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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
______________________________________________ 
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ________________ to ________________
Commission file number 1-10667
______________________________________________ 
General Motors Financial Company, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
State of Texas 75-2291093
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
801 Cherry Street, Suite 3500, Fort Worth, Texas 76102
(Address of principal executive offices, including Zip Code)
(817) 302-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolName of each Exchange on which registered
5.250% Senior Notes due 2026GM/26New York Stock Exchange
Not applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  Q    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes  Q    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated fileroAccelerated fileroNon-accelerated filerýSmaller reporting companyoEmerging growth companyo
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  o   No  Q 
As of October 30, 2018,July 31, 2019, there were 5,050,000 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding. All shares of the registrant’s common stock are owned by General Motors Holdings LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of General Motors Company.
The registrant is a wholly-owned subsidiary of General Motors Company and meets the conditions set forth in General Instructions H(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-Q and is therefore filing this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with a reduced disclosure format as permitted by Instruction H(2).

INDEX
  Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
       PART II
 
 


Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

PART I
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Inin millions, except per share amounts) (Unaudited)(unaudited)
September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
ASSETS      
Cash and cash equivalents$4,546
 $4,265
$3,594
��$4,883
Finance receivables, net (Note 3; Note 7 VIEs)
48,080
 42,172
54,788
 52,512
Leased vehicles, net (Note 4; Note 7 VIEs)
44,128
 42,882
42,938
 43,559
Goodwill1,187
 1,197
1,188
 1,186
Equity in net assets of non-consolidated affiliates (Note 5)
1,308
 1,187
1,446
 1,355
Related party receivables (Note 2)
738
 309
710
 729
Other assets (Note 7 VIEs)
5,594
 5,003
6,162
 5,696
Total assets$105,581
 $97,015
$110,826
 $109,920
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY      
Liabilities      
Secured debt (Note 6; Note 7 VIEs)
$39,722
 $39,887
$41,047
 $42,835
Unsecured debt (Note 6)
46,655
 40,830
50,067
 48,153
Deferred income3,583
 3,221
3,695
 3,605
Related party payables (Note 2)
89
 92
71
 63
Other liabilities3,680
 2,691
3,561
 3,605
Total liabilities93,729
 86,721
98,441
 98,261
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)

 

 
Shareholders' equity (Note 10)
   
Shareholders' equity (Note 10)
   
Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share
 

 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share
 

 
Additional paid-in capital8,052
 7,525
8,077
 8,058
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(970) (768)(1,034) (1,066)
Retained earnings4,770
 3,537
5,342
 4,667
Total shareholders' equity11,852
 10,294
12,385
 11,659
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$105,581
 $97,015
$110,826
 $109,920
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Inin millions) (Unaudited)(unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018 2019 2018
Revenue              
Finance charge income$917
 $837
 $2,667
 $2,401
$1,008
 $884
 $1,995
 $1,750
Leased vehicle income2,501
 2,244
 7,445
 6,282
2,512
 2,497
 5,021
 4,944
Other income100
 80
 305
 216
119
 107
 243
 205
Total revenue3,518
 3,161
 10,417
 8,899
3,639
 3,488
 7,259
 6,899
Costs and expenses              
Salaries and benefits239
 224
 683
 621
Other operating expenses130
 122
 433
 388
Total operating expenses369
 346
 1,116
 1,009
Operating expenses377
 382
 747
 747
Leased vehicle expenses1,677
 1,670
 5,148
 4,648
1,637
 1,684
 3,451
 3,471
Provision for loan losses (Note 3)
180
 204
 444
 573
179
 128
 354
 264
Interest expense838
 672
 2,373
 1,903
952
 803
 1,899
 1,535
Total costs and expenses3,064
 2,892
 9,081
 8,133
3,145
 2,997
 6,451
 6,017
Equity income (Note 5)
44
 41
 141
 129
42
 45
 87
 97
Income from continuing operations before income taxes498
 310
 1,477
 895
Income before income taxes536
 536
 895
 979
Income tax provision (Note 11)
57
 124
 225
 260
133
 94
 221
 168
Income from continuing operations441
 186
 1,252
 635
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax (Note 12)

 16
 
 (169)
Net income$441
 $202
 $1,252
 $466
403
 442
 674
 811
       
Less: cumulative dividends on preferred stock22
 15
 45
 29
Net income attributable to common shareholder$426
 $200
 $1,208
 $464
$381
 $427
 $629
 $782
    
  

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Inin millions) (Unaudited)(unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018 2019 2018
Net income$441
 $202
 $1,252
 $466
$403
 $442
 $674
 $811
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax (Note 10)
              
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges, net of income tax (expense) benefit of $(2), $2, $(1) and $101
 (3) 19
 (14)
Defined benefit plans, net of income tax
 
 
 (1)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income tax benefit (expense) of $0, $(21), $1 and $(30)(35) 120
 (221) 318
Unrealized (loss) gain on hedges, net of income tax benefit of $6, $1, $11 and $1(18) 17
 (33) 18
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income tax expense (benefit) of $0, $0, $0 and $(1)8
 (245) 65
 (186)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax(34) 117
 (202) 303
(10) (228) 32
 (168)
Comprehensive income$407
 $319
 $1,050
 $769
$393
 $214
 $706
 $643
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSSHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Inin millions) (Unaudited)(unaudited)
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2018 2017
Cash flows from operating activities   
Net cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations$5,308
 $4,795
Net cash provided by operating activities - discontinued operations
 243
Net cash provided by operating activities5,308
 5,038
Cash flows from investing activities   
Purchases of retail finance receivables, net(17,794) (15,267)
Principal collections and recoveries on retail finance receivables12,010
 9,410
Net funding of commercial finance receivables(886) (1,557)
Purchases of leased vehicles, net(13,051) (14,809)
Proceeds from termination of leased vehicles8,094
 4,649
Other investing activities(100) (65)
Net cash used in investing activities - continuing operations(11,727) (17,639)
Net cash used in investing activities - discontinued operations
 (468)
Net cash used in investing activities(11,727) (18,107)
Cash flows from financing activities   
Net change in debt (original maturities less than three months)1,563
 (305)
Borrowings and issuances of secured debt18,541
 26,731
Payments on secured debt(18,710) (20,905)
Borrowings and issuances of unsecured debt9,552
 12,626
Payments on unsecured debt(4,423) (4,375)
Debt issuance costs(118) (131)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock492
 985
Dividends paid(59) 
Net cash provided by financing activities - continuing operations6,838
 14,626
Net cash provided by financing activities - discontinued operations
 63
Net cash provided by financing activities6,838
 14,689
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash419
 1,620
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(56) 112
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period6,567
 5,302
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$6,930
 $7,034
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash from continuing operations at end of period$6,930
 $6,469
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash from discontinued operations at end of period$
 $565
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheet:
 September 30, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents$4,546
Restricted cash included in other assets2,384
Total$6,930
 Common Stock Preferred Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Retained Earnings 
Total
Equity
Balance at January 1, 2018$
 $
 $7,525
 $(768) $3,537
 $10,294
Adoption of accounting standards
 
 
 
 40
 40
Net income
 
 
 
 369
 369
Other comprehensive income
 
 
 60
 
 60
Stock based compensation
 
 16
 
 
 16
Dividends paid
 
 
 
 (30) (30)
Other
 
 
 
 (1) (1)
Balance at March 31, 2018
 
 7,541
 (708) 3,915
 10,748
Net income
 
 
 
 442
 442
Other comprehensive loss
 
 
 (228) 
 (228)
Stock based compensation
 
 13
 
 
 13
Other
 
 
 
 1
 1
Balance at June 30, 2018$
 $
 $7,554
 $(936) $4,358
 $10,976
            
Balance at January 1, 2019$
 $
 $8,058
 $(1,066) $4,667
 $11,659
Net income
 
 
 
 271
 271
Other comprehensive income
 
 
 42
 
 42
Stock based compensation
 
 11
 
 
 11
Other
 
 
 
 1
 1
Balance at March 31, 2019
 
 8,069
 (1,024) 4,939
 11,984
Net income
 
 
 
 403
 403
Other comprehensive loss
 
 
 (10) 
 (10)
Stock based compensation
 
 8
 
 
 8
Balance at June 30, 2019$
 $
 $8,077
 $(1,034) $5,342
 $12,385
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions) (unaudited)
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018
Cash flows from operating activities   
Net cash provided by operating activities$4,293
 $3,565
Cash flows from investing activities   
Purchases of retail finance receivables, net(14,450) (11,119)
Principal collections and recoveries on retail finance receivables12,096
 7,593
Net funding of commercial finance receivables(220) (516)
Purchases of leased vehicles, net(8,189) (9,122)
Proceeds from termination of leased vehicles6,444
 5,303
Other investing activities(30) (34)
Net cash used in investing activities(4,349) (7,895)
Cash flows from financing activities   
Net change in debt (original maturities less than three months)243
 695
Borrowings and issuances of secured debt12,857
 12,405
Payments on secured debt(14,743) (13,135)
Borrowings and issuances of unsecured debt6,668
 8,431
Payments on unsecured debt(5,659) (3,783)
Debt issuance costs(78) (92)
Dividends paid(46) (30)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(758) 4,491
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(814) 161
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash22
 (60)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period7,443
 6,567
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$6,651
 $6,668
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheet:
 June 30, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents$3,594
Restricted cash included in other assets3,057
Total$6,651
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation The condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our consolidated subsidiaries, including certain special purpose entities (SPEs) utilized in secured financing transactions, which are considered variable interest entities (VIEs). All intercompany transactionsbalances and accountstransactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
On October 31, 2017, we completed the sale of certain of our European subsidiaries and branches (collectively, our European Operations) to Banque PSA Finance S.A. and BNP Paribas Personal Finance S.A. (BNP Paribas). Our European Operations are presented as discontinued operations in our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Refer to Note 12 for additional details regarding our disposal of these operations. Unless otherwise indicated, information in these notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements relates to our continuing operations.
The condensed consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, are condensed and do not include all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the U.S. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements that are included in our Annual Report on Form 10–K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017,2018, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 6, 2018 (20172019 (2018 Form 10–K). Except as otherwise specified, dollar amounts presented within tables are stated in millions.
The condensed consolidated financial statements at SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, and for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, are unaudited and, in management’s opinion, include all adjustments, which consist of normal recurring adjustments and transactions or events discretely impacting the interim periods, considered necessary by management to fairly state our results of operations. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 20172018 was derived from audited annual financial statements.
Segment Information We are the wholly-owned captive finance subsidiary of General Motors Company (GM). We offer substantially similar products and services throughout many different regions, subject to local regulations and market conditions. We evaluate our business in two operating segments: North America (the North America Segment) and International (the International Segment). Our North America Segment includes operations in the U.S. and Canada. Our International Segment includes operations in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, as well as our equity investments in joint ventures in China.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
Effective January 1, 2018,2019, we adopted ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” as amended, as incorporated into Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606,2016-02, "Leases" (ASU 2016-02) using the optional transition method, resulting in the recognition of right of use assets of $129 million, included in other assets, and lease obligations of $144 million, included in other liabilities on a modified retrospective basis by recognizing a cumulative effect adjustmentour condensed consolidated balance sheet related to our existing operating leases at January 1, 2019. We elected to apply the package of $33 million as an increase topractical expedients permitted under the opening balance of retained earnings. Undertransition guidance in the new standard, commission revenuewhich allowed us to carry forward our historical lease classification. The accounting for finance leases and expenses relatedleases where we are lessor remained substantially unchanged. The application of ASU 2016-02 had no impact on our condensed consolidated statement of income or condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.
The following table summarizes our minimum commitments under noncancelable operating leases having initial terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2018:
 Years Ending December 31,
 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total
Minimum commitments$27
 $26
 $25
 $23
 $19
 $47
 $167
Refer to certain retail finance receivables that were previously recognizedNote 9 for information on our operating leases as earned or incurred ratablyof June 30, 2019.
As lessor, we have investments in leased vehicles recorded as operating leases. Leased vehicles consist of automobiles leased to customers and are carried at amortized cost less unearned manufacturer subvention payments, which are received up front. Depreciation expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the related receivables will now be recognizedlease agreement to the estimated residual value. Manufacturer subvention is earned on a straight-line basis as a reduction to depreciation expense.
Generally, the lessee may purchase the leased vehicle at the maturity of the lease by paying the purchase price stated in fullthe lease agreement, which equals the contract residual value determined at the origination of the receivables.
Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2018-02, "Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income". ASU 2018-02 provideslease, plus any fees and all other amounts owed under the optionlease. If the lessee decides not to reclassify stranded tax effects relatedpurchase the leased vehicle, the lessee must return it to a dealer by the lease's scheduled lease maturity date. Extensions may be granted to the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the Tax Act) in accumulated other comprehensive incomelessee for up to retained earnings. The cumulative effectsix months. If the lessee extends the maturity date on their lease agreement, the lessee is responsible for additional monthly payments until the leased vehicle is returned or purchased. Since the lessee is not obligated to purchase the vehicle at the end of the adjustmentscontract, we are exposed to a risk of loss to the opening balance of retained earnings forextent the adopted standard was insignificant.
Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), Targeted Improvementscustomer returns the vehicle prior to Accounting for Hedging Activities", on a modified retrospective basis, which is intended to facilitate financial reporting that more closely reflects risk management activities and simplifiesor at the application of hedge accounting. Changes to the new guidance include expanded disclosures regarding the types of risk management strategies eligible for hedge accounting, simplifying the documentation and effectiveness assessment requirements, changing how ineffectiveness is measured, and changing the presentation and disclosure requirements for hedge accounting activities. The cumulative effectend of the adjustments tolease term and the opening balance of retained earnings for the adopted standard was insignificant.
The following change to our derivative accounting policy became effective upon adoption of ASU 2017-12:
Certain interest rate swap and foreign currency swap agreements have been designated as cash flow hedges. The risk being hedged is the foreign currency and interest rate risk related to forecasted transactions. If the contract has been designated as a cash flow hedge, the change in the fair value of the cash flow hedgevehicle is deferred in accumulated other comprehensive loss and is recognized in interest, operating and other expenses along withlower than the earnings effectresidual value estimated at inception of the hedged item whenlease.
We estimate the hedged item affects earnings.expected residual value based on third party data which considers various data points and assumptions including recent auction values, the expected future volume of returning leased vehicles, used vehicle prices, manufacturer incentive programs and fuel prices. Changes in the expected residual value result in increased or decreased depreciation of the leased asset

