in thousands):
Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in OCI
Gain/(Loss)
Reclassified from AOCL into Income
Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in OCI
Gain/(Loss)
Reclassified from AOCL into Income
Three months endedThree months ended Three months endedThree months ended
March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
March 31,
2023
March 27,
2022
March 31,
2023
March 27,
2022
Foreign currency contractsForeign currency contracts$8,444 $14,037 $5,655 $(4,953)Foreign currency contracts$(1,706)$8,444 $6,290 $5,655 
Commodity contractsCommodity contracts562 226 (32)Commodity contracts(309)562 (379)226 
Cross-currency swapsCross-currency swaps(16,236)(65,174)(25,800)(65,788)Cross-currency swaps1,416 (16,236)21,625 (25,800)
Treasury rate lock contractsTreasury rate lock contracts— — (127)(124)Treasury rate lock contracts1,139 — (66)(127)
Interest rate swaps— 397 — (2,689)
Swap rate lock contractsSwap rate lock contracts(1,780)— (5)— 
$(7,230)$(50,737)$(20,046)$(73,586)$(1,240)$(7,230)$27,465 $(20,046)
The location and amount of gains and losses recognized in income related to the Company's derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges were as follows (in thousands):
Motorcycles
cost of goods sold
Selling, administrative &
engineering expense
Interest expenseFinancial Services interest expense
Three months ended March 27, 2022
Line item on the Consolidated statements of operations in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded$895,536 $239,625 $7,711 $42,099 
Gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCL into income:
Foreign currency contracts$5,655 $— $— $— 
Commodity contracts$226 $— $— $— 
Cross-currency swaps$— $(25,800)$— $— 
Treasury rate lock contracts$— $— $(91)$(36)
Three months ended March 28, 2021
Line item on the Consolidated statements of operations in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded$811,622 $231,844 $7,708 $55,707 
Gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCL into income:
Foreign currency contracts$(4,953)$— $— $— 
Commodity contracts$(32)$— $— $— 
Cross-currency swaps$— $(65,788)$— $— 
Treasury rate lock contracts$— $— $(91)$(33)
Interest rate swaps$— $— $— $(2,689)
Motorcycles and related products
cost of goods sold
Selling, administrative &
engineering expense
Interest expenseFinancial services interest expense
Three months ended March 31, 2023
Line item on the Consolidated statements of operations in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recordedLine item on the Consolidated statements of operations in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded$1,007,301 $285,863 $7,720 $73,549 
Gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCL into income:Gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCL into income:
Foreign currency contractsForeign currency contracts$6,290 $— $— $— 
Commodity contractsCommodity contracts$(379)$— $— $— 
Cross-currency swapsCross-currency swaps$— $21,625 $— $— 
Treasury rate lock contractsTreasury rate lock contracts$— $— $(91)$25 
Swap rate lock contractsSwap rate lock contracts$— $— $— $(5)
Three months ended March 27, 2022
Line item on the Consolidated statements of operations in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recordedLine item on the Consolidated statements of operations in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded$895,536 $239,625 $7,711 $42,099 
Gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCL into income:Gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCL into income:
Foreign currency contractsForeign currency contracts$5,655 $— $— $— 
Commodity contractsCommodity contracts$226 $— $— $— 
Cross-currency swapsCross-currency swaps$— $(25,800)$— $— 
Treasury rate lock contractsTreasury rate lock contracts$— $— $(91)$(36)
The amount of net loss included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCL) at March 27, 2022,31, 2023, estimated to be reclassified into income over the next 12 months was $1.4$17.6 million.
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The amount of gains and losses recognized in income related to derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments were as follows (in thousands). Gains and losses on foreign currency contracts and commodity contracts were recorded in Motorcycles and related products cost of goods sold and the gains. Gains and losses on interest rate caps were recorded in Financial Services revenue.Selling, administrative & engineering expense.
Amount of Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in Income
Amount of Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in Income
Three months ended Three months ended
March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
March 31,
2023
March 27,
2022
Foreign currency contractsForeign currency contracts$(3,506)$(3,629)Foreign currency contracts$(627)$(3,506)
Commodity contractsCommodity contracts2,387 703 Commodity contracts(99)2,387 
Interest rate capsInterest rate caps1,700 123 Interest rate caps(958)1,700 
$581 $(2,803)$(1,684)$581 
The Company is exposed to credit loss risk in the event of non-performance by counterparties to its derivative financial instruments. Although no assurances can be given, the Company does not expect any of the counterparties to its derivative financial instruments to fail to meet their obligations. To manage credit loss risk, the Company evaluates counterparties based on credit ratings and, on a quarterly basis, evaluates each hedge’s net position relative to the counterparty’s ability to cover their position.
10. Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception. Right-of-use (ROU) assets related to the Company's leases are recorded in Lease assets and lease liabilities are recorded in Accrued liabilities and Lease liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets
ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset over the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of future lease payments over the lease term. The ROU asset also includes prepaid lease payments and initial direct costs and is reduced for lease incentives paid by the lessor. The discount rate used to determine the present value is generally the Company's incremental borrowing rate because the implicit rate in the lease is not readily determinable. The lease term used to calculate the ROU asset and lease liabilities includes periods covered by options to extend or terminate when the Company is reasonably certain the lease term will include these optional periods.
In accordance with ASC Topic 842, Leases (ASC Topic 842),the Company elected the short-term lease practical expedient that allows entities to recognize lease payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term for leases with a term of 12 months or less. The Company has also elected the practical expedient under ASC Topic 842 allowing entities to not separate non-lease components from lease components, but instead account for such components as a single lease component for all leases except leases involving assets used in manufacturing and distribution processes.
The Company has operating lease arrangements for sales and administrative offices, manufacturing and distribution facilities, product testing facilities, equipment and vehicles. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms ranging from 1 to 6 years, some of which include options to extend the lease term for periods generally not greater than 5 years and some of which include options to terminate the leases within 1 year. Certain leases also include options to purchase the leased asset. The Company's leases do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
Operating lease expense for the three months ended March 27, 2022 and March 28, 2021 was $6.7 million and $8.2 million, respectively. This includes variable lease costs related to assets used in manufacturing and distribution processes of approximately $1.0 million and $3.1 million for the three months ended March 27, 2022 and March 28, 2021, respectively. Other variable and short-term lease costs were not material.
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Balance sheet information related to the Company's leases was as follows (in thousands):
March 27,
2022
December 31,
2021
March 28,
2021
Lease assets$45,073 $49,625 $44,765 
Accrued liabilities$15,745 $17,369 $17,021 
Lease liabilities27,633 29,904 30,061 
$43,378 $47,273 $47,082 
Future maturities of the Company's operating lease liabilities as of March 27, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
2022$13,552 
202310,484 
20247,745 
20256,032 
20265,075 
Thereafter1,927 
Future lease payments44,815 
Present value discount(1,437)
Lease liabilities$43,378 
Other lease information surrounding the Company's operating leases was as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three months ended
March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
Cash outflows for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities$4,957 $4,947 
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations, net of modifications$1,279 $5,305 
March 27,
2022
December 31,
2021
March 28,
2021
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)3.783.863.81
Weighted-average discount rate1.9 %1.9 %2.9 %
11.9. Debt
Debt with a contractual term less than 12 months is generally classified as short-term and consisted of the following (in thousands):
March 27,
2022
December 31,
2021
March 28,
2021
Unsecured commercial paper$816,016 $751,286 $749,801 
Global credit facility borrowings— — 15,462 
$816,016 $751,286 $765,263 
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March 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
March 27,
2022
Unsecured commercial paper$501,243 $770,468 $816,016 
Debt with a contractual term greater than 12 months is generally classified as long-term and consisted of the following (in thousands): 
March 27,
2022
December 31,
2021
March 28,
2021
March 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
March 27,
2022
Secured debt:Secured debt:Secured debt:
Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facilityAsset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility$95,664 $85,054 $102,543 Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility$62,195 $71,785 $95,664 
Asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facilityAsset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility269,534 272,589 350,648 Asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility372,816 425,794 269,534 
Asset-backed securitization debtAsset-backed securitization debt1,363,254 1,634,753 2,109,046 Asset-backed securitization debt2,267,516 2,028,155 1,363,254 
Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costsUnamortized discounts and debt issuance costs(5,696)(7,611)(9,788)Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs(9,717)(8,741)(5,696)
1,722,756 1,984,785 2,552,449 2,692,810 2,516,993 1,722,756 
Unsecured notes (at par value):Unsecured notes (at par value):Unsecured notes (at par value):
Medium-term notes:Medium-term notes:Medium-term notes:
Due in 2021, issued May 20183.55 %— — 350,000 
Due in 2022, issued February 20194.05 %— 550,000 550,000 
Due in 2022, issued June 2017Due in 2022, issued June 20172.55 %400,000 400,000 400,000 Due in 2022, issued June 20172.55 %— — 400,000 
Due in 2023, issued February 2018Due in 2023, issued February 20183.35 %350,000 350,000 350,000 Due in 2023, issued February 20183.35 %— 350,000 350,000 
Due in 2023, issued May 2020(a)
Due in 2023, issued May 2020(a)
4.94 %723,886 737,302 762,996 
Due in 2023, issued May 2020(a)
4.94 %706,972 695,727 723,886 
Due in 2024, issued November 2019(b)
Due in 2024, issued November 2019(b)
3.14 %668,202 680,586 704,304 
Due in 2024, issued November 2019(b)
3.14 %652,590 642,210 668,202 
Due in 2025, issued June 2020Due in 2025, issued June 20203.35 %700,000 700,000 700,000 Due in 2025, issued June 20203.35 %700,000 700,000 700,000 
Due in 2027, issued February 2022Due in 2027, issued February 20223.05 %500,000 — — Due in 2027, issued February 20223.05 %500,000 500,000 500,000 
Due in 2028, issued March 2023Due in 2028, issued March 20236.50 %700,000 — — 
Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costsUnamortized discounts and debt issuance costs(12,243)(9,228)(13,564)Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs(13,971)(8,464)(12,243)
3,329,845 3,408,660 3,803,736 3,245,591 2,879,473 3,329,845 
Senior notes:
Due in 2025, issued July 20153.50 %450,000 450,000 450,000 
Due in 2045, issued July 20154.625 %300,000 300,000 300,000 
Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs(5,158)(5,332)(5,851)
744,842 744,668 744,149 
4,074,687 4,153,328 4,547,885 
Long-term debt5,797,443 6,138,113 7,100,334 
Current portion of long-term debt, net(1,327,357)(1,542,496)(1,622,243)
Long-term debt, net$4,470,086 $4,595,617 $5,478,091 
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March 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
March 27,
2022
Senior notes:
Due in 2025, issued July 20153.50 %450,000 450,000 450,000 
Due in 2045, issued July 20154.625 %300,000 300,000 300,000 
Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs(4,455)(4,632)(5,158)
745,545 745,368 744,842 
3,991,136 3,624,841 4,074,687 
Long-term debt6,683,946 6,141,834 5,797,443 
Current portion of long-term debt, net(1,408,777)(1,684,782)(1,327,357)
Long-term debt, net$5,275,169 $4,457,052 $4,470,086 
(a)€650.0 million par value remeasured to U.S. dollar at March 27, 2022,31, 2023, December 31, 2021,2022, and March 28, 2021,27, 2022, respectively
(b)€600.0 million par value remeasured to U.S. dollar at March 27, 2022,31, 2023, December 31, 2021,2022, and March 28, 2021,27, 2022, respectively

Future principal payments of the Company's debt obligations as of March 27, 202231, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):
2022$1,716,955 
20231,591,745 
20241,058,291 
20251,398,474 
202671,091 
Thereafter800,000 
Future principal payments6,636,556 
Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs(23,097)
$6,613,459 
23
2023$1,783,948 
20241,302,020 
20251,857,244 
2026606,941 
2027663,172 
Thereafter1,000,007 
Future principal payments7,213,332 
Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs(28,143)
$7,185,189 

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12.10. Asset-Backed Financing
The Company participates in asset-backed financing both through asset-backed securitization transactions and through asset-backed commercial paper conduit facilities. In the Company's asset-backed financing programs, the Company transfers retail motorcycle finance receivables to special purpose entities (SPEs), which are considered VIEs under U.S. GAAP. Each SPE then converts those assets into cash, through the issuance of debt. The Company retains servicing rights for all of the retail motorcycle finance receivables transferred to SPEs as part of an asset-backed financing. The accounting treatment for asset-backed financings depends on the terms of the related transaction and the Company’s continuing involvement with the VIE.
In transactions where the Company has power over the significant activities of the VIE and has an obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that are potentially significant to the VIE, the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE and consolidates the VIE within its consolidated financial statements. On a consolidated basis, the asset-backed financing is treated as a secured borrowing in this type of transaction and is referred to as an on-balance sheet asset-backed financing.
In transactions where the Company is not the primary beneficiary of the VIE, the Company must determine whether it can achieve a sale for accounting purposes under ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing. To achieve a sale for accounting purposes, the assets being transferred must be legally isolated, not be constrained by restrictions from further transfer, and be deemed to be beyond the Company’s control. If the Company does not meet all of these criteria for sale accounting, then the transaction is accounted for as a secured borrowing and is referred to as an on-balance sheet asset-backed financing.
If the Company meets all three of the sale criteria above, the transaction is recorded as a sale for accounting purposes and is referred to as an off-balance sheet asset-backed financing. Upon sale, the retail motorcycle finance receivables are removed from the Company’s Consolidated balance sheets and a gain or loss is recognized for the difference between the cash proceeds received, the assets derecognized, and the liabilities recognized as part of the transaction. The gain or loss on sale is included in Financial Services revenue on the Consolidated statements of operations.
The Company is not required, and does not currently intend, to provide any additional financial support to the on- or off-balance sheet VIEs associated with these transactions. Investors and creditors in these transactions only have recourse to the assets held by the VIEs.
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The assets and liabilities related to the on-balance sheet asset-backed financings included in the Consolidated balance sheets were as follows (in thousands):
March 27, 2022
Finance receivablesAllowance for credit lossesRestricted cashOther assetsTotal assetsAsset-backed debt, net
On-balance sheet assets and liabilities:
Consolidated VIEs:
Asset-backed securitizations$1,755,446 $(88,090)$131,992 $3,724 $1,803,072 $1,357,558 
Asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility290,481 (14,549)24,305 649 300,886 269,534 
Unconsolidated VIEs:
Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility108,052 (4,457)8,129 43 111,767 95,664 
$2,153,979 $(107,096)$164,426 $4,416 $2,215,725 $1,722,756 
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December 31, 2021March 31, 2023
Finance receivablesAllowance for credit lossesRestricted cashOther assetsTotal assetsAsset-backed debt, netFinance receivablesAllowance for credit lossesRestricted cashOther assetsTotal assetsAsset-backed debt, net
On-balance sheet assets and liabilities:On-balance sheet assets and liabilities:On-balance sheet assets and liabilities:
Consolidated VIEs:Consolidated VIEs:Consolidated VIEs:
Asset-backed securitizationsAsset-backed securitizations$2,048,194 $(102,779)$123,717 $2,328 $2,071,460 $1,627,142 Asset-backed securitizations$2,815,885 $(144,336)$142,265 $8,799 $2,822,613 $2,257,799 
Asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facilityAsset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility297,454 (14,898)20,567 654 303,777 272,589 Asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility410,529 (21,031)29,020 1,939 420,457 372,816 
Unconsolidated VIEs:Unconsolidated VIEs:Unconsolidated VIEs:
Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facilityAsset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility97,180 (3,990)6,191 139 99,520 85,054 Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility70,485 (2,980)5,193 151 72,849 62,195 
$2,442,828 $(121,667)$150,475 $3,121 $2,474,757 $1,984,785 $3,296,899 $(168,347)$176,478 $10,889 $3,315,919 $2,692,810 
March 28, 2021December 31, 2022
Finance receivablesAllowance for credit lossesRestricted cashOther assetsTotal assetsAsset-backed debt, netFinance receivablesAllowance for credit lossesRestricted cashOther assetsTotal assetsAsset-backed debt, net
On-balance sheet assets and liabilities:On-balance sheet assets and liabilities:On-balance sheet assets and liabilities:
Consolidated VIEs:Consolidated VIEs:Consolidated VIEs:
Asset-backed securitizationsAsset-backed securitizations$2,448,681 $(126,053)$166,694 $2,852 $2,492,174 $2,099,258 Asset-backed securitizations$2,558,450 $(130,774)$114,254 $7,899 $2,549,829 $2,019,414 
Asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facilityAsset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility378,035 (19,432)30,252 1,175 390,030 350,648 Asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility474,167 (24,236)26,874 1,906 478,711 425,794 
Unconsolidated VIEs:Unconsolidated VIEs:Unconsolidated VIEs:
Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facilityAsset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility115,742 (5,388)9,743 206 120,303 102,543 Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility82,375 (3,452)4,873 130 83,926 71,785 
$2,942,458 $(150,873)$206,689 $4,233 $3,002,507 $2,552,449 $3,114,992 $(158,462)$146,001 $9,935 $3,112,466 $2,516,993 
March 27, 2022
Finance receivablesAllowance for credit lossesRestricted cashOther assetsTotal assetsAsset-backed debt, net
On-balance sheet assets and liabilities:On-balance sheet assets and liabilities:
Consolidated VIEs:Consolidated VIEs:
Asset-backed securitizationsAsset-backed securitizations$1,755,446 $(88,090)$131,992 $3,724 $1,803,072 $1,357,558 
Asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facilityAsset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility290,481 (14,549)24,305 649 300,886 269,534 
Unconsolidated VIEs:Unconsolidated VIEs:
Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facilityAsset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility108,052 (4,457)8,129 43 111,767 95,664 
$2,153,979 $(107,096)$164,426 $4,416 $2,215,725 $1,722,756 
On-Balance Sheet Asset-Backed Securitization VIEs – The Company transfers U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to SPEs which in turn issue secured notes to investors, with various maturities and interest rates, secured by future collections of the purchased U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables. Each on-balance sheet asset-backed securitization SPE is a separate legal entity, and the U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables included in the asset-backed securitizations are only available for payment of the secured debt and other obligations arising from the asset-backed securitization transactions and are not available to pay other obligations or claims of the Company’s creditors until the associated secured debt and other obligations are satisfied. Restricted cash balances held by the SPEs are used only to support the securitizations. There are no amortization schedules for the secured notes; however, the debt is reduced monthly as available collections on the related U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables are applied to outstanding principal. The secured notes currently have various contractual maturities ranging from 2024 to 2029.2030.
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The Company is the primary beneficiary of its on-balance sheet asset-backed securitization VIEs because it retains servicing rights and a residual interest in the VIEs in the form of a debt security. As the servicer, the Company is the variable interest holder with the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. As a residual interest holder, the Company has the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive benefits which could potentially be significant to the VIE.
There were no on-balance sheet asset-backed securitization transactions during the first quarter of 2022. During the first quarter of 2021,2023, the Company transferred $663.1$628.5 million of U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to an SPE which, in turn, issued $600.0$550.0 million, or $597.4$547.7 million net of discount and issuance costs, of secured notes through an on-balance sheet asset-backed securitization transaction. There were no on-balance sheet asset-backed securitization transactions during the first quarter of 2022.
On-Balance Sheet Asset-Backed U.S. Commercial Paper Conduit Facility VIE – The Company has a $900.0 million$1.50 billion revolving facility agreement (the U.S. Conduit Facility) with third-party banks and their asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduits. Under the revolving facility agreement, the Company may transfer U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to an SPE, which in turn may issue debt to those third-party banks and their asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduits. In addition toNovember 2022, the $900.0 million aggregate commitment,Company renewed the U.S. Conduit Facility. As a result of the renewal, the agreement no longer allows for uncommitted additional borrowings, at the lender’slender's discretion, of up to
25

