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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
______________________________________________ 
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 20222023
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ________________ to ________________
Commission file number 1-10667
______________________________________________ 
General Motors Financial Company, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Texas75-2291093
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
801 Cherry Street, Suite 3500, Fort Worth, Texas 76102
(Address of principal executive offices, including Zip Code)
(817) 302-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
5.250% Senior Notes due 2026GM/26New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filerNon-accelerated filerSmaller reporting companyEmerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes     No   
As of April 26, 2022,24, 2023, there were 5,050,000 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding. All shares of the registrant’s common stock are owned by General Motors Holdings LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of General Motors Company.
The registrant is a wholly-owned subsidiary of General Motors Company and meets the conditions set forth in General Instructions H(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-Q and is therefore filing this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with a reduced disclosure format as permitted by Instruction H(2).



INDEX
 Page
PART I
Item 1.Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Note 2. Related Party Transactions
Note 3. Finance Receivables
Note 4. Leased Vehicles
Note 5. Equity in Net Assets of Non-consolidatedNonconsolidated Affiliates
Note 6. Debt
Note 7. Variable Interest Entities and Other Transfers of Finance Receivables
Note 8. Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies
Note 10. Shareholders' Equity
Note 11. Income Taxes
Note 12. Segment Reporting
Note 13. Regulatory Capital and Other Regulatory Matters
Item 2.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 4.Controls and Procedures
       PART II
Item 1.Legal Proceedings
Item 1A.Risk Factors
Item 6.Exhibits
Signature


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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.
PART I
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except per share amounts) (Unaudited)
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021 March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
ASSETSASSETSASSETS
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$4,483 $3,948 Cash and cash equivalents$4,352 $4,005 
Finance receivables, net of allowance for loan losses $1,928 and $1,886 (Note 3;
Note 7 VIEs)
64,970 62,979 
Leased vehicles, net (Note 4; Note 7 VIEs)
36,581 37,929 
Goodwill1,176 1,169 
Equity in net assets of non-consolidated affiliates (Note 5)
1,779 1,717 
Finance receivables, net of allowance for loan losses $2,152 and $2,096
Finance receivables, net of allowance for loan losses $2,152 and $2,096
76,178 74,514 
Leased vehicles, net (Note 4; Note 7)
Leased vehicles, net (Note 4; Note 7)
31,848 32,701 
Goodwill and intangible assetsGoodwill and intangible assets1,180 1,171 
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates (Note 5)
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates (Note 5)
1,725 1,665 
Related party receivables (Note 2)
Related party receivables (Note 2)
397 301 
Related party receivables (Note 2)
639 495 
Other assets (Note 7 VIEs)
6,799 5,743 
Other assets (Note 7)
Other assets (Note 7)
7,643 7,995 
Total assetsTotal assets$116,186 $113,786 Total assets$123,565 $122,545 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITYLIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITYLIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
LiabilitiesLiabilitiesLiabilities
Secured debt (Note 6; Note 7 VIEs)
$37,362 $39,338 
Secured debt (Note 6; Note 7)
Secured debt (Note 6; Note 7)
$41,253 $42,131 
Unsecured debt (Note 6)
Unsecured debt (Note 6)
55,552 53,223 
Unsecured debt (Note 6)
56,814 54,723 
Deferred incomeDeferred income2,451 2,551 Deferred income2,250 2,248 
Related party payables (Note 2)
Related party payables (Note 2)
243 313 
Related party payables (Note 2)
457 115 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities5,575 4,567 Other liabilities7,590 8,318 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities101,182 99,992 Total liabilities108,364 107,535 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
00
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Shareholders' equity (Note 10)
Shareholders' equity (Note 10)
Shareholders' equity (Note 10)
Common stock, $0.0001 par value per shareCommon stock, $0.0001 par value per share— — Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share— — 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per sharePreferred stock, $0.01 par value per share— — Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share— — 
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital8,701 8,692 Additional paid-in capital8,749 8,742 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(1,034)(1,273)Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(1,323)(1,373)
Retained earningsRetained earnings7,337 6,375 Retained earnings7,775 7,641 
Total shareholders' equityTotal shareholders' equity15,004 13,794 Total shareholders' equity15,201 15,010 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equityTotal liabilities and shareholders' equity$116,186 $113,786 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$123,565 $122,545 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
Amounts may not add due to rounding.
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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In millions) (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
20222021 20232022
RevenueRevenueRevenue
Finance charge incomeFinance charge income$1,010 $1,016 Finance charge income$1,368 $1,010 
Leased vehicle incomeLeased vehicle income2,066 2,321 Leased vehicle income1,818 2,066 
Other incomeOther income80 70 Other income156 80 
Total revenueTotal revenue3,156 3,407 Total revenue3,343 3,156 
Costs and expensesCosts and expensesCosts and expenses
Operating expensesOperating expenses372 411 Operating expenses442 372 
Leased vehicle expensesLeased vehicle expenses855 1,244 Leased vehicle expenses1,039 855 
Provision for loan losses (Note 3)
Provision for loan losses (Note 3)
122 (26)
Provision for loan losses (Note 3)
131 122 
Interest expenseInterest expense577 650 Interest expense1,000 577 
Total costs and expensesTotal costs and expenses1,926 2,279 Total costs and expenses2,613 1,926 
Equity income (Note 5)
Equity income (Note 5)
54 54 
Equity income (Note 5)
41 54 
Income before income taxesIncome before income taxes1,284 1,182 Income before income taxes771 1,284 
Income tax provision (Note 11)
Income tax provision (Note 11)
322 304 
Income tax provision (Note 11)
186 322 
Net income962 878 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)584 962 
Less: cumulative dividends on preferred stockLess: cumulative dividends on preferred stock30 30 Less: cumulative dividends on preferred stock30 30 
Net income attributable to common shareholder$932 $848 
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholderNet income (loss) attributable to common shareholder$555 $932 

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions) (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2022202120232022
Net income$962 $878 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$584 $962 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (Note 10)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (Note 10)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (Note 10)
Unrealized gain (loss) on hedges, net of income tax benefit (expense) of $(31), $(17)95 49 
Unrealized gain (loss) on hedges, net of income tax (expense) benefit of $17, $(31)
Unrealized gain (loss) on hedges, net of income tax (expense) benefit of $17, $(31)
(52)95 
Foreign currency translation adjustmentForeign currency translation adjustment144 (72)Foreign currency translation adjustment102 144 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxOther comprehensive income (loss), net of tax238 (23)Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax49 238 
Comprehensive income (loss)Comprehensive income (loss)$1,200 $855 Comprehensive income (loss)$633 $1,200 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
Amounts may not add due to rounding.

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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In millions) (Unaudited)
Common StockPreferred StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Retained EarningsTotal
Shareholders'
Equity
Common StockPreferred StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Retained EarningsTotal
Shareholders'
Equity
Balance at January 1, 2021$— $— $8,642 $(1,309)$6,265 $13,598 
Net income— — — — 878 878 
Balance at January 1, 2022Balance at January 1, 2022$— $— $8,692 $(1,273)$6,375 $13,794 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)— — — — 962 962 
Other comprehensive income (loss)Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — (23)— (23)Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — 238 — 238 
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation— — — — Stock-based compensation— — 10 — — 10 
Dividends paid (Note 10)
— — — — (661)(661)
Balance at March 31, 2021$— $— $8,650 $(1,332)$6,482 $13,800 
Balance at March 31, 2022Balance at March 31, 2022$— $— $8,701 $(1,034)$7,337 $15,004 
Balance at January 1, 2022$— $— $8,692 $(1,273)$6,375 $13,794 
Net income— — — — 962 962 
Balance at January 1, 2023Balance at January 1, 2023$— $— $8,742 $(1,373)$7,641 $15,010 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)— — — — 584 584 
Other comprehensive income (loss)Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — 238 — 238 Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — 49 — 49 
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation— — 10 — — 10 Stock-based compensation— — — — 
Balance at March 31, 2022$— $— $8,701 $(1,034)$7,337 $15,004 
Dividends paid (Note 10)
Dividends paid (Note 10)
— — — — (450)(450)
Balance at March 31, 2023Balance at March 31, 2023$— $— $8,749 $(1,323)$7,775 $15,201 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
Amounts may not add due to rounding.
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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions) (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended March 31,
20222021
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income$962 $878 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization1,275 1,715 
Accretion and amortization of loan and leasing fees(292)(410)
Undistributed earnings of non-consolidated affiliates, net(54)(54)
Provision for loan losses122 (26)
Deferred income taxes306 216 
Stock-based compensation expense10 
Gain on termination of leased vehicles(369)(416)
Other operating activities(101)23 
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Other assets(381)48 
Other liabilities(144)(361)
Related party payables(85)(96)
Net cash provided by operating activities1,248 1,525 
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of retail finance receivables, net(8,144)(8,245)
Principal collections and recoveries on retail finance receivables6,904 5,749 
Net collections (funding) of commercial finance receivables(541)2,079 
Purchases of leased vehicles, net(2,990)(6,066)
Proceeds from termination of leased vehicles3,732 4,919 
Other investing activities(10)(17)
Net cash used in investing activities(1,048)(1,581)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net change in debt (original maturities less than three months)712 1,547 
Borrowings and issuances of secured debt6,332 8,720 
Payments on secured debt(8,367)(8,663)
Borrowings and issuances of unsecured debt4,352 4,385 
Payments on unsecured debt(2,416)(3,879)
Debt issuance costs(37)(46)
Dividends paid(59)(661)
Net cash provided by financing activities517 1,403 
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash717 1,347 
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash53 (50)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period7,183 8,126 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$7,953 $9,423 

Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)$584 $962 
Depreciation and amortization1,316 1,275 
Accretion and amortization of loan and leasing fees(315)(292)
Undistributed earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates, net(41)(54)
Provision for loan losses131 122 
Deferred income taxes(233)306 
Gain on termination of leased vehicles(206)(369)
Other operating activities(67)(92)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Other assets141 (381)
Other liabilities38 (144)
Related party payables375 (85)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities1,724 1,248 
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases and funding of finance receivables, net(9,105)(8,144)
Principal collections and recoveries on finance receivables6,774 6,904 
Net change in floorplan and other short-duration receivables734 (541)
Purchases of leased vehicles, net(3,154)(2,990)
Proceeds from termination of leased vehicles3,264 3,732 
Other investing activities(6)(10)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities(1,493)(1,048)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net change in debt (original maturities less than three months)(143)712 
Borrowings and issuances of secured debt6,960 6,332 
Payments on secured debt(7,920)(8,367)
Borrowings and issuances of unsecured debt4,526 4,352 
Payments on unsecured debt(2,670)(2,416)
Debt issuance costs(31)(37)
Dividends paid(509)(59)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities213 517 
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash443 717 
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash29 53 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period6,676 7,183 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$7,148 $7,953 
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheet:
March 31, 20222023
Cash and cash equivalents$4,4834,352 
Restricted cash included in other assets3,4702,796 
Total$7,9537,148 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
Amounts may not add due to rounding.
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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our consolidated subsidiaries, including certain special purpose entities (SPEs) utilized in secured financing transactions, which are considered variable interest entities (VIEs). All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.
The consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, are condensed and do not include all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the U.S. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021,2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 2, 2022 (2021January 31, 2023 (2022 Form 10-K). Except as otherwise specified, dollar amounts presented within tables are stated in millions. Certain columns and rows may not add due to rounding.
The condensed consolidated financial statements at March 31, 2022,2023, and for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2021,2022, are unaudited and, in management’s opinion, include all adjustments, which consist of normal recurring adjustments and transactions or events discretely impacting the interim periods, considered necessary by management to fairly state our results of operations. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 20212022 was derived from audited annual financial statements.
