0000808450 us-gaap:AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember 2019-11-01 2020-04-30

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)
☑QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended April 30, 2020January 31, 2021

OR
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _____ to _____.        
   Commission file number 1-9618


  nav-20210131_g1.jpg
NAVISTAR INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware36-3359573
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
Delaware36-3359573
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2701 Navistar Drive

Lisle
Illinois
60532
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
(331) (331) 332-5000

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code
 Not applicable

(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.10NAVNew York Stock Exchange
Cumulative convertible junior preference stock, Series D (par value $1.00)NAV-DNew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  þ    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  þ    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerþAccelerated fileroEmerging growth companyo☐
Non-accelerated fileroSmaller reporting company☐☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ☐     No  þ
As of May 31, 2020,February 28, 2021, the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock was 99,504,431,99,715,656, net of treasury shares.



NAVISTAR INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PART I—Financial Information
Item 1.
5
Consolidated Statements of Operations forFor the threeThree Months Ended January 31, 2021 and six months ended April 30, 2020 and 20192020
56
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) forFor the threeThree Months Ended January 31, 2021 and six months ended April 30, 2020 and 20192020
67
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and October 31, 20192020
78
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows forFor the six months ended April 30, 2020ThreeMonths Ended January 31, 2021 and 20192020
89
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit forFor the threeThree Months Ended January 31, 2021 and six months ended April 30, 2020 and 20192020
910
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
10
Item 2.
43
Item 3.
57
Item 4.
5857
PART II—Other Information
Item 1.
58
Item 1A.
58
Item 2.
6258
Item 3.
6258
Item 4.
6258
Item 5.
6258
Item 6.
6259
6460

2





Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Information provided and statements contained in this report that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended ("Securities Act"), Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"), and the Private Securities LitigationReform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements only speak as of the date of this report and Navistar International Corporation assumes no obligation to update the information included in this report.
Such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning:
•estimates we have made in preparing our financial statements;
•the implementation of, and expected benefits from, our strategic alliance with TRATON SE and certain of its subsidiaries and affiliates ("TRATON Group");, and the likelihood and consequences of the previously announced acquisition of the Company by TRATON SE or one of its affiliates;
•our development and launch of new products and technologies;
•anticipated sales, volume, demand, markets for our products, and financial performance;
•anticipated performance and benefits of our products and technologies;
•our business strategies relating to, and our ability to meet, federal and state regulatory heavy-duty diesel emissions standards applicable to certain of our engines, including the timing and costs of compliance and consequences of noncompliance with such standards, as well as our ability to meet other federal, state and foreign regulatory requirements;
•our business strategies and short-term and long-term goals and activities to accomplish such strategies and goals;
•our ability to implement our strategy and the results we expect to achieve from the implementation of our strategy;
•our expectations related to new product launches;
•anticipated results from acquisitions, dispositions, strategic alliances, and joint ventures we complete;
•our expectations and estimates relating to restructuring activities, including restructuring charges and timing of cash payments related thereto, and operational flexibility, savings, and efficiencies from such restructurings;
•our expectations relating to debt refinancing activities;
•our expectations relating to the potential effects of anticipated divestitures and closures of businesses;
•our expectations relating to our cost-reduction actions and actions to reduce discretionary spending;
•our expectations relating to our ability to service our long-term debt;
•our expectations relating to our wholesale and retail finance receivables and revenues;
•liabilities resulting from environmental, health and safety laws and regulations;
•our anticipated capital expenditures;
•our expectations relating to payments of taxes;
•our expectations relating to warranty costs;
•our expectations relating to interest expense;
•our expectations relating to impairment of goodwill, other intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment;
•our expectations relating to the resolution of, and costs relating to litigation, arbitration and similar matters;
•estimates relating to pension plan contributions and unfunded pension and postretirement benefits;
•our expectations relating to commodity price risk, including the impact of tariff increases or potential new tariffs;
•anticipated trends, expectations, and outlook relating to matters affecting our financial condition or results of operations; and
•our expectations relating to the anticipated impact that the novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic has on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

3




These statements often include words such as "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "estimate," or similar expressions. These statements are not guarantees of performance or results and they involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Although we believe that these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, there are many factors that could affect our results of operations and could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to differences in our future financial results include those discussed in Item 1A, Risk Factors, included within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019,2020, which was filed on December 17, 2019, and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended April 30, 2020, as well as those factors discussed elsewhere in this report. All future written and oral forward-looking statements by us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained herein or referred to above. Except for our ongoing obligations to disclose material information as required by the federal securities laws, we do not have any obligations or intention to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances in the future or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
Available Information
We are subject to the reporting and information requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and as a result, are obligated to file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements, and other information with the United States ("U.S.") Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). We make these filings available free of charge on our website (http://www.navistar.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file them with, or furnish them to, the SEC. Information on our website does not constitute part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition, the SEC maintains a website (http://www.sec.gov) that contains our annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy and information statements, and other information we electronically file with, or furnish to, the SEC.

4





PART I—Financial Information
Item 1.Financial Statements
Item 1. Financial Statements
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
5


Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended April 30, Six Months Ended April 30, Three Months Ended January 31,
(in millions, except per share data)2020 2019 2020
2019(in millions, except per share data)20212020
Sales and revenues       Sales and revenues
Sales of manufactured products, net$1,877
 $2,948
 $3,671
 $5,334
Sales of manufactured products, net$1,769 $1,794 
Finance revenues48
 48
 92
 95
Finance revenues43 44 
Sales and revenues, net1,925
 2,996
 3,763
 5,429
Sales and revenues, net1,812 1,838 
Costs and expenses       Costs and expenses
Costs of products sold1,624
 2,493
 3,153
 4,472
Costs of products sold1,507 1,529 
Restructuring charges—
 1
 1
 1
Restructuring charges21 1 
Asset impairment charges13
 1
 13
 3
Asset impairment charges31 0 
Selling, general and administrative expenses170
 373
 352
 559
Selling, general and administrative expenses205 182 
Engineering and product development costs78
 75
 164
 161
Engineering and product development costs84 86 
Interest expense63
 82
 128
 167
Interest expense64 65 
Other expense, net2
 18
 13
 115
Other (income) expense, netOther (income) expense, net(5)11 
Total costs and expenses1,950
 3,043
 3,824
 5,478
Total costs and expenses1,907 1,874 
Equity in income (loss) of non-consolidated affiliates(1) 3
 (2) 3
Loss before income tax(26) (44) (63) (46)
Income tax benefit (expense)(7) 1
 (2) 20
Equity in loss of non-consolidated affiliatesEquity in loss of non-consolidated affiliates(1)(1)
Loss before income taxesLoss before income taxes(96)(37)
Income tax benefitIncome tax benefit18 5 
Loss from continuing operationsLoss from continuing operations(78)(32)
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxIncome from discontinued operations, net of tax1 0 
Net loss(33) (43) (65)
(26)Net loss(77)(32)
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests5
 5
 9
 11
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests4 4 
Net loss attributable to Navistar International Corporation$(38) $(48) $(74) $(37)Net loss attributable to Navistar International Corporation$(81)$(36)
      
Loss per share attributable to Navistar International Corporation:       
Amounts attributable to Navistar International Corporation common stockholders:Amounts attributable to Navistar International Corporation common stockholders:
Loss from continuing operations, net of taxLoss from continuing operations, net of tax$(82)$(36)
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxIncome from discontinued operations, net of tax1 0 
Net loss attributable to Navistar International Corporation common stockholdersNet loss attributable to Navistar International Corporation common stockholders$(81)$(36)
Income (loss) per share attributable to Navistar International Corporation:Income (loss) per share attributable to Navistar International Corporation:
Basic$(0.38) $(0.48) $(0.74) $(0.37)Basic
Continuing operationsContinuing operations$(0.82)$(0.36)
Discontinued operationsDiscontinued operations0.01 0 
BasicBasic$(0.81)$(0.36)
DilutedDiluted
Continuing operationsContinuing operations$(0.82)$(0.36)
Discontinued operationsDiscontinued operations0.01 0 
Diluted(0.38) (0.48) (0.74) (0.37)Diluted$(0.81)$(0.36)
       
Weighted average shares outstanding:       Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic99.7
 99.2
 99.6
 99.2
Basic99.9 99.5 
Diluted99.7
 99.2
 99.6
 99.2
Diluted99.9 99.5 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
56



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(Unaudited) 
(in millions)Three Months Ended January 31,
20212020
Net loss$(77)$(32)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment25 (8)
Defined benefit plans, net of tax54 25 
Total other comprehensive income79 17 
Comprehensive income (loss)2 (15)
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests4 4 
Total comprehensive loss attributable to Navistar International Corporation$(2)$(19)
(in millions)Three Months Ended April 30, Six Months Ended April 30,
2020
2019 2020 2019
Net loss$(33) $(43) $(65) $(26)
Foreign currency translation adjustment(103) (18) (111) (4)
Defined benefit plans, net of tax24
 23
 49
 138
Total other comprehensive income (loss)(79) 5
 (62) 134
Comprehensive income (loss)(112) (38) (127) 108
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests5
 5
 9
 11
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Navistar International Corporation$(117) $(43) $(136) $97


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
67




Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
As of January 31, 2021As of October 31, 2020
(in millions, except per share data)(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents$1,261 $1,843 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents135 64 
Trade and other receivables, net262 273 
Finance receivables, net1,246 1,371 
Inventories, net848 763 
Other current assets333 263 
Total current assets4,085 4,577 
Restricted cash68 66 
Trade and other receivables, net7 7 
Finance receivables, net254 251 
Investments in non-consolidated affiliates30 31 
Property and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $ 2,321 and $2,335, respectively)1,216 1,298 
Operating lease right of use assets115 119 
Goodwill38 38 
Intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization of $139 and $138, respectively)18 18 
Deferred taxes, net157 117 
Other noncurrent assets130 115 
Total assets$6,118 $6,637 
LIABILITIES and STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Notes payable and current maturities of long-term debt$565 $640 
Accounts payable1,281 1,278 
Other current liabilities1,428 1,453 
Total current liabilities3,274 3,371 
Long-term debt4,504 4,690 
Postretirement benefits liabilities1,464 1,705 
Other noncurrent liabilities701 693 
Total liabilities9,943 10,459 
Stockholders’ deficit
Series D convertible junior preference stock2 2 
Common stock, $0.10 par value per share (103.1 shares issued and 220 shares authorized at both dates)10 10 
Additional paid-in capital2,727 2,726 
Accumulated deficit(4,654)(4,566)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(1,786)(1,865)
Common stock held in treasury, at cost (3.4 and 3.5 shares, respectively)(132)(133)
Total stockholders’ deficit attributable to Navistar International Corporation(3,833)(3,826)
Stockholders’ equity attributable to non-controlling interests8 4 
Total stockholders’ deficit(3,825)(3,822)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit$6,118 $6,637 
 As of April 30, 2020 As of October 31, 2019
(in millions, except per share data)   
ASSETS(Unaudited)  
Current assets   
Cash and cash equivalents$1,547
 $1,370
Restricted cash and cash equivalents60
 133
Trade and other receivables, net225
 338
Finance receivables, net1,416
 1,923
Inventories, net1,012
 911
Other current assets265
 277
Total current assets4,525
 4,952
Restricted cash71
 54
Trade and other receivables, net8
 10
Finance receivables, net204
 274
Investments in non-consolidated affiliates28
 31
Property and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $2,333 and $2,488, respectively)1,207
 1,309
Operating lease right of use assets121
 —
Goodwill38
 38
Intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization of $138 and $142, respectively)19
 25
Deferred taxes, net117
 117
Other noncurrent assets102
 107
Total assets$6,440
 $6,917
LIABILITIES and STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT   
Liabilities   
Current liabilities   
Notes payable and current maturities of long-term debt$570
 $871
Accounts payable1,038
 1,341
Other current liabilities1,075
 1,363
Total current liabilities2,683
 3,575
Long-term debt4,859
 4,317
Postretirement benefits liabilities2,032
 2,103
Other noncurrent liabilities722
 645
Total liabilities10,296
 10,640
Stockholders’ deficit   
Series D convertible junior preference stock2
 2
Common stock, $0.10 par value per share (103.1 shares issued and 220 shares authorized at both dates)
10
 10
Additional paid-in capital2,725
 2,730
Accumulated deficit(4,296) (4,409)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(2,163) (1,912)
Common stock held in treasury, at cost (3.6 and 3.9 shares, respectively)(136) (147)
Total stockholders’ deficit attributable to Navistar International Corporation(3,858) (3,726)
Stockholders’ equity attributable to non-controlling interests2
 3
Total stockholders’ deficit(3,856) (3,723)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit$6,440
 $6,917


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
78



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended January 31,
(in millions)20212020
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss$(77)$(32)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization34 35 
Depreciation of equipment leased to others17 15 
Deferred taxes, including change in valuation allowance(34)(10)
Asset impairment charges31 0 
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount3 3 
Stock-based compensation4 5 
Provision for credit losses3 4 
Equity in loss of non-consolidated affiliates, net of dividends1 1 
Other non-cash operating activities(3)(2)
Changes in other assets and liabilities(109)80 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities(130)99 
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures(73)(59)
Purchases of equipment leased to others(25)(7)
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment6 2 
Investments in non-consolidated affiliates(9)0 
Proceeds from sales of investments and businesses0 10 
Net cash used in investing activities(101)(54)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of securitized debt26 8 
Principal payments on securitized debt(9)(16)
Net change in secured revolving credit facilities(64)(315)
Proceeds from issuance of non-securitized debt0 18 
Principal payments on non-securitized debt(5)(65)
Net change in notes and debt outstanding under revolving credit facilities(226)(88)
Debt issuance costs(1)0 
Proceeds from exercise of stock options0 2 
Dividends paid by subsidiaries to non-controlling interest0 (5)
Net cash used in financing activities(279)(461)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash1 (4)
Decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(509)(420)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period1,973 1,557 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period$1,464 $1,137 
 Six Months Ended April 30,
(in millions)2020 2019
Cash flows from operating activities   
Net loss$(65) $(26)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:   
Depreciation and amortization70
 66
Depreciation of equipment leased to others29
 31
Deferred taxes, including change in valuation allowance(9) (41)
Asset impairment charges13
 3
Gain on sales of investments and businesses, net—
 (59)
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount7
 12
Stock-based compensation13
 14
Provision for doubtful accounts9
 6
Equity in (income) loss of non-consolidated affiliates, net of dividends2
 (2)
Other non-cash operating activities(5) (4)
Changes in other assets and liabilities, exclusive of the effects of businesses disposed(182) (190)
Net cash used in operating activities(118) (190)
Cash flows from investing activities   
Maturities of marketable securities—
 79
Capital expenditures(90) (66)
Purchases of equipment leased to others(16) (76)
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment7
 5
Proceeds from sales of investments and businesses10
 95
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities(89) 37
Cash flows from financing activities   
Proceeds from issuance of securitized debt16
 —
Principal payments on securitized debt(30) (34)
Net change in secured revolving credit facilities(167) 275
Proceeds from issuance of non-securitized debt620
 73
Principal payments on non-securitized debt(107) (508)
Net change in notes and debt outstanding under revolving credit facilities24
 126
Debt issuance costs(10) (2)
Proceeds from financed lease obligations—
 9
Proceeds from exercise of stock options3
 2
Dividends paid by subsidiaries to non-controlling interest(10) (13)
Other financing activities(2) (2)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities337
 (74)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(9) (10)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash121
 (237)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period1,557
 1,445
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period$1,678
 $1,208


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
89



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit
(Unaudited)
(in millions)Series D
Convertible
Junior
Preference
Stock		Common
Stock		Additional
Paid-in
Capital		Accumulated
Deficit		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		Common
Stock
Held in
Treasury,
at cost		Stockholders'
Equity
Attributable
to Non-controlling
Interests		Total
Balance as of October 31, 2020$2 $10 $2,726 $(4,566)$(1,865)$(133)$4 $(3,822)
Net income (loss)— — — (81)— — 4 (77)
Total other comprehensive income— — — — 79 — — 79 
Cumulative effect of adoption of new credit loss standard— — — (7)— — — (7)
Stock-based compensation— — 1 — — — — 1 
Stock ownership programs— — — — — 1 — 1 
Balance as of January 31, 2021$2 $10 $2,727 $(4,654)$(1,786)$(132)$8 $(3,825)
Balance as of October 31, 2019$2 $10 $2,730 $(4,409)$(1,912)$(147)$3 $(3,723)
Net income (loss)— — — (36)— — 4 (32)
Total other comprehensive income— — — — 17 — — 17 
Reclassification of stranded tax effects— — — 189 (189)— — 0 
Stock-based compensation— — 2 — — — — 2 
Stock ownership programs— — (2)— — 4 — 2 
Cash dividends paid to non-controlling interest— — — — — — (5)(5)
Balance as of January 31, 2020$2 $10 $2,730 $(4,256)$(2,084)$(143)$2 $(3,739)

(in millions)Series D
Convertible
Junior
Preference
Stock		 Common
Stock		 Additional
Paid-in
Capital		 Accumulated
Deficit		 Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		 Common
Stock
Held in
Treasury,
at cost		 Stockholders'
Equity
Attributable
to Non-controlling
Interests		 Total
Balance as of October 31, 2019$2
 $10
 $2,730
 $(4,409) $(1,912) $(147) $3
 $(3,723)
Net income (loss)—
—
—

—

(36)
—

—

4

(32)
Total other comprehensive income—


—

—

—

17

—

—

17
Reclassification of stranded tax effects—


—

—

189

(189)
—

—

—
Stock-based compensation—


—

2

—

—

—

—

2
Stock ownership programs—


—

(2)
—

—

4

—

2
Cash dividends paid to non-controlling interest—


—

—

—

—

—

(5)
(5)
Balance as of January 31, 2020$2


$10

$2,730

$(4,256)
$(2,084)
$(143)
$2

$(3,739)
Net income (loss)—
—
—

—

(38)
—

—

5

(33)
Total other comprehensive loss—


—

—

—

(79)
—

—

(79)
Stock-based compensation—


—

1

—

—

—

—

1
Stock ownership programs—


—

(6)
(2)
—

7

—

(1)
Cash dividends paid to non-controlling interest—


—

—

—

—

—

(5)
(5)
Balance as of April 30, 2020$2
 $10
 $2,725
 $(4,296) $(2,163) $(136) $2
 $(3,856)
(in millions)Series D
Convertible
Junior
Preference
Stock		 Common
Stock		 Additional
Paid-in
Capital		 Accumulated
Deficit		 Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		 Common
Stock
Held in
Treasury,
at cost		 Stockholders'
Equity
Attributable
to Non-controlling
Interests		 Total
Balance as of October 31, 2018$2
 $10
 $2,731
 $(4,593) $(1,920) $(161) $5
 $(3,926)
Net income—

—

—

11

—

—

6

17
Total other comprehensive income—

—

—

—

129

—

—

129
ASC-606 modified retrospective adoption—

—

—

(27)
—


—

—

(27)
Stock-based compensation—

—

2

—

—

—

—

2
Stock ownership programs—

—

(1)
—

—

1

—

—
Cash dividends paid to non-controlling interest—

—

—

—

—

—

(8)
(8)
Balance as of January 31, 2019$2
 $10
 $2,732
 $(4,609) $(1,791) $(160) $3
 $(3,813)
Net income (loss)—

—

—

(48)
—
—
—

5

(43)
Total other comprehensive income—

—

—

—

5


—

—

5
Stock-based compensation—

—

5

—

—


—

—

5
Stock ownership programs—

—

(9)
—

—


8

—

(1)
Cash dividends paid to non-controlling interest—

—

—

—

—


—

(5)
(5)
Balance as of April 30, 2019$2
 $10
 $2,728
 $(4,657) $(1,786) $(152) $3
 $(3,852)


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
910


Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsStatements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization and Description of the Business
Navistar International Corporation ("NIC"), incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in 1993, is a holding company whose principal operating entities are Navistar, Inc. ("NI") and Navistar Financial Corporation ("NFC"). References herein to the "Company," "we," "our," or "us" refer collectively to NIC and its consolidated subsidiaries, including certain variable interest entities ("VIEs") of which we are the primary beneficiary. We operate in 4 principal industry segments: Truck, Parts, Global Operations (collectively called "Manufacturing operations"), and Financial Services, which consists of NFC and our foreign finance operations (collectively called "Financial Services operations"). These segments are discussed in Note 13, Segment Reporting.
Our fiscal year ends on October 31. As such, all references to 2021, 2020, 2019, and other years contained within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q relate to the fiscal year, unless otherwise indicated.
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of our Manufacturing operations and our Financial Services operations, including VIEs of which we are the primary beneficiary. The effects of transactions among consolidated entities have been eliminated to arrive at the consolidated amounts.
We prepared the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements in accordance with United States ("U.S.") generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for comprehensive annual financial statements.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting policies described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2019,2020, which should be read in conjunction with the disclosures therein. In our opinion, these interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of annual operating results.
Variable Interest Entities
We have an interest in several VIEs, primarily joint ventures, established to manufacture or distribute products and enhance our operational capabilities. We have determined for certain of our VIEs that we are the primary beneficiary because we have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and we have the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Accordingly, we include in our consolidated financial statements the assets and liabilities and results of operations of those entities, even though we may not own a majority voting interest. The liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating these VIEs do not represent additional claims on our general assets; rather they represent claims against the specific assets of these VIEs. Assets of these entities are not readily available to satisfy claims against our general assets.
We are the primary beneficiary of our Blue Diamond Parts, LLC ("BDP") joint venture with Ford Motor Company ("Ford"). As a result, our Consolidated Balance Sheets include assets of $18$47 million and $32$37 million, as of April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively, and liabilities of $4 million for both periods. Asand $3 million, as of April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019,2020, respectively. As of January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020, assets include $4$30 million and $2$4 million of cash and cash equivalents, respectively, which are not readily available to satisfy claims against our general assets. The creditors of BDP do not have recourse to our general credit. In October 2019, Ford notified us of its intention to dissolve the BDP joint venture effective October 2021.
Our Financial Services segment consolidates several VIEs. As a result, our Consolidated Balance Sheets include secured assets of $806$640 million and $927$661 million as of April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019,2020, respectively, and liabilities of $725$600 million and $838$610 million as of April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019,2020, respectively, all of which are involved in securitizations that are treated as asset-backed debt. In addition, our Consolidated Balance Sheets include secured assets of $255$378 million and $537$397 million as of April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019,2020, respectively, and corresponding liabilities of $180$252 million and $279$288 million, at the respective dates, which are related to other secured transactions that do not qualify for sale accounting treatment, and, therefore, are treated as borrowings secured by operating and finance leases. Investors that hold securitization debt have a priority claim on the cash flows generated by their respective securitized assets to the extent that the related VIEs are required to make principal and interest payments. Investors in securitizations of these entities have no recourse to our general credit.

11
10



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



We also have an interest in other VIEs, which we do not consolidate because we are not the primary beneficiary. Our financial support and maximum loss exposure relating to these non-consolidated VIEs are not material to our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
We use the equity method to account for our investments in entities that we do not control under the voting interest or variable interest models, but where we have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies. Equity in income (loss) of non-consolidated affiliates includes our share of the net income (loss) of these entities.
Related Party Transactions
On November 7, 2020, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with TRATON SE, a Societas Europaea (“Parent”) and Dusk Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Parent (“Merger Subsidiary”), pursuant to which Merger Subsidiary will be merged with and into the Company (the “Merger”), with the Company continuing as the surviving company in the Merger as a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Parent (the
“Surviving Corporation”). Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), (a) each share of common stock of the Company, par value $0.10 per share (“Company Stock”) outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, unless otherwise provided by the Merger Agreement, shall be automatically canceled and converted into the right to receive $44.50 in cash, without interest (the “Common Merger
Consideration”); (b) each share of Series D Convertible Junior Preference Stock of the Company, par value $1.00 per share (“Series D Stock”) outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, unless otherwise provided in the Merger Agreement, shall be automatically canceled and converted into an amount in cash, without interest, equal to the portion of the Common Merger Consideration that would have been payable in respect of such share of Series D Stock had such share of Series D Stock been converted into Company Stock pursuant to the terms of the certificate of incorporation of the Company in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time; and (c) the sole share of Series B Nonconvertible Junior Preference Stock of the Company, par value $1.00 (“Series B Stock”), issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall be unaffected by the Merger and shall remain outstanding as one share of Series B Stock of the Surviving Corporation, with the same rights, powers, preferences and privileges attributable to the sole share of Series B Stock immediately prior to the Effective Time.
We have a series of commercial relationships and agreements with TRATON SE and certain of its subsidiaries and affiliates ("TRATON Group") for royalties related to use of certain engine technology, contract manufacturing operations performed by us, the sale of engines, the sale and purchase of parts, and a procurement joint venture. We also have development agreements with TRATON Group involving certain engine and transmission projects. This development work is being expensed as incurred. During the third quarter of 2020, we informed MAN, a subsidiary of the TRATON Group, of the cancellation of a certain engine program. The parties disagree about the effects of the cancellation under the terms of the applicable agreement and are having commercial discussions related to the consequences of the program cancellation. The ultimate resolution may result in additional expenses which could be material. We are unable to estimate the amount of these expenses at this time. Revenue recognized from the agreements with the TRATON Group for the three months and six months ended April 30,January 31, 2021 and 2020 was approximately $12$50 million and $43$31 million, respectively, compared to $42 million and $71 million in the comparable prior year periods.respectively. Net expenses incurred for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and six months ended April 30, 2020 was $7were $24 million and $24$17 million, respectively, compared to $5 million and $18 million in the respective prior year periods, included primarily in Engineering and product development costs onin our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Our receivable from TRATON Group was $4$12 million and $13$18 million as of April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019,2020, respectively. Our payable to TRATON Group was $75$104 million and $55$90 million as of April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019,2020, respectively.
We have an exclusive long-term agreement to supply military and commercial parts and chassis to our former defense business, ND Holdings, LLC (“Navistar Defense”), in which we retain a 30% ownership interest. WeThe sale of a 70% equity interest in Navistar Defense to an affiliate of Cerberus Capital Management, L.P. was completed in December 2018. In connection with the closing of the transaction, we also entered into an intellectual property agreement and a transition services agreement. ForRevenue recognized for the three and six months ended April 30,January 31, 2021 and 2020, revenue recognized was approximately $11$4 million and $25$14 million, respectively, compared to $28 million and $34 million in the respective prior year periods.respectively. As of April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019,2020, our receivables from Navistar Defense were $27$11 million and $29$8 million, respectively.
Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is principally determined using the first-in, first-out method. Our gross used truck inventory was $232$127 million at April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 compared to $200$135 million at October 31, 2019,2020, offset by reserves of $70$25 million and $37 million, respectively.

12

Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

Property and Equipment
We report land, buildings, leasehold improvements, machinery and equipment (including tooling and pattern equipment), furniture, fixtures, and equipment, and equipment leased to others at cost, net of depreciation. We initially record assets under capitalfinance lease obligations at the lower of their fair value or the present value of the aggregate future minimum lease payments. We depreciate our assets using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the assets.
We test for impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset or asset group (hereinafter referred to as "asset group") may not be recoverable by comparing the sum of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the operation of the asset group and its eventual disposition to the carrying value. It is reasonably possible that within the next twelve months, we could recognize additional impairment charges for certain trucks under operating leases where Navistar is a lessor, which could be material, if we experience continued declines in excess of our forecasted expected residual values, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for used trucks or a change in the mix of sales through various market channels. For more information regarding asset impairment charges see Note 3.3, Restructurings,Restructuring, Impairments and Divestitures.

11



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



Product Warranty Liability
The following table presents accrued product warranty and deferred warranty revenue activity:
Three Months Ended January 31,
Six Months Ended April 30,
(in millions)2020 2019(in millions)20212020
Balance at beginning of period$510
 $529
Balance at beginning of period$449 $510 
Costs accrued and revenues deferred73
 118
Costs accrued and revenues deferred31 35 
Adjustments to pre-existing warranties(A)
17
 2
Adjustments to pre-existing warranties(A)
49 4 
Payments and revenues recognized(132) (138)Payments and revenues recognized(66)(67)
Other adjustments(B)
—
 12
Other adjustments(B)
(1)0 
Balance at end of period468
 523
Balance at end of period462 482 
Less: Current portion215
 261
Less: Current portion225 201 
Noncurrent accrued product warranty and deferred warranty revenue$253
 $262
Noncurrent accrued product warranty and deferred warranty revenue$237 $281 
_________________________
(A)Adjustments to pre-existing warranties reflect changes in our estimate of warranty costs for products sold in prior fiscal periods. Such adjustments typically occur when claims experience deviates from historic and expected trends. Our warranty liability is generally affected by component failure rates, repair costs, and the timing of failures. Future events and circumstances related to these factors could materially change our estimates and require adjustments to our liability. In addition, new product launches require a greater use of judgment in developing estimates until historical experience becomes available.
(B)Other adjustments in 2019 include a $14 million increase in revenues deferred in connection with the adoption of the new revenue standard (as defined below regarding Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606), partially offset by a $2 million reduction in liability related to the sale of a majority interest in Navistar Defense.
(A)    Adjustments to pre-existing warranties reflect changes in our estimate of warranty costs for products sold in prior fiscal periods. Such adjustments typically occur when claims experience deviates from historic and expected trends. In the first quarter of 2021, we had higher adjustments to prior periods related to standard Truck warranties than we had in the first quarter of 2020. Our warranty liability is generally affected by component failure rates, repair costs, and the timing of failures. Future events and circumstances related to these factors could materially change our estimates and require adjustments to our liability. In addition, new product launches require a greater use of judgment in developing estimates until historical experience becomes available.
(B) Other adjustments consist of $1 million of adjustments to pre-existing warranty accruals related to discontinued operations.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the periods presented. Significant estimates and assumptions are used for, but are not limited to, pension and other postretirement benefits, allowance for doubtful accounts,credit losses, tax contingency accruals and valuation allowances, product warranty accruals, asbestos and other product liability accruals, asset impairment charges, restructuring charges and litigation-related accruals. Actual results could differ from our estimates.
Concentration Risks
Our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows are subject to concentration risks related to our significant unionized workforce. As of April 30, 2020,January 31, 2021, approximately 7,100,7,300, or 99%, of our hourly workers and approximately 700, or 13%, of our salaried workers, are represented by labor unions and are covered by collective bargaining agreements. Our future operations may be affected by changes in governmental procurement policies, budget considerations, changing national defense requirements, and political, regulatory and economic developments in the U.S. and certain foreign countries (primarily Canada, Mexico, and Brazil).

