SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒ | |
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020
or
☐ | |
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from - to - .
Commission File Number:
1-35740USA TRUCK INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| | |
| ||
Delaware | | 71-0556971 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
or organization) | | |
| | |
3200 Industrial Park Road | | |
Van Buren , Arkansas | | 72956 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | | (Zip Code) |
479-471-2500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| | |
Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s): | Name of each exchange on which registered: |
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value | USAK | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:
| | |
Large accelerated filer [ ] | Accelerated filer | Smaller reporting company |
Non-accelerated filer [ ] | | Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
YesThe number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, as of April 19, 2019,May 1, 2020, was 8,538,645.
USA TRUCK
INC.TABLE OF CONTENTS
| | | | | |||||
Item No. |
| Caption |
| Page | |||||
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| | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 | | 2 | |||||
| | | 3 | ||||||
| | | 4 | ||||||
| | | 5 | ||||||
| | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | | 6 | |||||
| Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | | 13 | ||||||
| | 26 | |||||||
| | 26 | |||||||
| | | | ||||||
| | 27 | |||||||
| | 27 | |||||||
| | 28 | |||||||
| | 28 | |||||||
| | 28 | |||||||
| | 28 | |||||||
| | 29 | |||||||
| | | 30 |
Item No. | Caption | Page | ||
1. | ||||
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 | ||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (unaudited) - Three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018 | ||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (unaudited) - Three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018 | ||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) - Three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018 | ||||
2. | ||||
3. | ||||
4. | ||||
1. | ||||
1A. | ||||
2. | ||||
3. | ||||
4. | ||||
5. | ||||
6. | ||||
USA TRUCK, INC. | |||||||
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS | |||||||
(UNAUDITED) | |||||||
(in thousands, except share data) | |||||||
Assets | March 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | |||||
Current assets: | |||||||
Cash | $ | 584 | $ | 989 | |||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $484 and $575, respectively | 63,345 | 57,189 | |||||
Other receivables | 4,474 | 5,688 | |||||
Inventories | 742 | 722 | |||||
Assets held for sale | 2,296 | 2,611 | |||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 7,102 | 7,675 | |||||
Total current assets | 78,543 | 74,874 | |||||
Property and equipment: | |||||||
Land and structures | 32,981 | 32,434 | |||||
Revenue equipment | 290,506 | 280,623 | |||||
Service, office and other equipment | 28,379 | 28,094 | |||||
Property and equipment, at cost | 351,866 | 341,151 | |||||
Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (115,811 | ) | (115,766 | ) | |||
Property and equipment, net | 236,055 | 225,385 | |||||
Operating leases - right of use assets | 15,433 | — | |||||
Goodwill | 5,231 | 4,926 | |||||
Other intangibles, net | 17,474 | 17,837 | |||||
Other assets | 1,713 | 1,003 | |||||
Total assets | $ | 354,449 | $ | 324,025 | |||
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||
Current liabilities: | |||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 29,934 | $ | 23,482 | |||
Current portion of insurance and claims accruals | 17,270 | 15,852 | |||||
Accrued expenses | 7,308 | 9,366 | |||||
Current maturities of finance leases | 17,574 | 17,292 | |||||
Current maturities of operating leases | 8,423 | — | |||||
Insurance premium financing | 2,144 | 4,435 | |||||
Total current liabilities | 82,653 | 70,427 | |||||
Deferred gain | 223 | 84 | |||||
Long-term debt | 92,450 | 85,300 | |||||
Finance leases, less current maturities | 54,396 | 53,460 | |||||
Operating leases, less current maturities | 7,010 | — | |||||
Deferred income taxes | 24,463 | 23,518 | |||||
Insurance and claims accruals, less current portion | 9,963 | 9,963 | |||||
Total liabilities | 271,158 | 242,752 | |||||
Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||
Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued | — | — | |||||
Common Stock, $0.01 par value; 30,000,000 shares authorized; issued 12,007,077 shares, and 12,011,495 shares, respectively | 120 | 120 | |||||
Additional paid-in capital | 62,392 | 66,433 | |||||
Retained earnings | 79,968 | 78,467 | |||||
Less treasury stock, at cost (3,420,044 shares, and 3,650,060 shares, respectively) | (59,189 | ) | (63,747 | ) | |||
Total stockholders’ equity | 83,291 | 81,273 | |||||
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 354,449 | $ | 324,025 |
ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
USA TRUCK INC.
(UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
2019 | 2018 | ||||||
Operating revenue | $ | 133,974 | $ | 125,013 | |||
Operating expenses | |||||||
Salaries, wages and employee benefits | 36,090 | 32,237 | |||||
Fuel and fuel taxes | 13,631 | 13,479 | |||||
Depreciation and amortization | 8,818 | 7,180 | |||||
Equipment rent | 2,720 | 2,718 | |||||
Insurance and claims | 7,280 | 5,602 | |||||
Operations and maintenance | 7,273 | 7,961 | |||||
Purchased transportation | 48,281 | 49,038 | |||||
Operating taxes and licenses | 1,117 | 502 | |||||
Communications and utilities | 767 | 713 | |||||
Gain on disposal of assets, net | (145 | ) | (169 | ) | |||
Restructuring, impairment and other costs (reversal) | — | (639 | ) | ||||
Other | 4,221 | 3,999 | |||||
Total operating expenses | 130,053 | 122,621 | |||||
Operating income | 3,921 | 2,392 | |||||
Other expenses | |||||||
Interest expense, net | 1,741 | 818 | |||||
Other, net | 137 | 120 | |||||
Total other expenses, net | 1,878 | 938 | |||||
Income before income taxes | 2,043 | 1,454 | |||||
Income tax expense | 542 | 419 | |||||
Consolidated net income and comprehensive income | $ | 1,501 | $ | 1,035 | |||
Net earnings per share | |||||||
Average shares outstanding (basic) | 8,375 | 8,035 | |||||
Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.18 | $ | 0.13 | |||
Average shares outstanding (diluted) | 8,399 | 8,040 | |||||
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.18 | $ | 0.13 |
Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Par Value | |||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2018 | 12,012 | $ | 120 | $ | 66,433 | $ | 78,467 | $ | (63,747 | ) | $ | 81,273 | ||||||||||
Issuance of treasury stock | — | — | (4,558 | ) | — | 4,558 | — | |||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation | — | — | 589 | — | — | 589 | ||||||||||||||||
Net share settlement related to restricted stock vesting | (5 | ) | — | (72 | ) | — | — | (72 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | 1,501 | — | 1,501 | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2019 | 12,007 | $ | 120 | $ | 62,392 | $ | 79,968 | $ | (59,189 | ) | $ | 83,291 |
Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Total | |||||||||||||
Shares | Par Value | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2017 | 12,142 | 121 | 68,667 | 65,460 | (67,760 | ) | 66,488 | ||||||||||
Issuance of treasury stock | — | — | (2,094 | ) | — | 2,094 | — | ||||||||||
Stock-based compensation | — | — | (136 | ) | — | — | (136 | ) | |||||||||
Forfeited restricted stock | (49 | ) | �� | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||
Net share settlement related to restricted stock vesting | (2 | ) | — | (40 | ) | — | — | (40 | ) | ||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | 1,035 | — | 1,035 | |||||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2018 | 12,091 | 121 | 66,397 | 66,495 | (65,666 | ) | 67,347 |
| | | | | |
Assets | March 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 | ||
Current assets: | (in thousands, except share data) | ||||
Cash | $ | 85 | | $ | 97 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $654 and $369, respectively |
| 53,223 | |
| 49,853 |
Other receivables |
| 9,896 | |
| 5,408 |
Inventories |
| 719 | |
| 769 |
Assets held for sale |
| 245 | |
| 2,542 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
| 8,822 | |
| 7,855 |
Total current assets |
| 72,990 | |
| 66,524 |
Property and equipment: |
|
| |
|
|
Land and structures |
| 34,000 | |
| 33,077 |
Revenue equipment |
| 317,329 | |
| 309,573 |
Service, office and other equipment |
| 30,388 | |
| 30,235 |
Property and equipment, at cost |
| 381,717 | |
| 372,885 |
Accumulated depreciation and amortization |
| (133,808) | |
| (124,216) |
Property and equipment, net |
| 247,909 | |
| 248,669 |
Operating leases - right of use assets | | 9,830 | | | 11,775 |
Goodwill | | 5,231 | |
| 5,231 |
Other intangibles, net |
| 16,113 | |
| 16,453 |
Other assets |
| 1,478 | |
| 2,058 |
Total assets | $ | 353,551 | | $ | 350,710 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |
|
| |
|
|
Current liabilities: |
|
| |
|
|
Accounts payable | $ | 26,387 | | $ | 29,421 |
Current portion of insurance and claims accruals |
| 11,575 | |
| 12,466 |
Accrued expenses |
| 7,982 | |
| 6,518 |
Current finance lease obligations | | 29,363 | | | 30,779 |
Current operating lease obligations | | 4,602 | | | 6,050 |
Long-term debt, current maturities | | 4,613 | | | 6,165 |
Total current liabilities |
| 84,522 | |
| 91,399 |
Deferred gain |
| 46 | |
| 80 |
Long-term debt, less current maturities | | 95,501 | | | 83,349 |
Long-term finance lease obligations | | 56,847 | | | 58,397 |
Long-term operating lease obligations | | 5,347 | | | 5,812 |
Deferred income taxes |
| 25,769 | |
| 24,017 |
Insurance and claims accruals, less current portion |
| 9,445 | |
| 9,445 |
Total liabilities |
| 277,477 | |
| 272,499 |
Stockholders’ equity: |
|
| |
|
|
Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued |
| — | |
| — |
Common Stock, $0.01 par value; 30,000,000 shares authorized; issued 11,961,748 shares, and 11,987,572 shares, respectively |
| 120 | |
| 120 |
Additional paid-in capital |
| 59,325 | |
| 63,238 |
Retained earnings |
| 71,218 | |
| 73,769 |
Less treasury stock, at cost (3,222,972 shares, and 3,434,231 shares, respectively) |
| (54,589) | |
| (58,916) |
Total stockholders’ equity |
| 76,074 | |
| 78,211 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 353,551 | | $ | 350,710 |
See
accompanyingnotes to condensed consolidated financial statements.2
USA TRUCK, INC. | |||||||
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS | |||||||
(UNAUDITED) | |||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
2019 | 2018 | ||||||
Operating activities: | |||||||
Net income | $ | 1,501 | $ | 1,035 | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 8,818 | 7,180 | |||||
Deferred income tax, net | 945 | (949 | ) | ||||
Share-based compensation | 589 | (136 | ) | ||||
Gain on disposal of assets, net | (145 | ) | (169 | ) | |||
Reversal of previously recorded restructuring, impairment and other costs | — | (639 | ) | ||||
Other | 139 | (51 | ) | ||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||
Accounts receivable | (4,942 | ) | (1,230 | ) | |||
Inventories and prepaid expenses | (403 | ) | (598 | ) | |||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 754 | 9,734 | |||||
Insurance and claims accruals | 1,418 | 1,369 | |||||
Other long-term assets and liabilities | (710 | ) | 61 | ||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 7,964 | $ | 15,607 | |||
Investing activities: | |||||||
Acquisition of Davis Transfer Company (net of cash) | (305 | ) | — | ||||
Capital expenditures | (17,041 | ) | (307 | ) | |||
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | 5,858 | 1,308 | |||||
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | $ | (11,488 | ) | $ | 1,001 | ||
Financing activities: | |||||||
Borrowings under long-term debt | 12,050 | 5,878 | |||||
Payments on long-term debt | (6,235 | ) | (16,138 | ) | |||
Payments on finance lease obligations | (3,110 | ) | (6,373 | ) | |||
Net change in bank drafts payable | 486 | — | |||||
Net payments for tax withholdings for vested stock-based awards | (72 | ) | (40 | ) | |||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $ | 3,119 | $ | (16,673 | ) | ||
Decrease in cash | (405 | ) | (65 | ) | |||
Cash: | |||||||
Beginning of period | 989 | 71 | |||||
End of period | $ | 584 | $ | 6 | |||
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | |||||||
Cash paid during the period for: | |||||||
Interest | $ | 1,482 | $ | 834 | |||
Income taxes | — | — | |||||
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities: | |||||||
Purchases of revenue equipment included in accounts payable | $ | 3,214 | $ | — |
USA TRUCK INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF (LOSS) INCOME AND
COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
(UNAUDITED)
| | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | | ||||
| | March 31, | | ||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| ||
| | (in thousands, except per share data) | |||||
Operating revenue | | $ | 126,773 | | $ | 133,974 | |
| | | | | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | |
Salaries, wages and employee benefits | |
| 35,845 | |
| 36,090 | |
Fuel and fuel taxes | |
| 11,863 | |
| 13,631 | |
Depreciation and amortization | |
| 10,011 | |
| 8,818 | |
Insurance and claims | |
| 5,857 | |
| 7,280 | |
Equipment rent | |
| 2,292 | |
| 2,720 | |
Operations and maintenance | |
| 8,896 | |
| 7,273 | |
Purchased transportation | |
| 47,814 | |
| 48,281 | |
Operating taxes and licenses | |
| 1,159 | |
| 1,117 | |
Communications and utilities | |
| 813 | |
| 767 | |
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets, net | |
| 38 | |
| (145) | |
Other | |
| 4,497 | |
| 4,221 | |
Total operating expenses | |
| 129,085 | |
| 130,053 | |
Operating (loss) income | |
| (2,312) | |
| 3,921 | |
| | | | | | | |
Other expenses: | |
|
| |
|
| |
Interest expense, net | |
| 1,684 | |
| 1,741 | |
Other, net | |
| 46 | |
| 137 | |
Total other expenses, net | |
| 1,730 | |
| 1,878 | |
(Loss) income before income taxes | |
| (4,042) | |
| 2,043 | |
Income tax (benefit) expense | |
| (1,491) | |
| 542 | |
| | | | | | | |
Consolidated net (loss) income and comprehensive (loss) income | | $ | (2,551) | | $ | 1,501 | |
| | | | | | | |
Net (loss) earnings per share: | |
|
| |
|
| |
Average shares outstanding (basic) | |
| 8,633 | |
| 8,375 | |
Basic (loss) earnings per share | | $ | (0.30) | | $ | 0.18 | |
| | | | | | | |
Average shares outstanding (diluted) | |
| 8,633 | |
| 8,399 | |
Diluted (loss) earnings per share | | $ | (0.30) | | $ | 0.18 | |
| | | | | | | |
See
accompanyingnotes tocondensedconsolidated financial statements.
3
USA TRUCK INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| Common Stock |
| Additional |
| | |
| | |
| | | ||||
| | | | Par | | Paid-in | | Retained | | Treasury | | | | ||||
| | Shares | | Value | | Capital | | Earnings | | Stock | | Total | |||||
| | (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2019 |
| 11,988 | | $ | 120 | | $ | 63,238 | | $ | 73,769 | | $ | (58,916) | | $ | 78,211 |
Issuance of treasury stock |
| — | |
| — | |
| (4,327) | |
| — | |
| 4,327 | |
| — |
Stock-based compensation |
| — | |
| — | |
| 471 | |
| — | |
| — | |
| 471 |
Forfeited restricted stock | | (15) | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | | | — |
Net share settlement related to restricted stock vesting |
| (11) | |
| — | |
| (57) | |
| — | |
| — | |
| (57) |
Net loss |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| (2,551) | |
| — | |
| (2,551) |
Balance at March 31, 2020 |
| 11,962 | | $ | 120 | | $ | 59,325 | | $ | 71,218 | | $ | (54,589) | | $ | 76,074 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| Common Stock |
| Additional |
| | |
| | |
| | | ||||
| | | | Par | | Paid-in | | Retained | | Treasury | | | | ||||
| | Shares | | Value | | Capital | | Earnings | | Stock | | Total | |||||
| | (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2018 |
| 12,012 | | $ | 120 | | $ | 66,433 | | $ | 78,467 | | $ | (63,747) | | $ | 81,273 |
Issuance of treasury stock |
| — | |
| — | |
| (4,558) | |
| — | |
| 4,558 | |
| — |
Stock-based compensation |
| — | |
| — | |
| 589 | |
| — | |
| — | |
| 589 |
Net share settlement related to restricted stock vesting |
| (5) | |
| — | |
| (72) | |
| — | |
| — | |
| (72) |
Net income |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| 1,501 | |
| — | |
| 1,501 |
Balance at March 31, 2019 |
| 12,007 | | $ | 120 | | $ | 62,392 | | $ | 79,968 | | $ | (59,189) | | $ | 83,291 |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
USA TRUCK INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
| | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 | ||
Operating activities: | | (in thousands) | ||||
Net (loss) income | | $ | (2,551) | | $ | 1,501 |
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |
| | |
| |
Depreciation and amortization | |
| 10,011 | |
| 8,818 |
Deferred income tax, net | |
| 1,752 | |
| 945 |
Share-based compensation | |
| 471 | |
| 589 |
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets, net | |
| 38 | |
| (145) |
Other | |
| 33 | |
| 139 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |
| | |
| |
Accounts and other receivables | |
| (6,600) | |
| (4,942) |
Inventories and prepaid expenses | |
| (917) | |
| (403) |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | |
| 109 | |
| 754 |
Insurance and claims accruals | |
| (594) | |
| 1,418 |
Other long-term assets and liabilities | |
| 581 | |
| (710) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | $ | 2,333 | | $ | 7,964 |
Investing activities: | |
|
| |
| |
Acquisition of Davis Transfer Company (net of cash) | |
| — | |
| (305) |
Capital expenditures | | | (11,137) | | | (17,041) |
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | | | 1,036 | | | 5,858 |
Net cash used in investing activities | | $ | (10,101) | | $ | (11,488) |
Financing activities: | |
|
| |
|
|
Borrowings under long-term debt | |
| 21,025 | |
| 12,050 |
Payments on long-term debt | |
| (10,425) | |
| (6,235) |
Principal payments on financing lease obligations | |
| (4,150) | |
| (3,110) |
Net change in bank drafts payable | |
| 1,363 | |
| 486 |
Net payments for tax withholdings for vested stock-based awards | |
| (57) | |
| (72) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | $ | 7,756 | | $ | 3,119 |
Decrease in cash | | | (12) | | | (405) |
Cash: | |
|
| |
|
|
Beginning of period | |
| 97 | |
| 989 |
End of period | | $ | 85 | | $ | 584 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | |
|
| |
|
|
Cash paid during the period for: | |
|
| |
|
|
Interest | | $ | 1,450 | | $ | 1,482 |
Income taxes | |
| 5 | |
| — |
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing: | |
| | |
|
|
Sales of revenue equipment included in accounts receivable | | $ | 1,259 | | $ | — |
Purchase of revenue equipment included in accounts payable | | | — | | | 3,214 |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
March 31, 2019
NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the opinion of the managementaccounts and operations of USA Truck Inc., and present our financial position as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and the accompanying unauditedresults of our operations, comprehensive (loss) income and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.