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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

Changes inover the remaining term of the lease. Upon disposition, a gain or loss is recorded for any difference between the net book value of the lease and the proceeds from the disposition of the asset, including any insurance proceeds. Under the accounting for impairment or disposal of long-lived assets, vehicles on operating leases are evaluated by asset group for impairment. We aggregate leased vehicles into asset groups based on make, year and model. When asset group indicators of impairment exist and aggregate future cash flows from the operating lease, including the expected realizable fair value of amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recorded currently in earnings and are presented inleased assets at the same income statement line as the earnings effectend of the hedged item.lease, are less than the book value of the lease asset group, an immediate impairment write-down is recognized if the difference is deemed not recoverable.
Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
In FebruaryJune 2016 the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases", which requires us, as the lessee, to recognize most leases on the balance sheet, thereby resulting in the recognition of the right to use assets and lease obligations for those leases currently classified as operating leases. The accounting for leases where we are the lessor remains largely unchanged. We are continuing to assess the impact of ASU 2016-02 and refine our processes to permit adoption on January 1, 2019. We plan to elect the optional transition method as well as the package of practical expedients upon adoption. We expect the primary impact to our consolidated financial position upon adoption will be the recognition, on a discounted basis, of our minimum commitments under noncancelable operating leases on our consolidated balance sheets resulting in the recording of right of use assets and lease obligations. Our minimum commitments under noncancelable operating leases are not significantly different than those disclosed in our 2017 Form 10-K.
In June 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" (ASU 2016-13), which requires entities to use a new impairment model based on current expected credit losses (CECL) rather than incurred losses. We plan to adopt ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020 on a modified retrospective basis, which will result in an increase to our allowance for credit losses and a decrease to retained earnings as of the adoption date.
We are completing a cross-functional implementation project to adjustcurrently testing and refining our risk forecasting models, assumption review processes, corporate governance controls and accounting and financial reporting for our implementation of this standard. Estimated credit losses under CECL will consider relevant information about past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectibility of the reported amount, resulting in recognition of lifetime expected credit losses upon loan origination. We expect that our allowance for credit losses will increase under CECL, though the amount of the increase is heavily dependent on the volume, credit mix and seasoning of our loan portfolio outstanding at the time of the adoption.portfolio.
Note 2. Related Party Transactions
We offer loan and lease finance products through GM-franchised dealers to customers purchasing new vehicles manufactured by GM and certain used vehicles and make commercial loans directly to GM-franchised dealers and their affiliates. We also offer commercial loans to dealers that are consolidated by GM and those balances are included in our finance receivables, net.
Under subvention programs, GM makes cash payments to us for offering incentivized rates and structures on retail loan and lease finance products. In addition, GM makes cash payments to us to cover certain interest payments on certain commercial loans. The balance in subvention receivable increased from December 31, 2017 due to a re-timing of cash payments from GM.
We purchase certain program vehicles from GM subsidiaries. We simultaneously lease these vehicles to those subsidiaries for use primarily in their ride-sharingvehicle-sharing arrangements. We account for these leases as direct-financingdirect-finance leases, sales-type leases or loans depending on the origin of the asset, all of which are included in our finance receivables, net.
We periodically purchase finance receivables from other GM subsidiaries for vehicles sold to rental car companies and for vehicles sold to certain dealerships. During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019 and 2018, we purchased $371$442 million and $280 million of these receivables from GM.GM, which are included in our finance receivables, net.
We have related party payables due to GM, primarily for commercial finance receivables originated but not yet funded.

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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

The following tables present related party transactions:
Balance Sheet DataSeptember 30, 2018 December 31, 2017June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Commercial finance receivables, net due from dealers consolidated by GM(a)
$437
 $355
$491
 $445
Direct-financing lease receivables from GM subsidiaries(a)
$125
 $88
Finance receivables from GM subsidiaries(a)
$108
 $134
Subvention receivable(b)
$735
 $306
$705
 $727
Commercial loan funding payable(c)
$86
 $90
$66
 $61
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
Income Statement Data2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018 2019 2018
Interest subvention earned on retail finance receivables(d)
$125
 $115
 $359
 $319
$133
 $122
 $264
 $234
Interest subvention earned on commercial finance receivables(d)
$17
 $14
 $50
 $42
$14
 $15
 $31
 $33
Leased vehicle subvention earned(e)
$827
 $786
 $2,438
 $2,246
$818
 $813
 $1,653
 $1,611
_________________
(a)Included in finance receivables, net.
(b)Included in related party receivables. We received subvention payments from GM of $0.9 billion and $1.1 billion for both the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019 and 2018 and 2017, and $2.8$2.0 billion and $3.3$1.7 billion for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and 2017.2018.
(c)Included in related party payables.
(d)Included in finance charge income.
(e)Included as a reduction to leased vehicle expenses.
Under the support agreement with GM (the Support Agreement), if our earning assets leverage ratio at the end of any calendar quarter exceeds the applicable threshold set in the Support Agreement, we may require GM to provide funding sufficient to bring our earning assets leverage ratio to within the applicable threshold. In determining our earning assets leverage ratio (net earning assets divided by adjusted equity) under the Support Agreement, net earning assets means our finance receivables, net, plus leased vehicles, net, and adjusted equity means our equity, net of goodwill and inclusive of outstanding junior subordinated debt, as each may be adjusted for derivative accounting from time to time.
Additionally, the Support Agreement provides that GM will own all of our outstanding voting shares as long as we have any unsecured debt securities outstanding. GM also agrees to certain provisions in the Support Agreement intended to ensure that we maintain adequate access to liquidity. Pursuant to these provisions, GM provides us with a $1.0 billion junior subordinated unsecured intercompany revolving credit facility (the Junior Subordinated Revolving Credit Facility), and GM agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that we will continue to be designated as a subsidiary borrower under GM's corporate revolving credit facilities.
OnIn April 18, 2018,2019, GM amended and restated its revolving credit facilities, consisting of a three-year, $4.0 billion facility and a five-year, $10.5 billion facility, and added arenewed the 364-day, $2.0 billion facility (the GM Revolving 364-Day Credit Facility). Also on April 18, 2018, we and GM amended the Support Agreement to, among other things, allow for irrevocable andan additional 364-day term. This facility has been allocated for exclusive access by us of no less than $2.0 billion of the GM Revolving 364-Day Credit Facility to support our liquidity.since April 2018. At SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, we had no amounts borrowed under theseany of the GM facilities.
We are included in GM's consolidated U.S. federal income tax returns and certain U.S. state returns, and we are obligated to pay GM for our share of these tax liabilities. Amounts owed to GM for income taxes are accrued and recorded as a related party payable. At SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, there are no related party taxes payable to GM.
On October 26, 2018, our Board of Directors declared a $375 million dividend on our common stock, which was paid to General Motors Holdings LLC on October 30, 2018.

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Note 3. Finance Receivables
September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Retail finance receivables      
Retail finance receivables, collectively evaluated for impairment, net of fees$35,567
 $30,574
$40,345
 $38,354
Retail finance receivables, individually evaluated for impairment, net of fees2,308
 2,228
2,354
 2,348
Total retail finance receivables, net of fees(a)
37,875
 32,802
42,699
 40,702
Less: allowance for loan losses - collective(522) (561)(540) (523)
Less: allowance for loan losses - specific(317) (328)(341) (321)
Total retail finance receivables, net37,036
 31,913
41,818
 39,858
Commercial finance receivables      
Commercial finance receivables, collectively evaluated for impairment, net of fees11,038
 10,290
12,997
 12,680
Commercial finance receivables, individually evaluated for impairment, net of fees67
 22
49
 41
Total commercial finance receivables, net of fees(b)11,105
 10,312
13,046
 12,721
Less: allowance for loan losses - collective(53) (50)(65) (63)
Less: allowance for loan losses - specific(8) (3)(11) (4)
Total commercial finance receivables, net11,044
 10,259
12,970
 12,654
Total finance receivables, net$48,080
 $42,172
$54,788
 $52,512
Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs$11,044
 10,259
$12,970
 $12,654
Fair value utilizing Level 3 inputs$36,676
 $31,919
$42,158
 $39,564
________________
(a) Net of unearned income, unamortized premiums and discounts, and deferred fees and costs of $104$44 million and $228$53 million at SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017.2018.
Retail Finance ReceivablesThree Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Allowance for retail loan losses beginning balance$815
 $844
 $889
 $765
Provision for loan losses176
 204
 434
 563
Charge-offs(285) (286) (878) (856)
Recoveries130
 135
 398
 420
Foreign currency translation3
 2
 (4) 7
Allowance for retail loan losses ending balance$839
 $899
 $839
 $899