13

Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

Due to disruptions in our supply chain resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, our global manufacturing activities at certain of our production facilities have been impacted. Some of our suppliers are the sole source for a particular supply item (e.g., the majority of engines, parts and manufactured components) and cannot be quickly or inexpensively re-sourced to another supplier due to long lead times and contractual commitments that might be required by another supplier in order to provide the component or materials. Even asWe continue to monitor our supply chain, though production resumeshas resumed by us and our suppliers, productionsuppliers. Production volumes may be volatile. If we are unsuccessfulvolatile in managing the re-startnear term due to supplier constraints, which may materially impact the results of our production, our results of operations may be materially affected.operations.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In February 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") No. 2018-02, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220)". This ASU provides guidance on a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for the effect of the tax rate change resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Tax Act"). The amendments eliminate the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act and will improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. We adopted this ASU on November 1, 2019 which resulted in a decrease to Accumulated deficit and an increase of Accumulated other comprehensive loss on our Consolidated Balance Sheet in the amount of $189 million related to the reclassification of the stranded tax effects.

12



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases" (Topic 842), and subsequently issued various ASUs to clarify the implementation guidance in ASU 2016-02. This ASU requires lessees to recognize, on the balance sheet, assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases of greater than twelve months. The accounting by lessors remained largely unchanged. We adopted this ASU by using the optional modified retrospective basis on November 1, 2019, with no effect on our Accumulated deficit.
We elected the ‘package of practical expedients’, which permits us not to reassess under the new standard our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs, as well as the practical expedient related to land easements. We did not elect the use-of-hindsight. For lessor accounting, we elected to exclude taxes collected from customers, such as sales, use and value added, from the measurement of lease income and expense.
We evaluated our lease population to assess the effect of the guidance on our consolidated financial statements and recorded right of use assets for operating leases related to certain property and equipment of $111 million and lease liabilities of $114 million. The new lease standard also resulted in changes in the classification of certain sales that were previously recorded as borrowings, as we retained control of the related equipment, in Long-term debt in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Under the new lease standard, on a prospective basis, these transactions are classified as operating lease liabilities recognized as Other current liabilities and Other noncurrent liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, the new lease standard requires lessors to classify cash receipts from leases within operating activities. As a result, cash receipts from operating leases which were accounted for as borrowings are presented as an operating cash inflow rather than the previous presentation as a financing cash inflow.
The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. For more information on leases, refer to Note 7. Leases
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In December 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update ASU No. 2019-12, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes". This ASU simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions previously included in the guidance. In addition, the ASU provides new guidance on accounting for specific taxes and minor codification improvements. This ASU is effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (Topic 326), and subsequently issued various ASUs to clarify the implementation guidance in ASU 2016-13. This ASU sets forth an expected credit loss model which requires the measurement of expected credit losses for financial instruments based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, and certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. Adoption will require a modified retrospective transition. This ASU is effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal year 2021. The impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements will primarily resultresulted from our Financial Services operations and certain financial guarantees.
We measure expected credit losses differently depending on the type of receivable or credit exposure. To measure expected credit losses on our finance receivables we use recent historical loss data, then we apply a forward-looking adjustment based on internal and external forecasts of the relevant unemployment rate and real GDP. The forward-looking adjustment is determined using the relationship between these economic indicators and our historical loss data. The forward-looking adjustment is applied to the first two years of the amortizing receivables balances, after which, the estimate reverts to the historical loss rate on a one-year straight-line basis throughout the full remaining amortization period of the receivables. We have determined that two years is a reasonable and supportable forecast period. Additionally, we may make further quantitative or qualitative adjustments to the above models if we determine that the result is not representative of the expected credit loss after assessing the current condition of the credit environment. Our wholesale notes and accounts receivable, retail accounts, trade accounts and other receivables are short term in nature and do not have a measurable pattern of historical losses, therefore, we use the average loss per occurrence, based on historical losses, if any. Expected credit losses are recorded as an allowance for credit losses and netted against finance or trade receivables on the balance sheet through a charge to Selling, general and administrative expenses.
When we identify significant customers as a probable risk of default, we segregate those customers’ receivables and specifically measure the expected credit loss based primarily on the market value of the collateral, less remarketing costs. We use our used truck inventory values in estimating the market value of collateral.
We measure the expected credit loss of our off-balance sheet financial guarantees using the same model as our finance receivables including the application of the two-year reasonable and will largely dependsupportable forecast period and the reversion to historical loss data. A guarantee reserve is established in Other current liabilities through a charge to Sales of manufactured products, net. See Note 11, Fair Value Measurements, and Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies, for more information on economic conditions and forecasts existing at the timeour financial guarantees.
The adoption of adoption.ASU No. 2016-13 includes new disclosures which can be found in Note 5, Allowance for Credit Losses, which was previously referred to as Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. See Note 5 for a beginning balance reconciliation from Allowance for Doubtful Accounts.

13
14



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



We adopted this ASU using a modified retrospective transition on November 1, 2020. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standard in effect for those periods. The cumulative effects of the adjustment made to our November 1, 2020 Consolidated Balance Sheet for the adoption of the new credit loss standard were as follows:
(in millions)Balance at October 31, 2020Change Due to New StandardBalance at November 1, 2020
ASSETS
Current assets
Finance receivables, net$1,371 $(3)$1,368 
     Total current assets4,577 (3)4,574 
Finance receivables, net251 (4)247 
Trade and other receivables, net7 (1)6 
Deferred taxes, net117 2 119 
     Total assets$6,637 $(6)$6,631 
LIABILITIES and STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Other current liabilities$1,453 $1 $1,454 
Total current liabilities3,371 1 3,372 
Total liabilities10,459 1 10,460 
Stockholders' deficit
Total stockholders' deficit attributable to Navistar International Corporation(3,826)(7)(3,833)
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit$6,637 $(6)$6,631 
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In December 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update ASU No. 2019-12, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes". This ASU simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions previously included in the guidance. In addition, the ASU provides new guidance on accounting for specific taxes and minor codification improvements. This ASU is effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.
2. Revenue
We account for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable.
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following tables disaggregate our external revenue by product type:
15
(in millions)Truck Parts Global Operations Financial
Services		 Corporate
and
Eliminations		 Total
Three Months Ended April 30, 2020           
Truck products and services(A)
$1,257
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $3
 $1,260
Truck contract manufacturing59
 —
 —
 —
 —
 59
Used trucks42
 —
 —
 —
 —
 42
Engines—
 49
 36
 —
 —
 85
Parts1
 393
 11
 —
 —
 405
Extended warranty contracts26
 —
 —
 —
 —
 26
Sales of manufactured products, net1,385
 442
 47
 —
 3
 1,877
Retail financing(C)
—
 —
 —
 41
 (2) 39
Wholesale financing(C)
—
 —
 —
 9
 —
 9
Finance revenues—
 —
 —
 50
 (2) 48
Sales and revenues, net$1,385
 $442
 $47
 $50
 $1
 $1,925

(in millions)Truck Parts Global Operations Financial
Services		 Corporate
and
Eliminations		 Total
Six Months Ended April 30, 2020           
Truck products and services(A)
$2,332
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $6
 $2,338
Truck contract manufacturing156
 —
 —
 —
 —
 156
Used trucks83
 —
 —
 —
 —
 83
Engines—
 99
 83
 —
 —
 182
Parts1
 835
 25
 —
 —
 861
Extended warranty contracts51
 —
 —
 —
 —
 51
Sales of manufactured products, net2,623
 934
 108
 —
 6
 3,671
Retail financing(C)
—
 —
 —
 78
 (4) 74
Wholesale financing(C)
—
 —
 —
 18
 —
 18
Finance revenues—
 —
 —
 96
 (4) 92
Sales and revenues, net$2,623
 $934
 $108
 $96
 $2
 $3,763

14



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



Disaggregation of Revenue
The following tables disaggregate our external revenue by product type:
(in millions)Truck Parts Global Operations Financial
Services		 Corporate
and
Eliminations		 Total(in millions)TruckPartsGlobal OperationsFinancial
Services		Corporate
and
Eliminations		Total
Three Months Ended April 30, 2019           
Three Months Ended January 31, 2021Three Months Ended January 31, 2021
Truck products and services(A)
$2,099
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $3
 $2,102
Truck products and services(A)
$1,014 $0 $0 $0 $2 $1,016 
Truck contract manufacturing112
 —
 —
 —
 —
 112
Truck contract manufacturing109 0 0 0 0 109 
Used trucks46
 —
 —
 —
 —
 46
Used trucks58 0 0 0 0 58 
Engines—
 78
 60
 —
 —
 138
Engines0 50 73 0 0 123 
Parts1
 500
 20
 —
 —
 521
Parts0 415 16 0 0 431 
Extended warranty contracts29
 —
 —
 —
 —
 29
Extended warranty contracts32 0 0 0 0 32 
Sales of manufactured products, net2,287
 578
 80
 —
 3
 2,948
Sales of manufactured products, net1,213 465 89 0 2 1,769 
Retail financing(C)(B)
—
 —
 —
 36
 —
 36
0 0 0 39 (2)37 
Wholesale financing(C)(B)
—
 —
 —
 12
 —
 12
0 0 0 6 0 6 
Finance revenues—
 —
 —
 48
 —
 48
Finance revenues0 0 0 45 (2)43 
Sales and revenues, net$2,287
 $578
 $80
 $48
 $3
 $2,996
Sales and revenues, net$1,213 $465 $89 $45 $0 $1,812 

(in millions)Truck Parts Global Operations Financial
Services		 Corporate
and
Eliminations		 Total(in millions)TruckPartsGlobal OperationsFinancial
Services		Corporate
and
Eliminations		Total
Six Months Ended April 30, 2019           
Truck products and services(A)(B)
$3,776
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $6
 $3,782
Three Months Ended January 31, 2020Three Months Ended January 31, 2020
Truck products and services(A)
Truck products and services(A)
$1,075 $0 $0 $0 $3 $1,078 
Truck contract manufacturing130
 —
 —
 —
 —
 130
Truck contract manufacturing97 0 0 0 0 97 
Used trucks97
 —
 —
 —
 —
 97
Used trucks41 0 0 0 0 41 
Engines—
 144
 105
 —
 —
 249
Engines0 50 47 0 0 97 
Parts2
 980
 36
 —
 —
 1,018
Parts0 442 14 0 0 456 
Extended warranty contracts58
 —
 —
 —
 —
 58
Extended warranty contracts25 0 0 0 0 25 
Sales of manufactured products, net4,063
 1,124
 141
 —
 6
 5,334
Sales of manufactured products, net1,238 492 61 0 3 1,794 
Retail financing(C)(B)
—
 —
 —
 71
 —
 71
0 0 0 37 (2)35 
Wholesale financing(C)(B)
—
 —
 —
 24
 —
 24
0 0 0 9 0 9 
Finance revenues—
 —
 —
 95
 —
 95
Finance revenues0 0 0 46 (2)44 
Sales and revenues, net$4,063
 $1,124
 $141
 $95
 $6
 $5,429
Sales and revenues, net$1,238 $492 $61 $46 $1 $1,838 
_________________________
(A)Includes other markets primarily consisting of Bus, Export Truck and Mexico.
(B)
Includes military sales of $62 million. In December 2018, we completed the sale of a 70% equity interest in Navistar Defense. See Note 3, Restructuring, Impairments and Divestitures for additional information.
(A)     Includes other markets primarily consisting of Bus, Export Truck and Mexico.
(B)     Retail financing and Wholesale financing revenues in the Financial Services segment include interest revenue of $14 million and $6 million, respectively, for the three months ended January 31, 2021, and $15 million and $9 million, respectively, for the three months ended January 31, 2020.
(C)Retail financing revenues in the Financial Services segment include interest revenue of $17 million and $32 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, respectively, and $14 million and $27 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2019, respectively. Wholesale financing revenues in the Financial Services segment include interest revenue of $8 million and $18 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, respectively, and $12 million and $24 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2019, respectively.
Trucks, Truck Contract Manufacturing, Used trucks,Trucks, Engines and Parts
Revenue for our truck products and services, certain truck contract manufacturing, used trucks, certain engines and parts is recognized at a point in time when control is transferred to the customer. Our trucks, used trucks, engines, and parts have a standard warranty, the estimated cost of which is included in Costs of products sold.

15



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



Prior to our sale of a 70% equity interest in Navistar Defense, certain truck sales to the U.S. government of non-commercial products manufactured to government specification were recognized over time as the goods were manufactured. Certain truck and other contract manufacturing arrangements unrelated to Navistar Defense, continue to beare recognized over time. We recognize revenue over time when the finished assets have no alternative use and we have a right to payment for work performed in the event of a contract cancellation or when we create or enhance an asset that the customer controls as it is being created or enhanced. We recognize revenue using a cost-based input method because it best depicts our progress in satisfying the performance obligation. The selection of the method requires judgement and is based on the nature of the products or services to be provided.
Certain terms or modifications
16

Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to U.S. and foreign government contracts may have been unpriced; that is, the work to be performed was defined, but the related contract price was to be negotiated at a later date. In situations where we could reliably estimate a profit margin in excess of costs incurred, revenue and gross margin were recorded for delivered contract items. Otherwise, revenue was recognized when the price had been agreed with the applicable government and costs were deferred when it was probable that the costs would be recovered.Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

An allowance for parts sales returns is recorded as a reduction to revenue based upon estimates using historical information about returns. This includes when we are a reseller of certain service parts that include a core component. A core component is the basic forging or casting, such as an engine block, that can be remanufactured by a certified remanufacturing supplier. When a dealer returns a core component within the specified eligibility period, we refund the core return deposit, which is applied to the customer's account balance.
Extended Warranty Contracts
We sell separately-priced extended warranty contracts that can be purchased for periods ranging from one to ten years. Warranty revenue related to extended warranty contracts is recognized over the life of the contract in proportion to the costs expected to be incurred in satisfying the obligation under the contract. Costs under extended warranty contracts are expensed as incurred. We recognize losses on defined pools of extended warranty contracts when the remaining expected costs for a given pool of contracts exceed the related deferred revenue.
Retail and Wholesale Financing
Financial Services operations recognize revenue from retail notes, finance leases, wholesale notes, retail accounts, and wholesale accounts as Finance revenues over the term of the receivables utilizing the effective interest method. Certain direct origination costs and fees are deferred and recognized as adjustments to yield and are reported as part of interest income over the life of the receivable. Loans are impaired when we conclude it is probable the customer will not be able to make full payment according to contractual terms after reviewing the customer's financial performance, payment ability, capital-raising potential, management style, economic situation, and other factors. The accrual of interest on such loans is suspended when the loan becomes 90 days or more past due. Finance revenues on these loans are recognized only to the extent cash payments are received. We resume accruing interest on these accounts when payments are current according to the terms of the loans and future payments are reasonably assured.
Operating lease revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease. Recognition of revenue is suspended when management determines the collection of future revenue is not probable. Recognition of revenue is resumed if collection again becomes probable.
Performance Obligations
Generally, revenue from our sales is recognized at a point in time when control is transferred to the customer which generally occurs upon shipment from our plants and distribution centers or at the time of delivery to our customers. The standard payment term is less than 30 days, but we may extend payment terms on selected receivables. We have elected the practical expedient that allows the Company to not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component when the time between cash collection and transfer of control is less than one year.
We recognize price allowances, returns and the cost of incentive programs in the normal course of business based on programs offered to dealers or fleet customers. Estimates are made for sales incentives on certain vehicles in dealer stock inventory based on historical experience and announced special programs. The estimated sales incentives and returns are adjusted at the earlier of when the estimate of consideration we expect to receive changes or the consideration becomes fixed. For contracts where there is more than one performance obligation, discounts are allocated to all of the performance obligations in the contract based on their relative standalone selling prices.

16



Navistar International CorporationTruck sales arrangements with U.S. fleet customers are often complex and Subsidiaries
Notesnon-standard, and may include pricing allowances and other sales incentives, such as rebates, financing incentives, trade allowances and residual value guarantees, for which losses are generally capped. Truck sales to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



fleet customers are recognized in accordance with the terms of each contract. In certain arrangements, the evaluation of financing incentives and residual value guarantees may result in the transaction being recorded as an operating lease, as we retain control in the leased property. Concurrent with our recognition of revenue, we recognize price allowances and the cost of incentive programs in the normal course of business based on programs offered to our fleet customers.
Revenue on bill and hold arrangements is not recognized until after the customer is notified that the product (i) has been completed according to customer specifications, (ii) has passed our quality control inspections, (iii) is ready for physical transfer to the customer and (iv) the reason for the bill and hold arrangement is substantive.
We have elected to account for shipping and handling activities that occur subsequent to transfer of control as a fulfillment cost and not as a separate performance obligation. The costs are recognized as an expense in Costs of products sold when control of the related performance obligation has transferred to the customer. We do not disclose the transaction price related to order backlogs as they have an original expected duration of less than one year.
17

Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

We exclude from revenue any sales taxes, value added taxes and other related taxes collected from customers.
The impact of changes to revenue related to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods was not material to our consolidated financial statements in the secondfirst quarter of 2020.2021.
Contract Balances
Most of our contracts are for a period of less than one year. We have certain long-term contract manufacturing and extended warranty contracts that extend beyond one year. We record deferred revenue, primarily related to extended warranty contracts, when we receive consideration from a customer prior to transferring goods or services under the terms of a sales contract. This deferred revenue represents contract liabilities which are included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as components of current and long-term liabilities. The amount of manufacturing contract liabilities isas of both January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020 was not material to our consolidated financial statements.
The amount of deferred revenue related to extended warranty contracts was $256$231 million and $279$245 million at April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019,2020, respectively. Revenue recognized under our extended warranty programs was $26$32 million and $51$25 million for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and six months ended April 30, 2020, respectively, and $29 million and $58 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2019, respectively. We expect to recognize revenue under our extended warranty programs of approximately $45$69 million in the remainder of 2020, $86 million in 2021, $64$77 million in 2022, $36$47 million in 2023, $16$22 million in 2024, $9 million in 2025, and an aggregate amount of $9$7 million thereafter.
Contract Costs
We recognize incremental costs to obtain contracts as an asset if they are recoverable. We recognize the costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when the related contract period is less than one year. We have no contractContract costs capitalized were immaterial as of April 30, 2020.January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020, respectively.
3. Restructuring, Impairments and Divestitures
Restructuring charges are recorded based on restructuring plans that have been committed to by management and are, in part, based upon management's best estimates of future events. Changes to the estimates may require future adjustments to the restructuring liabilities.
Manufacturing Restructuring Activities
We continue to focus on our core Truck and Parts businesses and evaluate our portfolio of assets to validate their strategic and financial fit. This allows us to close or divest non-strategic businesses and identify opportunities to restructure our business and rationalize our Manufacturing operations in an effort to optimize our cost structure.
For those areas that fall outside our strategic businesses, we evaluate alternatives which could result in additional restructuring and other related charges in the future, including, but not limited to: (i) impairments, (ii) accelerated depreciation, (iii) costs for employee and contractor termination and other related benefits, (iv) relocation costs, and (iii)(v) charges for pension and other postretirement contractual benefits and curtailments. These charges could be significant.
Asset ImpairmentsMelrose Park Facility Disposition
On January 13, 2021, we approved a plan to sell our facility in Melrose Park, IL (the “Melrose Park Facility”) and cease all operations at the Melrose Park Facility by November 2021. In connection with the cessation of operations at the Melrose Park Facility, we expect that half of its current workforce of approximately 500 employees at the Melrose Park Facility will be transferred to our other facilities.
We estimate that we will incur total costs related to the exit from and disposition of the Melrose Park Facility of approximately $85 million, of which $75 million is expected to be incurred in fiscal year 2021, with the remainder being incurred in fiscal year 2022. The estimated total charges primarily include $21 million of restructuring costs, $21 million of relocation costs, and $33 million for accelerated depreciation and impairment charges.
In the three months ended April 30, 2020,first quarter of 2021, we identified a triggering event related to our operations in Brazil due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in declines in actual and forecasted results. We performed an impairment test as of April 30, 2020 on the long-lived assets of the Brazilian asset group. As a result, we recordedrecognized charges of $12 million in our Global Operations segment.
In the three months ended April 30, 2020, we concluded that we had triggering events related to certain assets under operating leases. As a result, we recorded charges of $1$47 million in our Truck segment.
In the three and six months ended April 30, 2019, we concluded that we had triggering events The charges primarily include $12 million related to certain assets under operating leases. As a result, wepension and OPEB liabilities and $9 million for severance pay recorded in Restructuring charges of $1 million and $3 million, respectively, in our Truck segment.

Consolidated Statements of Operations, and $25 million of impairment charges recorded in Asset impairment charges in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of January 31, 2021, we have $9 million of restructuring liability recorded in Other current liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. See Note 9, Postretirement Benefits, for further discussion.
17
18



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



Asset Impairments
In the three months ended January 31, 2021, we concluded that we had triggering events primarily related to certain trucks under operating leases, due to declines in expected residual values. As a result, we recorded charges of $6 million in our Truck segment. These charges were recorded in Asset impairment charges in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
See Note 11, Fair Value Measurements, for information on the valuation of impaired operating leases and other long-lived assets.
Navistar Defense Divestiture
In December 2018, we completed the sale of a 70% equity interest in Navistar Defense, to an affiliate of Cerberus Capital Management, L.P. In connection with the closing of the transaction, we entered into an exclusive long-term agreement to supply military and commercial parts and chassis to Navistar Defense. We also entered into an intellectual property agreement and a transition services agreement concurrent with the sale.
The Navistar Defense purchase price, adjusted for certain calendar year 2018 chargeouts, was approximately $140 million, which was subject to additional adjustments for working capital, transfers of certain liabilities and commitments, and other items. In the six months ended April 30, 2019, we recognized a gain on the sale in our Truck segment of $54 million in Other expense, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
4. Finance Receivables
Finance receivables are receivables of our Financial Services operations. Finance receivables generally consist of wholesale notes and accounts, as well as retail notes, finance leases and accounts. Total finance receivables reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are net of an allowance for doubtful accounts.credit losses. Total assets of our Financial Services operations net of intercompany balances were $2.1 billion and $2.8$2.2 billion as of April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019,2020, respectively.
Included in total assets of our Financial Services operations were finance receivables of $1.6$1.5 billion and $2.2$1.6 billion as of April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019,2020, respectively. We have 2 portfolio segments of finance receivables that we distinguish based on the type of customer and nature of the financing inherent to each portfolio. The retail portfolio segment represents loans or leases to end-users for the purchase or lease of vehicles. The wholesale portfolio segment represents loans to dealers to finance their inventory.
In connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, we have receivedcontinue to receive extension requests from certain customers in the retail note and finance lease and operating lease portfolios.portfolios in Mexico. These requests were generally granted for short-term extensions (less than 6 months)(6 months or less), without interest or principal forgiveness. The related credit exposure was not material to the consolidated financial statements. We will continue to monitor our portfolios in light of the ongoing economic uncertainties resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. We may offer additional extensions and modifications to customers going forward in order to maximize the recoverability of outstanding receivable balances.
Our Finance receivables, net in our Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of the following:
(in millions)As of April 30, 2020 As of October 31, 2019(in millions)As of January 31, 2021As of October 31, 2020
Retail portfolio$478
 $854
Retail portfolio$640 $622 
Wholesale portfolio1,165
 1,366
Wholesale portfolio895 1,025 
Total finance receivables1,643
 2,220
Total finance receivables1,535 1,647 
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts23
 23
Less: Allowance for credit lossesLess: Allowance for credit losses35 25 
Total finance receivables, net1,620
 2,197
Total finance receivables, net1,500 1,622 
Less: Current portion, net(A)
1,416
 1,923
Less: Current portion, net(A)
1,246 1,371 
Noncurrent portion, net$204
 $274
Noncurrent portion, net$254 $251 
_________________________
(A)The current portion of finance receivables is computed based on contractual maturities. Actual cash collections typically vary from the contractual cash flows because of prepayments, extensions, delinquencies, credit losses, and renewals.
(A)The current portion of finance receivables is computed based on contractual maturities. Actual cash collections typically vary from the contractual cash flows because of prepayments, extensions, delinquencies, credit losses, and renewals.
Securitizations
Our Financial Services operations transfer wholesale notes, retail accounts receivable, finance leases, and operating leases to special purpose entities ("SPEs"), which generally are only permitted to purchase these assets, issue asset-backed securities, and make payments on the securities issued. In addition to servicing receivables, our continued involvement in the SPEs may include an economic interest in the transferred receivables and, in some cases, managing exposure to interest rate changes on the securities using interest rate swaps or interest rate caps. There were no transfers of finance receivables that qualified for sale accounting treatment as of April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 or October 31, 2019,2020, and as a result, the transferred finance receivables are included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and the related interest earned is included in Finance revenues.