These condensed consolidated financial statements have beenand notes are prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for interim reporting and do not include all of the information normally included with financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles generally accepted in(“GAAP”) of the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted. All normal recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results forStates. Additionally, the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2019.Company has elected to utilize certain abbreviated reporting requirements available to smaller reporting companies. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotesnotes thereto included in the Company'sour Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
These condensed consolidated financial statements and notes are unaudited. However, in the opinion of management, these condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the periods presented. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2020.
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include USA Truck Inc., and its wholly owned subsidiaries: International Freight Services, Inc. ("IFS"(“IFS”), a Delaware corporation; Davis Transfer Company Inc. (“DTC”), a Georgia corporation, ("DTC"), Davis Transfer Logistics Inc. (“DTL”), a Georgia corporation, ("DTL"), and B & G Leasing, L.L.C. (“B & G”), a Georgia limited liability company, ("company. Collectively, B & G," and collectively with DTC, and DTL "Daviscomprise “Davis Transfer Company")Company”. References in this report to “it,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company,” and similar expressions refer to USA Truck Inc. and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements. Certain amounts reported in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Change in estimate
The Company adoptedreviews the new standard beginningestimated useful lives and salvage values of its fixed assets on an ongoing basis, based upon, among other things, our experience with similar assets, conditions in the used revenue equipment market, and prevailing industry practice. During the first quarter of 2019 using a modified retrospective transition approach, which includes a number2020, the Company lowered the salvage value of practical expedients. The effectits tractor fleet from 30% to 25% to better reflect current estimates of the adoptionvalue of such equipment upon its retirement. This change is reflected withinbeing accounted for as a change in estimate. During the financial statementsquarter ended March 31, 2020, this change in estimate resulted in an increase in depreciation and Note 10.
Risks and Uncertainties
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) a contract with a customer. The Company recognizes revenue over time, as contractual performance obligations are satisfied by transferringglobal pandemic, and the benefitPresident of the serviceUnited States declared the COVID-19 outbreak a national emergency. The rapid spread of the pandemic and the continuously evolving responses to combat it have had an increasingly negative impact on the global economy. In view of the rapidly changing business environment, unprecedented market volatility and heightened degree of uncertainty resulting from COVID-19, we are currently unable to fully determine its future impact on our customer. The benefit is transferred tobusiness. However, we are monitoring the customer asprogression of the service is providedpandemic, further government response and revenue is recognized accordingly via time-based metrics. A corresponding contract assetdevelopment of $1.5 milliontreatments and $1.1 million was recordedvaccines and their potential effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity. These events could have an impact in future periods on certain estimates used in the March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 balance sheets, respectively, in the Accounts receivable line item. The Company is entitled to receive payment as it satisfies performance obligations with customers. The amount of remaining performance obligations relating to loads in process at 11:59 pm as of the end of each reporting period was deemed to be immaterial. Our business consists of two reportable segments, Trucking and USAT Logistics. For more detailed information about our reportable segments, see Note 4.
6
Accounting standards issued but not yet adopted
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). This update requires measurement and recognition of expected versus incurred credit losses for financial assets held. For smaller reporting companies, ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are recognized as revenue throughoutcurrently evaluating the service provided. effect of adopting ASU 2016-13.
NOTE 2 – REVENUE RECOGNITION
The following tables set forth revenue disaggregated by revenue type and segment (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue type | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trucking | USAT Logistics | Eliminations | Total | Trucking | USAT Logistics | Eliminations | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Freight | 81,423 | 36,630 | (2,210 | ) | 115,843 | 66,917 | 40,973 | (608 | ) | 107,282 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fuel surcharge | 11,765 | 3,842 | (167 | ) | 15,440 | 11,175 | 3,559 | — | 14,734 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Accessorial | 1,714 | 977 | — | 2,691 | 754 | 2,243 | — | 2,997 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 94,902 | $ | 41,449 | $ | (2,377 | ) | $ | 133,974 | $ | 78,846 | $ | 46,775 | $ | (608 | ) | $ | 125,013 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Trucking |
| USAT Logistics |
| Eliminations |
| Total |
| Trucking |
| USAT Logistics |
| Eliminations |
| Total | ||||||||
Revenue type | (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Freight | $ | 80,903 | | $ | 31,667 | | $ | (2,874) | | $ | 109,696 | | $ | 81,423 | | $ | 36,630 | | $ | (2,210) | | $ | 115,843 |
Fuel surcharge |
| 11,287 | |
| 3,077 | |
| (172) | |
| 14,192 | |
| 11,765 | | | 3,842 | | | (167) | |
| 15,440 |
Accessorial |
| 1,804 | |
| 1,081 | |
| — | |
| 2,885 | |
| 1,714 | | | 977 | | | — | |
| 2,691 |
Total | $ | 93,994 | | $ | 35,825 | | $ | (3,046) | | $ | 126,773 | | $ | 94,902 | | $ | 41,449 | | $ | (2,377) | | $ | 133,974 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had contract assets of $1.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively.
NOTE
The Company’s two2 reportable segments are Trucking and USAT Logistics. In determining its reportable segments, the Company's managementCompany’s chief operating decision maker focuses on financial information, such as operating revenue, operating expense categories, operating ratios and operating income, as well as on key operating statistics, to make operating decisions.
Trucking
. Trucking is comprised of one-way truckload and dedicated freight motor carrier services. Truckload provides motor carrier services as a medium-haul common and contract carrier. USA Truck has provided truckload motor carrier services since its inception, and continues to derive the largest portion of its gross revenue from these services. Dedicated freight provides truckload motor carrier services to specific customers for movement of freight over particular routes at specified times.USAT Logistics.
USATRevenue equipment assets are not allocated to USAT Logistics as freight services for customers are brokered through arrangements with third-party motor carriers who utilize their own equipment. To the extent rail intermodal or other USAT Logistics operations require the use of Company-owned assets, they are obtained from the Company’s Trucking segment on an as-needed basis. Depreciation and amortization expense is allocated to USAT Logistics based on the Company-owned assets specifically utilized to generate USAT Logistics revenue. All intercompany transactions between segments reflect rates similar to those that would be negotiated with independent third parties. All other expenses for USAT Logistics are specifically identifiable direct costs or are allocated to USAT Logistics based on relevant cost drivers, as determined by management.