Segment Information We are the wholly-owned captive finance subsidiary of General Motors Company (GM). We offer substantially similar products and services throughout many different regions, subject to local regulations and market conditions. We evaluate our business in 2two operating segments: North America (the North(North America Segment) and International (the International(International Segment). Our North America Segment includes operations in the U.S. and Canada. Our International Segment includes operations in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, as well as our equity investments in joint ventures in China.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2022-02 "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures" (ASU 2022-02), which eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) by creditors that have adopted ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments."and enhances certain disclosure requirements. We adopted ASU 2016-132022-02 on a modified retrospective basis on January 1, 2020. ASU 2022-02 enhances disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, ASU 2022-02 amends2023. The impact of the guidance on vintage disclosures to require entities to disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination.
For entities that have adopted ASU 2016-13, ASU 2022-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted if an entity has adopted ASU 2016-13.
The adoption of ASU 2022-02 is not expectedwas insignificant. Refer to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.Note 3 for additional information.
Note 2. Related Party Transactions
We offer loan and lease finance products through GM-franchised dealers to customers purchasing new vehicles manufactured by GM and certain used vehicles and make commercial loans directly to GM-franchised dealers and their affiliates. We also offer commercial loans to dealers that are consolidated by GM and those balances are included in finance receivables, net.
Under subvention programs, GM makes cash payments to us for offering incentivized rates and structures on retail loan and lease finance products. In addition, GM makes cash payments to us to cover interest payments on certain commercial loans we make to GM-franchised dealers. We received subvention payments from GM of $749 million and $439 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. Subvention due from GM is recorded as a related party receivable.
Amounts due to GM for commercial finance receivables originated but not yet funded are recorded as a related party payable.
Cruise is the GM global segment responsible for the development and commercialization of autonomous vehicle technology. We have a multi-year credit agreement with Cruise whereby we may provide advances to Cruise, over time, through 2024, to fund the purchase of autonomous vehicles from GM. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Cruise had $151 million and $113 million of borrowings outstanding and access to an additional $4.5 billion in advances under the credit agreement. Amounts due from Cruise are included in finance receivables, net.
We are included in GM's consolidated U.S. federal income tax returns and certain U.S. state returns, and we are obligated to pay GM for our share of tax liabilities. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, no payments were made to GM for state and federal income taxes. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we made payments of $89 million to GM for state and federal income taxes related to the years 2021 and 2020. Amounts owed to GM for income taxes are accrued and recorded as a related party payable. In addition, amounts due to GM for commercial finance receivables originated but not yet funded are recorded as a related party payable.
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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The following tables present related party transactions:
Balance Sheet DataMarch 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Commercial finance receivables, net due from dealers consolidated by GM(a)
$122 $163 
Subvention receivable(b)
$357 $282 
Commercial loan funding payable(c)
$41 $26 
Taxes payable(c)
$194 $282 
Balance Sheet DataMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Commercial finance receivables, net due from dealers consolidated by GM$163 $187 
Cruise receivables$151 $113 
Subvention receivable$594 $469 
Commercial loan funding payable$72 $105 
Taxes payable$374 $
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
Income Statement DataIncome Statement Data20222021Income Statement Data20232022
Interest subvention earned on retail finance receivables(d)(a)
Interest subvention earned on retail finance receivables(d)(a)
$210 $179 
Interest subvention earned on retail finance receivables(d)(a)
$257 $210 
Interest subvention earned on commercial finance receivables(d)(a)
Interest subvention earned on commercial finance receivables(d)(a)
$10 $
Interest subvention earned on commercial finance receivables(d)(a)
$22 $10 
Leased vehicle subvention earned(e)(b)
Leased vehicle subvention earned(e)(b)
$547 $721 
Leased vehicle subvention earned(e)(b)
$393 $547 
_________________
(a)Included in finance receivables, net.
(b)Included in related party receivables. We received subvention payments from GM of $439 million and $1.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.
(c)Included in related party payables.
(d)Included in finance charge income.
(e)(b) Included as a reduction to leased vehicle expenses.
Under the support agreement with GM (the Support Agreement), if our earning assets leverage ratio at the end of any calendar quarter exceeds the applicable threshold set in the Support Agreement, we may require GM to provide funding sufficient to bring our earning assets leverage ratio to within the applicable threshold. In determining our earning assets leverage ratio (net earning assets divided by adjusted equity) under the Support Agreement, net earning assets means our finance receivables, net, plus leased vehicles, net, and adjusted equity means our equity, net of goodwill and inclusive of outstanding junior subordinated debt, as each may be adjusted for derivative accounting from time to time.
Additionally, the Support Agreement provides that GM will own all of our outstanding voting shares as long as we have any unsecured debt securities outstanding. GM also agrees to certain provisions in the Support Agreement intended to ensure we maintain adequate access to liquidity. Pursuant to these provisions, GM provides us with a $1.0 billion junior subordinated unsecured intercompany revolving credit facility, and GM will use commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that we will continue to be designated as a subsidiary borrower under GM's corporate revolving credit facilities. We have access, subject to available capacity, to $15.5$14.1 billion of GM's unsecured revolving credit facilities consisting of a three-year, $4.3five-year, $10.0 billion facility and a five-year, $11.2three-year, $4.1 billion facility. We also have exclusive access to GM's $2.0 billion 364-day revolving credit facility (GM Revolving 364-day Credit Facility). At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, weWe had no borrowings outstanding under any of the GM revolving credit facilities. facilities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
In April 2022,March 2023, GM renewed and reduced the total borrowing capacity of the five-year, $11.2 billion facility to $10.0 billion, which now matures on March 31, 2028. GM also renewed and reduced the total borrowing capacity of the three-year, $4.3 billion facility to $4.1 billion, which now matures on March 31, 2026, and renewed the GM Revolving 364-Day364-day Credit Facility, which now matures on April 4, 2023.
Cruise is the GM global segment responsible for the development and commercialization of autonomous vehicle technology. We have a multi-year credit agreement with Cruise whereby we may provide advances to Cruise up to an aggregate of $5.0 billion, over time, through 2024, to fund the purchase of autonomous vehicles from GM. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, Cruise had 0 borrowings outstanding under the credit agreement.30, 2024.
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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Note 3. Finance Receivables
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Retail finance receivablesRetail finance receivablesRetail finance receivables
Retail finance receivables, net of fees(a)
Retail finance receivables, net of fees(a)
$59,503 $58,093 
Retail finance receivables, net of fees(a)
$67,704 $65,322 
Less: allowance for loan lossesLess: allowance for loan losses(1,884)(1,839)Less: allowance for loan losses(2,123)(2,062)
Total retail finance receivables, netTotal retail finance receivables, net57,618 56,254 Total retail finance receivables, net65,581 63,260 
Commercial finance receivablesCommercial finance receivablesCommercial finance receivables
Commercial finance receivables, net of fees(b)
Commercial finance receivables, net of fees(b)
7,395 6,772 
Commercial finance receivables, net of fees(b)
10,627 11,288 
Less: allowance for loan lossesLess: allowance for loan losses(44)(47)Less: allowance for loan losses(29)(34)
Total commercial finance receivables, netTotal commercial finance receivables, net7,352 6,725 Total commercial finance receivables, net10,597 11,254 
Total finance receivables, netTotal finance receivables, net$64,970 $62,979 Total finance receivables, net$76,178 $74,514 
Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputsFair value utilizing Level 2 inputs$7,352 $6,725 Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs$10,597 $11,254 
Fair value utilizing Level 3 inputsFair value utilizing Level 3 inputs$57,774 $57,613 Fair value utilizing Level 3 inputs$65,165 $62,150 
________________
(a) Net of unearned income, unamortized premiums and discounts, and deferred fees and costs.
(b) Net of dealer cash management balances of $1.2$2.2 billion and $1.0$1.9 billion at March 31, 20222023 and December 31, 2021.2022.

Rollforward of Allowance for Retail Loan Losses A summary of the activity in the allowance for retail loan losses is as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2022202120232022
Allowance for retail loan losses beginning balanceAllowance for retail loan losses beginning balance$1,839 $1,915 Allowance for retail loan losses beginning balance$2,062 $1,839 
Provision for loan lossesProvision for loan losses126 (13)Provision for loan losses137 126 
Charge-offsCharge-offs(275)(253)Charge-offs(322)(275)
RecoveriesRecoveries177 149 Recoveries186 177 
Foreign currency translation18 (14)
Foreign currency translation and otherForeign currency translation and other60 18 
Allowance for retail loan losses ending balanceAllowance for retail loan losses ending balance$1,884 $1,784 Allowance for retail loan losses ending balance$2,123 $1,884 
The allowance for retail loan losses as of percentage of retail finance receivables, net was 3.1% at March 31, 2023 and 3.2% at December 31, 2022.