18



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



We transfer eligible finance receivables into owner trusts in order to issue asset-backed securities. These trusts are VIEs of which we are determined to be the primary beneficiary and, therefore, the assets and liabilities of the trusts are included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The outstanding balance of finance receivables transferred into these VIEs was $779$560 million and $874$649 million as of April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019,2020, respectively.
19

Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

Other finance receivables related to secured transactions that do not qualify for sale accounting treatment were $110$145 million and $358$182 million as of April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019,2020, respectively. For more information on assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs and other securitizations accounted for as secured borrowings by our Financial Services segment, see Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
Finance Revenues
The following table presents the components of our Finance revenues from our Financial Services segment:
 Three Months Ended April 30, Six Months Ended April 30,
(in millions)2020
2019 2020 2019
Retail notes and finance leases revenue$18
 $15
 $34
 $29
Wholesale notes interest19
 31
 35
 62
Operating lease revenue23
 22
 44
 43
Retail and wholesale accounts interest4
 10
 8
 18
Gross finance revenues64
 78
 121
 152
Less: Intercompany revenues14
 30
 25
 57
Finance revenues$50
 $48
 $96
 $95

Three Months Ended January 31,
(in millions)20212020
Retail notes and finance leases revenue$16 $16 
Wholesale notes revenue11 16 
Operating lease revenue23 21 
Retail and wholesale accounts revenue1 4 
Gross finance revenues51 57 
Less: Intercompany revenues6 11 
Finance revenues$45 $46 
5. Allowance for Doubtful AccountsCredit Losses
Our 2 finance receivables portfolio segments, retail and wholesale, each consist of 1 class of receivable based on: (i) initial measurement attributes of the receivables and (ii) the assessment and monitoring of risk and performance of the receivables. For more information, see Note 4, Finance Receivables.
The following tables present the activity related to our allowance for doubtful accountscredit losses for our retail portfolio segment, wholesale portfolio segment, and trade and other receivables:receivables. On November 1, 2020, we adopted ASU 2016-13. For an explanation of the adoption of ASU 2016-13, see Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:

Three Months Ended January 31, 2021
(in millions)Retail
Portfolio		Wholesale
Portfolio		Trade and
Other
Receivables		Total
Allowance for doubtful accounts at October 31, 2020$23 $2 $19 $44 
Adoption of ASU 2016-137 0 1 8 
Reclassifications(A)
0 0 (8)(8)
Allowance for credit losses at November 1, 202030 2 12 44 
Provision for credit losses3 0 0 3 
Charge-offs(2)0 0 (2)
Recoveries0 0 0 0 
Other(B)
2 0 0 2 
Allowance for credit losses at end of period$33 $2 $12 $47 
20
 Three Months Ended April 30, 2020 Three Months Ended April 30, 2019
(in millions)Retail
Portfolio		 Wholesale
Portfolio		 Trade and
Other
Receivables		 Total Retail
Portfolio		 Wholesale
Portfolio		 Trade and
Other
Receivables		 Total
Allowance for doubtful accounts, at beginning of period$22
 $3
 $21
 $46
 $20
 $3
 $28
 $51
Provision for doubtful accounts4
 (1) 2
 5
 3
 —
 2
 5
Charge-offs, net of recoveries(1) —
 —
 (1) (1) —
 (1) (2)
Other(A)
(4) —
 (3) (7) —
 —
 —
 —
Allowance for doubtful accounts, at end of period$21
 $2
 $20
 $43
 $22
 $3
 $29
 $54


19



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)




Six Months Ended April 30, 2020 Six Months Ended April 30, 2019Three Months Ended January 31, 2020
(in millions)Retail
Portfolio		 Wholesale
Portfolio		 Trade and
Other
Receivables		 Total Retail
Portfolio		 Wholesale
Portfolio		 Trade and
Other
Receivables		 Total(in millions)Retail
Portfolio		Wholesale
Portfolio		Trade and
Other
Receivables		Total
Allowance for doubtful accounts, at beginning of period$20
 $3
 $21
 $44
 $19
 $3
 $28
 $50
Allowance for doubtful accounts at beginning of periodAllowance for doubtful accounts at beginning of period$20 $3 $21 $44 
Provision for doubtful accounts7
 (1) 3
 9
 4
 —
 2
 6
Provision for doubtful accounts3 0 1 4 
Charge-offs, net of recoveries(3) —
 —
 (3) (2) —
 (1) (3)
Charge-offsCharge-offs(2)0 0 (2)
RecoveriesRecoveries0 0 0 0 
Other(A)(B)
(3) —
 (4) (7) 1
 —
 —
 1
1 0 (1)0 
Allowance for doubtful accounts, at end of period$21
 $2
 $20
 $43
 $22
 $3
 $29
 $54
Allowance for doubtful accounts at end of periodAllowance for doubtful accounts at end of period$22 $3 $21 $46 
____________________
(A) In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-13, we reclassified $8 million of non-credit allowances existing at October 31, 2020, to other components of Trade and other receivables, net and Other current liabilities.
(B) Amounts include the impact from currency translation.
Certain loss reserves on finance receivables are recorded by our Truck segment under trade and other receivables above.
Impaired finance receivables include non-performing and troubled debt restructurings ("TDR"). Non-performing receivables are those over 90 days past due or otherwise deemed not fully collectible under existing contractual terms. The accrual of interest income is suspended on certain impairednon-performing finance receivables. ImpairedAs such, the amortized cost of our finance receivables include accounts with specific loss reserves and certain accounts that are on non-accrual status. In certain cases, wecontains an insignificant amount of accrued interest. We may continue to collect payments on our impaired finance receivables.
The following table presents information regarding impaired finance receivables:
 April 30, 2020 October 31, 2019
(in millions)Retail
Portfolio		 Wholesale
Portfolio		 Total Retail
Portfolio		 Wholesale
Portfolio		 Total
Impaired finance receivables with specific loss reserves$26
 $—
 $26
 $23
 $—
 $23
Impaired finance receivables without specific loss reserves—
 —
 —
 1
 —
 1
Specific loss reserves on impaired finance receivables15
 —
 15
 11
 —
 11
Finance receivables on non-accrual status26
 —
 26
 24
 —
 24

 January 31, 2021October 31, 2020
(in millions)Retail
Portfolio		Wholesale
Portfolio		TotalRetail
Portfolio		Wholesale
Portfolio		Total
Impaired finance receivables with specific loss reserves$40 $0 $40 $31 $0 $31 
Impaired finance receivables without specific loss reserves0 0 0 0 0 0 
Specific loss reserves on impaired finance receivables14 0 14 12 0 12 
Finance receivables on non-accrual status29 0 29 31 0 31 
The average balances of the impaired finance receivables in the retail portfolio were $23$32 million and $21$25 million during the sixthree months ended April 30,January 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively. See Note 11, Fair Value Measurements, for information on the valuation of impaired finance receivables.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have grantedmay grant limited payment extensions to certain customers who were not past due before the pandemic. There wasis no forgiveness of principal or interest in connection with these extensions. As a result,For those extensions requiring further modifications, we concluded that these extensions were not troubled debt restructurings ("TDR").such modifications are TDRs. We have TDRs in the normal course of our Financial Services operations; however, such amounts are not material.
We use the aging ofThe age analysis is used to assess risk in our receivables as well as other inputs when assessing credit quality.portfolio segments and to aide in identifying impaired receivables. The following table presents the aging analysis for finance receivables:
April 30, 2020 October 31, 2019 January 31, 2021October 31, 2020
(in millions)Retail
Portfolio		 Wholesale
Portfolio		 Total Retail
Portfolio		 Wholesale
Portfolio		 Total(in millions)Retail
Portfolio		Wholesale
Portfolio		TotalRetail
Portfolio		Wholesale
Portfolio		Total
Current, and up to 30 days past due$417
 $1,164
 $1,581
 $753
 $1,365
 $2,118
Current, and up to 30 days past due$573 $894 $1,467 $558 $1,024 $1,582 
30-90 days past due43
 1
 44
 76
 1
 77
30-90 days past due45 1 46 44 1 45 
Over 90 days past due18
 —
 18
 25
 —
 25
Over 90 days past due22 0 22 20 0 20 
Total finance receivables$478
 $1,165
 $1,643
 $854
 $1,366
 $2,220
Total finance receivables$640 $895 $1,535 $622 $1,025 $1,647 

The following table presents the amortized cost of our receivables that have an original maturity of more than one year. Performing and non-performing receivables are disaggregated as we measure expected credit losses differently. This table excludes our wholesale portfolio, trade accounts and other receivables which are short term in nature.
20
21



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



Year of Origination
(in millions)20212020201920182017Prior to 2017Total
Retail - U.S. performing receivables$3 $18 $10 $5 $5 $1 $42 
Retail - Mexico performing receivables33 122 96 64 32 7 354 
   Total performing receivables36 140 106 69 37 8 396 
Retail - U.S. non-performing receivables0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Retail - Mexico non-performing receivables0 5 4 9 4 3 25 
   Total non-performing receivables0 5 4 9 4 3 25 
Retail - Total$36 $145 $110 $78 $41 $11 $421 
6. Inventories
The following table presents the components of Inventories, net in our Consolidated Balance Sheets:
(in millions)April 30,
2020		 October 31,
2019
Finished products$635
 $640
Work in process17
 21
Raw materials360
 250
Total inventories, net$1,012
 $911

(in millions)January 31,
2021		October 31,
2020
Finished products$524 $516 
Work in process60 25 
Raw materials264 222 
Total inventories, net$848 $763 
7. Leases

We account for a lease when an asset has been identified and when the contract conveys the right to control the use of the identified asset in exchange for consideration for a period of time. We determine whether an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception.
Lessee
We lease certain land, buildings,The following table presents balance sheet information related to finance and equipment under operating and finance leases for our distribution centers, manufacturing facilities and our corporate offices, expiring at various dates through 2030. Operating leases generally have 1 to 20 year terms, with options to extend the lease. Terms are generally negotiated at the time of renewal. Options to terminate are not common and may be included at the discretion of the lessor. Certain leases may include provisions for rent escalation based on actual costs incurred by the lessor. Variableleases:
(in millions)As of January 31, 2021As of October 31, 2020
Operating lease right of use assets$115 $119 
Finance lease right of use assets(A)
2 2 
     Total right of use assets$117 $121 
Operating lease liabilities
     Other current liabilities$29 $30 
     Other noncurrent liabilities89 92 
Finance lease liabilities
     Notes payable and current maturities of long-term debt0 1 
     Long-term debt1 1 
     Total lease liabilities$119 $124 
_________________________
(A)Finance lease payments, which are not material, are not included as right of use assets or lease liabilitiesare included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets Property and Equipment, net, and are expensed as incurred. Generally, our lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.
All real estate leases and equipment leases, with an initial term greater than 12 months, result in the recognition of a right of use asset and lease liability recognized on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Certain equipment leases with a term less than 12 months do not result in the recognition of right of use assets or lease liabilities. We recognize lease expense for those leases, which are not material, on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
We sublease certain real estate to third parties. In the second quarter of 2020, sublease income earned was not material to our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
We generally combine fixed lease and non-lease components for those leases we have entered into or reassessed after the adoption of the new lease standard. These assets primarily include real estate, manufacturing equipment and vehicles. The implicit rate of the majority of our leases is not known; therefore we use our incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments. For leases denominated in a foreign currency, the incremental borrowing rate is adjusted by replacing the U.S. credit-free spread with that of the specific country.
22
In the second quarter and first half of 2020, we incurred operating lease costs recorded in Costs of products sold of $2 million and $4 million, respectively. In the second quarter and first half of 2020, we incurred operating lease costs recorded in SG&A expenses of $6 million and $12 million, respectively. These charges were recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Finance lease costs were not material to our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

21



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



The following table presents balance sheet information related to operating leases:
(in millions)As of April 30, 2020
Operating lease right of use assets$121
Finance lease right of use assets(A)
2
     Total right of use assets$123
Operating lease liabilities

     Other current liabilities$30
     Other noncurrent liabilities94
Finance lease liabilities

     Notes payable and current maturities of long-term debt1
     Long-term debt1
     Total lease liabilities$126
_________________________
(A)
Finance lease right of use assets are included in Property and Equipment, net on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following table presents maturities of lease liabilities:

As of April 30, 2020
(in millions)Finance Leases Operating Leases
Remainder of 2020$—
 $17
20211
 33
20221
 25
2023—
 20
2024—
 13
Thereafter—
 32
     Total lease payments2
 140
Less: Present value discount—
 16
     Total lease liabilities$2
 $124


The following table presents future minimum lease payments:

As of October 31, 2019
(in millions)Capital Lease Obligations Operating Leases
2020$1
 $37
20211
 28
2022—
 22
2023—
 18
2024—
 13
Thereafter—
 31
     Total future minimum lease payments$2
 $149



22



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



The following table presents cash flow information related to leases:
(in millions)Three Months Ended April 30, 2020Six Months Ended April 30, 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities

 
     Operating cash flows from operating leases$10
$19
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities

 
     Operating leases$24
$28

The following table presents the weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate:

As of April 30, 2020

Finance Leases Operating Leases
Weighted-average remaining lease term9.0 years
 5.7 years
Weighted-average discount rate5.9% 4.3%

Lessor
We primarily lease trucks, tractors, and trailers to retail customers and dealers in the U.S. and Mexico through our Financial Services segment. These leases are classified as either operating or finance leases, expire at various dates, and typically have terms which allow an extension or fair value options to purchase the asset at the end of the lease term. The terms of leases generally range from 2 to 7 years, though extension periods may be for a shorter time. Our Financial Services segment manages the relationship with Navistar Capital (a program of BMO Harris Bank N.A. and Bank of Montreal (together, “BMO”)). Navistar Capital is our third-party preferred source of retail and lease customer financing for equipment offered by us and our dealers in the U.S. For certain Navistar Capital financed contracts which contain an end of term option for us to purchase the leased equipment if the customer declines to do so, we recognize the equipment subject to an operating lease as an asset on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. For more information related to the BMO arrangement, see Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies. We have also leased certain real estate to third parties to manage excess capacity through our Corporate segment.
We depreciate trucks, tractors, and trailers leased to customers under operating lease agreements on a straight-line basis to the equipment's estimated residual value over the lease term. The residual values of the equipment leased under operating lease agreements represent estimates of the value of the assets at the end of the lease contracts and are initially recorded based on estimates of future market values. Realization of the residual values is dependent on our future ability to market the equipment. We work with our customers and dealers to manage the sale of lease returns and the recovery of residual exposure. We also review residual values periodically to determine that recorded amounts are appropriate and the equipment is not impaired. For more information on key inputs and valuation methodologies in evaluating impairment of assets under operating lease agreements, see Note 11, Fair Value Measurements. For more information regarding impaired finance receivables see Note 5, Allowance for Doubtful AccountsCredit Losses, and Note 3, Restructuring, Impairments and Divestitures for impaired assets under operating leases.

The following table presents revenue from finance and operating leases, included in our Consolidated StatementStatements of Operations:

Three Months Ended April 30, 2020 Six Months Ended April 30, 2020Three Months Ended January 31, 2021Three Months Ended January 31, 2020
(in millions)
Finance Leases(A)
 Operating Leases 
Finance Leases(A)
 Operating Leases(in millions)
Finance Leases(A)
Operating Leases
Finance Leases(A)
Operating Leases
Sales of manufactured products, net$—
 $4
 $—
 $12
Sales of manufactured products, net$0 $6 $0 $8 
Finance revenues11
 22
 18
 41
Finance revenues7 21 7 19 
Other expense, net—
 2
 —
 3
Other expense, net0 1 0 1 
Total lease revenue$11
 $28
 $18
 $56
 Total lease revenue$7 $28 $7 $28 
_______________________
(A) Finance revenues consist primarily of interest income. Additional fees, such as late fees, are not material to our consolidated financial statements.


23



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



The following table presents the carrying amount of equipment leased to others, included in Property Plant and Equipment, net in our Consolidated Balance Sheets:
(in millions)April 30, 2020 October 31, 2019
Equipment leased to others, at original cost$484
 $562
Less: Accumulated depreciation118
 125
Equipment leased to others, net$366
 $437


The following table presents payments due from operating leases:
(in millions)April 30, 2020
Remainder of 2020$64
202181
202271
202352
202431
Thereafter43
     Total$342


The following table presents maturities of finance lease receivables reconciled to the net investment in finance leases:
(in millions)April 30, 2020
Remainder of 2020$74
202162
202244
202322
20249
Thereafter2
     Total213
Less: Unearned interest income43
     Net investment in finance leases$170

Operating and finance lease contracts generally may be repaid or refinanced prior to contractual maturity. Accordingly, this presentation should not be regarded as a forecast of future cash.


24



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



8. Debt
The following tables present the components of Notes payable and current maturities of long-term debt and Long-term debt in our Consolidated Balance Sheets:
(in millions)April 30, 2020
October 31, 2019
Manufacturing operations   
Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Agreement, due 2025, net of unamortized discount of $5 and $6, respectively, and unamortized debt issuance costs of $9 and $10, respectively$1,550
 $1,556
9.5% Senior Secured Notes, due 2025, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $12588
 —
6.625% Senior Notes, due 2026, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $14 and $15, respectively1,086
 1,085
Loan Agreement related to 6.75% Tax Exempt Bonds, due 2040, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $5 at both dates220
 220
Financed lease obligations51
 60
Other40
 11
Total Manufacturing operations debt3,535
 2,932
Less: Current portion66
 32
Net long-term Manufacturing operations debt$3,469
 $2,900

(in millions)January 31, 2021October 31, 2020
Manufacturing operations
Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Agreement, due 2025, net of unamortized discount of $5 at both dates and unamortized debt issuance costs of $7 and $8, respectively$1,540 $1,543 
9.5% Senior Secured Notes, due 2025, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $10 and $11, respectively590 589 
6.625% Senior Notes, due 2026, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $12 and $13, respectively1,088 1,087 
Loan Agreement related to 4.75% Tax Exempt Bonds, due 2040, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $2 at both dates223 223 
Financed lease obligations42 45 
Other5 9 
Total Manufacturing operations debt3,488 3,496 
Less: Current portion43 45 
Net long-term Manufacturing operations debt$3,445 $3,451 
(in millions)April 30, 2020 October 31, 2019
Financial Services operations   
Asset-backed debt issued by consolidated SPEs, at fixed and variable rates, due serially through 2023, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $2 and $4, respectively$788
 $991
Bank credit facilities, at fixed and variable rates, due dates from 2020 through 2025, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $1 at both dates991
 1,059
Commercial paper, at variable rates, program matures in 2022—
 84
Borrowings secured by operating and finance leases, at various rates, due serially through 2024115
 122
Total Financial Services operations debt1,894
 2,256
Less: Current portion504
 839
Net long-term Financial Services operations debt$1,390
 $1,417

Manufacturing Operations
9.5% Senior Secured Notes, due 2025
On April 27, 2020, we issued $600 million of 9.5% senior secured notes, due 2025 ("9.5% Senior Secured Notes"). Interest is payable on May 1 and November 1 of each year beginning on November 1, 2020 until the maturity date of May 1, 2025. The proceeds from the 9.5% Senior Secured Notes are being used for general corporate purposes in addition to certain transaction fees and expenses incurred in connection with the new 9.5% Senior Secured Notes. Debt issuance costs of $12 million were recorded as a direct deduction from the carrying amount and will be amortized through Interest expense over the life. The 9.5% Senior Secured Notes are subject to specific redemption pricing, restrictive payments, and change of control provisions.
(in millions)January 31, 2021October 31, 2020
Financial Services operations
Asset-backed debt issued by consolidated SPEs, at fixed and variable rates, due serially through 2022, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $3 and $4, respectively$661 $724 
Bank credit facilities, at fixed and variable rates, due dates from 2021 through 2026, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of less than $1 and $1, respectively731 940 
Borrowings secured by operating and finance leases, at various rates, due serially through 2026189 170 
Total Financial Services operations debt1,581 1,834 
Less: Current portion522 595 
Net long-term Financial Services operations debt$1,059 $1,239 
Financial Services Operations
Asset-backed Debt
In January 2020, theThe Truck Retail Accounts Corporation (“TRAC”) funding facility was renewed and extended to June 2021, withhas a capacity range of $100 million to $200 million.

million and renews automatically, subject to six months lender cancellation notice. Amounts borrowed under this facility for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020 were $64 million and $32 million, respectively. Repayments under this facility for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020 were $117 million and $157 million, respectively.
In May 2020, the maturity date of our variable funding notes ("VFN") facility was extended to May 2021, and the maximum capacity remained at $350 million. Amounts borrowed under this facility for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020 were 0 and $40 million, respectively. Repayments under this facility for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020 were $10 million and $225 million, respectively.

25



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



9. Postretirement Benefits
Defined Benefit Plans
We provide postretirement benefits to a substantial portion of our employees and retirees. Costs associated with postretirement benefits include pension and postretirement health care expenses for employees, retirees, surviving spouses and dependents.
24

Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

Generally, the pension plans are non-contributory. Our policy is to fund the pension plans in accordance with applicable U.S. and Canadian government regulations and to make additional contributions from time to time. For the sixthree months ended April 30,January 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, we contributed $30$191 million and $131$30 million, respectively, to our pension plans to meet regulatory funding requirements. During the first quarter of 2019, we accelerated the payment of a substantial portion of our 2019 minimum required funding. We do not expect any additional contributionsto contribute approximately $129 million to our pension plans during the remainder of 2020, as our previously expected remaining 2020 contributions of $162 million are deferred until the2021. The first quarter 2021 contributions include the $157 million of 2021contributions we deferred in 2020 under the provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act").
We primarily fund other post-employment benefits ("OPEB") obligations, such as retiree medical, in accordance with the 1993 Settlement Agreement (the "1993 Settlement Agreement"), which requires us to fund a portion of the plans' annual service cost to a retiree benefit trust (the "Base Trust"). The 1993 Settlement Agreement resolved a class action lawsuit originally filed in 1992 regarding the restructuring of our then applicable retiree health care and life insurance benefits. Contributions for the sixthree months ended April 30, 2020,January 31, 2021, as well as anticipated contributions for the remainder of 2020,2021, are not material.
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Expense
Net periodic benefit expense included in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended April 30,January 31, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 are comprised of the following:
 Three Months Ended April 30, Six Months Ended April 30,
 Pension Benefits Health and Life
Insurance Benefits		 Pension Benefits Health and Life
Insurance Benefits
(in millions)2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019
Service cost for benefits earned during the period$2
 $2
 $1
 $1
 $4
 $4
 $2
 $2
Interest on obligation21
 30
 7
 12
 42
 62
 14
 24
Amortization of cumulative loss24
 23
 —
 —
 49
 47
 —
 —
Settlements—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 142
 —
 —
Premiums on pension insurance3
 3
 —
 —
 6
 4
 —
 —
Expected return on assets(36) (35) (5) (6) (72) (73) (10) (11)
Net periodic benefit expense$14
 $23
 $3
 $7
 $29
 $186
 $6
 $15

Three Months Ended January 31,
 Pension BenefitsHealth and Life
Insurance Benefits
(in millions)2021202020212020
Service cost for benefits earned during the period$2 $2 $0 $1 
Interest on obligation14 21 3 7 
Amortization of cumulative loss (gain)27 25 (10)0 
Contractual termination benefits9 0 3 0 
Premiums on pension insurance3 3 0 0 
Expected return on assets(33)(36)(4)(5)
Net periodic benefit expense (income)$22 $15 $(8)$3 
ComponentsContractual termination benefits are recorded in our Truck segment within Restructuring charges in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. All other components of net periodic benefit cost other than service cost are included in Other expense, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
In the six months ended April 30, 2019,first quarter of 2021, we purchased group annuity contracts for certain retired pensioncommitted to a plan participants resulting in plan remeasurements. The purchase ofto cease all operations at the group annuity contracts was funded directlyMelrose Park Facility by the assets of our pension plans.November 2021. As a result, in the six months ended April 30, 2019, net actuarial lossesfirst quarter of $112021, we recognized $9 million of pension and $3 million of OPEB contractual termination benefits charges. These charges were recognized as components ofrecorded in our Truck segment within Accumulated other comprehensive loss and non-cash pension settlement accounting expenses of $142 million were recognized in Other expense, netRestructuring charges in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 3, Restructuring, Impairments and Divestitures for further discussion. A pension curtailment gain of $2 million, an OPEB curtailment loss of $7 million and net actuarial gains of $43 million resulting from pension and OPEB remeasurements in connection with our Melrose Park Facility announcement were recognized as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the first quarter of 2021.
Defined Contribution Plans and Other Contractual Arrangements
Our defined contribution plans cover a substantial portion of domestic salaried employees and certain domestic represented employees. The defined contribution plans contain a 401(k) feature and provide most participants with a matching contribution from the Company. In light of recent developments relating to the COVID-19 pandemic,fiscal 2020, we have implemented cash conservation initiatives, including a delay in certain 401(k) company matching contributions until 2021. The matching contribution delay was effective March 1, 2020. Prior to this, the matching contributions for non-represented employees were deposited monthly. Effective January 2021, the matching contributions went back to being deposited on a monthly basis. Many participants covered by the plans receive annual Company contributions to their retirement accounts based on an age-weighted percentage of the participant's eligible compensation for the calendar year. Defined contribution expense pursuant to these plans was $11$7 million and $19$8 million for the three and six months ended April 30,January 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $12 million and $20 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2019, respectively.

26



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



In accordance with the 1993 Settlement Agreement, an independent Retiree Supplemental Benefit Trust (the "Supplemental Trust") was established. The Supplemental Trust, and the benefits it provides to certain retirees pursuant to a certain Retiree Supplemental Benefit Program ("Supplemental Benefit Program") under the 1993 Settlement Agreement, is not part of our consolidated financial statements.
25

Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

Our contingent profit sharing obligations under a certain Supplemental Benefit Trust Profit Sharing Plan will continue until certain funding targets defined by the 1993 Settlement Agreement are met. As noted within the Profit Sharing Disputes section of Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies, the Company requested the Court reform the 1993 Settlement Agreement to provide clarity regarding certain “Profit Sharing Cessation Date” provisions, which relate to the timing and impact of the cessation of the Company’s Profit Sharing Plan contributions. We recordare currently unable to determine whether we have achieved the certain funding targets that may result in profit sharing cessation. Upon profit sharing cessation, the Company may have ongoing responsibilities related to amortized actuarial and investment losses. There were 0 profit sharing accruals based on the operating performance of the entities that are includedrecorded in the determinationfirst quarter of qualifying profits.2021 or 2020. For more information on pendingan arbitration regarding the Supplemental Benefit Trust Profit Sharing Plan, which was concluded on February 5, 2021, see Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies.Contingencies.
10. Income Taxes
For interim income tax reporting we estimate our annual effective tax rate and apply it to our year to date ordinary income (loss). Tax jurisdictions with a projected full year loss for which a tax benefit cannot be realized are excluded. Our annual effective tax rate is primarily impacted by jurisdictions that continue to be in a valuation allowance where tax benefits are not recognized. The tax effects of unusual or infrequently occurring items, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, are reported in the interim period in which they occur.
For the three months and six months ended April 30,January 31, 2021 and 2020 we recognized an income tax expensebenefit of $7$18 million and $2$5 million, respectively, compared to an income tax benefit of $1 million and $20 million for the respective prior year periods.respectively. The change in tax is largelyprimarily due to the result of a $38 million benefit associated with a group annuity contract purchase for certain retired pension plan participants, recordedincrease in the first quarter of 2019. Other differences for the first half of 2020 include the impact of earnings,loss before income taxes and earnings and/or losses for which no tax expense or benefit can be recognized due to valuation allowances,allowances. Other differences for the three months ended January 31, 2021 include geographical mix and certain discrete items, primarily related to a $15 million tax benefit for the appreciationchange in value of the U.S. dollar recordedresulting in an income tax expense of $4 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020.January 31, 2021.
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act contains numerous income tax provisions, such as relaxing the limitations on the deductibility of interest and the carryback of net operating losses for specific periods. We have performed an analysis of these provisions and dueevaluated the need to the unavailability of excess taxable income in the current or carry back periods, and the application ofmaintain a valuation allowance tofor deferred tax assets based on our assessment of whether it is more-likely-than-not that deferred tax benefits will be realized through the Company's effective incomegeneration of future taxable income. We continue to maintain a valuation allowance on the majority of our U.S. deferred tax rate and itsassets as well as certain foreign deferred tax provision are currently unaffected by the provisionsassets that we believe, on a more-likely-than-not basis, will not be realized based on our analysis of the CARES Act.
Additionally, the CARES Act provides for refundable employee retention creditsrelevant facts and the deferral of the employer-paid portion of social security taxes. As of April 30, 2020,circumstances. For all remaining deferred tax assets, while we elected to defer the employer-paid portion of social security taxes for the remainder of 2020, to be repaid equally in December 2021 and December 2022. We intend to claim the refundable employee retention tax credits provided under the CARES Act, which can be used to offset payroll tax liabilities. We are still estimating the potential benefitsbelieve that the employee retention credits can provide, however we do not expectit is more-likely-than-not that they will have a material impact on our financial statements.be realized, we believe that it is reasonably possible that additional deferred tax asset valuation allowances could be required in the next twelve months.
11. Fair Value Measurements
For assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis, a three-level hierarchy of measurements based upon observable and unobservable inputs is used to arrive at fair value. Observable inputs are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our assumptions about valuation based on the best information available in the circumstances. Depending on the inputs, we classify each fair value measurement as follows:
•
•Level 1—based upon quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets,
•Level 2—based upon quoted prices for similar instruments, prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, or model-derived valuations, all of whose significant inputs are observable, and
•identical instruments in active markets,
•
Level 2—based upon quoted prices for similar instruments, prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, or model-derived valuations, all of whose significant inputs are observable, and
Level 3—based upon one or more significant unobservable inputs.
The following section describes key inputs and assumptions in our valuation methodologies:
Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Equivalents—Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments, with an original maturity of 90 days or less, which may include U.S. government and federal agency securities, commercial paper, and other highly liquid investments. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity and highly liquid nature of these instruments.

27



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



Marketable Securities—Our marketable securities portfolios are classified as available-for-sale and may include investments in U.S. government and federal agency securities, commercial paper and other investments with an original maturity greater than 90 days. We use quoted prices from active markets to determine fair value.
Derivative Assets and Liabilities—We measure the fair value of derivatives assuming that the unit of account is an individual derivative transaction and that each derivative could be sold or transferred on a stand-alone basis. We classify within Level 2 our derivatives that are traded over-the-counter and valued using internal models based on observable market inputs.
Guarantees—We provide certain guarantees of payments and residual values, to which losses are generally capped, to specific counterparties. The fair value of these guarantees includes a contingent component and a non-contingent component that are based upon internally developed models using unobservable inputs. We classify these liabilities within Level 3. For more information regarding guarantees, see Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies.
26

Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

Impaired Finance Receivables and Impaired Assets Under Operating Leases—Fair values of the underlying collateral are determined by current and forecasted sales prices, aging of and demand for used trucks, and the mix of sales through various market channels. For more information regarding impaired finance receivables, see Note 5, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts.Credit Losses and for more information regarding impaired assets under operating leases, see Note 3, Restructuring, Impairments and Divestitures.
Impaired Property, Plant and Equipment—We generally measure the fair value by discounting future cash flows expected to be received from the operation of, or disposition of, the asset or asset group that has been determined to be impaired. When appropriate, we utilize alternative methods for the measurement of fair value such as market and cost approaches. For more information regarding the impairment of property, plant and equipment, see Note 3, Restructurings,Restructuring, Impairments and Divestitures.Divestitures.
The following table presents the financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
As of April 30, 2020 As of October 31, 2019As of January 31, 2021As of October 31, 2020
(in millions)Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total(in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets               Assets
Derivative financial instruments:               Derivative financial instruments:
Commodity forward contracts(A)
Commodity forward contracts(A)
$0 $9 $0 $9 $0 $4 $0 $4 
Foreign currency contracts(A)
$—
 $19
 $—
 $19
 $—
 $1
 $—
 $1
Foreign currency contracts(A)
0 2 0 2 0 5 0 5 
Total assets$—
 $19
 $—
 $19
 $—
 $1
 $—
 $1
Total assets$0 $11 $0 $11 $0 $9 $0 $9 
Liabilities               Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments:               Derivative financial instruments:
Commodity forward contracts(B)
$—
 $8
 $—
 $8
 $—
 $1
 $—
 $1
Commodity forward contracts(B)
$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $2 $0 $2 
Foreign currency contracts(C)
—
 4
 —
 4
 —
 2
 —
 2
Foreign currency contracts(B)
Foreign currency contracts(B)
0 4 0 4 0 3 0 3 
Guarantees—
 —
 28
 28
 —
 —
 27
 27
Guarantees0 0 23 23 0 0 29 29 
Total liabilities$—
 $12
 $28
 $40
 $—
 $3
 $27
 $30
Total liabilities$0 $4 $23 $27 $0 $5 $29 $34 
_________________________
(A)
The asset value of foreign currency contracts is
(A)    The asset values of commodity forward contracts and foreign currency contracts are included in Other current assets and Other noncurrent assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(B)    The liability values of commodity forward contracts and foreign currency contracts are included in Other current liabilities and Other noncurrent liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(B)
The liability value of commodity forward contracts is included in Other current liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(C)
The liability value of foreign currency contracts included in Other current liabilities and Other noncurrent liabilities is $3 million and $1 million, respectively, in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The following table presents the changes for those financial instruments classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy:
 Three Months Ended April 30, Six Months Ended April 30,
(in millions)2020 2019 2020 2019
Guarantees, at beginning of period$(24) $(21) $(27) $(24)
Net issuances(7) (1) (5) 1
Settlements3
 —
 4
 1
Guarantees, at end of period$(28) $(22) $(28) $(22)

Three Months Ended January 31,
(in millions)20212020
Guarantees at beginning of period$(29)$(27)
Net terminations5 2 
Settlements1 1 
Guarantees at end of period$(23)$(24)
The primary input for determining the fair value of Level 3 guarantees is expected credit losses. For more information regarding the estimate of expected credit losses, see Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. There were no transfers of Level 3 financial instruments.

