UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________________ to ____________________
 
Commission file number:  0-18953
AAON, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 
Nevada87-0448736
(State or other jurisdiction(IRS Employer
of incorporation or organization)Identification No.)
2425 South Yukon Ave.,Tulsa,Oklahoma74107
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(918) 583-2266
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.004 par value per shareAAONNASDAQ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes                   No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes                   No   
                             
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "small reporting company", and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes                       No 

As of November 2, 2023,April 30, 2024, registrant had outstanding a total of 81,244,85782,209,281 shares of its $.004 par value Common Stock.



PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
AAON, Inc. and SubsidiariesAAON, Inc. and SubsidiariesAAON, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance SheetsConsolidated Balance SheetsConsolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022 March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
AssetsAssets(in thousands, except share and per share data)Assets(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Current assets:Current assets:  Current assets:  
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$212 $5,451 
Restricted cashRestricted cash22,323 498 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $385 and $477, respectively160,108 127,158 
Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable, net
Inventories, net
Inventories, net
Inventories, netInventories, net214,507 198,939 
Contract assetsContract assets25,306 15,151 
Prepaid expenses and otherPrepaid expenses and other2,836 1,919 
Total current assets
Total current assets
Total current assetsTotal current assets425,292 349,116 
Property, plant and equipment:Property, plant and equipment:  Property, plant and equipment:  
LandLand15,296 8,537 
BuildingsBuildings193,684 169,156 
Machinery and equipmentMachinery and equipment381,271 342,045 
Furniture and fixturesFurniture and fixtures41,488 30,033 
Total property, plant and equipmentTotal property, plant and equipment631,739 549,771 
Less: Accumulated depreciationLess: Accumulated depreciation274,909 245,026 
Property, plant and equipment, netProperty, plant and equipment, net356,830 304,745 
Intangible assets, netIntangible assets, net61,901 64,606 
Intangible assets, net
Intangible assets, net
GoodwillGoodwill81,892 81,892 
Right of use assetsRight of use assets12,252 7,123 
Other long-term assetsOther long-term assets6,376 6,421 
Total assetsTotal assets$944,543 $813,903 
Liabilities and Stockholders' EquityLiabilities and Stockholders' Equity  
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity  
Current liabilities:Current liabilities:  Current liabilities:  
Accounts payableAccounts payable$29,917 $45,513 
Accrued liabilities
Accrued liabilities
Accrued liabilitiesAccrued liabilities90,986 78,630 
Contract liabilitiesContract liabilities19,576 21,424 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities140,479 145,567 
Revolving credit facility, long-termRevolving credit facility, long-term78,420 71,004 
Deferred tax liabilitiesDeferred tax liabilities14,744 18,661 
Other long-term liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities16,247 11,508 
New market tax credit obligation1
12,169 6,449 
New markets tax credit obligations1
Commitments and contingenciesCommitments and contingenciesCommitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:Stockholders' equity:  Stockholders' equity:  
Preferred stock, $.001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issuedPreferred stock, $.001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued— — 
Common stock, $.004 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 81,231,513 and 80,137,776 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively2
325 322 
Common stock, $.004 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 82,117,680 and 81,508,381 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital109,874 98,735 
Retained earnings2
572,285 461,657 
Retained earnings
Total stockholders' equityTotal stockholders' equity682,484 560,714 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equityTotal liabilities and stockholders' equity$944,543 $813,903 
1 Held by variable interest entities (Note 16)
1 Held by variable interest entities (Note 16)
2 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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AAON, Inc. and Subsidiaries
AAON, Inc. and Subsidiaries
AAON, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of IncomeConsolidated Statements of IncomeConsolidated Statements of Income
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
2023202220232022
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Net salesNet sales$311,970 $242,605 $861,880 $634,190 
Cost of salesCost of sales195,861 177,014 574,599 475,159 
Cost of sales
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Gross profit
Gross profitGross profit116,109 65,591 287,281 159,031 
Selling, general and administrative expensesSelling, general and administrative expenses51,470 28,891 123,684 78,880 
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets(25)— (13)(12)
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets
Income from operations
Income from operations
Income from operationsIncome from operations64,664 36,700 163,610 80,163 
Interest expense, netInterest expense, net(1,266)(954)(3,959)(1,694)
Interest expense, net
Interest expense, net
Other income, net
Other income, net
Other income, netOther income, net93 54 370 295 
Income before taxesIncome before taxes63,491 35,800 160,021 78,764 
Income before taxes
Income before taxes
Income tax provision
Income tax provision
Income tax provisionIncome tax provision15,413 8,327 29,447 17,286 
Net incomeNet income$48,078 $27,473 $130,574 $61,478 
Net income
Net income
Earnings per share:
Earnings per share:
Earnings per share:Earnings per share:  
Basic1
Basic1
$0.59 $0.34 $1.61 $0.77 
Basic1
Basic1
Diluted1
Diluted1
Diluted1
Diluted1
$0.58 $0.34 $1.57 $0.76 
Cash dividends declared per common share1:
Cash dividends declared per common share1:
$0.08 $— $0.24 $0.13 
Cash dividends declared per common share1:
Cash dividends declared per common share1:
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Weighted average shares outstanding:Weighted average shares outstanding:  
Basic1
Basic1
81,418,800 79,777,987 81,140,473 79,543,925 
Basic1
Basic1
Diluted1
Diluted1
Diluted1
Diluted1
83,393,054 80,938,074 83,275,208 80,882,798 
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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AAON, Inc. and SubsidiariesAAON, Inc. and SubsidiariesAAON, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' EquityConsolidated Statements of Stockholders' EquityConsolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Common StockPaid-inRetained  Common StockPaid-inRetained 
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023
Shares1
Amount1
Capital
Earnings1
Total
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023
Shares1
Amount1
Capital
Earnings1
Total
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Balances at December 31, 202280,138 $322 $98,735 $461,657 $560,714 
Balance at December 31, 2023
Net incomeNet income— — — 130,574 130,574 
Stock options exercised, restricted stock awards1,517 25,246 — 25,251 
granted, and contingent shares issued (Note 15)     
Stock options exercised and restricted
stock awards grantedstock awards granted  
Contingent shares issued (Note 15)
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation— — 12,102 — 12,102 
Stock repurchased and retiredStock repurchased and retired(423)(2)(26,209)— (26,211)
DividendsDividends— — — (19,946)(19,946)
Balances at September 30, 202381,232 $325 $109,874 $572,285 $682,484 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Common StockPaid-inRetained
Shares1
Amount1
Capital
Earnings1
Total
(in thousands)
Balances at June 30, 202381,569 $326 $128,636 $531,149 $660,111 
Net income— — — 48,078 48,078 
Stock options exercised and restricted66 2,006 — 2,007 
stock awards granted
Share-based compensation— — 4,279 — 4,279 
Stock repurchased and retired(403)(2)(25,047)— (25,049)
Dividends— — — (6,942)(6,942)
Balances at September 30, 202381,232 $325 $109,874 $572,285 $682,484 
Balance at March 31, 2024
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Common StockPaid-inRetained
Shares1
Amount1
Capital
Earnings1
Total
(in thousands)
Balances at December 31, 202178,792 $318 $81,654 $384,198 466,170 
Net income— — — 61,478 61,478 
Stock options exercised, restricted stock awards1,265 10,987 — 10,990 
granted, and contingent shares issued (Note 15)
Share-based compensation— — 10,229 — 10,229 
Stock repurchased and retired(234)— (8,921)— (8,921)
Contingent consideration— — (6,000)— (6,000)
Dividends— — — (10,088)(10,088)
Balances at September 30, 202279,823 $321 $87,949 $435,588 $523,858 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Common StockPaid-inRetained
Shares1
Amount1
Capital
Earnings1
Total
(in thousands)
Balances at June 30, 202279,691 $321 $82,078 $408,107 $490,506 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Common Stock
Shares1
Shares1
Shares1
Amount1
Capital
Earnings1
Total
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Balances at December 31, 2022
Net incomeNet income— — — 27,473 27,473 
Stock options exercised and restrictedStock options exercised and restricted186 — 4,605 — 4,605 
stock awards grantedstock awards granted
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation— — 3,321 — 3,321 
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation
Stock repurchased and retiredStock repurchased and retired(54)— (2,055)— (2,055)
DividendsDividends— — — 
Balances at September 30, 202279,823 $321 $87,949 $435,588 $523,858 
Dividends
Dividends
Balance at March 31, 2023
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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AAON, Inc. and SubsidiariesAAON, Inc. and SubsidiariesAAON, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsConsolidated Statements of Cash FlowsConsolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
20232022 20242023
Operating ActivitiesOperating Activities(in thousands)Operating Activities(in thousands)
Net incomeNet income$130,574 $61,478 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization33,439 25,624 
Amortization of debt issuance cost57 32 
Amortization of debt issuance costs
Amortization of right of use assetsAmortization of right of use assets166 191 
(Recoveries of) provision for credit losses on accounts receivable, net of adjustments(92)300 
Amortization of right of use assets
Amortization of right of use assets
Provision for (recoveries of) credit losses on accounts receivable, net of adjustments
Provision for excess and obsolete inventories, net of write-offsProvision for excess and obsolete inventories, net of write-offs2,979 1,380 
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation12,102 10,229 
Gain on disposition of assets(13)(12)
Foreign currency transaction loss— 42 
(Gain) loss on disposition of assets
Foreign currency transaction loss (gain)
Interest income on note receivableInterest income on note receivable(15)(17)
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes(3,917)(563)
Changes in assets and liabilities:Changes in assets and liabilities:  Changes in assets and liabilities:  
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable(32,040)(63,593)
Income taxesIncome taxes(12,472)3,782 
InventoriesInventories(18,547)(47,998)
Contract assetsContract assets(10,155)(3,843)
Prepaid expenses and other long-term assetsPrepaid expenses and other long-term assets(896)(70)
Accounts payableAccounts payable(15,631)18,616 
Contract liabilitiesContract liabilities(1,848)24,249 
Extended warrantiesExtended warranties2,049 730 
Accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilitiesAccrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities21,405 12,857 
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities107,145 43,414 
Investing ActivitiesInvesting Activities  Investing Activities  
Capital expendituresCapital expenditures(82,900)(41,586)
Cash paid for building (Note 18)— (22,000)
Cash paid in business combination, net of cash acquired— (249)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipmentProceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment129 12 
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment
Software development expenditures
Principal payments from note receivable
Principal payments from note receivable
Principal payments from note receivablePrincipal payments from note receivable39 41 
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(82,732)(63,782)
Financing ActivitiesFinancing Activities  Financing Activities  
Proceeds from financing obligation, net of issuance costsProceeds from financing obligation, net of issuance costs6,061 — 
Payment related to financing costsPayment related to financing costs(398)— 
Borrowings under revolving credit facilityBorrowings under revolving credit facility444,072 151,103 
Payments under revolving credit facilityPayments under revolving credit facility(436,656)(114,812)
Principal payments on financing lease— (115)
Stock options exercisedStock options exercised25,251 10,990 
Repurchase of stock(25,009)(7,943)
Stock options exercised
Stock options exercised
Employee taxes paid by withholding shares
Employee taxes paid by withholding shares
Employee taxes paid by withholding sharesEmployee taxes paid by withholding shares(1,202)(978)
Cash dividends paid to stockholdersCash dividends paid to stockholders(19,946)(10,096)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activitiesNet cash (used in) provided by financing activities(7,827)28,149 
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash16,586 7,781 
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of periodCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period5,949 3,487 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of periodCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$22,535 $11,268 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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AAON, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)


1. General
Basis of Presentation
AAON, Inc. is a Nevada corporation which was incorporated on August 18, 1987. Our operating subsidiaries include AAON, Inc. ("AAON Oklahoma"), an Oklahoma corporation, AAON Coil Products, Inc. ("AAON Coil Products"), a Texas corporation, and BasX,BASX, Inc. ("BASX"), an Oregon corporation (collectively, the “Company”). The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of AAON, Inc. and our operating subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned, have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Our financial statements consolidate all of our affiliated entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. Because we hold certain rights that give us the power to direct the activities of fiveeight variable interest entities ("VIEs") (Note 16) that most significantly impact the VIEs economic performance, combined with a variable interest that gives us the right to receive potentially significant benefits or the obligation to absorb potentially significant losses, we have a controlling financial interest in those VIEs.
These financial statements have not been audited by the Company's independent registered public accounting firm, except that the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 20222023 is derived from audited consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The financial statements reflect all adjustments (all of which are of a normal recurring nature) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year. Certain disclosures have been condensed in or omitted from these consolidated financial statements. The accompanying unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.2023. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
We are engaged in the engineering, manufacturing, marketing, and sale of premium air conditioning and heating equipment consisting of standard, semi-custom, and custom rooftop units, data centercenters cooling solutions, cleanroom systems, packaged outdoor mechanical rooms, air handling units, makeup air units, energy recovery units, condensing units, geothermal/water-source heat pumps, coils, and controls.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Because these estimates and assumptions require significant judgment, actual results could differ from those estimates and could have a significant impact on our results of operations, financial position, and cash flows. We reevaluate our estimates and assumptions as needed, but at a minimum on a quarterly basis. The most significant estimates include, but are not limited to, inventory valuation, inventory reserves, warranty accrual, workers' compensation accrual, medical insurance accrual, income taxes, useful lives of property, plant, and equipment, estimated future use of leased property, share-based compensation, business combinations, revenue percentage of completion and estimated costs to complete. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Inflation and Labor Market
In 2022 and continuing into 2023, we have witnessed increases in oursaw the slowing of inflation and some stabilization of raw material and component prices. Due to our favorable liquidity position, we continue to make strategic purchases of materials when we see opportunities. We continue to monitor and manage the increaseincreases in the cost of raw materials through price increases for our products. We have also experienced supply chain challenges related to specific manufacturing parts, which we have managed through our strong vendor relationships as well as expanding our list of vendors.

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Additionally, we continue to experience challenges in a tight labor market, especially the hiring of both skilled and unskilled production labor. We have implemented the following wage increases to remain competitive and to attract and retain employees:
In March 2022, we awarded annual merit raises for an overall 3.0% increase to wages.
In October 2022, we implemented a cost of living increase of 3.5% in place for all employees
below the Senior Leadership Team ("SLT") level.
In March 2023, we awarded annual merit raises for an overall 3.9% increase to wages.
In March 2024, we awarded annual merit raises for an overall 3.3% increase to wages.