Table $300.0 million in addition to the $1.50 billion aggregate commitment. Prior to the November 2022 renewal, the Company drew against the $300.0 million of Contents
$300.0 million.uncommitted additional borrowings that were available prior to the renewal and, at March 31, 2023, $72.8 million of the amount drawn remained outstanding. Availability under the U.S. Conduit Facility is based on, among other things, the amount of eligible U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables held by the SPE as collateral.
Under the U.S. Conduit Facility, the assets of the SPE are restricted as collateral for the payment of the debt or other obligations arising in the transaction and are not available to pay other obligations or claims of the Company’s creditors. The terms for this debt provide for interest on the outstanding principal based on prevailing commercial paper rates if funded by a conduit lender through the issuance of commercial paper. IfSubsequent to the November 2022 renewal, the interest rate on all outstanding debt and future borrowings, if not funded by a conduit lender through the issuance of commercial paper, is based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), with provisions for a transition to other benchmark rates in the future, if necessary. Prior to the renewal, if not funded by a conduit lender through the issuance of commercial paper, the terms of the interest arewere based on LIBOR or SOFR, as appropriate, with provisions for a transition to other benchmark rates, generally aligningrates. In addition to recommendations published by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee convened by the Federal Reserve Board and Federal Reserve Bank of New York. In each of these cases,interest, a program fee is assessed based on the outstanding debt principal balance. The U.S. Conduit Facility also provides for an unused commitment fee based on the unused portion of the total aggregate commitment. When calculating the unused fee, the aggregate commitment does not include any unused portion of the $300.0 million additional borrowings allowed. There is no amortization schedule; however, the debt is reduced monthly as available collections on the related finance receivables are applied to outstanding principal. Upon expiration of the U.S. Conduit Facility, any outstanding principal will continue to be reduced monthly through available collections. The expected remaining term of the related receivables held by the SPE is approximately 54 years. Unless earlier terminated or extended by mutual agreement of the Company and the lenders, as of March 27, 2022,31, 2023, the U.S. Conduit Facility has an expiration date of November 18, 2022.17, 2023.
The Company is the primary beneficiary of its U.S. Conduit Facility VIE because it retains servicing rights and a residual interest in the VIE in the form of a debt security. As the servicer, the Company is the variable interest holder with the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. As a residual interest holder, the Company has the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive benefits which could potentially be significant to the VIE.
There were no finance receivable transfers under the U.S. Conduit Facility during the first quarter of 2023. During the first quarter of 2022, the Company transferred $47.1 million of U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to an SPE which, in turn, issued $41.3 million of debt under the U.S. Conduit Facility. There were no finance receivable transfers under the U.S. Conduit Facility during the first quarter of 2021.
On-Balance Sheet Asset-Backed Canadian Commercial Paper Conduit Facility –The Company has a revolving facility agreement (Canadian Conduit) with a Canadian bank-sponsored asset-backed commercial paper conduit. Under the agreement, the Canadian Conduit is contractually committed, at the Company's option, to purchase eligible Canadian retail motorcycle finance receivables for proceeds up to C$125.0 million. Prior to the renewal and amendment, the Canadian Conduit was contractually committed, at the Company's option, to purchase from the Company eligible Canadian retail motorcycle finance receivables for proceeds up to C$220.0 million. The transferred assets are restricted as collateral for the payment of the associated debt. The terms for this debt provide for interest on the outstanding principal based on prevailing market interest rates plus a specified margin. The Canadian Conduit also provides for a program fee and an unused commitment fee based on the unused portion of the total aggregate commitment of C$125.0 million. There is no amortization schedule; however, the debt is reduced monthly as available collections on the related finance receivables are applied to outstanding principal. Upon expiration of the Canadian Conduit, any outstanding principal will continue to be reduced monthly through available collections. The expected remaining term of the related receivables is approximately 54 years.
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Table of Contents
Unless earlier terminated or extended by mutual agreement between the Company and the lenders, as of March 27, 2022,31, 2023, the Canadian Conduit has an expiration date of June 27, 2022.30, 2023.
The Company is not the primary beneficiary of the Canadian bank-sponsored, multi-seller conduit VIE; therefore, the Company does not consolidate the VIE. However, the Company treats the conduit facility as a secured borrowing as it maintains effective control over the assets transferred to the VIE and, therefore, does not meet the requirements for sale accounting.
As the Company participates in and does not consolidate the Canadian bank-sponsored, multi-seller conduit VIE, the maximum exposure to loss associated with this VIE, which would only be incurred in the unlikely event that all the finance receivables and underlying collateral have no residual value, was $16.1$10.7 million at March 27, 2022.31, 2023. The maximum exposure is not an indication of the Company's expected loss exposure.
There were no finance receivable transfers under the Canadian Conduit Facility during the first quarter of 2023. During the first quarter of 2022, the Company transferred $25.3 million of Canadian retail motorcycle finance receivables to the Canadian Conduit for proceeds of $21.2 million. There were no finance receivable transfers under the Canadian Conduit during the first quarter of 2021.
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Table of Contents
13.11. Fair Value
The Company assessesfollowing tables present the inputs used to measure fair value using a three-tier hierarchy.
Level 1 inputs include quoted prices for identical instruments and arevalues of certain of the most observable.
Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similarCompany's assets and observable inputs such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, and yield curves. The Company uses the market approach to deriveliabilities within the fair value for its Level 2 fair value measurements. Foreign currency contracts, commodity contracts, and cross-currency swaps are valued using quoted forward rates and prices; interest rate caps are valued using quoted interest rates and yield curves.
Level 3 inputs are not observablehierarchy as defined in the market and include the Company's judgments about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.Note 1.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements – The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows (in thousands):
March 27, 2022 March 31, 2023
BalanceLevel 1Level 2BalanceLevel 1Level 2
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Cash equivalentsCash equivalents$968,395 $803,400 $164,995 Cash equivalents$1,030,696 $858,000 $172,696 
Marketable securitiesMarketable securities45,189 45,189 — Marketable securities34,017 34,017 — 
Derivative financial instrumentsDerivative financial instruments43,065 — 43,065 Derivative financial instruments4,647 — 4,647 
$1,056,649 $848,589 $208,060 $1,069,360 $892,017 $177,343 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Derivative financial instrumentsDerivative financial instruments$4,298 $— $4,298 Derivative financial instruments$50,218 $— $50,218 
LiveWire warrantsLiveWire warrants7,320 4,800 2,520 
December 31, 2021$57,538 $4,800 $52,738 
BalanceLevel 1Level 2
Assets:
Cash equivalents$1,617,887 $1,337,900 $279,987 
Marketable securities49,650 49,650 — 
Derivative financial instruments52,034 — 52,034 
$1,719,571 $1,387,550 $332,021 
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments$2,361 $— $2,361 
March 28, 2021
BalanceLevel 1Level 2
Assets:
Cash equivalents$2,069,400 $1,919,400 $150,000 
Marketable securities50,239 50,239 — 
Derivative financial instruments81,841 — 81,841 
$2,201,480 $1,969,639 $231,841 
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments$6,726 $— $6,726 
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Table of Contents
 December 31, 2022
BalanceLevel 1Level 2
Assets:
Cash equivalents$805,629 $594,000 $211,629 
Marketable securities33,071 33,071 — 
Derivative financial instruments8,737 — 8,737 
$847,437 $627,071 $220,366 
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments$50,261 $— $50,261 
LiveWire warrants8,388 5,500 2,888 
$58,649 $5,500 $53,149 
 March 27, 2022
BalanceLevel 1Level 2
Assets:
Cash equivalents$968,395 $803,400 $164,995 
Marketable securities45,189 45,189 — 
Derivative financial instruments43,065 — 43,065 
$1,056,649 $848,589 $208,060 
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments$4,298 $— $4,298 
LiveWire warrants— $— $— 
$4,298 $— $4,298 
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements – Repossessed inventory is recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value through a nonrecurring fair value measurement. Repossessed inventory was $17.9$24.9 million, $18.3$20.7 million and $18.617.9 million atas of March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and March 27, 2022, December 31, 2021 and March 28, 2021, respectively, for which the fair value adjustment was a decrease of $0.6$6.8 million, $2.9$7.5 million and $2.4$0.6 million, respectively. Fair value is estimated using Level 2 inputs based on the recent market values of repossessed inventory.
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Fair Value of Financial Instruments Measured at Cost – The carrying value of the Company's Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash approximates their fair values. The fair value and carrying value of the Company’s remaining financial instruments that are measured at cost or amortized cost were as follows (in thousands):
March 27, 2022December 31, 2021March 28, 2021 March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 27, 2022
Fair ValueCarrying ValueFair ValueCarrying ValueFair ValueCarrying Value Fair ValueCarrying ValueFair ValueCarrying ValueFair ValueCarrying Value
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Finance receivables, netFinance receivables, net$6,920,395 $6,821,553 $6,794,499 $6,571,921 $6,930,531 $6,756,777 Finance receivables, net$7,611,579 $7,573,723 $7,248,353 $7,138,438 $6,920,395 $6,821,553 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Deposits, netDeposits, net$359,995 $348,083 $293,602 $290,326 $152,715 $152,653 Deposits, net$391,238 $369,311 $339,981 $317,375 $359,995 $348,083 
Debt:Debt:Debt:
Unsecured commercial paperUnsecured commercial paper$816,016 $816,016 $751,286 $751,286 $749,801 $749,801 Unsecured commercial paper$501,243 $501,243 $770,468 $770,468 $816,016 $816,016 
Global credit facility borrowings$— $— $— $— $15,462 $15,462 
Asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facilityAsset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility$269,534 $269,534 $272,589 $272,589 $350,648 $350,648 Asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility$372,816 $372,816 $425,794 $425,794 $269,534 $269,534 
Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facilityAsset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility$95,664 $95,664 $85,054 $85,054 $102,543 $102,543 Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility$62,195 $62,195 $71,785 $71,785 $95,664 $95,664 
Asset-backed securitization debtAsset-backed securitization debt$1,343,706 $1,357,558 $1,633,749 $1,627,142 $2,120,855 $2,099,258 Asset-backed securitization debt$2,240,966 $2,257,799 $1,996,550 $2,019,414 $1,343,706 $1,357,558 
Medium-term notesMedium-term notes$3,326,310 $3,329,845 $3,513,815 $3,408,660 $3,955,743 $3,803,736 Medium-term notes$3,153,175 $3,245,591 $2,760,093 $2,879,473 $3,326,310 $3,329,845 
Senior notesSenior notes$724,089 $744,842 $790,373 $744,668 $789,967 $744,149 Senior notes$665,665 $745,545 $661,630 $745,368 $724,089 $744,842 
Finance Receivables, net – The carrying value of retail and wholesale finance receivables is amortized cost less an allowance for credit losses. The fair value of retail finance receivables is generally calculated by discounting future cash flows using an estimated discount rate that reflects current credit, interest rate and prepayment risks associated with similar types of instruments. Fair value is determined based on Level 3 inputs. The amortized cost basis of wholesale finance receivables approximates fair value because they are generally either short-term or have interest rates that adjust with changes in market interest rates.
Deposits, net – The carrying value of deposits is amortized cost.cost, net of fees. The fair value of deposits is estimated based upon rates currently available for deposits with similar terms and maturities. Fair value is calculated using Level 3 inputs.
Debt – The carrying value of debt is generally cost, net of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs. The fair value of unsecured commercial paper and credit facility borrowings areis calculated using Level 2 inputs and approximates carrying value due to its short maturity. The fair value of debt provided under the U.S. Conduit Facility and the Canadian Conduit Facility is calculated using Level 2 inputs and approximates carrying value since the interest rates charged under the facilities are tied directly to market rates and fluctuate as market rates change. The fair values of the medium-term notes and senior notes are estimated based upon rates currently available for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities (Level 2 inputs). The fair value of the fixed-rate debt related to on-balance sheet asset-backed securitization transactions is estimated based on pricing currently available for transactions with similar terms and maturities (Level 2 inputs). The fair value of the floating-rate debt related to on-balance sheet asset-backed securitization transactions is calculated using Level 2 inputs and approximates carrying value since the interest rates charged are tied directly to market rates and fluctuate as market rates change.
14.12. Product Warranty and Recall Campaigns
The Company currently provides a standard two-year limited warranty on all new motorcycles sold worldwide, except in certain markets, where the Company currently provides a standard three-year limited warranty. The Company also provides a five-year unlimitedlimited warranty on the battery for electric motorcycles. In addition, the Company provides a one-year warranty for parts and accessories. The warranty coverage for the retail customer generally begins when the product is sold to a retail customer. The Company accrues for future warranty claims at the time of shipment using an estimated cost based primarily on historical Company claim information.
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Additionally, the Company has from time to time initiated certain voluntary recall campaigns. The Company records estimated recall costs when the liability is both probable and estimable. This generally occurs when the Company's management approves and commits to a recall. The warranty and recall liability is included in Accrued liabilities and Other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the Company’s warranty and recall liabilities were as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended Three months ended
March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
March 31,
2023
March 27,
2022
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$61,621 $69,208 Balance, beginning of period$75,960 $61,621 
Warranties issued during the periodWarranties issued during the period10,711 11,672 Warranties issued during the period11,927 10,711 
Settlements made during the periodSettlements made during the period(7,096)(8,585)Settlements made during the period(12,051)(7,096)
Recalls and changes to pre-existing warranty liabilitiesRecalls and changes to pre-existing warranty liabilities(141)132 Recalls and changes to pre-existing warranty liabilities(1,168)(141)
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$65,095 $72,427 Balance, end of period$74,668 $65,095 
The liability for recall campaigns, included in the balance above, was $16.7$26.6 million, $16.9$29.7 million and $25.3$16.7 million at March 27, 2022,31, 2023, December 31, 20212022 and March 28, 2021,27, 2022, respectively.
15.13. Employee Benefit Plans
The Company has a qualified pension plan and postretirement healthcare benefit plans. The plans cover certain eligible employees and retirees of the MotorcyclesHDMC segment. The Company also has unfunded supplemental employee retirement plan agreements (SERPA) with certain employees. Service cost is allocated among Selling, administrative and engineering expense, Motorcycles and related products cost of goods sold and Inventories, net. Amounts capitalized in inventory are not significant. Non-service cost components of net periodic benefit (income) cost are presented in Other income, net. Components of net periodic benefit (income) cost for the Company's defined benefit plans were as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended Three months ended
March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
March 31,
2023
March 27,
2022
Pension and SERPA Benefits:Pension and SERPA Benefits:Pension and SERPA Benefits:
Service costService cost$4,763 $6,348 Service cost$1,294 $4,763 
Interest costInterest cost15,472 15,470 Interest cost20,476 15,472 
Expected return on plan assetsExpected return on plan assets(31,476)(32,720)Expected return on plan assets(36,519)(31,476)
Amortization of unrecognized:Amortization of unrecognized:Amortization of unrecognized:
Prior service credit(328)(312)
Net loss7,978 18,386 
Settlement (gain) loss(256)816 
Prior service cost (credit)Prior service cost (credit)188 (328)
Net (gain) lossNet (gain) loss(181)7,978 
Settlement gainSettlement gain(222)(256)
Net periodic benefit (income) cost$(3,847)$7,988 
Net periodic benefit incomeNet periodic benefit income$(14,964)$(3,847)
Postretirement Healthcare Benefits:Postretirement Healthcare Benefits:Postretirement Healthcare Benefits:
Service costService cost$1,161 $1,288 Service cost$797 $1,161 
Interest costInterest cost1,904 1,626 Interest cost2,772 1,904 
Expected return on plan assetsExpected return on plan assets(3,809)(3,495)Expected return on plan assets(4,281)(3,809)
Amortization of unrecognized:Amortization of unrecognized:Amortization of unrecognized:
Prior service creditPrior service credit(581)(581)Prior service credit(166)(581)
Net loss122 264 
Net (gain) lossNet (gain) loss(1,097)122 
Net periodic benefit incomeNet periodic benefit income$(1,203)$(898)Net periodic benefit income$(1,975)$(1,203)
There are no required or planned voluntary qualified pension plan contributions for 2022.2023. The Company expects it will continue to make ongoing benefit payments under the SERPA and postretirement healthcare plans.
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16.14. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation and Other Claims – The Company is subject to lawsuits and other claims related to product, commercial, employee, environmental and other matters. In determining costs to accrue related to these items, the Company carefully analyzes cases and considers the likelihood of adverse judgments or outcomes, as well as the potential range of possible loss. The Company accrues for matters when losses are both probable and estimable. Any amounts accrued for these matters are monitored on an ongoing basis and are updated based on new developments or new information as it becomes available for each matter. The Company also maintains insurance coverage for product liability exposures. The Company believes that its accruals and insurance coverage are adequate and there are no material exposures to loss in excess of amounts accrued and insured for losses related to these matters.
LiveWire Transaction Supply MatterOn December 13, 2021,During the second quarter of 2022, the Company received information from a third-party sub-supplier concerning a potential regulatory compliance matter relating to the sub-supplier’s brake hose assemblies. As a result, out of an abundance of caution, the Company suspended all vehicle assembly and AEA-Bridges Impact Corp. (ABIC)shipments (excluding LiveWire models, which did not utilize the brake hose assemblies at issue) for approximately two weeks during the second quarter of 2022. Since then, the Company has been working through the regulatory compliance matter with the sub-supplier, the Company’s relevant Tier-1 suppliers, and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), which is the agency responsible for brake hose assembly compliance in the United States.

In connection with this matter, in July 2022, the sub-supplier notified NHTSA of a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC), announcedpopulation of brake hose assemblies that they have entered into a definitive business combination agreement under which LiveWire,were non-compliant with select NHTSA laboratory test standards. Based on that filing, in August 2022, the Company's electric motorcycle division, will become a separate businessCompany notified NHTSA of the Company and ABIC will combine with LiveWirecorresponding population of Harley-Davidson motorcycles containing those brake hose assemblies. In October 2022, the sub-supplier amended its original notification, expanding its population of non-compliant brake hose assemblies to create a new publicly traded company. The parties expect thatinclude units produced by the transaction will be financed by ABIC’s $400 million cash heldsub-supplier for use in trust (assuming no redemptions by ABIC’s shareholders in the context of the transaction), a $100 million cash investment fromHarley-Davidson motorcycles beginning as early as model year 2008. In December 2022, the Company amended its August notification, expanding the population to also include Harley-Davidson motorcycles that contained the sub-supplier’s newly identified brake hose assemblies. On March 30, 2023, the sub-supplier again amended its notification to NHTSA, identifying additional compliance issues with its brake hose assemblies. The Company is currently evaluating the sub-supplier’s latest amended notification and plans to again amend its notification to NHTSA to align with the sub-supplier’s amended notification.