Retail Credit Quality Our retail finance receivables portfolio includes loans made to consumers and businesses to finance the purchase of vehicles for personal and commercial use. The following tables are consolidated summaries of the amortized cost of the retail finance receivables by FICO score or its equivalent, determined at origination, for each vintage of the portfolio at March 31, 20222023 and December 31, 2021:2022:
Year of OriginationMarch 31, 2022Year of OriginationMarch 31, 2023
20222021202020192018PriorTotalPercent 20232022202120202019PriorTotalPercent
Prime - FICO Score 680 and greaterPrime - FICO Score 680 and greater$6,019 $17,792 $11,121 $3,540 $1,912 $655 $41,039 69.0 %Prime - FICO Score 680 and greater$6,996 $20,633 $12,223 $7,149 $1,915 $914 $49,829 73.6 %
Near-prime - FICO Score 620 to 679Near-prime - FICO Score 620 to 679856 3,569 2,153 1,089 553 274 8,494 14.3 Near-prime - FICO Score 620 to 679832 3,012 2,389 1,345 599 322 8,498 12.6 
Sub-prime - FICO Score less than 620Sub-prime - FICO Score less than 620929 3,720 2,258 1,563 831 669 9,970 16.8 Sub-prime - FICO Score less than 620835 3,054 2,525 1,443 916 603 9,377 13.8 
Retail finance receivables, net of feesRetail finance receivables, net of fees$7,804 $25,081 $15,531 $6,192 $3,296 $1,599 $59,503 100.0 %Retail finance receivables, net of fees$8,663 $26,699 $17,138 $9,936 $3,429 $1,839 $67,704 100.0 %
Year of OriginationDecember 31, 2021Year of OriginationDecember 31, 2022
20212020201920182017PriorTotalPercent 20222021202020192018PriorTotalPercent
Prime - FICO Score 680 and greaterPrime - FICO Score 680 and greater$19,729 $12,408 $4,078 $2,298 $763 $143 $39,419 67.9 %Prime - FICO Score 680 and greater$22,677 $13,399 $7,991 $2,254 $1,019 $205 $47,543 72.8 %
Near-prime - FICO Score 620 to 679Near-prime - FICO Score 620 to 6793,856 2,388 1,229 648 274 84 8,479 14.6 Near-prime - FICO Score 620 to 6793,202 2,601 1,487 688 310 104 8,392 12.8 
Sub-prime - FICO Score less than 620Sub-prime - FICO Score less than 6204,053 2,528 1,777 972 570 295 10,195 17.5 Sub-prime - FICO Score less than 6203,211 2,746 1,604 1,051 496 280 9,388 14.4 
Retail finance receivables, net of feesRetail finance receivables, net of fees$27,638 $17,324 $7,084 $3,918 $1,607 $522 $58,093 100.0 %Retail finance receivables, net of fees$29,090 $18,745 $11,081 $3,992 $1,824 $589 $65,322 100.0 %
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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
We review the ongoing credit quality of our retail finance receivables based on customer payment activity. A retail account is considered delinquent if a substantial portion of a scheduled payment has not been received by the date the payment was contractually due. Retail finance receivables are collateralized by vehicle titles and, subject to local laws, we generally have the right to repossess the vehicle in the event the customer defaults on the payment terms of the contract. The following tables are consolidated summaries of the delinquency status of the outstanding amortized cost of retail finance receivables by delinquency status, for each vintage of the portfolio at March 31, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, as well as summary totals for March 31, 2021:2022. The first table also presents our current period charge-offs by vintage:
Year of OriginationMarch 31, 2022March 31, 2021Year of OriginationMarch 31, 2023March 31, 2022
20222021202020192018PriorTotalPercentTotalPercent20232022202120202019PriorTotalPercentTotalPercent
0 - 30 days0 - 30 days$7,788 $24,672 $15,197 $5,934 $3,139 $1,448 $58,179 97.8 %$52,367 98.1 %0 - 30 days$8,646 $26,262 $16,648 $9,640 $3,236 $1,676 $66,109 97.6 %$58,179 97.8 %
31 - 60 days31 - 60 days15 298 246 192 119 113 983 1.7 741 1.4 31 - 60 days17 316 363 222 146 124 1,188 1.8 983 1.7 
Greater than 60 daysGreater than 60 days— 95 79 59 34 34 302 0.5 257 0.5 Greater than 60 days104 112 68 43 36 363 0.5 302 0.5 
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquentFinance receivables more than 30 days delinquent15 393 325 251 153 148 1,285 2.2 998 1.9 Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent17 420 475 290 190 160 1,551 2.3 1,285 2.2 
In repossessionIn repossession— 16 39 0.1 32 — In repossession— 17 15 44 0.1 39 0.1 
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossessionFinance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession15 409 334 258 157 150 1,324 2.2 1,030 1.9 Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession17 437 489 296 193 162 1,595 2.4 1,324 2.2 
Retail finance receivables, net of feesRetail finance receivables, net of fees$7,804 $25,081 $15,531 $6,192 $3,296 $1,599 $59,503 100.0 %$53,397 100.0 %Retail finance receivables, net of fees$8,663 $26,699 $17,138 $9,936 $3,429 $1,839 $67,704 100.0 %$59,503 100.0 %
Charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2023Charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2023$— $102 $108 $52 $32 $28 $322 
Year of OriginationDecember 31, 2021Year of OriginationDecember 31, 2022
20212020201920182017PriorTotalPercent20222021202020192018PriorTotalPercent
0 - 30 days0 - 30 days$27,270 $16,945 $6,772 $3,721 $1,478 $440 $56,626 97.5 %0 - 30 days$28,676 $18,128 $10,702 $3,743 $1,685 $493 $63,426 97.1 %
31 - 60 days31 - 60 days273 276 230 147 97 60 1,083 1.8 31 - 60 days310 452 275 184 103 69 1,393 2.1 
Greater than 60 daysGreater than 60 days83 93 76 46 30 21 349 0.6 Greater than 60 days93 150 98 62 35 26 465 0.7 
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquentFinance receivables more than 30 days delinquent356 369 306 193 127 81 1,432 2.4 Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent403 603 373 246 138 95 1,857 2.8 
In repossessionIn repossession12 10 35 0.1 In repossession11 14 39 0.1 
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossessionFinance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession368 379 312 197 129 82 1,467 2.5 Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession414 617 380 249 140 96 1,896 2.9 
Retail finance receivables, net of feesRetail finance receivables, net of fees$27,638 $17,324 $7,084 $3,918 $1,607 $522 $58,093 100.0 %Retail finance receivables, net of fees$29,090 $18,745 $11,081 $3,992 $1,824 $589 $65,322 100.0 %
The accrual of finance charge income had been suspended on retail finance receivables with contractual amounts due of $527$585 million and $602$685 million at March 31, 20222023 and December 31, 2021.2022. Accrual of finance charge income on retail finance receivables is generally suspended on accounts that are more than 60 days delinquent, accounts in bankruptcy and accounts in repossession.
Impaired Retail Finance Receivables - TDRsLoan Modifications The outstanding amortized costUnder certain circumstances, we may agree to modify the terms of retail finance receivablesan existing loan with a borrower for various reasons, including financial difficulties. For those borrowers experiencing financial difficulties, we may provide payment deferments, term extensions or a combination thereof. A loan that areis deferred greater than six months in the preceding twelve months would be considered TDRs was $1.9 billion, including $183 million in nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2022,to be other-than-insignificantly delayed. In such circumstances, we must determine whether the modification should be accounted for as an extinguishment of the original loan and $1.9 billion, including $219 million in nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2021. For definition and additional information on TDRs, see Note 1 in our 2021 Form 10-K. Additional TDR activity is presented below:a creation of a new loan, or the continuation of the original loan with modifications.
Three Months Ended March 31,
20222021
Number of loans classified as TDRs during the period11,848 11,376 
Outstanding amortized cost of loans classified as TDRs during the period$238 $234 
The unpaid principal balances, neteffect of recoveries, of loans charged off duringthese modifications is already included in the reporting period and were within 12 months of being modified as a TDR were insignificantallowance for credit losses because our estimated allowance represents currently expected credit losses. A change to the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification.
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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The amortized cost at March 31, 2023 of the loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was insignificant. The unpaid principal balances, net of recoveries, of loans charged off during the reporting period that were modified within 12 months preceding default were insignificant for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Commercial Credit Quality Our commercial finance receivables consist of dealer financings, primarily for dealer inventory purchases. Proprietary models are used to assign a risk rating to each dealer. We perform periodic credit reviews of each dealership and adjust the dealership's risk rating, if necessary.
Our commercial risk model and risk rating categories are as follows:
Dealer Risk RatingDescription
IPerforming accounts with strong to acceptable financial metrics with at least satisfactory capacity to meet financial commitments.
IIPerforming accounts experiencing potential weakness in financial metrics and repayment prospects resulting in increased monitoring.
IIINon-Performing accounts with inadequate paying capacity for current obligations and that have the distinct possibility of creating a loss if deficiencies are not corrected.
IVNon-Performing accounts with inadequate paying capacity for current obligations and inherent weaknesses that make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable or improbable.
Dealers with III and IV risk ratings are subject to additional monitoring and restrictions on funding, including suspension of lines of credit and liquidation of assets. The following tables summarize the credit risk profile by dealer risk rating of commercial finance receivables at March 31, 20222023 and December 31, 2021:2022:
Year of OriginationMarch 31, 2022Year of OriginationMarch 31, 2023
Dealer Risk RatingDealer Risk RatingRevolving20222021202020192018PriorTotalPercentDealer Risk RatingRevolving20232022202120202019PriorTotalPercent
II$5,898 $129 $417 $416 $113 $51 $56 $7,081 95.7 %I$8,936 $116 $562 $341 $345 $98 $49 $10,446 98.3 %
IIII209 — 16 13 — 10 254 3.4 II94 — — — — — 96 0.9 
IIIIII58 — — — — 60 0.8 III59 — 15 — — 10 — 84 0.8 
IVIV— — — — — — — — — IV— — — — — — — — — 
Balance at end of periodBalance at end of period$6,165 $129 $424 $432 $126 $52 $67 $7,395 100.0 %Balance at end of period$9,089 $116 $578 $343 $345 $108 $49 $10,627 100.0 %
Year of OriginationDecember 31, 2021Year of OriginationDecember 31, 2022
Dealer Risk RatingDealer Risk RatingRevolving20212020201920182017PriorTotalPercentDealer Risk RatingRevolving20222021202020192018PriorTotalPercent
II$5,296 $433 $426 $131 $57 $50 $10 $6,403 94.6 %I$9,624 $566 $361 $372 $102 $45 $24 $11,094 98.3 %
IIII213 16 12 10 — 257 3.8 II89 — — — — — 91 0.8 
IIIIII81 15 — 112 1.6 III78 15 — — 10 — — 104 0.9 
IVIV— — — — — — — — — IV— — — — — — — — — 
Balance at end of periodBalance at end of period$5,590 $446 $457 $145 $58 $62 $14 $6,772 100.0 %Balance at end of period$9,791 $581 $363 $372 $112 $45 $25 $11,288 100.0 %
Floorplan advances comprise 94%96% and 97% of the total revolving balances at March 31, 20222023 and December 31, 2021.2022. Dealer term loans are presented by year of origination.
At March 31, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, substantially all of our commercial finance receivables were current with respect to payment status, and activity in the allowance for commercial loan losses was insignificant for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2021.2022. There were 0no commercial finance receivables on nonaccrual status and NaN were classified as TDRs at March 31, 20222023 and December 31, 2021.2022. There were no charge-offs, and no loan modifications were extended to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Note 4. Leased Vehicles
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Leased vehiclesLeased vehicles$52,401 $54,821 Leased vehicles$44,867 $46,069 
Manufacturer subventionManufacturer subvention(6,732)(7,398)Manufacturer subvention(4,876)(5,150)
Net capitalized costNet capitalized cost45,669 47,423 Net capitalized cost39,991 40,919 
Less: accumulated depreciationLess: accumulated depreciation(9,088)(9,494)Less: accumulated depreciation(8,143)(8,218)
Leased vehicles, netLeased vehicles, net$36,581 $37,929 Leased vehicles, net$31,848 $32,701 
Depreciation expense related to leased vehicles, net was $1.2 billion and $1.7 billion for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2021.2022.
The following table summarizes minimum rental payments due to us as lessor under operating leases at March 31, 2022:2023:
Years Ending December 31,
20222023202420252026ThereafterTotal
Lease payments under operating leases$4,167 $3,790 $1,546 $213 $$— $9,721 
Years Ending December 31,
20232024202520262027ThereafterTotal
Lease payments under operating leases$3,807 $3,293 $1,505 $243 $$— $8,855 
Note 5. Equity in Net Assets of Non-consolidatedNonconsolidated Affiliates
We use the equity method to account for our equity interest in joint ventures. The income of these joint ventures is not consolidated into our financial statements; rather, our proportionate share of the earnings is reflected as equity income.
There have been no ownership changes in our joint ventures since December 31, 2021.2022. The following table presents certain aggregated operating data of our joint ventures:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
Summarized Operating DataSummarized Operating Data20222021Summarized Operating Data20232022
Finance charge incomeFinance charge income$451 $430 Finance charge income$392 $451 
Income before income taxesIncome before income taxes$206 $203 Income before income taxes$155 $206 
Net incomeNet income$154 $153 Net income$116 $154 
At March 31, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, we had undistributed earnings of $794$836 million and $740$795 million related to our non-consolidatednonconsolidated affiliates.
Note 6. Debt
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Carrying AmountFair ValueCarrying AmountFair ValueCarrying AmountFair ValueCarrying AmountFair Value
Secured debtSecured debtSecured debt
Revolving credit facilitiesRevolving credit facilities$1,552 $1,551 $3,497 $3,495 Revolving credit facilities$2,839 $2,839 $3,931 $3,931 
Securitization notes payableSecuritization notes payable35,809 35,450 35,841 35,906 Securitization notes payable38,414 37,934 38,200 37,537 
Total secured debtTotal secured debt37,362 37,002 39,338 39,401 Total secured debt41,253 40,773 42,131 41,467 
Unsecured debtUnsecured debtUnsecured debt
Senior notesSenior notes47,371 46,485 45,386 46,539 Senior notes47,939 46,158 46,111 43,676 
Credit facilitiesCredit facilities1,213 1,190 1,229 1,211 Credit facilities1,587 1,563 1,473 1,448 
Other unsecured debtOther unsecured debt6,968 6,972 6,608 6,607 Other unsecured debt7,287 7,288 7,139 7,146 
Total unsecured debtTotal unsecured debt55,552 54,648 53,223 54,357 Total unsecured debt56,814 55,009 54,723 52,270 
Total secured and unsecured debtTotal secured and unsecured debt$92,913 $91,649 $92,561 $93,758 Total secured and unsecured debt$98,067 $95,782 $96,854 $93,738 
Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputsFair value utilizing Level 2 inputs$89,810 $92,250 Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs$93,799 $91,545 
Fair value utilizing Level 3 inputsFair value utilizing Level 3 inputs$1,839 $1,508 Fair value utilizing Level 3 inputs$1,983 $2,192 
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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Secured Debt Most of the secured debt was issued by VIEs and is repayable only from proceeds related to the underlying pledged assets. Refer to Note 7 for further information.