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We will continue to implement human resource initiatives to retain and attract labor to further increase production capacity. Beginning in 2023, initiatives included changing our employee paid time off policy, historically awarded in arrears at the beginning of each quarter, to accrue ratably over each pay period. Additionally, we enhanced our benefits for short-term disability, life insurance, paid parental leave, and paid military leave.
Despite efforts to mitigate the impact of inflation, supply chain issues and the tight labor market, future disruptions, while temporary, could negatively impact our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Change in Estimate
During the first quarter of 2022, a review of the Company’s useful lives for certain sheet metal manufacturing equipment at our Longview, Texas location resulted in a change in estimate that increased the useful lives from between ten and twelve years to fifteen years. This determination was based on recent and estimated future production levels as well as management’s knowledge of the equipment and historical and future use of the equipment. The change in estimate was made prospectively and resulted in a decrease to depreciation expense within cost of sales on our consolidated statements of income of $1.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
WH Series and WV Series Water Source Heat Pump Units
As part of the normal course of business, management continually monitors the profitability of the Company's various product series offerings. During the third quarter of 2022, management made the decision to no longer produce our small packaged geothermal/water-source heat pump units consisting of the WH Series horizontal configuration and WV Series vertical configuration, from one-half to 12 1/2 tons ("WH/WV"). These WH/WV units were produced solely out of the AAON Oklahoma facility. Production of the remaining WH/WV backlog was completed during the second quarter 2023.
Accounting Policies
A comprehensive discussion of our critical accounting policies and management estimates is included in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.2023.
Fair Value Measurements
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of the items. The carrying amount of the Company’s revolving line of credit, and other payables, approximate their fair values either due to their short term nature, the variable rates associated with the debt or based on current rates offered to the Company for debt with similar characteristics.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is based upon assumptions that market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability. We use the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes valuation technique inputs used to measure fair value into three broad levels:
Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that we have the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2: Inputs (other than quoted prices included within Level 1) that are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability, including (i) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, (ii) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, (iii) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, and (iv) inputs that are derived from observable market data by correlation or other means.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability including situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. Items categorized in Level 3 include the estimated fair values of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, contingent consideration, and goodwill acquired in a business combination.

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The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). In some cases, the inputs used to measure fair value might fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. The lowest level input that is significant to a fair value measurement determines the applicable level in the fair value hierarchy. Assessing the significance of a particular input to a fair value measurement requires judgment, considering factors specific to the asset or liability.
Definite-Lived Intangible Assets
Our definite-lived intangible assets include various trademarks, service marks, and technical knowledge acquired in business combinations.combinations or asset acquisitions. We amortize our definite-lived intangible assets on a straight-line basis over the estimated

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useful lives of the assets. We evaluate the carrying value of our amortizable intangible assets for potential impairment when events and circumstances warrant such a review. 
Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:
Intellectual property6 - 30 years
Customer relationships14 years

Software Development Costs
We capitalize costs incurred to purchase or develop software for internal use. Internal-use software development costs are capitalized during the application development stage. These capitalized costs are reflected in intangible assets, net on the consolidated balance sheets and are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. The useful life of our internal-use software development costs is generally 1-6 years.
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration paid for the acquired businesses over the fair value of the individual assets acquired, net of liabilities assumed. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but instead are evaluated for impairment at least annually. We perform our annual assessment of impairment during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year, and more frequently if circumstances warrant.
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20232022
(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period$81,892 $85,727 
Additions due to acquisitions— — 
Decreases due to business combination revisions1
— (3,835)
Balance, end of period$81,892 $81,892 
  1 Revisions related to the December 2021 acquisition of BASX.
Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period$81,892 $81,892 
Additions (decreases) during the period— — 
Balance, end of period$81,892 $81,892 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Changes to U.S. GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") in the form of Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs") to the FASB's Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"). We consider the applicability and impact of all ASUs. ASUs not listed or included within the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022,2023, were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.

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2.  Revenue Recognition
The following tables show disaggregated net sales by reportable segment (Note 19) by major source, net of intercompany sales eliminations.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
AAON OklahomaAAON Coil ProductsBASXTotal
(in thousands)
Rooftop units$221,417 $— $— $221,417 
Condensing units— 7,636 — 7,636 
Air handlers— 9,862 7,558 17,420 
Outdoor mechanical rooms— 62 — 62 
Cleanroom systems— — 5,355 5,355 
Data center cooling solutions— 3,284 25,726 29,010 
Water-source heat pumps— 3,898 — 3,898 
Part sales17,756 371 18,131 
Other1
7,281 1,023 737 9,041 
$246,454 $25,769 $39,747 $311,970 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
AAON OklahomaAAON Coil ProductsBASXTotal
(in thousands)
Rooftop units$154,171 $— $— $154,171 
Condensing units— 12,720 — 12,720 
Air handlers— 14,380 2,211 16,591 
Outdoor mechanical rooms58 118 — 176 
Cleanroom systems— — 15,283 15,283 
Data center cooling solutions— — 14,884 14,884 
Water-source heat pumps3,236 2,445 — 5,681 
Part sales15,724 — 176 15,900 
Other1
5,980 841 378 7,199 
$179,169 $30,504 $32,932 $242,605 
 1 Other sales include freight, extended warranties and miscellaneous revenue.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
AAON OklahomaAAON Coil ProductsBASXTotal
(in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
AAON OklahomaAAON OklahomaAAON Coil ProductsBASXTotal
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Rooftop unitsRooftop units$597,508 $— $— $597,508 
Condensing unitsCondensing units61 34,243 — 34,304 
Air handlersAir handlers— 34,693 13,196 47,889 
Outdoor mechanical roomsOutdoor mechanical rooms208 274 — 482 
Cleanroom systemsCleanroom systems— — 35,063 35,063 
Data center cooling solutionsData center cooling solutions— 6,524 56,079 62,603 
Water-source heat pumpsWater-source heat pumps3,128 10,064 — 13,192 
Part salesPart sales47,623 862 48,490 
Other1
Other1
18,142 3,459 748 22,349 
$
$666,670 $89,262 $105,948 $861,880 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
AAON OklahomaAAON Coil ProductsBASXTotal
(in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
AAON OklahomaAAON OklahomaAAON Coil ProductsBASXTotal
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Rooftop unitsRooftop units$414,493 $— $— $414,493 
Condensing unitsCondensing units242 33,645 — 33,887 
Air handlersAir handlers— 35,358 6,495 41,853 
Outdoor mechanical roomsOutdoor mechanical rooms612 488 — 1,100 
Cleanroom systemsCleanroom systems— — 31,568 31,568 
Data center cooling solutionsData center cooling solutions— — 38,589 38,589 
Water-source heat pumpsWater-source heat pumps8,098 6,596 — 14,694 
Part salesPart sales39,797 — 507 40,304 
Other1
Other1
13,275 3,106 1,321 17,702 
$476,517 $79,193 $78,480 $634,190 
$
1 Other sales include freight, extended warranties and miscellaneous revenue.
1 Other sales include freight, extended warranties and miscellaneous revenue.
1 Other sales include freight, extended warranties and miscellaneous revenue.
Due to the highly customized nature of many of the Company’s products and each product not having an alternative use to the Company without significant costs to the Company, the Company recognizes revenue over time as progress is made toward satisfying the performance obligations of each contract. The Company has formal cancellation policies and generally does not accept returns on these units. As a result, many of the Company’s products do not have an alternative use and therefore, for these products we recognize revenue over the time it takes to produce the unit.

Contract costs include direct materials, direct labor, installation, freight and delivery, commissions and royalties. Other costs not related to contract performance, such as indirect labor and materials, small tools and supplies, operating expenses, field rework and back charges are charged to expense as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on contracts in progress are made in the period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, may result in revisions to costs and income, and are estimated and recognized by the Company throughout the life of the contract. The aggregate of costs incurred and income recognized on uncompleted contracts in excess of billings is shown as a contract asset within our consolidated

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balance sheets, and the aggregate of billings on uncompleted contracts in excess of related costs incurred and income recognized is shown as a contract liability within our consolidated balance sheets.

For all other products that are part sales or standardized units, the Company recognizes revenue, presented net of sales tax, when it satisfies the performance obligation in its contracts. As the primary performance obligation in such a contract is delivery of the requested manufactured equipment, we satisfy the performance obligation when the control is passed to the customer, generally at time of shipment. Final sales prices are fixed based on purchase orders.

- 9 -


Sales allowances and customer incentives are treated as reductions to sales and are provided for based on historical experiences and current estimates.

Historically, sales of our products were moderately seasonal with the peak period being May-October of each year due to timing of construction projects being directly related to warmer weather. However, in recent years, given the increases in demand of our product and increases in our backlog, sales havehas become more constant throughout the year.
Product Warranties
A provision is made for the estimated cost of maintaining product warranties to customers at the time the product is sold based upon historical claims experience by product line. The Company records a liability and an expense for estimated future warranty claims based upon historical experience and management’s estimate of the level of future claims. Changes in the estimated amounts recognized in prior years are recorded as an adjustment to the liability and expense in the current year.
The Company also sells extended warranties on parts for various lengths of time ranging from six months to 10 years. Revenue for these separately priced warranties is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the separately priced warranty period.
Representatives and Third Party Products
We are responsible for billings and collections resulting from all sales transactions, including those initiated by our independent manufacturer representatives (“Representatives”). Representatives are national companies that are in the business of providing HVAC units and other related products and services to customers. The end user customer orders a bundled group of products and services from the Representative and expects the Representative to fulfill the order. These additional products and services may include controls purchased from another manufacturer to operate the unit, start-up services, and curbs for supporting the unit (“Third Party Products”). All are associated with the purchase of a HVAC unit but may be provided by the Representative or another third party. Only after the specifications are agreed to by the Representative and the customer, and the decision is made to use an AAON HVAC unit, will we receive notice of the order. We establish the amount we must receive for our HVAC unit (“minimum sales price”), but do not control the total order price that is negotiated by the Representative with the end user customer. The Representatives submit the total order price to us for invoicing and collection. The total order price includes our minimum sales price and an additional amount which may include both the Representatives’ fee and amounts due for additional products and services required by the customer. The Company is considered the principal for the equipment we design and manufacture and records that revenue. The Company has no control over the Third Party Products to the end customer and the Company is under no obligation related to the Third Party Products. Amounts related to Third Party Products are not recognized as revenue but are recorded as a liability and are included in accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
The Representatives’ fee and Third Party Products amounts (“Due to Representatives”) are paid only after all amounts associated with the order are collected from the customer. The amount of payments to our Representatives were $20.1$10.8 million and $10.8$13.3 million for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2024 and 2023, and 2022, respectively, and $46.4 million and $28.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
3. Leases
The Company has various lease arrangements for certain manufacturing and warehousing facilities, equipment rental, as well as administrative facilities. Lease expiration dates, including expected renewal options, range from April 2025 to November 2033.

- 9 -


The discount rates used to calculate the present value of lease payment range from 1.3% to 6.6% as of March 31, 2024. Currently, all leases are classified as operating leases.
The following table presents the balances by lease type:
Balance Sheet ClassificationSeptember 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Balance Sheet ClassificationBalance Sheet ClassificationMarch 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Operating LeasesOperating Leases
Right of use assets
Right of use assets
Right of use assetsRight of use assetsRight of use assets$12,252 $7,123 
Lease liability, short-termLease liability, short-termAccrued liabilities$1,858 $1,254 
Lease liability, long-termLease liability, long-termOther long-term liabilities$10,684 $5,993 
Since 2018, the Company has leased the manufacturing, engineering, and office space used by our operations in Parkville, Missouri, which is classified as an operating lease. In October 2022, the Parkville, MissouriMissouri. The lease was amended to expand ourprovides approximately 86,000 square feet of manufacturing and office space from 51,000 square feet to 86,000 square feet. The amended lease provides for approximately 31,000 square feet of additional manufacturing and engineering space and approximately 4,000 square feet of additional office space. The amended lease extends the lease term throughexpires December 31, 2032.

- 10 -


In November 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement for land and facilities in Tulsa, Oklahoma which provides an additional 198,000 square feet to support our operations. In January 2024, we amended the lease for an additional 157,550 square feet for operations and parts distribution. The amended lease term will expire October 31, 2025.November 30, 2029.
OnIn July 28, 2023, the Company entered into a lease agreement with a start date of September 1, 2023, for land and approximately 72,000 square feet of facilities in Redmond, Oregon to support our manufacturing operations. The lease term is approximately five years with additional renewal options.
We also lease several properties near our Redmond, Oregon location. In the aggregate, these leases contain approximately 104,500 square feet of additional warehouse space. These leases have expiring terms from February 2025 to November 2033.
Total undiscounted future lease payments are as follows:
 (in thousands)
2024$2,415 
20253,100 
20263,046 
20273,136 
20283,130 
Thereafter6,403 

4.  Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable and the related allowance for credit losses are as follows:
 
September 30,
2023
December 31, 2022 March 31,
2024
December 31, 2023
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable$160,493 $127,635 
Less: Allowance for credit lossesLess: Allowance for credit losses(385)(477)
Total, netTotal, net$160,108 $127,158 

 
Three Months EndedNine Months EndedThree Months Ended
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
Allowance for credit losses:Allowance for credit losses:(in thousands)Allowance for credit losses:(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$306 $563 $477 $549 
Provisions for (recoveries of) expected creditProvisions for (recoveries of) expected credit79 119 (92)300 
losses, net of adjustmentslosses, net of adjustments
Accounts receivable written off, net of recoveries— — — (167)
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$385 $682 $385 $682 
Balance, end of period
Balance, end of period

- 10 -


5.  Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. We establish an allowance for excess and obsolete inventories based on product line changes, the feasibility of substituting parts and the need for supply and replacement parts.
The components of inventories and related changes in the allowance for excess and obsolete inventories account are as follows:
September 30,
2023
December 31, 2022 March 31,
2024
December 31, 2023
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Raw materialsRaw materials$209,697 $194,159 
Work in processWork in process4,379 3,501 
Finished goodsFinished goods5,219 5,806 
Total, grossTotal, gross219,295 203,466 
Less: Allowance for excess and obsolete inventoriesLess: Allowance for excess and obsolete inventories(4,788)(4,527)
Total, netTotal, net$214,507 $198,939 
Three Months EndedNine Months EndedThree Months Ended
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
Allowance for excess and obsolete inventories:Allowance for excess and obsolete inventories:(in thousands)Allowance for excess and obsolete inventories:(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$5,281 $1,871 $4,527 $1,787 
Provision for (recoveries of) excess andProvision for (recoveries of) excess and1,521 1,232 2,979 1,380 
obsolete inventories obsolete inventories
Inventories written offInventories written off(2,014)(38)(2,718)(102)
Inventories written off
Inventories written off
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$4,788 $3,065 $4,788 $3,065 

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6.  Intangible assets
Our intangible assets consist of the following:
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022 March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Definite-lived intangible assetsDefinite-lived intangible assets(in thousands)Definite-lived intangible assets(in thousands)
Intellectual propertyIntellectual property$6,295 $6,295 
Customer relationshipsCustomer relationships47,547 47,547 
Capitalized internal-use software
Less: Accumulated amortizationLess: Accumulated amortization(6,512)(3,807)
Total, net Total, net47,330 50,035 
Indefinite-lived intangible assetsIndefinite-lived intangible assets
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Trademarks
Trademarks
TrademarksTrademarks14,571 14,571 
Total intangible assets, netTotal intangible assets, net$61,901 $64,606 
Amortization expense recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses is as follows:
 Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
 September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
(in thousands)
Amortization expense$902 $902 $2,705 $2,698 
 Three Months Ended
 March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
(in thousands)
Amortization expense$1,706 $902 
Excluding the impact of any


- 11 -


Total future acquisitions, the Company anticipates amortization expense to be $3.6 million for each of the years ending 2023 through 2027.finite-lived intangible assets was estimated as follows:
 (in thousands)
2024$3,662 
20254,656 
20264,656 
20274,656 
20284,552 
Thereafter29,073 
Total future amortization expense51,255 
Internal-use software projects in process4,838 
Total$56,093 