28



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



In addition to the methods and assumptions we use for the financial instruments recorded at fair value as discussed above, we use the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value for our other financial instruments that are not marked to market on a recurring basis. The carrying amounts of Cash and cash equivalents, Restricted cash and cash equivalents, and Accounts payable approximate fair values because of the short-term maturity and highly liquid nature of these instruments. Finance receivables, net generally consist of retail and wholesale accounts and notes.
The carrying amounts of Trade and other receivables, net and retail and wholesale accounts approximate fair values as a result of the short-term nature of the receivables. The carrying amounts of wholesale notes approximate fair values as a result of the short-term nature of the wholesale notes and their variable interest rate terms. Due to the nature of the aforementioned financial instruments, they have been excluded from the fair value amounts presented in the table below.
The fair values of our retail notes are estimated by discounting expected cash flows at estimated current market rates. The fair values of our retail notes are classified as Level 3 financial instruments.
27

Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

The fair values of our debt instruments classified as Level 1 were determined using quoted market prices. The 6.75% Tax Exempt4.75% Tax-Exempt Bonds, due 2040, are traded, but the trading market is illiquid, and as a result, the Loan Agreement underlying the Tax ExemptTax-Exempt Bonds is classified as Level 2. Trading in our 6.625% Senior Notes and our 9.5% Senior Secured Notes is limited to qualified institutional buyers; therefore the notes are classified as Level 2. The fair values of our Level 3 debt instruments are generally determined using internally developed valuation techniques such as discounted cash flow modeling. Inputs such as discount rates and credit spreads reflect our estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the instrument and may be unobservable.
The following tables present the carrying values and estimated fair values of financial instruments:
 As of April 30, 2020
 Estimated Fair Value Carrying Value
(in millions)Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total 
Assets         
Retail notes$—
 $—
 $167
 $167
 $169
Liabilities         
Debt:         
Manufacturing operations         
Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Agreement, due 2025—
 —
 1,415
 1,415
 1,550
9.5% Senior Secured Notes, due 2025—

629

—

629

588
6.625% Senior Notes, due 2026—
 941
 —
 941
 1,086
Loan Agreement related to 6.75% Tax Exempt Bonds, due 2040—
 218
 —
 218
 220
Financed lease obligations—
 —
 51
 51
 51
Other(A)
—
 —
 36
 36
 39
Financial Services operations         
Asset-backed debt issued by consolidated SPEs, due serially through 2023—
 —
 788
 788
 788
Bank credit facilities, due dates from 2020 through 2025—
 —
 954
 954
 991
Commercial paper, program matures in 2022—
 —
 —
 —
 —
Borrowings secured by operating and finance leases, due serially through 2024—
 —
 115
 115
 115

As of January 31, 2021
 Estimated Fair ValueCarrying Value
(in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Retail notes$0 $0 $223 $223 $228 
Liabilities
Debt:
Manufacturing operations
Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Agreement, due 20250 0 1,550 1,550 1,540 
9.5% Senior Secured Notes, due 20250 671 0 671 590 
6.625% Senior Notes, due 20260 1,144 0 1,144 1,088 
Loan Agreement related to 4.75% Tax Exempt Bonds, due 20400 243 0 243 223 
Financed lease obligations0 0 43 43 42 
Other(A)
0 0 4 4 4 
Financial Services operations
Asset-backed debt issued by consolidated SPEs, due serially through 20220 0 663 663 661 
Bank credit facilities, due dates from 2021 through 20260 0 709 709 731 
Borrowings secured by operating and finance leases, due serially through 20260 0 191 191 189 
29
28



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



As of October 31, 2019As of October 31, 2020
Estimated Fair Value Carrying Value Estimated Fair ValueCarrying Value
(in millions)Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets         Assets
Retail notes$—
 $—
 $205
 $205
 $208
Retail notes$0 $0 $223 $223 $222 
Liabilities         Liabilities
Debt:         Debt:
Manufacturing operations         Manufacturing operations
Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Agreement, due 2025—
 —
 1,552
 1,552
 1,556
Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Agreement, due 20250 0 1,538 1,538 1,543 
9.5% Senior Secured Notes, due 20259.5% Senior Secured Notes, due 20250 665 0 665 589 
6.625% Senior Notes, due 2026—
 1,122
 —
 1,122
 1,085
6.625% Senior Notes, due 20260 1,137 0 1,137 1,087 
Loan Agreement related to 6.75% Tax Exempt Bonds, due 2040—
 234
 —
 234
 220
Loan Agreement related to 4.75% Tax Exempt Bonds, due 2040Loan Agreement related to 4.75% Tax Exempt Bonds, due 20400 227 0 227 223 
Financed lease obligations—
 —
 60
 60
 60
Financed lease obligations0 0 46 46 45 
Other(A)
—
 —
 9
 9
 9
Other(A)
0 0 7 7 7 
Financial Services operations         Financial Services operations
Asset-backed debt issued by consolidated SPEs, at various rates, due serially through 2023—
 —
 995
 995
 991
Bank credit facilities, due dates from 2019 through 2025—
 —
 1,038
 1,038
 1,059
Commercial paper, at variable rates, program matures in 202284
 —
 —
 84
 84
Borrowings secured by operating and finance leases, due serially through 2024—
 —
 122
 122
 122
Asset-backed debt issued by consolidated SPEs, at various rates, due serially through 2022Asset-backed debt issued by consolidated SPEs, at various rates, due serially through 20220 0 726 726 724 
Senior secured NFC Term Loan, due 2025Senior secured NFC Term Loan, due 2025— — — — — 
Bank credit facilities, due dates from 2021 through 2026Bank credit facilities, due dates from 2021 through 20260 0 914 914 940 
Borrowings secured by operating and finance leases, due serially through 2026Borrowings secured by operating and finance leases, due serially through 20260 0 171 171 170 
________________________
(A)Excludes non-financial instrument debt of $1 million and $2 million as of April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively.
(A)Excludes non-financial instrument debt of $1 million and $2 million as of January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020, respectively.
12. Commitments and Contingencies
Guarantees
We occasionally provide guarantees that could obligate us to make future payments if the primary entity fails to perform under its contractual obligations. We have recognized liabilities for some of these guarantees in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as they meet the recognition and measurement provisions of U.S. GAAP. In addition to the liabilities that have been recognized, we are contingently liable for other potential losses under various guarantees. We do not believe that claims that may be made under such guarantees would have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Under the terms of the Navistar Capital Operating Agreement, BMO is our third-party preferred source of retail and lease customer financing for equipment offered by us and our dealers in the U.S. The Navistar Capital Operating Agreement, as amended, contains a loss sharing arrangement under which we generally reimburse BMO for excess credit losses as defined in the arrangement. Our exposure to loss is mitigated because contracts under the Navistar Capital Operating Agreement are secured by the financed equipment. There was $1.6were $1.5 billion of outstanding loan principal and operating lease payments receivable at both April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and October 31, 20192020, financed through the Navistar Capital Operating Agreement and subject to the loss sharing arrangements in the U.S. The related financed values of these outstanding contracts were $2.6$2.4 billion and $2.7$2.5 billion at April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019,2020, respectively. We have recognized a guarantee liability for our portion of estimated Navistar Capital credit losses. Generally, we do not carry the contracts under the Navistar Capital Operating Agreement on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. However, for
For certain Navistar Capitalthird-party financed contracts, which we have accounted for as borrowings, we have recognized equipment leased to others of $44$39 million at both January 31, 2021 and $51 millionOctober 31, 2020 and financed lease and other obligations of $51$47 million and $60$49 million, in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019,2020, respectively. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, BMO has restructured certain loans that are subject to the loss sharing arrangement. We have increased our estimated guarantee liability for potential COVID-19 related credit losses by an amount which was not material to our consolidated financial statements.

29
30



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



We also have issued a limited number of residual value guarantees, for which losses are generally capped. If control has not transferred, we generally account for these arrangements as operating leases and revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. If control has transferred, revenue is recognized upon sale and the amounts of the guarantees are estimated and recorded. Our guarantees are contingent upon the fair value of the leased assets at the end of the lease term. We have recognized liabilities for some of these guarantees in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as they meet recognition and measurement provisions. In addition to the liabilities that have been recognized, we are contingently liable for other potential losses under various guarantees that are not recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We do not believe claims that may be made under such guarantees would have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
We obtain certain stand-by letters of credit and surety bonds from third-party financial institutions in the ordinary course of business when required under contracts or to satisfy insurance-related requirements. As of April 30, 2020,January 31, 2021, the amount of stand-by letters of credit and surety bonds issued was $86$84 million.
In addition, as of April 30, 2020,January 31, 2021, we have $98$153 million of outstanding purchase commitments and contracts with $34$19 million of cancellation fees with expiration dates through 2025.2028.
In the ordinary course of business, we also provide routine indemnifications and other guarantees, the terms of which range in duration and often are not explicitly defined. We do not believe these will result in claims that would have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Environmental Liabilities
We have been named a potentially responsible party ("PRP"), in conjunction with other parties, in a number of cases arising under an environmental protection law, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, popularly known as the "Superfund" law. These cases involve sites that allegedly received wastes from current or former Company locations. Based on information available to us which, in most cases, consists of data related to quantities and characteristics of material generated at current or former Company locations, material allegedly shipped by us to these disposal sites, as well as cost estimates from PRPs and/or federal or state regulatory agencies for the cleanup of these sites, a reasonable estimate is calculated of our share of the probable costs, if any, and accruals are recorded in our consolidated financial statements. These accruals are generally recognized no later than upon completion of the remedial feasibility study and are not discounted to their present value. We review all accruals on a regular basis and believe that, based on these calculations, our share of the potential additional costs for the cleanup of each site will not have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
In addition, other sites formerly owned by us or where we are currently operating have been identified as having soil and groundwater contamination. While investigations and cleanup activities continue at these sites, we believe that we have appropriate accruals to cover costs to complete the cleanup of all sites.
We have accrued $18 million for these and other environmental matters, which are included within Other current liabilities and Other noncurrent liabilities, as of April 30, 2020.January 31, 2021. The majority of these accrued liabilities are expected to be paid subsequent to 2021.
Along with other vehicle manufacturers, we have been subject to a number of asbestos-related claims. In general, these claims relate to illnesses alleged to have resulted from asbestos exposure from component parts found in older vehicles, although some cases relate to the alleged presence of asbestos in our facilities. In these claims, we are generally not the sole defendant, and the claims name as defendants numerous manufacturers and suppliers of a wide variety of products allegedly containing asbestos. We have strongly disputed these claims, and it has been our policy to defend against them vigorously. Historically, the actual damages paid out to claimants have not been material in any year to our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. It is possible that the number of these asbestos-related claims, and the costs for resolving them, could become significant in the future.

31



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



Legal Proceedings
Overview
We are subject to various claims arising in the ordinary course of business and are party to various legal proceedings that constitute ordinary, routine litigation incidental to our business. The majority of these claims and proceedings relate to commercial, product liability, and warranty matters. In addition, from time to time we are subject to various claims and legal proceedings related to employee compensation, benefits, and benefits administration, including, but not limited to, compliance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"), and Department of Labor requirements.
30

Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

In our opinion, apart from the actions set forth below, the disposition of these proceedings and claims, after taking into account recorded accruals and the availability and limits of our insurance coverage, will not have a material adverse effect on our business or our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Profit Sharing Disputes
Pursuant to the 1993 Settlement Agreement, the program administrator and named fiduciary of the Supplemental Benefit Program is the Supplemental Benefit Program Committee (the "Committee"), composed of individuals not appointed by NI or NIC. In August 2013, the Committee filed a motion for leave to (a) amend its February 2013 complaint (which sought injunctive relief for the Company to provide certain information to which the Committee was allegedly entitled under the Supplemental Benefit Trust Profit Sharing Plan (the "Profit Sharing Plan")) and (b) file a proposed amended complaint (the "Profit Sharing Complaint") in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio (the "Court"). Leave to file the Profit Sharing Complaint was granted by the Court in October 2013. In its Profit Sharing Complaint, the Committee alleged that the Company breached the 1993 Settlement Agreement and violated ERISA by failing to properly calculate profit sharing contributions due under the Profit Sharing Plan and sought damages in excess of $50 million, injunctive relief and reimbursement of attorneys' fees and costs. Following the resolution of a procedural dispute by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit, inIn May 2015 the Court ordered that the claims in the Profit Sharing Complaint be arbitrated pursuant to the dispute resolution procedures in the Profit Sharing Plan. The Company and the Committee selected an arbitrator and the arbitration discovery process commenced. On June 29, 2017, the arbitrator ruled, among other things, that the arbitration will include Profit Sharing Plan calculations for the years ending October 31, 2001 through October 31, 2014. The Company disputes the arbitrator's June 29, 2017 ruling. On February 17, 2020, the Committee filed its written submission with the arbitrator and requested a damages award of $588 million comprised of $252 million in profit sharing contributions that the Committee asserts are due under the Profit Sharing Plan and $336 million of lost earnings that the Committee asserts the Supplemental Trust would have earned had those profit sharing contributions been made and invested. On June 5, 2020 the parties and the arbitrator agreed the only years at issue for the arbitration are the plan years ending October 31, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011. On September 15, 2020, the arbitrator issued a "Tentative Award" concluding the Company made certain incorrect Profit Sharing Plan calculations, rejecting the Committee's claim for lost earnings, and awarding the maximum rate of interest on the Tentative Award as allowed by Illinois law. Under Illinois statute 815 ILCS 2O5/2, the maximum prejudgment interest rate is 5% per year. On December 2, 2020, after additional briefing and closing arguments, the arbitrator informed the parties that the next arbitrator ruling issued would not include a computation amount and would not materially change from the Tentative Award. The Company disputes the Tentative Award. On December 11, 2020, the arbitrator issued a “Semi-Final Award”, concluding again, that the Company made certain incorrect Profit Sharing Plan calculations, rejecting again the Committee’s claim for lost earnings, and awarding the maximum rate of interest on the Semi-Final Award as allowed by Illinois law. The Company disputes the Semi-Final Award. The arbitrator ordered the parties to meet and confer and jointly recalculate Profit Sharing Plan contributions for years ending October 31, 2006 and 2008 through 2011 based on the Semi-Final Award. On January 31, 2021, the Company and the Committee agreed that the arbitrator’s final arbitration award should be $239 million, comprised of $156 million of Profit Sharing Plan contributions for years ending October 31, 2006 and 2008-2011 and $83 million of pre-award interest at 5% per year through January 31, 2021. On February 5, 2021, the arbitrator issued an Amended Final Award reflecting the $239 million award as agreed by the Company and the Committee. Also on February 5, 2021, the Committee filed with the Court a motion to confirm the Amended Final Award and assess interest. In the motion, the Committee requests 9% per year post-award interest under Illinois law from February 5, 2021 until the date the Court enters judgment confirming the Amended Final Award.
The Company disputes the Amended Final Award, and on February 16, 2021 the Company filed with the Court its motion to vacate the Amended Final Award and stay the confirmation of the Amended Final Award pending the outcome of the Company’s written submissionmotion to vacate and a determination of “Profit Sharing Cessation Date” (as referenced below) issues. On February 26, 2021, the Company filed its opposition to the arbitrator was filed March 16, 2020Committee's motion to confirm the Amended Final Award and the Committee’s reply was filed April 7, 2020.assess interest.
31

Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

By letter dated February 14, 2019, the Committee indicated the Profit Sharing Plan calculation for the plan year ending October 31, 2018 reflects numerous positions that have caused the Committee to dispute the Profit Sharing Plan calculations in the past, and on that basis the Committee disagrees with the 2018 calculation. The Committee also requested information about the 2018 calculation. On March 12, 2019, the Committee filed a motion to enforce the 1993 Settlement Agreement for the Company’s failure to respond to the Committee’s February 14, 2019 information requests. On May 15, 2019, the Company responded to the information requests. The motion to enforce is still pending with the Court, but on October 30, 2019, the Company and the Committee met with the Court regarding the motion to enforce, and agreed on a plan for the Company to respond to the Committee’s information and document requests related to the 2018 calculation (which also relates to the information requested for the Profit Sharing Plan calculations for the years ending October 31, 2001 through October 31, 2014). Furthermore, the Committee informed the Company, by letter dated January 19, 2020, that it disputes the Company's Profit Sharing Plan calculations for the years ending October 31, 2015 through October 31, 2019. For Profit Sharing Plan calculations for the years ending October 31, 2015 through 2020, the Company and the Committee agreed to confer regarding the impact of the arbitrator's Amended Final Award as referenced above, and to mediate with the Court any disputes they may have regarding the 2015-2020 calculations.
As noted under “Retiree Health Care Litigation” below, on August 14, 2018, the Company filed a motion to schedule a status hearing, in which the Company requested an in-person hearing to discuss the possibility of a global resolution of various disputes under the 1993 Settlement Agreement, including the pending Profit Sharing Complaint. As a result, in-person hearings, an in-chambers conference and several telephone conferences were held with the Court.Court, and on April 17, 2020, the Company filed a motion to reform the 1993 Settlement Agreement. A hearing on the motion to reform the 1993 Settlement Agreement was held on June 1, 2020.
On September 9, 2020, the Committee filed a motion to dismiss the Company's filed statement regarding “Phase 2” of the hearings, in which the Company requested the Court to reform the 1993 Settlement Agreement to provide clarity regarding certain “Profit Sharing Cessation Date” provisions, which relate to the timing and impact of the cessation of the Company’s Profit Sharing Plan contributions. The Committee argues the Court lacks jurisdiction because there are no pending disputes regarding the Profit Sharing Cessation Date provisions, and any future disputes fall under an arbitration provision in the 1993 Settlement Agreement. On September 30, 2020, the Company filed its opposition to the Committee’s motion to dismiss, and on October 14, 2020 the Committee filed its reply. The Company’s motion to reform the 1993 Settlement Agreement, including the Committee’s motion to dismiss regarding Phase 2 of the hearings, is pending with the Court. Additional hearings and/or conferences may be scheduled in the future.
In addition, various local bargaining units of the UAW have filed separate grievances pursuant to the profit sharing plans under various collective bargaining agreements in effect between the Company and the UAW that may have similar legal and factual issues as the Profit Sharing Complaint.
Based on our assessment of the facts underlying the claims in the above actions, we recorded a charge in the Company's fiscal quarter ending October 31, 2020 in the amount of $289 million for the estimated liability, including $85 million for estimated interest, related to the arbitrator's Amended Final Award noted above. These amounts include the estimated liability for all years ending on or before October 31, 2020. In the first quarter of 2021, we accrued an additional charge of $2 million for interest related to the estimated liability. The charge is included in SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. Other than the aforementioned, we are unable to provide meaningful quantification of how the final resolution of these claims may impact our future consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

32



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



Retiree Health Care Litigation
On October 21, 2016, a lawsuit was filed with the Court by 2 individual members of the Committee (the "Committee Members") who are retirees and participants in the Navistar, Inc. Health Benefit and Life Insurance Plan (the “Plan”) created pursuant to the 1993 Settlement Agreement. The Committee Members’ complaint (the “Committee Members’ Complaint”) was filed against NIC, NI, NFC and certain other former or current affiliates, all of which are parties or employers as defined in the 1993 Settlement Agreement. The Committee Members allege, among other things, that the Company violated the terms of the Plan, breached a fiduciary duty under ERISA, and engaged in ERISA-prohibited transactions by improperly using the Plan’s assets (a portion of certain Medicare Part D subsidies and a portion of certain Medicare Part D coverage-gap discounts (collectively, the “Subsidies”), in each case that were received by the Navistar, Inc. Retiree Health Benefit Trust created pursuant to the 1993 Settlement Agreement (the “Base Trust”)) for the Company’s benefit.
32

Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

The Committee Members requested that the Court order the defendants to restore all losses to the Base Trust, including approximately $26 million, which the Committee Members allege is the Plan participants’ “fair share” of the Subsidies that were allegedly misappropriated by the defendants from January 2012 through April 2015. The Committee Members also requested that the Court enjoin the defendants from alleged future violations of the Plan and ERISA with respect to treatment of the Subsidies, order the defendants to remedy all alleged ERISA-prohibited transactions and pay the Committee Members’ attorneys’ fees and costs.
The Court bifurcated the case and in September 2018 the Court conducted a trial on the issue of whether the Committee Members’ Complaint is barred by the applicable statute of limitations. On November 20, 2018, the Committee Members filed a motion for sanctions, alleging various discovery and trial misconduct by the defendants, and requested that the Court enter judgment in favor of the Committee Members with respect to the statute of limitations issue and award attorneys’ fees to the Committee Members. On March 26, 2019, the Court granted the Committee Members’ motion for sanctions and subsequently extended the statute of limitations discovery period to October 7, 2019. Briefing on the statute of limitations issue was completed in January 2020. The Court also ordered the Company to pay certain of the Committee Members' legal and other costs to file the motion for sanctions and to conduct additional discovery related to the statute of limitations issue.
On August 14, 2018, under the original Shy et. al. v. Navistar International Corporation, Civil Action No. 3:92-CV-333 (S.D. Ohio 1992), the Company filed a motion to schedule a status hearing to request an in-person hearing to discuss the possibility of a global resolution of various disputes under the 1993 Settlement Agreement, including, but not limited to, resolving the pending Profit Sharing Complaint and Committee Members’ Complaint described above. As a result, on April 17, 2020, the Company filed a motion to reform the 1993 Settlement Agreement, and in-person hearings, an in-chambers conference and several telephone conferences were held with the Court. A hearing on the motion to reform the 1993 Settlement Agreement was held on June 1, 2020. Additional hearings and/or conferences may be scheduled in the future.
Based on our assessment of the facts underlying the claims in the above actions, we are unable to provide meaningful quantification of how the final resolution of these claims may impact our future consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. However, future levels of the Subsidies could be impacted by the outcome of the above actions, which could be material to the Company's OPEB obligation. For more information see Note 9, Postretirement Benefits.
FATMA Notice
International Indústria Automotiva da América do Sul Ltda. ("IIAA"), formerly known as Maxion International Motores S/A ("Maxion"), now a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, received a notice (the “FATMA Notice”) in July 2010 from the State of Santa Catarina Environmental Protection Agency ("FATMA") in Brazil. The FATMA Notice alleged that Maxion sent waste to a facility owned and operated by a company known as Natureza (the “Natureza Facility”) and that soil and groundwater contamination had occurred at the Natureza Facility.
The FATMA Notice asserted liability against Maxion and assessed an initial penalty in the amount of R$2 million (the equivalent of less than US$1 million as of April 30, 2020)January 31, 2021), which is not final or due until all administrative appeals are exhausted. Maxion was one of numerous companies that received similar notices. IIAA filed an administrative defense in August 2010 and has not yet received a decision following that filing.
In addition to the matter described above, there is a suit pending in the federal court of Brazil in which the federal district attorney has sued (a) FATMA, for claims related to FATMA’s actions in connection with licensing and inspection procedures related to the Natureza Facility, and (b) Selamix, as the current owner of the Natureza Facility. In this federal suit, Selamix was found liable for the contamination at the Natureza Facility due to it being the successor owner of the facility. However, the federal court’s decision does not prohibit Selamix from seeking to recover its damages from third parties that contributed to the contamination at the Natureza Facility.

33



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



In January 2018, the district attorney of the State of Santa Catarina (the "SC District Attorney"), local and state authorities, Selamix, IIAA and the 14 other companies (together, the "Companies") that are alleged to have significantly contributed to the contamination met to discuss the matter. In March 2018, Selamix informed the SC District Attorney that it would voluntarily conduct a preliminary environmental study at the Natureza Facility in an attempt to determine and allocate the liability for the contamination pursuant to an agreement with the Companies after the study is completed. The SC District Attorney agreed to suspend further inquiry into the matter until Selamix’s study had been completed.
33

Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

In June 2018, Selamix presented its Environmental Preliminary Assessment Report to the SC District Attorney and the Companies alleged to have contributed to the contamination. Selamix also presented commercial proposals from two additional companies specializing in environmental studies to perform the next steps of the technical work. The SC District Attorney then requested a third commercial proposal. One of the commercial proposals included an Environmental Preliminary Assessment Report ("Phase 1 Study") and indicated that a Phase 2 assessment should be performed. In July 2019, the SC District Attorney requested that each of the Companies (including IIAA) inform the SC District Attorney of whether they intended to contribute to the costs of the portion of the Phase 2 assessment related to geophysical investigations to identify buried drums at the Natureza Facility. The request did not include any information related to the potential range of the associated costs or indicate whether contributions for the cost of the other portions of the Phase 2 assessment would be sought from the Companies (including IIAA). IIAA responded to the request indicating that it would not contribute to the cost of the Phase 2 assessment related to geophysical investigations and requested a meeting with the SC District Attorney to discuss the next steps in the process.
In late February 2020, IIAA became aware that the SC District Attorney filed an action in the civil court of Santa Catarina against nine of the Companies (including IIAA), Selamix, and the Municipality of Schroeder (where the Natureza Facility is located) requesting that the defendants in the action bear all of the potential costs of the investigation needed to determine the parties responsible for the contamination and manage the remediation of the contamination at the Natureza Facility and that the defendants place funds in escrow to cover such costs. Prior to ruling on these issues, the court has indicated that it will schedule a hearing to allow the defendants to set forth their defenses. In May 2020, the Municipality of Schroeder presented its defenses to the court and alleged that (i) it was not liable for contamination after FATMA, as a state agency, became responsible for the environmental licensing of Natureza, (ii) Selamix should be held liable for the contamination, and (iii) the other defendants (including IIAA) should be held liable for the contamination because their irregular disposal of toxic material contributed to the environmental damage. On October 5, 2020, IIAA presented its responses to the defenses of the Municipality of Schroeder. On December 16, 2020, the SC District Attorney filed a motion noting that it will present its counterarguments after the remaining defendant, ALSCO Toalheiro do Brasil Ltda., files its defense. IIAA continues to dispute the allegations in the FATMA Notice and intends to continue to vigorously defend itself.
Based on our assessment of the facts underlying the claims in the above actions, we are unable to provide meaningful quantification of how the final resolution of these claims may impact our future consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Sao Paulo Groundwater Notice
In March 2014, IIAA, along with other nearby companies, received from the Sao Paulo District Attorney (the "District Attorney") a notice and proposed Consent Agreement relating to alleged neighborhood-wide groundwater contamination at or around its Sao Paulo manufacturing facility. The proposed Consent Agreement sought certain groundwater investigations and other technical relief and proposed sanctions in the amount of R$3 million (the equivalent of less than US$1 million as of April 30, 2020)January 31, 2021). In November 2014, IIAA extended a settlement offer which was never accepted, rejected or countered by the District Attorney.
On August 31, 2016, the District Attorney filed civil actions against IIAA and other companies in the Central Forum of the capital of the State of Sao Paulo seeking soil and groundwater investigation and remediation, together with monetary payment in an unspecified amount. IIAA filed its defense to the civil action on January 26, 2017, alleging that IIAA had made all necessary investigations and had taken remedial measures to address the contamination and that Companhia Ambiental do Estado de Sao Paulo, the environmental agency of Sao Paulo State, had agreed to the remedial measures taken by IIAA.
A new district attorney (the “New District Attorney”) assumed responsibility for the case in February 2018. The New District Attorney indicated that it would like the companies involved to try to reach a settlement agreement as to the remediation efforts to be taken after having discussions and negotiations with the New District Attorney’s technical experts. On September 10, 2019, the judge granted the New District Attorney's request to require answers to inquiries related to the case from the Department of Water and Electric Energy ("DAEE") and Sao Paulo State Sewage Company ("SABESP")., but DAEE and SABESP respondeddid not provide any additional, relevant information. IIAA is currently waiting for the New District Attorney's opinion on the matter and then intends to evaluate possible next steps. On November 8, 2020, it was determined that the requestsNew District Attorney had not presented the technical expert opinions within the applicable deadline and the parties are currently reviewingNew District Attorney subsequently filed a motion requesting an additional 30 days to present the information provided.
technical expert opinions. The extension was granted, and the New District Attorney was required to present the technical expert opinions no later than March 2, 2021. There are no current demands or offers outstanding.
34

Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

Based on our assessment of the facts underlying the claims in the above actions, we are unable to provide meaningful quantification of how the final resolution of these claims may impact our future consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
MaxxForce Engine EGR Warranty Litigation
On June 24, 2014, N&C Transportation Ltd. ("N&C") filed a putative class action lawsuit against NIC, NI, Navistar Canada Inc., and Harbour International Trucks in Canada in the Supreme Court of British Columbia (the "N&C Action"). Subsequently, seven additional, similar putative class action lawsuits have been filed in various courts in Canada, including Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec (together with the N&C Action, the "Canadian Actions").