During the three months ended March 31, 2022,2023, we renewed credit facilities with a total borrowing capacity of $1.9$1.8 billion, and we issued $5.2$5.1 billion in aggregate principal amount of securitization notes payable with an initial weighted average interest rate of 1.74%5.25% and maturity dates ranging from 20232027 to 2029.2032.
Unsecured Debt During the three months ended March 31, 2022,2023, we issued $3.7$3.2 billion in aggregate principal amount of senior notes with an initial weighted average interest rate of 2.40%5.41% and maturity dates ranging from 20242026 to 2032.2033.
General Motors Financial Company, Inc. is the sole guarantor of its subsidiaries' unsecured debt obligations for which a guarantee is provided.
Compliance with Debt Covenants Several of our revolving credit facilities require compliance with certain financial and operational covenants as well as regular reporting to lenders, including providing certain subsidiary financial statements. Certain of our secured debt agreements also contain various covenants, including maintaining portfolio performance ratios as well as limits on deferment levels. Our unsecured debt obligations contain covenants including limitations on our ability to incur certain liens. At March 31, 2022,2023, we were in compliance with these debt covenants.
Note 7. Variable Interest Entities and Other Transfers of Finance Receivables
Securitizations and Credit Facilities The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities related to our consolidated VIEs:
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Restricted cash(a)
Restricted cash(a)
$2,952 $2,740 
Restricted cash(a)
$2,638 $2,535 
Finance receivables, net of feesFinance receivables, net of fees$30,387 $31,940 Finance receivables, net of fees$38,109 $38,774 
Lease related assetsLease related assets$16,148 $16,143 Lease related assets$16,414 $18,456 
Secured debtSecured debt$37,288 $39,277 Secured debt$41,312 $42,188 
_______________
(a) Included in other assets.
We use SPEs that are considered VIEs to issue variable funding notes to third-party, bank-sponsored warehouse facilities or asset-backed securities to investors in securitization transactions. The debt issued by these VIEs is backed by finance receivables and leasing-related assets transferred to the VIEs. We determined that we are the primary beneficiary of the VIEs because our servicing responsibilities give us the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the performance of the VIEs and our variable interests in the VIEs give us the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive residual returns that could potentially be significant. The respective assets of the VIEs serve as the sole source of repayment for the debt issued by these entities. Investors in the notes issued by the VIEs do not have recourse to us or our other assets, with the exception of customary representation and warranty repurchase provisions and indemnities that we provide as the servicer. We are not required, and do not currently intend, to provide any additional financial support to these VIEs. While these subsidiaries are included in our condensed consolidated financial statements, these subsidiaries are separate legal entities and the finance receivables, lease-related assets and cash held by these subsidiaries are legally owned by them and are not available to our creditors or creditors of our other subsidiaries.
Other Transfers of Finance Receivables Under certain debt agreements, we transfer finance receivables to entities that we do not control through majority voting interest or through contractual arrangements. These transfers do not meet the criteria to be considered sales under GAAP; therefore, the finance receivables and the related debt are included in our condensed consolidated financial statements, similar to the treatment of finance receivables and related debt of our consolidated VIEs. Any collections received on the transferred receivables are available only for the repayment of the related debt. At March 31, 20222023 and December 31, 2021, $167 million and $500 million2022, an insignificant amount in finance receivables had been transferred in secured funding arrangements to third-party banks, relating to $139 million and $125 millionan insignificant amount in secured debt outstanding.
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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Note 8. Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
We are exposed to certain risks arising from both our business operations and economic conditions. We manage economic risks, including interest rate risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of our assets and liabilities and by using derivative financial instruments. Specifically, we enter into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. Our derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of our known or expected cash receipts and our known or expected cash payments principally related to our borrowings.
Certain of our foreign operations expose us to fluctuations of foreign interest rates and exchange rates. We primarily finance our earning assets with debt in the same currency to minimize the impact to earnings from our exposure to fluctuations in exchange rates. When we use a different currency, these fluctuations may impact the value of our cash receipts and payments in terms of our functional currency. We enter into derivative financial instruments to protect the value or fix the amount of certain assets and liabilities in terms of the relevant functional currency.
The table below presents the gross fair value amounts of our derivative financial instruments and the associated notional amounts:
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021 March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
NotionalFair Value of AssetsFair Value of LiabilitiesNotionalFair Value of AssetsFair Value of LiabilitiesNotionalFair Value of AssetsFair Value of LiabilitiesNotionalFair Value of AssetsFair Value of Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedgesDerivatives designated as hedgesDerivatives designated as hedges
Fair value hedgesFair value hedgesFair value hedges
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swaps$19,310 $11 $345 $15,058 $74 $88 Interest rate swaps$16,559 $$334 $19,950 $— $821 
Foreign currency swaps— — — 682 — 59 
Cash flow hedgesCash flow hedgesCash flow hedges
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swaps709 17 611 12 Interest rate swaps1,637 33 1,434 34 
Foreign currency swapsForeign currency swaps7,945 79 221 7,419 85 201 Foreign currency swaps8,013 497 6,852 — 586 
Derivatives not designated as hedgesDerivatives not designated as hedgesDerivatives not designated as hedges
Interest rate contractsInterest rate contracts108,709 1,245 797 110,053 846 339 Interest rate contracts114,353 1,924 2,073 113,975 2,268 1,984 
Foreign currency contracts— — — 148 — — 
TotalTotal$136,674 $1,353 $1,368 $133,971 $1,017 $691 Total$140,562 $1,968 $2,907 $142,212 $2,302 $3,392 
 The gross amounts of the fair value of our derivative instruments that are classified as assets or liabilities are included in other assets or other liabilities, respectively. Amounts accrued for interest payments in a net receivable position are included in other assets. Amounts accrued for interest payments in a net payable position are included in other liabilities. All our derivatives are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value for Level 2 instruments was derived using the market approach based on observable market inputs including quoted prices of similar instruments and foreign exchange and interest rate forward curves.
We primarily enter into derivative instruments through AmeriCredit Financial Services, Inc. (AFSI); however, our SPEs may also be parties to derivative instruments. Agreements between AFSI and its derivative counterparties include rights of setoff for positions with offsetting values or for collateral held or posted. At March 31, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, the fair value of derivative instruments that are classified as assets or liabilities available for offset was $778 million$1.2 billion and $505 million.$1.3 billion. At March 31, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, we held $323$480 million and $376$553 million of collateral from counterparties that was available for netting against our asset positions. At March 31, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, we posted $432 millionhad $1.2 billion and $45 million$1.5 billion of collateral posted to counterparties that was available for netting against our liability positions.
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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The following amounts were recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheet related to items designated and qualifying as hedged items in fair value hedging relationships:
Carrying Amount of
Hedged Items
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value
Hedging Adjustments
(a)
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Unsecured debt$26,157 $24,964 $153 $(226)
Carrying Amount of
Hedged Items
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value
Hedging Adjustments
(a)
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Unsecured debt$29,257 $28,319 $752 $781 
 _________________
(a)Includes $196$470 million and $246$86 million of unamortized gainslosses remaining on hedged items for which hedge accounting has been discontinued at March 31, 20222023 and December 31, 2021.2022.
The table below presents the effect of our derivative financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of income:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2022202120232022
Interest Expense(a)
Operating Expenses(b)
Interest Expense(a)
Operating Expenses(b)
Interest Expense(a)
Operating Expenses(b)
Interest Expense(a)
Operating Expenses(b)
Fair value hedgesFair value hedgesFair value hedges
Hedged items - interest rate swapsHedged items - interest rate swaps$376 $— $352 $— Hedged items - interest rate swaps$(29)$— $376 $— 
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swaps(340)— (335)— Interest rate swaps46 — (340)— 
Hedged items - foreign currency swaps(c)
Hedged items - foreign currency swaps(c)
— 23 — 77 
Hedged items - foreign currency swaps(c)
— — — 23 
Foreign currency swapsForeign currency swaps(2)(24)(5)(76)Foreign currency swaps— — (2)(24)
Cash flow hedgesCash flow hedgesCash flow hedges
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swaps— (5)— Interest rate swaps— — 
Hedged items - foreign currency swaps(c)
Hedged items - foreign currency swaps(c)
— 160 — 190 
Hedged items - foreign currency swaps(c)
— (136)— 160 
Foreign currency swapsForeign currency swaps(38)(160)(30)(190)Foreign currency swaps(37)136 (38)(160)
Derivatives not designated as hedgesDerivatives not designated as hedgesDerivatives not designated as hedges
Interest rate contractsInterest rate contracts— — 20 — Interest rate contracts52 — — — 
Total income (losses) recognized$(2)$— $(3)$
Total income (loss) recognizedTotal income (loss) recognized$40 $— $(2)$— 
_________________
(a)Total interest expense was $577 million$1.0 billion and $650$577 million for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2021.2022.
(b)Total operating expenses were $372$442 million and $411$372 million for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2021.2022.
(c)Transaction activity recorded in operating expenses related to foreign currency-denominated loans.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The tables below present the effect of our derivative financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss):income:
 Gains (Losses) Recognized In
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 Gains (Losses) Recognized In
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2022202120232022
Fair value hedgesFair value hedgesFair value hedges
Foreign currency swapsForeign currency swaps$(2)$(3)Foreign currency swaps$— $(2)
Cash flow hedgesCash flow hedgesCash flow hedges
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swapsInterest rate swaps
Foreign currency swapsForeign currency swaps(57)(125)Foreign currency swaps29 (57)
TotalTotal$(55)$(123)Total$30 $(55)
(Gains) Losses Reclassified From Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Into Income
(Gains) Losses Reclassified From Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Into Income (Loss)
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2022202120232022
Fair value hedgesFair value hedgesFair value hedges
Foreign currency swapsForeign currency swaps$$Foreign currency swaps$— $
Cash flow hedgesCash flow hedgesCash flow hedges
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swaps(1)Interest rate swaps(7)(1)
Foreign currency swapsForeign currency swaps149 166 Foreign currency swaps(76)149 
TotalTotal$150 $172 Total$(82)$150 
All amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were recorded to interest expense. During the next 12 months, we estimate an insignificant amount$33 million in losses will be reclassified into pre-tax earnings from derivatives designated for hedge accounting.
Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings We are subject to various pending and potential legal and regulatory proceedings in the ordinary course of business, including litigation, arbitration, claims, investigations, examinations, subpoenas and enforcement proceedings. Some litigation against us could take the form of class actions. The outcome of these proceedings is inherently uncertain, and thus we cannot confidently predict how or when proceedings will be resolved. An adverse outcome in one or more of these proceedings could result in substantial damages, settlements, fines, penalties, diminished income or reputational harm.
In accordance with the current accounting standards for loss contingencies, we establish reserves for legal matters when it is probable that a loss associated with the matter has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The actual costs of resolving legal matters may be higher or lower than any amounts reserved for these matters. At March 31, 2022,2023, we estimated our reasonably possible legal exposure for unfavorable outcomes isto be approximately $259$168 million, and we have accrued $146$143 million.
Other Administrative Tax Matters We accrue non-income tax liabilities for contingencies when management believes that a loss is probable and the amounts can be reasonably estimated, while contingent gains are recognized only when realized. In the event any losses are sustained in excess of accruals, they will be charged against income at that time.