As permitted by federal law, both the sub-supplier and the Company have leveraged NHTSA’s standard process to petition the agency for a $100 million investment from an independent strategic investor, Kwang Yang Motor Co., Ltd. (KYMCO)determination that these compliance issues are inconsequential to motor vehicle safety (an “Inconsequentiality Determination”). In addition, toIf NHTSA makes the extent any shares of the SPAC are redeemed,Inconsequentiality Determination requested, the Company will invest an additional amount equalbe exempt from conducting a field action or a recall of its motorcycles related to this matter.

In its inconsequentiality petition, the Company has presented (and plans to further present) NHTSA with: (1) extensive independent, third-party and internal testing demonstrating that the brake hose assemblies at issue are robust to extreme conditions - which far exceed maximum expected motorcycle lifetime demands - with no impact to brake performance; and (2) real-world field safety data showing no documented crashes or injuries attributable to the dollar valueidentified compliance issues. The Company believes its petition is closely comparable to inconsequentiality petitions which have resulted in successful Inconsequentiality Determinations in the past. The Company is also confident that its position that the compliance issues are inconsequential to motor vehicle safety is strong and, therefore, no field action or recall will be necessary.

Based on its expectation that NHTSA will make an Inconsequentiality Determination, the Company does not expect that this matter will result in material costs in the future and no such costs have been accrued to date. However, it is possible that a field action or recall could be required that could cause the Company to incur material costs. There are several variables and uncertainties associated with any potential field action or recall that are not yet known including, but not limited to, the population of such redemptions upbrake hose assemblies and motorcycles, the specific field action or recall required, the complexity of the required repair, and the number of motorcycle owners that would participate. Based on the Company’s information and assumptions, it estimates the cost of a potential field action or recall, if it were to a maximum of $100occur, could range from approximately $200 million to $400 million.
The transaction, which has been approved While the Company anticipates this estimated range to change based on information most recently provided by the boards of directors of bothsub-supplier, the Company cannot make a reasonable updated estimate at this time. The Company maintains its expectation that NHTSA will make an Inconsequentiality Determination and ABIC, is expectedthat this matter will not result in any material field action or recall costs. If material field action or recall costs were to close mid-2022. The consummation of the business combination is subject to the approval of ABIC’s shareholders as well as other conditions and regulatory approvals. Upon closing of the transaction,result, the Company will retain a controlling financial interest in LiveWire. The expectation is that, upon closingwould seek full recovery of the transaction, the Company will retain an equity interest in the separate public companythose amounts.
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Table of approximately 74%. As the controlling shareholder following the transaction, the Company will continue to consolidate LiveWire’s results, with additional adjustments to recognize non-controlling shareholder interests.Contents
17.15. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 27, 2022
Foreign currency translation adjustmentsDerivative financial instrumentsPension and postretirement benefit plansTotal
Balance, beginning of period$(44,401)$(2,005)$(194,513)$(240,919)
Other comprehensive loss, before reclassifications(3,804)(7,230)— (11,034)
Income tax (expense) benefit(317)1,493 — 1,176 
(4,121)(5,737)— (9,858)
Reclassifications:
Net loss on derivative financial instruments— 20,046 — 20,046 
Prior service credits(a)
— — (909)(909)
Actuarial losses(a)
— — 8,100 8,100 
Reclassifications before tax— 20,046 7,191 27,237 
Income tax expense— (4,381)(1,689)(6,070)
— 15,665 5,502 21,167 
Other comprehensive (loss) income(4,121)9,928 5,502 11,309 
Balance, end of period$(48,522)$7,923 $(189,011)$(229,610)
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Three months ended March 31, 2023
Foreign currency translation adjustmentsDerivative financial instrumentsPension and postretirement benefit plansTotal
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$(80,271)$(10,440)$(251,218)$(341,929)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassificationsOther comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications10,976 (1,240)— 9,736 
Income tax (expense) benefitIncome tax (expense) benefit(855)374 — (481)
10,121 (866)— 9,255 
Reclassifications:Reclassifications:
Net gain on derivative financial instrumentsNet gain on derivative financial instruments— (27,465)— (27,465)
Prior service credits(a)
Prior service credits(a)
— — 22 22 
Actuarial gains(a)
Actuarial gains(a)
— — (1,278)(1,278)
Reclassifications before taxReclassifications before tax— (27,465)(1,256)(28,721)
Income tax benefitIncome tax benefit— 6,449 294 6,743 
— (21,016)(962)(21,978)
Other comprehensive (loss) incomeOther comprehensive (loss) income10,121 (21,882)(962)(12,723)
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$(70,150)$(32,322)$(252,180)$(354,652)
Three months ended March 28, 2021Three months ended March 27, 2022
Foreign currency translation adjustmentsDerivative financial instrumentsPension and postretirement benefit plansTotalForeign currency translation adjustmentsDerivative financial instrumentsPension and postretirement benefit plansTotal
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$(7,589)$(46,116)$(429,712)$(483,417)Balance, beginning of period$(44,401)$(2,005)$(194,513)$(240,919)
Other comprehensive loss, before reclassificationsOther comprehensive loss, before reclassifications(17,074)(50,737)— (67,811)Other comprehensive loss, before reclassifications(3,804)(7,230)— (11,034)
Income tax (expense) benefitIncome tax (expense) benefit(264)11,092 — 10,828 Income tax (expense) benefit(317)1,493 — 1,176 
(17,338)(39,645)— (56,983)(4,121)(5,737)— (9,858)
Reclassifications:Reclassifications:Reclassifications:
Net loss on derivative financial instrumentsNet loss on derivative financial instruments— 73,586 — 73,586 Net loss on derivative financial instruments— 20,046 — 20,046 
Prior service credits(a)
Prior service credits(a)
— — (893)(893)
Prior service credits(a)
— — (909)(909)
Actuarial losses(a)
Actuarial losses(a)
— — 18,650 18,650 
Actuarial losses(a)
— — 8,100 8,100 
Reclassifications before taxReclassifications before tax— 73,586 17,757 91,343 Reclassifications before tax— 20,046 7,191 27,237 
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense— (16,411)(4,169)(20,580)Income tax expense— (4,381)(1,689)(6,070)
— 57,175 13,588 70,763 — 15,665 5,502 21,167 
Other comprehensive (loss) incomeOther comprehensive (loss) income(17,338)17,530 13,588 13,780 Other comprehensive (loss) income(4,121)9,928 5,502 11,309 
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$(24,927)$(28,586)$(416,124)$(469,637)Balance, end of period$(48,522)$7,923 $(189,011)$(229,610)
(a)    Amounts Amounts reclassified are included in the computation of net periodic benefit (income) cost, discussed further in Note 1513.
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16. Reportable Segments
Harley-Davidson, Inc. is the parent company for the groups of companies referred to as Harley-Davidson Motor Company and Harley-Davidson Financial Services. The Company operates in 2three business segments: MotorcyclesHDMC, LiveWire and Related Products (Motorcycles) and Financial Services.HDFS. The Company's reportable segments are strategic business units that offer different products and services and are managed separately based on the fundamental differences in their operations.
The Motorcycles segment consists of the activities of Harley-Davidson Motor Company which designs, manufactures and sells motorcycles. The Motorcycles segment also sells motorcycle parts, accessories, and apparel as well as licenseschanged its trademarks. The Company's products are sold to retail customers primarily through a network of dealers.
The Financial Services segment consists of Harley-Davidson Financial Services which is engagedsegments in the business of financing and servicing wholesale inventory receivables and retail consumer loans, primarily forperiod ended December 31, 2022. The change has been retrospectively reflected in the purchase of Harley-Davidson motorcycles. Harley-Davidson Financial Services also works with certain unaffiliated insurance companies to provide motorcycle insurance and protection products to motorcycle owners.
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periods presented below.
Selected segment information is set forth below (in thousands):
Three months ended Three months ended
March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
March 31,
2023
March 27,
2022
Motorcycles and Related Products:
Motorcycles revenue$1,303,171 $1,232,107 
HDMC:HDMC:
RevenueRevenue$1,557,829 $1,292,770 
Gross profitGross profit407,635 420,485 Gross profit557,026 407,582 
Selling, administrative and engineering expenseSelling, administrative and engineering expense204,888 193,546 Selling, administrative and engineering expense221,290 188,776 
Restructuring benefitRestructuring benefit(128)(593)Restructuring benefit— (128)
Operating incomeOperating income202,875 227,532 Operating income335,736 218,934 
Financial Services:
Financial Services revenue192,015 190,400 
Financial Services expense105,658 71,531 
Restructuring expense— 227 
LiveWire:LiveWire:
RevenueRevenue7,762 10,401 
Gross profitGross profit1,264 53 
Selling, administrative and engineering expenseSelling, administrative and engineering expense25,811 16,112 
Operating lossOperating loss(24,547)(16,059)
HDFS:HDFS:
Financial services revenueFinancial services revenue223,095 192,015 
Financial services expenseFinancial services expense164,675 105,658 
Operating incomeOperating income86,357 118,642 Operating income58,420 86,357 
Operating incomeOperating income$289,232 $346,174 Operating income$369,609 $289,232 
Total assets for the MotorcyclesHDMC, LiveWire and Financial ServicesHDFS segments were $3.0$3.1 billion, $325.8 million and $8.6 billion, respectively, as of March 31, 2023, $3.3 billion, $351.4 million and $7.9 billion, respectively, as of December 31, 2022, and $2.9 billion, $75.7 million and $7.9 billion, respectively, as of March 27, 2022, $3.3 billion and $7.7 billion, respectively, as of December 31, 2021, and $2.4 billion and $8.9 billion, respectively, as of March 28, 2021.2022.
19.17. Supplemental Consolidating Data
The supplemental consolidating data includes separate legal entity data for Harley-Davidson Motor Company, Harley-Davidson Financial Services, Inc. and related consolidating adjustments areits subsidiaries (Financial Services Entities) and all other Harley-Davidson, Inc. entities (Non-Financial Services Entities). This information is presented for informational purposes.to highlight the separate financial statement impacts of the Company's Financial Services Entities and its Non-Financial Services Entities. The legal entity income statement information presented below differs from reportable segment income statement information due to the allocation of legal entity consolidating adjustments to income for reportable segments. Supplemental consolidating data is as follows (in thousands):
 Three months ended March 27, 2022
Harley-Davidson Motor CompanyHarley-Davidson Financial ServicesConsolidating AdjustmentsConsolidated
Revenue:
Motorcycles and Related Products$1,306,293 $— $(3,122)$1,303,171 
Financial Services— 192,390 (375)192,015 
1,306,293 192,390 (3,497)1,495,186 
Costs and expenses:
Motorcycles and Related Products cost of goods sold895,536 — — 895,536 
Financial Services interest expense— 42,099 — 42,099 
Financial Services provision for credit losses— 28,822 — 28,822 
Selling, administrative and engineering expense205,417 37,858 (3,650)239,625 
Restructuring benefit(128)— — (128)
1,100,825 108,779 (3,650)1,205,954 
Operating income205,468 83,611 153 289,232 
Other income, net11,030 — — 11,030 
Investment loss(1,979)— — (1,979)
Interest expense7,711 — — 7,711 
Income before income taxes206,808 83,611 153 290,572 
Provision for income taxes47,847 20,223 — 68,070 
Net income$158,961 $63,388 $153 $222,502 
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 Three months ended March 31, 2023
Non-Financial Services EntitiesFinancial Services EntitiesConsolidating AdjustmentsConsolidated
Revenue:
Motorcycles and related products$1,567,709 $— $(2,118)$1,565,591 
Financial services— 223,523 (428)223,095 
1,567,709 223,523 (2,546)1,788,686 
Costs and expenses:
Motorcycles and related products cost of goods sold1,007,301 — — 1,007,301 
Financial services interest expense— 73,549 — 73,549 
Financial services provision for credit losses— 52,364 — 52,364 
Selling, administrative and engineering expense247,695 40,880 (2,712)285,863 
1,254,996 166,793 (2,712)1,419,077 
Operating income312,713 56,730 166 369,609 
Other income, net20,096 — — 20,096 
Investment income10,025 — — 10,025 
Interest expense7,720 — — 7,720 
Income before income taxes335,114 56,730 166 392,010 
Provision for income taxes78,729 11,452 — 90,181 
Net income256,385 45,278 166 301,829 
Less: (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests2,261 — — 2,261 
Net income attributable to Harley-Davidson, Inc.$258,646 $45,278 $166 $304,090 
Three months ended March 27, 2022
Non-Financial Services EntitiesFinancial Services EntitiesConsolidating AdjustmentsConsolidated
Revenue:
Motorcycles and related products$1,306,293 $— $(3,122)$1,303,171 
Financial services— 192,390 (375)192,015 
1,306,293 192,390 (3,497)1,495,186 
Costs and expenses:
Motorcycles and related products cost of goods sold895,536 — — 895,536 
Financial services interest expense— 42,099 — 42,099 
Financial services provision for credit losses— 28,822 — 28,822 
Selling, administrative and engineering expense205,417 37,858 (3,650)239,625 
Restructuring benefit(128)— — (128)
1,100,825 108,779 (3,650)1,205,954 
Operating income205,468 83,611 153 289,232 
Other income, net11,030 — — 11,030 
Investment loss(1,979)— — (1,979)
Interest expense7,711 — — 7,711 
Income before income taxes206,808 83,611 153 290,572 
Provision for income taxes47,847 20,223 — 68,070 
Net income158,961 63,388 153 222,502 
Less: (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests— — — — 
Net income attributable to Harley-Davidson, Inc.$158,961 $63,388 $153 $222,502 

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Three months ended March 28, 2021
Harley-Davidson Motor CompanyHarley-Davidson Financial ServicesConsolidating AdjustmentsConsolidated
Revenue:
Motorcycles and Related Products$1,238,468 $— $(6,361)$1,232,107 
Financial Services— 188,750 1,650 190,400 
1,238,468 188,750 (4,711)1,422,507 
Costs and expenses:
Motorcycles and Related Products cost of goods sold811,622 — — 811,622 
Financial Services interest expense— 55,707 — 55,707 
Financial Services provision for credit losses— (22,474)— (22,474)
Selling, administrative and engineering expense196,359 40,275 (4,790)231,844 
Restructuring (benefit) expense(593)227 — (366)
1,007,388 73,735 (4,790)1,076,333 
Operating income231,080 115,015 79 346,174 
Other income, net277 — — 277 
Investment income1,402 — — 1,402 
Interest expense7,708 — — 7,708 
Income before income taxes225,051 115,015 79 340,145 
Provision for income taxes55,996 25,005 — 81,001 
Net income$169,055 $90,010 $79 $259,144 
 March 31, 2023
 Non-Financial Services EntitiesFinancial Services EntitiesConsolidating AdjustmentsConsolidated
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$876,248 $684,952 $— $1,561,200 
Accounts receivable, net798,728 — (465,195)333,533 
Finance receivables, net— 2,245,628 — 2,245,628 
Inventories, net830,521 — — 830,521 
Restricted cash— 164,965 — 164,965 
Other current assets110,559 50,727 (6,626)154,660 
2,616,056 3,146,272 (471,821)5,290,507 
Finance receivables, net— 5,328,095 — 5,328,095 
Property, plant and equipment, net667,474 22,577 — 690,051 
Pension and postretirement assets336,569 — — 336,569 
Goodwill62,426 — — 62,426 
Deferred income taxes58,175 83,725 (692)141,208 
Lease assets37,868 5,672 — 43,540 
Other long-term assets217,124 28,650 (108,585)137,189 
$3,995,692 $8,614,991 $(581,098)$12,029,585 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$375,395 $494,214 $(465,195)$404,414 
Accrued liabilities488,814 142,192 (5,710)625,296 
Short-term deposits, net— 144,854 — 144,854 
Short-term debt— 501,243 — 501,243 
Current portion of long-term debt, net— 1,408,777 — 1,408,777 
864,209 2,691,280 (470,905)3,084,584 
Long-term deposits, net— 224,457 — 224,457 
Long-term debt, net745,545 4,529,624 — 5,275,169 
Lease liabilities21,160 5,514 — 26,674 
Pension and postretirement liabilities66,968 — — 66,968 
Deferred income taxes28,180 2,852 — 31,032 
Other long-term liabilities155,487 67,626 1,739 224,852 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Shareholders’ equity2,114,143 1,093,638 (111,932)3,095,849 
$3,995,692 $8,614,991 $(581,098)$12,029,585 

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 March 27, 2022
 Harley-Davidson Motor CompanyHarley-Davidson Financial ServicesConsolidating AdjustmentsConsolidated
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$678,616 $715,115 $— $1,393,731 
Accounts receivable, net601,148 — (346,862)254,286 
Finance receivables, net— 1,699,642 — 1,699,642 
Inventories, net714,259 — — 714,259 
Restricted cash— 142,812 — 142,812 
Other current assets149,955 61,455 (28,883)182,527 
2,143,978 2,619,024 (375,745)4,387,257 
Finance receivables, net— 5,121,911 — 5,121,911 
Property, plant and equipment, net636,216 27,591 — 663,807 
Pension and postretirement assets399,029 — — 399,029 
Goodwill62,607 — — 62,607 
Deferred income taxes— 75,185 (3,259)71,926 
Lease assets38,126 6,947 — 45,073 
Other long-term assets210,157 37,595 (104,722)143,030 
$3,490,113 $7,888,253 $(483,726)$10,894,640 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$434,731 $389,048 $(346,862)$476,917 
Accrued liabilities495,921 129,581 (27,578)597,924 
Short-term deposits, net— 65,049 — 65,049 
Short-term debt— 816,016 — 816,016 
Current portion of long-term debt, net— 1,327,357 — 1,327,357 
930,652 2,727,051 (374,440)3,283,263 
Long-term deposits, net— 283,034 — 283,034 
Long-term debt, net744,842 3,725,244 — 4,470,086 
Lease liabilities20,544 7,089 — 27,633 
Pension and postretirement liabilities93,792 — — 93,792 
Deferred income taxes10,478 1,848 (2,748)9,578 
Other long-term liabilities165,990 50,190 1,973 218,153 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)0000
Shareholders’ equity1,523,815 1,093,797 (108,511)2,509,101 
$3,490,113 $7,888,253 $(483,726)$10,894,640 