(b) Net of dealer cash management balances of $1.1 billion and $922 million at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Rollforward of Allowance for Retail Credit QualityLoan Losses Our retail finance receivables portfolio includes loans made to consumers and businesses to finance the purchase of vehicles for personal and commercial use. We use proprietary scoring systems in the underwriting process that measure the credit quality of the receivables using several factors, such as credit bureau information, consumer credit risk scores (e.g. FICO score or its equivalent), and contract characteristics. We also consider other factors, such as employment history, financial stability and capacity to pay. A summary of the credit risk profile by FICO or equivalent scores, determined at origination, ofactivity in the allowance for retail finance receivablesloan losses is as follows:
 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
 Amount Percent Amount Percent
Prime - FICO Score 680 and greater$21,765
 57.5% $16,892
 51.5%
Near-prime - FICO Score 620 to 6795,879
 15.5
 5,226
 15.9
Sub-prime - FICO Score less than 62010,231
 27.0
 10,684
 32.6
Balance at end of period$37,875
 100.0% $32,802
 100.0%
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
Allowance for retail loan losses beginning balance$862
 $858
 $844
 $889
Provision for loan losses165
 123
 343
 258
Charge-offs(279) (298) (586) (593)
Recoveries132
 145
 277
 268
Foreign currency translation1
 (13) 3
 (7)
Allowance for retail loan losses ending balance$881
 $815
 $881
 $815


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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

In addition, weRetail Credit QualityOur retail finance receivables portfolio includes loans made to consumers and businesses to finance the purchase of vehicles for personal and commercial use. We review the credit quality of our retail finance receivables based on customer payment activity. A retail account is considered delinquent if a substantial portion of a scheduled payment has not been received by the date such payment was contractually due. Retail finance receivables are collateralized by vehicle titles and, subject to local laws, we generally have the right to repossess the vehicle in the event the customer defaults on the payment terms of the contract. The following is a consolidated summary of the contractual amounts of delinquent retail finance receivables, which is not significantly different than the recorded investment for such receivables.receivables:
September 30, 2018 September 30, 2017June 30, 2019 June 30, 2018
Amount Percent of Contractual Amount Due Amount Percent of Contractual Amount DueAmount Percent of Contractual Amount Due Amount Percent of Contractual Amount Due
31 - 60 days$1,302
 3.4% $1,176
 3.6%$1,083
 2.5% $1,178
 3.3%
Greater than 60 days498
 1.3
 521
 1.6
498
 1.2
 462
 1.3
Total finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent1,800
 4.7
 1,697
 5.2
1,581
 3.7
 1,640
 4.6
In repossession53
 0.2
 55
 0.2
48
 0.1
 57
 0.1
Total finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession$1,853
 4.9% $1,752
 5.4%$1,629
 3.8% $1,697
 4.7%
At SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, the accrual of finance charge income had been suspended on retail finance receivables with contractual amounts due of $847$838 million and $778$888 million.
Impaired Retail Finance Receivables - TDRsRetail finance receivables that become classified as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) are separately assessed for impairment. A specific allowance is estimated based on the present value of the expected future cash flows of the receivable discounted at the loan's original effective interest rate. Accounts that become classified as TDRs because of a payment deferral accrue interest at the contractual rate and an additional fee is collected (where permitted) at each time of deferral and recorded as a reduction of accrued interest. No interest or fees are forgiven on a payment deferral to a customer; therefore, there are no additional financial effects of deferred loans becoming classified as TDRs. Accounts in the U.S. in Chapter 13 bankruptcy would have already been placed on non-accrual; therefore, there are no additional financial effects from these loans becoming classified as TDRs. Finance charge income from loans classified as TDRs is accounted for in the same manner as other accruing loans. Cash collections on these loans are allocated according to the same payment hierarchy methodology applied to loans that are not classified as TDRs.
The outstanding recorded investment for retail finance receivables that are considered to be TDRs and the related allowance is presented below:
September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Outstanding recorded investment$2,308
 $2,228
$2,354
 $2,348
Less: allowance for loan losses(317) (328)(341) (321)
Outstanding recorded investment, net of allowance$1,991
 $1,900
$2,013
 $2,027
Unpaid principal balance$2,341
 $2,266
$2,382
 $2,379
Additional information about loans classified as TDRs is presented below:
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018 2019 2018
Average outstanding recorded investment$2,293
 $2,091
 $2,268
 $2,045
$2,344
 $2,238
 $2,351
 $2,253
Finance charge income recognized$59
 $56
 $185
 $173
$63
 $62
 $131
 $126
Number of loans classified as TDRs during the period17,924
 23,015
 51,020
 56,853
17,407
 19,662
 33,939
 33,096
Recorded investment of loans classified as TDRs during the period$319
 $407
 $932
 $997
$318
 $360
 $626
 $613
The unpaid principal balances,balance, net of recoveries, of loans that were charged off during the reporting period and were within 12 months of being modified as a TDR werewas insignificant for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and 2017.2018.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

Commercial Finance Receivables
Commercial Credit QualityOur commercial finance receivables consist of dealer financings, primarily for inventory purchases. Proprietary models are used to assign a risk rating to each dealer. We perform periodic credit reviews of each dealership and adjust the dealership's risk rating, if necessary. Dealers in Group VI are subject to additional restrictions on funding, including suspension of lines of credit and liquidation of assets. The following table summarizes the credit risk profile by dealer risk rating of commercial finance receivables: 
 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
 Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent
Group I-Dealers with superior financial metrics$2,109
 19.0% $1,915
 18.6%-Dealers with superior financial metrics$1,939
 14.9% $2,192
 17.2%
Group II-Dealers with strong financial metrics3,989
 35.9
 3,584
 34.7
-Dealers with strong financial metrics5,241
 40.2
 4,500
 35.4
Group III-Dealers with fair financial metrics3,413
 30.7
 3,424
 33.2
-Dealers with fair financial metrics4,108
 31.5
 4,292
 33.7
Group IV-Dealers with weak financial metrics1,021
 9.2
 1,048
 10.2
-Dealers with weak financial metrics1,229
 9.4
 1,205
 9.5
Group V-Dealers warranting special mention due to elevated risks466
 4.2
 260
 2.5
-Dealers warranting special mention due to elevated risks419
 3.2
 449
 3.5
Group VI-Dealers with loans classified as substandard, doubtful or impaired107
 1.0
 81
 0.8
-Dealers with loans classified as substandard, doubtful or impaired110
 0.8
 83
 0.7
Balance at end of periodBalance at end of period$11,105
 100.0% $10,312
 100.0%Balance at end of period$13,046
 100.0% $12,721
 100.0%
At SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, substantially all of our commercial finance receivables were current with respect to payment status. Commercial finance receivables on non-accrual status were insignificant, and none were classified as TDRs. Activity in the allowance for commercial loan losses was insignificant for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and 2017.2018.
Note 4. Leased Vehicles
September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Leased vehicles$65,233
 $62,203
$64,361
 $64,928
Manufacturer subvention(9,952) (9,468)(9,896) (9,934)
55,281
 52,735
Net capitalized cost54,465
 54,994
Less: accumulated depreciation(11,153) (9,853)(11,527) (11,435)
Leased vehicles, net$44,128
 $42,882
$42,938
 $43,559
The following table summarizes minimum rentallease payments due to us as lessor under operating leases at SeptemberJune 30, 2018:2019:
 Years Ending December 31,
 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Thereafter Total
Minimum rental payments under operating leases$1,882
 $6,260
 $3,570
 $1,077
 $97
 $6
 $12,892
 Years Ending December 31,
 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total
Lease payments under operating leases$3,610
 $5,396
 $2,817
 $629
 $40
 $1
 $12,493
Note 5. Equity in Net Assets of Non-consolidated Affiliates
We use the equity method to account for our equity interest in joint ventures. The income of these joint ventures is not consolidated into our financial statements; rather, our proportionate share of the earnings is reflected as equity income.
On August 9,There have been no significant ownership changes in our joint ventures since December 31, 2018. The following table presents certain aggregated operating data of our joint ventures:
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
Summarized Operating Data2019 2018 2019 2018
Finance charge income$344
 $315
 $694
 $622
Income before income taxes$161
 $171
 $331
 $369
Net income$121
 $129
 $248
 $277
At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we made a $51had undistributed earnings of $585 million capital investment representing a 35% equity interest in the newly-formed joint venture SAIC-GMF Leasing Co. Ltd., which was establishedand $498 million related to conduct auto leasing operations in China.our non-consolidated affiliates.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

We hold a 35% equity interest in SAIC-GMAC Automotive Finance Company Limited (SAIC-GMAC), which conducts auto finance operations in China. The following table presents summarized operating data related to SAIC-GMAC. This data represents that of the entire entity and not our proportionate share:
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
Summarized Operating Data2018 2017 2018 2017
Finance charge income$305
 $261
 $927
 $775
Provision for loan losses$4
 $2
 $13
 $(9)
Interest expense$127
 $83
 $383
 $241
Income before income taxes$168
 $157
 $537
 $490
Net income$126
 $118
 $403
 $368
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, there were no dividends received from SAIC-GMAC. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had undistributed earnings of $456 million and $315 million related to SAIC-GMAC.
Note 6. Debt
September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair ValueCarrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value
Secured debt              
Revolving credit facilities$2,327
 $2,331
 $4,694
 $4,713
$2,280
 $2,286
 $3,410
 $3,413
Securitization notes payable37,395
 37,348
 35,193
 35,235
38,767
 38,987
 39,425
 39,422
Total secured debt39,722
 39,679
 39,887
 39,948
41,047
 41,273
 42,835
 42,835
Unsecured debt              
Senior notes41,004
 41,417
 36,820
 37,969
44,864
 46,251
 42,611
 42,015
Credit facilities2,118
 2,114
 2,368
 2,375
1,785
 1,783
 2,157
 2,151
Other unsecured debt3,533
 3,531
 1,642
 1,645
3,418
 3,420
 3,385
 3,390
Total unsecured debt46,655
 47,062
 40,830
 41,989
50,067
 51,454
 48,153
 47,556
Total secured and unsecured debt$86,377
 $86,741
 $80,717
 $81,937
$91,114
 $92,727
 $90,988
 $90,391
Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs  $84,693
   $79,623
  $90,699
   $88,305
Fair value utilizing Level 3 inputs  $2,048
   $2,314
  $2,028
   $2,086
Secured Debt Most of the secured debt was issued by VIEs and is repayable only from proceeds related to the underlying pledged assets. Refer to Note 7 for further discussion.
During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, we entered into new credit facilities or renewed credit facilities with a total net additional borrowing capacity of $345$150 million, and we issued $16.3$10.4 billion in aggregate principal amount of securitization notes payable with an initial weighted average interest rate of 2.89%2.98% and legal final maturity dates ranging from 2022 to 2026.
Unsecured Debt During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, we issued $7.2$5.4 billion in aggregate principal amount of senior notes with an initial weighted average interest rate of 3.17%4.20% and maturity dates ranging from 20202021 to 2028.2029.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we launched an unsecured commercial paper notes program in the U.S. At September 30, 2018, theThe principal amount outstanding of our commercial paper in the U.S. was $1.5 billion.$1.0 billion and $1.2 billion at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
General Motors Financial Company, Inc. is the sole guarantor of its subsidiaries' unsecured debt obligations for which a guarantee is provided.
Compliance with Debt Covenants Several of our revolving credit facilities require compliance with certain financial and operational covenants as well as regular reporting to lenders, including providing certain subsidiary financial statements. Certain of our secured debt agreements also contain various covenants, including maintaining portfolio performance ratios as well as limits on deferment levels. Our unsecured debt obligations contain covenants including limitations on our ability to incur certain liens. At SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, we were in compliance with these debt covenants.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