In evaluating indirect tax matters, we take into consideration factors such as our historical experience with matters of similar nature, specific facts and circumstances, and the likelihood of prevailing. We reevaluate and update our accruals as matters progress over time, where there is a reasonable possibility that losses exceeding amounts already recognized may be incurred. Our estimate of the additional range of loss is up to $68$79 million at March 31, 2022.2023.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Note 10. Shareholders' Equity
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Common StockCommon StockCommon Stock
Number of shares authorizedNumber of shares authorized10,000,000 10,000,000 Number of shares authorized10,000,000 10,000,000 
Number of shares issued and outstandingNumber of shares issued and outstanding5,050,000 5,050,000 Number of shares issued and outstanding5,050,000 5,050,000 
During the three months ended March 31, 2021,2023, our Board of Directors declared and paid dividends of $600$450 million on our common stock to General Motors Holdings LLC.
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Preferred StockPreferred StockPreferred Stock
Number of shares authorizedNumber of shares authorized250,000,000 250,000,000 Number of shares authorized250,000,000 250,000,000 
Number of shares issued and outstandingNumber of shares issued and outstandingNumber of shares issued and outstanding
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock,
Series A (Series A Preferred Stock)
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock,
Series A (Series A Preferred Stock)
1,000,000 1,000,000 Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock,
Series A (Series A Preferred Stock)
1,000,000 1,000,000 
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock,
Series B (Series B Preferred Stock)
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock,
Series B (Series B Preferred Stock)
500,000 500,000 Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock,
Series B (Series B Preferred Stock)
500,000 500,000 
Fixed-Rate Reset Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock,
Series C (Series C Preferred Stock)
Fixed-Rate Reset Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock,
Series C (Series C Preferred Stock)
500,000 500,000 Fixed-Rate Reset Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock,
Series C (Series C Preferred Stock)
500,000 500,000 
During both the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we paid dividends of $29 million to holders of record of our Series A Preferred Stock, $16 million to holders of record of our Series B Preferred Stock, and $14 million to holders of record of our Series C Preferred Stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we paid dividends of $29 million to holders of record of our Series A Preferred Stock, $16 million to holders of record of our Series B Preferred Stock, and $16 million to holders of record of our Series C Preferred Stock.
The following table summarizes the significant components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
20222021 20232022
Unrealized gain (loss) on hedgesUnrealized gain (loss) on hedgesUnrealized gain (loss) on hedges
Beginning balanceBeginning balance$(77)$(157)Beginning balance$(21)$(77)
Change in value of hedges, net of taxChange in value of hedges, net of tax95 49 Change in value of hedges, net of tax(52)95 
Ending balanceEnding balance19 (108)Ending balance(73)19 
Defined benefit plansDefined benefit plansDefined benefit plans
Beginning balanceBeginning balanceBeginning balance
Unrealized gain (loss) on subsidiary pension, net of taxUnrealized gain (loss) on subsidiary pension, net of tax— — Unrealized gain (loss) on subsidiary pension, net of tax— — 
Ending balanceEnding balance— Ending balance— 
Foreign currency translation adjustmentForeign currency translation adjustmentForeign currency translation adjustment
Beginning balanceBeginning balance(1,197)(1,153)Beginning balance(1,352)(1,197)
Translation gain (loss), net of taxTranslation gain (loss), net of tax144 (72)Translation gain (loss), net of tax102 144 
Ending balanceEnding balance(1,053)(1,225)Ending balance(1,251)(1,053)
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)$(1,034)$(1,332)Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)$(1,323)$(1,034)
Note 11. Income Taxes
We are included in GM’s consolidated U.S. federal income tax return and certain states’ income tax returns. Net operating losses and certain tax credits generated by us have been utilized by GM; however, income tax expense and deferred tax balances are presented in our financial statements as if we filed our own tax returns in each jurisdiction. Refer to Note 2 for further information on related party taxes payable.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Note 12. Segment Reporting
Our chief operating decision maker evaluates the operating results and performance of our business based on our North America and International Segments. The management of each segment is responsible for executing our strategies. The following tables summarize keyKey operating data for our operating segments:segments were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022Three Months Ended March 31, 2021Three Months Ended March 31, 2023Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
North
America
InternationalTotalNorth
America
InternationalTotalNorth
America
InternationalTotalNorth
America
InternationalTotal
Total revenueTotal revenue$2,930 $226 $3,156 $3,171 $236 $3,407 Total revenue$3,049 $294 $3,343 $2,930 $226 $3,156 
Operating expensesOperating expenses303 69 372 339 72 411 Operating expenses358 84 442 303 69 372 
Leased vehicle expensesLeased vehicle expenses842 13 855 1,231 13 1,244 Leased vehicle expenses1,022 17 1,039 842 13 855 
Provision for loan lossesProvision for loan losses98 24 122 (44)18 (26)Provision for loan losses114 17 131 98 24 122 
Interest expenseInterest expense507 70 577 592 58 650 Interest expense877 123 1,000 507 70 577 
Equity incomeEquity income— 54 54 — 54 54 Equity income— 41 41 — 54 54 
Income before income taxesIncome before income taxes$1,179 $105 $1,284 $1,053 $129 $1,182 Income before income taxes$677 $94 $771 $1,179 $105 $1,284 
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
North
America
InternationalTotalNorth
America
InternationalTotalNorth
America
InternationalTotalNorth
America
InternationalTotal
Finance receivables, netFinance receivables, net$60,492 $4,478 $64,970 $58,883 $4,096 $62,979 Finance receivables, net$70,940 $5,238 $76,178 $69,705 $4,809 $74,514 
Leased vehicles, netLeased vehicles, net$36,380 $201 $36,581 $37,741 $188 $37,929 Leased vehicles, net$31,566 $282 $31,848 $32,454 $247 $32,701 
Total assetsTotal assets$108,551 $7,635 $116,186 $106,572 $7,214 $113,786 Total assets$115,050 $8,515 $123,565 $114,612 $7,934 $122,545 
Note 13. Regulatory Capital and Other Regulatory Matters
We are required to comply with a wide variety of laws and regulations. Certain of our entities operate in international markets as either banks or regulated finance companies that are subject to regulatory restrictions. These regulatory restrictions, among other things, require that certain of these entities meet minimum capital requirements and may restrict dividend distributions and ownership of certain assets. We were in compliance with all regulatory capital requirements as most recently reported. Total assets of our regulated international banks and finance companies were approximately $5.4$6.2 billion and $5.1$5.8 billion at March 31, 20222023 and December 31, 2021.2022.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-looking statements in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) are not guarantees of future performance and may involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. Refer to the "Forward-Looking Statements" section of this MD&A and the "Risk Factors" section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021,2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 2, 2022 (2021January 31, 2023 (2022 Form 10-K), for a discussion of these risks and uncertainties.
Basis of Presentation
This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our 20212022 Form 10-K.
Except as otherwise specified, dollar amounts presented within tables are stated in millions. Certain columns and rows may not add due to rounding. Average balances are calculated using daily balances, where available. Otherwise, average balances are calculated using monthly balances.
Overview
We continue to monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, government actions and measures taken to prevent its spread, and the potential to affect our operations, particularly in China. We are also monitoring the current global economic environment, including specifically the inflationary pressures in the U.S. and the macroeconomic impact of the conflict in the Ukraine, and any resulting impacts on our financial position, liquidity and results of operations. Refer to the "Risk Factors" section of our 20212022 Form 10-K for additional information.

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the Act) was signed into law. The Act modified climate and clean energy tax provisions, including the consumer credit for electric vehicle (EV) purchases, and added new tax credits for commercial EV purchases. We expect to generate commercial EV tax credits, and we continue to evaluate the impact of the tax credits on our financial position and results of operations.
Results of Operations
This section discusses our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021.
Key Drivers Income before income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased2023 decreased to $1.3$0.8 billion from $1.2$1.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2021.2022. Key drivers of the change in income before income taxes include the following:
Leased vehicle income decreased $255$248 million primarily due to a decrease in the sizeaverage balance of the leased vehicles portfolio.
Finance charge income on retail finance receivables increased $222 million due to growth in the size of the portfolio and an increase in the effective yield. The effective yield on our retail finance receivables increased primarily due to increased average interest rates on new loan originations, as we pass through increased interest costs in our pricing of new loans.
Finance charge income on commercial finance receivables increased $136 million due to an increase in the effective yield as a result of higher benchmark rates, as well as an increase in the size of the portfolio.
Leased vehicle expenses decreased $389increased $184 million primarily due to a $431 decrease in depreciation on leased vehicles, resulting from increased residual value estimates and a decrease in the size of the leased vehicles portfolio, partially offset by a $47$163 million decrease in lease termination gains.
Provision for loan losses increased $148 million primarily due to a reduction in reserve levels recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2021 as a result of actual credit performance that was better than forecast, as well as favorable expectations for charge-offsgains associated with higher leased portfolio net book values at termination and recoveries to reflect improved forecast economic conditions.fewer terminated leases.
Interest expense decreased $73increased $423 million primarily due to decreased credit spreadsan increase in the effective rate of interest on our debt, resulting from higher benchmark rates and increased credit spreads, as well as a decreasean increase in the average debt outstanding.
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Non-GAAP Measure
Return on Average Common Equity Return on average common equity is a generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP) measure widely used to measure earnings in relation to invested capital. Our return on average common equity increaseddecreased to 19.6% for the four quarters ended March 31, 2023 from 29.8% for the four quarters ended March 31, 2022 from 24.3% for the four quarters ended March 31, 2021 primarily due to increaseddecreased earnings.
Return on Average Tangible Common Equity We use return on average tangible common equity, a non-generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP)non-GAAP measure, to measure our contribution to General Motors Company's (GM) enterprise profitability and cash flow.flows. Our return on average tangible common equity increaseddecreased to 21.5% for the four quarters ended March 31, 2023 from 32.9% for the four quarters ended March 31, 2022 from 27.3% for the four quarters ended March 31, 2021 primarily due to increaseddecreased earnings.
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The following table presents our reconciliation of return on average tangible common equity to return on average common equity, the most directly comparable GAAP measure:
Four Quarters EndedFour Quarters Ended
March 31, 2022March 31, 2021March 31, 2023March 31, 2022
Net income attributable to common shareholderNet income attributable to common shareholder$3,754 $2,615 Net income attributable to common shareholder$2,589 $3,754 
Average equityAverage equity$14,556 $12,486 Average equity$15,211 $14,556 
Less: average preferred equityLess: average preferred equity(1,969)(1,742)Less: average preferred equity(1,969)(1,969)
Average common equityAverage common equity12,587 10,744 Average common equity13,242 12,587 
Less: average goodwill(1,171)(1,169)
Less: average goodwill and intangible assetsLess: average goodwill and intangible assets(1,172)(1,171)
Average tangible common equityAverage tangible common equity$11,415 $9,575 Average tangible common equity$12,069 $11,415 
Return on average common equityReturn on average common equity29.8 %24.3 %Return on average common equity19.6 %29.8 %
Return on average tangible common equityReturn on average tangible common equity32.9 %27.3 %Return on average tangible common equity21.5 %32.9 %
Our calculation of this non-GAAP measure may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies due to potential differences between companies in the method of calculation. As a result, the use of this non-GAAP measure has limitations and should not be considered superior to, in isolation from, or as a substitute for, related U.S. GAAP measures. This non-GAAP measure allows investors the opportunity to measure and monitor our performance against our externally communicated targets and evaluate the investment decisions being made by management to improve our return on average tangible common equity. Management uses this measure in its financial, investment and operational decision-making processes, for internal reporting and as part of its forecasting and budgeting processes. For these reasons, we believe this non-GAAP measure is useful forto our investors.