34



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



On November 16, 2016, the Supreme Court of British Columbia certified a Canada-wide class comprised of persons who purchased heavy-duty trucks equipped with Advanced EGR MaxxForce 11, MaxxForce 13, and MaxxForce 15 engines designed to meet 2010 EPA regulations. On August 1, 2018, the appellate court affirmed the November 2016 decision and certified three additional narrow issues on whether misrepresentations were made in Navistar's advertising materials. The next step will be an attendance before the case management judge regarding the details of the notice of certification to be given to the class. No date for this attendance has been set.
On July 7, 2014, Par 4 Transport, LLC filed a putative class action lawsuit against NI in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (the "Par 4 Action"). Subsequently, 17 additional putative class action lawsuits were filed in various United States district courts, (together with the Par 4 Action, the "U.S. Actions"). Some of the U.S. Actions named both NIC and NI, and alleged matters substantially similar to the Canadian Actions. More specifically, one or more of the Canadian Actions and the U.S. Actions (collectively, the "EGR Class Actions") seek to certify a class of persons or entities in Canada or the United States who purchased and/or leased a ProStar or other Navistar vehicle equipped with a model year 2008-2013 MaxxForce Advanced EGR engine.
In substance, the EGR Class Actions allege that the MaxxForce Advanced EGR engines are defective and that the Company and NI failed to disclose and correct the alleged defect. The EGR Class Actions assert claims based on theories of contract, breach of warranty, consumer fraud, unfair competition, misrepresentation and negligence. The EGR Class Actions seek relief in the form of monetary damages, punitive damages, declaratory relief, interest, fees, and costs.
In December 2014, the United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation (the "MDL Panel") issued an order consolidating before Judge Joan B. Gottschall of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois all of the U.S. Actions, as well as certain non-class action MaxxForce Advanced EGR engine lawsuits that were pending on October 3, 2014 (the "MDL Action").
On May 11, 2015, lead counsel for the plaintiffs in the MDL Action filed a consolidated complaint, which was subsequently amended multiple times.
In May 2019, the parties to the MDL Action completed negotiation of a settlement agreement (the "Settlement Agreement") to resolve the U.S. Actions. The plaintiffs submitted the Settlement Agreement to the court for preliminary approval on May 28, 2019. The Settlement Agreement class consists of entities and natural persons who owned or leased a 2011-2014 model year vehicle equipped with a MaxxForce 11 or 13 liter engine certified to meet EPA 2010 emissions standards without selective catalytic reduction technology, provided that the vehicle was purchased or leased in the U.S.
Among other things, the Settlement Agreement requires that (1) the parties establish a non-reversionary common fund consisting of cash (the “Cash Fund”) and rebates (the “Rebate Fund”) with a total value of $135 million (the “Settlement Fund”); (2) NIC and NI contribute $85 million to the Cash Fund, which will be used to pay all settlement fees and expenses, service awards, attorneys’ fees and costs, and cash payments to members of the settlement class; (3) NI commit to make available rebates with a face value in the aggregate of $50 million to the Rebate Fund; and (4) the settlement class release NIC and NI and their affiliates from all claims and potential claims arising from or related to the allegations in the U.S. Actions, except for claims for personal injury or damage to third-party property. The Settlement Agreement further provides that dollarsamounts or value remaining in either the Cash Fund or the Rebate Fund after claims are processed will be used to pay approved claims from the other fund if the other fund is oversubscribed (the “Waterfall”). Any Waterfall from the Rebate Fund to the Cash Fund is capped at $35 million. Finally, theThe Settlement Agreement states that NIC and NI deny all claims in the U.S. Actions, deny wrongdoing, liability or damage of any kind, and deny that NIC and NI acted improperly or wrongfully in any way. On February 3, 2020, NIC and NI funded $85 million to the Cash Fund. Any Waterfall from the Rebate Fund to the Cash Fund is capped at $35 million. We are waiting for the final adjudication of the claims by the settlement administrator. It is possible that a Waterfall from the Rebate Fund to the Cash Fund could occur.
35

Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

On June 12, 2019, the court preliminarily approved the settlement. Members of the class were provided notice of the Settlement Agreement and an opportunity to object or opt out. Any members of the class who opted out will not receive any benefit from the Settlement Agreement or be bound by it.
Four class members filed a consolidated objection to the Settlement Agreement on October 10, 2019. On January 3, 2020, the court entered an order rejecting the objection and finding the settlement to be "fair, reasonable, and adequate." The court also granted the motion of lead counsel for the class plaintiffs for approval of an award of attorneys' fees and costs. On January 21, 2020, the court entered an Order Granting Final Approval of Class Action Settlement, Award of Attorneys' Fees and Costs and Final Order and Judgment.

35



Navistar International CorporationIn February 2020, three class members intervened in the MDL Action and Subsidiaries
Notesfiled motions asking the court to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



exclude them from the settlement or to permit them to opt out after the opt out deadline. In April and June 2020, the court denied these motions. In May 2020, two of the intervening class members appealed the court’s April 2020 order. The Company filed its opposition brief on August 19, 2020. The appellate court heard oral argument on November 2, 2020.
There are also non-class action MaxxForce Advanced EGR engine lawsuits filed against the Company in various state and federal courts. A number of non-class action lawsuits have been resolved in favor of the Company prior to trial or settled for immaterial amounts. Several cases have been resolved at trial with varying results. Several other state court non-class actions are pending at this time. One of the non-class action lawsuits ("Milan"), alleging violations of the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act and fraud and involving approximately 235 trucks, was tried in Tennessee state court in August 2017, and resulted in a jury verdict of approximately $31 million against the Company, including $20 million in punitive damages.
In the third quarter of 2017, we recorded $31 million of charges in SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.related to the Milan lawsuit.
On August 14, 2019, a three-judge panel of the Tennessee Court of Appeals issued a unanimous opinion reversing the $31 million judgment and $1 million of fees and costs previously awarded to the Milan plaintiffs following an appeal filed by the Company in January 2018 challenging the jury verdict. In addition, the Tennessee Court of Appeals affirmed the trial court’s judgment for Navistar on the Milan plaintiff's warranty claims. On October 11, 2019, the Milan plaintiffs filed an application for permission to appeal this ruling to the Tennessee Supreme Court. On January 16, 2020, the Tennessee Supreme Court granted permission to appeal. The Company's responseCompany filed its opposition brief in theon August 19, 2020. The Tennessee Supreme Court was filedheard oral arguments on May 26,November 4, 2020.
Based on our assessment of the facts underlying the claims in the above actions, the Company has recorded a charge in the Company’s fiscal second quarter ended April 30, 2019 in the amount of $159 million as a reserve for its expected obligations under the Settlement Agreement as well as for current period liabilities and potential future settlements with respect to certain other MaxxForce Advanced EGR engine lawsuits that are not included in the Settlement Agreement. In addition, the Company has released a liability of $32 million, related to the judgment reversal in the Milan case in the third quarter ended July 31, 2019. These impacts were recorded in SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. As noted above, with respect to the Settlement Agreement and the claims filed in connection with it, it is possible that a Waterfall from the Rebate Fund to the Cash Fund could result in an additional cash impact. Other than the aforementioned, we are unable to provide further meaningful quantification of how the final resolution of these matters may impact our future consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
EPA Clean Air Act Litigation
In February 2012, NI received a Notice of Violation ("NOV") from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (the "EPA") pertaining to certain heavy-duty diesel engines which, according to the EPA, were not completely assembled by NI until calendar year 2010 and, therefore, were not covered by NI's model year 2009 certificates of conformity. The NOV concluded that NI's introduction into commerce of each of these engines violated the Federal Clean Air Act.
On July 14, 2015, the Department of Justice ("DOJ"), on behalf of the EPA, filed a lawsuit against NIC and NI in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Similar to the NOV, the lawsuit alleges that NIC and NI introduced into commerce approximately 7,749 heavy-duty diesel engines that were not covered by model year 2009 certificates of conformity because those engines were not completely assembled until calendar year 2010, resulting in violations of the Federal Clean Air Act. On July 16, 2015, the DOJ filed an amended complaint clarifying the amount of civil penalties being sought. The lawsuit requests injunctive relief and the assessment of civil penalties of up to $37,500 for each violation. On September 14, 2015, NIC and NI each filed an Answer and Affirmative Defenses to the Amended Complaint. We dispute the allegations in the lawsuit.
36

Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

On March 1, 2017, the court entered a Memorandum Opinion and Order (i) granting a motion by the DOJ for summary judgment on the issue of liability with respect to NI, (ii) denying a motion by the DOJ for summary judgment on the issue of liability with respect to NIC, and (iii) denying a motion by NIC for summary judgment against the EPA.
On April 3, 2018, the parties jointly filed a stipulation of dismissal with prejudice for NIC only. The stipulation with prejudice has no effect on the claims made against NI. With the dismissal of NIC, the matter moved to the remedy phase with respect to NI. Fact discoveryDiscovery for the remedy phase is complete. The parties are completing expert discovery andhas been completed. On July 30, 2020, NI filed a motion for partial summary judgment filings are currently anticipatedas to be completedcertain aspects of the remedy sought by Septemberthe DOJ. The court denied that motion on December 21, 2020. In January 2021, the court set trial for this matter to begin on July 19, 2021.
At a status conference on October 22, 2020, the parties reported on the status of ongoing settlement discussions. Further mediation sessions were held in November and December 2020.
Based on our assessment of the facts underlying the amended complaint above, we recorded an additional charge of $4 million in the first quarter of 2020 in SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations, resulting in the recording of a total estimated liability of $6 million at April 30, 2020 in October 31, 2020.SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Total cash outlays in future periods could range from $6 million to $291 million related to the resolution of this matter. Other than the aforementioned, we are unable to provide further meaningful quantification of how the final resolution of this matter may impact our future consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

36



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



California Air Resources Board Notice of Violation
On March 28, 2019, Navistar received an NOV from the California Air Resources Board ("CARB"). In the NOV, CARB alleges that Navistar failed to disclose a running change to 1,385 engines including certain model year 2013 to 2015 N13 engines and 2014 to 2015 N9/10 engines. CARB alleges that the running change in question made modifications to the emissions control system such that the engines no longer conformed to the configuration as certified. The Company and CARB settled this matter for approximately $2 million and executed related settlement documents in May 2020.
Based on our assessment of the facts underlying the claims in the above action, the Company recorded a charge in the third quarter ended July 31, 2019 in the amount of $2 million as a reserve for its expected obligations in Engineering and product development costs in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Other than the aforementioned, we are unable to provide further meaningful quantification of how the final resolution of this matter may impact our future consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Navistar Defense MRAP Litigation
In the third quarter of 2016, Navistar Defense, LLC ("NDLLC") received a subpoena from the United States Department of Defense Inspector General (the "DOD IG"). The subpoena requested documents relating to NDLLC's sale of its independent suspension systems ("ISS") for military vehicles to the government for the period from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2010.
Beginning in June 2016, NDLLC made submissions of documents responsive to the subpoena and engaged in ongoing discussions with government representatives, including representatives from the DOD IG and the DOJ. Such discussions included assertions that NDLLC may have overcharged the United States for the ISS components. In August 2017, NDLLC received a letter from the DOJ claiming that NDLLC made false and misleading statements during the course of price negotiations and during the Defense Contract Audit Agency audit which resulted in NDLLC overcharging the United States for the ISS components by approximately $88 million and asking for treble damages and penalties for a total demand of approximately $264 million. NDLLC responded to the DOJ’s demand letter explaining its position that it has no liability in this matter, and outlining the bases for such position, and stating that NDLLC intends to vigorously defend its position.
On December 8, 2017, NDLLC received another subpoena from the DOD IG which requested documents relating to NDLLC's pricing of the Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (“MRAP”) vehicle and its sale of parts to the government for the period from January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2013. NDLLC responded to the subpoena.
On July 10, 2018, NDLLC received another subpoena from the DOD IG requesting additional custodian emails and documents related to the MRAP and ISS components. NDLLC responded to the subpoena. Additionally, in September and October 2018, the DOJ conducted interviews of certain current and former employees.
On December 3, 2019, the DOJ filed a complaint against NDLLC in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia partially intervening in what had been a sealed False Claims Act (“FCA”) case previously filed by a relator. The relator, a former NDLLC employee, filed his initial complaint in September 2013 in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. The relator filed an amended complaint on November 1, 2019, alleging that NDLLC submitted false pricing support to the government in connection with 3 MRAP contract parts or part systems - the chassis, the engine, and 13 components of the 3,898 ISS kits (“Relator’s ISS Claim”). The relator alleges single damages of $1.1 billion for the chassis, $36 million for the engine, and $119 million for the Relator’s ISS Claim, totaling approximately $1.3 billion in single damages and $3.8 billion in treble damages. The DOJ’s complaint in partial intervention alleges that NDLLC submitted false pricing support in connection with 11 of the components of 3,803 ISS kits and seeks damages of an unspecified amount under the FCA and common law theories of mistake, unjust enrichment, and fraud. On January 10, 2020, NDLLC filed a motion to transfer venue to the Northern District of Illinois. On January 16, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia entered an order staying deadlines to respond to the complaints, pending resolution of the motion to transfer venue.
NDLLC intends to defend itself vigorously.
At this time, we are unable to predict the outcome of these matters, including whether a settlement will be reached, or provide meaningful quantification of how the final resolution of this matter may impact our future consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

37



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)


On November 5, 2020, the parties filed a Joint Motion to Stay and Notice of Settlement in Principle, explaining that the parties reached a settlement in principle for a comprehensive resolution of the claims in both DOJ's and Relator's complaints. We recorded an accrual of $58 million in the fourth quarter, which included $8 million of legal and other fees, related to the settlement in principle. On November 6, 2020, the Court granted the motion, staying the action until February 5, 2021, and denying without prejudice the pending motion to transfer venue. The Court ordered that on or before February 5, 2021, the parties must file a joint stipulation of dismissal or a joint status report. On February 8, 2021, after the DOJ filed a Joint Status report requesting an extension of the stay, the Court ordered the parties to submit another joint report on April 8, 2021 and every 30 days thereafter.
Customer Dispute
On August 20, 2020, a customer, Hirschbach Motor Lines, Inc. ("Hirschbach"), filed a complaint against NIC and NI in the Northern District of Iowa federal court, alleging various causes of action (including allegations relating to the parties' contractual relationship) and requesting monetary damages (including punitive damages and attorneys' fees). On October 13, 2020, Hirschbach and NIC filed a stipulation of dismissal without prejudice as to NIC. NI filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on October 15, 2020. The court issued a seal order for the complaint and its exhibits, as well as NI's motion to dismiss.
Following settlement discussions, the parties reached an agreement in principle to resolve the claims asserted in the Hirschbach lawsuit. On December 7, 2020, the court entered an order staying all further action in the case and directing the parties to file a stipulated dismissal within 30 days. The amount of the agreement in principle was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2020 and was not material to our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. The parties executed a settlement agreement effective December 30, 2020, and jointly filed a Stipulation of Dismissal on that date. On December 30, 2020, the court dismissed the case pursuant to the Stipulation of Dismissal.
Legal Proceedings Related to the Merger
On January 7, 2021 and February 18, 2021, three substantially similar complaints were filed against NIC and the members of NIC's Board in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware by purported stockholders of the Company, captioned Stein v. Navistar International Corporation, et al., Case No. 21-cv-00013 (D. Del.) ("Stein"), LaFrance v. Navistar International Corporation, et al., Case No. 21-cv-00016 (D. Del.) ("LaFrance"), and Williams v. Navistar International Corporation, et al., Case No. 21-cv-00225 (D. Del.) ("Williams"), respectively.
On January 19, 2021, January 21, 2021, and February 11, 2021, substantially similar complaints were filed against NIC and the members of the Board in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, captioned Anderson v. Navistar International Corporation, et al., Case No 21-cv-00453 (S.D.N.Y) ("Anderson"), Grinberger v. Navistar International Corporation, et al., Case No. 21-cv-00561 (S.D.N.Y) ("Grinberger"), Sheridan v. Navistar International Corporation, et al., Case No. 21-cv-01233 (S.D.N.Y) ("Sheridan"), and Arnold v. Navistar International Corporation, et al., Case No. 21-cv-01236 (S.D.N.Y) ("Arnold"), respectively.
The Anderson Action also names Parent and Merger Subsidiary as defendants.
On January 25, 2021, a substantially similar complaint was filed against NIC and the members of the Board in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, captioned Walker v. Navistar International Corporation, et al., Case No. 21-cv-00398 (E.D.N.Y.) ("Walker"). On February 19, 2021, a substantially similar complaint was filed against NIC and the members of the Board in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, captioned Baker v. Navistar International Corporation, et al., Case No. 21-cv-00762 (E.D.Pa.) ("Baker"). The complaints referenced above (collectively, the "Complaints") allege that the Proxy Statement (defined below) and preliminary versions of the Proxy Statement filed with the SEC on December 22, 2020 and January 21, 2021, were materially incomplete and therefore misleading in certain aspects.
On January 20, 2021, a putative class action complaint was filed against NIC, the Board, Parent and Merger Sub in the Circuit Court of DuPage County, Illinois, Chancery Division, captioned Drulias v. Clarke, et al., Case No. 2021-CH-000022 (Ill. DuPage Cty. Cir. Ct.) (“Drulias” and, collectively with Stein, LaFrance, Anderson, Grinberger, Walker, Sheridan, Arnold, Williams and Baker, the "Complaints"). Drulias alleges breaches of the fiduciary duties of due care, good faith, loyalty, fair dealing and full disclosure under Delaware law by NIC and the members of the Board, and alleges that Parent and TRATON US, Inc. aided and abetted such alleged breaches of fiduciary duties.
On January 29, 2021, NIC filed the definitive proxy statement with the SEC relating to the Merger (the "Proxy Statement").
38

Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

NIC believes the allegations in the Complaints are without merit. However, on February 22, 2021, NIC reached a settlement or a settlement in principle with respect to each of the Complaints. In connection with the settlements and settlements in principle, NIC voluntarily supplemented the Proxy Statement with the disclosures set forth in the Form 8-K dated and filed on February 23, 2021 in exchange for a release of all of the claims alleged in the Complaints. The aggregate amount of such settlements are immaterial, and we expect that the aggregate amount of the definitive settlements for those Complaints that NIC has reached a settlement in principle will also be immaterial. On February 24, 2021, Arnold was dismissed. On February 26, 2021, Stein, LaFrance, Williams, Baker and Drulias were dismissed. On March 2, 2021, Anderson, Grinberger and Sheridan were dismissed. On March 3, 2021, Walker was dismissed.
13. Segment Reporting
The following is a description of our 4 reporting segments:
•
•Our Truck segment manufactures and distributes Class 4 through 8 trucks and buses under the International and IC Bus ("IC") brands, and produces engines under our proprietary brand name. This segment sells its products in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico markets, as well as through our export truck business.
•Our Parts segment provides customers with proprietary products needed to support the International commercial truck, IC Bus, proprietary engine lines, and export parts business, as well as our other product lines. Our Parts segment also provides a wide selection of other standard truck, trailer, and engine aftermarket parts. Also included in the Parts segment are the operating results of BDP, which manages the sourcing, merchandising, and distribution of certain service parts we sell to Ford in North America.
•Our Global Operations segment primarily consists of Brazil engine operations which produce diesel engines under contract manufacturing arrangements, as well as under the MWM brand, for sale to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in South America.
•Truck segment manufactures and distributes Class 4 through 8 trucks and buses under the International and IC Bus ("IC") brands, and produces engines under our proprietary brand name. This segment sells its products in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico markets, as well as through our export truck business.
•
Our Parts segment provides customers with proprietary products needed to support the International commercial truck, IC Bus, proprietary engine lines, and export parts business, as well as our other product lines. Our Parts segment also provides a wide selection of other standard truck, trailer, and engine aftermarket parts. Also included in the Parts segment are the operating results of BDP, which manages the sourcing, merchandising, and distribution of certain service parts we sell to Ford in North America.
•
Our Global Operations segment primarily consists of Brazil engine operations which produce diesel engines under contract manufacturing arrangements, as well as under the MWM brand, for sale to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in South America.
•
Our Financial Services segment provides retail, wholesale, and lease financing of products sold by the Truck and Parts segments and their dealers within the U.S. and Mexico, as well as financing for wholesale accounts and selected retail accounts receivable. This segment also facilitates financing relationships in the U.S. and other countries to support our Manufacturing Operations.
Corporate contains those items that are not included in our 4 segments.
Segment Profit (Loss)
We define segment profit (loss) as net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to NIC, excluding income tax benefit (expense). Selected financial information from our Consolidated Statements of Operations and our Consolidated Balance Sheets is as follows:
(in millions)TruckPartsGlobal Operations
Financial
Services(A)
Corporate
and
Eliminations		Total
Three Months Ended January 31, 2021
External sales and revenues, net$1,213 $465 $89 $45 $0 $1,812 
Intersegment sales and revenues24 2 6 6 (38)0 
Total sales and revenues, net$1,237 $467 $95 $51 $(38)$1,812 
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to NIC, net of tax$(81)$111 $6 $12 $(130)$(82)
Income tax benefit0 0 0 0 18 18 
Segment profit (loss)$(81)$111 $6 $12 $(148)$(100)
Depreciation and amortization$29 $2 $1 $18 $1 $51 
Interest expense0 0 0 13 51 64 
Equity in loss of non-consolidated affiliates(1)0 0 0 0 (1)
Capital expenditures(B)
69 0 0 2 2 73 
(in millions)Truck Parts Global Operations 
Financial
Services(A)
 Corporate
and
Eliminations		 Total
Three Months Ended April 30, 2020           
External sales and revenues, net$1,385
 $442
 $47
 $50
 $1
 $1,925
Intersegment sales and revenues4
 1
 4
 14
 (23) —
Total sales and revenues, net$1,389
 $443
 $51
 $64
 $(22) $1,925
Net income (loss) attributable to NIC$(51) $103
 $(13) $24
 $(101) $(38)
Income tax expense—
 —
 —
 —
 (7) (7)
Segment profit (loss)$(51) $103
 $(13) $24
 $(94) $(31)
Depreciation and amortization$29
 $2
 $2
 $15
 $1
 $49
Interest expense—
 —
 —
 20
 43
 63
Equity in income (loss) of non-consolidated affiliates(2) 1
 —
 —
 —
 (1)
Capital expenditures(B)
28
 —
 1
 —
 2
 31
39



38



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



(in millions)Truck Parts Global Operations 
Financial
Services(A)
 Corporate
and
Eliminations		 Total(in millions)TruckPartsGlobal Operations
Financial
Services(A)
Corporate
and
Eliminations		Total
Three Months Ended April 30, 2019           
Three Months Ended January 31, 2020Three Months Ended January 31, 2020
External sales and revenues, net$2,287
 $578
 $80
 $48
 $3
 $2,996
External sales and revenues, net$1,238 $492 $61 $46 $1 $1,838 
Intersegment sales and revenues9
 1
 7
 30
 (47) —
Intersegment sales and revenues4 1 7 11 (23)0 
Total sales and revenues, net$2,296
 $579
 $87
 $78
 $(44) $2,996
Total sales and revenues, net$1,242 $493 $68 $57 $(22)$1,838 
Net income (loss) attributable to NIC$(74) $144
 $3
 $32
 $(153) $(48)
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to NIC, net of taxIncome (loss) from continuing operations attributable to NIC, net of tax$(58)$119 $0 $17 $(114)$(36)
Income tax benefit—
 —
 —
 —
 1
 1
Income tax benefit0 0 0 0 5 5 
Segment profit (loss)$(74) $144
 $3
 $32
 $(154) $(49)Segment profit (loss)$(58)$119 $0 $17 $(119)$(41)
Depreciation and amortization$26
 $2
 $2
 $16
 $3
 $49
Depreciation and amortization$27 $2 $2 $17 $2 $50 
Interest expense—
 —
 —
 27
 55
 82
Interest expense0 0 0 19 46 65 
Equity in income of non-consolidated affiliates2
 —
 —
 —
 1
 3
Equity in loss of non-consolidated affiliatesEquity in loss of non-consolidated affiliates(1)0 0 0 0 (1)
Capital expenditures(B)
21
 (1) —
 1
 1
 22
Capital expenditures(B)
47 5 1 0 6 59 

_______________________
(A)    Total sales and revenues in the Financial Services segment include interest revenues of $27 million and $35 million for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(in millions)Truck Parts Global Operations 
Financial
Services(A)
 Corporate
and
Eliminations		 Total
Six Months Ended April 30, 2020           
External sales and revenues, net$2,623
 $934
 $108
 $96
 $2
 $3,763
Intersegment sales and revenues8
 2
 11
 25
 (46) —
Total sales and revenues, net$2,631
 $936
 $119
 $121
 $(44) $3,763
Net income (loss) attributable to NIC$(109) $222
 $(13) $41
 $(215) $(74)
Income tax expense—
 —
 —
 —

(2) (2)
Segment profit (loss)$(109) $222
 $(13) $41
 $(213) $(72)
Depreciation and amortization$56
 $4
 $4
 $32
 $3
 $99
Interest expense—
 —
 —
 39
 89
 128
Equity in income (loss) of non-consolidated affiliates(3) 1
 —
 —
 —
 (2)
Capital expenditures(B)
75
 5
 2
 —
 8
 90
(B)    Exclusive of purchases of equipment leased to others.