 March 27, 2022
 Non-Financial Services EntitiesFinancial Services EntitiesConsolidating AdjustmentsConsolidated
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$678,616 $715,115 $— $1,393,731 
Accounts receivable, net601,148 — (346,862)254,286 
Finance receivables, net— 1,699,642 — 1,699,642 
Inventories, net714,259 — — 714,259 
Restricted cash— 142,812 — 142,812 
Other current assets149,955 61,455 (28,883)182,527 
2,143,978 2,619,024 (375,745)4,387,257 
Finance receivables, net— 5,121,911 — 5,121,911 
Property, plant and equipment, net636,216 27,591 — 663,807 
Pension and postretirement assets399,029 — — 399,029 
Goodwill62,607 — — 62,607 
Deferred income taxes— 75,185 (3,259)71,926 
Lease assets38,126 6,947 — 45,073 
Other long-term assets210,157 37,595 (104,722)143,030 
$3,490,113 $7,888,253 $(483,726)$10,894,640 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$434,731 $389,048 $(346,862)$476,917 
Accrued liabilities495,921 129,581 (27,578)597,924 
Short-term deposits, net— 65,049 — 65,049 
Short-term debt— 816,016 — 816,016 
Current portion of long-term debt, net— 1,327,357 — 1,327,357 
930,652 2,727,051 (374,440)3,283,263 
Long-term deposits, net— 283,034 — 283,034 
Long-term debt, net744,842 3,725,244 — 4,470,086 
Lease liabilities20,544 7,089 — 27,633 
Pension and postretirement liabilities93,792 — — 93,792 
Deferred income taxes10,478 1,848 (2,748)9,578 
Other long-term liabilities165,990 50,190 1,973 218,153 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Shareholders’ equity1,523,815 1,093,797 (108,511)2,509,101 
$3,490,113 $7,888,253 $(483,726)$10,894,640 
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 March 28, 2021
 Harley-Davidson Motor CompanyHarley-Davidson Financial ServicesConsolidating AdjustmentsConsolidated
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$607,941 $1,712,704 $— $2,320,645 
Accounts receivable, net603,273 — (386,704)216,569 
Finance receivables, net— 1,798,194 — 1,798,194 
Inventories, net470,997 — — 470,997 
Restricted cash— 185,374 — 185,374 
Other current assets81,559 113,797 — 195,356 
1,763,770 3,810,069 (386,704)5,187,135 
Finance receivables, net— 4,958,583 — 4,958,583 
Property, plant and equipment, net687,086 31,882 — 718,968 
Pension and postretirement assets105,910 — — 105,910 
Goodwill65,157 — — 65,157 
Deferred income taxes56,911 79,206 (730)135,387 
Lease assets36,559 8,206 — 44,765 
Other long-term assets184,876 33,929 (95,722)123,083 
$2,900,269 $8,921,875 $(483,156)$11,338,988 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$355,722 $433,746 $(386,704)$402,764 
Accrued liabilities443,529 125,768 1,143 570,440 
Short-term deposits, net— 93,887 — 93,887 
Short-term debt— 765,263 — 765,263 
Current portion of long-term debt, net— 1,622,243 — 1,622,243 
799,251 3,040,907 (385,561)3,454,597 
Long-term deposits, net— 58,766 — 58,766 
Long-term debt, net744,149 4,733,942 — 5,478,091 
Lease liabilities22,461 7,600 — 30,061 
Pension and postretirement liabilities103,854 — — 103,854 
Deferred income taxes7,166 1,516 — 8,682 
Other long-term liabilities179,525 46,920 2,106 228,551 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)0000
Shareholders’ equity1,043,863 1,032,224 (99,701)1,976,386 
$2,900,269 $8,921,875 $(483,156)$11,338,988 
 Three months ended March 31, 2023
Non-Financial Services EntitiesFinancial Services EntitiesConsolidating AdjustmentsConsolidated
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$256,385 $45,278 $166 $301,829 
Adjustments to reconcile Net income to Net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization32,120 2,232 — 34,352 
Amortization of deferred loan origination costs— 21,858 — 21,858 
Amortization of financing origination fees177 2,834 — 3,011 
Provision for long-term employee benefits(16,939)— — (16,939)
Employee benefit plan contributions and payments(1,739)— — (1,739)
Stock compensation expense22,494 1,134 — 23,628 
Net change in wholesale finance receivables related to sales— — (487,314)(487,314)
Provision for credit losses— 52,364 — 52,364 
Deferred income taxes4,261 1,717 (330)5,648 
Other, net(18,087)(3,418)(166)(21,671)
Changes in current assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net(426,221)— 348,228 (77,993)
Finance receivables accrued interest and other
— 2,252 — 2,252 
Inventories, net123,047 — — 123,047 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities14,610 379,094 (349,917)43,787 
Other current assets25,342 13,131 2,084 40,557 
(240,935)473,198 (487,415)(255,152)
Net cash provided by operating activities15,450 518,476 (487,249)46,677 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures(44,894)(220)— (45,114)
Origination of finance receivables— (2,100,019)1,182,874 (917,145)
Collections on finance receivables— 1,586,477 (695,625)890,852 
Other investing activities821 — — 821 
Net cash used by investing activities(44,073)(513,762)487,249 (70,586)
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 Three months ended March 27, 2022
Harley-Davidson Motor CompanyHarley-Davidson Financial ServicesConsolidating AdjustmentsConsolidated
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$158,961 $63,388 $153 $222,502 
Adjustments to reconcile Net income to Net cash (used) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization37,106 2,152 — 39,258 
Amortization of deferred loan origination costs— 22,995 — 22,995 
Amortization of financing origination fees174 3,527 — 3,701 
Provision for long-term employee benefits(5,050)— — (5,050)
Employee benefit plan contributions and payments(2,143)— — (2,143)
Stock compensation expense8,233 670 — 8,903 
Net change in wholesale finance receivables related to sales— — (205,727)(205,727)
Provision for credit losses— 28,822 — 28,822 
Deferred income taxes6,176 665 (534)6,307 
Other, net(5,322)67 (153)(5,408)
Changes in current assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net(319,329)— 244,336 (74,993)
Finance receivables accrued interest and other
— 3,115 — 3,115 
Inventories, net(2,630)— — (2,630)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities86,546 289,876 (269,453)106,969 
Other current assets(47,418)14,467 25,651 (7,300)
(243,657)366,356 (205,880)(83,181)
Net cash (used) provided by operating activities(84,696)429,744 (205,727)139,321 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures(27,149)(850)— (27,999)
Origination of finance receivables— (2,023,861)965,400 (1,058,461)
Collections on finance receivables— 1,724,863 (759,673)965,190 
Other investing activities135 — — 135 
Net cash used by investing activities(27,014)(299,848)205,727 (121,135)
 Three months ended March 31, 2023
Non-Financial Services EntitiesFinancial Services EntitiesConsolidating AdjustmentsConsolidated
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of medium-term notes— 693,276 — 693,276 
Repayments of medium-term notes— (350,000)— (350,000)
Proceeds from securitization debt— 547,706 — 547,706 
Repayments of securitization debt— (310,640)— (310,640)
Repayments of asset-backed commercial paper— (62,634)— (62,634)
Net decrease in unsecured commercial paper— (270,119)— (270,119)
Net increase in deposits— 51,822 — 51,822 
Dividends paid(24,123)— — (24,123)
Repurchase of common stock(96,767)— — (96,767)
Other financing activities69 — — 69 
Net cash (used) provided by financing activities(120,821)299,411 — 178,590 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash3,894 (74)— 3,820 
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$(145,550)$304,051 $— $158,501 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period$1,021,798 $557,379 $— $1,579,177 
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(145,550)304,051 — 158,501 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$876,248 $861,430 $— $1,737,678 
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 Three months ended March 27, 2022
Harley-Davidson Motor CompanyHarley-Davidson Financial ServicesConsolidating AdjustmentsConsolidated
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of medium-term notes— 495,785 — 495,785 
Repayments of medium-term notes— (550,000)— (550,000)
Repayments of securitization debt— (271,499)— (271,499)
Borrowings of asset-backed commercial paper— 62,455 — 62,455 
Repayments of asset-backed commercial paper— (56,634)— (56,634)
Net increase in unsecured commercial paper— 64,521 — 64,521 
Net increase in deposits— 57,660 — 57,660 
Dividends paid(24,056)— — (24,056)
Repurchase of common stock(261,737)— — (261,737)
Net cash used by financing activities(285,793)(197,712)— (483,505)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(2,086)343 — (1,743)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$(399,589)$(67,473)$— $(467,062)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period$1,078,205 $947,014 $— $2,025,219 
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(399,589)(67,473)— (467,062)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$678,616 $879,541 $— $1,558,157 
 Three months ended March 27, 2022
Non-Financial Services EntitiesFinancial Services EntitiesConsolidating AdjustmentsConsolidated
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$158,961 $63,388 $153 $222,502 
Adjustments to reconcile Net income to Net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization37,106 2,152 — 39,258 
Amortization of deferred loan origination costs— 22,995 — 22,995 
Amortization of financing origination fees174 3,527 — 3,701 
Provision for long-term employee benefits(5,050)— — (5,050)
Employee benefit plan contributions and payments(2,143)— — (2,143)
Stock compensation expense8,233 670 — 8,903 
Net change in wholesale finance receivables related to sales— — (205,727)(205,727)
Provision for credit losses— 28,822 — 28,822 
Deferred income taxes6,176 665 (534)6,307 
Other, net(5,322)67 (153)(5,408)
Changes in current assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net(319,329)— 244,336 (74,993)
Finance receivables accrued interest and other
— 3,115 — 3,115 
Inventories, net(2,630)— — (2,630)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities86,546 289,876 (269,453)106,969 
Other current assets(47,418)14,467 25,651 (7,300)
(243,657)366,356 (205,880)(83,181)
Net cash (used) provided by operating activities(84,696)429,744 (205,727)139,321 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures(27,149)(850)— (27,999)
Origination of finance receivables— (2,023,861)965,400 (1,058,461)
Collections on finance receivables— 1,724,863 (759,673)965,190 
Other investing activities135 — — 135 
Net cash used by investing activities(27,014)(299,848)205,727 (121,135)
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 Three months ended March 28, 2021
Harley-Davidson Motor CompanyHarley-Davidson Financial ServicesConsolidating AdjustmentsConsolidated
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$169,055 $90,010 $79 $259,144 
Adjustments to reconcile Net income to Net cash (used) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization37,778 2,443 — 40,221 
Amortization of deferred loan origination costs— 19,200 — 19,200 
Amortization of financing origination fees172 3,442 — 3,614 
Provision for long-term employee benefits7,090 — — 7,090 
Employee benefit plan contributions and payments(9,885)— — (9,885)
Stock compensation expense8,174 794 — 8,968 
Net change in wholesale finance receivables related to sales— — (308,532)(308,532)
Provision for credit losses— (22,474)— (22,474)
Deferred income taxes3,811 9,812 (431)13,192 
Other, net(2,743)685 (80)(2,138)
Changes in current assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net(388,688)— 309,676 (79,012)
Finance receivables accrued interest and other
— 8,947 — 8,947 
Inventories, net45,086 — — 45,086 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities104,486 354,507 (305,396)153,597 
Other current assets18,222 11,271 (3,730)25,763 
(176,497)388,627 (308,493)(96,363)
Net cash (used) provided by operating activities(7,442)478,637 (308,414)162,781 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures(18,427)(386)— (18,813)
Origination of finance receivables— (1,923,911)1,014,773 (909,138)
Collections on finance receivables— 1,606,844 (706,359)900,485 
Other investing activities733 — — 733 
Net cash used by investing activities(17,694)(317,453)308,414 (26,733)
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Three months ended March 28, 2021 Three months ended March 27, 2022
Harley-Davidson Motor CompanyHarley-Davidson Financial ServicesConsolidating AdjustmentsConsolidatedNon-Financial Services EntitiesFinancial Services EntitiesConsolidating AdjustmentsConsolidated
Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of medium-term notesProceeds from issuance of medium-term notes— 495,785 — 495,785 
Repayments of medium-term notesRepayments of medium-term notes— (550,000)— (550,000)
Repayments of medium-term notes— (1,050,000)— (1,050,000)
Proceeds from securitization debt— 597,411 — 597,411 
Repayments of securitization debtRepayments of securitization debt— (291,346)— (291,346)Repayments of securitization debt— (271,499)— (271,499)
Borrowings of asset-backed commercial paperBorrowings of asset-backed commercial paper— Borrowings of asset-backed commercial paper— 62,455 — 62,455 
Repayments of asset-backed commercial paperRepayments of asset-backed commercial paper— (66,894)— (66,894)Repayments of asset-backed commercial paper— (56,634)— (56,634)
Net decrease in unsecured commercial paperNet decrease in unsecured commercial paper— (262,517)— (262,517)Net decrease in unsecured commercial paper— 64,521 — 64,521 
Net increase in credit facilities— 15,629 — 15,629 
Net increase in depositsNet increase in deposits072,664 072,664 Net increase in deposits— 57,660 — 57,660 
Dividends paidDividends paid(23,105)— — (23,105)Dividends paid(24,056)— — (24,056)
Repurchase of common stockRepurchase of common stock(5,646)— — (5,646)Repurchase of common stock(261,737)— — (261,737)
Other financing activities1,085 — — 1,085 
Net cash used by financing activitiesNet cash used by financing activities(27,666)(985,053)— (1,012,719)Net cash used by financing activities(285,793)(197,712)— (483,505)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashEffect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(5,418)255 — (5,163)Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(2,086)343 — (1,743)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashNet decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$(58,220)$(823,614)$— $(881,834)Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$(399,589)$(67,473)$— $(467,062)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of periodCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period$666,161 $2,743,007 $— $3,409,168 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period$1,078,205 $947,014 $— $2,025,219 
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashNet decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(58,220)(823,614)— (881,834)Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(399,589)(67,473)— (467,062)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of periodCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$607,941 $1,919,393 $— $2,527,334 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$678,616 $879,541 $— $1,558,157 
20.18. Subsequent Event
In April 2022,2023, the Company issued $550.0€700.0 million of securedmedium-term notes throughthat mature in April 2026 and have an on-balance sheet asset-backed securitization transaction at a weighted averageannual interest rate of 2.40%6.36%.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Harley-Davidson, Inc. is the parent company of the groups of companies referred to as Harley-Davidson Motor Company and Harley-Davidson Financial Services. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to the “Company” include Harley-Davidson, Inc. and all its subsidiaries. The CompanyHarley-Davidson, Inc. operates in twothree segments: MotorcyclesHarley-Davidson Motor Company (HDMC), LiveWire and Related Products (Motorcycles) andHarley-Davidson Financial Services.Services (HDFS).
The “% Change” figures included in the Results of Operations sections were calculated using unrounded dollar amounts and may differ from calculations using the rounded dollar amounts presented. Certain “% Change” deemed not meaningful (NM) have been excluded.
(1) Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
The Company intends that certain matters discussed in this report are “forward-looking statements” intended to qualify for the safe harbor from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified as such by reference to this footnote or because the context of the statement will include words such as the Company “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “estimates,” “targets,” “intends,” "forecasts," “is on-track,” “forecasting,”"sees," "feels," or words of similar meaning. Similarly, statements that describe or refer to future expectations, future plans, strategies, objectives, outlooks, targets, guidance, commitments or goals are also forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially, unfavorably or favorably, from those anticipated as of the date of this report. Certain of such risks and uncertainties are described in close proximity to such statements or elsewhere in this report, including under the caption "Cautionary Statements" in this Item 2, as well as inItem 1A. Risk Factors, as well as in Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.2022. Shareholders, potential investors, and other readers are urged to consider these factors in evaluating the forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included in the "Key Factors Impacting the Company" and the “Guidance” sections in this Item 2 are only made as of April 27, 20222023 and the remaining forward-looking statements in this report are made as of the date of the filing of this report (May 5, 2022)10, 2023), and the Company disclaims any obligation to publicly update such forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.
Overview(1)
The Company's netNet income attributable to Harley-Davidson, Inc. was $304.1 million, or $2.04 per diluted share, in the first quarter of 2023 compared to $222.5 million, or $1.45 per diluted share, in the first quarter of 2022, compared to $259.1 million, or $1.68 per diluted share, in the first quarter of 2021. 2022.
In the first quarter of 2022, Motorcycles2023, HDMC segment operating income was $202.9$335.7 million, down $24.7up $116.8 million from the first quarter of 2021.2022. The decreaseincrease in operating income from the MotorcyclesHDMC segment for the first quarter of 20222023 was driven primarily by higher supply chain costsmotorcycle shipments, price increases and a less favorable motorcycle product mix partially offset by the favorable impact of model year price increases,unfavorable foreign currency exchange rates and increased operating expenses compared to the same quarter last year. Operating loss from the LiveWire segment in the first quarter of 2023 was $24.5 million compared to an operating loss of $16.1 million in the prior year quarter due primarily to lower electric motorcycle and electric balance bike shipments and increased operating expenses. Operating income from the Financial ServicesHDFS segment in the first quarter of 20222023 was $86.4$58.4 million, down $32.3$27.9 million compared to the prior year quarter due primarily to higher interest expense and an increase in the provision for credit losses, partially offset by lower interest expense.losses.
Retail sales of new Harley-Davidson motorcycles in the first quarter of 20222023 were up 2.1%down 12.4% compared to the first quarter of 2021. The increase2022, including a decline of 17.3% and 3.3% in retail sales was driven by higher retail sales inU.S. and international markets, partially offset by lower retail sales in the U.S. Retail sales in the first quarter of 2022 decreased 5.1% in the U.S. comparedrespectively. Refer to the prior year quarter and were adversely impacted by production shortfalls associated with ongoing supply chain challenges. Refer to theHarley-Davidson Motorcycles Retail Sales and Registration Data section for further discussion of retail sales results.
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Key Factors Impacting the Company(1)
Supply Chain Challenges During the first quarter of 2022,Starting in 2020, the Company continuedbegan to experience disruption and increasedincreasing costs related to global supply chain challenges. As a result of these challenges, the Company experienced higher costs as well as supply constraints related to certain components including those impacted by the continued global semiconductor chip shortages. In the first quarter of 2022, the Company's production was lower than what the Company had planned due to the lack of availability of certain components. The Company expects that year-over-year inflation rates for logistics and manufacturing costs, excluding raw materials and components, will improve inDuring the second half of 2022, fromthese cost increases began to moderate primarily through the peak levelsnormalization of logistics inflation experienced in 2021 and that the supply of semiconductor chips will stabilize into a lesser extent raw materials inflation which slowed as metal markets improved. In addition, during the second half of 2022. However, given the macro global factors influencing raw materials,2022, the Company now believes that raw materials and component cost inflation will continue for the remainder of 2022 at rates similarbegan to those experienced by the Company inreduce its reliance on expedited shipping. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company continued to experience a moderate level of cost inflation, primarily related to labor and warehousing costs, partially offset by deflation related to freight and raw materials. The Company also continued to reduce its use of expedited modes of freight during the first quarter of 2023. The Company continues to expect overall supply-chain cost inflation to moderate for the 2023 full year, as compared to 2022.
Supply Matter – During the second quarter of 2022, the Company received information from a third-party sub-supplier concerning a potential regulatory compliance matter relating to the sub-supplier’s brake hose assemblies. As a result, out of an abundance of caution, the Company suspended all vehicle assembly and shipments (excluding LiveWire models, which did not utilize the brake hose assemblies at issue) for approximately two weeks during the second quarter of 2022. Since then, the Company has been working through the regulatory compliance matter with the sub-supplier, the Company’s relevant Tier-1 suppliers, and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), which is the agency responsible for brake hose assembly compliance in the United States.