Three Months Ended March 31, 20222023 compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 20212022
Average Earning AssetsAverage Earning AssetsThree Months Ended March 31,2022 vs. 2021Average Earning AssetsThree Months Ended March 31,2023 vs. 2022
20222021AmountPercentage20232022AmountPercentage
Average retail finance receivablesAverage retail finance receivables$58,827 $52,519 $6,308 12.0 %Average retail finance receivables$66,614 $58,827 $7,787 13.2 %
Average commercial finance receivablesAverage commercial finance receivables6,987 8,113 (1,126)(13.9)%Average commercial finance receivables10,762 6,987 3,775 54.0 %
Average finance receivablesAverage finance receivables65,814 60,632 5,182 8.5 %Average finance receivables77,376 65,814 11,562 17.6 %
Average leased vehicles, netAverage leased vehicles, net37,249 40,102 (2,853)(7.1)%Average leased vehicles, net32,272 37,249 (4,977)(13.4)%
Average earning assetsAverage earning assets$103,063 $100,734 $2,329 2.3 %Average earning assets$109,648 $103,063 $6,585 6.4 %
Retail finance receivables purchasedRetail finance receivables purchased$8,074 $8,232 $(158)(1.9)%Retail finance receivables purchased$9,104 $8,074 $1,030 12.8 %
Leased vehicles purchasedLeased vehicles purchased$3,542 $5,760 $(2,218)(38.5)%Leased vehicles purchased$3,926 $3,542 $384 10.8 %
Average retail finance receivables increased primarily due to new loan originations in excess of principal collections and payoffs. Origination volume was also impacted by higher average amounts financed. Our penetration of GM's retail sales in the U.S. was 46.1%45.9% and 43.8%46.1% for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2021.2022. Penetration levels vary depending on incentive financing programs available and competing third-party financing products in the market.
Average commercial finance receivables decreasedincreased primarily due to reducedgrowth in the average amount financed per dealer, new vehicle inventory.
Leased vehicles purchased decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to sustained lowresulting from increased new vehicle inventory, and reduced new vehicle incentive levels.as well as higher floorplan penetration.
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RevenueRevenueThree Months Ended March 31,2022 vs. 2021RevenueThree Months Ended March 31,2023 vs. 2022
20222021AmountPercentage20232022AmountPercentage
Finance charge incomeFinance charge incomeFinance charge income
Retail finance receivablesRetail finance receivables$945 $945 $— — %Retail finance receivables$1,167 $945 $222 23.5 %
Commercial finance receivablesCommercial finance receivables$65 $71 $(6)(8.5)%Commercial finance receivables$201 $65 $136 209.2 %
Leased vehicle incomeLeased vehicle income$2,066 $2,321 $(255)(11.0)%Leased vehicle income$1,818 $2,066 $(248)(12.0)%
Other incomeOther income$80 $70 $10 14.3 %Other income$156 $80 $76 95.0 %
Equity incomeEquity income$54 $54 $— — %Equity income$41 $54 $(13)(24.1)%
Effective yield - retail finance receivablesEffective yield - retail finance receivables6.5 %7.3 %Effective yield - retail finance receivables7.1 %6.5 %
Effective yield - commercial finance receivablesEffective yield - commercial finance receivables3.8 %3.5 %Effective yield - commercial finance receivables7.6 %3.8 %
Finance Charge Income - Retail Finance Receivables Finance charge income on retail finance receivables was flat for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, as the increaseincreased due to a higher average balancegrowth in the size of the portfolio, and an increase in the effective yield. The effective yield on our retail finance receivables was offset by the decreaseincreased primarily due to increased average interest rates on new loan originations, as we pass through increased interest costs in effective yield as a resultour pricing of the expansion of the retail loan portfolio into prime credit.new loans. The effective yield represents finance charges, rate subvention and fees recorded in earnings during the period as a percentage of average retail finance receivables.
Finance Charge Income - Commercial Finance Receivables Finance charge income on commercial finance receivables decreasedincreased due to a decrease in the size of the portfolio as a result of continued reduced dealer new vehicle inventory, partially offset by an increase in the effective yield as a result of higher benchmark rates.rates, as well as an increase in the size of the portfolio.
Leased Vehicle Income Leased vehicle income decreased primarily due to a decrease in the sizeaverage balance of the leased vehicles portfolio.
Costs and ExpensesThree Months Ended March 31,2022 vs. 2021
20222021AmountPercentage
Operating expenses$372 $411 $(39)(9.5)%
Leased vehicle expenses$855 $1,244 $(389)(31.3)%
Provision for loan losses$122 $(26)$148 (569.2)%
Interest expense$577 $650 $(73)(11.2)%
Average debt outstanding$92,802 $93,870 $(1,068)(1.1)%
Effective rate of interest on debt2.5 %2.8 %
Other Income Other income increased primarily due to higher investment income resulting from an increase in benchmark interest rates.
Costs and ExpensesThree Months Ended March 31,2023 vs. 2022
20232022AmountPercentage
Operating expenses$442 $372 $70 18.8 %
Leased vehicle expenses$1,039 $855 $184 21.5 %
Provision for loan losses$131 $122 $7.4 %
Interest expense$1,000 $577 $423 73.3 %
Average debt outstanding$96,880 $92,802 $4,078 4.4 %
Effective rate of interest on debt4.2 %2.5 %
Operating Expenses Operating expenses as an annualized percentage of average earning assets were 1.5%1.6% and 1.7%1.5% for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2021.2022.
Leased Vehicle Expenses Leased vehicle expenses decreasedincreased primarily due to a $431 million decrease in depreciation on leased vehicles, resulting equally from increased residual value estimates and a decrease in the size of the portfolio, partially offset by a $47$163 million decrease in lease termination gains resulting fromassociated with higher leased portfolio net book values at termination and fewer vehicles returned to us for remarketing for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021.terminated leases.
Provision for Loan Losses Interest expenseProvision for loan losses Interest expense increased primarily due to a reduction in reserve levels recordedan increase in the three months ended March 31, 2021 as a resulteffective rate of actualinterest on our debt, resulting from higher benchmark rates and increased credit performance that was better than forecast,spreads, as well as favorable expectations for charge-offs and recoveries to reflect improved forecast economic conditions.
Interest Expense Interest expense decreased primarily due to decreased credit spreads on our debt, as well as a decreasean increase in the average debt outstanding.
Taxes Our consolidated effective income tax rate was 26.2%25.5% and 27.0%26.2% of income before income taxes and equity income for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2021.2022. The decrease in the effective income tax rate is primarily due to a lower percentage of income being taxed at higher rates forfavorable impact from our non-U.S. entities included in our effectiveelectric vehicle tax rate calculation.credit.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Hedges Unrealized gainsgain (loss) on hedges included in other comprehensive income (loss) were $95$(52) million and $49$95 million for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2021.2022. The change in unrealized gain (loss) was primarily due to changes in the fair value of our foreign currency swap agreements.
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Unrealized gains and losses on cash flow hedges of our floating rate debt are reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged transactions affect earnings via principal remeasurement or accrual of interest expense.
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Foreign currency translation adjustments included in other comprehensive income (loss) were $144$102 million and $(72)$144 million for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2021.2022. Translation
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adjustments resulted from changes in the values of our international currency-denominated assets and liabilities as the value of the U.S. Dollar changed in relation to international currencies. The foreign currency translation gain for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily due to appreciating values of the Mexican Peso, Chinese Yuan Renminbi and Brazilian Real in relation to the U.S. Dollar. The foreign currency translation gain for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily due to appreciating values of the Brazilian Real, the Chilean Peso and the Mexican Peso in relation to the U.S. Dollar. The foreign currency translation loss for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was primarily due to depreciating values of the Brazilian Real and the Mexican Peso in relation to the U.S. Dollar.
Earning Assets Quality
Retail Finance Receivables Our retail finance receivables portfolio includes loans made to consumers and businesses to finance the purchase of vehicles for personal and commercial use. A summary of the credit risk profile by FICO score or its equivalent, determined at origination, of the retail finance receivables is as follows:
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
AmountPercentAmountPercent AmountPercentAmountPercent
Prime - FICO Score 680 and greaterPrime - FICO Score 680 and greater$41,039 69.0 %$39,419 67.9 %Prime - FICO Score 680 and greater$49,829 73.6 %$47,543 72.8 %
Near-prime - FICO Score 620 to 679Near-prime - FICO Score 620 to 6798,494 14.3 8,479 14.6 Near-prime - FICO Score 620 to 6798,498 12.6 8,392 12.8 
Sub-prime - FICO Score less than 620Sub-prime - FICO Score less than 6209,970 16.8 10,195 17.5 Sub-prime - FICO Score less than 6209,377 13.8 9,388 14.4 
Retail finance receivables, net of feesRetail finance receivables, net of fees59,503 100.0 %58,093 100.0 %Retail finance receivables, net of fees67,704 100.0 %65,322 100.0 %
Less: allowance for loan lossesLess: allowance for loan losses(1,884)(1,839)Less: allowance for loan losses(2,123)(2,062)
Retail finance receivables, netRetail finance receivables, net$57,618 $56,254 Retail finance receivables, net$65,581 $63,260 
Number of outstanding contractsNumber of outstanding contracts2,846,673 2,861,963 Number of outstanding contracts2,988,563 2,942,175 
Average amount of outstanding contracts (in dollars)(a)
Average amount of outstanding contracts (in dollars)(a)
$20,903 $20,298 
Average amount of outstanding contracts (in dollars)(a)
$22,654 $22,202 
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of retail finance receivables, net of feesAllowance for loan losses as a percentage of retail finance receivables, net of fees3.2 %3.2 %Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of retail finance receivables, net of fees3.1 %3.2 %
_________________ 
(a)Average amount of outstanding contracts is calculated as retail finance receivables, net of fees, divided by number of outstanding contracts.
Delinquency The following is a consolidated summary of delinquent retail finance receivables:
March 31, 2022March 31, 2021March 31, 2023March 31, 2022
AmountPercentageAmountPercentageAmountPercentAmountPercent
31 - 60 days31 - 60 days$983 1.7 %$741 1.4 %31 - 60 days$1,188 1.8 %$983 1.7 %
Greater than 60 daysGreater than 60 days302 0.5 257 0.5 Greater than 60 days363 0.5 302 0.5 
Total finance receivables more than 30 days delinquentTotal finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent1,285 2.2 998 1.9 Total finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent1,551 2.3 1,285 2.2 
In repossessionIn repossession39 0.1 32 — In repossession44 0.1 39 0.1 
Total finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossessionTotal finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession$1,324 2.2 %$1,030 1.9 %Total finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession$1,595 2.4 %$1,324 2.2 %
At March 31, 2023, delinquency increased from March 31, 2022, and 2021, delinquencybut continued to be lower than historical levels primarily due to favorable labor markets and strong household balance sheets.levels. We expect that delinquency will increase over time relative to current levels, but may remain below pre-pandemic levels due to improvement in the credit mix of the portfolio.
Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs) Loan Modifications Loan modifications extended to the borrowers experiencing financial difficulty were insignificant for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Refer to Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further information on TDRs.loan modifications.
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Net Charge-offs The following table presents charge-off data with respect to our retail finance receivables portfolio:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
20222021 20232022
Charge-offsCharge-offs$275 $253 Charge-offs$322 $275 
Less: recoveriesLess: recoveries(177)(149)Less: recoveries(186)(177)
Net charge-offsNet charge-offs$97 $104 Net charge-offs$136 $97 
Net charge-offs as an annualized percentage of average retail finance receivablesNet charge-offs as an annualized percentage of average retail finance receivables0.7 %0.8 %Net charge-offs as an annualized percentage of average retail finance receivables0.8 %0.7 %
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Net charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased compared to the same period in 2022, and 2021,but continued to be lower than historical levels primarily due to favorable labor markets, strong household balance sheets and improved recovery rates on repossessed vehicles.levels. We expect thatnet charge-offs will increase over time relative to current levels, but may remain below pre-pandemic levels due to improvement in the credit mix of the portfolio.