7
| | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | ||||
| | March 31, | ||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 | ||
Operating revenue | | (in thousands) | ||||
Trucking revenue (1) | | $ | 93,994 | | $ | 94,902 |
Trucking intersegment eliminations | |
| (994) | |
| (341) |
Trucking operating revenue | |
| 93,000 | |
| 94,561 |
USAT Logistics revenue | |
| 35,825 | |
| 41,449 |
USAT Logistics intersegment eliminations | |
| (2,052) | |
| (2,036) |
USAT Logistics operating revenue | |
| 33,773 | |
| 39,413 |
Total operating revenue | | $ | 126,773 | | $ | 133,974 |
| | | | | | |
Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
Operating revenue | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||
Trucking revenue (1) | $ | 94,902 | $ | 78,846 | ||||
Trucking intersegment eliminations | (341 | ) | (113 | ) | ||||
Trucking operating revenue | 94,561 | 78,733 | ||||||
USAT Logistics revenue | 41,449 | 46,775 | ||||||
USAT Logistics intersegment eliminations | (2,036 | ) | (495 | ) | ||||
USAT Logistics operating revenue | 39,413 | 46,280 | ||||||
Total operating revenue | $ | 133,974 | $ | 125,013 |
Includes foreign revenue of |
A summary of operating (loss) income (loss) by segment is as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
Operating income (loss) | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||
Trucking | $ | 1,609 | $ | (464 | ) | |||
USAT Logistics | 2,312 | 2,856 | ||||||
Total operating income | $ | 3,921 | $ | 2,392 |
| | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | ||||
| | March 31, | ||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 | ||
Operating (loss) income | | (in thousands) | ||||
Trucking | | $ | (1,688) | | $ | 1,609 |
USAT Logistics | |
| (624) | |
| 2,312 |
Total operating (loss) income | | $ | (2,312) | | $ | 3,921 |
| | | | | | |
A summary of depreciation and amortization by segment is as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||
Trucking | $ | 8,579 | $ | 7,026 | ||||
USAT Logistics | 239 | 154 | ||||||
Total depreciation and amortization | $ | 8,818 | $ | 7,180 |
| | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | ||||
| | March 31, | ||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 | ||
Depreciation and amortization | | (in thousands) | ||||
Trucking | | $ | 9,776 | | $ | 8,579 |
USAT Logistics | |
| 235 | |
| 239 |
Total depreciation and amortization | | $ | 10,011 | | $ | 8,818 |
| | | | | | |
NOTE
The Company adopted the 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”) in May 2014. The Incentive Plan replaced the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan and provided for the granting of up to 500,000 shares of common stock through equity-based awards to directors, officers and other key employees and consultants. The First Amendment to the Incentive Plan was adopted in May 2017, which, among other things, increased the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the Incentive Plan by an additional 500,000 shares. The Second Amendment to the Incentive Plan was adopted in May 2019, which, among other things, increased the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the Incentive Plan by an additional 500,000 shares. As of March 31, 2019, 56,4122020, 462,253 shares remain available under the Incentive Plan for the issuance of future equity-based compensation awards.
8
March 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||
Amortization period (years) | Gross Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net intangible assets | ||||||||||
Trade name | Indefinite | $ | 5,000 | $ | — | $ | 5,000 | ||||||
Non-compete agreement | 2 | 140 | 20 | 120 | |||||||||
Customer relationships | 10 | 12,900 | 546 | 12,354 | |||||||||
Total intangible assets | $ | 18,040 | $ | 566 | $ | 17,474 |
Trucking | USAT Logistics | ||||||
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 4,926 | $ | — | |||
Working capital adjustment | 305 | — | |||||
Balance at March 31, 2019 | $ | 5,231 | $ | — |
2019 | $ | 996 | |
2020 | 1,346 | ||
2021 | 1,288 | ||
2022 | 1,288 | ||
2023 | 1,288 | ||
2024 | 1,288 | ||
Thereafter | 4,980 | ||
Total | $ | 12,474 |
NOTE 75 – ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued expenses consistedconsist of the following (in thousands):
Accrued expenses | March 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | |||||
Salaries, wages and employee benefits | $ | 4,274 | $ | 5,775 | |||
Federal and state tax accruals | 1,679 | 1,898 | |||||
Other (1) | 1,355 | 1,693 | |||||
Total accrued expenses | $ | 7,308 | $ | 9,366 |
| | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 | ||
| | (in thousands) | ||||
Salaries, wages and employee benefits | | $ | 5,221 | | $ | 3,668 |
Federal and state tax accruals | |
| 1,582 | |
| 1,648 |
Other (1) | |
| 1,179 | |
| 1,202 |
Total accrued expenses | | $ | 7,982 | | $ | 6,518 |
| | | | | | |
Long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):
March 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | ||||||
Revolving credit agreement | $ | 92,450 | $ | 85,300 |
| | | | | |
| March 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 | ||
| (in thousands) | ||||
Revolving credit agreement | $ | 86,000 | | $ | 73,225 |
Sale leaseback finance obligations | | 11,138 | | | 11,783 |
Insurance premium financing (2019) | | 2,976 | | | 4,506 |
| | 100,114 | | | 89,514 |
Less current maturities | | (4,613) | | | (6,165) |
Total long-term debt | $ | 95,501 | | $ | 83,349 |
| | | | | |
Credit facility
On January 31, 2019, USA Truck, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"),the Company, entered into a five years,year, $225.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the "New Credit Facility"“Credit Facility”) with a group of lenders and the AgentBank of America, N.A., as agent (the “Agent”) pursuant to the terms of an Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement that amends and restatesAgreement. The Credit Facility replaced the terms of the Company'sCompany’s previous five years,year, $170.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility dated February 15, 2015.