7.  Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Three Months EndedNine Months EndedThree Months Ended
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
Supplemental disclosures:Supplemental disclosures:(in thousands)Supplemental disclosures:(in thousands)
Interest paidInterest paid$1,187 $974 $3,814 $1,507 
Interest paid
Interest paid
Income taxes paidIncome taxes paid$12,081 $3,086 $45,724 $14,067 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:Non-cash investing and financing activities:  
Non-cash capital expendituresNon-cash capital expenditures$(1,536)$306 $35 $985 
Non-cash capital expenditures
Non-cash capital expenditures
Contingent shares issued (Note 15)

8.  Warranties
The Company has product warranties with various terms from one year from the date of first use or 18 months for parts, data center cooling solutions, and cleanroom systems to 25 years for certain heat exchangers. The Company has an obligation to replace parts if conditions under the warranty are met. A provision is made for estimated warranty costs at the time the related products are sold based upon the warranty period, historical trends, new products, and any known identifiable warranty issues.  
Changes in the warranty accrual are as follows:
Three Months EndedNine Months EndedThree Months Ended
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
Warranty accrual:Warranty accrual:(in thousands)Warranty accrual:(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$16,900 $14,381 $15,682 $13,769 
Payments madePayments made(3,337)(2,196)(7,653)(5,094)
Warranty expenseWarranty expense4,248 3,046 9,782 6,556 
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$17,811 $15,231 $17,811 $15,231 

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9.  Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities
Accrued liabilities were comprised of the following:
September 30,
2023
December 31, 2022 March 31,
2024
December 31, 2023
(in thousands) (in thousands)
WarrantyWarranty$17,811 $15,682 
Due to representativesDue to representatives15,888 15,545 
PayrollPayroll18,105 11,901 
Profit sharingProfit sharing7,349 5,451 
Workers' compensationWorkers' compensation428 367 
Medical self-insuranceMedical self-insurance1,745 1,178 
Customer prepaymentsCustomer prepayments1,462 3,750 
Donations, short-termDonations, short-term419 637 
Litigation settlement (Note 17)
7,500 — 
Accrued income taxes
Accrued income taxes
Accrued income taxesAccrued income taxes113 12,472 
Employee vacation timeEmployee vacation time10,131 6,329 
Extended warranties, short-term
Lease liability, short-termLease liability, short-term1,858 1,254 
Property taxesProperty taxes2,493 — 
Extended warranties, short-term2,909 1,330 
OtherOther2,775 2,734 
TotalTotal$90,986 $78,630 
Other long-term liabilities were comprised of the following:
 
September 30,
2023
December 31, 2022 March 31,
2024
December 31, 2023
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Lease liabilityLease liability$10,684 $5,993 
Extended warrantiesExtended warranties5,009 4,539 
Donations and otherDonations and other554 976 
TotalTotal$16,247 $11,508 
10.  Revolving Credit Facility
On May 27, 2022, we amended our $100.0 million Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated November 24, 2021 (as amended, “Revolver”), to provide for maximum borrowings of $200.0 million. As of September 30, 2023 andMarch 31, 2024 we had no amounts outstanding under our Revolver. As of December 31, 2022,2023, we had $78.4 million and $71.0$38.3 million outstanding under the Revolver, respectively.Revolver. We have two standby letters of credit totaling $2.3 million as of September 30, 2023.March 31, 2024. Borrowings available under the Revolver at September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 were $119.3$197.7 million. The Revolver expires on May 27, 2027. On April 20, 2023, weWe have amended the Revolver to allow for the occurrence of transactions associated with the New Markets Tax Credit executed on April 25, 2023transactions (Note 16).
Any outstanding loans under the Revolver bear interest at the daily compounded secured overnight financing rate ("SOFR") plus the applicable margin. Applicable margin, ranging from 1.25% - 1.75%, is determined quarterly based on the Company's leverage ratio. The Company is also subject to letter of credit fees, ranging from 1.25% - 1.75%, and a commitment fee, ranging from 0.10% - 0.20%. The applicable fee percentage is determined quarterly based on the Company's leverage ratio. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings outstanding on the Revolver was 6.5%6.6% and 6.3%6.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, as compared to 3.5% and 2.5% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Fees associated with the unused portion of the committed amount are included in interest expense on our consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2024 and 2023, and 2022.respectively.
If SOFR cannot be determined pursuant to the definition, as defined by the Revolver agreement, any outstanding affected loans will be deemed to have been converted into alternative base rate ("ABR") loans. ABR loans would bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the highest of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the Federal Funds Rate in effect on such day plus 0.50%, or (c) daily simple SOFR for a one-month tenor in effect on such day plus 1.00%.

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At September 30, 2023,March 31, 2024, we were in compliance with our covenants, as defined by the Revolver. Our financial covenants require that we meet certain parameters related to our leverage ratio. At September 30, 2023,March 31, 2024, our leverage ratio was 0.330.01 to 1.0, which meets the requirement of not being above 3 to 1.
11.  Income Taxes
The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
(in thousands)(in thousands)
CurrentCurrent$14,892 $8,763 $33,364 $17,849 
DeferredDeferred521 (436)(3,917)(563)
Deferred
Deferred
Income tax provision Income tax provision$15,413 $8,327 $29,447 $17,286 
Income tax provision
Income tax provision
The provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the Federal statutory income tax rate before the provision for income taxes.
The reconciliation of the Federal statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate is as follows:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
Federal statutory rateFederal statutory rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
Federal statutory rate
Federal statutory rate
State income taxes, net of Federal benefit
State income taxes, net of Federal benefit
State income taxes, net of Federal benefitState income taxes, net of Federal benefit3.4 5.0 4.0 4.7 
Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation (Note 12)Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation (Note 12)(0.8)(1.5)(3.9)(1.6)
Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation (Note 12)
Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation (Note 12)
Return to provisionReturn to provision0.9 (0.4)0.3 (0.5)
Return to provision
Return to provision
Non-deductible executive compensation
Non-deductible executive compensation
Non-deductible executive compensation
Research and development creditsResearch and development credits(0.2)(0.7)(0.9)(1.0)
Change in valuation allowance (Oklahoma Investment Credit)— — (2.0)— 
Research and development credits
Research and development credits
Other
Other
OtherOther— (0.1)(0.1)(0.7)
Effective tax rate Effective tax rate24.3 %23.3 %18.4 %21.9 %
Effective tax rate
Effective tax rate
We have historically earned investment tax credits from the state of Oklahoma’s manufacturing property investment program. We use the flow-through method to account for investment tax credits earned on eligible tangible asset expenditures. Under this method, the investment tax credits are recognized as a reduction to our Oklahoma income tax expense in the year they are used. As part of our expansion projects in Oklahoma, we identified a separate, more advantageous Oklahoma credit program (non(not income tax related) which will causeresulted in us to discontinuediscontinuing our accumulation of credits for Oklahoma’s manufacturing property investment program after the 2022 tax year.
The Company had investment tax credit carryforwards with a valuation allowance reserved against them as we did not have sufficient taxable income to utilize the carryforwards, in part because we generated more credit each year than we were able to utilize. Because the Company will not generate additional excess credits after our 2022 tax year, we will be able to use our credit carryforwards against future taxable income and the related valuation allowance was reversed resulting in a one-time benefit of $3.1 million to the income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2023,March 31, 2024, we have investment tax credit carryforwards of approximately $3.8$2.3 million. These credits have estimated expirations from the year 2039 through 2043.
In accordance with the 2017 Tax Cuts & Jobs Act, under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m), the tax deduction for covered executives of public companies is limited to $1.0 million per individual. Because of the increase in our stock price and timing of executive stock option exercises this resulted in an increase to the income tax provision of $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
In accordance with the 2017 Tax Cuts & Jobs Act, under Internal Revenue Code Section 174, research and development expenses incurred after December 31, 2021 are required to be capitalized and amortized over 5 years. The amortization requirements for tax purposes is a mid-year convention, meaning that the tax amortization is 10% in the year of acquisition, 20% in the following 4 years, and 10% in the final year.
The Company's estimated annual 20232024 effective tax rate, excluding discrete events, is approximately 24.1%25.6%. We file income tax returns in the U.S., state and foreign income tax returnsreturn jurisdictions. We are subject to U.S. income tax examinations for tax years 20192020 to present, and to non-U.S. income tax examinations for the tax years 20182019 to present. In addition, we are subject to state and local income tax examinations for the tax years 20182019 to present. The Company continues to evaluate its need to file returns in various state jurisdictions. Any interest or penalties would be recognized as a component of income tax expense.

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12. Share-Based Compensation
As discussed in Note 15, the Company declared a three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023. All share and per share information has been updated to reflect the effect of this stock split.
On May 22, 2007, our stockholders adopted a Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) which provided an additional 5.0 million shares that could be granted in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, performance units and performance awards. Under the LTIP, the exercise price of shares granted could not be less than 100% of the fair market value at the date of the grant.
On May 24, 2016, our stockholders adopted the 2016 Long-Term Incentive Plan ("2016 Plan") which provides for approximately 13.4 million shares, comprised of 5.1 million new shares provided for under the 2016 Plan, approximately 0.6 million shares that were available for issuance under the previous LTIP that are now authorized for issuance under the 2016 Plan, approximately 3.9 million shares that were approved by the stockholders on May 15, 2018, and an additional 3.8 million shares that were approved by the stockholders on May 12, 2020.
Under the 2016 Plan, shares can be granted in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, performance awards, dividend equivalent rights, and other awards. Under the 2016 Plan, the exercise price of shares granted may not be less than 100% of the fair market value at the date of the grant. The 2016 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors or such other committee of the Board of Directors as is designated by the Board of Directors (the “Committee”). Membership on the Committee is limited to independent directors. The Committee may delegate certain duties to one or more officers of the Company as provided in the 2016 Plan. The Committee determines the persons to whom awards are to be made, determines the type, size and terms of awards, interprets the 2016 Plan, establishes and revises rules and regulations relating to the 2016 Plan and makes any other determinations that it believes necessary for the administration of the 2016 Plan.
Options
The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine the fair value of the stock options granted on the original grant date for expense recognition purposes for options granted during the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2024 and 2023 and 2022 using a Black Scholes-Merton Model:
Nine months ended Three months ended
September 30, 2023September 30, 2022 March 31, 2024March 31, 2023
Directors and SLT1:
Directors and SLT1:
  
Directors and SLT1:
  
Expected (annual) dividend rateExpected (annual) dividend rate$0.32$0.25Expected (annual) dividend rate$0.32$0.32
Expected volatilityExpected volatility37.89%36.00%Expected volatility38.00%37.89%
Risk-free interest rateRisk-free interest rate4.39%2.21%Risk-free interest rate4.13%4.40%
Expected life (in years)Expected life (in years)4.04.0Expected life (in years)4.04.0
Employees:Employees:
Expected (annual) dividend rateExpected (annual) dividend rate$0.32$0.25
Expected (annual) dividend rate
Expected (annual) dividend rate$0.32$0.32
Expected volatilityExpected volatility38.30%37.38%Expected volatility33.47%39.55%
Risk-free interest rateRisk-free interest rate4.41%2.20%Risk-free interest rate4.26%4.48%
Expected life (in years)Expected life (in years)3.03.0Expected life (in years)3.03.0
1 SLT consists of officers and key members of management.
1 SLT consists of officers and key members of management.
1 SLT consists of officers and key members of management.
 
The expected term of the options is based on evaluations of historical and expected future employee exercise behavior. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rates at the date of grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected life at the grant date. Volatility is based on historical volatility of our stock over time periods equal to the expected life at grant date.

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 The following is a summary of stock options vested and exercisable as of September 30, 2023:March 31, 2024:
 
Range of
Exercise
Prices
Range of
Exercise
Prices
Number
of
Shares
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
(in years)
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Intrinsic
Value
(in thousands)
Range of
Exercise
Prices
Number
of
Shares
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
(in years)
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Intrinsic
Value
(in thousands)
$13.95 -$27.58 1,528,983 4.52$24.70 $49,191 
$28.28 -$37.16 534,293 6.7230.91 13,870 
$37.63 -$69.62 210,415 7.4448.06 1,857 
Total2,273,691 5.31$28.32 $64,918 
Total
 A summary of stock option activity under the plans is as follows:
Stock OptionsStock OptionsSharesWeighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Stock OptionsSharesWeighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Outstanding at December 31, 20224,560,520 $30.14 
Outstanding at December 31, 2023
GrantedGranted326,506 61.16 
ExercisedExercised(864,524)29.19 
Forfeited or ExpiredForfeited or Expired(106,291)33.90 
Outstanding at September 30, 20233,916,211 $32.83 
Exercisable at September 30, 20232,273,691 $28.32 
Outstanding at March 31, 2024
Exercisable at March 31, 2024
The total pre-tax compensation cost related to unvested stock options not yet recognized as of September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 is $10.7$14.7 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.32.3 years.
The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2024 and 2023 and 2022 was $27.6$14.2 million and $6.7$16.7 million, respectively. The cash received from options exercised during the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2024 and 2023 and 2022 was $25.3$9.8 million and $11.0$15.9 million, respectively. The impact of these cash receipts is included in financing activities in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows.
Restricted Stock
The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the fair market value of AAON, Inc. common stock on the respective grant dates, reduced for the present value of dividends. At September 30, 2023,March 31, 2024, unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock awards was approximately $5.7$7.6 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.52.1 years.
A summary of the unvested restricted stock awards is as follows:
SharesWeighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2022217,168 $33.34 
SharesSharesWeighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2023
GrantedGranted73,633 59.70 
VestedVested(92,977)32.57 
ForfeitedForfeited(4,846)38.52 
Unvested at September 30, 2023192,978 $43.64 
Unvested at March 31, 2024

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PSUs
We have awarded performance restricted stock units ("PSUs") to certain officers and employees under our 2016 Plan. Unlike our restricted stock awards, these PSUs are not considered legally outstanding and do not accrue dividends during the vesting period. These PSUs vest based on the level of achievement with respect to the Company's total shareholder return ("TSR") benchmarked against similar companies included in the capital goods sector of the S&P SmallCap 600 Index. The TSR measurement period is three years. At the end of the measurement period, each award will be converted into common stock at 0% to 200% of the PSUs held, depending on overall TSR as compared to the S&P SmallCap 600 Index benchmark companies.
The total pre-tax compensation cost related to unvested PSUs not yet recognized as of September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 is $5.0$8.5 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.72.0 years.
The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine the fair value of the PSUs granted on the original grant date for expense recognition purposes for PSUs granted during the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2024 and 2023 and 2022 using a Monte Carlo Model:
Nine months ended Three months ended
September 30, 2023September 30, 2022 March 31, 2024March 31, 2023
 
Expected (annual) dividend rateExpected (annual) dividend rate$0.32$0.25
Expected (annual) dividend rate
Expected (annual) dividend rate$0.32$0.32
Expected volatilityExpected volatility32.71%37.60%Expected volatility33.99%32.71%
Risk-free interest rateRisk-free interest rate4.66%2.00%Risk-free interest rate4.31%4.66%
Expected life (in years)Expected life (in years)2.82.8Expected life (in years)2.82.8
The expected term of the PSUs is based on their remaining performance period. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rates at the date of grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected life at the grant date. Volatility is based on historical volatility of our stock over time periods equal to the expected life at grant date.
A summary of the unvested PSUs is as follows:
SharesWeighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 202293,982 $36.62 
SharesSharesWeighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2023
GrantedGranted58,130 84.42 
Additional target payout1
VestedVested— — 
ForfeitedForfeited— — 
Unvested at September 30, 20231
152,112 $54.88 
1Consists of 22,222 PSUs cliff vesting December 31, 2023, 71,760 PSUs cliff vesting December 31, 2024, and 58,130 PSUs cliff vesting December 31, 2025.
Unvested at March 31, 20242
1 The additional number of PSUs earned based on a 110% achievement at December 31, 2023 for awards vesting in 2024.
1 The additional number of PSUs earned based on a 110% achievement at December 31, 2023 for awards vesting in 2024.
2 Consists of 71,760 PSUs cliff vesting December 31, 2024, 58,130 PSUs cliff vesting December 31, 2025, and 46,699 PSUs cliff vesting December 31, 2026.
2 Consists of 71,760 PSUs cliff vesting December 31, 2024, 58,130 PSUs cliff vesting December 31, 2025, and 46,699 PSUs cliff vesting December 31, 2026.
Key Employee Awards
As part of the December 2021 acquisition of BASX, the Company granted awards to key employees of BASX ("Key Employee Awards"). Unlike our restricted stock awards under the 2016 Plan, the Key Employee Awards are not considered legally outstanding and do not accrue dividends during the vesting period. The potential future issuance of the Key Employee Awards iswas contingent upon BASX meeting certain post-closing earn-out milestones during each of the years ending 2021, 2022 and 2023 as defined by the BASX acquisition membership interest purchase agreement ("MIPA Agreement") and continued employment with the Company. At the end of the earn-out period, ending December 31, 2023, each eligible Key Employee Award will vestvested and bewas converted into common stock. The fair value of Key Employee Awards is based on the fair market value of AAON common stock on the grant date.
The total All pre-tax compensation cost related to unvested Key Employee Awards not yethas been recognized as of September 30,December 31, 2023 is $0.3 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 0.3 years.all awards vested in March 2024.