Commercial Finance ReceivablesCommercial Finance ReceivablesMarch 31, 2022December 31, 2021Commercial Finance ReceivablesMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Commercial finance receivables, net of feesCommercial finance receivables, net of fees$7,395 $6,772 Commercial finance receivables, net of fees$10,627 $11,288 
Less: allowance for loan lossesLess: allowance for loan losses(44)(47)Less: allowance for loan losses(29)(34)
Commercial finance receivables, netCommercial finance receivables, net$7,352 $6,725 Commercial finance receivables, net$10,597 $11,254 
Number of dealersNumber of dealers2,313 2,305 Number of dealers2,406 2,431 
Average carrying amount per dealerAverage carrying amount per dealer$$Average carrying amount per dealer$$
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of commercial finance receivables, net of feesAllowance for loan losses as a percentage of commercial finance receivables, net of fees0.6 %0.7 %Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of commercial finance receivables, net of fees0.3 %0.3 %
AtNo commercial loans were modified for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, no commercial finance receivables were classified as TDRs.2023. Activity in the allowance for commercial loan losses was insignificant for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2021,2022, and substantially all of our commercial finance receivables were current with respect to payment status at March 31, 20222023 and December 31, 2021.2022.
Leased Vehicles The following table summarizes activity in our operating lease portfolio (in thousands, except where noted):
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2022202120232022
Operating leases purchasedOperating leases purchased80 135 Operating leases purchased$86 $80 
Operating leases terminatedOperating leases terminated151 142 Operating leases terminated126 151 
Operating leased vehicles returned(a)
Operating leased vehicles returned(a)
74 
Operating leased vehicles returned(a)
13 
Percentage of leased vehicles returned(b)
Percentage of leased vehicles returned(b)
%52 %
Percentage of leased vehicles returned(b)
10 %%
________________ 
(a)Represents the number of vehicles returned to us for remarketing.
(b)Calculated as the number of operating leased vehicles returned divided by the number of operating leases terminated.

The return rate is largely dependent on the level of used vehicle values at lease termination compared to contractual residual values at lease inception. Used vehicle prices, although lower year-over-year, were sustained at high levelsgenerally higher than contractual residual values for the three months ended March 31, 2022,2023, primarily due to low new vehicle inventory,above-average seasonal demand and resulted in unusually low return rates. The high levels of used vehicle prices also resulted in gainssupply. Gains on terminations of leased vehicles of $369were $206 million and $416$369 million for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2021.2022. The decrease in gains is due to fewer vehicles returned for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 compared to the same period in 2021. For the remainder of 2022, weis primarily due to higher leased portfolio net book values at termination and fewer terminated leases. We expect used vehicle prices to decrease relativemoderate and the return rate to 2021 levels, but to remain above pre-pandemic levels, primarily due to sustained low new vehicle inventory.
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increase through 2023, as market prices on used vehicles approach contractual residual values.
The following table summarizes the residual value based on our most recent estimates and the number of units included in leased vehicles, net by vehicle type (units in thousands):
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Residual ValueUnitsPercentage
of Units
Residual ValueUnitsPercentage
of Units
Residual ValueUnitsPercentage
of Units
Residual ValueUnitsPercentage
of Units
CrossoversCrossovers$16,134 850 67.2 %$16,696 897 67.3 %Crossovers$13,797 710 67.4 %$14,207 736 67.3 %
TrucksTrucks7,741 256 20.3 7,886 264 19.8 Trucks6,829 221 21.0 6,961 228 20.9 
SUVsSUVs2,952 75 5.9 3,104 80 5.9 SUVs2,537 64 6.1 2,595 66 6.0 
CarsCars1,278 83 6.5 1,430 93 7.0 Cars904 58 5.6 964 63 5.8 
TotalTotal$28,105 1,264 100.0 %$29,116 1,334 100.0 %Total$24,067 1,053 100.0 %$24,727 1,092 100.0 %
At March 31, 2023 and 2022, and 2021, 99.6%99.5% and 99.6% of our operating leases were current with respect to payment status.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
General Our primary sources of cash are finance charge income, leasing income and proceeds from the sale of terminated leased vehicles, net proceeds from credit facilities, securitizations, secured and unsecured borrowings, and collections and recoveries on finance receivables. Our primaryknown material uses of cash are purchases and funding of finance receivables and leased vehicles, repayment or repurchases of secured and unsecured debt, funding credit enhancement requirements in connection with securitizations and secured credit facilities, interest costs, operating expenses, income taxes and dividend payments.
Typically, our purchase and funding of retail and commercial finance receivables and leased vehicles are initially financed initially by utilizing cash and borrowings on our secured credit facilities. Subsequently, we typically obtain long-term financing for finance receivables and leased vehicles through securitization transactions and the issuance of unsecured debt.
Cruise is the GM global segment responsible for the development and commercialization of autonomous vehicle technology. We have a multi-year credit agreement with Cruise whereby we may provide advances to Cruise, over time, through 2024, to fund the purchase of autonomous vehicles from GM. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Cruise had $151 million and $113 million of borrowings outstanding and access to an additional $4.5 billion in advances under the credit agreement.
The following table summarizes our available liquidity:
LiquidityLiquidityMarch 31, 2022December 31, 2021LiquidityMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents(a)
Cash and cash equivalents(a)
$4,483 $3,948 
Cash and cash equivalents(a)
$4,352 $4,005 
Borrowing capacity on unpledged eligible assetsBorrowing capacity on unpledged eligible assets21,842 19,283 Borrowing capacity on unpledged eligible assets22,951 22,041 
Borrowing capacity on committed unsecured lines of creditBorrowing capacity on committed unsecured lines of credit643 518 Borrowing capacity on committed unsecured lines of credit487 460 
Borrowing capacity on the Junior Subordinated Revolving Credit FacilityBorrowing capacity on the Junior Subordinated Revolving Credit Facility1,000 1,000 Borrowing capacity on the Junior Subordinated Revolving Credit Facility1,000 1,000 
Borrowing capacity on the GM Revolving 364-Day Credit FacilityBorrowing capacity on the GM Revolving 364-Day Credit Facility2,000 2,000 Borrowing capacity on the GM Revolving 364-Day Credit Facility2,000 2,000 
Available liquidityAvailable liquidity$29,968 $26,749 Available liquidity$30,790 $29,506 
_________________
(a)Includes $371$442 million and $348$384 million in unrestricted cash outside of the U.S. at March 31, 20222023 and December 31, 2021.2022. This cash is considered to be indefinitely invested based on specific plans for reinvestment.
At March 31, 2022,2023, available liquidity increased from December 31, 2021,2022, primarily due to increasedan increase in available borrowing capacity on unpledged eligible assets, resulting from the issuance of securitization transactions and unsecured debt, and an increase in cash and cash equivalents. We generally target liquidity levels to support at least six months of our expected net cash outflows, including new originations, without access to new debt financing transactions or other capital markets activity. At March 31, 2022,2023, available liquidity exceeded our liquidity targets.
Our support agreement with
Cash FlowThree Months Ended March 31,2023 vs. 2022
20232022
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$1,724 $1,248 $476 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities$(1,493)$(1,048)$(445)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities$213 $517 $(304)
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash provided by operating activities increased primarily due to a net increase in cash provided by counterparty derivative collateral posting activities of $584 million, an increase in finance charge income of $358 million, a decrease in taxes paid to GM (the Support Agreement) provides that GM will use commercially reasonable efforts to ensure we will continue to be designated as a subsidiary borrower under GM's corporate revolving credit facilities. We have access, subject to available capacity, to $15.5 billion of GM's unsecured revolving credit facilities consisting$89 million, and an increase in investment income of a three-year, $4.3 billion facility$72 million, partially offset by an increase in interest paid of $443 million and a five-year, $11.2 billion facility. We also have exclusive accessdecrease in leased vehicle income of $248 million.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in investing activities increased primarily due to GM's $2.0 billion 364-day revolving credit facility (GM Revolving 364-day Credit Facility)an increase in the purchases of consumer finance receivables of $961 million, a decrease in proceeds from termination of leased vehicles of $468 million, an increase in purchases of leased vehicles of $164 million, and a $1.0 billion junior subordinated unsecured intercompany revolving credit facility (the "Junior Subordinated Revolving Credit Facility"). Atdecrease in collections and recoveries on retail finance receivables of $130 million, partially offset by an increase in net collections of commercial finance receivables of $1.3 billion.
During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we had no borrowings outstanding under any of the GM revolving credit facilities. In April 2022, GM renewed the GM Revolving 364-Day Credit Facility, which now matures on April 4, 2023.
Cruise is the GM global segment responsible for the development and commercialization of autonomous vehicle technology. We have a multi-year credit agreement with Cruise whereby we may provide advances to Cruise up2023, net cash provided by financing activities decreased primarily due to an aggregateincrease in dividend payments of $5.0 billion, over time, through 2024, to fund the purchase$450 million and a decrease in borrowings of autonomous vehicles from GM. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, Cruise had no borrowings outstanding under the credit agreement.$53 million, partially offset by a decrease in debt repayments of $193 million.
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Cash FlowThree Months Ended March 31,2022 vs. 2021
20222021
Net cash provided by operating activities$1,248 $1,525 $(277)
Net cash used in investing activities$(1,048)$(1,581)$533 
Net cash provided by financing activities$517 $1,403 $(886)
DuringStatus of Credit RatingsWe receive ratings from four independent credit rating agencies: DBRS Limited, Fitch Ratings (Fitch), Moody's Investors Service (Moody's) and Standard & Poor's (S&P). The credit ratings assigned to us from all the three months endedcredit rating agencies are closely associated with their opinions on GM. In March 2023, Moody's upgraded our senior unsecured notes rating to Baa2 from Baa3 and the short-term commercial paper rating to P-2 from P-3. As of April 16, 2023, all other credit ratings remained unchanged since December 31, 2022, net cash provided by operating activities decreased primarily due to a decrease in leased vehicle income of $255 million and a decrease in counterparty derivative collateral posting activities of $189 million, partially offset by a decrease in interest paid of $158 million.
During the three months ended March 31, 2022, net cash used in investing activities decreased primarily due to a decrease in purchases of leased vehicles of $3.1 billion and an increase in collections and recoveries on retail finance receivables of $1.2 billion, partially offset by a decrease in net collections of commercial finance receivables of $2.6 billion and a decrease in proceeds from termination of leased vehicles of $1.2 billion.
During the three months ended March 31, 2022, net cash provided by financing activities decreased primarily due to a decrease in borrowings of $3.3 billion, partially offset by a decrease in debt repayments of $1.8 billion and a decrease in dividend payments of $600 million.2022.
Credit Facilities In the normal course of business, in addition to using our available cash, we fund our operations by borrowing under our credit facilities, which may be secured and/or structured as securitizations, or may be unsecured. We repay these borrowings as appropriate under our liquidity management strategy.