Note 7. Variable Interest Entities
Securitizations and Credit Facilities The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities related to our consolidated VIEs:
September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Restricted cash(a)
$2,220
 $2,267
$2,588
 $2,380
Finance receivables, net of fees$29,920
 $28,364
$32,680
 $32,626
Lease related assets$21,252
 $22,222
$19,404
 $21,781
Secured debt$39,478
 $39,328
$40,845
 $42,504
_______________
(a) Included in other assets.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

These amounts are related to securitization and credit facilities held by consolidated VIEs. Our continuing involvement with these VIEs consists of servicing assets held by the entities and holding residual interests in the entities. We have determined that we are the primary beneficiary of each VIE because we hold both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact the VIEs' economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses from and the right to receive benefits of the VIEs that could potentially be significant to the VIEs. We are not required, and do not currently intend, to provide any additional financial support to these VIEs. Liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating these entities generally do not represent claims against us or our other subsidiaries and assets recognized generally are for the benefit of these entities' operations and cannot be used to satisfy our or our other subsidiaries' obligations.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

Note 8. Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
We are exposed to certain risks arising from both our business operations and economic conditions. We manage economic risks, including interest rate liquidity, and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of our assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, we enter into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. Our derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of our known or expected cash receipts and our known or expected cash payments principally related to our borrowings.
Certain of our foreign operations expose us to fluctuations of foreign interest rates and exchange rates. We primarily finance our earning assets with debt in the same currency to minimize the impact to earnings from our exposure to fluctuations in exchange rates. When we use a different currency, these fluctuations may impact the value of our cash receipts and payments in terms of our functional currency. We enter into derivative financial instruments to protect the value or fix the amount of certain assets and liabilities in terms of the relevant functional currency. The table below presents the gross amounts of fair value of our derivative instruments and the associated notional amounts:
 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
 Notional 
Fair Value of Assets(a)
 
Fair Value of Liabilities(a)
 Notional 
Fair Value of Assets(a)
 
Fair Value of Liabilities(a)
 Notional 
Fair Value of Assets(a)
 
Fair Value of Liabilities(a)
 Notional 
Fair Value of Assets(a)
 
Fair Value of Liabilities(a)
Derivatives designated as hedges                        
Fair value hedges                        
Interest rate contracts $10,510
 $5
 $510
 $11,110
 $2
 $290
Interest rate swaps $13,046
 $353
 $38
 $9,533
 $42
 $231
Foreign currency swaps 1,822
 37
 61
 1,829
 37
 60
Cash flow hedges                        
Interest rate contracts 905
 10
 
 2,177
 15
 
Interest rate swaps 504
 2
 2
 768
 8
 
Foreign currency swaps 2,108
 71
 27
 1,574
 103
 
 3,317
 30
 104
 2,075
 43
 58
Derivatives not designated as hedges                        
Interest rate contracts 93,162
 551
 670
 81,938
 329
 207
 88,912
 240
 378
 99,666
 372
 520
Foreign currency swaps 1,858
 58
 48
 1,201
 104
 
Total(b)
 $108,543
 $695
 $1,255
 $98,000
 $553
 $497
 $107,601
 $662
 $583
 $113,871
 $502
 $869
 _________________
(a)The gross amounts of the fair value of our assets and liabilities are included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively. Amounts accrued for interest payments in a net receivable position are included in other assets. Amounts accrued for interest payments in a net payable position are included in other liabilities. All our derivatives are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value for Level 2 instruments was derived using the market approach based on observable market inputs including quoted prices of similar instruments and foreign exchange and interest rate forward curves.
(b)We primarily enter into derivatives contractsderivative instruments through AmeriCredit Financial Services, Inc. (AFSI); however, our SPEs may also be parties to derivative transactions.instruments. Agreements between AFSI and its derivative counterparties include rights of setoff for positions with offsetting values or for collateral held or posted. At SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, the fair value of assets and liabilities available for offset was $459$353 million and $284$320 million. At SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, we held $55$162 million and $25$30 million and posted $718$140 million and $299$451 million of collateral available for netting.
As of September 30, 2018, theThe following amounts were recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheet related to items designated and qualifying as hedged items in fair value hedging relationships:
 September 30, 2018
 Carrying Amount of Hedged Items 
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments(a)
Unsecured debt$15,363
 $735
 Carrying Amount of
Hedged Items
 
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value
Hedging Adjustments
(a)
 June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Unsecured debt$20,545
 $17,923
 $(57) $459
 _________________
(a)Includes $178$208 million and $247 million at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 of adjustments remaining on hedged items for which hedge accounting has been discontinued.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

The table below presents the effect of our derivative financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018:income:
Income (Losses) Recognized In Income
Income (Losses) Recognized In IncomeThree Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Interest Expense(a)
 
Other Operating Expenses(b)
 
Interest Expense(a)
 
Other Operating Expenses(b)
Interest Expense(a)
 
Operating Expenses(b)
 
Interest Expense(a)
 
Operating Expenses(b)
 
Interest Expense(a)
 
Operating Expenses(b)
 
Interest Expense(a)
 
Operating Expenses(b)
Fair value hedges                      
Hedged items$68
 $
 $345
 $
Interest rate contracts(73) 
 (359) 
Hedged items - interest rate swaps$(313) $
 $69
 $
 $(523) $
 $277
 $
Interest rate swaps285
 
 (76) 
 466
 
 (286) 
Hedged items - foreign currency swaps
 (25) 
 
 
 7
 
 
Foreign currency swaps(15) 27
 
 
 (31) (4) 
 
Cash flow hedges                      
Interest rate contracts4
 
 11
 
Foreign currency contracts(14) (23) (36) (91)
Interest rate swaps1
 
 3
 
 4
 
 7
 
Foreign currency swaps(21) 18
 (13) (92) (39) (15) (22) (68)
Derivatives not designated as hedges                      
Interest rate contracts(7) 
 (2) 
(5) 
 (1) 
 (10) 
 5
 
Foreign currency contracts(15) (5) (35) (92)
Foreign currency swaps
 
 (13) (109) 
 
 (20) (87)
Total$(37) $(28) $(76) $(183)$(68) $20
 $(31) $(201) $(133) $(12) $(39) $(155)
_________________
(a)Total interest expense was $838$952 million and $2.4$803 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 and $1.9 billion and $1.5 billion for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019 and 2018.
(b)Activity is offset by translation activity also recorded in other operating expenses related to foreign currency-denominated loans. Total other operating expense was $130expenses were $377 million and $433$382 million for the three and nine months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018.
The table below presents the effect of our derivative financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:
 Income (Losses) Recognized In Income
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Fair value hedges   
Interest rate contracts(a)(b)
$9
 $38
Cash flow hedges   
Interest rate contracts(a)
2
 1
Foreign currency contracts(c)
44
 99
Derivatives not designated as hedges   
Interest rate contracts(a)
16
 7
Foreign currency contracts(c)(d)
37
 72
Total$108
 $217
_________________
(a)Recognized in earnings as interest expense.
(b)Includes hedge ineffectiveness which reflects2019 and 2018 and $747 million for both the net change in the fair value of interest rate contracts offset by the change in fair value of hedged debt attributable to the hedged risk.
(c)Recognized in earnings as other operating expensessix months ended June 30, 2019 and interest expense.
(d)Activity is partially offset by translation activity (included in other operating expenses) related to foreign currency-denominated loans.2018.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

 
Gains (Losses) Recognized In
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Cash flow hedges       
Interest rate contracts$
 $
 $5
 $1
Foreign currency contracts(10) 24
 (50) 45
Total$(10) $24
 $(45) $46
The tables below present the effect of our derivative financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income:
(Gains) Losses Reclassified From
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Into Income
(a)
Gains (Losses) Recognized In
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018 2019 2018
Fair value hedges       
Foreign currency swaps$(9) $
 $(20) $
Cash flow hedges              
Interest rate contracts$(2) $(1) $(5) $
Foreign currency contracts13
 (26) 69
 (60)
Interest rate swaps(2) 1
 (2) 5
Foreign currency swaps(19) (58) (71) (40)
Total$11
 $(27) $64
 $(60)$(30) $(57) $(93) $(35)
 
(Gains) Losses Reclassified From
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Into Income
(a)(b)
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
Fair value hedges       
Foreign currency swaps$11
 $
 $22
 $
Cash flow hedges       
Interest rate swaps(1) 
 (3) (3)
Foreign currency swaps2
 74
 41
 56
Total$12
 $74
 $60
 $53
_________________
(a)All amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss were recorded to interest expense.
(b)During the next twelve months, we estimate $14 million will be reclassified into pretax earnings from derivatives designated for hedge accounting.
Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies
Operating LeasesOur lease obligations consist primarily of real estate office space. Certain leases contain escalation clauses and renewal options, and generally our leases have no residual value guarantees or material covenants. We exclude from our balance sheet leases with a term equal to one year or less and do not separate non-lease components from our real estate leases. Rent expense under operating leases was $13 million and $18 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. At June 30, 2019, operating lease right of use assets, included in other assets, were $138 million and operating lease liabilities, included in other liabilities, were $159 million. Operating lease right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations were $27 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019. As of June 30, 2019, our undiscounted future lease obligations related to operating leases having initial terms in excess of one year are $14 million for the six months ended December 31, 2019 and $27 million, $26 million, $24 million, $20 million and $78 million for the years 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 and thereafter. The weighted average discount rate is 4.4% and the weighted average remaining lease term is 8.0 years as of June 30, 2019. Imputed interest for operating leases and variable lease costs were insignificant for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019.
Guarantees of Indebtedness At Septemberboth June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, we guaranteed approximately $1.2 billion and $2.0$1.1 billion in aggregate principal amount of Euro Medium Term Notes issued by General Motors Financial International B.V., our former subsidiary, pursuant to our Euro Medium Term Note Programme. Subject to the terms and conditions of a letter agreement with BNP Paribas in connection with the sale of certain of our European Operations, BNP Paribas will reimburse us for any amount that we may pay under any such guarantees.
Legal Proceedings We are subject to various pending and potential legal and regulatory proceedings in the ordinary course of business, including litigation, arbitration, claims, investigations, examinations, subpoenas and enforcement proceedings. Some litigation against us could take the form of class actions. The outcome of these proceedings is inherently uncertain, and thus we cannot confidently predict how or when proceedings will be resolved. An adverse outcome in one or more of these proceedings could result in substantial damages, settlements, fines, penalties, diminished income or reputational harm. We identify below the material proceedings in connection with which we believe a material loss is reasonably possible or probable.

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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

In accordance with the current accounting standards for loss contingencies, we establish reserves for legal matters when it is probable that a loss associated with the matter has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The actual costs of resolving legal matters may be higher or lower than any amounts reserved for these matters. At SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, we estimated our reasonably possible legal exposure for unfavorable outcomes is up to $70$67 million, and we have accrued $17$23 million.
In 2014 and 2015, we were served with investigative subpoenas from various state attorneys general and other governmental offices to produce documents and data relating to our automobile loan and lease business and securitization of loans and leases. We believe that we have cooperated fully with all reasonable requests for information. We are currently unable to estimate any reasonably possible loss or range of loss that may result from these investigations.
Other Administrative Tax Matters We accrue non-income tax liabilities for contingencies when management believes that a loss is probable and the amounts can be reasonably estimated, while contingent gains are recognized only when realized. In the event any losses are sustained in excess of accruals, they will be charged against income at that time.
In evaluating indirect tax matters, we take into consideration factors such as our historical experience with matters of similar nature, specific facts and circumstances, and the likelihood of prevailing. We reevaluate and update our accruals as matters progress over time. Where there is a reasonable possibility that losses exceeding amounts already recognized may be incurred, our estimate of the additional range of loss is up to $13$14 million as of September June 30, 2018.2019.