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A summary of the unvested Key Employee Awards is as follows:
SharesWeighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 202239,899 $53.45 
Granted— — 
Vested— — 
Forfeited— — 
Unvested at September 30, 202339,899 $53.45 

SharesWeighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 202339,899 $53.45 
Granted— — 
Vested(39,899)53.45 
Forfeited— — 
Unvested at March 31, 2024— $— 

Share-Based Compensation
A summary of share-based compensation is as follows:

Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
Three Months Ended
Three Months Ended
Three Months Ended
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
Grant date fair value of awards during the period:Grant date fair value of awards during the period:(in thousands)Grant date fair value of awards during the period:(in thousands)
OptionsOptions$106 $480 $5,224 $5,979 
PSUsPSUs— 109 4,907 2,190 
Restricted stockRestricted stock246 164 4,396 3,319 
TotalTotal$352 $753 $14,527 $11,488 
Total
Total
Share-based compensation expense:Share-based compensation expense:
Share-based compensation expense:
Share-based compensation expense:
Options
Options
OptionsOptions$2,228 $2,104 $6,604 $6,483 
PSUsPSUs737 188 1,820 665 
Restricted stockRestricted stock1,053 768 2,903 2,290 
Key employee awards261 261 775 791 
Key Employee Awards
TotalTotal$4,279 $3,321 $12,102 $10,229 
Income tax benefit related to share-based compensation:
Income tax benefit related to share-based compensation:
Income tax benefit related to share-based compensation:
OptionsOptions$478 $531 $5,639 $1,022 
PSUs
Restricted stockRestricted stock16 680 231 
Key Employee Awards
TotalTotal$494 $534 $6,319 $1,253 
Share-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period of the related share-based compensation award. Historically, stock options and restricted stock awards, granted to employees, vested at a rate of 20% per year. Restricted stock awards granted to directors historically vested one-third each year or, if granted on or after May 2019, vest over the shorter of directors' remaining elected term or one-third each year. As of March 2021, all new grants of stock options and restricted stock awards, granted to employees, vest at a rate of 33.3% per year. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.
Historically, if the employee or director is retirement eligible (as defined by the applicable LTIP or 2016 Plan) or becomes retirement eligible during the service period of the related share-based compensation award, the service period (and compensation expense recognition) is the lesser of 1) the grant date, if retirement eligible on grant date, or 2) the period between grant date and retirement eligible date. All stock options and restricted stock awards granted on or after March 1, 2020 to retirement eligible employees or directors contain a one-year employment requirement (minimum service period) or the entire award is forfeited. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.
The PSUs cliff vest on December 31, at the end of the third year from the date of grant. Share-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period of PSUs. The PSUs are subject to several service and market conditions, as defined by the PSU agreement, which allows the holder to retain a pro-rata amount of awards as a result of certain termination conditions, retirement, change in common control, or death. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.



- 18 -


The Key Employee Awards cliff vest on December 31, 2023. Share-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period of the Key Employee Awards when it is probable that the performance conditions will be satisfied. The Key Employee Awards are subject to several service and performance conditions, as defined by the Key Employee Award agreement, which allows the holder to retain an amount of the awards as a result of certain termination conditions or change in common control. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.
13. Employee Benefits
Defined Contribution Plan - 401(k)
We sponsor a defined contribution plan (the “Plan”). Eligible employees may make contributions in accordance with the Plan and IRS guidelines. In addition to the traditional 401(k), eligible employees are given the option of making an after-tax contribution to a Roth 401(k) or a combination of both. The Plan provides for automatic enrollment and for an automatic increase to the deferral percentage at January 1st of each year and each year thereafter. Eligible employees are automatically enrolled in the Plan at a 6% deferral rate and currently contributing employees deferral rates will be increased to 6% unless their current rate is at or above 6% or the employee elects to decline the automatic enrollment or increase. Administrative expenses are paid for by Plan participants. The Company paid no administrative expenses during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 and 2022.2023.
The Company matches 175% up to 6% of employee contributions of eligible compensation. Additionally, Plan participant forfeitures are used to reduce the cost of the Company contributions.
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
 September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
(in thousands)
Contributions, net of forfeitures, made to the defined contribution plan$4,497 $4,189 $13,164 $10,768 
Three Months Ended
 March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
(in thousands)
Contributions, net of forfeitures, made to the defined contribution plan$5,710 $5,259 
Profit Sharing Bonus Plans
We maintain a discretionary profit sharing bonus plan under which approximately 10%8.5% of pre-tax profit (10% prior to January 1, 2024) from AAON Oklahoma and AAON Coil Productsthe Company is paid to eligible employees on a quarterly basis in order to reward employee productivity. Eligible employees are regular full-time non-exempt employees of AAON Oklahoma or AAON Coil Productsthe Company who are actively employed and working on the first and last daysday of the calendar quarter and who were employed full-time for at least three full months priorquarter. BASX employees are eligible to participate in the beginning of the calendar quarter, excluding the Company's senior leadership team.discretionary profit sharing bonus plan on January 1, 2024.
Prior to January 1, 2024, BASX hashad a separate employee incentive program (EIP) under which 5% of BASX's pre-tax profit, plus certain add backs, is paid ratably to eligible employees based on days-of-pay during the fiscal year. Eligible employees are regular full-time and part-time employees who have worked during the year and are still employed when the EIP payment is made following the end of the fiscal year, excluding members of BASX's senior leadership team and any employee paid commissions or royalties. This incentive program ended December 31, 2023.

Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
 September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
(in thousands)
Profit sharing bonus plan and employee incentive plan expense$6,954 $4,137 $17,772 $8,952 
Three Months Ended
 March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
(in thousands)
Profit sharing bonus plan and employee incentive plan expense$4,600 $4,866 

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Employee Medical Plan
At AAON Oklahoma and AAON Coil Products, weWe self-insure for our employees' health insurance, and make medical claim payments up to certain stop-loss amounts. We estimate our self-insurance liabilities using an analysis provided by our claims administrator and our historical claims experience. Eligible employees are regular full-time employees who are actively employed and working. Participants are expected to pay a portion of the premium costs for coverage of the benefits provided under the Plans. In addition, the Company matches 175% of a participating AAON Oklahoma and AAON Coil Products employee's allowed contributions to a qualified health saving account to assist employees with health insurance plan deductibles. BASX employees joined the Company's medical plan and benefits on January 1, 2024.
BASX iswas insured for healthcare coverage through a third party.party through December 31, 2023. Eligible employees are regular full-time employees who are actively employed and working. Participants are expected to pay a portion of the premium costs for coverage of the benefits provided under the Plans. In addition, the Company contributes certain amounts for BASX's employees enrolled in a high deductible plan to a qualified health savings account to assist employees with health insurance plan deductibles. This healthcare coverage ended December 31, 2023.
Three Months Ended
Three Months Ended
Three Months Ended
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
(in thousands)
(in thousands)
(in thousands)
(in thousands)
Medical premium paymentsMedical premium payments$4,455 $3,429 $11,255 $7,418 
Health saving account contributionsHealth saving account contributions1,460 968 3,718 2,871 
Health saving account contributions
Health saving account contributions
14.  Earnings Per Share
Basic net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share assumes the conversion of all potentially dilutive securities and is calculated by dividing net income by the sum of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus all potentially dilutive securities. Dilutive common shares consist primarily of stock options and restricted stock awards.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 and 2022:2023:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
Numerator:Numerator:(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Numerator:
Numerator:(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Net incomeNet income$48,078 $27,473 $130,574 $61,478 
Denominator:Denominator:  
Denominator:
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares3
Basic weighted average shares3
Basic weighted average shares3
Basic weighted average shares3
81,418,800 79,777,987 81,140,473 79,543,925 
Effect of dilutive shares related to stock based compensation1,3
Effect of dilutive shares related to stock based compensation1,3
1,974,254 1,160,087 1,993,664 1,135,815 
Effect of dilutive shares related to stock based compensation1,3
Effect of dilutive shares related to stock based compensation1,3
Effect of dilutive shares related to contingent consideration2 ,3
Effect of dilutive shares related to contingent consideration2 ,3
Effect of dilutive shares related to contingent consideration2 ,3
Effect of dilutive shares related to contingent consideration2 ,3
— — 141,071 203,058 
Diluted weighted average shares3
Diluted weighted average shares3
83,393,054 80,938,074 83,275,208 80,882,798 
Diluted weighted average shares3
Diluted weighted average shares3
Earnings per share:
Earnings per share:
Earnings per share:Earnings per share:  
Basic3
Basic3
$0.59 $0.34 $1.61 $0.77 
Basic3
Basic3
Dilutive3
Dilutive3
Dilutive3
Dilutive3
$0.58 $0.34 $1.57 $0.76 
Anti-dilutive shares:Anti-dilutive shares:  
Anti-dilutive shares:
Anti-dilutive shares:
Shares3
Shares3
360,408 1,146,759 296,072 1,040,848 
Shares3
Shares3
1 Dilutive shares related to stock options, restricted stock, PSUs and Key Employee Awards (Note 12)
1 Dilutive shares related to stock options, restricted stock, PSUs and Key Employee Awards (Note 12)
1 Dilutive shares related to stock options, restricted stock, PSUs and Key Employee Awards (Note 12)
2 Dilutive shares related to contingent shares issued to the former owners of BASX (Note 15)
2 Dilutive shares related to contingent shares issued to the former owners of BASX (Note 15)
2 Dilutive shares related to contingent shares issued to the former owners of BASX (Note 15)
3 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
3 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
3 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.


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15. Stockholders’ Equity
Stock Repurchases
The Board has authorized one active stock repurchase program for the Company. The Company may purchase shares on the open market from time to time. The Board must authorize the timing and amount of these purchases and all repurchases are in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC allowing the Company to repurchase shares from the open market.
Our open market repurchase programs are as follows:
Effective DateAuthorized Repurchase $Expiration Date
March 13, 2020$20 millionNovember 9, 2022
November 3, 2022$50 millionFebruary 27, 2024
February 27, 2024$50 million
** 1, 2
1 Expiration Date is at Board's discretion. The Company is authorized to effectuate repurchases of the Company's common stock on terms and conditions approved in advance by the Board.
2 As of September 30, 2023,March 31, 2024, there is approximately $25.0$50.0 million remaining under the current stock repurchase program. The remaining amount available is subject to a Board authorized 10b5-1 plan requiring certain market conditions and requirements.
The Company repurchases shares of AAON, Inc. stock from employees for payment of statutory tax withholdings on stock transactions. All other repurchases from directors or employees are contingent upon Board approval. All repurchases are done at current market prices.
Lastly, the Company also had a stock repurchase arrangement by which employee-participants in our 401(k) savings and investment plan were entitled to have shares in AAON, Inc. stock in their accounts sold to the Company. The 401(k) Plan was amended in June 2022 to discontinue this program. No additional shares have been purchased by the Company under this arrangement since June 2022.
Our repurchase activity is as follows:
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended
March 31, 2024March 31, 2024March 31, 2023
(in thousands, except share and per share data)(in thousands, except share and per share data)
ProgramProgram
Shares1
Total $
$ per share1
Shares1
Total $
$ per share1
Nine Months Ended
Employees
September 30, 2023September 30, 2022
Employees
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Program
Shares1
Total $
$ per share1
Shares1
Total $
$ per share1
Open market402,873 $25,009 $62.08 53,218 $2,030 $38.14 
401(k)— — — 155,904 5,913 37.93 
EmployeesEmployees20,218 1,202 59.45 24,889 978 39.29 
Total423,091 $26,211 $61.95 234,011 $8,921 $38.12 
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
Our repurchase activity since Company inception, including our current authorized stock repurchase programs, are as follows:

Inception toSeptember 30, 2023
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Inception to
Inception to
Inception toMarch 31, 2024
(in thousands, except share and per share data)(in thousands, except share and per share data)
ProgramProgram
Shares1
Total $
$ per share1
Program
Shares1
Total $
$ per share1
Open marketOpen market6,893,924 $106,625 $15.47 
401(k)401(k)12,462,552 171,789 13.78 
Directors and employeesDirectors and employees3,087,651 24,562 7.95 
TotalTotal22,444,127 $302,976 $13.50 
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

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Cash Dividends
At the discretion of the Board, we pay cash dividends. Board approval is required to determine the date of declaration and amount for each cash dividend payment.
Our recent cash dividends are as follows:
Declaration Date1
Record DatePayment Date
Dividend
per Share2
 Annualized Dividend
per Share2
May 18, 2022June 3, 2022July 1, 2022$0.13$0.26
November 8, 2022November 28, 2022December 16, 2022$0.16$0.32
March 1, 2023March 13, 2023March 31, 2023$0.08$0.32
May 18, 2023June 9, 2023June 30, 2023$0.08$0.32
August 18, 2023September 8, 2023September 29, 2023$0.08$0.32
1 Effective with the cash dividend declared on March 1, 2023 (paid on March 31, 2023), the Company moved from semi-annual cash dividends to quarterly cash dividends.
2 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
Declaration DateRecord DatePayment Date
Dividend
per Share1
 Annualized Dividend
per Share1
March 1, 2023March 13, 2023March 31, 2023$0.08$0.32
May 18, 2023June 9, 2023June 30, 2023$0.08$0.32
August 18, 2023September 8, 2023September 29, 2023$0.08$0.32
November 10, 2023November 29, 2023December 18, 2023$0.08$0.32
March 5, 2024March 18, 2024March 29, 2024$0.08$0.32
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
Stock Split
On July 7, 2023, the Board of Directors declared a three-for-two stock split of the Company's common stock to be paid in the form of a stock dividend. Stockholders of record at the close of business on July 28, 2023 received one additional share for every two shares they held as of that date on August 16, 2023 (ex-dividend date August 17, 2023). Cash was paid in lieu of fractional shares (approximately $0.5 million). All share and per share information has been updated to reflect the effects of this stock split. The retroactive effect of the stock split resulted in an approximately $0.1 million reclass between common stock and retained earnings within stockholders' equity on the consolidated balance sheet.
Contingent Shares Issued in BASX Acquisition
As discussed above, the Company declared a three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023. All share and per share information has been updated to reflect the effect of this stock split.
In December 2021, we closed on the acquisition of BASX. Under the MIPA Agreement, we committed to $78.0 million in the aggregate of contingent consideration to the former owners of BASX, which is payable in approximately 1.56 million shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.004 per share. The shares do not accrue dividends.
Under the MIPA Agreement, the potential future issuance of shares to the shares isformer owners of BASX was contingent upon BASX meeting certain post-closing earn-out milestones during each of the years ended 2021, 2022, and 2023. Based onIn March 2024, we issued the final allocation of the consideration paid, we estimated the fair value of contingent consideration related to these shares to be approximately $60.0 million, which is included in additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2023, 0.58 million shares and 0.73remaining 0.24 million shares related to the earn-out milestonesmilestone for the yearsyear ended 20222023. As a result of the shares issued in March 2024, the tax basis exceeded the book basis for consideration paid resulting in a deferred tax asset and 2021,an increase to additional paid-in capital of $6.4 million, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheet. The deferred tax asset is expected to be amortized over fifteen years. We previously issued 0.58 million shares in March 2023, related to the earn-out milestone for the year ended 2022. All shares have been issued to the former owners of BASX as private placements exempt from registration with the SEC under Rule 506(b), which and are included in common stock on the consolidated statements of stockholders' equity.