(in millions)TruckPartsGlobal OperationsFinancial
Services		Corporate
and
Eliminations		Total
Segment assets, as of:
January 31, 2021$1,634 $654 $230 $2,149 $1,451 $6,118 
October 31, 20201,619 663 216 2,191 1,948 6,637 
39



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)




(in millions)Truck Parts Global Operations 
Financial
Services(A)
 Corporate
and
Eliminations		 Total
Six Months Ended April 30, 2019           
External sales and revenues, net$4,063
 $1,124
 $141
 $95
 $6
 $5,429
Intersegment sales and revenues30
 3
 19
 57
 (109) —
Total sales and revenues, net$4,093
 $1,127
 $160
 $152
 $(103) $5,429
Net income (loss) attributable to NIC$16
 $288
 $9
 $63
 $(413) $(37)
Income tax benefit—
 —
 —
 —
 20
 20
Segment profit (loss)$16
 $288
 $9
 $63
 $(433) $(57)
Depreciation and amortization$52
 $3
 $4
 $32
 $6
 $97
Interest expense—
 —
 —
 56
 111
 167
Equity in income (loss) of non-consolidated affiliates3
 1
 (1) —
 —
 3
Capital expenditures(B)
52
 1
 1
 2
 10
 66
_______________________
(A)Total sales and revenues in the Financial Services segment include interest revenues of $40 million and $75 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, respectively, and $55 million and $108 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2019, respectively.
(B)Exclusive of purchases of equipment leased to others.
(in millions)Truck Parts Global Operations Financial
Services		 
Corporate
and
Eliminations
 Total
Segment assets, as of:           
April 30, 2020$1,840
 $648
 $186
 $2,081
 $1,685
 $6,440
October 31, 20191,705
 688
 296
 2,774
 1,454
 6,917

14. Stockholders' Deficit
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The following table presents changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, included in our Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit:
(in millions)Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Defined Benefit Plans Total
Balance as of January 31, 2020$(329) $(1,755) $(2,084)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications(103) —
 (103)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss—
 24
 24
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)(103) 24
 (79)
Balance as of April 30, 2020$(432) $(1,731) $(2,163)

(in millions)Foreign Currency Translation AdjustmentsDefined Benefit PlansTotal
Balance as of October 31, 2020$(404)$(1,461)$(1,865)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications25 37 62 
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss(A)
0 17 17 
Net current-period other comprehensive income25 54 79 
Balance as of January 31, 2021$(379)$(1,407)$(1,786)

40



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



(in millions)Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Defined Benefit Plans Total
Balance as of October 31, 2019$(321) $(1,591) $(1,912)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications(111) —
 (111)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss—
 49
 49
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)(111) 49
 (62)
Reclassification of stranded tax effects(A)
—
 (189) (189)
Balance as of April 30, 2020$(432) $(1,731) $(2,163)


(in millions)Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Defined Benefit Plans Total
Balance as of January 31, 2019$(301) $(1,490) $(1,791)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications(18) —
 (18)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss—
 23
 23
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)(18) 23
 5
Balance as of April 30, 2019$(319) $(1,467) $(1,786)

(in millions)Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Defined Benefit Plans Total
Balance as of October 31, 2018$(315) $(1,605) $(1,920)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications(4) (8) (12)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss—
 146
 146
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)(4) 138
 134
Balance as of April 30, 2019$(319) $(1,467) $(1,786)

(in millions)Foreign Currency Translation AdjustmentsDefined Benefit PlansTotal
Balance as of October 31, 2019$(321)$(1,591)$(1,912)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications(8)0 (8)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss(A)
0 25 25 
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)(8)25 17 
Reclassification of stranded tax effects(B)
0 (189)(189)
Balance as of January 31, 2020$(329)$(1,755)$(2,084)
_________________________
(A)
During the first six months
(A)    The amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss relate to amortization of actuarial losses and are included in Other expense, net in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. There was minimal related tax expense in the quarters ended January 31, 2021 and 2020.
(B) During the quarter ended January 31, 2020, we reclassified $189 million of stranded tax effects out ofAccumulated other comprehensive loss and into Accumulated deficit. The stranded tax effects remained a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss as a result of the remeasurement of our deferred tax assets related to our U.S. pension and OPEB plans through the statement of operations, to the new U.S. federal tax rate of 21% through our ConsolidatedStatement of Operations. As a result, stranded tax effects within Accumulated other comprehensive loss which would not be realized at the established historical tax rates have now been adjusted through equity.
The following table presents the amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss and into Accumulated deficit. The stranded tax effects remained a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss as a result of the affected line item inremeasurement of our deferred tax assets related to our U.S. pension and OPEB plans through the statement of operations, to the new U.S. federal tax rate of 21% through our ConsolidatedStatements of Operations:Operations. As a result, stranded tax effects within Accumulated other comprehensive loss which would not be realized at the established historical tax rates have now been adjusted through equity.
    Three Months Ended April 30, Six Months Ended April 30,
(in millions) Location in Consolidated
Statements of Operations		 2020 2019 2020 2019
Defined benefit plans          
Amortization of actuarial loss Other expense, net $24
 $23
 $49
 $47
Settlements Other expense, net —
 —
 —
 142
  Total before tax 24
 23
 49
 189
  Income tax benefit —
 —
 —
 (43)
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax $24
 $23
 $49
 $146


41



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



15. Earnings (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Navistar International Corporation
The following table presents the information used in the calculation of our basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share all attributable to NIC in our Consolidated Statements of Operations:
 Three Months Ended April 30, Six Months Ended April 30,
(in millions, except per share data)2020
2019 2020 2019
Numerator:       
Net loss attributable to Navistar International Corporation common stockholders$(38) $(48) $(74) $(37)
        
Denominator:       
Weighted average shares outstanding:       
Basic99.7
 99.2
 99.6
 99.2
Effect of dilutive securities—
 —
 —
 —
Diluted99.7
 99.2
 99.6
 99.2
        
Loss per share attributable to Navistar International Corporation:       
       Basic$(0.38) $(0.48) $(0.74) $(0.37)
Diluted(0.38) (0.48) (0.74) (0.37)


42



Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)



The conversion rate on our former 4.75% Senior Subordinated Convertible Notes due 2019 (the “2019 Convertible Notes”) was 18.4946 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2019 Convertible Notes, equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $54.07 per share of common stock. The 2019 Convertible Notes had an anti-dilutive effect when calculating diluted earnings per share when our average stock price was less than $54.07. The 2019 Convertible Notes were fully repaid upon maturity in April 2019, and none were converted into shares of our common stock.
Three Months Ended January 31,
(in millions, except per share data)20212020
Numerator:
Amounts attributable to Navistar International Corporation common stockholders:
Loss from continuing operations, net of tax$(82)$(36)
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax1 0 
Net loss attributable to Navistar International Corporation common stockholders$(81)$(36)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic99.9 99.5 
Effect of dilutive securities0 0 
Diluted99.9 99.5 
Net income (loss) per share attributable to Navistar International Corporation:
Basic:
Continuing operations$(0.82)$(0.36)
Discontinued operations0.01 0 
       Basic$(0.81)$(0.36)
Diluted:
Continuing operations$(0.82)$(0.36)
Discontinued operations0.01 0 
Diluted$(0.81)$(0.36)
The computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share excludes outstanding options and other common stock equivalents in periods where inclusion of such potential common stock instruments would be anti-dilutive. For the three and six months ended April 30,
41

Navistar International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

January 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, no0 dilutive securities were included in the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share because they would have been anti-dilutive due to the net loss attributable to NIC.
42


Item 2.     Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is designed to provide information that is supplemental to, and should be read together with, our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2019.2020. Information in MD&A is intended to assist the reader in obtaining an understanding of (i) our consolidated financial statements, (ii) the changes in certain key items within those financial statements from year-to-year, (iii) the primary factors that contributed to those changes, (iv) any changes in known trends or uncertainties from items disclosed within the MD&A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 20192020 that we are aware of and that may have a material effect on our future performance, and (v) how certain accounting principles affect our consolidated financial statements. In addition, MD&A provides information about our business segments and how the results of those segments impact our results of operations and financial condition as a whole. Operating results for interim reporting periods are not necessarily indicative of annual operating results.
Executive Overview
Navistar is an international manufacturer of International® brand commercial trucks, proprietary brand diesel engines, and IC Bus®("IC") brand school and commercial buses, as well as a provider of service parts for trucks and diesel engines. Our core business is conducted in the North American truck and parts markets, where we principally participate in the U.S. and Canada school bus and Class 6 through 8 medium and heavy truck markets (our "Core" markets). We also provide retail, wholesale, and lease financing services for our trucks and parts.
SecondFirst Quarter Summary
In March 2020,During the World Health Organization ("WHO") characterizedfirst quarter of 2021, we remained focused on Navistar 4.0, which is our enterprise-wide strategy with our customers at its core, supported by strategic initiatives that guide decision-making and investments. We define success as an unparalleled customer experience, mutually beneficial relationships with employees, dealers, partners, customers and suppliers, and improved financial returns.
We continue to monitor and address risks related to the COVID-19 as a global pandemic and extraordinary actions have been taken by international, federal, state, and local public health and governmental authoritiespandemic. Navistar continues to contain and combat the outbreak and spread of COVID-19 in regions throughout the world. Navistar is operatingoperate as an essential business critical to supporting the world's increasingly stressed supply chain. We have activated aOur cross-functional response team to ensurehas been moderately successful in ensuring our business continuity and has constructed preparedness plans are updated based onto address the latest developments of this constantly evolving situation.
Due to disruptions in the supply chain resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, our global manufacturing activities at certain of our production facilities have been impacted. Truck and bus assembly plants in the U.S. and Mexico, as well as our engine assembly plants in the U.S. and Brazil, temporarily ceased production for various periods of time throughout the end of the second quarter. We expect to continue manufacturing operations at all plants subject to market conditions, component supplier disruptions, government regulations and the continued spread and impact of COVID-19.
Our parts organization is diligently tracking its parts supply base to minimize potential disruptions as a result of COVID-19.the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently all parts distribution centers ("PDCs") are open and operational. We have prevention measures in place and transition plans for our packagers, carriers and PDCs if a situation causes us to implement our contingency plans. We have also collaborated with our dealers to stock incremental parts inventory to help the industry keep operating as effectively as possible during this time of uncertainty.
We have implementedOur facilities are following strict safety measures at all of our facilities to protect our employees, visitors and business operations, including increased frequency in cleaning and disinfecting, as well as hygiene and social distancing practices, among other actions, in alignment with guidance from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control ("CDC") and WHOthe World Health Organization ("WHO") regarding threat assessment protocols. In addition, nearly allAdditionally, many of our non-production employees are currently workingcontinue to work remotely in order to reduce the spread of COVID-19. These working conditions have been designed to allow for the continuation of key business-critical operations, including financial reporting and internal controlcontrols facilitated by the appropriate digital tools.

43




In responseEven though the economy has begun to certain anticipated impacts fromrecover, the COVID-19 pandemic, we have implemented a series of temporary cost reduction measures to further preserve financial flexibility. These actions include the postponement of certain discretionary spending and capital expenditures, taking advantage of the broad-based employer relief provided under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"), a delay in certain 401(k) company matching contributions until 2021, and deferrals of a portion of the base salaries of certain current employees and executives. Taken together, these measures will result in conserving approximately $300 million in cash over the balance of our fiscal year ending October 31, 2020. In April 2020, we took additional actions to strengthen our financial flexibility through the issuance of $600 million of 9.5% senior secured notes, due 2025 ("9.5% Senior Secured Notes").The proceeds from the 9.5% Senior Secured Notes are being used for general corporate purposes. We will continue to diligently monitor business conditions and consider additional actions as necessary.
The full severity and duration of the related global economic crisis is not fully known, but itand the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to continue to negatively impact our operating results. We expect thehave negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our results to be more significant in the third quarter and may continue until global economic conditions improve. See Part II, Item 1A. - “Risk Factors” for a detailed description of the risks resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.supply chain as well as overall operating results.
We remain focused onIn November 2020, we publicly launched our Next Gen HX Series, our first product released under our Navistar 4.0 playingstrategy and its Project Compass Initiative. Focused on flexible, modular design to win strategy,meet customer needs, the program was developed with a mission to improve quality, commonality and margins.
43


On November 7, 2020, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with TRATON SE, a Societas Europaea (“Parent”), and Dusk Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Parent (“Merger Subsidiary”), pursuant to which Merger Subsidiary will be merged with and into the Company (the “Merger”), with the Company continuing as the surviving company in the Merger as a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Parent (the “Surviving Corporation”). Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), (a) each share of common stock of the Company, par value $0.10 per share (“Company Stock”), outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, unless otherwise provided by the Merger Agreement, shall be automatically canceled and converted into the right to receive $44.50 in cash, without interest (the “Common Merger Consideration”); (b) each share of Series D Convertible Junior Preference Stock of the Company, par value $1.00 per share (“Series D Stock”), outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, unless otherwise provided in the Merger Agreement, shall be automatically canceled and converted into an amount in cash, without interest, equal to the portion of the Common Merger Consideration that would have been payable in respect of such share of Series D Stock had such share of Series D Stock been converted into Company Stock pursuant to the terms of the certificate of incorporation of the Company in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time; and (c) the sole share of Series B Nonconvertible Junior Preference Stock of the Company, par value $1.00 (“Series B Stock”), issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall be unaffected by the Merger and shall remain outstanding as one share of Series B Stock of the Surviving Corporation, with the same rights, powers, preferences and privileges attributable to the sole share of Series B Stock immediately prior to the Effective Time.
Consummation of the Merger is basedsubject to various closing conditions, including, (i) the adoption of the Merger Agreement by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Company Stock entitled to vote on three critical elements: driving high performing cross-functional teams, creatingsuch matter at a sustainable longer-term performance advantage withinmeeting of the Company’s stockholders, (ii) the expiration or termination of the applicable waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as well as certain non-U.S. regulatory approvals, and (iii) the absence of any law or order (whether temporary, preliminary or permanent) by a governmental entity that restrains or otherwise prohibits the Merger or the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. The Merger Agreement also contains customary representations, warranties and covenants of the Company, Parent and Merger Subsidiary. The Company has also made certain covenants in the Merger Agreement, including covenants regarding the operation of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries prior to the Effective Time. As of the time of this filing, conditions (i) and (ii) noted above have been completed.
In January 2021, we approved a plan to sell our productsfacility in Melrose Park, IL (the “Melrose Park Facility”) and services,cease all operations at the Melrose Park Facility by November 2021. Due to a reduction in our overall engine manufacturing, the lack of engine manufacturing at the Melrose Park Facility, and identifyingthe trucking industry’s increasing interest in alternative fuel drivetrains, we believe that a property of the size of the Melrose Park Facility is not necessary for the remaining engine testing and focusing on key markets whereadministrative functions currently performed. In connection with the cessation of operations at the Melrose Park Facility, we expect to incur total costs of approximately $85 million, of which approximately $75 million will be incurred in 2021 while the remainder will be incurred in 2022. We expect that approximately half of the current workforce of approximately 500 employees at the Melrose Park Facility will be transferred to our other facilities.
In January 2021, we also announced a collaborative arrangement with General Motors Company, and OneH2, Inc. ("OneH2") to introduce a complete solution for customer implementation of a zero-emission long-haul system. We expect to be providing customers with added flexibility through a new hydrogen truck ecosystem. We believe the integrated solution will be competitive with other powertrain offerings with a target range of over 500 miles and a hydrogen fueling time of less than 15 minutes. As part of the arrangement, we have acquired a differentiated value to prove to our customers that we are their #1 choice.minority ownership stake in OneH2.
Financial Summary
Continuing Operations Results — In the secondfirst quarter of 2020,2021, our consolidated net sales and revenues were $1.9$1.8 billion, a 36% decrease compared to the second quarter of 2019. In the first half of 2020, our consolidated net sales and revenues were $3.8 billion, a 31%1% decrease compared to the first halfquarter of 2019.2020. The decrease for both periods reflects lower volumes from our Truck segment.Parts segment and lower net revenues from our Financial Services segment, partially offset by an increase in our Global segment volumes.
In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020,2021, we incurred a loss before income taxtaxes of $26$96 million and $63 million, respectively, compared to $44 million and $46$37 million in the respective prior year periods.period. Our gross margin decreased by $202 million and $347 million in the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020, respectively, primarily due2021 was comparable to the impact of lower volumes. In the second quarter of 2019, we recognized charges of $159 million related to the MaxxForce Engine EGR class action settlement and related litigation charges. In the first half of 2019, we purchased group annuity contracts for certain retired pension plan participants which resulted in pension settlement accounting charges of $142 million. respective prior year period.
In the first quarter of 2019,2021, we also recorded a gain of $54 million related to the sale of a majority interest in our former defense business, ND Holdings, LLC ("Navistar Defense"), and a gain on sale of $5 million related to our joint venture in China with Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Bo., Ltd ("JAC").
In the second quarter and first half of 2020, we recognized income tax expenses of $7 million and $2 million, respectively, compared to an income tax benefit of $1$18 million and $20compared to $5 million in the respective prior year periods.period. The year over year change inincrease to income tax expensebenefit for the first quarter is largely the result of a $38 million tax benefit associated with a group annuity contract purchase for certain retired pension plan participants, recorded in the first quarter of 2019. Other year over year differences include the impact of earnings,an increase in the loss before income taxes, earnings and/or losses for which no tax expense or benefit can be recognized due to valuation allowances, geographical mix, and certain discrete items, primarily related to a $15 million tax benefit for the appreciationchange in the value of the U.S. dollar recorded in the three months ended April 30, 2020.first quarter of 2021.
In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020,2021, after income taxes, we incurred a net loss from continuing operations attributable to Navistar International Corporation ("NIC")NIC of $38 million and $74$82 million, or $0.38 and $0.74$0.82 per diluted share, respectively, compared to a net loss of $48 million and $37$36 million, or $0.48 and $0.37$0.36 per diluted loss share, in the respective prior periods.year period.
44


In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020,2021, consolidated net incomeloss attributable to NIC, before manufacturing interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization expenses (“EBITDA”) was $61$3 million and $116 million, respectively, compared to $55 million and $151 million in the respective prior year periods.period. Excluding certain net impacts, adjusted EBITDA ("Adjusted EBITDA") in the secondfirst quarter and first half of 20202021 was $88$116 million and $147 million, respectively, compared to $224 million and $397$59 million in the respective prior year periods.period. In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020,2021, adjusted consolidated net income (loss) attributable to NIC, excluding certain net impacts ("Adjusted Net Income (Loss)"), was $5 million compared to a loss of $10 million and $43 million, respectively, compared to income of $105 million and $162$33 million in the respective prior year periods.period. EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted Net Income (Loss) are not determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, nor are they presented as alternatives to U.S. GAAP measures. For more information regarding this non-GAAP financial information, see Non-GAAP Financial Performance Measures.

44




We ended the secondfirst quarter of 20202021 with $1.5$1.3 billion of consolidated cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities, compared to $1.4$1.8 billion as of October 31, 2019.2020. The increasedecrease in consolidated cash and cash equivalents was primarily attributable to decreases in accountsnet repayments of revolving debt of $64 million and finance receivables and proceeds from the issuanceother long-term debt of the 9.5% Senior Secured Notes partially offset by$232 million, $191 million of contributions to our pension plans, net loss of $77 million, capital expenditures of $73 million, purchases of equipment leased to others of $25 million, an increase in inventories decreasesof $86 million, and a decrease in other current liabilities of $36 million, partially offset by increases in accounts payable of $29 million and other currentnon-current liabilities of $32 million and repayments on securitized, revolving and other long-term debt facilities.a decrease in finance receivables of $144 million.
Results of Operations
The following information summarizes our Consolidated Statements of Operations and illustrates the key financial indicators used to assess our consolidated financial results.
Results of Operations for the quarter ended April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 as compared to the quarter ended April 30, 2019January 31, 2020
Three Months Ended April 30,     Six Months Ended April 30,    Three Months Ended January 31,
(in millions, except per share data and % change)2020 2019 Change % Change 2020
2019 Change % Change(in millions, except per share data and % change)20212020Change% Change
Sales and revenues, net$1,925
 $2,996
 $(1,071) (36)% $3,763
 $5,429
 $(1,666) (31)%Sales and revenues, net$1,812 $1,838 $(26)(1)%
Costs of products sold1,624
 2,493
 (869) (35)% 3,153
 4,472
 (1,319) (29)%Costs of products sold1,507 1,529 (22)(1)%
Restructuring charges—
 1
 (1) (100)% 1
 1
 —
 — %Restructuring charges21 1 20 N.M.
Asset impairment charges13
 1
 12
 N.M.
 13
 3
 10
 333 %Asset impairment charges31 — 31 N.M.
Selling, general and administrative expenses170
 373
 (203) (54)% 352
 559
 (207) (37)%Selling, general and administrative expenses205 182 23 13 %
Engineering and product development costs78
 75
 3
 4 % 164
 161
 3
 2 %Engineering and product development costs84 86 (2)(2)%
Interest expense63
 82
 (19) (23)% 128
 167
 (39) (23)%Interest expense64 65 (1)(2)%
Other expense, net2
 18
 (16) (89)% 13
 115
 (102) (89)%
Other (income) expense, netOther (income) expense, net(5)11 (16)(145)%
Total costs and expenses1,950
 3,043
 (1,093) (36)% 3,824
 5,478
 (1,654) (30)%Total costs and expenses1,907 1,874 33 2 %
Equity in income (loss) of non-consolidated affiliates(1) 3
 (4) (133)% (2) 3
 (5) (167)%
Loss before income tax(26) (44) 18
 41 % (63) (46) (17) (37)%
Income tax benefit (expense)(7) 1
 (8) (800)% (2) 20
 (22) (110)%
Net loss(33) (43) 10
 23 % (65) (26) (39) (150)%
Equity in loss of non-consolidated affiliatesEquity in loss of non-consolidated affiliates(1)(1)— — %
Loss before income taxesLoss before income taxes(96)(37)(59)159 %
Income tax benefitIncome tax benefit18 5 13 260 %
Loss from continuing operationsLoss from continuing operations(78)(32)(46)144 %
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests5
 5
 —
 — % 9
 11
 (2) (18)%Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests4 4 — — %
Net income (loss) attributable to Navistar International Corporation$(38) $(48) $10
 21 % $(74) $(37) $(37) (100)%
Loss from continuing operations(A)
Loss from continuing operations(A)
(82)(36)(46)128 %
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxIncome from discontinued operations, net of tax1 — 1 N.M.
Net loss(A)
Net loss(A)
$(81)$(36)$(45)125 %
               
Diluted income (loss) per share(A)
$(0.38) $(0.48) $0.10
 21 % $(0.74) $(0.37) $(0.37) (100)%
Diluted loss per share(A)
Diluted loss per share(A)
Continuing operationsContinuing operations$(0.82)$(0.36)$(0.46)128 %
Discontinued operationsDiscontinued operations0.01 — 0.01 — %
$(0.81)$(0.36)$(0.45)125 %
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding99.7
 99.2
 0.5
 1 % 99.6
 99.2
 0.4
 — %Diluted weighted average shares outstanding99.9 99.5 0.4 — %
_________________________
(A) Amounts attributable to NIC.

(B) Not meaningful.
45




Sales and revenues, net
Our sales and revenues, net, are principally generated via sales of products and services. Sales and revenues, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations, by reporting segment were as follows:
Three Months Ended April 30,     Six Months Ended April 30,    Three Months Ended January 31,
(in millions, except % change)2020 2019 Change % Change 2020 2019 Change % Change(in millions, except % change)20212020Change% Change
Truck$1,389

$2,296
 $(907) (40)% $2,631
 $4,093
 $(1,462) (36)%Truck$1,237 $1,242 $(5)— %
Parts443

579
 (136) (23)% 936
 1,127
 (191) (17)%Parts467 493 (26)(5)%
Global Operations51

87
 (36) (41)% 119
 160
 (41) (26)%Global Operations95 68 27 40 %
Financial Services64

78
 (14) (18)% 121
 152
 (31) (20)%Financial Services51 57 (6)(11)%
Corporate and Eliminations(22) (44) 22
 50 % (44) (103) 59
 57 %Corporate and Eliminations(38)(22)(16)73 %
Total$1,925
 $2,996
 $(1,071) (36)% $3,763
 $5,429
 $(1,666) (31)%Total$1,812 $1,838 $(26)(1)%
In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020,2021, our Truck segment net sales decreased by $907$5 million and $1,462 million, respectively, or 40% and 36%, respectively.compared to the first quarter of 2020. The decrease iswas primarily due to lowerdriven by a $95 million reduction in volumes in our Core markets, attributable,partially offset by a $42 million increase in part, to the COVID-19 pandemic, lowervolumes in Mexico, $22 million in higher used truck volumes, and a decrease$21 million in GM-branded units manufactured for GM. The decrease in the first half of the year is also driven by the impact of the sale of a majority interest in Navistar Defense inhigher export volumes.
In the first quarter of 2019.
In the second quarter and first half of 2020,2021, our Parts segment net sales decreased by $136$26 million and $191 million, respectively, or 23% and 17%, respectively.5% compared to the first quarter of 2020. The decrease iswas primarily due to decreased North Americadriven by lower volumes due to the COVID-19 pandemic impact in the U.S. and Canada due to the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the commercial truck and a decrease in sales of our Blue Diamond Parts, LLC ("BDP") joint venture with Ford Motor Company ("Ford").school bus industries.
In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020,2021, our Global Operations segment net sales decreasedincreased by $36$27 million and $41 million, respectively, or 41% and 26%, respectively.40% compared to the first quarter of 2020. The decreaseincrease was primarily driven by depreciationan increase of $54 million from higher volumes and parts sales revenues in our South America operations, partially offset by a decrease of $27 million due to the devaluation of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar as the average conversion rate weakened by 21%28% compared to the second quarter of 2019, and lower volumes in our South America operations triggered by temporary production stoppages related to the COVID-19 pandemic.prior year.
In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020,2021, our Financial Services segment net revenues decreased by $14$6 million and $31 million, respectively, or 18% and 20%, respectively.11% compared to the first quarter of 2020. The decrease iswas primarily driven by a $4 million decline in lower average finance receivables, and a reduction in finance fees chargedyields due to our Manufacturing operations.lower interest rates.
Costs of products sold
In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020, Costs2021, costs of products sold decreased by $869$22 million and $1,319 million, respectively, or 35% and 29%, respectively.1% compared to the first quarter of 2020. The decrease was primarily driven by the impact of lower overall volumes in our Core markets attributable, in part, to the COVID-19 pandemic.
In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020,2021, we recorded charges of $13$49 million and $17 million, respectively, for adjustments to pre-existing warranties compared to charges of $9$4 million and $2 million forin the respective prior year periods. period. Pre-existing warranties during the period were primarily driven by supplier quality issues on engines soldhigher adjustments of prior period amounts related to standard Truck warranties due to increased expected rates of failure and cost per repair, than we had in the first quarter of 2020.
Restructuring charges
In the first quarter of 2021, restructuring charges increased by $20 million compared with the respective prior years.year period. The increase was due to postretirement and severance charges of $21 million related to our plan to cease all operations at the Melrose Park Facility, which were recorded in our Truck segment. For more information, see Note 3, Restructuring, Impairments and Divestitures, to the accompanying financial statements.
Asset impairment charges
In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020, Asset2021, asset impairment charges increased by $12$31 million and $10 million, respectively.compared to the first quarter of 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to the recognition of $12$25 million of asset impairment charges in our Global OperationsTruck segment triggered by the impactas a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.exit from and disposition of the Melrose Park Facility. For more information on asset impairments, see Note 3, Restructurings,Restructuring, Impairments and Divestitures, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
SG&A expenses
In the first quarter of 2021, SG&A expenses increased by $23 million or 13% compared to the first quarter of 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in certain compensation expenses of $24 million and $10 million of costs related to the proposed merger with TRATON, partially offset by a $9 million decrease in SG&A expenses in our Truck segment.
46


Other expense, net
In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020, SG&A2021, other expenses decreased by $203$16 million and $207 million, respectively, or 54% and 37%, respectively. This decrease is primarily attributable to the MaxxForce Engine EGR class action settlement and related litigation charges of $159 million recorded in the second quarter of 2019 in our Truck segment and a decrease in employee compensation expenses. For more information on our legal proceedings, see Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

46




Interest expense
In the second quarter and first half of 2020, Interest expense decreased by $19 million and $39 million, respectively, or 23% for both periods145% compared with the respective prior year periods. period. The decrease iswas primarily attributable to a reduction in the underfunded status of our health and life insurance benefits driven by lower average debt balances priorupdated per capita cost and trend assumptions due to the issuance of the 9.5% Senior Secured Notes, lower borrowing rates, and the impact of an improved funding strategy whereby Financial Services operations has replaced certain term debtfavorable contract negotiations with revolving debt. This strategy allows our Financial Services operations to utilize manufacturing cash in lieu of certain borrowings on an intra-quarter basis.insurers at October 31, 2020.
Other expense, netIncome tax benefit
In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020, Other expenses decreased2021, our income tax benefit increased by $16$13 million and $102 million, respectively, or 89% for both periods260% compared with the respective prior year periods.period. The decrease in the second quarter is primarily attributable to favorable impacts related to foreign currency rates. The decrease in the first half of 2020 is primarily driven by a group annuity contract purchase for certain retired pension plan participants which resulted in a plan remeasurement in the prior year. As a result, we recorded pension settlement accounting charges of $142 million in the first quarter 2019. The decrease in the first half of 2020 was partially offset by a gain of $54 million related to the sale of a majority interest in Navistar Defense and a gain on sale of $5 million related to our joint venture in China with JAC, both recorded in the first quarter of 2019.
Income tax expense
In the second quarter and first half of 2020, our income tax expense increased by $8 million and $22 million, respectively. The income tax expensebenefit is largely the result of a $38 million tax benefit associated with a group annuity contract purchase for certain retired pension plan participants, recorded in the first quarter of 2019. Other year over year differences include the impact of earnings,an increase in loss before income taxes, earnings and/or losses for which no tax expense or benefit can be recognized due to valuation allowances,allowance, geographical mix, and certain discrete items, primarily related to a $15 million tax benefit for the appreciationchange in value of the U.S. dollar recorded in the three months ended April 30, 2020.first quarter of 2021.
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests is the result of our consolidation of subsidiaries that we do not wholly own. Substantially all of the net income attributable to non-controlling interests in 20202021 and 20192020 relates to Ford Motor Company's non-controlling interest in BDP.
Segment Results of Operations
We define segment profit (loss) as net income (loss) attributable to NIC excluding income tax benefit (expense). The following sections analyze operating results as they relate to our four segments and do not include intersegment eliminations. For additional information concerning our segments, see Note 13, Segment Reporting, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Truck Segment
Three Months Ended April 30,     Six Months Ended April 30,    Three Months Ended January 31,
(in millions, except % change)2020 2019 Change % Change 2020 2019 Change % Change(in millions, except % change)20212020Change% Change
Truck segment sales, net$1,389
 $2,296
 $(907) (40)% $2,631
 $4,093
 $(1,462) (36)%Truck segment sales, net$1,237 $1,242 $(5)— %
Truck segment profit (loss)(51) (74) 23
 31
 (109) 16
 (125) (781)
Truck segment lossTruck segment loss(81)(58)(23)40 %
Segment sales
In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020,2021, our Truck segment net sales decreased by $907$5 million and $1,462 million, respectively, or 40% and 36%, respectively.compared with the respective prior year period. The decrease iswas primarily due to lowerdriven by a $95 million reduction in volumes in our Core markets, attributable, in part, to the COVID-19 pandemic, lowerpartially offset by $42 million of higher Mexico volumes, $22 million of higher used truck volumes, and a decrease in GM-branded units manufactured for GM. The decrease in the first half$21 million of the year is also driven by the impact of the sale of a majority interest in Navistar Defense inhigher export volumes.
In the first quarter of 2019.
In the second quarter of 2020,2021, chargeouts from our Core markets decreased by 40%9% compared to the secondfirst quarter of 2019, which is reflective of industry volumes and market share.2020. The decrease represents a 57%47% decrease in Class 8 heavy trucks,school buses and a 45% decrease in medium trucks, a 14%31% decrease in Class 8 severe service trucks, andpartially offset by a 6% decrease38% increase in school buses.Class 8 heavy trucks.