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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

Note 10. Shareholders' Equity
September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Common Stock      
Number of shares authorized10,000,000
 10,000,000
10,000,000
 10,000,000
Number of shares issued and outstanding5,050,000
 5,050,000
5,050,000
 5,050,000
On October 26, 2018, our Board of Directors declared a $375 million dividend on our common stock, which was paid to General Motors Holdings LLC on October 30, 2018.
 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Preferred Stock   
Number of shares authorized250,000,000
 250,000,000
Number of shares issued and outstanding   
Series A1,000,000
 1,000,000
Series B500,000
 
On September 24, 2018, we issued 500,000 shares, par value $0.01 per share, of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series B (Series B Preferred Stock), at a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $492 million.
Holders of Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cash dividend payments when, as and if declared by our Board of Directors (or a duly authorized committee of our Board of Directors). Dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock accrue and are payable from September 24, 2018 to, but excluding, September 30, 2028 at a rate of 6.500% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 30 and September 30 of each year, beginning on March 30, 2019. From and including September 30, 2028, holders of the Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive cash dividend payments at a floating rate equal to the then-applicable three-month U.S. Dollar LIBOR plus a spread of 3.436% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, on March 30, June 30, September 30 and December 30 of each year. Dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock are cumulative whether or not we have earnings, there are funds legally available for the payment of the dividends or the dividends are authorized or declared.
The Series B Preferred Stock does not have a maturity date. We may, at our option, redeem the shares of Series B Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at any time on or after September 30, 2028, at a price of $1,000 per share of Series B Preferred Stock plus all accumulated and unpaid dividends to, but excluding, the date of redemption.
 June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Preferred Stock   
Number of shares authorized250,000,000
 250,000,000
Number of shares issued and outstanding   
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock,
Series A (Series A Preferred Stock)
1,000,000
 1,000,000
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock,
Series B (Series B Preferred Stock)
500,000
 500,000
During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, we paid $59dividends of $29 million of dividends to holders of record of our 5.750% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative PerpetualSeries A Preferred Stock, Series A (Series A Preferred Stock). On October 26, 2018, priorand $17 million to the declarationholders of record of our common stock dividend, our BoardSeries B Preferred Stock. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we paid dividends of Directors declared a dividend$30 million to holders of $28.75 per share, $29 million in the aggregate, onrecord of our Series A Preferred Stock, payable on March 30, 2019 to holders of record as of March 15, 2019 and declared a dividend of $33.58 per share, $17 million in the aggregate, on our Series B Preferred Stock, payable on March 30, 2019 to holders of record as of March 15, 2019. Accordingly, $46 million have been set aside for the payment of these dividends.

Stock.

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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

The following table summarizes the significant components of accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018 2019 2018
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges       
Unrealized (loss) gain on hedges       
Beginning balance$34
 $6
 $16
 $17
$(6) $17
 $9
 $16
Change in value of cash flow hedges, net of tax1
 (3) 19
 (14)
Change in value of hedges, net of tax(18) 17
 (33) 18
Ending balance35
 3
 35
 3
(24) 34
 (24) 34
Defined benefit plans              
Beginning balance1
 (21) 1
 (20)1
 1
 1
 1
Unrealized gain (loss) on subsidiary pension, net of tax
 
 
 (1)
Unrealized gain on subsidiary pension, net of tax
 
 
 
Ending balance1
 (21) 1
 (21)1
 1
 1
 1
Foreign currency translation adjustment              
Beginning balance(971) (1,037) (785) (1,235)(1,019) (726) (1,076) (785)
Translation (loss) gain, net of tax(35) 120
 (221) 318
Translation gain (loss), net of tax8
 (245) 65
 (186)
Ending balance(1,006) (917) (1,006) (917)(1,011) (971) (1,011) (971)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss$(970) $(935) $(970) $(935)$(1,034) $(936) $(1,034) $(936)
Note 11. Income Taxes
For interim income tax reporting we estimate our annual effective tax rate and apply it to our year-to-date ordinary income. Tax jurisdictions with a projected or year-to-date loss for which a tax benefit cannot be realized are excluded from the annualized effective tax rate. The tax effects of unusual or infrequently occurring items, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, are reported in the interim period in which they occur.
During the three and nine months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019 and 2018, income tax expense of $57$133 million and $225$94 million primarily resulted from tax expense attributable to entities included in our effective tax rate calculation. The increase in income tax expense is due primarily to a reduction in our electrical vehicle tax credit. During the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2019 and 2018, income tax expense of $124$221 million and $260$168 million primarily resulted from tax expense attributable to entities included in our effective tax rate calculation. The increase in income tax expense is due primarily to a reduction in our electrical vehicle tax credit.
We are included in GM’s consolidated U.S. federal income tax return and for certain states’ income tax returns. Net operating losses and certain tax credits generated by us have been utilized by GM; however, income tax expense and deferred tax balances are presented in these financial statements as if we filed our own tax returns in each jurisdiction.
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Act was signed into law. The Tax Act changed many aspects of U.S. corporate income taxation, including the reduction of the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, implementation of a territorial tax system and imposition of a tax on deemed repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. At December 31, 2017, we had not completed our accounting for the tax effects of enactment of the Tax Act; however, we made a reasonable estimate of the effects on our existing deferred tax balances and the one-time transition tax. In the three months ended September 30, 2018, we filed our 2017 U.S. federal income tax return and updated our 2017 estimated tax benefit from $240 million to $286 million, primarily related to the remeasurement of transition tax as a result of proposed regulations issued in August 2018 and associated impacts to our deferred tax asset carryforwards.We will continue to assess our provision for income taxes as future guidance is issued, but do not currently anticipate significant revisions will be necessary. Any such revisions will be treated in accordance with the measurement period guidance outlined in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118.
Note 12. Discontinued Operations
On October 31, 2017, we completed the sale of certain of our European Operations to Banque PSA Finance S.A. and BNP Paribas. Refer to Note 2 - "Discontinued Operations" to our consolidated financial statements in our 2017 Form 10-K for further discussion of the terms of the agreement.

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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

The following table summarizes the results of operations of the European Operations:
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Total revenue$148
 $422
Interest expense24
 70
Other expenses75
 231
Total costs and expenses99
 301
Income from discontinued operations before income taxes49
 121
Loss on sale of discontinued operations before income taxes38
 374
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes11
 (253)
Income tax benefit(5) (84)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax$16
 $(169)
Note 13.12. Segment Reporting
Our chief operating decision maker evaluates the operating results and performance of our business based on our North America and International Segments. The management of each segment is responsible for executing our strategies. As discussed in Note 1, our European Operations are presented as discontinued operations and are excluded from our segment results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. These operations were previously included in our International Segment. Key operating data for our operating segments were as follows:
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 North
America
 International Total
Total revenue$3,217
 $301
 $3,518
Operating expenses273
 96
 369
Leased vehicle expenses1,668
 9
 1,677
Provision for loan losses146
 34
 180
Interest expense715
 123
 838
Equity income
 44
 44
Income from continuing operations before income taxes$415
 $83
 $498
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
North
America
 International TotalNorth
America
 International Total North
America
 International Total
Total revenue$2,868
 $293
 $3,161
$3,332
 $307
 $3,639
 $3,180
 $308
 $3,488
Operating expenses265
 81
 346
281
 96
 377
 276
 106
 382
Leased vehicle expenses1,662
 8
 1,670
1,627
 10
 1,637
 1,675
 9
 1,684
Provision for loan losses177
 27
 204
142
 37
 179
 90
 38
 128
Interest expense536
 136
 672
831
 121
 952
 685
 118
 803
Equity income
 41
 41

 42
 42
 
 45
 45
Income from continuing operations before income taxes$228
 $82
 $310
Income before income taxes$451
 $85
 $536
 $454
 $82
 $536

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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
North
America
 International TotalNorth
America
 International Total North
America
 International Total
Total revenue$9,482
 $935
 $10,417
$6,638
 $621
 $7,259
 $6,265
 $634
 $6,899
Operating expenses820
 296
 1,116
557
 190
 747
 547
 200
 747
Leased vehicle expenses5,121
 27
 5,148
3,430
 21
 3,451
 3,453
 18
 3,471
Provision for loan losses333
 111
 444
281
 73
 354
 187
 77
 264
Interest expense1,997
 376
 2,373
1,654
 245
 1,899
 1,282
 253
 1,535
Equity income
 141
 141

 87
 87
 
 97
 97
Income from continuing operations before income taxes$1,211
 $266
 $1,477
Income before income taxes$716
 $179
 $895
 $796
 $183
 $979
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 North
America
 International Total
Total revenue$8,042
 $857
 $8,899
Operating expenses766
 243
 1,009
Leased vehicle expenses4,631
 17
 4,648
Provision for loan losses497
 76
 573
Interest expense1,488
 415
 1,903
Equity income
 129
 129
Income from continuing operations before income taxes$660
 $235
 $895
September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
North
America
 International Total North
America
 International TotalNorth
America
 International Total North
America
 International Total
Finance receivables, net$41,477
 $6,603
 $48,080
 $35,436
 $6,736
 $42,172
$47,984
 $6,804
 $54,788
 $45,711
 $6,801
 $52,512
Leased vehicles, net$43,965
 $163
 $44,128
 $42,753
 $129
 $42,882
$42,770
 $168
 $42,938
 $43,396
 $163
 $43,559
Total assets$96,252
 $9,329
 $105,581
 $87,618
 $9,397
 $97,015
$101,147
 $9,679
 $110,826
 $100,176
 $9,744
 $109,920
Note 14.13. Regulatory Capital and Other Regulatory Matters
We are required to comply with a wide variety of laws and regulations. Certain of our entities operate in international markets as either banks or regulated finance companies that are subject to regulatory restrictions. These regulatory restrictions, among other things, require that certain of these entities meet minimum capital requirements and may restrict dividend distributions and ownership of certain assets. We were in compliance with all regulatory capital requirements as most recently reported. Total assets of our regulated international banks and finance companies were approximately $7.5$7.7 billion and $7.8$7.9 billion at SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017.2018.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-looking statements in this MD&AManagement's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) are not guarantees of future performance and may involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. Refer to the "Forward-Looking Statements" section of this MD&A and the "Risk Factors" section of our 20172018 Form 10-K for a discussion of these risks and uncertainties.
Basis of Presentation
This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A)MD&A should be read in conjunction with the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our 20172018 Form 10-K.
The European Operations are presented as discontinued operations in our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Unless otherwise indicated, information in this report relates to our continuing operations.
Except as otherwise specified, dollar amounts presented within tables are stated in millions. Average balances are calculated using daily balances, where available. Otherwise, average balances are calculated using monthly balances.
Results of Operations
Earnings before taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2019 decreased to $895 million from $979 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 due primarily to the following:
Retail finance charge income increased $151 million due primarily to an increase in the average balance of the consumer finance receivables portfolio, partially offset by a decrease in effective yield as the portfolio shifts to lower yielding prime loan assets.
Commercial finance charge income increased $94 million due to an increase in the average balance of the commercial finance receivables portfolio as well as increased interest rates on the portfolio.
Leased vehicle income net of leased vehicle expenses increased $97 million due primarily to a higher volume of lease terminations.
Provision expense increased $90 million due primarily to a decrease in the loss confirmation period and an increase in the recovery rate forecast on repossessed vehicles, both of which we recorded in the six months ended June 30, 2018.
Interest expense increased $364 million with $183 million of the increase due to an increase in the average balance of debt outstanding, and $181 million of the increase due to an increase in the effective rate of interest on debt.
Return on average common equity is widely used to measure earnings in relation to invested capital. Our return on average common equity decreased to 13.0% for the four quarters ended June 30, 2019 from 14.7% for the four quarters ended June 30, 2018 due primarily to a higher effective tax rate.
We use return on average tangible common equity (a non-GAAP measure) to measure our contribution to GM's enterprise profitability and cash flow. Our return on average tangible common equity decreased to 14.7% for the four quarters ended June 30, 2019 from 16.8% for the four quarters ended June 30, 2018 due primarily to a higher effective tax rate.
The following table presents our reconciliation of return on average tangible common equity to return on average common equity, the most directly comparable GAAP measure:
 Four Quarters Ended
 June 30, 2019 June 30, 2018
Net income attributable to common shareholder$1,351
 $1,163
Plus: loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
 239
Net income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholder$1,351
 $1,402
    