16. New Markets Tax Credit
2019 New Markets Tax Credit
On October 24, 2019, the Company entered into a transaction with a subsidiary of an unrelated third-party financial institution (the “2019 Investor”) and a certified Community Development Entity under a qualified New Markets Tax Credit (“2019 NMTC”) program pursuant to Section 45D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, related to an investment in plant and equipment to facilitate the expansion of our Longview, Texas manufacturing operations (the “2019 Project”). In connection with the 2019 NMTC transaction, the Company received a $23.0 million NMTC allocation for the Project and secured low interest financing and the potential for future debt forgiveness related to the 2019 Project.
Upon closing of the 2019 NMTC transaction, the Company provided an aggregate of approximately $15.9 million to the 2019 Investor, in the form of a loan receivable, with a term of twenty-five years, bearing an interest rate of 1.0%. This $15.9 million in proceeds plus capital contributed from the 2019 Investor was used to make an aggregate $22.5 million loan to a subsidiary of the Company. This financing arrangement is secured by equipment at the Company's Longview, Texas facilities and a guarantee from the Company, including an unconditional guarantee of the NMTCs.

- 22 -


This transaction also includes a put/call feature either of which can be exercised at the end of the seven-year compliance period. The 2019 Investor may exercise its put option or the Company can exercise the call, both of which could serve to trigger forgiveness of a portion of the debt. The 2019 Investor's interest of $6.5 million is recorded in New market tax credit obligation on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company incurred approximately $0.3 million of debt issuance costs related to the above transactions, which are being amortized over the life of the transaction.
2023 New Markets Tax Credit
On April 25, 2023, the Company entered into a transaction with a subsidiary of an unrelated third-party financial institution (the “2023 Investor”) and a certified Community Development Entity under a qualified New Markets Tax Credit (“2023 NMTC”) program pursuant to Section 45D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, related to an investment in plant and equipment to facilitate the expansion of our Longview, Texas manufacturing operations (the “2023 Project”). In connection with the 2023 NMTC transaction, the Company received a $23.0 million NMTC allocation for the 2023 Project and secured low interest financing and the potential for future debt forgiveness related to the expansion of its Longview, Texas facilities.
Upon closing of the 2023 NMTC transaction, the Company provided an aggregate of approximately $16.7 million to the Investor, in the form of a loan receivable, with a term of twenty-five years, bearing an interest rate of 1.0%. This $16.7 million in proceeds plus capital contributed from the 2023 Investor was used to make an aggregate $23.8 million loan to a subsidiary of the Company. This financing arrangement is secured by a guarantee from the Company, including an unconditional guarantee of the NMTCs. The net proceeds from the closing of the 2023 NMTC isare included in restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets required to be used for the 2023 Project.
This transaction also includes a put/call feature either of which can be exercised at the end of the seven-year compliance period. The 2023 Investor may exercise its put option or the Company can exercise the call, both of which could serve to trigger forgiveness of a portion of the debt. The 2023 Investor's interest of $5.7 million is recorded in New market tax credit obligation on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company incurred approximately $0.4 million of debt issuance costs related to the above transactions, which are being amortized over the life of the transaction.
2024 New Markets Tax Credit
On February 27, 2024, the Company entered into a transaction with a subsidiary of an unrelated third-party financial institution (the “2024 Investor”) and a certified Community Development Entity under a qualified New Markets Tax Credit (“2024 NMTC”) program pursuant to Section 45D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, related to an investment in real estate to facilitate 2023 Project. In connection with the 2024 NMTC transaction, the Company received a $15.5 million NMTC allocation for the 2023 Project and secured low interest financing and the potential for future debt forgiveness related to the expansion of its Longview, Texas facilities.
Upon closing of the 2024 NMTC transaction, the Company provided an aggregate of approximately $11.0 million to the Investor, in the form of a loan receivable, with a term of twenty-five years, bearing an interest rate of 1.0%. This $11.0 million in proceeds plus capital contributed from the Investor was used to make an aggregate $16.0 million loan to a subsidiary of the Company. This financing arrangement is secured by a guarantee from the Company, including an unconditional guarantee of the NMTCs. The net proceeds from the closing of the 2024 NMTC are included in restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets required to be used for the 2023 Project.
This transaction also includes a put/call feature that either of which can be exercised at the end of the seven-year compliance period. The Investor may exercise its put option or the Company can exercise the call, both of which could serve to trigger forgiveness of a portion of the debt. The 2024 Investor's interest of $3.8 million is recorded in New market tax credit obligations on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company incurred approximately $0.4 million of debt issuance costs related to the above transactions, which are being amortized over the life of the transaction.
The 2019 Investor, 2023 Investor, and 20232024 Investor are each subject to 100 percent recapture of the 2019, 2023, and 20232024 NMTC, respectively, it receives for a period of seven years, as provided in the Internal Revenue Code and applicable U.S. Treasury regulations in the event that the financing facility of the Borrower under the transaction (AAON Coil Products, Inc.) becomes ineligible for NMTC treatment per the Internal Revenue Code requirements. The Company is required to be in compliance with various regulations and contractual provisions that apply to the 2019 NMTC arrangements, 2023 NMTC arrangements, and 20232024 NMTC arrangements, respectively. Noncompliance with applicable requirements could result in the 2019 and/or 2023 and/or 2024 Investors' projected tax benefits not being realized and, therefore, require the Company to indemnify the 2019 Investor, 2023 Investor, and 20232024 Investor for any loss or recapture of the 2019 NMTC, 2023 NMTC, and 20232024 NMTC, respectively, related to the financing until such time as the recapture provisions have expired under the applicable statute of limitations. The Company does not anticipate any credit recapture will be required in connection with eitherany of these financing arrangements.
The 2019 Investor, 2023 Investor, and 20232024 Investor and its majority owned community development entity are considered VIEs and the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs. Because the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs,

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they have been included in the consolidated financial statements. There are no other assets, liabilities or transactions in these VIEs outside of the financing transactions executed as part of the 2019 NMTC, 2023 NMTC, or 20232024 NMTC arrangements, respectively.
17. Commitments and Contingencies
Havtech Litigation
On January 24, 2022, one of the Company’s former independent sales representative firms, Havtech, LLC (and its affiliate, Havtech Parts Division, LLC, collectively “Plaintiffs”), filed a complaint (the “Complaint”) in the Circuit Court for Howard County, Maryland (Havtech, LLC, et al., v. AAON, Inc., et al.). The Complaint challenged the Company’s termination of its business relationship with Plaintiffs. The Company removed the action to the United States District Court for the District of Maryland (Northern Division) and moved to dismiss the Complaint. Plaintiffs’ First Amended Complaint (“First Amended Complaint”) was entered by the court on July 28, 2022. The First Amended Complaint asserts that the Company improperly terminated Plaintiffs and seeks damages alleged to be no less than $48.6 million, plus fees and costs. The Company filed its Answer to First Amended Complaint on January 31, 2023.
On September 28, 2023, the parties attended a court ordered settlement conference and agreed to resolve the case for $7.5 million. A settlement agreement was entered into on October 25, 2023 and the case has been dismissed with prejudice. The settlement of $7.5 million has been included in accrued liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets and selling, general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statement of income. The final payment was made on October 26, 2023.


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Other Matters
The Company is involved from time to time in claims and lawsuits incidental to our business arising from various matters, including alleged violations of contract, product liability, warranty, environmental, regulatory, personal injury, intellectual property, employment, tax and other laws. We closely monitor these claims and legal actions and frequently consult with our legal counsel to determine whether they may, when resolved, have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows and we accrue and/or disclose loss contingencies as appropriate. We do not believe these matters will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
We are occasionally party to short-term and long-term, cancellable and occasionally non-cancellable, contracts with major suppliers for the purchase of raw material and component parts. We expect to receive delivery of raw material and component parts for use in our manufacturing operations. These contracts are not accounted for as derivative instruments because they meet the normal purchase and normal sales exemption. We had no material contractual purchase obligations as of September 30, 2023,March 31, 2024, except as noted below.
On April 27, 2022,In 2023, the Company entered intoexecuted a five-year purchase commitment for refrigerants. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and sale agreement with a third-party manufacturer to2023, the Company made payments of $3.6 million and $2.4 million, respectively, on this contract. Estimated minimum future payments are $8.3 million, $9.1 million, $10.5 million, and $11.2 million for 2024, 2025, 2026, and 2027, respectively. We had no other material contractual purchase certain assets to design and manufacture fan wheels for the purchase priceobligations as of $6.5 million. As of September 30, 2023, we have paid approximately $3.5 million related to this agreement, which is included in other long-term assets and property, plant and equipment, with the remaining $3.0 million included in accounts payable and other long-term assets on our consolidated balance sheets. The final payment was made on October 30, 2023.March 31, 2024.

18.  Related Parties
The following is a summary of transactions and balances with related parties:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
(in thousands)Three Months Ended
March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Sales to affiliatesSales to affiliates$1,047 $450 $4,811 $3,529 
Payments to affiliatesPayments to affiliates90 30 872 1,033 
September 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
(in thousands)
March 31,
2024
March 31,
2024
March 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Due from affiliatesDue from affiliates$190 $432 
Due to affiliatesDue to affiliates232 — 

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The nature of our related party transactions is as follows:
The Company sells units to an entity owned by a member of the CEO/President'sCEO's immediate family. This entity is also one of the Company’s Representatives and as such, the Company makes payments to the entity for third party products.
The Company purchases some supplies from entities controlled by two of the Company’s board members and a member of the Company's executive management team.
The Company periodically makes part sales and makes payments to a board member related to a consulting agreement.
The Company periodically rents space partially owned by the CEO/PresidentCEO for various Company meetings.
From December 10, 2021 through May 31, 2022, theThe Company leased a manufacturingleases flight time of an aircraft partially owned by our COO and office facility in Redmond, Oregon from an entity in which certain members of BASX management have an ownership interest. This facility was purchased 100% by the Company on May 31, 2022.Vice President.

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19. Segments
The Company has determined that it has three reportable segments for financial reporting purposes. Management evaluates the performance of its business segments primarily on gross profit. The Company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), our CEO, allocates resources and assesses the performance of each operating segment using information about the operating segment's net sales and income from operations. The CODM does not evaluate operating segments using asset or liability information.
AAON Oklahoma: AAON Oklahoma designs, manufactures, sells and services standard, semi-custom and custom heating, ventilation and air conditioning ("HVAC") systems, designs and produces controls solutions for all of our HVAC units and sells retail parts to customers through our two retail part stores in Tulsa, Oklahoma as well as online. Through our Norman Asbjornson Innovation Center ("NAIC") research and development laboratory facility in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the Company is able to test units under various environmental conditions. AAON Oklahoma includes the operations of our Tulsa, Oklahoma and Parkville, Missouri facilities, our NAIC research and development laboratory facility and two retail parts locations.
AAON Coil Products: AAON Coil Products designs and manufactures a selection of our standard, semi-custom and custom HVAC systems. AAON Coil Products also designs and manufactures various heating and cooling coils to be used in HVAC systems, mostly for the benefit of AAON Oklahoma and AAON Coil Products. AAON Coil Products consists of operations at our Longview, Texas facilities.
BASX: BASX provides product development design and manufacturing of custom engineered air handling systems including high efficiency data center cooling solutions, cleanroom HVAC systems, commercial/industrial HVAC systems and modular solutions. Additionally, BASX designs and manufactures cleanroom environmental control systems to support hospital surgical suites, pharmaceutical process facilities, semiconductor and electronics manufacturing, laboratory and isolation modular cleanrooms for facility flexibility. BASX consists of operations at our Redmond, Oregon facility.