In connection with this matter, in July 2022, the sub-supplier notified NHTSA of a population of brake hose assemblies that were non-compliant with select NHTSA laboratory test standards. Based on that filing, in August 2022, the Company notified NHTSA of the corresponding population of Harley-Davidson motorcycles containing those brake hose assemblies. In October 2022, the sub-supplier amended its original notification, expanding its population of non-compliant brake hose assemblies to include units produced by the sub-supplier for use in Harley-Davidson motorcycles beginning as early as model year 2008. In December 2022, the Company amended its August notification, expanding the population to also include Harley-Davidson motorcycles that contained the sub-supplier’s newly identified brake hose assemblies. On March 30, 2023, the sub-supplier again amended its notification to NHTSA, identifying additional compliance issues with its brake hose assemblies. The Company is currently evaluating the sub-supplier’s latest amended notification and plans to again amend its notification to NHTSA to align with the sub-supplier’s amended notification.

As permitted by federal law, both the sub-supplier and the Company have leveraged NHTSA’s standard process to petition the agency for a determination that these compliance issues are inconsequential to motor vehicle safety (an “Inconsequentiality Determination”). If NHTSA makes the Inconsequentiality Determination requested, the Company will be exempt from conducting a field action or a recall of its motorcycles related to this matter.

In its inconsequentiality petition, the Company has presented (and plans to further present) NHTSA with: (1) extensive independent, third-party and internal testing demonstrating that the brake hose assemblies at issue are robust to extreme conditions - which far exceed maximum expected motorcycle lifetime demands - with no impact to brake performance; and (2) real-world field safety data showing no documented crashes or injuries attributable to the identified compliance issues. The Company believes its petition is closely comparable to inconsequentiality petitions which have resulted in successful Inconsequentiality Determinations in the past. The Company is also confident that its position that the compliance issues are inconsequential to motor vehicle safety is strong and, therefore, no field action or recall will be necessary.

Based on its expectation that NHTSA will make an Inconsequentiality Determination, the Company does not expect that this matter will result in material costs in the future and no such costs have been accrued to date. However, it is possible that a field action or recall could be required that could cause the Company to incur material costs. There are several variables and uncertainties associated with any potential field action or recall that are not yet known including, but not limited to, the population of brake hose assemblies and motorcycles, the specific field action or recall required, the complexity of the required repair, and the number of motorcycle owners that would participate. Based on the Company’s information and assumptions, it estimates the cost of a potential field action or recall, if it were to occur, could range from approximately $200 million to $400 million. While the Company anticipates this estimated range to change based on information most recently provided by the sub-supplier, the Company cannot make a reasonable updated estimate at this time. The Company maintains its expectation that NHTSA will make an Inconsequentiality Determination and that this matter will not result in any material field action or recall costs. If material field action or recall costs were to result, the Company would seek full recovery of those amounts.

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Interest Rates - Interest rates increased significantly during 2022 and continued to increase in 2023 as central banks attempted to reduce inflation. Rising interest rates may adversely impact HDFS's interest income margin to the extent HDFS is unable to offset a higher cost of funds with increased interest rates on products it offers to its customers. Additionally, higher interest rates may make the Company’s motorcycles less affordable, adversely impact product mix or impact customers’ ability to obtain financing to purchase the Company’s motorcycles.
Suspension of Additional European Union Tariffs – In April 2021, the Company received notification from the Economic Ministry of Belgium that, following a request from the European Union (EU), the Company would be subject to revocation of the Binding Origin Information (BOI) rulingsdecisions that allowed it to supply its EU markets with certain motorcycles produced at its Thailand manufacturing facility at tariff rates of 6%. As a result of the revocation, all non-electric motorcycles that Harley-Davidson imported into the EU, regardless of origin, were subject to a total tariff rate of 31% from April 19, 2021 through the end of 2021. On October 30, 2021, the U.S. and EU announced an agreement related to the Section 232 tariffs on steel and aluminum that were implemented in 2018 by the U.S. and the subsequent rebalancing tariff measures taken by the EU. This agreement suspended the additional tariffs initially imposed by the EU on the Company's motorcycles, reducing the total EU tariff rate on the Company’s motorcycles from 31% to 6%, effective January 1, 2022. The lower 6% tariff rate applies to all motorcycles imported by the Company into the EU, regardless of origin. Under the agreement between the U.S. and the EU, the lower tariff rate will remain in effect until December 31, 2023. During such time, theThe U.S. and EU will monitor and review the operation of the agreement, seeking to conclude the negotiations on steel and aluminum tariffs by December 31, 2023. These negotiations are ongoing, and there are no assurances the U.S. and EU will reach a resolution that concludes the trade conflict on steel and aluminum tariffs beyond December 31, 2023.
To date, the Company continues to pursue its appeals of the revocation of the BOIsBOI decisions and the denial of its application for temporary extended reliance on the 6% tariff rate (for motorcycles produced in Thailand and ordered prior to April 19, 2021), although there is no assurance that these appeals will continue or be successful.
COVID-19 Pandemic – The Company continues to manage throughmonitor the impactsimpact of the COVID-19 pandemic and government actions and measures taken to prevent its associated variants by keeping safety and community well-being a priority. The Company continues to proactively follow protocols to keep workers safe in its manufacturing facilities.spread. The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on future results depends on future developments, such as the ultimate duration and scope of the pandemic including associated variants, the success of vaccination programs, the consequences of vaccine requirements, and its impact on the Company's employees, customers, dealers, distributors, and suppliers. Future impacts and disruptions could have an adverse effect on production, supply chains, distribution, and demand for the Company's products.
LiveWire Transaction – On December 13, 2021, the Company and AEA-Bridges Impact Corp. (ABIC), a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC), announced that they have entered into a definitive business combination agreement under which LiveWire, the Company's electric motorcycle division, will become a separate business of the Company and ABIC will combine with LiveWire to create a new publicly traded company. The parties expect that the transaction will be financed by ABIC’s $400 million cash held in trust (assuming no redemptions by ABIC’s shareholders in the context of the transaction), a $100 million cash investment from the Company, and a $100 million investment from an independent strategic investor, Kwang Yang Motor Co., Ltd. (KYMCO). In addition, to the extent any shares of the SPAC are redeemed, the Company will invest an additional amount equal to the dollar value of such redemptions up to a maximum of $100 million.
The transaction, which has been approved by the boards of directors of both the Company and ABIC, is expected to close mid-2022. The consummation of the business combination is subject to the approval of ABIC’s shareholders as well as other conditions and regulatory approvals. Upon closing of the transaction, the Company will retain a controlling financial interest in LiveWire. The expectation is that, upon closing of the transaction, the Company will retain an equity interest in the separate public company of approximately 74%. As the controlling shareholder following the transaction, the Company will continue to consolidate LiveWire’s results, with additional adjustments to recognize non-controlling shareholder interests.
Guidance(1)
On April 27, 2022,2023, the Company providedshared the following guidance for 2022, which reflects its current outlook for the supply chain challenges discussed above.2023:
The Company continues to expect Motorcycles segmentexpects HDMC revenue growth of between 4% and 7% in 2023 compared to 2021, between 5% and 10%. This revenue growth guidance incorporates the Company's information and expectations as of April 27, 2022 for the impact of supply chain challenges, including semiconductor chip availability, that the industry continues to face.2022. The Company expects revenue to be positively impacted by global pricing actionsmodest unit growth, beneficial product mix as the Company worksfocuses on its most profitable products, and pricing actions intended to offset cost headwinds across the supply chain and recovers its ability to produce motorcycles at levels necessary to meet demand.a moderated inflationary outlook. Furthermore, the Company expects revenue growth from parts and accessories and apparel and licensing as it executes The Hardwire strategy.
The Company continues to expect Motorcycles segmentexpects HDMC operating margin as a percent of revenue to be in the range of 11%14.1% to 12%.14.6% in 2023. The Company believes the anticipated positive impacts from higher motorcycle volume, product miximpact of pricing and pricing, combined with expected growth in revenue from higher-margin parts and accessories and apparel,supply chain productivity will more than offset the expected cost inflation acrossand unfavorability related to foreign currency exchange rates.
Considering the supply chain. Also,impact of the suspension of production and shipments for approximately two weeks during the additional EU tariffssecond quarter of 2022, the Company expects the year-over-year HDMC revenue growth rate in the first half of 2023 to be in the high teens. In addition, the Company expects an HDMC operating income margin percent in the high teens for the first half of 2023. In the second half of 2023, the Company expects HDMC revenue and operating income to be down compared to 2022 based on more normalized production and seasonality as compared to 2022. For HDFS, the Company expects the forecasted year-over-year operating income decline to moderate in the second half of the year compared to the first half given the historical seasonality of credit losses and the impact of borrowing cost increases experienced by HDFS in the second half of 2022.
The Company expects to sell 750 to 2,000 LiveWire motorcycle units and a LiveWire operating loss of $115 million to $125 million in 2023. The LiveWire expectations assume a launch of LiveWire's Del Mar electric motorcycle in the third quarter of 2023, consistent with the Company's current planned launch timeline.
The Company expects HDFS operating income to decline 20% to 25% in 2023 compared to 2022. This decline is expectedlargely a result of the higher interest rate environment causing the Company's borrowing costs to contribute over a percentage point of margin growth.increase combined with an increase in credit losses. The Company recognizes there is risk that the current economic outlook and its expectation for credit losses
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Givencould deteriorate during the Company's estimated production cadence and the expected timing of supply chain stabilization, the Company expects the Motorcycles segment revenue growth rate in 2022, compared to 2021, to be in the mid-single digits for the first half of 2022 and in the high-single digits for the second half of 2022. In addition, given the expected seasonalityremainder of the business,year. HDFS has several actions underway to mitigate the Company expects Motorcycles segment operating income margin percent to be in the mid-teens for the first halfimpact of 2022losses, including increased investment behind collections and in the mid-to-high single digits for the second half of 2022.stronger repossession efforts.
The Company continueshas a cost productivity target to expect Financial Services operating incomeeliminate $400 million of incremental costs by 2025. The Company reduced costs by approximately $50 million during 2022 and expects to decline 20% to 25%reduce an additional $140 million in 2022 compared to 2021. This decline2023 through production efficiency and reduced waste which is largely a result ofreflected in the favorable credit loss allowance reductions and lower actual credit losses in 2021 that are not expected to repeat in 2022.Company guidance above.
The Company continues to expectexpects capital investments in 2023 of between $190$225 and $220 million in 2022.$250 million. The Company plans to continue to invest behind product development and capability enhancement in support of The Hardwire strategy.
The Company's capital allocation priorities are to fund growth through The Hardwire initiatives, to pay dividends, and to execute discretionary share repurchases, which the Company plans to continue in 2022. At the end of the first quarter of 2022, the Company had 12.0 million shares remaining under its authorization to repurchase shares.repurchases.
Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 27, 202231, 2023
Compared to the Three Months Ended March 28, 202127, 2022
Consolidated Results
Three months ended   Three months ended 
(in thousands, except earnings per share)(in thousands, except earnings per share)March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
(Decrease)
Increase
%
 Change
(in thousands, except earnings per share)March 31,
2023
March 27,
2022
Increase
(Decrease)
Operating income from Motorcycles and Related Products$202,875 $227,532 $(24,657)(10.8)%
Operating income from Financial Services86,357 118,642 (32,285)(27.2)
Operating income - HDMCOperating income - HDMC$335,736 $218,934 $116,802 
Operating loss - LiveWireOperating loss - LiveWire(24,547)(16,059)(8,488)
Operating income - HDFSOperating income - HDFS58,420 86,357 (27,937)
Operating incomeOperating income289,232 346,174 (56,942)(16.4)Operating income369,609 289,232 80,377 
Other income, netOther income, net11,030 277 10,753 NMOther income, net20,096 11,030 9,066 
Investment (loss) income(1,979)1,402 (3,381)NM
Investment income (loss)Investment income (loss)10,025 (1,979)12,004 
Interest expenseInterest expense7,711 7,708 — Interest expense7,720 7,711 
Income before income taxesIncome before income taxes290,572 340,145 (49,573)(14.6)Income before income taxes392,010 290,572 101,438 
Provision for income taxes68,070 81,001 (12,931)(16.0)
Income tax provisionIncome tax provision90,181 68,070 22,111 
Net incomeNet income$222,502 $259,144 $(36,642)(14.1)%Net income301,829 222,502 79,327 
Less: Loss attributable to noncontrolling interestsLess: Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests2,261 — 2,261 
Net income attributable to Harley-Davidson, Inc.Net income attributable to Harley-Davidson, Inc.$304,090 $222,502 $81,588 
Diluted earnings per shareDiluted earnings per share$1.45 $1.68 $(0.23)(13.7)%Diluted earnings per share$2.04 $1.45 $0.59 
The Company reported operating income of $289.2$369.6 million in the first quarter of 20222023 compared to $346.2$289.2 million in the same period last year. MotorcyclesThe HDMC segment reported operating income was $202.9of $335.7 million in the first quarter of 2022, down $24.7 million compared to the same period last year. Operating income from the Financial Services segment decreased $32.32023, an increase of $116.8 million compared to the first quarter of 2021.2022. Operating loss from the LiveWire segment increased $8.5 million compared to the first quarter of 2022. Operating income from the HDFS segment decreased $27.9 million compared to the first quarter of 2022. Refer to the Motorcycles and Related ProductsHDMC Segment, LiveWire Segment and Financial ServicesHDFS Segment discussionssections for a more detailed analysisdiscussion of the factors affecting operating income.results.
Other income in the first quarter of 20222023 was higher than in the first quarter of 2021,2022, impacted by higher non-operating income related to the Company's defined benefit plans.
The Company's effective income tax rate for the first quarter of 20222023 was 23.4%23.0% compared to 23.8%23.4% for the same period in 2021.first quarter of 2022.
Diluted earnings per share was $1.45$2.04 in the first quarter of 2022, down2023, up 40.7% from diluted earnings per share of $1.68 for the same period last year on lower net income, partially offset by the impact of lower diluted weighted average shares outstanding.year. Diluted weighted average shares outstanding decreased from 154.5 million in the first three months of 2021 to 153.9 million in the first three monthsquarter of 2022 to 148.9 million in the first quarter of 2023, driven by the Company's discretionary repurchases of common stock. Please referRefer to Liquidity and Capital Resources for additional information concerning the Company's share repurchase activity.
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Harley-Davidson Motorcycles Retail Sales and Registration Data
Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Retail Sales(a)
Retail unit sales of new Harley-Davidson and LiveWire motorcycles were as follows:
Three months ended   Three months ended  
March 31,
2022
March 31,
2021
(Decrease)
Increase
% ChangeMarch 31,
2023
March 31,
2022
(Decrease)
Increase
%
Change
United StatesUnited States29,408 30,983 (1,575)(5.1)%United States24,277 29,344 (5,067)(17.3)%
CanadaCanada1,872 1,799 73 4.1 Canada1,744 1,869 (125)(6.7)
North AmericaNorth America31,280 32,782 (1,502)(4.6)North America26,021 31,213 (5,192)(16.6)
Europe/Middle East/Africa (EMEA)Europe/Middle East/Africa (EMEA)6,339 4,943 1,396 28.2 Europe/Middle East/Africa (EMEA)5,917 6,290 (373)(5.9)
Asia PacificAsia Pacific6,724 5,793 931 16.1 Asia Pacific6,881 6,699 182 2.7 
Latin AmericaLatin America809 717 92 12.8 Latin America606 809 (203)(25.1)
45,152 44,235 917 2.1 %39,425 45,011 (5,586)(12.4)%
(a)Data source for retail sales figures shown above is new sales warranty and registration information provided by dealers and compiled by the Company. The Company must rely on information that its dealers supply concerning new retail sales, and the Company does not regularly verify the information that its dealers supply. This information is subject to revision.
Worldwide retail sales of new Harley-Davidson motorcycles were up 2.1%down 12.4% during the first quarter of 2022 compared to the same period last year. The increase in retail sales during the first quarter of 2022 was led by higher retail sales in the Company's EMEA and Asia Pacific markets, partially offset by a decline in North America.
In North America, retail sales in the first quarter of 2022 were down compared to the same period last year due to a 5.1% decline in the U.S. The Company believes the decline in U.S. retail sales related to low dealer inventories as a result of production shortages associated with ongoing global supply chain challenges.
Retail sales outside of North America were higher in the first quarter of 20222023 compared to the same period last year, driven primarily by increasesa decline in EMEA and Asia Pacific whichNorth America. The Company believes retail sales in North America were positivelyadversely impacted by greater product availability following the launch of model year 2022 motorcycles.
At the end ofduring the first quarter of 2022, worldwide2023 by the timing of new model year shipments, which includes rollouts of the Company's anniversary models on a staggered basis and the introduction of other new products subsequent to the first quarter, as well as shifting macro-economic conditions.
Worldwide average retail inventory of new Harley-Davidson motorcycles was down approximatelyup 70% and 24%, or approximately 9,000 motorcycles, during the first quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2021. Retail inventory levels at2022 and the end of the firstfourth quarter of 2022, primarily in the U.S., were adversely impacted by global supply chain challenges which impacted the Company's ability to produce at planned levels. Overall, the Company continued to observe strong pricing in the market for both new and used motorcyclesrespectively. Improved production in the first quarter of this year and in the second half of 2022 has allowed for improved product availability in the dealer network ahead of the riding season. Average retail inventory is calculated based on a four-point average including inventory on the first day of the quarter and each subsequent month-end within the quarter.
In the U.S., new motorcycle transaction prices on average as a percent of Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Prices were within the Company's targeted range of plus or minus 2% during the first quarter of 2023. As retail inventory levels of new motorcycles improved, the Company observed used motorcycle prices relative to new were lower on average in the first quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2022. The Company believes used prices remain healthy relative to historical levels.
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Motorcycle Registration Data and Market Share – 601+cc(a)
The Company's U.S. market share of new 601+cc motorcycles decreased during the first quarterthree months of 20222023 compared to the first quarterthree months of last year2022 on lower retail sales relative to the industry. However, despite the year-over-year decline in retail sales, the Company's market share within the Touring and large Cruiser segments of the U.S. market grew compared to the first quarter last year as the Company performed better than its competition on a relative basis in these segments. The Company's European market share of new 601+cc motorcycles for the first quarterthree months of 2022 grew behind strong retail sales2023 increased compared to the prior year first quarter.three months of 2022. Industry retail registration data for new motorcycles and the Company's market share was as follows:
Three months ended   Three months ended  
March 31,
2022
March 31,
2021
(Decrease)
Increase
% ChangeMarch 31,
2023
March 31,
2022
(Decrease)
Increase
% Change
Industry new motorcycle registrations:Industry new motorcycle registrations:Industry new motorcycle registrations:
United States(b)
United States(b)
62,207 63,412 (1,205)(1.9)%
United States(b)
59,262 62,207 (2,945)(4.7)%
Europe(c)
Europe(c)
106,716 95,810 10,906 11.4 %
Europe(c)
121,574 107,786 13,788 12.8 %
Harley-Davidson market share data:Harley-Davidson market share data:Harley-Davidson market share data:
United States(b)
United States(b)
47.1 %48.3 %(1.2)pts.
United States(b)
39.5 %47.1 %(7.6)pts.
Europe(c)
Europe(c)
4.9 %4.0 %0.9 pts.
Europe(c)
5.0 %4.9 %0.1 pts.
(a)Data includes on-road models with internal combustion engines with displacements greater than 600cc's and electric motorcycles with kilowatt (kW) peak power equivalents greater than 600cc's (601+cc). On-road 601+cc models include dual purpose models, three-wheeled motorcycles and autocycles. Registration data for Harley-Davidson Street® 500 motorcycles is not included in this table.
(b)United States industry data is derived from information provided by Motorcycle Industry Council. This third-party data is subject to revision and update.
(c)Europe data includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Industry data is derived from information provided by Management Services Helwig Schmitt GmbH. This third-party data is subject to revision and update.
Motorcycles and Related ProductsHDMC Segment
Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Unit Shipments
Wholesale motorcycleMotorcycle unit shipments were as follows:
Three months ended   Three months ended  
March 27, 2022March 28, 2021UnitUnitMarch 31, 2023March 27, 2022UnitUnit
UnitsMix %UnitsMix %(Decrease)
Increase
% ChangeUnitsMix %UnitsMix %Increase
(Decrease)
% Change
U.S. motorcycle shipmentsU.S. motorcycle shipments35,891 65.4 %40,153 73.3 %(4,262)(10.6)%U.S. motorcycle shipments42,588 68.4 %35,819 65.4 %6,769 18.9 %
Worldwide motorcycle shipments:Worldwide motorcycle shipments:Worldwide motorcycle shipments:
Grand American Touring(a)
Grand American Touring(a)
26,012 47.4 %30,334 55.4 %(4,322)(14.2)%
Grand American Touring(a)
32,219 51.8 %26,012 47.5 %6,207 23.9 %
Cruiser(b)
Cruiser(b)
15,660 28.6 %17,450 31.8 %(1,790)(10.3)
Cruiser(b)
21,258 34.1 %15,563 28.5 %5,695 36.6 
Sportster® / StreetSportster® / Street5,544 8.9 %9,654 17.6 %(4,110)(42.6)
LightweightLightweight1,041 1.7 %— — %1,041 100.0 
Adventure TouringAdventure Touring3,520 6.4 %— — %3,520 NMAdventure Touring2,175 3.5 %3,517 6.4 %(1,342)(38.2)
Sportster® / Street9,651 17.6 %7,026 12.8 %2,625 37.4 
54,843 100.0 %54,810 100.0 %33 0.1 %62,237 100.0 %54,746 100.0 %7,491 13.7 %
(a)Includes CVOTM and Trike
(b)Includes Softail® and LiveWire®
The Company shipped 54,84362,237 motorcycles worldwide during the first three monthsquarter of 2022,2023, which was flat13.7% higher than the first quarter of 2022. The Company's shipments to dealers were up compared to the first three monthssame quarter last year on higher production as the Company launched its new 2023 model year motorcycles ahead of 2021.the riding season. The Company's shipmentsCompany also began shipping Lightweight motorcycles to dealers in the U.S.China during the first quarter of 2022 were negatively impacted by lower than planned production related to component part availability associated with ongoing global supply chain challenges.2023.
The lower than planned production also impacted the mix of motorcycles shipped duringDuring the first three monthsquarter of 2022 resulting in2023, the Company shipped a lowerhigher mix of Grand American Touring and Cruiser motorcycles shipped as a percent of total shipments and a lower mix of Sportster / Street and Adventure Touring motorcycles.
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higher mix of Sportster/Street motorcycles compared to the same period last year. The mix of motorcycle unit shipments during the first quarter of 2022 was also impacted by shipments of the Company's Pan America™ Adventure Touring motorcycles, which were launched in the second quarter of 2021.
Segment Results
Condensed statements of operations for the MotorcyclesHDMC segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three months ended   Three months ended  
March 27, 2022March 28, 2021Increase
(Decrease)
%
Change
March 31, 2023March 27, 2022Increase
(Decrease)
%
Change
Revenue:Revenue:Revenue:
MotorcyclesMotorcycles$1,059,113 $1,016,334 $42,779 4.2 %Motorcycles$1,302,378 $1,057,005 $245,373 23.2 %
Parts and accessoriesParts and accessories165,525 149,859 15,666 10.5 Parts and accessories167,671 165,320 2,351 1.4 
ApparelApparel51,407 50,323 1,084 2.2 Apparel71,391 51,404 19,987 38.9 
LicensingLicensing6,497 5,512 985 17.9 Licensing6,210 6,497 (287)(4.4)
OtherOther20,629 10,079 10,550 104.7 Other10,179 12,544 (2,365)(18.9)
1,303,171 1,232,107 71,064 5.8 1,557,829 1,292,770 265,059 20.5 
Cost of goods soldCost of goods sold895,536 811,622 83,914 10.3 Cost of goods sold1,000,803 885,188 115,615 13.1 
Gross profitGross profit407,635 420,485 (12,850)(3.1)Gross profit557,026 407,582 149,444 36.7 
Operating expenses:Operating expenses:Operating expenses:
Selling & administrative expenseSelling & administrative expense172,295 152,689 19,606 12.8 Selling & administrative expense197,439 163,014 34,425 21.1 
Engineering expenseEngineering expense32,593 40,857 (8,264)(20.2)Engineering expense23,851 25,762 (1,911)(7.4)
Restructuring benefitRestructuring benefit(128)(593)465 (78.4)Restructuring benefit— (128)128 (100.0)
204,760 192,953 11,807 6.1 %221,290 188,648 32,642 17.3 
Operating incomeOperating income$202,875 $227,532 $(24,657)Operating income$335,736 $218,934 $116,802 53.4 %
Operating marginOperating margin15.6 %18.5 %(2.9)pts.Operating margin21.6 %16.9 %4.6 pts.
The estimated impactsimpact of significant factors affecting the comparability of net revenue, cost of goods sold and gross profit from the first three monthsquarter of 20212022 to the first three monthsquarter of 20222023 were as follows (in millions):
Net
Revenue
Cost of
Goods Sold
Gross
Profit
Net
Revenue
Cost of
Goods Sold
Gross
Profit
Three months ended March 28, 2021$1,232.1 $811.6 $420.5 
Three months ended March 27, 2022Three months ended March 27, 2022$1,292.8 $885.2 $407.6 
VolumeVolume26.6 12.7 13.9 Volume153.2 109.0 44.2 
Price and sales incentivesPrice and sales incentives81.4 — 81.4 Price and sales incentives103.8 — 103.8 
Foreign currency exchange rates and hedgingForeign currency exchange rates and hedging(17.3)(13.8)(3.5)Foreign currency exchange rates and hedging(28.6)(6.1)(22.5)
Shipment mixShipment mix(19.6)2.5 (22.1)Shipment mix36.6 7.8 28.8 
Raw material pricesRaw material prices— 14.9 (14.9)Raw material prices— (6.8)6.8 
Manufacturing and other costsManufacturing and other costs— 67.7 (67.7)Manufacturing and other costs— 11.7 (11.7)
71.1 84.0 (12.9)265.0 115.6 149.4 
Three months ended March 27, 2022$1,303.2 $895.6 $407.6 
Three months ended March 31, 2023Three months ended March 31, 2023$1,557.8 $1,000.8 $557.0 
Factors affecting the comparability of net revenue, cost of goods sold and gross profit from the first quarter of 20212022 to the first quarter of 20222023 were as follows:
The increase in volume was primarily due primarily to higher partsmotorcycle shipments and accessorieshigher apparel sales.
During the first quarter of 2022, revenueRevenue benefited from higher wholesale prices on new model year 2022 motorcycles coupled with pricing surcharges in select markets.2023 motorcycles.
Revenue and gross profit were negatively impacted by weaker foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar, partially offset by favorable net foreign currency gains associated with hedging recorded in cost of goods sold.
Changes in the shipment mix between motorcycle families had an unfavorablea favorable impact on revenue and gross profit during the first quarter of 2022 due primarily to a lower mix of Grand American Touring models.profit.
Raw material cost increases were driven by costcosts benefited from continued moderation in the rate of inflation related primarily due to supply chain challenges.metals.
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Manufacturing and other costs increased due primarily to higher costs associated with supply chain challenges. In 2021, supply chain cost inflation started to accelerate in the second quarter and continued increasing throughout the remainder of the year. The cost inflationother startup costs experienced in the first quarter, of 2022 is consistent with levels experienced in the back-half of 2021.partially offset by productivity savings including reduced reliance on expedited freight.
Operating expenses were higher in the first quarter of 20222023 compared to the same period in 2021 due primarilylast year related to costs associated with The Hardwire initiatives including the LiveWire transaction.and employee-related costs.
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LiveWire Segment
Segment Results
Condensed statements of operations for the Financial ServicesLiveWire segment were as follows (in thousands, except unit shipments):
 Three months ended  
March 31, 2023March 27, 2022Increase
(Decrease)
%
Change
Revenue$7,762 $10,401 $(2,639)(25.4)%
Cost of goods sold6,498 10,348 (3,850)(37.2)%
Gross profit1,264 53 1,211 2,284.9 
Selling, administrative and engineering expense25,811 16,112 9,699 60.2 
Operating loss$(24,547)$(16,059)$(8,488)52.9 %
LiveWire motorcycle unit shipments63 97 (34)(35.1)
During the first quarter of 2023, revenue decreased by $2.6 million, or 25.4%, compared to the first quarter of 2022. The decrease was primarily due to lower revenue driven by lower volumes on electric motorcycles and electric balance bikes. Cost of sales decreased by $3.9 million, or 37.2%, during the first quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2022 on lower volumes.
During the first quarter of 2023, selling, administrative and engineering expense increased $9.7 million, or 60.2%, compared to the first quarter of 2022 driven by higher product development costs as well as higher costs associated with standing up the new organization.