Average equity$11,722
 $10,279
Less: average preferred equity(1,363) (758)
Average common equity10,359
 9,521
Less: average goodwill(1,187) (1,198)
Average tangible common equity$9,172
 $8,323
    
Return on average common equity13.0% 14.7%
Return on average tangible common equity14.7% 16.8%

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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

Our calculation of this non-GAAP measure may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies due to potential differences between companies in the method of calculation. As a result, the use of this non-GAAP measure has limitations and should not be considered superior to, in isolation from, or as a substitute for, related U.S. GAAP measures. This non-GAAP measure allows investors the opportunity to measure and monitor our performance against our externally communicated targets and evaluate the investment decisions being made by management to improve our return on average tangible common equity. Management uses this measure in its financial, investment and operational decision-making processes, for internal reporting and as part of its forecasting and budgeting processes. For these reasons we believe this non-GAAP measure is useful for our investors.
Three Months Ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 compared to Three Months Ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018
Average Earning AssetsThree Months Ended September 30, 2018 vs. 2017 ChangeThree Months Ended June 30, 2019 vs. 2018
2018 2017 Amount Percentage2019 2018 Amount Percentage
Average retail finance receivables$36,809
 $31,796
 $5,013
 15.8 %$42,447
 $35,081
 $7,366
 21.0 %
Average commercial finance receivables10,619
 9,617
 1,002
 10.4 %12,606
 10,333
 2,273
 22.0 %
Average finance receivables47,428
 41,413
 6,015
 14.5 %55,053
 45,414
 9,639
 21.2 %
Average leased vehicles, net44,110
 40,789
 3,321
 8.1 %42,998
 43,805
 (807) (1.8)%
Average earning assets$91,538
 $82,202
 $9,336
 11.4 %$98,051
 $89,219
 $8,832
 9.9 %
              
Retail finance receivables purchased$6,668
 $4,686
 $1,982
 42.3 %$7,113
 $6,051
 $1,062
 17.6 %
Leased vehicles purchased$5,432
 $6,557
 $(1,125) (17.2)%$5,911
 $6,201
 $(290) (4.7)%
Average retail finance receivables increased due to thea higher volume of new loan originations in excess of principal collections and payoffs. Our retail penetration of GM's retail sales in the U.S. increased to 47.1% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 from 45.4% for three months ended June 30, 2018 due primarily to further alignment with GM and greater dealer engagement. Average commercial finance receivables increased due primarily to an increase in our GM-franchised dealer commercial lending relationships. Average leasedLeased vehicles net continued to increase as the volume of leases originated exceeded the depreciation and termination of leases. Our penetration of GM's retail sales in North America increased to 47% forpurchased during the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018 from 34% for the corresponding period in 2017, primarily due to further alignment with GM and greater dealer engagement. Leased vehicles purchased2019 decreased primarily as a result of a change in GM's retail sales mix.
RevenueThree Months Ended September 30, 2018 vs. 2017 ChangeThree Months Ended June 30, 2019 vs. 2018
2018 2017 Amount Percentage2019 2018 Amount Percentage
Finance charge income              
Retail finance receivables$775
 $724
 $51
 7.0%$831
 $754
 $77
 10.2 %
Commercial finance receivables$142
 $113
 $29
 25.7%$177
 $130
 $47
 36.2 %
Leased vehicle income$2,501
 $2,244
 $257
 11.5%$2,512
 $2,497
 $15
 0.6 %
Other income$100
 $80
 $20
 25.0%$119
 $107
 $12
 11.2 %
Equity income$44
 $41
 $3
 7.3%$42
 $45
 $(3) (6.7)%
Effective yield - retail finance receivables8.4% 9.0%    7.9% 8.6%    
Effective yield - commercial finance receivables5.3% 4.7%    5.6% 5.0%    
Finance charge income on retail finance receivables increased due to growth in the portfolio, partially offset by a decrease in effective yield. The effective yield on our retail finance receivables decreased due primarily to increased lending to borrowers with prime credit. The effective yield represents finance charges, rate subvention and fees recorded in earnings during the period as a percentage of average retail finance receivables. The effective yield, as a percentage of average retail finance receivables, is higher than the contractual rates of our auto finance contracts primarily because the effective yield includes, in addition to the contractual rates and fees, the impact of rate subvention provided by GM.

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Finance charge income on commercial finance receivables increased due to growth in the portfolio, including an increase in the number of dealers in our floorplan program, and an increase in the effective yield resulting from rising benchmark interest rates.
The increase in leased vehicleOther income reflects the growth of the leased asset portfolio.
The increase in other income isincreased due primarily due to an increase in investment income due to rising benchmarkhigher short-term interest rates.

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Costs and ExpensesThree Months Ended September 30, 2018 vs. 2017 ChangeThree Months Ended June 30, 2019 vs. 2018
2018 2017 Amount Percentage2019 2018 Amount Percentage
Operating expenses$369
 $346
 $23
 6.6 %$377
 $382
 $(5) (1.3)%
Leased vehicle expenses$1,677
 $1,670
 $7
 0.4 %$1,637
 $1,684
 $(47) (2.8)%
Provision for loan losses$180
 $204
 $(24) (11.8)%$179
 $128
 $51
 39.8 %
Interest expense$838
 $672
 $166
 24.7 %$952
 $803
 $149
 18.6 %
Average debt outstanding$85,591
 $78,953
 $6,638
 8.4 %$92,529
 $83,714
 $8,815
 10.5 %
Effective rate of interest on debt3.9% 3.4%    4.1% 3.8%    
Operating Expenses The increase in operating expenses relates to the growth in earning assets and investments to support origination and servicing capabilities in the U.S. Operating expenses as an annualized percentage of average earning assets decreased to 1.6%1.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 from 1.7% for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017, due primarily to efficiency gains achieved through higher earning asset levels.
Leased Vehicle Expenses Leased vehicle expenses, which are primarily comprised of depreciation of leased vehicles, increased due to the growth of the leased asset portfolio, offset by increased gains on sales of vehicles under terminated leases.
Provision for Loan Losses As an annualized percentage of average retail finance receivables, the provision for retail loan losses decreasedincreased to 1.9%1.6% for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 from 2.5%1.4% for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, due primarily to a shiftan increase in the credit mix of the portfolio to a larger percentage of prime loans as well as better than forecastedour recovery ratesrate forecast on repossessed vehicles. The provision for commercial loan losses was insignificant forvehicles we recorded in the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018 and 2017.2018.
Interest Expense Interest expense increased due primarily to an increase in the average debt outstanding resulting from growth in the loan and lease portfoliosearning assets as well as rising benchmarka higher effective rate of interest rates.on our debt.
Taxes Our consolidated effective income tax rate decreased to 12.6%was 26.9% and 19.1% of income before income taxes and equity income for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018 from 46.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2017.2019 and 2018. The decreaseincrease in the effective income tax rate is due primarily to a favorable impact from the U.S.reduction in our electrical vehicle tax reform.credit.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Foreign currency translation adjustments included in other comprehensive income (loss) income were $(35)$8 million and $120$(245) million for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and 2017.2018. Translation adjustments resulted from changes in the values of our international currency-denominated assets and liabilities as the value of the U.S. Dollar changed in relation to international currencies, particularlycurrencies. The foreign currency translation gain for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was due primarily to changes in the value of the Chinese Yuan Renminbi and the Canadian Dollar. The foreign currency translation loss for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was due primarily to changes in the value of the Brazilian Real, and the Chinese Yuan Renminbi.Renminbi, the Mexican Peso and the Canadian Dollar.

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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

NineSix Months Ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 compared to NineSix Months Ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018
Average Earning AssetsNine Months Ended September 30, 2018 vs. 2017 ChangeSix Months Ended June 30, 2019 vs. 2018
2018 2017 Amount Percentage2019 2018 Amount Percentage
Average retail finance receivables$35,130
 $29,918
 $5,212
 17.4 %$42,018
 $34,253
 $7,765
 22.7 %
Average commercial finance receivables10,302
 8,844
 1,458
 16.5 %12,389
 10,177
 2,212
 21.7 %
Average finance receivables45,432
 38,762
 6,670
 17.2 %54,407
 44,430
 9,977
 22.5 %
Average leased vehicles, net43,688
 38,282
 5,406
 14.1 %43,216
 43,498
 (282) (0.6)%
Average earning assets$89,120
 $77,044
 $12,076
 15.7 %$97,623
 $87,928
 $9,695
 11.0 %
              
Retail finance receivables purchased$17,797
 $15,546
 $2,251
 14.5 %$14,275
 $11,129
 $3,146
 28.3 %
Leased vehicles purchased$17,345
 $19,581
 $(2,236) (11.4)%$11,121
 $11,913
 $(792) (6.6)%
Average retail finance receivables increased due to thea higher volume of new loan originations in excess of principal collections and payoffs. Our retail penetration of GM's retail sales in the U.S. increased to 49.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 from 44.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 due primarily to further alignment with GM and greater dealer engagement. Average commercial finance receivables increased due primarily to an increase in our GM-franchised dealer commercial lending relationships. Average leasedLeased vehicles net continued to increase aspurchased during the volume of leases originated exceeded the depreciation and termination of leases. Our penetration of GM's retail sales in North America increased to 45% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018 from 40% for the corresponding period in 2017, primarily due to further alignment with GM and greater dealer engagement. Leased vehicles purchased2019 decreased primarily as a result of a change in GM's retail sales mix.