Segment results
In the first halfquarter of 2020, chargeouts from2021, our Core markets decreasedTruck segment profit declined by 39%$23 million or 40% compared to the first halfquarter of 2019, which is also reflective of industry volumes and market share.2020. The decrease represents a 63% decrease in Class 8 heavy trucks, a 38% decrease in medium trucks,profit was driven by $31 million of asset impairment charges and a 14% decrease in school buses. Class 8 severe service truck chargeouts were comparable$21 million of restructuring charges, primarily related to the prior year.

47




Segment results
Incessation of the second quarter and first half of 2020 our Truck segment results improved byoperations at the Melrose Park Facility, a $23 million or 31%, and declined by $125 million, or 781%, respectively. The impacts to the second quarter and first half of 2020 include non-recurring EGR settlement charges of $159 million recordedincrease in the second quarter of 2019 and decreased finance fees from our Financial Services segment,warranty, partially offset by the impact$13 million of lower volumesa favorable combination of volume and product mix in our Core markets attributable, in part,and Mexico, $18 million due to the COVID-19 pandemic, higher used truck losses,sales and lower Mexico volumes. Thea $9 million decrease forin SG&A expenses.
In the first halfquarter of 2020 was also impacted by the sale of a majority interest in Navistar Defense in 2019.
In the second quarter and first half of 2020,2021, we recorded charges of $13$49 million and $17 million, respectively, for adjustments to pre-existing warranties compared to $9 million and $2$4 million in the respective prior year periods. period. Pre-existing warranties during the period were primarily driven by supplier quality issues on engines soldhigher adjustments of prior period amounts related to standard Truck warranties due to increased expected rates of failure and cost per repair, than we had in prior years.
In the first halfquarter of 2019, we recorded a gain of $54 million related to the sale of a 70% equity interest in Navistar Defense in Other expense, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.2020.
Parts Segment
Three Months Ended January 31,
(in millions, except % change)20212020Change% Change
Parts segment sales, net$467 $493 $(26)(5)%
Parts segment profit111 119 (8)(7)%
47

 Three Months Ended April 30,     Six Months Ended April 30,    
(in millions, except % change)2020 2019 Change % Change 2020 2019 Change % Change
Parts segment sales, net$443
 $579
 $(136) (23)% $936
 $1,127
 $(191) (17)%
Parts segment profit103
 144
 (41) (28)% 222
 288
 (66) (23)%

Segment sales
In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020,2021, our Parts segment net sales decreased by $136$26 million and $191 million, respectively, or 23% and 17%, respectively.5% compared with the respective prior year period. The decrease iswas primarily due to decreased North Americadriven by lower volumes due to the COVID-19 impact in the U.S. and Canada due to the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the commercial truck and a decrease in BDP sales.school bus industries.
Segment profit
In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020,2021, our Parts segment profit decreased by $41$8 million and $66 million, respectively, or 28% and 23%, respectively.7% compared with the respective prior year period. The decrease is primarily due to the impactwas driven by $14 million of lower North America volumes related to the COVID-19 impact in the U.S. and Canada, and lower BDP sales, partially offset by a decrease in finance fees from our Financial Services segment and$4 million of lower intercompany access fees. Access fees are allocated to our Parts segment from our Truck segment, primarily for the development of new products, and consist of certain engineering and product development costs, depreciation expense, and SG&A expenses.
Global Operations Segment
Three Months Ended April 30,     Six Months Ended April 30,    Three Months Ended January 31,
(in millions, except % change)2020 2019 Change % Change 2020
2019 Change % Change(in millions, except % change)20212020Change% Change
Global Operations segment sales, net$51
 $87
 $(36) (41)% $119
 $160
 $(41) (26)%Global Operations segment sales, net$95 $68 $27 40 %
Global Operations segment profit (loss)(13) 3
 (16) (533)% (13) 9
 (22) (244)%
Global Operations segment profitGlobal Operations segment profit6 — 6 N.M.
Segment sales
In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020,2021, our Global Operations segment net sales decreasedincreased by $36$27 million and $41 million, respectively, or 41% and 26%, respectively.40% compared to the first quarter of 2020. The decreaseincrease was primarily driven by depreciation$54 million of higher volumes and parts sales revenues in our South America operations, partially offset by $27 million due to the devaluation of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar as the average conversion rate weakened by 21%28% compared to the second quarter of 2019, and lower volumes in our South America operations triggered by temporary production stoppages related to the COVID-19 pandemic.prior year.
Segment resultsprofit
In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020,2021, our Global Operations segment profit decreasedincreased by $16$6 million and $22 million, respectively, or 533% and 244%, respectively.compared to the first quarter of 2020. The decreaseincrease was primarily driven by the recognition of asset impairment charges of $12 million and the impact of lower volumes triggered by temporary production stoppages relateddue to the COVID-19 pandemic. The decrease in the first half of 2020 was also impacted by higher other income in 2019 of $5 million related to the sale of our former joint venture in China with JAC.

48




volumes.
Financial Services Segment
Three Months Ended April 30,     Six Months Ended April 30,    Three Months Ended January 31,
(in millions, except % change)2020 2019 Change % Change 2020 2019 Change % Change(in millions, except % change)20212020Change% Change
Financial Services segment revenues, net$64
 $78
 $(14) (18)% $121
 $152
 $(31) (20)%Financial Services segment revenues, net$51 $57 $(6)(11)%
Financial Services segment profit24
 32
 (8) (25)% 41
 63
 (22) (35)%Financial Services segment profit12 17 (5)(29)%
Segment revenues
In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020,2021, our Financial Services segment net revenues decreased by $14$6 million and $31 million, respectively, or 18% and 20%, respectively.11% compared with the respective prior year period. The decrease iswas primarily driven by $4 million of lower average finance receivables, and a reduction in finance fees chargedyields due to our Manufacturing operations.lower interest rates.
Segment profit
In the secondfirst quarter and first half of 2020,2021, our Financial Services segment profit decreased by $8$5 million and $22 million, respectively, or 25% and 35%, respectively.29% compared to the first quarter of 2020. The decrease was primarily driven by the impact$6 million of lower revenues and a $4 million increase in SG&A expenses due to higher depreciation on operating leases and increased provision for losses, partially offset by the result of an improved funding strategy whereby Financial Services operations has replaced certain term debt with revolving debt. This strategy allows our Financial Services operations to utilize manufacturing casha $6 million decrease in lieu of certain borrowings on an intra-quarter basis.interest expense resulting from lower borrowing requirements and lower borrowing rates.
Supplemental Information
The following tables provide additional information on truck industry retail units, market share data, order units, backlog units, and chargeout units. These tables present key metrics and trends that provide quantitative measures of our performance.
48


Truck Industry Retail Deliveries
The following table summarizes approximate industry retail deliveries for our Core markets, categorized by relevant class, according to Wards Auto and IHS Markit ("Polk") and our Core retail deliveries:
Three Months Ended April 30,     Six Months Ended April 30,  Three Months Ended January 31,
(in units)2020
2019 Change % Change 2020 2019 Change % Change(in units)20212020Change% Change
Core markets (U.S. and Canada)               Core markets (U.S. and Canada)
School buses(A)
4,700
 4,800
 (100) (2)% 11,300
 10,700
 600
 6 %
School buses(A)
6,600 6,600 — — %
Class 6 and 7 medium trucks18,700
 28,100
 (9,400) (33)% 41,400
 54,800
 (13,400) (24)%Class 6 and 7 medium trucks22,600 22,700 (100)— %
Class 8 heavy trucks33,700
 57,000
 (23,300) (41)% 77,900
 114,300
 (36,400) (32)%Class 8 heavy trucks45,600 44,200 1,400 3 %
Class 8 severe service trucks16,000
 18,300
 (2,300) (13)% 35,500
 36,100
 (600) (2)%Class 8 severe service trucks16,600 19,500 (2,900)(15)%
Total Core markets73,100
 108,200
 (35,100) (32)% 166,100
 215,900
 (49,800) (23)%Total Core markets91,400 93,000 (1,600)(2)%
Combined class 8 trucks49,700
 75,300
 (25,600) (34)% 113,400
 150,400
 (37,000) (25)%Combined class 8 trucks62,200 63,700 (1,500)(2)%
Navistar Core retail deliveries12,100
 20,900
 (8,800) (42)% 24,500
 38,600
 (14,100) (37)%Navistar Core retail deliveries14,000 12,400 1,600 13 %
_________________________
(A)
(A)    The School bus retail market deliveries include buses classified as B, C, and D and are being reported on a one-month lag.

Truck Retail Delivery Market Share
The following table summarizes our approximate retail delivery market share percentages for the Class 6 through 8 U.S. and Canada truck markets, based on market-wide information from Wards Auto and Polk:
 Three Months Ended
 April 30, 2020 January 31, 2020 October 31, 2019 July 31, 2019 April 30, 2019
Class 6-8 Trucks (U.S. and Canada)         
Class 6 and 7 medium trucks22.9% 20.3% 25.9% 26.8% 29.8%
Class 8 heavy trucks11.6% 6.1% 14.3% 13.8% 15.1%
Class 8 severe service trucks14.6% 14.0% 19.7% 14.1% 12.6%
Combined class 8 trucks12.5% 8.5% 15.7% 13.9% 14.5%

49




Three Months Ended
January 31, 2021October 31, 2020July 31, 2020April 30, 2020January 31, 2020
Class 6-8 Trucks (U.S. and Canada) 
Class 6 and 7 medium trucks21.7 %19.0 %22.1 %22.9 %20.3 %
Class 8 heavy trucks8.7 %10.4 %10.6 %11.6 %6.1 %
Class 8 severe service trucks15.0 %18.9 %16.5 %14.6 %14.0 %
Combined class 8 trucks10.4 %12.5 %12.6 %12.5 %8.5 %
Truck Orders, net
We define orders as written commitments received from customers and dealers during the year to purchase trucks. Net orders represent new orders received during the year less order cancellations made during the same year. Orders do not represent guarantees of purchases by customers or dealers and are subject to cancellation. Orders may be either sold orders, which will be built for specific customers, or stock orders, which will generally be built for dealer inventory for eventual sale to customers. These orders may be placed at our assembly plants in the U.S. and Mexico for destinations anywhere in the world and include trucks and buses. Historically, we have had an increase in net orders for stock inventory from our dealers at the end of the year due to a combination of demand and, from time to time, incentives to the dealers. Increases in stock orders typically translate to higher future chargeouts. The following table summarizes our approximate net orders for Core units:
Three Months Ended January 31,
(in units)2021

2020Change% Change
Core markets (U.S. and Canada)
School buses1,700 4,200 (2,500)(60)%
Class 6 and 7 medium trucks9,900 3,200 6,700 209 %
Class 8 heavy trucks11,300 1,000 10,300 1,030 %
Class 8 severe service trucks3,700 1,600 2,100 131 %
Total Core markets26,600 10,000 16,600 166 %
Combined class 8 trucks15,000 2,600 12,400 477 %
 Three Months Ended April 30,   Six Months Ended April 30,  
(in units)2020
2019 Change % Change 2020 2019 Change % Change
Core markets (U.S. and Canada)               
School buses3,000
 6,200
 (3,200) (52)% 7,200
 9,500
 (2,300) (24)%
Class 6 and 7 medium trucks2,800
 7,400
 (4,600) (62)% 6,000
 19,000
 (13,000) (68)%
Class 8 heavy trucks2,400
 7,400
 (5,000) (68)% 3,400
 19,500
 (16,100) (83)%
Class 8 severe service trucks2,000
 4,000
 (2,000) (50)% 3,600
 6,800
 (3,200) (47)%
Total Core markets10,200
 25,000
 (14,800) (59)% 20,200
 54,800
 (34,600) (63)%
Combined class 8 trucks4,400
 11,400
 (7,000) (61)% 7,000
 26,300
 (19,300) (73)%

Truck Backlogs49
We define order backlogs ("backlogs") as orders yet to be built as of the end of the period. Our backlogs do not represent guarantees of purchases by customers or dealers and are subject to cancellation. Although backlogs are one of many indicators of market demand, other factors such as changes in production rates, internal and supplier available capacity, new product introductions, and competitive pricing actions may affect point-in-time comparisons. Backlogs exclude units in inventory awaiting additional modifications or delivery to the end customer. The following table summarizes our approximate backlog for Core units:
 As of April 30,    
(in units)2020 2019 Change % Change
Core markets (U.S. and Canada)       
School buses4,300
 6,100
 (1,800) (30)%
Class 6 and 7 medium trucks5,600
 17,400
 (11,800) (68)%
Class 8 heavy trucks8,500
 23,200
 (14,700) (63)%
Class 8 severe service trucks4,100
 8,900
 (4,800) (54)%
Total Core markets22,500
 55,600
 (33,100) (60)%
Combined class 8 trucks12,600
 32,100
 (19,500) (61)%

50





Truck Chargeouts
We define chargeouts as trucks that have been invoiced to customers. The units held in dealer inventory represent the principal difference between retail deliveries and chargeouts. The following table summarizes our approximate worldwide chargeouts:
Three Months Ended April 30,


Six Months Ended April 30,   Three Months Ended January 31,

(in units)2020
2019
Change
% Change
2020 2019 Change % Change(in units)2021

2020

Change

% Change
Core markets (U.S. and Canada)               Core markets (U.S. and Canada)
School buses3,100
 3,300
 (200) (6)% 5,000
 5,800
 (800) (14)%School buses1,000 1,900 (900)(47)%
Class 6 and 7 medium trucks4,900
 8,900
 (4,000) (45)% 9,300
 15,000
 (5,700) (38)%Class 6 and 7 medium trucks4,300 4,400 (100)(2)%
Class 8 heavy trucks3,700
 8,600
 (4,900) (57)% 6,100
 16,400
 (10,300) (63)%Class 8 heavy trucks3,300 2,400 900 38 %
Class 8 severe service trucks2,500
 2,900
 (400) (14)% 5,400
 5,400
 —
 — %Class 8 severe service trucks2,000 2,900 (900)(31)%
Total Core markets14,200
 23,700
 (9,500) (40)% 25,800
 42,600
 (16,800) (39)%Total Core markets10,600 11,600 (1,000)(9)%
Non "Core" defense—
 —
 —
 — % —
 100
 (100) (100)%
Other markets(A)
3,200
 5,500
 (2,300) (42)% 7,600
 7,200
 400
 6 %
Other markets(A)
4,400 4,400 — — %
Total worldwide units17,400
 29,200
 (11,800) (40)% 33,400
 49,900
 (16,500) (33)%Total worldwide units15,000 16,000 (1,000)(6)%
Combined class 8 trucks6,200
 11,500
 (5,300) (46)% 11,500
 21,800
 (10,300) (47)%Combined class 8 trucks5,300 5,300 — — %
_____________________________
(A)Other markets primarily consist of Class 4/5 vehicles, Export Truck, Mexico, and post-sale Navistar Defense. Other markets include certain Class 4/5 vehicle chargeouts of 1,100 and 3,200 GM-branded units sold to GM during the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, respectively, and 2,500 and 2,700 during the three and six months ended 2019.
(A)    Other markets primarily consist of Class 4/5 vehicles, Export Truck, Mexico, and post-sale Navistar Defense. Other markets include certain Class 4/5 vehicle chargeouts of 2,100 GM-branded units sold to GM during both the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Consolidated cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities
 As of
(in millions)April 30, 2020
October 31, 2019
Consolidated cash and cash equivalents$1,547
 $1,370
Consolidated marketable securities—
 —
Consolidated cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities$1,547
 $1,370
As ofAs of
(in millions)April 30, 2020 October 31, 2019(in millions)January 31, 2021October 31, 2020
Manufacturing operations$1,497
 $1,328
Manufacturing operations$1,179 $1,749 
Financial Services operations50
 42
Financial Services operations82 94 
Consolidated cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities$1,547
 $1,370
Consolidated cash and cash equivalentsConsolidated cash and cash equivalents$1,261 $1,843 
Manufacturing and Financial Services cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities
Manufacturing cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities, and Financial Services cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities are not presented in accordance with, and should not be viewed as an alternative to, U.S. GAAP. This non-GAAP financial information should be considered supplemental to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, we believe that non-GAAP reporting provides meaningful information and therefore we use it to supplement our U.S. GAAP reporting by identifying items that may not be related to the core manufacturing business. We provide this information for an additional analysis of our ability to meet our operating requirements, capital expenditures, equity investments, any legal settlements, and financial obligations. Manufacturing cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities represent our consolidated cash and cash equivalents, and marketable securities, which excludes cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities of our Financial Services operations. We include marketable securities, if any, with ourConsolidated cash and cash equivalents when assessing our liquidity position as these investments are highly liquid in nature. Consolidated cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities totaled $1.5$1.3 billion as of April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and $1.4$1.8 billion as of October 31, 2019.

51




2020.
Cash Requirements
We generate cash flows from operations from the sale of trucks, buses, diesel engines, and parts, as well as from product financing provided to our dealers and retail customers by our Financial Services operations. We fund our operations and strategic plans primarily with cash, cash generated from operations, debt and equity. It is our opinion that, in the absence of significant extraordinary cash demands, our: (i) level of cash and cash equivalents, and marketable securities, (ii) current and forecasted cash flow from our Manufacturing operations and Financial Services operations, (iii) availability under various funding facilities, (iv) current and forecasted availability from various funding alliances, and (v) access to capital in the capital markets, will provide sufficient funds to meet operating requirements, capital expenditures, investments, any legal settlements, and financial obligations on both a short-term and long-term basis. Future Manufacturing operations debt obligations are expected to be met through a combination of cash generation from operations and refinancing activities. We also believe the quality of our underlying portfolio of receivables will ensure the ongoing funding from various sources and alliance partners and will permit our Financial Services operations to meet our financing requirements and those of our dealers, and retail customers.
In response to the significant extraordinary cash demands presented by the COVID-19 pandemic,
50


Under certain of our debt arrangements we have implemented a series of temporary measures to preserve liquidity. These actions include the postponement of certain discretionary spending, taking advantage of the broad-based employer relief provided under the CARES Act, a delay in certain 401(k) company matching contributions until 2021, and deferrals of a portion of the base salaries of certain current employees and executives. In April 2020, we took additional actions to strengthen our financial flexibility through the issuance of $600 million of our 9.5% Senior Secured Notes. The full severity and duration of the related global economic crisis is not known, but may continue to negatively impact our liquidity.
We have ability under certain debt arrangements to raise additional cash by incurring incremental debt. The covenants in all of our debt agreements permit us to refinance existing debt instruments as they mature. We expect to substantially replace the $300 million two-year investor notes issued byIn July 2020, Navistar Financial Services Corporation ("NFSC") prior to maturity in September 2020. The NFSCissued $300 million of two-year investor notes which are secured by assets of the wholesale notenotes owner trust. The proceeds were used to repay the $300 million of investor notes that matured in September 2020.

Effective October 15, 2020, we have the option to redeem, in whole or in part, the $225 million 6.75% Tax Exempt Bonds. Should we choose to redeem the bonds, we expect to fund the redemption with cash on hand, other lower cost debt, or through a refunding of the bonds.
In January 2020, ourOur retail accounts funding facility was renewed and extended to June 2021, withhas a capacity range of $100 million to $200 million.
In May 2020, the maturity date ofmillion and our variable funding notes ("VFN") facility was extended to May 2021, and thehas a maximum capacity remainedof $350 million.
Our Manufacturing operations sold $3.4$1.5 billion of wholesale notes and accounts receivable to our Financial Services operations during the sixthree months ended April 30, 2020.January 31, 2021. The total outstanding balance of wholesale notes and accounts receivable purchased was $1.3$1.0 billion as of April 30, 2020.January 31, 2021.
NFC paid a $30 million dividend to NI in December 2019, and totalTotal loans outstanding from our Financial Services operations to our Manufacturing operations were $422$283 million and $281$363 million as of April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019,2020, respectively. Loans outstanding include: an unsecured loan balance with NFC of $200 million as of both April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019;2020; financing from NFC that is secured by used truck inventory of $138 million and $25$63 million as of April 30, 2020both January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019, respectively;2020; and an intercompany revolving loan agreement (the "Intercompany Revolving Loan") with our captive insurance company under our Financial Services segment. As of April 30, 2020both January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019,2020, the outstanding balance under the Intercompany Revolving Loan agreement was $20 million and $16 million, respectively.million. There was $64no balance outstanding as of January 31, 2021 and $80 million and $40 million outstanding as of October 31, 2020 under a working capital loan from our Mexico financial operations for orders received as of April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively.to our Mexico manufacturing operations.
As of April 30, 2020,January 31, 2021, the aggregate amount available to fund finance receivables under our Financial Services funding facilities was $654 million,$1.1 billion, and there were no borrowings of $30 million outstanding under NI's $125 million asset-based credit facility which is also used to secure certain outstanding letters of credit.

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Cash Flow Overview
Three Months Ended January 31, 2021
(in millions)
Manufacturing
Operations(A)
Financial Services Operations and Adjustments(A)
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(408)$278 $(130)
Net cash used in investing activities(78)(23)(101)
Net cash used in financing activities(87)(192)(279)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash3 (2)1 
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(570)61 (509)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period1,793 180 1,973 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period$1,223 $241 $1,464 
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 Six Months Ended April 30, 2020
(in millions)
Manufacturing
Operations(A)
 
Financial Services Operations and Adjustments(A)
 Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(481)
$363
 $(118)
Net cash used in investing activities(85)
(4) (89)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities745

(408) 337
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(12) 3
 (9)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash167
 (46) 121
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period1,378
 179
 1,557
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period$1,545
 $133
 $1,678


Six Months Ended April 30, 2019Three Months Ended January 31, 2020
(in millions)
Manufacturing
Operations(A)

Financial Services Operations and Adjustments(A)

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows(in millions)
Manufacturing
Operations(A)
Financial Services Operations and Adjustments(A)
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Net cash used in operating activities$(83) $(107) $(190)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities97
 (60) 37
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(311)$410 $99 
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(49)(5)(54)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(342) 268
 (74)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities12 (473)(461)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(6) (4) (10)Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(3)(1)(4)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(334) 97
 (237)
Decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashDecrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(351)(69)(420)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period1,295
 150
 1,445
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period1,378 179 1,557 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period$961
 $247
 $1,208
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period$1,027 $110 $1,137 
_________________________
(A)Manufacturing operations cash flows and Financial Services operations cash flows are not presented in accordance with, and should not be viewed as an alternative to, U.S. GAAP. This non-GAAP financial information should be considered supplemental to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, we believe that non-GAAP reporting provides meaningful information and therefore we use it to supplement our U.S. GAAP reporting by identifying items that may not be related to the core manufacturing business. Management often uses this information to assess and measure the performance and liquidity of our operating segments. Our Manufacturing operations, for this purpose, include our Truck segment, Global Operations segment, Parts segment, and Corporate items which include certain eliminations. The reconciling differences between these non-GAAP financial measures and our U.S. GAAP consolidated financial statements in Item 1, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, are our Financial Services operations and adjustments required to eliminate certain intercompany transactions between Manufacturing operations and Financial Services operations. Our Financial Services operations cash flows are presented consistent with their treatment in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and may not be consistent with how they would be treated on a stand-alone basis. We have chosen to provide this supplemental information to allow additional analysis, to illustrate the respective cash flows giving effect to the equity basis cash flow shown above, and to provide an additional measure of performance and liquidity.
(A)    Manufacturing operations cash flows and Financial Services operations cash flows are not presented in accordance with, and should not be viewed as an alternative to, U.S. GAAP. This non-GAAP financial information should be considered supplemental to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, we believe that non-GAAP reporting provides meaningful information and therefore we use it to supplement our U.S. GAAP reporting by identifying items that may not be related to the core manufacturing business. Management often uses this information to assess and measure the performance and liquidity of our operating segments. Our Manufacturing operations, for this purpose, include our Truck segment, Global Operations segment, Parts segment, and Corporate items which include certain eliminations. The reconciling differences between these non-GAAP financial measures and our U.S. GAAP consolidated financial statements in Item 1, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, are our Financial Services operations and adjustments required to eliminate certain intercompany transactions between Manufacturing operations and Financial Services operations. Our Financial Services operations cash flows are presented consistent with their treatment in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and may not be consistent with how they would be treated on a stand-alone basis. We have chosen to provide this supplemental information to allow additional analysis, to illustrate the respective cash flows giving effect to the equity basis cash flow shown above, and to provide an additional measure of performance and liquidity.
Manufacturing Operations
Manufacturing Operations Cash Flow from Operating Activities
Cash used in operating activities was $481$408 million and $83$311 million in the sixthree months ended April 30,January 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively. The higher use ofnet decrease in cash flow from operating activities in 20202021 compared to 20192020 was primarily attributable to a significant increase in pension contributions, a lesser decrease in accounts receivable and a decrease in dividends from Financial Services, partially offset by a smaller increase in inventories and lesser decreases in accounts payable and other current liabilities, which includes an $85 million escrow payment related to the MaxxForce Advanced EGR engine class action settlement, partially offset by a higher decrease in the collection of accounts receivable, a lower increase in inventories, a decrease in other current assets, a higher decrease in intercompany receivables from our Financial Services operations, and a $30 million dividend received from our Financial Services operations.liabilities.
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized, was $86$80 million and $103$58 million in the sixthree months ended April 30,January 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively.
Manufacturing Operations Cash Flow from Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities was $85$78 million and $49 million in the sixthree months ended April 30,January 31, 2021 and 2020, compared to cash provided by investing activities of $97 million in the six months ended April 30, 2019.respectively. The decreaseincrease in cash flow fromused in investing activities in 20202021 compared to 20192020 was primarily attributable to lower maturities of marketable securities, an increaseincreases in capital expenditures and lowerinvestments in non-consolidated affiliates and decreases in proceeds from the sale of a majority interest in Navistar Defense, and from the sale of our joint venture in China with JAC.