The Credit Facility is structured as a $225.0$170.0 million revolving credit facility, with an accordion feature that, so long as no event of default exists, allows the Company to request an increase in the revolving credit facility of up to $75.0 million, exercisable in increments of at least $20.0 million. The Credit Facility is a five year facility scheduled to terminate on January 31, 2024. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are classified as either “base rate loans” or “LIBOR loans”. Base rate loans accrue interest at a base rate equal to the Agent’s prime rate plus an applicable margin set at 0.25% through June 30, 2019, and adjusted quarterly thereafter between 0.25% and 0.75% based on the Company’s consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio. LIBOR loans accrue interest at the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus an applicable margin set at 1.25% through June 30, 2019, and adjusted quarterly thereafter between 1.25% and 1.75% based on the Company’s consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio. The Credit Facility includes, within its $225.0$170.0 million revolving credit facility, a letter of credit sub-facility in an aggregate amount of $15.0 million and a swingline sub-facility (the “Swingline”) in an aggregate amount of $25.0 million. An unused line fee of 0.25% is applied to the average daily amount by which the lenders’ aggregate revolving commitments exceed the outstanding principal amount of revolver loans and the aggregate undrawn amount of all outstanding letters of credit issued under the Credit Facility. The Credit Facility is secured by a pledge of substantially all of the Company’s assets, except for any real estate or revenue equipment financed outside the Credit Facility.
Borrowings under the Credit Facility are subject to a borrowing base limited to the lesser of (A) $225.0$170.0 million; or (B) the sum of (i) 90%90.0% of eligible investment grade accounts receivable (reduced to 85%85.0% in certain situations), plus (ii) 85%85.0% of eligible non-investment grade accounts receivable, plus (iii) the lesser of (a) 85%85.0% of eligible unbilled accounts receivable and (b) $10.0 million, plus (iv) the product of 85%85.0% multiplied by the net orderly liquidation value percentage applied to the net book value of eligible revenue equipment, plus (v) 85%85.0% multiplied by the net book value of otherwise eligible newly acquired revenue equipment that has not yet been subject to an appraisal. The borrowing
9
base is reduced by an availability reserve, including reserves based on dilution and certain other customary reserves.
The Credit Facility contains a single financial covenant, which requires a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.0 to 1.0 that is triggered in the event excess availability under the Credit Facility falls below 10%10.0% of the lenders’ total commitments. Also, certain restrictions regarding the Company’s ability to pay dividends, make certain investments, prepay certain indebtedness, execute share repurchase programs and enter into certain acquisitions and hedging arrangements are triggered in the event excess availability under the Credit Facility falls below 10%20.0% of the lenders’ total commitments.
The Company had noapproximately $0.1 million in borrowings under the Swingline as of March 31, 2019.2020. The average interest rate including all borrowings made under the Credit Facility as of March 31, 20192020 was 3.88%2.99%. As debt is repriced on a monthly basis, the borrowings under the Credit Facility approximate fair value. As of March 31, 2019,2020, the Company had outstanding $5.4$7.4 million in letters of credit outstanding and had approximately $50.0$37.9 million available to borrow under the Credit Facility.
Sale-leaseback transactions
In making this determination, we consider all relevant economic factors that would compel us to exercise or not exercise an option.
In April 2019, the Company entered into a sale-leaseback transaction whereby it sold tractors for approximately $10.5 million and concurrently entered into a finance lease payments when their exerciseagreement for the sold tractors with a five year term. Under the lease agreement, the Company paid an initial monthly payment of approximately $0.1 million. At the end of the lease, the Company has the option to purchase the tractors for the greater of fair market value or 32.5% of the original cost. This transaction does not qualify for sale-leaseback accounting due to the option to repurchase the tractors and is consideredtherefore treated as a financing obligation.
Insurance premium financing
In October 2019, the Company entered into a short-term agreement to be reasonably certain.
NOTE 7 – LEASES
The components of lease expense for each of the three months ended March 31, 2019periods presented are as follows (in thousands):follows:
| | | | | |
| March 31, 2020 | | March 31, 2019 | ||
| (in thousands) | ||||
Operating lease costs | $ | 2,166 |
| $ | 2,159 |
Finance lease costs: | | | | | |
Amortization of assets |
| 4,723 | |
| 2,691 |
Interest on lease liabilities |
| 790 | |
| 546 |
Total finance lease costs |
| 5,513 | |
| 3,237 |
Variable and short-term lease costs |
| 127 | |
| 561 |
Total lease costs | $ | 7,806 |
| $ | 5,957 |
| | | | | |
10
Three Months Ended | |||
March 31, 2019 | |||
Operating lease costs | $ | 2,159 | |
Finance lease costs: | |||
Amortization of assets | 2,691 | ||
Interest on lease liabilities | 546 | ||
Total finance lease costs | 3,237 | ||
Variable and short-term lease costs | 561 | ||
Total lease costs | $ | 5,957 |
Supplemental information and balance sheet location related to leases is as follows (in thousands, except lease term and discount rate):
Three Months Ended | |||
Operating leases: | March 31, 2019 | ||
Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | 15,433 | |
Current maturities of operating leases | 8,423 | ||
Non-current operating leases | 7,010 | ||
Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 15,433 | |
Finance leases: | |||
Property, plant and equipment, at cost | 80,307 | ||
Accumulated amortization | (18,250 | ) | |
Property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 62,057 | |
Current maturities of long-term debt | 17,574 | ||
Long-term debt and finance leases | 54,396 | ||
$ | 71,970 | ||
Weighted average remaining lease term (in months): | |||
Operating leases | 22 months | ||
Finance leases | 36 months | ||
Weighted average discount rate: | |||
Operating leases | 4.13 | % | |
Finance leases | 2.46 | % |
| | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 | ||||
Operating leases: | (dollars in thousands) | ||||||
Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | 9,830 |
| $ | 11,775 | ||
| | | | | | | |
Current operating lease obligations |
| 4,602 | |
| 6,050 | ||
Long-term operating lease obligations |
| 5,347 | |
| 5,812 | ||
Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 9,949 | | $ | 11,862 | ||
| | | | | | | |
Finance leases: | | | |
| | | |
Property and equipment, at cost |
| 121,421 | |
| 120,236 | ||
Accumulated amortization |
| (35,464) | |
| (30,990) | ||
Property and equipment, net | $ | 85,957 | | $ | 89,246 | ||
| | | | | | | |
Current finance lease obligations |
| 29,363 | |
| 30,779 | ||
Long-term finance lease obligations |
| 56,847 | |
| 58,397 | ||
| $ | 86,210 | | $ | 89,176 | ||
| | | | | | | |
Weighted average remaining lease term: |
| (in months) | |
| (in months) | ||
Operating leases |
| 47 months | |
| 45 months | ||
Finance leases |
| 41 months | |
| 44 months | ||
| | | | | | | |
Weighted average discount rate: | | | | | | | |
Operating leases |
| 4.02 | % | |
| 4.03 | % |
Finance leases |
| 3.34 | % | |
| 3.34 | % |
| | | | | | | |
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended | |||
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of liabilities: | March 31, 2019 | ||
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 2,067 | |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | 546 | ||
Financing cash flows from finance leases | 3,110 | ||
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities: | |||
Operating leases | 563 | ||
Finance leases | $ | 4,327 |
Finance Leases | Operating Leases | ||||||
2019 | $ | 18,811 | $ | 5,927 | |||
2020 | 21,629 | 5,810 | |||||
2021 | 7,325 | 1,493 | |||||
2022 | 7,325 | 1,015 | |||||
2023 | 17,133 | 653 | |||||
Thereafter | 2,451 | 1,394 | |||||
Total lease payments | 74,674 | 16,292 | |||||
Less: Imputed interest | (2,704 | ) | (859 | ) | |||
Total lease obligations | 71,970 | 15,433 | |||||
Less: Current obligations | (17,574 | ) | (8,423 | ) | |||
Long-term lease obligations | $ | 54,396 | $ | 7,010 |
| | | | | |
| March 31, 2020 | | March 31, 2019 | ||
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of liabilities: | (in thousands) | ||||
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 33 | | $ | 2,067 |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | | 790 | | | 546 |
Financing cash flows from finance leases | | 4,150 | | | 3,110 |
| | | | | |
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities: | | | | | |
Operating leases | | — | | | 563 |
Finance leases | | 1,184 | | | 4,327 |
| | | | | |
OTHER COMMITMENTS
As of March 31, 2019,2020, the Company had $27.7$7.3 million in noncancellable commitments for purchasesacquisition of both revenue and non-revenue equipment. We anticipate funding these commitments with cash flows from operating and financing activities.