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RevenueNine Months Ended September 30, 2018 vs. 2017 ChangeSix Months Ended June 30, 2019 vs. 2018
2018 2017 Amount Percentage2019 2018 Amount Percentage
Finance charge income              
Retail finance receivables$2,271
 $2,098
 $173
 8.2%$1,647
 $1,496
 $151
 10.1 %
Commercial finance receivables$396
 $303
 $93
 30.7%$348
 $254
 $94
 37.0 %
Leased vehicle income$7,445
 $6,282
 $1,163
 18.5%$5,021
 $4,944
 $77
 1.6 %
Other income$305
 $216
 $89
 41.2%$243
 $205
 $38
 18.5 %
Equity income$141
 $129
 $12
 9.3%$87
 $97
 $(10) (10.3)%
Effective yield - retail finance receivables8.6% 9.4%    7.9% 8.8%    
Effective yield - commercial finance receivables5.1% 4.6%    5.7% 5.0%    
Finance charge income on retail finance receivables increased due to growth in the portfolio, partially offset by a decrease in effective yield. The effective yield on our retail finance receivables decreased due primarily to increased lending to borrowers with prime credit. The effective yield represents finance charges, rate subvention and fees recorded in earnings during the period as a percentage of average retail finance receivables. The effective yield, as a percentage of average retail finance receivables, is higher than the contractual rates of our auto finance contracts primarily because the effective yield includes, in addition to the contractual rates and fees, the impact of rate subvention provided by GM.
Finance charge income on commercial finance receivables increased due to growth in the portfolio, including an increase in the number of dealers in our floorplan program, and an increase in the effective yield resulting from rising benchmark interest rates.
The increase in leased vehicleOther income reflects the growth of the leased asset portfolio.
The increase in other income isincreased due primarily to (i) a $45 millionan increase in investment income due to rising benchmarkhigher short-term interest rates, (ii) a $30 million increase in insurance revenue primarily due to a change in the timing of the recognition of commissions and (iii) $14 million related to the administration of a vehicle purchase program, which is substantially offset in other operating expenses.

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rates.
Costs and ExpensesNine Months Ended September 30, 2018 vs. 2017 ChangeSix Months Ended June 30, 2019 vs. 2018
2018 2017 Amount Percentage2019 2018 Amount Percentage
Operating expenses$1,116
 $1,009
 $107
 10.6 %$747
 $747
 $
  %
Leased vehicle expenses$5,148
 $4,648
 $500
 10.8 %$3,451
 $3,471
 $(20) (0.6)%
Provision for loan losses$444
 $573
 $(129) (22.5)%$354
 $264
 $90
 34.1 %
Interest expense$2,373
 $1,903
 $470
 24.7 %$1,899
 $1,535
 $364
 23.7 %
Average debt outstanding$83,637
 $73,278
 $10,359
 14.1 %$92,434
 $82,611
 $9,823
 11.9 %
Effective rate of interest on debt3.8% 3.5%    4.1% 3.7%    
Operating Expenses The increase in operating expenses relates to the growth in earning assets and investments to support origination and servicing capabilities in the U.S. Operating expenses as an annualized percentage of average earning assets decreased to 1.7% from 1.8%1.5% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018, compared to2019 from 1.7% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, due primarily to efficiency gains achieved through higher earning asset levels.
Leased Vehicle Expenses Leased vehicle expenses, which are primarily comprised of depreciation of leased vehicles, increased due to the growth of the leased asset portfolio, partially offset by increased gains on sales of vehicles under terminated leases.
Provision for Loan Losses As an annualized percentage of average retail finance receivables, the provision for retail loan losses decreasedincreased to 1.7%1.6% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019 from 1.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2018, from 2.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, due primarily to a shift in the credit mix of the portfolio to a larger percentage of prime loans as well as better than forecasted recovery rates on repossessed vehicles and a decrease in the loss confirmation period.period as well as an increase in our recovery rate forecast on repossessed vehicles, both of which we recorded in the six months ended June 30, 2018. The loss confirmation period, which represents the average amount of time between when a loss event first occurs to when the receivable is charged off. The provision for commercial loan losses was insignificant foroff, decreased due to a shift in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.credit mix of the portfolio to a larger percentage of prime loans.
Interest Expense Interest expense increased due primarily to an increase in the average debt outstanding resulting from growth in the loan and lease portfoliosearning assets as well as rising benchmarka higher effective rate of interest rates.on our debt.
Taxes Our consolidated effective income tax rate decreased to 16.8%was 27.4% and 19.0% of income before income taxes and equity income for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018 from 33.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.2019 and 2018. The decreaseincrease in the effective income tax rate is due primarily to a favorable impact from the U.S.reduction in our electrical vehicle tax reform.credit.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Foreign currency translation adjustments included in other comprehensive income (loss) income were $(221)$65 million and $318$(186) million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and 2017.2018. Translation adjustments resulted from changes in the values of our international currency-denominated assets and liabilities as the value of the U.S. Dollar changed in relation to international currencies, particularlycurrencies. The foreign currency translation gain for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was due primarily to changes in the value of the Canadian Dollar and the Mexican Peso. The foreign currency translation loss for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was due primarily to changes in the value of the Brazilian Real, the Canadian Dollar and the Chinese Yuan Renminbi.

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Earning Asset Quality
Retail Finance Receivables Our retail finance receivables portfolio includes loans made to consumers and businesses to finance the purchase of vehicles for personal and commercial use. A summary of the credit risk profile by FICO score or its equivalent, determined at origination, of the retail finance receivables is as follows:
Retail Finance ReceivablesSeptember 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Amount Percent Amount Percent
Prime - FICO Score 680 and greater$26,194
 61.4% $24,434
 60.0%
Near-prime - FICO Score 620 to 6796,544
 15.3
 6,144
 15.1
Sub-prime - FICO Score less than 6209,961
 23.3
 10,124
 24.9
Retail finance receivables, net of fees$37,875
 $32,802
42,699
 100.0% 40,702
 100.0%
Less: allowance for loan losses(839) (889)(881)   (844)  
Retail finance receivables, net$37,036
 $31,913
$41,818
   $39,858
  
Number of outstanding contracts2,494,427
 2,308,826
2,678,131
   2,607,703
  
Average amount of outstanding contracts (in dollars)(a)
$15,184
 $14,207
$15,944
   $15,608
  
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of retail finance receivables, net of fees2.2% 2.7%2.1%   2.1%  
_________________ 
(a)
Average amount of outstanding contracts consists of retail finance receivables, net of fees, divided by number of outstanding contracts.
At September 30, 2018, the allowance for loan losses as a percentage of retail finance receivables, net of fees, decreased from the level at December 31, 2017 due primarily to a decrease in the loss confirmation period as well as an increase in our recovery rate forecast on repossessed vehicles. The loss confirmation period change resulted from a shift in the credit mix of the portfolio to a larger percentage of prime loans. The loss confirmation period represents the average amount of time between when a loss event first occurs to when the receivable is charged off. The recovery rate forecast change reflects stronger than expected wholesale auction values for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

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Delinquency The following is a consolidated summary of the contractual amounts of delinquent retail finance receivables:
September 30, 2018 September 30, 2017June 30, 2019 June 30, 2018
Amount Percent of Contractual Amount Due Amount Percent of Contractual Amount DueAmount Percent of Contractual Amount Due Amount Percent of Contractual Amount Due
31 - 60 days$1,302
 3.4% $1,176
 3.6%$1,083
 2.5% $1,178
 3.3%
Greater than 60 days498
 1.3
 521
 1.6
498
 1.2
 462
 1.3
Total finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent1,800
 4.7
 1,697
 5.2
1,581
 3.7
 1,640
 4.6
In repossession53
 0.2
 55
 0.2
48
 0.1
 57
 0.1
Total finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession$1,853
 4.9% $1,752
 5.4%$1,629
 3.8% $1,697
 4.7%
Overall, delinquency continues to improveDelinquency improved due primarily to the continued shift in credit mix to prime credit.
TDRs Refer to Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of TDRs.
Net Charge-offs The following table presents charge-off data with respect to our retail finance receivables portfolio:
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018 2019 2018
Charge-offs$285
 $286
 $878
 $856
$279
 $298
 $586
 $593
Less: recoveries(130) (135) (398) (420)(132) (145) (277) (268)
Net charge-offs$155
 $151
 $480
 $436
$147
 $153
 $309
 $325
Net charge-offs as an annualized percentage(a)
1.7% 1.9% 1.8% 1.9%
Net charge-offs as an annualized percentage of average retail finance receivables1.4% 1.7% 1.5% 1.9%
_________________ 
(a)Net charge-offs as an annualized percentage is calculated as a percentage of average retail finance receivables.
The recovery rate as a percentage of gross repossession charge-offs in North America was 53.6% and 52.3% foraverage retail finance receivables decreased during the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019 from the corresponding period in 2018, and 51.8% and 52.4% fordue primarily to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.shift in the portfolio toward prime credit quality.

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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

Commercial Finance ReceivablesSeptember 30, 2018 December 31, 2017June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Commercial finance receivables, net of fees$11,105
 $10,312
$13,046
 $12,721
Less: allowance for loan losses(61) (53)(76) (67)
Commercial finance receivables, net$11,044
 $10,259
$12,970
 $12,654
Number of dealers1,682
 1,538
1,809
 1,750
Average carrying amount per dealer$7
 $7
$7
 $7
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of commercial finance receivables, net of fees0.5% 0.5%0.6% 0.5%
There were insignificant charge-offs of commercial finance receivables during the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and 2017.2018. At SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, substantially all of our commercial finance receivables were current with respect to payment status and none were classified as TDRs.

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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

Leased Vehicles At SeptemberJune 30, 2019 and 2018, 99.1% and 2017, 98.8% and 99.1% of our operating leases were current with respect to payment status.
The following table summarizes the estimated residual value and the number of units included in leased vehicles, net by vehicle type (units in thousands):
September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Residual Value Units 
Percentage
of Units
 Residual Value Units Percentage
of Units
Residual Value Units 
Percentage
of Units
 Residual Value Units Percentage
of Units
Crossovers$15,887
 961
 57.6% $15,057
 917
 53.8%
Trucks7,138
 287
 17.2
 7,299
 296
 17.4
Cars$5,119
 399
 23.3% $5,701
 450
 27.2%4,137
 310
 18.6
 4,884
 379
 22.3
Trucks7,410
 300
 17.6
 7,173
 285
 17.3
Crossovers14,796
 901
 52.7
 13,723
 818
 49.5
SUVs4,156
 110
 6.4
 3,809
 99
 6.0
4,007
 110
 6.6
 4,160
 111
 6.5
Total$31,481
 1,710
 100.0% $30,406
 1,652
 100.0%$31,169
 1,668
 100.0% $31,400
 1,703
 100.0%
Used vehicle prices have held at similar levels through Septemberfor the six months ended June 30, 20182019 decreased slightly compared to 2017.the same period in 2018. We anticipate seasonal weakness inexpect used vehicle prices for the three months ending December 31, 2018, and expect ato decrease between 4% and 5% infor the full year 2019 compared to 2018, due primarily to continued increases in the industry supply of used vehicles.vehicles as well as increases in our volume of lease terminations.
The following table summarizes additional information for operating leases (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018 2019 2018
Operating leases originated141
 174
 450
 530
148
 160
 286
 309
Operating leases terminated130
 98
 393
 242
166
 139
 321
 263
Operating lease vehicles returned(a)
83
 68
 269
 163
125
 92
 242
 186
Return rate(b)
64% 69% 68% 67%
Percentage of lease vehicles returned(b)
75% 66% 75% 71%
________________ 
(a)Represents the number of vehicles returned to us for remarketing.
(b)Calculated as the number of operating leases returned divided by the number of operating leases terminated.
Operating leases originated decreased primarily as a result of a change in GM's retail sales mix. Operating leases terminated and operating lease vehicles returned increased due to the growth and maturity of the leased asset portfolio. The return rate can fluctuate based upon the level of used vehicle pricing compared to residual values at lease inception and growth and age of the lease portfolio.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
General Our primary sources of cash are finance charge income, leasing income and proceeds from the sale of terminated leased vehicles, servicing fees, net distributions from credit facilities, securitizations, secured and unsecured borrowings, and collections and recoveries on finance receivables. Our primary uses of cash are purchases of retail finance receivables and leased vehicles, the funding of commercial finance receivables, repayment of secured and unsecured debt, funding credit enhancement requirements in connection with securitizations and secured credit facilities, interest costs and operating expenses and interest costs.expenses.
Typically, our purchase and funding of retail and commercial finance receivables and leased vehicles are financed initially by utilizing cash and borrowings on our secured credit facilities. Subsequently, we typically obtain long-term financing for finance receivables and leased vehicles through securitization transactions and the issuance of unsecured debt.
Cash Flow During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net cash provided by operating activities increased due primarily to an increase in leased vehicle income, partially offset by increased interest expense and increased operating expenses.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net cash used in investing activities decreased due to an increase in proceeds received on terminated leases of $3.4 billion, increased collections and recoveries on retail finance receivables of $2.6 billion, a decrease in purchases of leased vehicles of $1.8 billion and a decrease in net fundings of commercial finance receivables of $0.7 billion, partially offset by an increase in purchases of retail finance receivables of $2.5 billion.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net cash provided by financing activities decreased due primarily to a decrease in borrowings, net of repayments, of $7.2 billion and a decrease in the issuance of preferred stock of $0.5 billion.