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The following table summarizes certain financial data related to our segments. Transactions between segments are recorded based on prices negotiated between the segments. The Gross Profit amounts shown below are presented after elimination entries.
Three Months Ended
Three Months Ended
Three Months Ended
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2023September 30, 2022September 30, 2023September 30, 2022
Net SalesNet Sales(in thousands)
Net Sales
Net Sales
AAON Oklahoma
AAON Oklahoma
AAON OklahomaAAON Oklahoma
External sales External sales$246,454 $179,169 $666,670 $476,517 
External sales
External sales
Inter-segment sales
Inter-segment sales
Inter-segment sales Inter-segment sales768 998 3,467 2,157 
AAON Coil ProductsAAON Coil Products
AAON Coil Products
AAON Coil Products
External sales
External sales
External sales External sales25,769 30,504 89,262 79,193 
Inter-segment sales Inter-segment sales11,871 8,037 28,687 24,047 
Inter-segment sales
Inter-segment sales
BASX
BASX
BASXBASX
External salesExternal sales39,747 32,932 105,948 78,480 
External sales
External sales
Inter-segment sales
Inter-segment sales
Inter-segment salesInter-segment sales(74)61 1,426 61 
EliminationsEliminations(12,565)(9,096)(33,580)(26,265)
Eliminations
Eliminations
Net sales
Net sales
Net sales Net sales$311,970 $242,605 $861,880 $634,190 
 
Gross ProfitGross Profit
Gross Profit
Gross Profit
AAON Oklahoma
AAON Oklahoma
AAON OklahomaAAON Oklahoma$94,174 $45,643 $231,403 $111,216 
AAON Coil ProductsAAON Coil Products8,307 10,564 22,948 26,344 
AAON Coil Products
AAON Coil Products
BASXBASX13,628 9,384 32,930 21,471 
BASX
BASX
Gross profit
Gross profit
Gross profit Gross profit$116,109 $65,591 $287,281 $159,031 
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Long-lived assets(in thousands)
AAON Oklahoma$255,176 $248,556 
AAON Coil Products89,701 83,169 
BASX62,383 49,996 
            Total long-lived assets$407,260 $381,721 
Intangible assets and goodwill
AAON Oklahoma$13,795 $10,282 
AAON Coil Products— — 
BASX138,761 139,663 
            Total intangible assets and goodwill$152,556 $149,945 

- 2526 -


September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Long-lived assets(in thousands)
AAON Oklahoma$251,298 $213,731 
AAON Coil Products77,434 68,013 
BASX45,805 35,578 
            Total long-lived assets$374,537 $317,322 
Intangible assets and goodwill
AAON Oklahoma$3,229 $3,229 
AAON Coil Products— — 
BASX140,564 143,269 
            Total intangible assets and goodwill$143,793 $146,498 
Item 2.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, which are included in this report, and our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.2023.
This discussion contains or incorporates by reference “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about our industry, business and future financial results, based on information available at the time this report is filed with the SEC or, with respect to any document incorporated by reference, available at the time that such document was prepared. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those identified in the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” in this Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.2023. We do not assume any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events, new information or circumstances or otherwise, except as required by law.
Overview
We engineer, manufacture, market,are engaged in the engineering, manufacturing, and sellselling of premium heating, ventilation, and air conditioning and heating equipment consisting primarily of standard, semi-custom and custom rooftop units, data center cooling solutions, cleanroom systems, packaged outdoor mechanical rooms, air handling units, makeup air units, energy recovery units, condensing units, geothermal/water-source heat pumps, coils, and controls. These products are marketed and sold to a variety of vertical markets including retail, manufacturing, educational, lodging, supermarket, data centers, medical and pharmaceutical, industrial, and other commercial industries.markets. We marketsell our products to all 50 states in the United States and certain provinces in Canada. Foreign sales were approximately $29.3$7.4 million of our total net sales for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 and $18.0$12.6 million of our sales during the same period of 2022.2023.
Our business can be affected by a number of economic factors, including the level of economic activity in the markets in which we operate. Both the new construction and replacement markets are cyclical. If the domestic economy were to slow or enter a recession, this could result in a decrease in our sales volume and profitability. Sales in the commercial and industrial new construction markets generally lag the housing market, which in turn is influenced by cyclical factors such as interest rates, inflation, consumer spending habits, employment rates, the state of the economy and other macroeconomic factors over which we have no control. Sales in the replacement markets are driven by various factors, including general economic growth, the Company’sCompany's new product introductions, fluctuations in the average age of existing equipment in the market, government regulations and stimulus, changeschange in market demand between more customized, higher performing HVAC equipment and lower priced standard equipment, as well as many other factors.

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When new construction is down, we emphasize the replacement market.
We sell our products to property owners and contractors mainly through a network of independent manufacturers’ Representatives. This go-to-market strategy is unique compared to most of our larger competitors in that most control their sales channel. We value the independent sales channel as we think it is a more effective way of increasing market share. Although we concede full control of the sales process with this strategy, the entrepreneurial aspect of the independent sales channel attracts the most talent and provides greater financial incentives for its salespeople. Furthermore, the independent sales channel sells different types of equipment from various manufacturers, allowing it to operate with more of a solutions-based mindset, as opposed to an internal sales department of a manufacturing company that is incentivized to only sell its equipment regardless if it is the best solution for the end customer. We also have a small internal sales force that supports the relationships between the Company and our sales channel partners. BASX sells highly customized products for unique applications tofor a more concentrated customer base. A combination of ourbase and an internal sales force and select group of independent sales representatives is mostmore effective for BASX'ssuch products.
The principal components of cost of goods sold are labor, raw materials, component costs, factory overhead, freight and engineering expense. The principal high volume raw materials used in our manufacturing processes are steel, copper and aluminum, and are obtained from domestic suppliers. We also purchase from domestic manufacturers certain components, including coils, compressors, motors, and electrical controls.
The price levels of our raw materials fluctuate given that the market continues to be volatile and unpredictable as a result of the uncertainty related to the U.S. economy and global economy. At September 30, 2023,March 31, 2024, the price (year to date average) for copper, galvanized steel, and stainless steel and aluminum increased 1.2%decreased 2.6%, 5.0%16.9%, and 16.7%18.5%, respectively, as compared to the price (year to date average) at September 30, 2022,March 31, 2023, while the price (year to date average) for galvanized steel decreased 29.9%aluminum increased 0.4% as compared to the price (year to date average) at September 30, 2022.March 31, 2023.

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We attempt to limit the impact of price fluctuations on these materials by entering into cancellable and non-cancellable contracts with our major suppliers for periods of six to 18 months. We expect to receive delivery of raw materials from our contracts for use in our manufacturing operations.
We occasionally increase the price of our products to help offset any inflationary headwinds. In 2022, we implemented two significant price increases as well as a recurring 1% monthly price increase effectivebeginning June 1, 2022 throughand ending on April 1, 2023. We reinstated the recurring 1% monthly price increase on October 1, 2023 and carried that through February 1, 2024.
Backlog
The following table shows our historical backlog levels:
September 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
September 30,
2022
March 31,
2024
March 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
March 31,
2023
(in thousands)(in thousands)(in thousands)
$490,591 $548,022 $514,735 
While our backlog is down at September 30, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022, ourOur bookings remain strong. The year-ended December 31, 2022 was a record year for bookings and our backlog was swollen causing us to extend lead times. Investments made in our facilities and workforce have significantly improved our capacity and operational efficiencies. Production rates are at all time highs, trimming our backlog down to a more manageable size and allowing our lead times to continue to improve.
Results of Operations
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2023202220232022
(in thousands)
Net Sales$311,970 $242,605 $861,880 $634,190 
Cost of Sales195,861 177,014 574,599 475,159 
Gross Profit116,109 65,591 287,281 159,031 
Selling, general and administrative expenses51,470 28,891 123,684 78,880 
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets(25)— (13)(12)
Income from operations$64,664 $36,700 $163,610 $80,163 

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Three months ended March 31,
20242023
(in thousands)
Net sales$262,099 $265,953 
Cost of sales169,857 188,799 
Gross profit92,242 77,154 
Selling, general and administrative expenses45,288 32,942 
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets(16)
Income from operations$46,970 $44,206 
The following are recent highlights and items that impacted our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition:
Sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 grew 28.6% and 35.9%March 31, 2024 decreased 1.4%, respectively, due to recorddecreased production rates and price increases realized during the period as compared to the same periodsperiod in the prior year.2023.
Our gross profit margin for the quarter ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 of 37.2%35.2% increased 1,020620 basis points from the quarter ended September 30, 2022March 31, 2023 due to increased organic volumesprice increases, product mix for operational efficiencies, lower material costs, and better overhead absorption.
We completed the repurchase of $25.0 million of shares under our current share repurchase authorization.
We report our financial results based on three reportable segments: AAON Oklahoma, AAON Coil Products, and BASX, which are further described in "Segments" (Note 19) within our notes to the consolidated financial statements. The Company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), our CEO, allocates resources and assesses the performance of each operating segment using information about the operating segment's net sales and income from operations. The CODM does not evaluate operating segments using asset or liability information.

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Segment Operating Results for Three Months Ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 and Three Months Ended September 30, 2022March 31, 2023
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2023
Percent of Sales1
September 30, 2022
Percent of Sales1
 $ Change% Change
(in thousands)
Three Months Ended
Three Months Ended
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2024
March 31, 2024
March 31, 2024
(in thousands)
(in thousands)
(in thousands)
Net Sales2
Net Sales2
Net Sales2
Net Sales2
AAON OklahomaAAON Oklahoma$246,454 79.0 %$179,169 73.9 %$67,285 37.6 %
AAON Oklahoma
AAON Oklahoma
AAON Coil Products
AAON Coil Products
AAON Coil ProductsAAON Coil Products25,769 8.3 %30,504 12.6 %(4,735)(15.5)%
BASXBASX39,747 12.7 %32,932 13.6 %6,815 20.7 %
BASX
BASX
Net sales
Net sales
Net sales Net sales$311,970 $242,605 $69,365 28.6 %
Cost of Sales2
Cost of Sales2
Cost of Sales2
Cost of Sales2
AAON Oklahoma
AAON Oklahoma
AAON OklahomaAAON Oklahoma$152,280 61.8 %133,526 74.5 %$18,754 14.0 %
AAON Coil ProductsAAON Coil Products17,462 67.8 %19,940 65.4 %(2,478)(12.4)%
AAON Coil Products
AAON Coil Products
BASXBASX26,119 65.7 %23,548 71.5 %2,571 10.9 %
BASX
BASX
Cost of sales
Cost of sales
Cost of sales Cost of sales$195,861 62.8 %$177,014 73.0 %$18,847 10.6 %
Gross Profit2
Gross Profit2
Gross Profit2
Gross Profit2
AAON Oklahoma
AAON Oklahoma
AAON OklahomaAAON Oklahoma$94,174 38.2 %$45,643 25.5 %$48,531 106.3 %
AAON Coil ProductsAAON Coil Products8,307 32.2 %10,564 34.6 %(2,257)(21.4)%
AAON Coil Products
AAON Coil Products
BASXBASX13,628 34.3 %9,384 28.5 %4,244 45.2 %
BASX
BASX
Gross profit
Gross profit
Gross profit Gross profit$116,109 37.2 %$65,591 27.0 %$50,518 77.0 %
1 Cost of sales and gross profit for each segment are calculated as a percentage of the respective segment's net sales. Total cost of sales and total gross profit are calculated as a percentage of total net sales.
1 Cost of sales and gross profit for each segment are calculated as a percentage of the respective segment's net sales. Total cost of sales and total gross profit are calculated as a percentage of total net sales.
1 Cost of sales and gross profit for each segment are calculated as a percentage of the respective segment's net sales. Total cost of sales and total gross profit are calculated as a percentage of total net sales.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
For the three months ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 total net sales increased $69.4decreased $3.9 million or 28.6%1.4%, with 16.7%due to a decrease in volumes of the increase coming from realization ofapproximately 5.7%, offset by price increases andof approximately 4.3%. While our AAON Oklahoma segment increased by 4.0%for the remaining 11.9% coming from increases in organic volume. three months ended March 31, 2024, our AAON Coil Products had a smaller backlog and realized price increases quicker than AAON Oklahoma. This along with inefficiencies relatedBASX segments experienced some production timing delays in early 2024 which contributed to implementing a new production line of BASX product at AAON Coil Products lead to year over year decreasesthe overall decrease in sales for this segment.sales.
Gross profit as a percent of sales increased to 37.2%35.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 as compared to 27.0%29.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2022.March 31, 2023. As noted above, realization of price increases has improved our margin profile along with the slowing of inflation. Additionally, most of the organic growth noted above comes frominflation for raw materials, especially in our AAON Oklahoma segment, significantly improving overall consolidated margin performance. As discussed above, production timing delays at our AAON Coil Products and BASX locations contributed to less overhead absorption and margin performance.performance, which resulted in a period over period decline in gross margin for our BASX has benefited from larger jobs as a result of the revenue synergies created by being part of AAON which allows them to have a higher production rate without increasing personnel.

segment.
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As shown in the table below, we've experienced year over year increases in the cost of several raw materials. We implemented multiple price increases during 2022 and 2023materials has started to counteract the increased cost of material. Some of the price increasescome down but we still have yet to be realized.seen inflation in our component parts that typically lag raw materials by 6-18 months. Additionally, in order to retain our existing employees, we have increased our starting wage rate considerably in recent years and continue to award periodic raises in additionwage increases to our annual merit raisesemployees. These additional costs have been offset by the various price increases we have put in place in the past two years and increases in our production efficiency that has led to our employees.increased overhead absorption.
Raw Material Costs
Three-month average raw material cost per pound as of September 30:March 31:
202420242023% Change
20232022% Change
Copper
Copper
CopperCopper$5.45 $5.83 (6.5)%$5.56 $$5.71 (2.6)(2.6)%
Galvanized steelGalvanized steel$0.59 $0.82 (28.0)%Galvanized steel$0.59 $$0.71 (16.9)(16.9)%
Stainless steelStainless steel$3.31 $2.94 12.6 %Stainless steel$2.73 $$3.35 (18.5)(18.5)%
AluminumAluminum$2.45 $2.55 (3.9)%Aluminum$2.33 $$2.32 0.4 0.4 %

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Three Months EndedPercent of Sales
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
20232022
(in thousands)
Three Months EndedThree Months EndedPercent of Sales
March 31,
2024
2024
2024
20242023
(in thousands)
Warranty
Warranty
WarrantyWarranty$4,248 $3,046 1.4 %1.3 %$3,398 $$2,408 1.3 1.3 %0.9 %
Profit sharingProfit sharing6,954 3,744 2.2 %1.5 %Profit sharing4,600 4,866 4,866 1.8 1.8 %1.8 %
Salaries & benefitsSalaries & benefits13,106 11,644 4.2 %4.8 %Salaries & benefits15,810 12,733 12,733 6.0 6.0 %4.8 %
Stock compensationStock compensation2,476 1,537 0.8 %0.6 %Stock compensation2,244 1,873 1,873 0.9 0.9 %0.7 %
AdvertisingAdvertising646 375 0.2 %0.2 %Advertising599 846 846 0.2 0.2 %0.3 %
Depreciation & amortizationDepreciation & amortization3,943 2,015 1.3 %0.8 %Depreciation & amortization3,870 2,645 2,645 1.5 1.5 %1.0 %
InsuranceInsurance1,403 902 0.4 %0.4 %Insurance1,971 1,233 1,233 0.8 0.8 %0.5 %
Professional feesProfessional fees9,914 1,304 3.2 %0.5 %Professional fees4,620 1,105 1,105 1.8 1.8 %0.4 %
DonationsDonations226 232 0.1 %0.1 %Donations170 125 125 0.1 0.1 %— %
OtherOther8,554 4,092 2.7 %1.7 %
Other
Other8,006 5,108 3.1 %1.9 %
Total SG&ATotal SG&A$51,470 $28,891 16.5 %11.9 %Total SG&A$45,288 $$32,942 17.3 17.3 %12.4 %
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $22.6$12.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 from the prior year period. Profit sharingSalaries and benefits increased $3.2$3.1 million or 85.7% due24.2%, which is primarily attributable to ouroverall increased operating results.headcount as well as the the impact of employee pay increases and benefit improvements discussed above. Included in the benefit improvements was a one-time charge of $0.8 million related to integration of BASX benefits. Depreciation and amortization has increased due to increased investments in back office technology and automation. Professional fees increased $8.6$3.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 due the litigation settlement (Note 17).various professional, regulatory, and legal corporate requirements. Other expenses increased $4.5$2.9 million or 109.0%56.7% during the three months ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 due mostly to increased travel, the closing of our New Markets Tax Credit transaction and consulting expenses.
Income Taxes
 Three Months EndedEffective Tax Rate
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
 20232022
(in thousands)
Income tax provision$15,413 $8,327 24.3 %23.3 %
 Three Months EndedEffective Tax Rate
March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
 20242023
(in thousands)
Income tax provision$7,792 $6,356 16.6 %14.7 %
The Company’s estimated annual 20232024 effective tax rate, excluding discrete events, is expected to be approximately 24.1%25.6%.
During the quarter, we saw increases in our tax rate due to the finalization and filing of our 2022 tax return that resulted primarily from lower than expected federal research and development tax credit. This was offset by a decrease in our tax rate as a result of higher estimated income for the State of Oklahoma and thus higher realization of our investment credit.