RELATED PARTY LEASE
In the normal course of business, the Company leases office and shop space from a related party under a monthly operating lease. Rent expense for this space was approximately $0.04 million for the periodthree months ended March 31, 2019,2020 and 2019. This expense is included in the "Operations“Operations and maintenance"maintenance” line item in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of (loss) income and comprehensive (loss) income.
11
NOTE11 8 – INCOME TAXES
During the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, the Company’s effective tax rate was 26.5%36.9% and 28.8%26.5%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate, when compared to the federal statutory rate of 21%, is primarily affected by state income taxes, net of federal income tax effect for the current year periods, and permanent differences, the most significant of which is the effect of the partially non-deductible per diem pay structure for our drivers. Drivers may elect to receive non-taxable per diem pay in lieu of a portion of their taxable wages. This per diem program increases the Company’s drivers’ net pay per mile, after taxes, while decreasing gross pay, before taxes. Per diem pay is partially non-deductible by the Company under current IRS regulations. As a result, salaries, wages and employee benefits costs are slightly lower and effective income tax rates are higher than the statutory rate. Due to the partially non-deductible effect of per diem pay, the Company’s tax rate will change based on fluctuations in earnings (losses) and in the number of drivers who elect to receive this pay structure. Generally, as pretax income or loss increases, the impact of the driver per diem program on the Company’s effective tax rate decreases, because aggregate per diem pay becomes smaller in relation to pretax income or loss, while in periods where earnings are at or near breakeven the impact of the per diem program on the Company’s effective tax rate can be significant.
As of March 31, 2020, the Company had an income tax receivable of approximately $5.0 million presented in the “Other receivables” line item in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020 our effective tax rate during the period was higher than the statutory rate primarily as a result of changes stemming from the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) enacted during the period, which allows a 5 year federal net operating loss carryback for federal income tax purposes to tax periods where the federal statutory rate was 35%, resulting in an increased tax benefit. During the first quarter of 2019, the Company’s tax rate was negatively affected by vesting of equity-based compensation at a lower stock price than the price at which it was granted, as well as a non-deductible officer compensation, resulting in an increase to tax expense and the effective tax rate.
The Company has historically calculated the provision for income taxes during interim reporting periods by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the full fiscal year to “ordinary” income or loss (pretax income or loss excluding unusual or infrequently occurring discrete items) for the reporting period. We determined that since small changes in estimated “ordinary” income would result in significant changes in the estimated annual effective tax rate, the historical method would not provide a reliable estimate. As such, we have used a cut-off method to calculate taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):share:
| | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | ||||
| | March 31, | ||||
|
| 2020 |
| 2019 | ||
Numerator: | | (in thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||
Net (loss) income | | $ | (2,551) | | $ | 1,501 |
Denominator: | |
|
| |
|
|
Denominator for basic earnings (loss) per share – weighted average shares | |
| 8,633 | |
| 8,375 |
Effect of dilutive securities: | |
|
| |
|
|
Employee restricted stock and incentive stock options | |
| — | |
| 24 |
Denominator for diluted earnings (loss) per share – adjusted weighted average shares and assumed conversion | |
| 8,633 | |
| 8,399 |
Basic (loss) earnings per share | | $ | (0.30) | | $ | 0.18 |
Diluted (loss) earnings per share | | $ | (0.30) | | $ | 0.18 |
Weighted average anti-dilutive employee restricted stock and incentive stock options | |
| 439 | |
| 260 |
| | | | | | |
12
Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
Numerator: | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||
Net income | $ | 1,501 | $ | 1,035 | ||||
Denominator: | ||||||||
Denominator for basic earnings per share – weighted average shares | 8,375 | 8,035 | ||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: | ||||||||
Employee restricted stock and incentive stock options | 24 | 5 | ||||||
Denominator for diluted earnings per share – adjusted weighted average shares and assumed conversion | 8,399 | 8,040 | ||||||
Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.18 | $ | 0.13 | ||||
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.18 | $ | 0.13 | ||||
Weighted average anti-dilutive employee restricted stock and incentive stock options | 260 | — |
NOTE 13
The Company is party to routine litigation incidental to its business, primarily involving claims for personal injury and property damage incurred in the transportation of freight. The Company maintains insurance to cover liabilities in excess of certain self-insured retention levels. Though management believes these claims to be immaterial to the Company’s long-term financial position, adverse results of one or more of these claims could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations in any given reporting period.