HDFS Segment
Segment Results
Condensed statements of operations for the HDFS segment were as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended   Three months ended  
March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
Increase
(Decrease)
%
Change
March 31, 2023March 27, 2022Increase
(Decrease)
%
Change
Revenue:Revenue:Revenue:
Interest incomeInterest income$161,734 $159,814 $1,920 1.2 %Interest income$182,270 $161,734 $20,536 12.7 %
Other incomeOther income30,281 30,586 (305)(1.0)Other income40,825 30,281 10,544 34.8 
192,015 190,400 1,615 0.8 223,095 192,015 31,080 16.2 
Expenses:Expenses:Expenses:
Interest expenseInterest expense42,099 55,707 (13,608)(24.4)Interest expense73,549 42,099 31,450 74.7 
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses28,822 (22,474)51,296 (228.2)Provision for credit losses52,364 28,822 23,542 81.7 
Operating expenseOperating expense34,737 38,298 (3,561)(9.3)Operating expense38,762 34,737 4,025 11.6 
Restructuring expense— 227 (227)(100.0)
105,658 71,758 33,900 47.2 164,675 105,658 59,017 55.9 
Operating incomeOperating income$86,357 $118,642 $(32,285)(27.2)%Operating income$58,420 $86,357 $(27,937)(32.4)%
Interest income was higher for the first quarterthree months of 2022,2023 compared to the same period last year, primarily due to higher average outstanding finance receivables partially offset byat a lowerhigher average yield. Other income increased largely driven by higher investment income and insurance revenue. Interest expense decreasedincreased due to lowerhigher average outstanding debt andat a lower cost of funds.higher average interest rate.

The provision for credit losses increased $51.3$23.5 million in the first quarter of 2022 compared to the first quarter of 20212022, primarily duedriven by higher retail delinquencies and credit losses, which returned to a reductionpre-COVID-19 pandemic levels at the end of 2022. The Company experienced higher retail delinquencies and credit losses as consumers faced increased pressure from higher debt levels and the impacts of inflation, both more generally as well as through higher payments on larger retail motorcycle loans. Further, the Company continues to experience challenges with motorcycle repossessions as the repossession industry contracted
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during the COVID-19 pandemic and has yet to expand to meet current demand. This has resulted in more motorcycle loans with larger loan balances that are in the later stages of delinquency being charged-off without a successful repossession. In the future, the Company anticipates recovering some portion of those charge-offs as the motorcycles are located, repossessed and sold at auction.

The allowance for credit losses recorded inat the end of the first quarter of 2021 and higher credit losses in2023 was consistent with the first quarterbalance at the end of 2022 as comparedthe overall macro-economic conditions remained uncertain given near-term recession concerns did not abate, elevated levels of inflation continued to challenge the first quarter of 2021.
The reduction in the allowance for credit losses in 2021 was largely driven by improvement in economic conditionsU.S. and the Company's outlook on future conditions during the first quarter of 2021. During the first quarter of 2022, economic conditionsglobal economies, and the Company’s outlook were relatively unchanged from the end of 2021. The pace of economic recovery continues to remain uncertain as demonstrated by rising inflation, muted consumer confidence continued global supply chain disruptions, and the conflict in Ukraine,persisted, among other factors. As such, at the end of the first quarter of 2022,2023, the Company'sCompany’s outlook on economic conditions and its probability weighting of its economic forecast scenarios included continued slow economic improvement in its economic scenario weighting. The Company’s expectations surrounding its economic forecasts may change in future periods as additional information becomes available.were weighted towards a near-term recession.