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Segment Operating Results for Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2023
Percent of Sales1
September 30, 2022
Percent of Sales1
 $ Change% Change
Net Sales2
AAON Oklahoma$666,670 77.4 %$476,517 75.1 %$190,153 39.9 %
AAON Coil Products89,262 10.4 %79,193 12.5 %10,069 12.7 %
BASX105,948 12.3 %78,480 12.4 %27,468 35.0 %
     Net sales$861,880 $634,190 $227,690 35.9 %
Cost of Sales2
AAON Oklahoma$435,267 65.3 %365,301 76.7 %$69,966 19.2 %
AAON Coil Products66,314 74.3 %52,849 66.7 %13,465 25.5 %
BASX73,018 68.9 %57,009 72.6 %16,009 28.1 %
     Cost of sales$574,599 66.7 %$475,159 74.9 %$99,440 20.9 %
Gross Profit2
AAON Oklahoma$231,403 34.7 %$111,216 23.3 %$120,187 108.1 %
AAON Coil Products22,948 25.7 %26,344 33.3 %(3,396)(12.9)%
BASX32,930 31.1 %21,471 27.4 %11,459 53.4 %
     Gross profit$287,281 33.3 %$159,031 25.1 %$128,250 80.6 %
1 Cost of sales and gross profit for each segment are calculated as a percentage of the respective segment's net sales. Total cost of sales and total gross profit are calculated as a percentage of total net sales.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 total net sales increased $227.7 million or 35.9%, with approximately 19.3% coming from realization of price increase and 16.6% coming from increases in organic volumes.
Gross profit as a percent of sales increased to 33.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to 25.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Total gross profit increased mostly due to the multiple price increases realized for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 counteracting the increasing cost of materials and labor. The increase in overall unit production volume, resulted in favorable labor and overhead efficiencies, improving absorption of fixed costs.
AAON Coil Products' gross profit as a percent of sales decreased to 25.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to 33.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 mostly due to less than optimal overhead absorption as discussed above. Start-up of production related to BASX units being built at AAON Coil Products was slower than anticipated and resulted in lower volumes.
The cost of our material fluctuates month-to-month. We implemented multiple price increases during 2022 and 2023 to counteract the increased cost of material. Some of the price increases have yet to be realized. Additionally, in order to retain our existing employees, we continue to award periodic raises in addition to our annual merit raises to our employees. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our gross profit decreased by approximately $3.7 million for changes in our paid time off policies and for payroll taxes and 401(k) matching contributions related to profit sharing payments and stock transactions as our stock reached record highs consistently during the first quarter.

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Raw Material Costs
Nine-month average raw material cost per pound as of September 30:
20232022% Change
Copper$5.68 $5.61 1.2 %
Galvanized steel$0.68 $0.97 (29.9)%
Stainless steel$3.33 $3.17 5.0 %
Aluminum$2.44 $2.09 16.7 %
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Nine Months EndedPercent of Sales
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
20232022
(in thousands)
Warranty$9,782 $6,556 1.1 %1.0 %
Profit sharing17,772 8,559 2.1 %1.3 %
Salaries & benefits39,229 31,419 4.6 %5.0 %
Stock compensation6,825 5,220 0.8 %0.8 %
Advertising2,505 2,006 0.3 %0.3 %
Depreciation & amortization9,812 5,768 1.1 %0.9 %
Insurance3,834 2,477 0.4 %0.4 %
Professional fees11,895 3,686 1.4 %0.6 %
Donations780 557 0.1 %0.1 %
Other21,250 12,632 2.5 %2.0 %
Total SG&A$123,684 $78,880 14.4 %12.4 %
Overall, selling, general and administrative expenses increased $44.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from the prior year period. Profit sharing increased $9.2 million or 107.6% due to our increased operating results. Professional fees increased $8.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 due the litigation settlement (Note 17). Other expenses increased $8.6 million or 68.2% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 due mostly to increased travel and closing costs related to the 2023 New Market Tax Credit (Note 16).
Income Taxes
 Nine months endedEffective Tax Rate
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
 20232022
(in thousands)
Income tax provision$29,447 $17,286 18.4 %21.9 %
The Company’s estimated annual 2023 effective tax rate, excluding discrete events, is expected to be approximately 24.1%.
The decrease in the overall effective tax rate was primarily due to the change in our valuation allowance from the discontinuation of our participation in the state of Oklahoma’s manufacturing property investment program. This change will allow the Company to utilize existing credit carryforwards in future tax years, eliminating the need for a valuation allowance against this deferred tax asset. The related valuation allowance was reversed resulting in a one-time benefit of $3.1 million to the estimated income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Additionally during the nine months ended September 30, 2023,March 31, 2024, the Company recorded an excess tax benefit of $6.3$4.4 million as compared to $1.3$3.8 million during the same period in 2022.2023. The increase was primarily dueexcess tax benefit is related to the timing of stock option exercises as a result of our high stock price during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2023.

-March 31, -


2024 and 2023, respectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our working capital and capital expenditure requirements are generally met through net cash provided by operations and the use of the revolving bank line of credit based on our current liquidity at the time.
Working Capital - Our unrestricted cash decreased $5.2increased $8.1 million from December 31, 20222023 to September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 and totaled $0.2$8.4 million at September 30, 2023.March 31, 2024. Our restricted cash increased $21.8$11.2 million from the closing of our recent New Markets Tax Credit related to our Longview, Texas Expansion.expansion. We expect most funds will be released from this account by the end of 2023. The funds will be used to pay down our revolving line of credit.2024. We have also seen increases in our current income tax payable due to the tax law changes surrounding the capitalization of research and development costs. This has increased our cash paid for income taxes.

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Revolving Line of Credit - Our revolving credit facility (as amended, "Revolver"), provides for maximum borrowings of $200.0 million. As of September 30, 2023 andMarch 31, 2024 we had no amounts outstanding under our Revolver. As of December 31, 2022,2023, we had $78.4$38.3 million and $71.0 million, respectively, outstanding under the Revolver. We had two standby letters of credit totaling $2.3 million as of September 30, 2023.March 31, 2024. At September 30, 2023,March 31, 2024, we have $119.3$197.7 million of borrowings available under the Revolver. The Revolver expires May 27, 2027. On April 20, 2023 weWe have amended the Revolver to allow for the occurrence of transactions associated with the New Markets Tax Credit executed on April 25, 2023transactions (Note 16).
Any outstanding loans under the Revolver bear interest at the daily compounded secured overnight financing rate ("SOFR") plus the applicable margin. Applicable margin, ranging from 1.25% - 1.75%, is determined quarterly based on the Company's leverage ratio. The Company is also subject to letter of credit fees, ranging from 1.25% - 1.75%, and a commitment fee, ranging from 0.10% - 0.20%. The applicable fee percentage is determined quarterly based on the Company's leverage ratio. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings outstanding on the Revolver was 6.5%6.6% and 6.3%6.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.March 31, 2024. Fees associated with the unused portion of the committed amount are included in interest expense on our consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 and 2022.2023.
If SOFR cannot be determined pursuant to the definition, as defined by the Revolver agreement, any outstanding effected loans will be deemed to have been converted into alternative base rate ("ABR") loans. ABR loans would bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the highest of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the Federal Funds Rate in effect on such day plus 0.50%, or (c) daily simple SOFR for a one-month tenor in effect on such day plus 1.00%.
At September 30, 2023,March 31, 2024, we were in compliance with our financial covenants, as defined by the Revolver. These covenants require that we meet certain parameters related to our leverage ratio. At September 30, 2023,March 31, 2024, our leverage ratio was 0.330.01 to 1.0, which meets the requirement of not being above 3 to 1.
2019 New Markets Tax Credit - On October 24, 2019, the Company entered into a transaction with a subsidiary of an unrelated third-party financial institution (the “2019 Investor”) and a certified Community Development Entity under a qualified New Markets Tax Credit (“2019 NMTC”) program pursuant to Section 45D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, related to an investment in plant and equipment to facilitate the expansion of our Longview, Texas manufacturing operations (the “2019 Project”). In connection with the NMTC transaction, the Company received a $23.0 million NMTC allocation for the 2019 Project and secured low interest financing and the potential for future debt forgiveness related to the expansion of its Longview, Texas facilities.
Upon closing of the 2019 NMTC transaction, the Company provided an aggregate of approximately $15.9 million to the Investor, in the form of a loan receivable, with a term of twenty-five years, bearing an interest rate of 1.0%. This $15.9 million in proceeds plus capital contributed from the Investor was used to make an aggregate $22.5 million loan to a subsidiary of the Company. This financing arrangement is secured by equipment at the Company's Longview, Texas facilities, and a guarantee from the Company, including an unconditional guarantee of the NMTCs.
2023 New Markets Tax Credit - On April 25, 2023, the Company entered into a transaction with a subsidiary of an unrelated third-party financial institution (the “2023 Investor”) and a certified Community Development Entity under a qualified New Markets Tax Credit (“2023 NMTC”) program pursuant to Section 45D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, related to an investment in plant and equipment to facilitate the expansion of our Longview, Texas manufacturing operations (the “2023 Project”). In connection with the 2023 NMTC transaction, the Company received a $23.0 million NMTC allocation for the 2023 Project and secured low interest financing and the potential for future debt forgiveness related to the expansion of its Longview, Texas facilities.
Upon closing of the 2023 NMTC transaction, the Company provided an aggregate of approximately $16.7 million to the Investor, in the form of a loan receivable, with a term of twenty-five years, bearing an interest rate of 1.0%. This $16.7 million in proceeds plus capital contributed from the Investor was used to make an aggregate $23.8 million loan to a subsidiary of the Company. This financing arrangement is secured by a guarantee from the Company, including an unconditional guarantee of the NMTCs. The unused net proceeds from the closing of the 2023 NMTC are included in restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets required to be used for the 2023 Project.
2024 New Markets Tax Credit
On February 27, 2024, the Company entered into a transaction with a subsidiary of an unrelated third-party financial institution (the “2024 Investor”) and a certified Community Development Entity under a qualified New Markets Tax Credit (“2024 NMTC”) program pursuant to Section 45D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, related to an investment in real estate to facilitate 2023 Project. In connection with the 2024 NMTC transaction, the Company received a $15.5 million NMTC allocation for the 2023 Project and secured low interest financing and the potential for future debt forgiveness related to the expansion of its Longview, Texas facilities.
Upon closing of the 2024 NMTC transaction, the Company provided an aggregate of approximately $11.0 million to the Investor, in the form of a loan receivable, with a term of twenty-five years, bearing an interest rate of 1.0%. This $11.0 million

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in proceeds plus capital contributed from the Investor was used to make an aggregate $16.0 million loan to a subsidiary of the Company. This financing arrangement is secured by a guarantee from the Company, including an unconditional guarantee of the NMTCs. The unused net proceeds from the closing of the 2024 NMTC are included in restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets required to be used for the 2023 Project.
Stock Repurchases - The Board has authorized one active stock repurchase program for the Company. The Board must authorize the timing and amount of these purchases and all repurchases are in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC allowing the Company to repurchase shares from the open market. On November 3, 2022,February 27, 2024, the Board of Directors approved an updated stock repurchase plan with repurchases under the plan not to exceed $50 million. The current repurchase plan will expire at the Board of Directors' discretion.
Our open market repurchase programs are as follows:
Effective DateAuthorized Repurchase $Expiration Date
March 13, 2020$20 millionNovember 9, 2022
November 3, 2022$50 millionFebruary 27, 2024
February 27, 2024$50 million
** 1, 2
1 Expiration Date is at Board's discretion. The Company is authorized to effectuate repurchases of the Company's common stock on terms and conditions approved in advance by the Board.
2 As of September 30, 2023,March 31, 2024, there is approximately $25.0$50.0 million remaining under the current stock repurchase program. The remaining amount available is subject to a Board authorized 10b5-1 plan requiring certain market conditions and requirements.
The Company repurchases shares of AAON, Inc. stock from employees for payment of statutory tax withholdings on stock transactions. All other repurchases from directors or employees are contingent upon Board approval. All repurchasesapproval and all shares are donerepurchased at current market prices.
Lastly, the Company also had a stock repurchase arrangement by which employee-participants in our 401(k) savings and investment plan were entitled to have shares in AAON, Inc. stock in their accounts sold to the Company. The 401(k) Plan was amended in June 2022 to discontinue this program. No additional shares have been purchased by the Company under this arrangement since June 2022.
Our repurchase activity is as follows:
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended
March 31, 2024March 31, 2024March 31, 2023
(in thousands, except share and per share data)(in thousands, except share and per share data)
ProgramProgram
Shares1
Total $
$ per share1
Shares1
Total $
$ per share1
Nine Months Ended
Employees
September 30, 2023September 30, 2022
Employees
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Program
Shares1
Total $
$ per share1
Shares1
Total $
$ per share1
Open market402,873 $25,009 $62.08 53,218 $2,030 $38.14 
401(k)— — — 155,904 5,913 37.93 
EmployeesEmployees20,218 1,202 59.45 24,889 978 39.29 
Total423,091 $26,211 $61.95 234,011 $8,921 $38.12 
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
Our repurchase activity since Company inception, including our current authorized stock repurchase programs, are as follows:
Inception toSeptember 30, 2023
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Inception to
Inception to
Inception toMarch 31, 2024
(in thousands, except share and per share data)(in thousands, except share and per share data)
ProgramProgram
Shares1
Total $
$ per share1
Program
Shares1
Total $
$ per share1
Open marketOpen market6,893,924 $106,625 $15.47 
401(k)401(k)12,462,552 171,789 13.78 
Directors and employeesDirectors and employees3,087,651 24,562 7.95 
TotalTotal22,444,127 $302,976 $13.50 
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

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Dividends - At the discretion of the Board, we pay cash dividends. Board approval is required to determine the date of declaration and amount for each cash dividend payment.
Our recent cash dividends are as follows:
Declaration Date1
Record DatePayment Date
Dividend
per Share2
 Annualized Dividend
per Share2
May 18, 2022June 3, 2022July 1, 2022$0.13$0.26
November 8, 2022November 28, 2022December 16, 2022$0.16$0.32
March 1, 2023March 13, 2023March 31, 2023$0.08$0.32
May 18, 2023June 9, 2023June 30, 2023$0.08$0.32
August 18, 2023September 8, 2023September 29, 2023$0.08$0.32
1 Effective with the cash dividend declared on March 1, 2023 (paid on March 31, 2023), the Company moved from semi-annual cash dividends to quarterly cash dividends.
2 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
Declaration DateRecord DatePayment Date
Dividend
per Share1
 Annualized Dividend
per Share1
March 1, 2023March 13, 2023March 31, 2023$0.08$0.32
May 18, 2023June 9, 2023June 30, 2023$0.08$0.32
August 18, 2023September 8, 2023September 29, 2023$0.08$0.32
November 10, 2023November 29, 2023December 18, 2023$0.08$0.32
March 5, 2024March 18, 2024March 29, 2024$0.08$0.32
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
On July 7, 2023, the Board of Directors declared a three-for-two stock split of the Company's common stock that was paid in the form of a stock dividend. Stockholders of record at the close of business on July 28, 2023 received one additional share for every two shares they held as of that date on August 16, 2023 (ex-dividend date August 17, 2023). All share and per share information has been updated to reflect the effects of this stock split.
Based on historical performance and current expectations, we believe our cash and cash equivalents balance, the projected cash flows generated from our operations, our existing committed revolving credit facility (or comparable financing) and our expected ability to access capital markets will satisfy our working capital needs, capital expenditures, and other liquidity requirements associated with our operations in 20232024 and the foreseeable future.