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non-consolidated affiliates.
Manufacturing Operations Cash Flow from Financing Activities
Cash used by financing activities was $87 million in the three months ended January 31, 2021, compared to cash provided by financing activities was $745 million, compared to cash used in financing activities of $342$12 million in the sixthree months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.January 31, 2020. The net increasedecrease in cash flow provided by financing activities in 20202021 compared to 20192020 was primarily attributable to proceeds received from the issuancenet repayment of the 9.5% Senior Secured Notes, borrowings under the asset-based credit facility, lower principal repayments of long-term debt and higher proceeds from loans made from our Financial Services operations to Manufacturing operations.
Financial Services Operations
Financial Services Operations and Adjustments to Cash Flow from Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities was $363$278 million compared to cash used in operations of $107and $410 million in the sixthree months ended April 30,January 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively. The increasedecrease in cash provided by operating activities compared to 20192020 was primarily due to an increasea decrease in net collections on finance receivables, partially offset by a decreasean increase in net intercompany payables to our Manufacturing operations.
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized, was $32$10 million and $49$17 million for the sixthree months ended April 30,January 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively.
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Financial Services Operations and Adjustments to Cash Flow from Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities was $4$23 million and $60$5 million in the sixthree months ended April 30,January 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively. The decreaseincrease in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to a decreasean increase in purchases of equipment leased to others.
Financial Services Operations and Adjustments to Cash Flow from Financing Activities
Cash used in financing activities was $408$192 million in the six months ended April 30, 2020, compared to cash provided by financing activities of $268and $473 million in the three months ended April 30, 2019.January 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The net decrease in cash used was primarily due to the repaymentdecrease in net repayments of borrowings from the increasedecrease in net collections of finance receivables and the decrease inincrease borrowing requirements related to the decreaseincrease in purchases of equipment leased to others, partially offset by the increase in borrowing requirements related to the decrease in net intercompany payables to our Manufacturing operations.others.
Non-GAAP Financial Performance Measures
EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income (Loss), which exclude certain identified items that we do not consider to be part of our ongoing business, are not in accordance with, and should not be viewed as an alternative to, U.S. GAAP. This non-GAAP financial information should be considered supplemental to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
We believe these non-GAAP measures provide meaningful information about the performance of our business and therefore we use them to supplement our U.S. GAAP reporting. We believe that they improve the comparability of year-to-year results and are representative of our underlying performance. Management uses this information to assess and measure the performance of our operating segments. We have chosen to provide this supplemental information for an additional analysis of our operating results, to illustrate the results of operations giving effect to the non-GAAP adjustments shown in the below reconciliations, and to provide additional measures of performance.
EBITDA reconciliation:
Three Months Ended January 31,
Three Months Ended April 30, Six Months Ended April 30,
(in millions)2020
2019 2020
2019(in millions)20212020
Net income (loss) attributable to NIC$(38) $(48) $(74)
$(37)
Net loss attributable to NICNet loss attributable to NIC$(81)$(36)
Plus:    




Plus:
Depreciation and amortization expense49
 49
 99

97
Depreciation and amortization expense51 50 
Manufacturing interest expense(A)
43
 55
 89

111
Manufacturing interest expense(A)
51 46 
Adjusted for:    




Adjusted for:
Income tax (expense) benefit(7) 1
 (2)
20
Income tax benefitIncome tax benefit18 5 
EBITDA$61

$55

$116

$151
EBITDA$3 $55 
______________________
(A)Manufacturing interest expense is the net interest expense primarily generated for borrowings that support the Manufacturing and Corporate operations, adjusted to eliminate intercompany interest expense with our Financial Services segment. The following table reconciles Manufacturing interest expense to the consolidated interest expense:
(A)    Manufacturing interest expense is the net interest expense primarily generated for borrowings that support the Manufacturing and Corporate operations, adjusted to eliminate intercompany interest expense with our Financial Services segment. The following table reconciles Manufacturing interest expense to the consolidated interest expense:
Three Months Ended January 31,
(in millions)20212020
Interest expense$64 $65 
Less: Financial services interest expense13 19 
Manufacturing interest expense$51 $46 

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 Three Months Ended April 30, Six Months Ended April 30,
(in millions)2020 2019 2020
2019
Interest expense$63
 $82
 $128

$167
Less: Financial services interest expense20
 27
 39

56
Manufacturing interest expense$43
 $55
 $89

$111
Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation:
 Three Months Ended April 30, Six Months Ended April 30,
(in millions)2020 2019 2020 2019
EBITDA (reconciled above)
$61
 $55
 $116

$151
Adjusted for significant items of:










Adjustments to pre-existing warranties(A)
13
 9
 17
 2
Asset impairment charges(B)
13
 1
 13
 3
Restructuring of manufacturing operations(C)
—
 1
 1
 1
MaxxForce Advanced EGR engine lawsuits(D)
1
 159
 1
 159
Gain on sales(E)
—
 —
 —
 (59)
Pension settlement(F)
—
 —
 —
 142
Settlement gain(G)
—
 (1) (1) (2)
Total adjustments27
 169
 31
 246
Adjusted EBITDA$88

$224
 $147

$397

Three Months Ended January 31,
(in millions)20212020
EBITDA (reconciled above)
$3 $55 
Adjusted for significant items of:
Adjustments to pre-existing warranties(A)
49 4 
Asset impairment charges(B)
31 — 
Restructuring of manufacturing operations(C)
21 1 
TRATON merger costs(D)
10 — 
Shy profit-sharing accrual(E)
2 — 
Settlement gain(F)
— (1)
Total adjustments113 4 
Adjusted EBITDA$116 $59 
Adjusted Net Income (Loss) attributable to NIC:
Three Months Ended April 30, Six Months Ended April 30,Three Months Ended January 31,
(in millions)2020 2019 2020 2019(in millions)20212020
Net loss attributable to NIC$(38) $(48) $(74) $(37)Net loss attributable to NIC$(81)$(36)
Adjusted for significant items of:       Adjusted for significant items of:
Adjustments to pre-existing warranties(A)
13
 9
 17
 2
Adjustments to pre-existing warranties(A)
49 4 
Asset impairment charges(B)
13
 1
 13
 3
Asset impairment charges(B)
31 — 
Restructuring of manufacturing operations(C)
—
 1
 1
 1
Restructuring of manufacturing operations(C)
21 1 
MaxxForce Advanced EGR engine lawsuits(D)
1
 159
 1
 159
Gain on sales(E)
—
 —
 —
 (59)
Pension settlement(F)
—
 —
 —
 142
TRATON merger costs(D)
TRATON merger costs(D)
10 — 
Shy profit-sharing accrual(E)
Shy profit-sharing accrual(E)
2 — 
Settlement gain(G)(F)
—
 (1) (1) (2)— (1)
Total adjustments27
 169
 31
 246
Total adjustments113 4 
Tax effect (H)
1
 (16) —
 (47)
Tax effect (G)
Tax effect (G)
(27)(1)
Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to NIC$(10) $105
 $(43) $162
Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to NIC$5 $(33)
_____________________
(A)Adjustments to pre-existing warranties reflect changes in our estimate of warranty costs for products sold in prior periods. Such adjustments typically occur when claims experience deviates from historic and expected trends. Our warranty liability is generally affected by component failure rates, repair costs, and the timing of failures. Future events and circumstances related to these factors could materially change our estimates and require adjustments to our liability. In addition, new product launches require a greater use of judgment in developing estimates until historical experience becomes available.
(B)In the second quarter and first half of 2020, we recorded $12 million of asset impairment charges related to long lived assets in our Brazil asset group in our Global Operations segment. In the second quarter of 2020, we recorded $1 million of asset impairment charges related to certain assets under operating leases in our Truck segment. In the second quarter and first half of 2019 we recorded $1 million and $3 million, respectively, of asset impairment charges related to certain assets under operating leases in our Truck segment.
(C)In the first half of 2020, we recorded a restructuring charge of $1 million in our Truck segment. In the second quarter and first half of 2019 we recorded a restructuring charge of $1 million in our Truck segment.

(A)Adjustments to pre-existing warranties reflect changes in our estimate of warranty costs for products sold in prior periods. Such adjustments typically occur when claims experience deviates from historic and expected trends. Our warranty liability is generally affected by component failure rates, repair costs, and the timing of failures. Future events and circumstances related to these factors could materially change our estimates and require adjustments to our liability. In addition, new product launches require a greater use of judgment in developing estimates until historical experience becomes available.
55(B)In the first quarter of 2021, we recorded $31 million of asset impairment charges in our Truck segment, comprised of $25 million related to the Melrose Park Facility disposition and $6 million related to certain assets under operating leases.

(C)In the first quarter of 2021, we recorded restructuring charges of $21 million in our Truck segment, related to the Melrose Park Facility disposition. In the first quarter of 2020, we recorded restructuring charges of $1 million in our Truck segment.

(D)In the first quarter of 2021 we incurred $10 million of costs related to the proposed TRATON merger.

(E)In the first quarter of 2021, we recorded a $2 million charge related to the Shy profit-sharing accrual.
(F)In the first quarter of 2020, we recorded interest income of $1 million, in Other expense, net derived from the prior year settlement of a business economic loss claim relating to our former Alabama engine manufacturing facility in Corporate.

(G)Tax effect is calculated by excluding the impact of the non-GAAP adjustments from the interim period tax provision calculations.
(D)In the second quarter and first half of 2020 and 2019, we recorded charges of $1 million and $159 million, respectively, related to the MaxxForce Advanced EGR engine class action settlement and related litigation in our Truck Segment.
(E)In the first half of 2019, we recognized a gain of $54 million related to the sale of a majority interest in the Navistar Defense business in our Truck segment, and a gain of $5 million related to the sale of our joint venture in China with JAC in our Global Operations segment.
(F)
In the first half of 2019, we purchased group annuity contracts for certain retired pension plan participants resulting in plan remeasurements. As a result, we recorded pension settlement accounting charges of $142 million in Other expense, net in Corporate.
(G)
In the second quarter of 2019, we recorded interest income of $1 million, in Other expense, net derived from the prior year settlement of a business economic loss claim relating to our former Alabama engine manufacturing facility in Corporate. In the first half of 2020 and 2019, we recorded interest income of $1 million and $2 million, respectively, in Other expense, net derived from the prior year settlement of a business economic loss claim relating to our former Alabama engine manufacturing facility in Corporate.
(H)Tax effect is calculated by excluding the impact of the non-GAAP adjustments from the interim period tax provision calculations.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
See the applicable section of Item 7.7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2019. During2020.
For the sixthree months ended April 30, 2020, under provisions of the CARES Act, our previously expected remaining 2020 pension contributions of $162 million are deferred until the first quarter of 2021.
For the six months ended April 30, 2020,January 31, 2021, we contributed $30$191 million to our pension plans to meet regulatory funding requirements. The first quarter 2021 contributions include the $157 million of contributions we deferred in 2020 under the provisions of the CARES Act. We expect to contribute $129 million to our pension plans during the remainder of 2021.
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Future contributions are dependent upon a number of factors, principally the changes in values of plan assets, changes in interest rates, and the impact of any future funding relief. We currently expect that we will be required to contribute to our pension plans in 2021 approximately $335$170 million and in 2022, $160 million in 2023 and 2023 approximately $200$90 million per year, respectively,in 2024, depending on asset performance, discount rates, and discount rates.current pension legislation.
For more information, see Note 9, Postretirement Benefits, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Other Information
Environmental Matters
We have been named a potentially responsible party ("PRP"), in conjunction with other parties, in a number of cases arising under an environmental protection law, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, popularly known as the "Superfund" law. These cases involve sites that allegedly received wastes from current or former Company locations. Based on information available to us, which, in most cases, consists of data related to quantities and characteristics of material generated at current or former Company locations, material allegedly shipped by us to these disposal sites, as well as cost estimates from PRPs and/or federal or state regulatory agencies for the cleanup of these sites, a reasonable estimate is calculated of our share, if any, of the probable costs and accruals are recorded in our consolidated financial statements. These accruals are generally recognized no later than completion of the remedial feasibility study and are not discounted to their present value. We review all accruals on a regular basis and believe that, based on these calculations, our share of the potential additional costs for the cleanup of each site will not have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
In addition, other sites formerly owned by us or where we are currently operating have been identified as having soil and groundwater contamination. While investigations and cleanup activities continue at these sites, we believe that we have appropriate accruals to cover costs to complete the cleanup of all sites.
Impact of Environmental Regulation
Government regulation related to climate change is under consideration at the U.S. federal and state levels. Because our products use fossil fuels, they may be impacted indirectly due to regulation, such as a cap and trade program, affecting the cost of fuels. The United States Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration ("NHTSA") issued final rules for greenhouse gas ("GHG") phase 1 emissions and fuel economy in 2011, which rules were fully implemented in model year 2017. We are complying with these rules through use of existing technologies and implementation of emerging technologies as they become available. The EPA and NHTSA adopted a final rule in October 2016 with the next phase of federal GHG emission and fuel economy regulations. This rule contains more stringent emissions levels for engines and vehicles and will taketakes effect in model year 2021 and be implemented in three stages culminating in model year 2027. EPA issued a proposed rule on March 16, 2020 containing largely technical amendments focused on the heavy duty GHG test procedures as well as other technical changes. The Company, along with the industry, is currently evaluating these changes. Canada has finalized a heavy duty phase 2 GHG rulemaking, which is substantially similar to EPA regulations with more stringent requirements for heavy haul tractors.

 We are complying with these rules through use of existing technologies and implementation of emerging technologies as they become available.
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55




In December 2014, California adopted GHG emission rules for heavy duty vehicles equivalent to EPA phase 1 rules and is in the process of adoptingwe expect that it will seek a waiver for its phase 2 equivalent rules. In 2014, California also adopted an optional lower emission standard for oxides of nitrogen ("NOx") in California. California has stated its intention to lower NOx standards for California-certified engines and has requested that the EPA lower its standards. In June 2016, several regional air quality management districts in California and other states, as well as the environmental agencies for several states, petitioned the EPA to adopt lower NOx emission standards for on-road heavy duty trucks and engines. The EPA responded to the petition in December 2016 stating that it would consider additional NOx regulations targeting model year 2024. On January 6, 2020 the EPA submitted an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for publication in the Federal Register. Within the advanced proposalnotice the EPA is soliciting comments towards a potential rule which would take effect in the 2027 timeframe. The EPA is considering regulatory changes to address lower NOx emissions standards, updates to test procedures to capture real world emissions, updates to certification and in-use testing protocol, extended emissions warranty and regulatory useful life. On April 18, 2019, the California Air Resources Board ("CARB") released a white paper providing an outline of measures it feels may be feasible, including lowered NOx and particular matter emission standards, changes in testing protocols, extended emission warranty periods, changes to durability demonstration periods, in-use testing and various other changes that are being considered for implementation between 2022 and 2027. However,On June 23, 2020 CARB hassolicited comments on a proposal that lowers emissions in two stages in 2024 and 2027, culminating in a NOx standard of 0.02 g. In addition, CARB proposed increasing stringency on useful life periods, warranty requirements and certification testing requirements. Navistar, along with an industry trade group and other companies, intends to comment on this proposal and to participate actively in this regulatory proceeding. We do not issued these as formal regulatory proposals.anticipate a rule becoming final during the 2021 calendar year. California is currently considering regulatory requirements to expand the zero emissions truck market, including the mandated sale of certain vehicles. It issued and approved a proposal that would require between 5 and 9 percent of the heavy duty vehicle fleet sold into California to be comprised of zero emission vehicles in 2024 with the percentage increasing thereafter. This rule is not yet final, but is anticipated that it will be issued as a final rule in 2021.
We expect that heavy duty vehicle and engine fuel economy and GHG emissions rules will be under consideration in other global jurisdictions in the future. The EPA also issued a final rule in October 2015 that lowered the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone to 70 parts per billion. This rule could lead to future lower emission standards for substances that contribute to ozone depletion, including NOx from vehicles, at the federal and state levels. Our facilities may be subject to regulation related to climate change and climate change itself may also have some impact on our operations. However, these impacts are currently uncertain and we cannot predict the nature and scope of those impacts.
These standards will require significant investments of capital and will significantly increase costs of development, costs of materials, and warranty costs for engines and vehicles and will require us to incur administrative costs arising from implementation of the standards.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, we use estimates and make judgments and assumptions about future events that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and the related disclosures. Our assumptions, estimates, and judgments are based on historical experience, current trends, and other factors we believe are relevant at the time we prepare our consolidated financial statements.
Our significant accounting policies and critical accounting estimates are consistent with those discussed in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements and the MD&A section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2019.2020. During the sixthree months ended April 30, 2020,January 31, 2021, there were no significant changes in our application of our critical accounting policies.
To aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reporting results, we have identified the following accounting policies as our most critical because they require us to make difficult, subjective, and complex judgments:
•Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
•Income Taxes
•Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
•Revenue
•Product Warranty
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
The information required to be set forth under this heading is incorporated by reference from Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1.
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Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
See Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2019.2020. During the sixthree months ended April 30, 2020,January 31, 2021, there have been no material changes in our exposure to market risk.

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Item 4.    Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
In connection with the preparation of this report, management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of April 30, 2020.January 31, 2021. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the quarter ended April 30, 2020,January 31, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no material changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended April 30, 2020January 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—Other Information
Item 1.Legal Proceedings
Item 1.    Legal Proceedings
The information required to be set forth under this heading is incorporated by reference from Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1.
Item 1A.Risk Factors
Item 1A.Risk Factors
During the sixthree months ended April 30, 2020,January 31, 2021, there have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our year ended October 31, 2019, except as disclosed below:2020.
Our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows have been and will in the future be adversely affected by the global coronavirus pandemic.
We face various risks related to public health issues, including epidemics, pandemics, and other outbreaks, including the deadly global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in actions taken by international, federal, state and local public health and government authorities to contain and combat the spread of COVID-19, including travel bans, quarantines, “stay-at-home” orders and similar requirements for individuals to restrict daily activities and restrictions on business operations. These measures have resulted in work stoppages at certain suppliers that are part of our supply chain, which could impair our ability to deliver products to our customers. Due to supplier disruptions, we temporarily suspended operations at some facilities, including our truck and bus assembly plants in the U.S. and Mexico, as well as our engine assembly plants in the U.S. and Brazil, for various periods of time throughout the end of the second quarter. While we are considered an essential business by many state and other governments and plan to continue manufacturing operations to the extent possible, all of our scheduled production dates are subject to change based on market conditions. In the near term, it is extremely difficult or impossible to predict the length for which certain plants may be suspended or if additional facilities will experience similar closures.

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The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our financial condition and results of operations will depend on future developments, including the duration and scope of the pandemic, the impact on our customers and suppliers, how quickly normal economic conditions, operations and demand for our products can resume and whether any of our key markets will experience recessionary conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. We cannot predict with any certainty if or when any further disruptions will occur due to the rapidly changing environment as the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve. We believe that our future financial results will be impacted, but at this time, the magnitude of such impacts is uncertain. As a result, on March 23, 2020 we withdrew our previously announced financial and industry guidance for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020. The temporary closure of certain plants, as well as other business disruptions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, including potential layoffs, furloughs of employees or deferral of employee compensation, may impact our ability to deliver our products to our customers on schedule. On April 13, 2020, we announced a series of cost reduction initiatives that we estimated would conserve approximately $300 million in cash over the balance of our fiscal year ending October 31, 2020. These cash actions, along with any cost savings initiatives or other cash actions we undertake in response to COVID-19, may not achieve their intended results, and may result in other adverse consequences to our business, and such impact may be material. We currently expect that the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to negatively impact our cash flow and liquidity profile. Whether we will continue to have sufficient liquidity to meet our operating requirements, capital expenditures, investments and financial obligations on both a short-term and long-term basis is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including that we do not experience an extended shutdown of the majority of our manufacturing plants as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise. For example, if we cannot service all of our obligations under our existing debt, we will have to take actions, such as reducing or delaying capital investments, selling assets, restructuring or refinancing our debt or seeking additional debt or equity capital. We cannot assure you that any of these remedies could, if necessary, be effected on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Our ability to restructure or refinance our debt will depend on our financial condition at such time and the condition of the capital markets, which have and may continue to be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience adverse impacts to our business as a result of any economic recession or depression that has occurred or that may occur in the future.
Additionally, the COVID-19 outbreak has significantly increased economic and demand uncertainty. The extent of a global recession caused by the COVID-19 pandemic could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and operations. In past recessions, demand for trucks and buses has been negatively impacted which has resulted in lower chargeouts, adverse pricing, lower parts sales and lower used truck residual values. Current economic forecasts for significant increases in unemployment in the U.S. and other regions due to the adoption of social distancing and other policies to slow the spread of the virus is likely to have a negative impact on demand for our products, and these impacts could exist for an extended period of time. To the extent COVID-19 adversely affects our business, operations, financial condition and operating results, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks and uncertainties described in the “Risk factors” sections of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019 and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended April 30, 2020 and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and/or stock price.
There are risks and uncertainties as a result of the non-binding proposal by TRATON SE to acquire the Company.
As previously disclosed in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 31, 2020, on January 30, 2020 we received an unsolicited proposal from TRATON SE, which is approximately 90% owned by Volkswagen AG, regarding a potential transaction to acquire all the outstanding shares of Navistar that it does not already own for $35.00 per share in cash. Consistent with its fiduciary duties, our Board of Directors, in consultation with our financial and legal advisors, is carefully reviewing and evaluating the proposal in the context of our strategic plan for the Company in order to determine the course of action that it believes is in the best interest of the Company and its stakeholders.
On March 23, 2020, the TRATON Group issued a press release in conjunction with the release of its Annual Report indicating that the COVID-19 pandemic prevents it from providing any reliable guidance regarding business performance in 2020. As of the date hereof, the TRATON Group’s proposal has not been withdrawn. Developments arising since the date the TRATON Group’s proposal was made may impact the likelihood and terms of any transaction, including, without limitation, developments relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. There can be no assurance that any definitive, binding proposal will be made, that any agreement will be executed or that the transaction contemplated by the proposal or any other transaction will be approved or consummated. Until the Company enters into, or declares that it will not enter into, a definitive agreement with respect to the transaction contemplated by the TRATON Group’s offer or any alternative transaction, the price of our equity and debt securities may change to reflect market assumptions as to whether any transaction is likely to occur. In addition, we will incur significant costs, expenses and fees for professional services and other costs in connection with the proposal, and many of these fees and costs will be payable by us regardless of whether any transaction is consummated.

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We operate in the highly competitive North American truck and parts markets which are subject to considerable cyclicality and to remain competitive we must maintain profitability throughout the entire cycle.
The North American truck and parts markets in which we operate are highly competitive and cyclical. As a result, we and other manufacturers face competitive pricing and margin pressures that could adversely affect our ability to increase or maintain vehicle prices. Many of our competitors have greater financial resources, which may place us at a competitive disadvantage in responding to substantial industry changes, such as changes in governmental regulations that require major additional capital expenditures. In addition, certain of our competitors may have a lower overall cost structure.
In order to remain competitive, we must remain profitable throughout the entire cycle. Our ability to be profitable depends in part on the varying conditions in the truck, bus, mid-range diesel engine, and service parts markets, which are subject to cycles in the overall business environment and are particularly sensitive to the industrial sector, which generates a significant portion of the freight tonnage hauled. Truck and engine demand is also dependent on general economic conditions, interest rate levels and fuel costs, among other external factors. We expect the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to adversely impact demand for our products and sales, and our financial results, including our profitability, but at this time, the full magnitude of those impacts is uncertain.
Our business has significant liquidity requirements, and while recent operating results have improved our liquidity position, the Company’s overall credit profile, the cyclicality of the industry and external economic factors could have an adverse impact on our liquidity position.
Significant assumptions underlie our beliefs with respect to our liquidity position, including, among other things, assumptions relating to North American truck volumes, the continuing availability of trade credit from certain key suppliers, the ability to gain and retain market share and grow revenue and margins, the absence of material adverse developments in our competitive market position, access to the capital markets and our capital requirements and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, we cannot assure you that we will continue to have sufficient liquidity to meet our operating needs. In the event that we do not have sufficient liquidity, we may be required to seek additional capital, sell assets, reduce or cut back our operating activities or otherwise alter our business strategy.
We currently expect that the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to negatively impact our cash flow and liquidity profile. Our belief that we will continue to have sufficient liquidity to meet our operating requirements, capital expenditures, investments and financial obligations on both a short-term and long-term basis is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including that we do not experience an extended shutdown of the majority of our manufacturing plants as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise. Should it become necessary in order to service our existing debt or other obligations, we could have to take actions, such as reducing or delaying capital investments, selling assets, restructuring or refinancing our debt or seeking additional debt or equity capital. We cannot assure you that any of these remedies could, if necessary, be effected on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Our ability to restructure or refinance our debt will depend on our financial condition at such time and the condition of the capital markets, which have and may continue to be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience adverse impacts to our business as a result of any economic recession or depression that has occurred or may occur in the future.

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Our manufacturing operations are dependent upon third-party suppliers, including, in certain cases, single- source suppliers, making us vulnerable to supply shortages.
We obtain raw materials, parts and manufactured components from third-party suppliers (“Third Party Supplies”). Any delay in receiving Third Party Supplies could impair our ability to deliver products to our customers and, accordingly, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. The volatility in the financial markets and uncertainty in the automotive sector could result in exposure related to the financial viability of certain of our suppliers. Suppliers may also exit certain business lines, causing us to find other suppliers for materials or components and potentially delaying our ability to deliver products to customers, or our suppliers may change the terms on which they are willing to provide products to us, any of which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, many of our suppliers have unionized workforces that could be subject to work stoppages as a result of labor relations issues. The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in work stoppages at certain suppliers that are part of our supply chain. Due to the resulting supplier disruptions, we temporarily suspended all production at our truck and bus assembly plants in the U.S. and Mexico, as well as our engine assembly plants in the U.S and Brazil for various periods of time throughout the end of the second quarter, and all manufacturing operations at all plants are subject to change based on market conditions, component supplier disruptions, government regulations, and the continued spread and impact of COVID-19. If work stoppages were to be implemented again, there could be resulting supply shortages that could impact our ability to deliver our products to our customers on schedule and, accordingly, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Some of our suppliers are the sole source for a particular supply item (e.g., the majority of engines, parts and manufactured components) and cannot be quickly or inexpensively re-sourced to another supplier due to long lead times and contractual commitments that might be required by another supplier in order to provide the component or materials. Even as production resumes by us and our suppliers, production volumes may be volatile and we may need to modify our production environment to ensure the health and safety of our workers and customers. If we are unsuccessful in managing the re-start of our production, our results of operations may be materially affected. In addition to the risks described above regarding interruption of Third Party Supplies, which are exacerbated in the case of single-source suppliers, the exclusive supplier of a component potentially could exert significant bargaining power over price, quality, warranty claims or other terms relating to a component.
We are exposed to political, economic, and other risks that arise from operating a multinational business.
We have significant operations in foreign countries, primarily in Canada, Mexico and Brazil. Accordingly, our business is subject to the political, economic, and other risks that are inherent in operating a multinational company. These risks include, among others:
trade protection measures, export limitations and import and export licensing requirements;
tariffs imposed on key raw materials could potentially disrupt our existing supply chains and impose additional costs on our business, including costs with respect to raw materials upon which our business depends;
difficulty in staffing and managing international operations and the application of foreign labor regulations;
multiple and potentially conflicting laws, regulations, and policies that are subject to change;
currency exchange rate risk;
changes in general economic and political conditions in countries where we operate, particularly in emerging markets; and
the occurrence and spread of a contagious disease or illness, such as COVID-19.
In addition, we are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”) and other laws which prohibit improper payments to foreign governments and their officials by U.S. and other business entities. Certain of the countries in which we operate present heightened corruption risks, which therefore increases the risks of our exposure under the FCPA and other applicable anti-bribery and corruption laws and regulations.
Our ability to execute our strategy is dependent upon our ability to attract, train and retain qualified personnel.
Our continued success depends, in large part, on our continued ability to identify, attract, develop, motivate and retain qualified employees in key functions and geographic areas, including the U.S., Canada, Mexico and Brazil. Although we continue to compete for top talent in large metropolitan areas outside of large automotive hubs, we have achieved a leaner and targeted workforce while reducing and controlling costs. In addition, to effectively manage our domestic and global operations, we will need to continue engaging our workforce throughout the entire employee lifecycle to create sustained high performance for our organization. Failure to do so could impair our ability to execute our business strategy and could have an adverse effect on our business prospects.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the risk that a portion of our workforce will suffer illness or otherwise be unable to work and may affect our ability to effectively engage our workforce. The COVID-19 pandemic may also result in potential layoffs, furloughs or salary reductions of employees, which could have an adverse effect on our ability to attract, train and retain qualified personnel in the future. For example, we deferred a portion of the base salaries of our executive officers and certain salaried employees until December 31, 2020. We cannot assure you that we will be able to rehire our workforce in the future.
We could incur further restructuring and impairment charges as we continue to evaluate our portfolio of assets and identify opportunities to restructure our business and rationalize our manufacturing operations in an effort to optimize our cost structure.
We continue to evaluate our portfolio of assets in order to validate their strategic and financial fit. To focus on our North American Core business, we have evaluated product lines, businesses, and engineering programs that fall outside of our Core business. We assessed the strategic fit to our Core business and identified areas that were under-performing and/or non-strategic. For those under-performing and non-strategic areas still remaining, we continually evaluate whether to fix, divest, or close those areas. In addition, we are evaluating opportunities to restructure our business and rationalize our manufacturing operations in an effort to optimize our cost structure. These actions could result in restructuring and related charges including, but not limited to, asset impairments, employee termination costs, charges for pension and other postretirement contractual benefits, potential additional pension funding obligations, and pension curtailments, any of which could be significant, and could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We have substantial amounts of long-lived assets, including goodwill, property, plant and equipment, and intangible assets, which are subject to periodic impairment analysis and review. Identifying and assessing whether impairment indicators exist, or if events or changes in circumstances have occurred, including market conditions, operating results, competition, and general economic conditions, requires significant judgment.
Declines in profitability due to changes in volume, market pricing, cost, or the business environment could result in charges that could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Disruptions to our business as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to the evaluation and material impairment of our intangible assets and goodwill. In the second quarter of 2020, we identified a triggering event related to our operations in Brazil due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in declines in actual and forecasted results. As a result, we tested the long-lived assets of the Brazilian asset group for potential impairment and determined that the carrying value of long-lived assets was impaired and recognized charges of $12 million in the three months ended April 30, 2020 in our Global Operations segment.
Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Purchases of Equity Securities
None.
Item 3.Defaults upon Senior Securities
Item 3.Defaults upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4.
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5.Other Information
Item 5.Other Information
None.
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Item 6.    Exhibits
Item 6.Exhibit:ExhibitsDescriptionPage

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Exhibit:DescriptionPage
(4.1)
(2.1)
(4.2)(22)
FormList of 9.500% Senior Secured Note due 2025 (included in Exhibit 4.1). Filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 27, 2020.Subsidiary Guarantors
(10)(31.1)E-1
(31.1)
CEO Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
E-2
(31.2)E-3
(32.1)E-4
(32.2)E-5
(99.1)E-6
(101.INS)(99.2)N/A
(99.3)N/A
(101.INS)XBRL Instance DocumentN/A
(101.SCH)XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema DocumentN/A
(101.CAL)XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase DocumentN/A
(101.LAB)XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase DocumentN/A
(101.PRE)XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase DocumentN/A
(101.DEF)XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase DocumentN/A
(104)Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within Inline XBRL documents and Included in Exhibit 101)

All exhibits other than those indicated above are omitted because of the absence of the conditions under which they are required or because the information called for is shown in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended April 30, 2020.


January 31, 2021.
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
NAVISTAR INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
(Registrant)
/s/    SAMARA A. STRYCKER
Samara A. Strycker
Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
June 4, 2020

March 9, 2021
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