Annualized credit losses on the Company's retail motorcycle loans were 1.77%3.21% during the first quarter of 20222023 compared to 1.46%1.77% in the first quarter of 2021. The unfavorable retail credit loss performance was driven by delinquencies and the resulting charge-offs moving towards more normalized levels during the first quarter of 2022. The 30-day delinquency rate for retail motorcycle loans at March 27, 202231, 2023 increased to 2.87%3.74% from 2.14%2.87% at March 28, 2021. The 30-day delinquency rate was elevated as27, 2022.
Operating expenses increased $4.0 million compared to the first quarter of 2021 as the delinquency rate for the first quarter of 2021 remained below levels experienced prior2022 due in part to the COVID-19 pandemic due to benefits to individuals provided under U.S. federal stimulus packageshigher employee and repossession related costs as well as the effects of COVID-19 pandemic-related retail payment extensions. Starting in the second quarter of 2020 through the end of the second quarter of 2021, the Company granted COVID-19 pandemic-related extensions to help customers get through financial difficulties associated with the pandemic. The Company continues to grant standard payment extensions to customers in accordance with its policies. The Company expects the delinquencya valuation loss on a securitization interest rate and losses to continue to normalize over time.(1)
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Operating expenses decreased $3.6 million in the first quarter of 2022 compared to the first quarter of 2021 in part due to lower technology costs.cap.
Changes in thethe allowance for credit losses on finance receivables were as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended Three months ended
March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
March 31,
2023
March 27,
2022
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$339,379 $390,936 Balance, beginning of period$358,711 $339,379 
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses28,822 (22,474)Provision for credit losses52,364 28,822 
Charge-offs, net of recoveriesCharge-offs, net of recoveries(27,728)(22,229)Charge-offs, net of recoveries(52,644)(27,728)
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$340,473 $346,233 Balance, end of period$358,431 $340,473 
Other Matters
Commitments and Contingencies
The Company is subject to lawsuits and other claims related to product, product recall, commercial, employee, environmental and other matters. In determining costs to accrue related to these items, the Company carefully analyzes cases and considers the likelihood of adverse judgments or outcomes, as well as the potential range of possible loss. Any amounts accrued for these matters are monitored on an ongoing basis and are updated based on new developments or new information as it becomes available for each matter. Refer to Note 1614 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the Company's commitments and contingencies.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources(1)
Based on the Company's current outlook, for both the near and longer terms, it expects Motorcycles segment operations to continue to be funded primarily through cash flows generated by operations and Financial Services segment operations to continue to be funded with unsecured debt, unsecured commercial paper, asset-backed commercial paper conduit facilities, committed unsecured bank facilities, asset-backed securitizations and brokered certificates of deposit.(1)
The Company's capital allocation priorities are to fund growth through The Hardwire initiatives, to pay dividends, and to execute discretionary share repurchases.
The Company'sCompany’s strategy is to maintain a minimum of twelve months of its projected liquidity needs through a combination of cash and cash equivalents and availability under its credit facilities. In response
The Company believes its current cash, cash equivalents and availability under its credit facilities are sufficient to meet its liquidity concerns relatedrequirements, consistent with its strategy. The Company expects to fund its operations, excluding the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company increased itsorigination of finance receivables, primarily with cash flows from operating activities and cash and cash equivalents during 2020.on hand.(1) The Company's cashCompany expects to fund the origination of finance receivables primarily with unsecured debt, unsecured commercial paper, asset-backed commercial paper conduit facilities, committed unsecured bank facilities, asset-backed securitizations and cash equivalents remain higher than pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels at the endbrokered certificates of March 2022, but during the first three months of 2022, the Company continued to gradually reduce its cash and cash equivalents from prior year levels.deposit.(1)
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents and availability under its credit and conduit facilities at March 27, 202231, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):
Cash and cash equivalents(a)
$1,393,7311,561,200 
 Availability under credit and conduit facilities:
Credit facilitiesU.S. commercial paper conduit facility:598,984 
Asset-backedCommitted asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility(a)(b)
630,4661,500,000 
Borrowings against committed facility(300,000)
Net asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit committed facility availability1,200,000 
Uncommitted asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility72,816 
Borrowings against uncommitted facility(72,816)
Net asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit uncommitted facility availability— 
Total net U.S. commercial paper conduit facility availability1,200,000 
Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility(a)(b)(c)
4,49292,295 
Borrowings against committed facility(62,195)
Net asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility30,100 
Availability under credit and conduit facilities:
Credit facilities1,420,000 
Commercial paper outstanding(501,243)
Net credit facility availability918,757 
$2,627,6733,710,057 
(a)Includes $236.0 million of cash and cash equivalents held by LiveWire Group, Inc.
(b)Includes facilities expiring in the next 12 months which the Company expects to renew prior to expiration.(1)
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C$125.0 million Canadian Conduit facility agreement remeasured to U.S. dollars at March 31, 2023.
To access the debt capital markets, the Company relies on credit rating agencies to assign short-short-term and long-term credit ratings. Generally, lower credit ratings result in higher borrowing costs and reduced access to debt capital markets. A credit rating agency may change or withdraw the Company's ratings based on its assessment of the Company's current and future ability to meet interest and principal repayment obligations. The Company’s short-term debt ratings affect its ability to issue unsecured commercial paper. The Company’s short- and long-term debt ratings, as of March 27, 202231, 2023 were as follows:
 Short-TermLong-TermOutlook
Moody’sP3Baa3Stable
Standard & Poor’sA3BBB-Stable
FitchF2BBB+Stable
The Company recognizes that it must continue to monitor and adjust its business to changes in the lending environment. The Company intends to continue with a diversified funding profile through a combination of short-term and long-term funding vehicles and to pursue a variety of sources to obtain cost-effective funding.(1) The Financial Services operationsHDFS segment results could be negatively affected by higher costs of funding and increased difficulty of raising, or potential unsuccessful efforts to raise, funding in the short-term and long-term capital markets.(1) These negative consequences could in turn adversely affect the Company’s business and results of operations in various ways, including through higher costs of capital, reduced funds available through its Financial Services operationsHDFS to provide loans to dealers and their retail customers, and dilution to existing shareholders through the use of alternative sources of capital.
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Cash Flow Activity
The Company's cash flow activities were as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended Three months ended
March 27, 2022March 28, 2021March 31, 2023March 27, 2022
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities$139,321 $162,781 Net cash provided by operating activities$46,677 $139,321 
Net cash used by investing activitiesNet cash used by investing activities(121,135)(26,733)Net cash used by investing activities(70,586)(121,135)
Net cash used by financing activities(483,505)(1,012,719)
Net cash provided (used) by financing activitiesNet cash provided (used) by financing activities178,590 (483,505)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashEffect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(1,743)(5,163)Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash3,820 (1,743)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$(467,062)$(881,834)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashNet increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$158,501 $(467,062)
Operating Activities
Operating cashCash flow provided by operating activities in the first quarterthree months of 20222023 compared to the first quarterthree months of 20212022 was adversely impacted by an increase in wholesale finance receivables, partially offset by a benefit from changes in working capital. Working capital was positively impacted by favorable changes in inventory, partially offset by lower net cash outflows for wholesale financing. Working capital was negatively impacted by higher inventory levels at the end of March 2022,less favorable changes in accounts payable compared to the endfirst three months of March 2021, as a result of production disruption associated with global supply chain challenges. Net cash outflows for wholesale financing activity were lower behind the decline in U.S. wholesale shipments in the first quarter of 2022 compared to the same period last year. The Company’s sales of motorcycles and related products to dealers in the U.S. and Canada are financed through Harley-Davidson Financial Services and become finance receivables upon sale to the dealer and become operating cash flows when the dealer repays the wholesale finance receivable. As a result, operating cash flow is impacted by the amount and duration of wholesale financing that dealers elect to utilize.2022.
The Company continues to expect that it will generate sufficient cash inflows from operationsoperating activities to fund its ongoing operating cash requirements includingexcluding operating cash requirements related to the origination of finance receivables which the Company expects to fund through the issuance of debt. The Company's ongoing operating cash requirements include those related to existing contractual commitments. The Company's purchase orders for inventory used in manufacturing generally do not become firm commitments until 90 days prior to expected delivery. The Company's material contractual operating cash commitments at March 27, 202231, 2023 relate to leases, retirement plan obligations and income taxes. The Company's long-term lease obligations and future payments are discussed further in Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements.statements in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. There are no required qualified pension plan contributions in 2022.2023. The Company’s expected future contributions and benefit payments related to its defined benefit retirement plans are discussed further in Note 15 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.2022. The Company has a liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $45.8$28.4 million and related accrued interest and penalties of $23.8$16.0 million as of March 27, 2022.31, 2023. The Company cannot reasonably estimate the period of cash settlement for either the liability for unrecognized tax benefits or accrued interest and penalties.
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Investing Activities
The Company’s most significant investing activities consist of capital expenditures and retail finance receivable originations and collections. Capital expenditures were $28.0$45.1 million in the first three months of 20222023 compared to $18.8$28.0 million in the same period last year. The Company's 20222023 plan includes estimated capital investments between $190$225 million to $220and $250 million, all of which the Company expects to fund with net cash flow generated by operations.(1)
Net cash outflows fromfor finance receivables forduring the first three months of 20222023 were $84.6$67.0 million higherlower compared to the same period last year due primarily to higherlower retail finance receivable originations.originations, partially offset by lower collections of finance receivables. The Company funds its finance receivables net lending activity through the issuance of debt, discussed in "Financing Activities" below.
Financing Activities
The Company’s financing activities consist primarily of dividend payments, share repurchases, and debt activity.
The Company paid dividends of $0.1575$0.165 and $0.1500$0.158 per share totaling $24.1 million and $23.1$24.1 million during the first three months of 20222023 and 2021,2022, respectively.
Cash outflows for share repurchases were $261.7$96.8 million in the first three months of 20212023 compared to $5.6$261.7 million in the same period last year. Share repurchases during the first three months of 20222023 include $248.2$84.0 million or 6.22.0 million shares of common stock related to discretionary repurchases and $13.5$12.8 million or 0.40.3 million shares of common stock employees surrendered to satisfy withholding taxes in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units and performance shares. As of March 27, 2022,31, 2023, there were 12.07.8 million shares remaining on a board-approved share repurchase authorizations.authorization.
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Financing cash flows related to debt and brokered certificates of deposit activity resulted in net cash outflowsinflows of $197.7 million and $985.1 million$0.3 billion in the first three months of 2022 and 2021, respectively. Debt levels declined during2023 compared to a net cash outflow of $0.2 billion in the first quarter of 2022 and 2021 in connection with the reduction in cash and cash equivalents as the Company worked to normalize cash balances from the higher levels held at the end of 2020, as discussed earlier in Liquidity and Capital Resources.same period last year. The Company’s total outstanding debt and liability for brokered certificates of deposit consisted of the following (in thousands):
March 27,
2022
March 28,
2021
March 31,
2023
March 27,
2022
Outstanding debt:Outstanding debt:Outstanding debt:
Global credit facility borrowings$— $15,462 
Unsecured commercial paperUnsecured commercial paper816,016 749,801 Unsecured commercial paper$501,243 $816,016 
Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facilityAsset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility95,664 102,543 Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility62,195 95,664 
Asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facilityAsset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility269,534 350,648 Asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility372,816 269,534 
Asset-backed securitization debt, netAsset-backed securitization debt, net1,357,558 2,099,258 Asset-backed securitization debt, net2,257,799 1,357,558 
Medium-term notes, netMedium-term notes, net3,329,845 3,803,736 Medium-term notes, net3,245,591 3,329,845 
Senior notes, netSenior notes, net744,842 744,149 Senior notes, net745,545 744,842 
$6,613,459 $7,865,597 $7,185,189 $6,613,459 
Deposits, netDeposits, net$348,083 $152,653 Deposits, net$369,311 $348,083 
Refer to Note 119 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements for a summary of future principal payments on the Company's debt obligations. Refer to Note 76 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements for a summary of future maturities on the Company's certificates of deposit.
DepositsHarley-Davidson Financial ServicesHDFS offers brokered certificates of deposit to customers indirectly through contractual arrangements with third-party banks and/or securities brokerage firms through its bank subsidiary. The Company had $348.1$369.3 million and $152.7$348.1 million, net of fees, of interest-bearing brokered certificates of deposit outstanding as of March 27, 202231, 2023 and March 28, 2021,27, 2022, respectively. The deposits are classified as short- and long-term liabilities based upon the term of each brokered certificate of deposit issued. Each separate brokered certificate of deposit is issued under a master certificate, and as such, all outstanding brokered certificates of deposit are considered below the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance coverage limits.
Credit FacilitiesOnIn April 7, 2022, the Company entered into a $710.0 million five-year credit facility to replace the $707.5 million five-year credit facility that was due to mature in April 2023. The new five-year credit facility matures in April
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2027. The Company also amended its other $707.5 million five-year credit facility to $710.0 million with no change to the maturity date of April 2025. The five-year credit facilities (together, the Global Credit Facilities) bear interest at variable rates, which may be adjusted upward or downward depending on certain criteria, such as credit ratings. The Global Credit Facilities also require the Company to pay a fee based on the average daily unused portion of the aggregate commitments. The Global Credit Facilities are committed facilities primarily used to support the Company's unsecured commercial paper program.
Unsecured Commercial Paper – Subject to limitations, the Company could issue unsecured commercial paper of up to $1.42 billion as of March 27, 202231, 2023 supported by the Global Credit Facilities, as discussed above. Outstanding unsecured commercial paper may not exceed the unused portion of the Global Credit Facilities. Maturities may range up to 365 days from the issuance date. The Company intends to repay unsecured commercial paper as it matures with additional unsecured commercial paper or through other means, such as borrowing under the Global Credit Facilities, borrowing under its asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility or through the use of operating cash flow and cash on hand.(1)
Medium-Term Notes – The Company had the following unsecured medium-term notes issued and outstanding at March 27, 202231, 2023 (in thousands):
Principal AmountRateIssue DateMaturity Date
$400,0002.55%June 2017June 2022
$350,0003.35%February 2018February 2023
    $723,886(a)
4.94%May 2020May 2023
    $668,202(b)
3.14%November 2019November 2024
$700,0003.35%June 2020June 2025
$500,0003.05%February 2022February 2027
Principal AmountRateIssue DateMaturity Date
     $706,972(a)
4.94%May 2020May 2023
     $652,590(b)
3.14%November 2019November 2024
$700,0003.35%June 2020June 2025
$500,0003.05%February 2022February 2027
$700,0006.50%March 2023March 2028
(a)€650.0 million par value remeasured to U.S. dollar at March 27, 202231, 2023
(b)€600.0 million par value remeasured to U.S. dollar at March 27, 202231, 2023
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The U.S. dollar-denominated medium-term notes provide for semi-annual interest payments and the foreign currency-denominated medium-term notes provide for annual interest payments. Principal on the medium-term notes is due at maturity. Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs on the medium-term notes reduced the outstanding balance by $12.2$14.0 million and $13.6$12.2 million at March 27, 202231, 2023 and March 28, 2021,27, 2022, respectively. During the first quarter of 2022, $550.02023, $350.0 million of 4.05%3.35% medium-term notes matured, and the principal and accrued interest were paid in full. During the first quarter of 2021, $600.02022, $550.0 million of 2.85% medium-term notes and $450.0 million of floating-rate4.05% medium-term notes matured, and the principal and accrued interest were paid in full.
Senior Notes – In July 2015, the Company issued $750.0 million of unsecured senior notes in an underwritten offering. The senior notes provide for semi-annual interest payments and principal due at maturity. $450.0 million of the senior notes mature in July 2025 and have an interest rate of 3.50%, and $300.0 million of the senior notes mature in July 2045 and have an interest rate of 4.625%. The Company used the proceeds from the debt to repurchase shares of its common stock in 2015.
On-Balance Sheet Asset-Backed Canadian Commercial Paper Conduit Facility – The Company has a revolving facility agreement (Canadian Conduit) with a Canadian bank-sponsored asset-backed commercial paper conduit. Under the agreement, the Canadian Conduit is contractually committed, at the Company's option, to purchase eligible Canadian retail motorcycle finance receivables for proceeds up to C$125.0 million. Prior to the renewal and amendment, the Canadian Conduit was contractually committed, at the Company's option, to purchase eligible Canadian retail motorcycle finance receivables for proceeds up to C$220.0 million. The transferred assets are restricted as collateral for the payment of the associated debt. The terms for this debt provide for interest on the outstanding principal based on prevailing market interest rates plus a specified margin. The Canadian Conduit also provides for a program fee and an unused commitment fee based on the unused portion of the total aggregate commitment of C$125.0 million. There is no amortization schedule; however, the debt is reduced monthly as available collections on the related finance receivables are applied to outstanding principal. Upon expiration of the Canadian Conduit, any outstanding principal will continue to be reduced monthly through available collections. The expected remaining term of the related receivables is approximately 54 years. Unless earlier terminated or extended by mutual agreement between the Company and the lenders, as of March 27, 2022,31, 2023, the Canadian Conduit has an expiration date of June 27, 2022.30, 2023.
There were no finance receivable transfers under the Canadian Conduit Facility during the first quarter of 2023. During the first quarter of 2022, the Company transferred $25.3 million of Canadian retail motorcycle finance receivables to the Canadian Conduit for proceeds of $21.2 million. There were no finance receivable transfers under the Canadian Conduit Facility during the first quarter of 2021.
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On-Balance Sheet Asset-Backed U.S. Commercial Paper Conduit FacilityFacilities VIE – The Company has a $900.0 million$1.50 billion revolving facility agreement (the U.S. Conduit Facility) with third-party banks and their asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduits. Under the revolving facility agreement, the Company may transfer U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to an SPE, which in turn may issue debt to those third-party banks and their asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduits. In addition toNovember 2022, the $900.0 million aggregate commitment,Company renewed the U.S. Conduit Facility. As a result of the renewal, the agreement no longer allows for uncommitted additional borrowings, at the lender’slender's discretion, of up to $300.0 million.million in addition to the $1.50 billion aggregate commitment. Prior to the November 2022 renewal, the Company drew against the $300.0 million of uncommitted additional borrowings that were available prior to the renewal and, at March 31, 2023, $72.8 million of the amount drawn remained outstanding. Availability under the U.S. Conduit Facility is based on, among other things, the amount of eligible U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables held by the SPE as collateral.
There were no finance receivable transfers under the U.S. Conduit Facility during the first quarter of 2023. During the first quarter of 2022, the Company transferred $47.1 million of U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to an SPE which, in turn, issued $41.3 million of debt under the U.S. Conduit Facility. There were no finance receivable transfers under the U.S. Conduit during the first quarter of 2021.
The terms for this debt provide for interest on the outstanding principal based on prevailing commercial paper rates if funded by a conduit lender through the issuance of commercial paper. IfSubsequent to the November 2022 renewal, the interest rate on all outstanding debt and future borrowings, if not funded by a conduit lender through the issuance of commercial paper, is based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), with provisions for a transition to other benchmark rates in the future, if necessary. Prior to the renewal, if not funded by a conduit lender through the issuance of commercial paper, the terms of the interest arewere based on LIBOR or SOFR, as appropriate, with provisions for a transition to other benchmark rates, generally aligningrates. In addition to recommendations published by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee convened by the Federal Reserve Board and Federal Reserve Bank of New York. In each of these cases,interest, a program fee is assessed based on the outstanding debt principal balance. The U.S. Conduit Facility also provides for an unused commitment fee based on the unused portion of the total aggregate commitment. When calculating the unused fee, the aggregate commitment does not include any unused portion of the $300.0 million additional borrowings allowed. There is no amortization schedule; however, the debt is reduced monthly as available collections on the related finance receivables are applied to outstanding principal. Upon expiration of the U.S. Conduit Facility, any outstanding principal will continue to be reduced monthly through available collections. The expected remaining term of the related receivables held by the SPE is approximately 54 years. Unless earlier terminated or extended by mutual agreement of the Company and the lenders, as of March 27, 2022,31, 2023, the U.S. Conduit Facility has an expiration date of November 18, 2022.17, 2023.
Asset-Backed Securitization VIEs – For all of its asset-backed securitization transactions, the Company transfers U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to separate VIEs, which in turn issue secured notes with various maturities and interest
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rates to investors. All of the notes held by the VIEs are secured by future collections of the purchased U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables. The U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables included in the asset-backed securitization transactions are not available to pay other obligations or claims of the Company's creditors until the associated debt and other obligations are satisfied. Restricted cash balances held by the VIEs are used only to support the securitizations.
The accounting treatment for asset-backed securitizations depends on the terms of the related transaction and the Company’s continuing involvement with the VIE. The Company's current outstanding asset-backed securitizations do not meet the criteria to be accounted for as a sale because, in addition to retaining servicing rights, the Company retains a financial interest in the VIE in the form of a debt security. These transactions are treated as secured borrowings, and as such, the retail motorcycle finance receivables remain on the balance sheet with a corresponding obligation reflected as debt. There is no amortization schedule for the secured notes; however, the debt is reduced monthly as available collections on the related retail motorcycle finance receivables are applied to outstanding principal. The secured notes currently have various contractual maturities ranging from 2024 to 2029.2030.
There were no on-balance sheet asset-backed securitization transactions during the first quarter of 2022. During the first quarter of 2021,2023, the Company transferred $663.1$628.5 million of U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to an SPE which, in turn, issued $600.0$550.0 million, or $597.4$547.7 million net of discount and issuance costs, of secured notes through an on-balance sheet asset-backed securitization transaction. There were no on-balance sheet asset-backed securitization transactions during the first quarter of 2022.
Support AgreementIntercompany Agreements – – The CompanyOn January 27, 2023, Harley-Davidson, Inc. entered into a revolving line of credit with Harley-Davidson Financial Services, Inc. whereby Harley-Davidson Financial Services, Inc. may borrow up to $200.0 million at market interest rates with an expiration date of July 27, 2024. As of March 31, 2023, Harley-Davidson Financial Services, Inc. had no outstanding borrowings owed to Harley-Davidson, Inc. under this agreement.
Harley Davidson, Inc. also has a support agreement with Harley-Davidson Financial Services Inc. whereby, if required, the CompanyHarley-Davidson, Inc. agrees to provide Harley-Davidson Financial Services Inc. with financial support to maintain Harley-Davidson Financial Services’Services Inc.’s fixed-charge coverage at 1.25 and minimum net worth of $40.0 million. Support may be provided at the Company’sHarley-Davidson, Inc.'s option as capital contributions or loans. No amount has ever been provided to Harley-Davidson Financial Services Inc. under the support agreement.