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Statement of Cash Flows
The following table reflects the major categories of cash flows for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 and 2022.2023. For additional details, see the consolidated financial statements.
Nine Months Ended
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended
September 30,
2023
September 30,
2022
March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Operating ActivitiesOperating Activities
Net Income Net Income$130,574 $61,478 
Net Income
Net Income
Income statement adjustments, net Income statement adjustments, net44,706 37,206 
Changes in assets and liabilities: Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable Accounts receivable(32,040)(63,593)
Income taxes Income taxes(12,472)3,782 
Inventories Inventories(18,547)(47,998)
Contract assets Contract assets(10,155)(3,843)
Prepaid expenses and other long-term assets Prepaid expenses and other long-term assets(896)(70)
Accounts payable Accounts payable(15,631)18,616 
Contract liabilities Contract liabilities(1,848)24,249 
Extended warranties Extended warranties2,049 730 
Accrued liabilities & other long-term liabilities Accrued liabilities & other long-term liabilities21,405 12,857 
Net cash provided by operating activities Net cash provided by operating activities107,145��43,414 
Investing ActivitiesInvesting Activities
Capital expenditures Capital expenditures(82,900)(41,586)
Cash paid for building (Note 18)— (22,000)
Cash paid in business combination, net of cash acquired— (249)
Capital expenditures
Capital expenditures
Software development expenditures
Other
Other
Other Other168 53 
Net cash used in investing activities Net cash used in investing activities(82,732)(63,782)
Financing ActivitiesFinancing Activities
Proceeds from financing obligations, net of issuance costs Proceeds from financing obligations, net of issuance costs6,061 — 
Proceeds from financing obligations, net of issuance costs
Proceeds from financing obligations, net of issuance costs
Payment related to financing costs Payment related to financing costs(398)— 
Borrowings under revolving credit facility Borrowings under revolving credit facility444,072 151,103 
Payments under revolving credit facility Payments under revolving credit facility(436,656)(114,812)
Principal payments on financing lease— (115)
Stock options exercised Stock options exercised25,251 10,990 
Repurchase of stock(25,009)(7,943)
Stock options exercised
Stock options exercised
Employee taxes paid by withholding shares
Employee taxes paid by withholding shares
Employee taxes paid by withholding shares Employee taxes paid by withholding shares(1,202)(978)
Cash dividends paid to stockholdersCash dividends paid to stockholders(19,946)(10,096)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities$(7,827)$28,149 
Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities
The Company currently manages cash needs through working capital as well as drawing on its line of credit. Collections and payments cycles are on a normal pattern and fluctuate due to timing of receipts and payments. In early 2022,
Historically, the Company began increasingincreased the purchase of inventory to take advantage of favorable pricing opportunities and also to mitigate the impact of future supply chain disruptions on our operations. Increasesoperations, however, as inflationary and supply chain disruptions have decreased, the Company has been able to reduce inventory levels. Additionally, increases in the timing of our customer prepayment as well as increases in our employee bonuses pools and benefits (as a result of our positive operating results) increased our cash provided by accrued liabilities.
Payment terms for BASX jobs typically require upfront cash to fund the job resulting in cash inflows related to our contract liabilities and cash inflows fluctuate due to job timing and scheduling.



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We have also seen increases in our current income tax payable due to the tax law changes surrounding the capitalization of research and development costs. This has increased our cash paid for income taxes.
The increase in our accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities is due litigation settlement (Note 17) accrued at September 30, 2023.
Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities
The capital expenditures for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 relate to our continued investment in our production capabilities. Purchases during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 relate to additional sheet metalinfrastructure and other machinery for both replacement and growth, additional production and warehouse space in our Redmond, Oregon and Longview, Texas locations, additional office spaceequipment and production capacity in Tulsa, Oklahoma,Parkville, Missouri, and additional land in Tulsa, Oklahoma for future growth, and a partial interestgrowth. We have also made investments to purchase or develop software for internal use in an airplane.anticipation of future Company growth. The capital expenditure program for 20232024 is estimated to be approximately $100.0$125.0 million. Many of these projects are subject to review and cancellation at the discretion of our CEO and Board of Directors without incurring substantial charges.
Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities
The change in cash from financing activities in 20232024 is primarily related to borrowings under our revolving credit facility to manage our working capital needs, especially strategic purchases of inventory to avoid supply chain delays and the funding of certain capital expenditures, offset by repayments we were able to make due to our increased operating results and financial condition.
Furthermore, cash flows from financing activities is historically affected by the timing of stock options exercised by our employees. Stock options exercised increased due to the increase in the number of employee options exercised and increase in our average stock priceexercises decreased during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 compared to the ninethree months ended September 30, 2022.
Additionally, we repurchased approximately 402,873 shares for approximately $25.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 under our current stock repurchase program (Note 15).
Effective with the cash dividend declared on March 1, 2023 (paid on March 31, 2023), the Company moved from semi-annual cash dividends to quarterly cash dividends. The third quarter dividend was paid on September 29, 2023.
Commitments and Contractual Obligations
We are occasionally party to short-term and long-term, cancellable and occasionally non-cancellable, contracts with suppliers for the purchase of raw material and component parts. We expect to receive delivery of raw material and component parts for use in our manufacturing operations. These contracts are not accounted for as derivative instruments because they meet the normal purchase and normal sales exemption. We had no material contractual purchase obligations as of September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 except as described below.
On April 27, 2022,In 2023, the Company entered intoexecuted a five-year purchase commitment for refrigerants. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and sale agreement with a third-party manufacturer to2023, the Company made payments of $3.6 million and $2.4 million, respectively, on this contract. Estimated minimum future payments are $8.3 million, $9.1 million, $10.5 million, and $11.2 million for 2024, 2025, 2026, and 2027, respectively. We had no other material contractual purchase certain assets to design and manufacture fan wheels for the purchase priceobligations as of $6.5 million. As of September 30, 2023, we have paid approximately $3.5 million related to this agreement, which is included in other long-term assets and property, plant and equipment, with the remaining $3.0 million included in accounts payable and other long-term assets on our consolidated balance sheets. The final payment was made on October 30, 2023.March 31, 2024.
Critical Accounting Policies
There have been no material changes in the Company’s critical accounting policies during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2023.March 31, 2024.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

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Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (or statements otherwise made by the Company or on the Company’s behalf from time to time in other reports, filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), news releases, conferences, website postings, presentations or otherwise) includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statements contained herein that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements and involve risks and uncertainties. For all of these forward-looking statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “expects”, “anticipates”, “intends”, “plans”, “believes”, “seeks”, “estimates”, “confident”, “outlook”, “project”, “should”, “will”, and variations of such words and other words of similar meaning or similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, which are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, among others:
market conditions and customer demand for our products;
the timing and extent of changes in raw material and component prices;

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naturally-occurring events, pandemics, and other disasters causing disruption to our manufacturing operations, product deliveries and production capacity;
the impact caused by inflationary cost pressures, national or global health issues, such as the coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”), any variants or similar outbreaks (including the response thereto) and their effects on, among other things, demand for our products, supply chain disruptions, our liquidity and financial position, results of operations, stock price, payment of dividends, our ability to secure new orders, our ability to convert backlog to revenue and impacts to the operations status of our facilities;
natural disasters and extreme weather conditions, including, without limitation, their effects on locations where our products are manufactured;
the effects of fluctuations in the commercial/industrial new construction market;
the timing of introduction and market acceptance of new products;
the timing and extent of changes in interest rates, as well as other competitive factors during the year;
general economic, market or business conditions;
tightening of labor markets and the ability to hire employees for continued growth
creditworthiness of our customers and their access to capital;
changing technologies;
the material failure, interruption of service, compromised data or information technology security, phishing emails, cybersecurity breaches or other impacts to our information technology and related systems and networks (including any of the foregoing of third-party vendors and other contractors who provide information technology or other services);
costs and results of litigation, including trial and appellate costs;
economic, market or business conditions in the specific industry and market in which our businesses operate;
future levels of capital expenditures, research and development and indebtedness, including, without limitation, our ability to reduce indebtedness and risks associated with the same;
legal, regulatory, and environmental issues, including, without limitation, compliance of our products with mandated standards and specifications; and
integration of acquired businesses and our ability to realize synergies and cost savings.
Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made. Except as required by federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events, occurrences or developments after the date on which such statement is made. For a discussion of risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements, please see Item 1A “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, and as otherwise disclosed from time to time in our other filings with the SEC.

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Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Commodity Price Risk
We are exposed to volatility in the prices of commodities used in some of our products and we may use cancellable and non-cancellable contracts with our major suppliers for periods of six to 18 months to manage this exposure.
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to changes in interest rates related to our outstanding debt. As of September 30, 2023,March 31, 2024, we had anno outstanding balance of $78.4 million. For each one percentage point increase in the interest rate applicable toon our outstanding debt, our annual income before taxes would decrease by approximately $0.8 million.Revolver.

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Item 4.  Controls and Procedures.
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer with the oversight of the Audit Committee, regarding the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
(c) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
See Note 17 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.2023. The risk factors described in our Annual Report could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results. There have been no material changes to the risk factors included in our 20222023 Annual Report.Report except as follows:

Risks Related to Governmental Regulation and Policies

We are subject to climate-related risks.
As climate change continues to be a challenge across the globe, AAON recognizes there are risks specifically related to climate. As mentioned before, there could be stricter regulations on refrigerants, energy efficiency, and the use of fossil fuels. The price of electricity could increase, or the Company’s operations could be affected by climate-change related weather events or water shortages. These risks could impact the Company on a short-term or long-term basis.
Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity and Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Stock Repurchases
The Company may repurchase AAON, Inc. stock on the open market from time to time. From inception through September 30, 2023,March 31, 2024, we have repurchased a total of approximately 6.9 million shares (at current market prices) under the various open market stock buyback programs for an aggregate price of $106.6 million, or an average price of $15.47 per share. The Board must authorize the timing and amount of these purchases and all repurchases are in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC allowing the Company to repurchase shares from the open market. On November 3, 2022, the Board of Directors approved an updated stock repurchase plan with repurchases under the plan not to exceed $50.0 million. The current repurchase plan will expire at the Board of Directors discretion.
The Company repurchases shares of AAON, Inc. stock from employees for payment of statutory tax withholdings on stock transactions. All other repurchases from directors or employees are contingent upon Board approval. All repurchasesapproval and all shares are donerepurchased at current market prices. From inception through September 30, 2023,March 31, 2024, we repurchased approximately 3.1 million shares (at current market prices) for an aggregate price of $24.6$27.7 million, or an average price of $7.95$8.86 per share.

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Lastly, the Company also had a stock repurchase arrangement by which employee-participants in our 401(k) Plan were entitled to have shares of AAON, Inc. stock in their accounts sold to the Company. The 401(k) Plan was amended in June 2022 to discontinue this program. From inception through September 30, 2023,March 31, 2024, we repurchased approximately 12.5 million shares (at current market prices) for an aggregate price of $171.8 million, or an average price of $13.78 per share.
Repurchases during the thirdfirst quarter of 20232024 were as follows:
 
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
PeriodPeriod
(a)
Total
Number
of Shares
(or Units)
Purchased1
(b)
Average
Price
Paid
Per Share
(or Unit)1
(c)
Total Number
of Shares (or
Units) Purchased
as part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs1
(d)
Maximum Number (or
Approximate Dollar
Value) of Shares (or
Units) that may yet be
Purchased under the
Plans or Programs
Period
(a)
Total
Number
of Shares
(or Units)
Purchased1
(b)
Average
Price
Paid
Per Share
(or Unit)1
(c)
Total Number
of Shares (or
Units) Purchased
as part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs1
(d)
Maximum Number (or
Approximate Dollar
Value) of Shares (or
Units) that may yet be
Purchased under the
Plans or Programs
July 2023177 $67.30 177 — 
August 2023403,187 62.07 403,187 — 
September 2023258 61.49 258 — 
January 2024
February 2024
March 2024
Total Total 403,622 $61.95 403,622 — 
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.
Contingent Shares Issued in BASX Acquisition
As discussed in Note 15, the Company declared a three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023. All share and per share information has been updated to reflect the effect of this stock split.
In December 2021, we closed on the acquisition of BASX. Under the MIPA Agreement, we committed to $78.0 million in the aggregate of contingent consideration to the former owners of BASX, which is payable in approximately 1.56 million shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.004 per share. The shares do not accrue dividends.
Under the MIPA Agreement, the potential future issuance of shares to the shares isformer owners of BASX was contingent upon BASX meeting certain post-closing earn-out milestones during each of the years ended 2021, 2022, and 2023. Based onIn March 2024, we issued the final allocation of the consideration paid, we estimated the fair value of contingent consideration related to these shares to be approximately $60.0 million, which is included in additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2023, 0.58 million shares and 0.73remaining 0.24 million shares related to the earn-out milestonesmilestone for the yearsyear ended 20222023. As a result of the shares issued in March 2024, the tax basis exceeded the book basis for consideration paid resulting in a deferred tax asset and 2021,an increase to additional paid-in capital of $6.4 million, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheet. The deferred tax asset is expected to be amortized over fifteen years. We previously issued 0.58 million shares in March 2023, related to the earn-out milestone for the year ended 2022. All shares have been issued to the former owners of BASX as private placements exempt from registration with the SEC under Rule 506(b), which and are included in common stock on the consolidated statements of stockholders' equity.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 4A.  Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
None.

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Item 5.  Other Information.
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements
The following table describes contracts, instructions or written plans for the purchase or sale of our securities intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c).
Name and Title of Director or OfficerDate of Adoption of ArrangementDuration of the ArrangementAggregate Number of Securities to be Purchased or Sold Pursuant to the Arrangement
Stephen E. WakefieldNovember 23, 2022Terminated May 17, 202395,788
Vice President and Chief Operating Officer
Stephen E. WakefieldSeptember 13, 2023Terminated December 27, 2023Expires August 30, 2024181,000
Vice President and Chief Operating Officer
Stephen E. WakefieldMarch 14, 2024March 14, 202529,946
Vice President
Item 6.  Exhibits.
 
Exhibit #Description
3.2Amended and Restated Bylaws of AAON, Inc. effective March 9, 2023 (i)
Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Certification by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Certification by Chief Executive Officer furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Certification by Chief Financial Officer furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2022;2023; (ii) our Consolidated Statements of Income for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 and 2022;2023; (iii) our Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 and 2022;2023; (iv) our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2023March 31, 2024 and 2022;2023; and (vi) the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
104Cover Page Interactive Data File pursuant to Rule 406 of Regulation S-T formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language) and contained in Exhibit 101.
(i)Incorporated herein by reference to the exhibit to our Form 8-K dated March 9, 2023.
 

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 AAON, INC.
   
   
Dated: November 06, 2023May 02, 2024By:/s/ Gary D. Fields
  
Gary D. Fields
 Chief Executive Officer
   
   
Dated: November 06, 2023May 02, 2024By:/s/ Rebecca A. Thompson
  Rebecca A. Thompson
Chief Financial Officer

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