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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

Cash Flow During the six months ended June 30, 2019, net cash provided by operating activities increased due primarily to a decrease in net collateral posted for derivative positions of $0.7 billion as a result of favorable changes in interest rates on our collateralized derivative portfolio.
During the six months ended June 30, 2019, net cash used in investing activities decreased due primarily to increased collections and recoveries on retail finance receivables of $4.5 billion, an increase in proceeds received on terminated leases of $1.1 billion, a decrease in purchases of leased vehicles of $0.9 billion, and a decrease in funding of commercial finance receivables of $0.3 billion, partially offset by an increase in purchases of retail finance receivables of $3.3 billion.
During the six months ended June 30, 2019, net cash used in financing activities increased due primarily to an increase in payments, net of borrowings of $5.2 billion.
LiquiditySeptember 30, 2018 December 31, 2017June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents(a)
$4,546
 $4,265
$3,594
 $4,883
Borrowing capacity on unpledged eligible assets17,396
 12,533
20,037
 18,048
Borrowing capacity on committed unsecured lines of credit403
 129
435
 290
Borrowing capacity on the Junior Subordinated Revolving Credit Facility1,000
 1,000
1,000
 1,000
Borrowing capacity on the GM Revolving 364-Day Credit Facility2,000
 
2,000
 2,000
Available liquidity$25,345
 $17,927
$27,066
 $26,221
_________________
(a)
Includes $407$430 million and $656$503 million in unrestricted cash outside of the U.S. at SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017.2018. This cash is considered to be indefinitely invested based on specific plans for reinvestment of these earnings.
During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, available liquidity increased due primarily to an increase in receivables eligible to be pledgedborrowing capacity on new and a decrease in advances outstanding onrenewed secured revolving credit facilities. In addition, we added $2.0 billion in borrowing capacity onfacilities, resulting from the GM Revolving 364-Day Credit Facility as described below.issuance of securitizations and unsecured debt.
OurThe Support Agreement with GM provides that GM will use commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that we will continue to be designated as a subsidiary borrower under GM's unsecured revolving credit facilities. In April 2018,2019, GM amended and restated its revolving credit facilities, consisting of a three-year, $4.0 billion facility and a five-year, $10.5 billion facility, and added a 364-day, $2.0 billion facility. We have access to the entire $16.5 billion, subject to available capacity, with irrevocable and exclusive access to no less than $2.0 billion ofrenewed the GM Revolving 364-Day Credit Facility to support our liquidity.for an additional 364-day term. This facility has been allocated for exclusive access by us since April 2018. At SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, we had no borrowings outstanding under any of these facilities.
Credit Facilities In the normal course of business, in addition to using our available cash, we utilize borrowingsfund our operations by borrowing under our credit facilities, which may be secured and/or structured as securitizations, or may be unsecured, and weunsecured. We repay these borrowings as appropriate under our liquidity management strategy.

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At SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, credit facilities consist of the following:
Facility Type Facility Amount Advances Outstanding Facility Amount Advances Outstanding
Revolving retail asset-secured facilities(a)
 $22,158
 $2,051
 $22,639
 $2,007
Revolving commercial asset-secured facilities(b)
 3,987
 276
 3,983
 273
Total secured 26,145
 2,327
 26,622
 2,280
Unsecured committed facilities 449
 46
 435
 
Unsecured uncommitted facilities(c)
 2,072
 2,072
 1,785
 1,785
Total unsecured 2,521
 2,118
 2,220
 1,785
Junior Subordinated Revolving Credit Facility 1,000
 
 1,000
 
GM Revolving 364-Day Credit Facility(d)
 2,000
 
 2,000
 
Total $31,666
 $4,445
 $31,842
 $4,065
_________________
(a)Includes committed and uncommitted revolving credit facilities backed by retail finance receivables and leases. The financial institutions providing the uncommitted facilities are not contractually obligated to advance funds under them. We had $105$97 million in advances outstanding and $686$725 million in unused borrowing capacity on these facilities at SeptemberJune 30, 2018.2019.
(b)Includes revolving credit facilities backed by loans to dealers for floorplan financing.
(c)The financial institutions providing the uncommitted facilities are not contractually obligated to advance funds under them. We had $1.1$1.6 billion in unused borrowing capacity on these facilities at SeptemberJune 30, 2018.
(d)Does not include $14.5 billion in additional borrowing capacity available to us under GM's unsecured revolving credit facilities.2019.
Refer to Note 87 - "Debt" to our consolidated financial statements in our 20172018 Form 10-K for further discussion of the terms of our revolving credit facilities.

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Securitization Notes Payable We periodically finance our retail and commercial finance receivables and leases through public and private term securitization transactions, where the securitization markets are sufficiently developed. A summary of securitization notes payable is as follows:
Year of Transaction 
Maturity Date (a)
 
Original Note
Issuance
(b)
 Note Balance
At September 30, 2018
 
Maturity Date (a)
 
Original Note
Issuance
(b)
 Note Balance
At June 30, 2019
2014 August 2021-March 2022 $4,100
 $546
2015 May 2020-December 2023 $5,797
 1,155
 January 2021-December 2023 $5,297
 $626
2016 May 2019-September 2024 $15,405
 5,682
 March 2021-September 2024 $7,300
 1,858
2017 June 2019-May 2025 $22,486
 15,331
 August 2019-May 2025 $22,344
 10,431
2018 March 2022-April 2026 $16,426
 14,752
 June 2020-September 2026 $23,005
 16,429
2019 April 2022-November 2026 $10,426
 9,495
Total active securitizations   37,466
   38,839
Debt issuance costs   (71)   (72)
Total   $37,395
   $38,767
_________________ 
(a)Maturity dates represent legal final maturity of issued notes. The notes are expected to be paid based on amortization of the finance receivables and leases pledged.
(b)At historical foreign currency exchange rates at the time of issuance.
Our securitizations utilize SPEsspecial purpose entities which are also VIEsvariable interest entities that meet the requirements to be consolidated in our financial statements. Refer to Note 7 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Unsecured Debt We periodically access the unsecured debt capital markets through the issuance of senior unsecured notes. At SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, the aggregate principal amount of our outstanding unsecured senior notes was $41.9$45.0 billion.
We issue other unsecured debt through commercial paper offerings and other bank and non-bank funding sources. At SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, we had $3.5$3.4 billion of this type of unsecured debt outstanding.
Support Agreement At SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, our earning assets leverage ratio calculated in accordance with the terms of the Support Agreement was 8.56x8.62x and 9.49x,9.05x, and the applicable leverage ratio threshold was 11.50x. The earning assets leverage ratio decreased during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 due to growth in earnings and the issuance of preferred stock.
Dividends on Common Stock In consideration of our level of pre-tax earnings, our increasing penetration of GM retail sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and our decreased leverage ratio at September 30, 2018, our Board of Directors declared a $375 million dividend on our common stock on October 26, 2018. The dividend was paid to General Motors Holdings LLC on October 30, 2018. Following payment of the dividend, our leverage ratio remained below the applicable threshold. Future dividends are payable at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on a number of factors including, but not limited to, business and economic conditions, our financial condition, earnings, liquidity requirements and leverage ratio.

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Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains several "forward-looking statements." Forward-looking statements are those that use words such as "believe," "expect," "intend," "plan," "may," "likely," "should," "estimate," "continue," "future" or "anticipate" and other comparable expressions. These words indicate future events and trends. Forward-looking statements are our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. These forward-looking statements are subject to many assumptions, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ significantly from historical results or from those anticipated by us. The most significant risks are detailed from time to time in our filings and reports with the SEC, including our 20172018 Form 10-K. It is advisable not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to, and do not, publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, except as required by federal securities laws, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
The following factors are among those that may cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or from the forward-looking statements:
GM's ability to sell new vehicles that we finance in the markets we serve;
the viability of GM-franchised dealers that are commercial loan customers;
changes in the automotive industry that result in a change in demand for vehicles and related vehicle financing;
the sufficiency, availability and cost of sources of financing, including credit facilities, securitization programs and secured and unsecured debt issuances;
our joint ventures in China, which we cannot operate solely for our benefit and over which we have limited control;
the adequacy of our underwriting criteria for loans and leases and the level of net charge-offs, delinquencies and prepayments on the loans and leases we purchase or originate;
the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses on our finance receivables;
the effect, interpretation or application of new or existing laws, regulations, court decisions and accounting pronouncements;
adverse determinations with respect to the application of existing laws, or the results of any audits from tax authorities, as well as changes in tax laws and regulations, supervision, enforcement and licensing across various jurisdictions;
the prices at which used vehicles are sold in the wholesale auction markets;
vehicle return rates, our ability to estimate residual value at the inception of a lease and the residual value performance on vehicles we lease;
interest rate fluctuations and certain related derivatives exposure;
foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and other risks applicable to our operations outside of the U.S.;
changes to the LIBOR calculation process and potential phasing out of LIBOR;
our ability to effectively manage capital or liquidity consistent with evolving business or operational needs, risk management standards, and regulatory or supervisory requirements;
changes in local, regional, national or international economic, social or political conditions;
our ability to maintain and expand our market share due to competition in the automotive finance industry from a large number of banks, credit unions, independent finance companies and other captive automotive finance subsidiaries;
our ability to secure private customer and employee data or our proprietary information, and manage risks related to security breaches and other disruptions to our networks and systems;systems and comply with enterprise data regulations in all key market regions; and
changes in business strategy, including expansion of product lines and credit risk appetite, acquisitions and divestitures.
If one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from those expected, estimated or projected.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no material changes in our exposure to market risk since December 31, 2017.2018. Refer to Item 7A - "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" in our 20172018 Form 10-K.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported

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within the specified time periods and accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer (CEO) and principal financial officer (CFO), as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act) at SeptemberJune 30, 2018.2019. Based on

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this evaluation required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 orand 15d-15, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of SeptemberJune 30, 2018.2019.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There have not been anywere no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three monthsquarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Refer to Note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for information relating to certain legal proceedings.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the Risk Factors disclosed in our 20172018 Form 10-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits
 Incorporated by Reference
 Incorporated by Reference
     
  Filed Herewith
     
  Filed Herewith
     
  Furnished Herewith
     
101.INS XBRL Instance Document Filed Herewith
     
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document Filed Herewith
     
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document Filed Herewith
     
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document Filed Herewith
     
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document Filed Herewith
     
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document Filed Herewith

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
     General Motors Financial Company, Inc.
     (Registrant)
      
Date:October 31, 2018August 1, 2019 By: /S/    SUSAN B. SHEFFIELD        
     Susan B. Sheffield
     Executive Vice President and
     Chief Financial Officer

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