Operating and Financial Covenants – Harley-Davidson Financial Services Inc. and the Company are subject to various operating and financial covenants related to the credit facilities and various operating covenants under the medium-term and senior notes and the U.S. and Canadian asset-backed commercial paper conduit facilities. The more significant covenants are described below.
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The operating covenants limit the Company’s and Harley-Davidson Financial Services’Services Inc’s ability to:
Assume or incur certain liens;
Participate in certain mergers or consolidations; and
Purchase or hold margin stock.
Under the current financial covenants of the Global Credit Facilities, the ratio of Harley-Davidson Financial Services’Services Inc.’s consolidated debt, excluding secured debt, to Harley-Davidson Financial Services' consolidated allowance for credit losses on finance receivables plus Harley-Davidson Financial Services’Services Inc’s consolidated shareholders' equity, excluding accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCL), cannot exceed 10.0 to 1.0 as of the end of any fiscal quarter. In addition, the ratio of the Company's consolidated debt to the Company's consolidated debt and consolidated shareholders’ equity (where the Company's consolidated debt in each case excludes that of Harley-Davidson Financial Services Inc. and its subsidiaries, and the Company's consolidated shareholders’ equity excludes AOCL), cannot exceed 0.7 to 1.0 as of the end of any fiscal quarter. No financial covenants are required under the medium-term or senior notes or the U.S. or Canadian asset-backed commercial paper conduit facilities.
As of March 27, 2022,31, 2023, Harley-Davidson Financial Services Inc. and the Company remained in compliance with all of the then existing covenants.
Cautionary Statements
Important factors that could affect future results and cause those results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following: (i) the COVID-19 pandemic, including the length and severity of the pandemic across the globe and the pace of recovery following the pandemic; and (ii) the Company’s ability to: (A)(a) execute its business plans and strategies, including The Hardwire, each of the pillars, and the evolution of LiveWire as a standalone brand, including the proposed separation of LiveWire into a separate business of the Company through the combination of LiveWire with AEA-Bridges Impact Corp. (ABIC), which includes the risks noted below; (B)(b) manage supply chain and logisticlogistics issues, including quality issues, availability of semiconductor chip components and the ability to find alternative sources of those components in a timely manner, unexpected interruptions or price increases caused by supplier volatility, raw material shortages, inflation, war or other hostilities, including the conflict in
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Ukraine, or natural disasters and longer shipping times and increased logistics costs, including by successfully implementing pricing surcharges; (C)(c) realize the expected business benefits from the combination of LiveWire with ABIC,operating as a separate public company, which may be affected by, among other things: (i)(I) the ability of LiveWire to: (1) execute its plans to develop, produce, market and sell its electric vehicles; (2) achieve profitability, which is dependent on the successful development and commercial introduction and acceptance of its electric vehicles, and its services, which may not occur; (3) adequately control the costs of its operations as a new entrant into a new space; (4) develop, maintain and strengthen its brand; (5) execute its plans to develop, produce, market and sell its electric vehicles;vehicles on expected timelines; and (6) effectively establish and maintain cooperation from its retail partners, largely drawn from the Company's traditional motorcycle dealer network, to be able to effectively establish or maintain relationships with customers for electric vehicles; (ii)(II) competition; and (iii)(III) other risks and uncertainties indicated from time to time in the final prospectus of ABIC, including those under "Risk Factors" therein, and other documents filed or to be filed with the SEC by the Company LW EV Holdings,or LiveWire Group, Inc. (HoldCo) or ABIC; (D), including those risks and uncertainties noted in Risk Factors under Item 1.A of LiveWire Group Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022; (d) accurately analyze, predict and react to changing market conditions and successfully adjust to shifting global consumer needs and interests; (E)(e) successfully access the capital and/or credit markets on terms that are acceptable to the Company and within its expectations; (F)(f) successfully carry out its global manufacturing and assembly operations; (G)(g) develop and introduce products, services and experiences on a timely basis that the market accepts, that enable the Company to generate desired sales levels and that provide the desired financial returns, including successfully implementing and executing plans to strengthen and grow its leadership position in Grand American Touring, large Cruiser and Trike, and grow its complementary businesses; (H)(h) perform in a manner that enables the Company to benefit from market opportunities while competing against existing and new competitors; (I)(i) manage ongoing risks related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as supply chain disruptions, its ability to carry out business as usual, and government actions and restrictive measures implemented in response; (j) manage the regulatory compliance matter relating to a third-party supplier's component part in a manner that avoids additional costs or recall expenses that are material; (k) successfully appeal: (i)(I) the revocation of the Binding Origin Information (BOI) decisions that allowallowed the Company to supply its European Union (EU) market with certain of its motorcycles produced at its Thailand operations at a reduced tariff rate and (ii)(II) the denial of the Company's application for temporary relief from the effect of the revocation of the BOI decisions; (J)(l) manage and predict the impact that new, reinstated or adjusted tariffs may have on the Company's ability to sell products internationally, and the cost of raw materials and components, including the temporary lifting of the Section 232 steel and aluminum tariffs and incremental tariffs on motorcycles imported into the EU from the U.S., between the U.S. and EU, which expires on December 31, 2023; (K)(m) prevent, detect and remediate any issues with its motorcycles or any issues associated with the manufacturing processes to avoid delays in new model launches, recall campaigns, regulatory agency investigations, increased warranty costs or litigation and adverse effects on its reputation and brand strength, and carry out any product programs or recalls within expected costs and timing; (L)(n) manage the impact that prices for and supply of used motorcycles may have on its business, including on retail sales of new motorcycles; (M)(o) successfully manage and reduce costs throughout the business; (N)(p) manage through changes in general economic and business conditions, including changing capital, credit and retail markets, particularly with the recent turmoil in the banking industry, and the changing domestic and international political
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environment, environments, including as a result of the conflict in Ukraine; (O)(q) continue to develop the capabilities of its distributors and dealers, effectively implement changes relating to its dealers and distribution methods and manage the risks that its dealers may have difficulty obtaining capital and managing through changing economic conditions and consumer demand; (P)(r) continue to develop and maintain a productive relationship with Zhejiang Qianjiang Motorcycle Co., Ltd. and launch related products in a timely manner; (Q)(s) maintain a productive relationship with Hero MotoCorp as a distributor and licensee of the Harley-Davidson brand name in India; (R)(t) successfully maintain a manner in which to sell motorcycles in China and the Company’s Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries that does not subject its motorcycles to incremental tariffs; (S)(u) manage its Thailand corporate and manufacturing operation in a manner that allows the Company to avail itself of preferential free trade agreements and duty rates, and sufficiently lower prices of its motorcycles in certain markets; (T)(v) accurately estimate and adjust to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices; (U)(w) retain and attract talented employees, and eliminate personnel duplication, inefficiencies and complexity throughout the organization; (V)(x) prevent a cybersecurity breach involving consumer, employee, dealer, supplier, or Company data and respond to evolving regulatory requirements regarding data security; (W)(y) manage the credit quality, the loan servicing and collection activities, and the recovery rates of Harley-Davidson Financial Services Inc.'sServices' loan portfolio; (X)(z) adjust to tax reform, healthcare inflation and reform and pension reform, and successfully estimate the impact of any such reform on the Company's business; (Y)(aa) manage through the effects inconsistent and unpredictable weather patterns may have on retail sales of motorcycles; (Z)(bb) implement and manage enterprise-wide information technology systems, including systems at its manufacturing facilities; (AA)(cc) manage changes, and prepare for, and respond to evolving requirements in legislative and regulatory environments forrelated to its products, services and operations; (BB)(dd) manage its exposure to product liability claims and commercial or contractual disputes; (CC)(ee) continue to manage the relationships and agreements that the Company has with its labor unions to help drive long-term competitiveness; (DD)(ff) achieve anticipated results with respect to the Company's pre-owned motorcycle program, Harley-Davidson Certified, and the Company's H-D1 Marketplace; (EE)Marketplace, and Apparel and Licensing; (gg) accurately predict the margins of its Motorcycles and Related Products segmentsegments in light of, among other things, tariffs, inflation, foreign currency exchange rates, the cost associated with product development initiatives and the Company's complex global supply chain; and (FF)(hh) optimize capital allocation in light of the Company's capital allocation priorities.
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priorities; and (ii) manage through the effects increased environmental, safety, emissions or other regulations or other influences may have on the business and its operating results.
The Company’s ability to sell its motorcycles and related products and services and to meet its financial expectations also depends on the ability of the Company’s dealers to sell its motorcycles and related products and services to retail customers. The Company depends on the capability and financial capacity of its dealers to develop and implement effective retail sales plans to create demand for the motorcycles and related products and services they purchase from the Company. In addition, the Company’s dealers and distributors may experience difficulties in operating their businesses and selling Harley-Davidson motorcycles and related products and services as a result of weather, economic conditions, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, or other factors.
In recent years, Harley-Davidson Financial Services has(HDFS) experienced historically low levels of retail credit losses, but there is no assurance that this will continue. Thecredit losses have been normalizing to higher levels in recent quarters. Further, the Company believes that Harley-Davidson Financial Services'HDFS's retail credit losses will increasecontinue to change over time due to among other things to factors that have contributed to recently low levels of losses,changing consumer credit behavior, macroeconomic conditions including the favorable impact of recent federal stimulus paymentsinflation, and HDFS's efforts to adjust underwriting criteria based on market and economic conditions, as well as actions that will not recurthe Company has taken and the conflict in Ukraine.could take that impact motorcycle values.
The Company's operations, demand for its products, and its liquidity could be adversely impacted by work stoppages, facility closures, strikes, natural causes, widespread infectious disease, terrorism, war or other hostilities, including the conflict in Ukraine, or other factors. Refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors and risk factorsunder Item 1.A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20212022 for a discussion of additional risk factors and a more complete discussion of some of the cautionary statements noted above.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The Company is exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates. To reduce such risks, the Company selectively uses derivative financial instruments. All hedging transactions are authorized and executed pursuant to regularly reviewed policies and procedures, which prohibit the use of financial instruments for speculative trading purposes. Sensitivity analysis is used to manage and monitor foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate risks. Further disclosure relating to the fair value of the Company's derivative financial instruments is included in Note 98 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements.
Motorcycles and Related ProductsHDMC Segment
The Company sells its motorcycles and related products internationally and in most markets those sales are made in the foreign country’s local currency. As a result, the MotorcyclesHDMC segment operating results are affected by fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies. The Company’s most significant foreign currency exchange rate risk resulting from the sale of motorcycles and related products relates to the Euro, Australian dollar, Japanese yen, Brazilian real,
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Canadian dollar, Mexican peso, Chinese yuan, Singapore dollar, Thai baht and Pound sterling. The Company utilizes foreign currency contracts to mitigate the effect of certain currencies' fluctuations on MotorcyclesHDMC segment operating results. The foreign currency contracts are entered into with banks and allow the Company to exchange currencies at a future date, based on a fixed exchange rate. There have been no material changes to the foreign currency exchange rate market risk information included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.2022.
The Company purchases commodities for the use in the production of motorcycles. As a result, MotorcyclesHDMC segment operating income is affected by changes in commodity prices. The Company uses derivative financial instruments on a limited basis to hedge the prices of certain commodities. There have been no material changes to the commodity market risk information included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.2022.
Financial ServicesLiveWire Segment
LiveWire has sold and expects to sell its electric motorcycles, electric balance bikes and related products internationally, and in most markets, those sales are made in the foreign country’s local currency. As a result, LiveWire’s operating results are affected by fluctuations in the values of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies; however, the impact of such fluctuations on LiveWire’s operations to date have not been material given the majority of LiveWire’s sales are currently in the U.S. LiveWire plans to expand its business and operations internationally and expects its exposure to currency rate risk to increase as it grows its international presence.
HDFS Segment
The Company has interest rate sensitive financial instruments including financial receivables, debt and interest rate derivative financial instruments. As a result, Financial ServicesHDFS operating income is affected by changes in interest rates. The Company
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utilizes interest rate caps to reduce the impact of fluctuations in interest rates on its asset-backed securitization transactions. There have been no material changes to the interest rate market risk information included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.2022.
Harley-Davidson Financial ServicesHDFS also has short-term commercial paper and debt issued through the commercial paper conduit facilities that is subject to changes in interest rates which it does not hedge. There have been no material changes to the interest rate market risk information included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.2022.
The Company has foreign denominated medium-term notes, and as a result, Financial ServicesHDFS operating income is affected by fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies and interest rates. At March 27, 2022,31, 2023, this exposure related to the Euro. The Company utilizes cross-currency swaps to mitigate the effect of the foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations related to foreign denominated debt. There have been no material changes to the foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate market risk information included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.2022.
Refer to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20212022 for further information concerning the Company's market risk.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures – In accordance with Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company’s management evaluated, with the participation of the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer and the Vice President, Treasurer, and Interim Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based upon their evaluation of these disclosure controls and procedures, the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Vice President, Treasurer, and Interim Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time period specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its President and Chief Executive Officer and Vice President, Treasurer, and Interim Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.
Changes in Internal Controls – There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 27, 202231, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The information required under this Item 1 of Part II is contained in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q in Note 1614 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements, and such information is incorporated herein by reference in this Item 1 of Part II.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
An investment in Harley-Davidson, Inc. involves risks, including the risk factors discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021,which have not materially changed except as set forth below.
The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine could adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and operating results. On February 24, 2022, Russian military forces launched a military action in Ukraine, and sustained conflict and disruption in the region is likely. Although the length, impact and outcome of the ongoing military conflict in Ukraine are highly unpredictable, this conflict could lead to significant market and other disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices and supply and prices of energy resources, instability in financial markets, supply chain interruptions, political and social instability, changes in consumer or purchaser preferences as well as increase in cyberattacks and espionage. Russia’s recognition of two separatist republics in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine and subsequent military action against Ukraine have led to an unprecedented expansion of sanction programs imposed by the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, Canada, Switzerland, Japan and other countries against Russia, Belarus, the Crimea Region of Ukraine, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic and the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic, including, among others: (i) blocking sanctions against some of the largest state-owned and private Russian financial institutions (and their subsequent removal from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (“SWIFT”) payment system) and certain Russian businesses, some of which have significant financial and trade ties to the European Union; (ii) blocking sanctions against Russian and Belarusian individuals, including the Russian President, other politicians and those with government connections or involved in Russian military activities; and (iii) blocking of Russia’s foreign currency reserves as well as expansion of sectoral sanctions and export and trade restrictions, limitations on investments and access to capital markets and bans on various Russian imports. The Company has suspended its business in Russia and is actively monitoring the situation and assessing its impact on its business, including its business partners and customers. While the Company has not experienced any material interruptions to its infrastructure, supplies, technology systems or networks needed to support its operations or significant costs due to the conflict, the Company cannot provide assurance that will remain the case. The Company has no way to predict the progress or outcome of the conflict in Ukraine or its impacts in Ukraine, Russia or Belarus as the conflict, and any resulting government reactions, are rapidly developing and beyond its control. The extent and duration of the military action, sanctions and resulting market disruptions could be significant and could potentially have substantial impact on the global economy and the Company's business for an unknown period of time. Any of the factors mentioned above could affect the Company's business, financial condition and operating results. The conflict could also exacerbate other risks that the Company described in Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
The Company disclaims any obligation to update these risk factors or any other forward-looking statements. The Company assumes no obligation, and specifically disclaims any such obligation, to update these risk factors or any other forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or other factors affecting such forward-looking statements.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The Company's share repurchases, which consisted of discretionary shares and shares of common stock that employees surrendered to satisfy withholding taxes in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units and performance shares, were as follows during the quarter ended March 27, 2022:31, 2023:
2022 Fiscal MonthTotal Number of
Shares Purchased
Average Price
Paid per Share
Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs
Maximum Number of
Shares that May Yet Be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs
January 1 to January 30300 $38 300 18,246,721 
January 31 to February 271,656,848 $41 1,656,848 16,947,423 
February 28 to March 274,945,120 $39 4,945,120 12,006,258 
6,602,268 $40 6,602,268 
2023 Fiscal MonthTotal Number of
Shares Purchased
Average Price
Paid per Share
Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs
Maximum Number of
Shares that May Yet Be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs
January 1 to March 31331 $42 331 9,872,167 
February 1 to February 28259,229 $49 259,229 9,872,167 
March 1 to March 312,040,212 $41 2,040,212 7,835,898 
2,299,772 $42 2,299,772 
In February 2018, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to 15.0 million shares of its common stock on a discretionary basis with no dollar limit or expiration date. In February 2020, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to 10.0 million additional shares of its common stock on a discretionary basis with no dollar limit or expiration date. The Company repurchased 6.22.0 million shares on a discretionary basis during the quarter ended March 27, 202231, 2023 under these authorizations. As of March 27, 2022, 12.031, 2023, 7.8 million shares remained under these authorizations.the 2020 authorization.
Under the share repurchase authorizations, the Company’s common stock may be purchased through any one or more of a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan and discretionary purchases on the open market, block trades, accelerated share repurchases, or privately negotiated transactions. The number of shares repurchased, if any, and the timing of repurchases will depend on a number of factors, including share price, trading volume, and general market conditions, as well as on working capital requirements, general business conditions, and other factors. The repurchase authority has no expiration date but may be suspended, modified, or discontinued at any time.
The Harley-Davidson, Inc. 2020 Incentive Stock Plan and the 2022 Aspirational Incentive Stock Plan (Incentive Plans) and predecessor stock plans permit participants to satisfy all or a portion of the statutory federal, state, and local withholding tax obligations arising in connection with plan awards by electing to (a) have the Company withhold shares otherwise issuable under the award, (b) tender back shares received in connection with such award, or (c) deliver other previously owned shares, in each case having a value equal to the amount to be withheld. During the first quarter of 2022,2023, the Company acquired 361,805263,503 shares of common stock that employees presented to the Company to satisfy withholding taxes in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units and performance shares. At the Company's 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders held May 12, 2022, the shareholders of the Company approved an amendment to the 2020 Incentive Stock Plan to increase the authorized number of shares under the Incentive Plan by 3.1 million shares. As amended, the 2020 Incentive Stock Plan provides that up to a total of 8.5 million shares of the Company's common stock may be issued thereunder.
Item 6. Exhibits
Refer to the exhibit index immediately following this page.
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Harley-Davidson, Inc.
Exhibit Index to Form 10-Q
Exhibit No.Description
Officers' Certificate, dated February 14, 2022,March 10, 2023, pursuant to Sections 102 and 301 of the Indenture, dated December 18, 2020, with the form of 3.050%6.50% Medium-Term Notes due 20272028
Second Amended and Restated 5-Year Credit Agreement,Officers' Certificate, dated asApril 3, 2023, pursuant to a fiscal agency agreement dated April 5, 2023, with the form of April 7, 2022, among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company, the financial institutions parties thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as, among other things, global administrative agent, relating to the 5-year Credit Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2020, among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company, the financial institutions parties thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as among other things, global administrative agent
Second Amended and 7-Year Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 7, 2022, among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company, the financial institutions parties thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as, among other things, global administrative agent, relating to the 7-year Credit Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2020, among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company, the financial institutions parties thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as among other things, global administrative agent
Form of Notice of Award of Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Unit Agreement and Form of Notice of Award of Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (LW) of Harley-Davidson, Inc. under the Harley-Davidson, Inc. 2020 Incentive Stock Plan first approved for use in February 2022
Form of Notice of Award of Performance Shares and Performance Shares Agreement (Standard) of Harley-Davidson, Inc. under the Harley-Davidson, Inc. 2020 Incentive Stock Plan first approved for use in February 20225.125% Guaranteed Notes due 2026
Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)
Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)
Written Statement of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350
101.INSXBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File - formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101

*Represents a management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement in which a director or named executive officer of the Company participated.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 HARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC.
Date: May 5, 202210, 2023/s/ Gina GoetterDavid W. Viney
Gina GoetterDavid W. Viney
Vice President, Treasurer, and Interim Chief Financial Officer
(Principal financial officer)
 
Date: May 5, 202210, 2023/s/ Mark R. Kornetzke
Mark R. Kornetzke
Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal accounting officer)

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