At March 31, 20222023, credit facilities consist of the following:
Facility TypeFacility TypeFacility AmountAdvances OutstandingFacility TypeFacility AmountAdvances Outstanding
Revolving retail asset-secured facilities(a)
Revolving retail asset-secured facilities(a)
$22,208 $1,552 
Revolving retail asset-secured facilities(a)
$22,052 $2,479 
Revolving commercial asset-secured facilities(b)
Revolving commercial asset-secured facilities(b)
3,960 — 
Revolving commercial asset-secured facilities(b)
4,162 361 
Total securedTotal secured26,168 1,552 Total secured26,214 2,839 
Unsecured committed facilitiesUnsecured committed facilities653 10 Unsecured committed facilities568 81 
Unsecured uncommitted facilities(c)
Unsecured uncommitted facilities(c)
1,203 1,203 
Unsecured uncommitted facilities(c)
1,506 1,506 
Total unsecuredTotal unsecured1,856 1,213 Total unsecured2,073 1,587 
Junior Subordinated Revolving Credit FacilityJunior Subordinated Revolving Credit Facility1,000 — Junior Subordinated Revolving Credit Facility1,000 — 
GM Revolving 364-Day Credit FacilityGM Revolving 364-Day Credit Facility2,000 — GM Revolving 364-Day Credit Facility2,000 — 
TotalTotal$31,024 $2,766 Total$31,288 $4,426 
_________________
(a)Includes committed and uncommitted revolving credit facilities backed by retail finance receivables and leases. The financial institutions providing the uncommitted facilities are not contractually obligated to advance funds under them. We had an insignificant amount in advances outstanding and $803$614 million in unused borrowing capacity on these uncommitted facilities at March 31, 2022.2023.
(b)Includes revolving credit facilities backed by loans to dealers for floorplan financing.
(c)The financial institutions providing the uncommitted facilities are not contractually obligated to advance funds under them. We had $2.0$1.7 billion in unused borrowing capacity on these facilities at March 31, 2022.2023.
Refer to Note 6 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
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Securitization Notes Payable We periodically finance our retail and commercial finance receivables and leases through public and private term securitization transactions, where the securitization markets are sufficiently developed. A summary of securitization notes payable is as follows:
Year of TransactionYear of Transaction
Maturity Date (a)
Original Note
Issuance
(b)
Note Balance
At March 31, 2022
Year of Transaction
Maturity Date (a)
Original Note
Issuance
(b)
Note Balance
At March 31, 2023
2017December 2023$1,300 $127 
20182018February 2024-September 2026$8,567 1,152 2018November 2024-September 2026$2,001 $147 
20192019April 2022-July 2027$10,236 2,935 2019April 2024-July 2027$6,917 1,401 
20202020August 2023-August 2028$23,939 10,361 2020August 2023-August 2028$14,176 5,037 
20212021December 2022-June 2034$23,263 16,368 2021April 2025-June 2034$22,945 9,179 
20222022October 2023-May 2029$5,167 4,932 2022November 2024-October 2035$23,711 17,827 
20232023January 2027-June 2032$5,100 4,886 
Total active securitizationsTotal active securitizations35,875 Total active securitizations38,477 
Debt issuance costsDebt issuance costs(66)Debt issuance costs(63)
TotalTotal$35,809 Total$38,414 
_________________ 
(a)Maturity dates represent legal final maturity of issued notes. The notes are expected to be paid based on amortization of the finance receivables and leases pledged.
(b)At historical foreign currency exchange rates at the time of issuance.
Our securitizations utilize special purpose entities which are also variable interest entities that meet the requirements to be consolidated in our financial statements. Refer to Note 7 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
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Unsecured Debt We periodically access the unsecured debt capital markets through the issuance of senior unsecured notes. At March 31, 2022,2023, the aggregate principal amount of our outstanding unsecured senior notes was $47.7$48.8 billion.
We issue other unsecured debt through demand notes, commercial paper offerings and other bank and non-bank funding sources. At March 31, 2022,2023, we had $3.6 billion outstanding in demand notes and $2.1$2.3 billion under the U.S. commercial paper program.
LIBOR Transition The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates the LondonInternational Swaps and Derivatives Association launched its Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), announced that it will no longer persuade or compel banks(IBOR) Fallbacks Supplement and IBOR Fallbacks Protocol, which came into effect on January 25, 2021. The supplement incorporates fallbacks for new derivatives linked to submit rates forLIBOR, and the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. In March 2021, the ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, the administrator of LIBOR, extended the transition dates of certain U.S. Dollar LIBOR tenorsprotocol enables market participants to June 30, 2023, after which LIBOR reference rates will cease to be provided. Despite this deferral, the LIBOR administrator has advised that no new contracts using U.S. Dollar LIBOR should be entered into after December 31, 2021. It is unknown whether LIBOR will continue to be published by its administrator based on continued bank submissions, or on any other basis, after such dates. Regulators, industry groups and certain committees such as the Alternative Reference Rates Committee have, among other things, published recommended fallback language for LIBOR-linked financial instruments, identified recommended alternativesincorporate fallbacks for certain LIBOR rates,legacy derivatives linked to LIBOR. We have adhered to the protocol, and as of March 31, 2023, we have transitioned all of our LIBOR-based derivative exposure.
For any residual exposure after the end of 2021 or any designated later cessation date, we expect to leverage relevant contractual and statutory solutions to transition such as Secured Overnight Financing Rate, and proposed implementations of the recommended alternatives in floating rate financial instruments.exposure. For more information on the expected replacement of LIBOR, see the "Risk Factors" section of our 20212022 Form 10-K.
Support Agreement - Leverage Ratio Our earning assets leverage ratio calculated in accordance with the terms of the Support Agreement was 7.49x7.85x and 8.07x7.91x at March 31, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, and the applicable leverage ratio threshold was 12.00x. In determining our earning assets leverage ratio (net earning assets divided by adjusted equity) under the Support Agreement, net earning assets means our finance receivables, net, plus leased vehicles, net, and adjusted equity means our equity, net of goodwill and inclusive of outstanding junior subordinated debt, as each may be adjusted for derivative accounting from time to time. The decrease in the earning assets leverage ratio is primarily due to increased shareholders' equity as a result of $962 million in net income.
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Asset and Liability Maturity Profile We define our asset and liability maturity profile as the cumulative maturities of our finance receivables, investment in leased vehicles, net of accumulated depreciation, cash and cash equivalents and other assets less our cumulative debt maturities. We manage our balance sheet so that asset maturities will exceed debt maturities each year. The following chart presents our cumulative maturities for earning assets and debt at March 31, 2022:2023:
2022202320242025 and Thereafter2023202420252026 and Thereafter
Encumbered assetsEncumbered assets$19,534 $36,777 $45,215 $49,487 Encumbered assets$21,898 $42,193 $51,848 $57,161 
Unencumbered assetsUnencumbered assets25,366 39,477 53,530 66,699 Unencumbered assets26,624 40,176 53,172 66,405 
Total assetsTotal assets44,900 76,254 98,745 116,186 Total assets48,522 82,370 105,020 123,565 
Secured debtSecured debt14,774 27,816 34,198 37,429 Secured debt15,829 30,499 37,478 41,318 
Unsecured debtUnsecured debt12,266 20,971 29,333 55,850 Unsecured debt13,661 22,522 33,006 57,716 
Total debt(a)
Total debt(a)
27,040 48,787 63,531 93,279 
Total debt(a)
29,490 53,021 70,484 99,035 
Net excess liquidityNet excess liquidity$17,860 $27,467 $35,214 $22,907 Net excess liquidity$19,032 $29,349 $34,536 $24,530 
_________________ 
(a)Excludes unamortized debt premium/(discount), unamortized debt issuance costs, and fair value adjustments.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of condensed financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenue and expenses in the periods presented. Actual results could differ from those estimates, due to inherent uncertainties in making estimates, and those differences may be material. The critical accounting estimates that affect the condensed consolidated financial statements and the judgment and assumptions used are consistent with those described in Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our 20212022 Form 10-K.
Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains several "forward-looking statements." Forward-looking statements are those that use words such as "believe," "expect," "intend," "plan," "may," "likely," "should," "estimate," "continue," "future" or "anticipate" and other comparable expressions. These words indicate future events and trends. Forward-looking statements are our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. These forward-looking statements are subject to many assumptions, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ significantly from historical results or from those anticipated by us. The most significant risks are detailed from time to time in our filings and reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),SEC, including our 20212022 Form 10-K. It is advisable
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We caution readers not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to, and do not, publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, except as required by federal securities laws, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
The following factors are among those that may cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or from the forward-looking statements:
GM's ability to sell new vehicles that we finance in the markets we serve;
dealers' effectiveness in marketing our financial products to consumers;
the viability of GM-franchised dealers that are commercial loan customers;
the sufficiency, availability and cost of sources of financing, including credit facilities, securitization programs and secured and unsecured debt issuances;
the adequacy of our underwriting criteria for loans and leases and the level of net charge-offs, delinquencies and prepayments on the loans and leases we purchase or originate;
our ability to effectively manage capital or liquidity consistent with evolving business or operational needs, risk management standards and regulatory or supervisory requirements;
the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses on our finance receivables;
our ability to maintain and expand our market share due to competition in the automotive finance industry from a large number of banks, credit unions, independent finance companies and other captive automotive finance subsidiaries;
changes in the automotive industry that result in a change in demand for vehicles and related vehicle financing;
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the effect, interpretation or application of new or existing laws, regulations, court decisions and accounting pronouncements;
adverse determinations with respect to the application of existing laws, or the results of any audits from tax authorities, as well as changes in tax laws and regulations, supervision, enforcement and licensing across various jurisdictions;
the prices at which used vehicles are sold in the wholesale auction markets;
vehicle return rates, our ability to estimate residual value at lease inception and the residual value performance on vehicles we lease;
interest rate fluctuations and certain related derivatives exposure;
our joint ventures in China, which we cannot operate solely for our benefit and over which we have limited control;
changes in the determination of LIBOR and other benchmark rates;rates, such as LIBOR;
the lengthpandemics, epidemics, disease outbreaks and severity ofother public health crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic;
our ability to secure private data, proprietary information, manage risks related to security breaches and other disruptions to networks and systems owned or maintained by us or third parties and comply with enterprise data regulations in all key market regions;
foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and other risks applicable to our operations outside of the U.S.;
changes in local, regional, national or international economic, social or political conditions; and
impact and uncertainties related to climate relatedclimate-related events and climate change legislation.
If one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from those expected, estimated or projected.
Available Information
Our internet website is www.gmfinancial.com. Our website contains detailed information about us and our subsidiaries. Our Investor Center website at https://investor.gmfinancial.com contains a significant amount of information about our Company, including financial and other information for investors. We encourage investors to visit our website, as we frequently update and post new information about our Company on our website, and it is possible that this information could be deemed to be material information. Our website and information included in or linked to our website are not part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K, as well as any amendments to those reports, are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. These reports can also be found on the SEC website at www.sec.gov.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no material changes in our exposure to market risk since December 31, 2021.2022. Refer to Item 7A. - "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" in our 20212022 Form 10-K.        
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the specified time periods and accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer (CEO) and principal financial officer (CFO), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act) as of March 31, 2022,2023, as required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15. Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of March 31, 2022.2023.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2022,2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.
PART II
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Refer to Note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for information relating to legal proceedings.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We face a number of significant risks and uncertainties in connection with our operations. Our business and the results of our operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected by these risk factors. There have been no material changes to the Risk Factors disclosed in our 20212022 Form 10-K.
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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.
Item 6. Exhibits
Incorporated by Reference
Incorporated by Reference
Incorporated by Reference
10.1†Incorporated by Reference
10.2†Incorporated by Reference
10.3†Incorporated by Reference
31.1Filed Herewith
Filed Herewith
Furnished Herewith
101The following financial information from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022,2023, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL) includes: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial StatementsFiled Herewith
104The cover page from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022,2023, formatted as iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101Filed Herewith
_________
† Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Rule 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K. The omitted information is not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the registrant if publicly disclosed.
*  *  *  *  *  *  *
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GENERAL MOTORS FINANCIAL COMPANY, INC.
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 General Motors Financial Company, Inc.
 (Registrant)
Date:April 27, 202225, 2023 By:/S/    SUSAN B. SHEFFIELD        
 Susan B. Sheffield
 Executive Vice President and
 Chief Financial Officer
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