Accrued Balance December 31, 2018 | Costs Incurred | Payments | Expenses/ Charges | Accrued Balance March 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||
Severance costs included in salaries, wages and employee benefits | $ | 247 | $ | 319 | $ | (189 | ) | $ | — | $ | 377 |
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
Costs incurred | 2019 | 2018 | |||||
Trucking | $ | 319 | $ | 484 | |||
USAT Logistics | — | 227 | |||||
Total | $ | 319 | $ | 711 |
December 31, 2018 | |||||||||||
As Reported | Adjustments | As Adjusted | |||||||||
Accounts receivable, net | $ | 56,003 | $ | 1,186 | $ | 57,189 | |||||
Other receivables | 5,104 | 584 | 5,688 | ||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 7,224 | 451 | 7,675 | ||||||||
Accounts payable | 22,453 | 1,029 | 23,482 | ||||||||
Accrued expenses | 8,977 | 389 | 9,366 | ||||||||
Retained earnings | 77,664 | 803 | 78,467 | ||||||||
Total stockholders' equity | 80,470 | 803 | 81,273 |
ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
Forward-Looking Statements
This report
containscertain statements that may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”) and such statements are subject to the safe harbor created by those sections, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. All statements, other than statements of historical or current fact, are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements, including without limitation:● | any projections of earnings, revenue, costs, or other financial items; |
● | any statement of projected future operations or processes; |
● | any statement of plans, strategies, goals, and objectives of management for future operations; |
● | any statement concerning acquisitions, or proposed new services or developments; |
● | any statement regarding future economic conditions or performance; |
● | any statement of belief and any statement of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing; and |
● | any statement about the expected impact, evolution, duration or severity of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic, including our anticipated actions and responses thereto and the potential impact on our business, operations, customers, employees, financial results and financial condition. |
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, statements relating to:
● | risks resulting from outbreaks or other public health crises, including COVID-19, |
● | future driver market, |
● | future ability to grow market share, |
● | future driver and customer-facing employee compensation, |
● | future ability and cost to recruit and retain drivers and customer-facing employees, |
● | future asset utilization, |
● | the amount, timing and price of future acquisitions and dispositions of revenue equipment, size and age of the Company’s fleet, mix of fleet between Company-owned and independent contractors and anticipated gains or losses resulting from dispositions, |
● | future depreciation and amortization expense, including useful lives and salvage values of equipment and intangible assets, |
● | future safety performance, |
● | future profitability, |
● | future industry capacity, |
● | future efforts of restructuring actions, |
● | future deployment of technology, including front and inside-facing event recorders, |
● | future pricing rates and freight network, |
● | future fuel prices and surcharges, fuel efficiency and hedging arrangements, |
● | future insurance and claims and litigation expense, |
● | future salaries, wages and employee benefits costs, |
● | future purchased transportation use and expense, |
● | future operations and maintenance costs, |
● | future USAT Logistics growth and profitability, |
13
● | future trends in operating expenses expected to result from growing our USAT Logistics business and increasing independent contractors, |
● | future asset sales of non-revenue assets, |
● | future impact of regulations, including enforcement of the ELD mandate, |
● | future use of derivative financial instruments, |
● | our strategy, |
● | our intention about the payment of dividends, |
● | inflation, |
● | future indebtedness, |
● | future liquidity and borrowing availability and capacity, |
● | the impact of pending and future litigation and claims, |
● | future availability and compliance with covenants under our revolving credit facility, |
● | expected amount and timing of capital expenditures, |
● | future equipment market, |
● | expected liquidity and sources of capital resources, including the mix of financing and operating leases, |
● | future size of the independent contractor fleet, and |
● | future income tax rates. |
among others, are forward-looking statements. Such statements may be identified by their use of terms or phrases such as “expects,” “estimates,” “projects,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “focus,” “intends,” “plans,” “goals,” “may,” “will,“if,” ”would,“will,” “should,” “could,” “potential,” “continue,” “future” and similar terms and phrases. Forward-looking statements are based on currently available operating, financial, and competitive information. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified, which could cause future events and actual results to differ materially from those set forth in, contemplated by, or underlying the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled “Item 1.A, Risk Factors,” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
All such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The Company expressly disclaims any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in management’s expectations with regard thereto or any change in the events, conditions or circumstances on which any such information is based, except as required by law.
All forward-looking statements attributable to us, or persons acting on our behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.
References to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar terms refer to USA Truck Inc. and its subsidiary.
Overview
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“(“MD&A”&A”) is intended to help the reader more fully understand the operations and present business environment of USA Truck Inc. MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and other financial information that appears elsewhere in this report. This overview summarizes the MD&A, which includes the following sections:
Business
Overview – a general description of our business, the organization of our operations and the service offerings that comprise our operations.Results of Operations
– an analysis of the consolidated results of operations for the periods presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this filing and a discussion of seasonality, the potential impact of inflation and fuel availability and cost.Liquidity and Capital Resources
– an analysis of cash flows, sources and uses of cash, debt, equity and contractual obligations.14
Business Overview
USA Truck offers a broad range of truckload motor carrier and freight brokerage and logistics services to a diversified customer base that spans a variety of industries. The Company has two reportable segments: (i) Trucking, consisting of one-way truckload motor carrier services, in which volumes typically are not contractually committed, and dedicated contract motor carrier services, in which a combination of equipment and drivers is contractually committed to a particular customer, typically for a duration of at least one year, subject to certain cancellation rights, and (ii) USAT Logistics, consisting of freight brokerage, logistics, and rail intermodal service offerings.
The Trucking segment provides one-way truckload transportation, including dedicated services, of various products, goods and materials. The Trucking segment primarily uses its own purchased or leased tractors and trailers or capacity provided by independent contractors to provide services to customers and is commonly referred to as “asset-based” trucking. The Company’s USAT Logistics services match customer shipments with available equipment of authorized third-party motor carriers and other service providers and provide services that complement the Company’s Trucking operations. USAT Logistics provides these services primarily to many existing Trucking customers, many of whom prefer to rely on a single service provider, or a small group of service providers, to provide all their transportation solutions.
Revenue for the Company’s Trucking segment is substantially generated by transporting freight for customers, and is predominantly affected by the rates per mile, received from customers, the number of tractors in operation, and the number of revenue-generating miles per tractor. The Company supplements its Trucking operatingalso generates revenue by charging forthrough fuel surcharge and ancillary services such as stop-off charges,pay, loading and unloading activities, tractor and trailer detention, expeditedexpediting charges, repositioning charges and other similar services.
Operating expenses that have a major impact on the profitability of the Trucking segment fall into two categories: variable and fixed. Variable costs,expenses, or mostly variable costs,expenses, constitute the majority of the costsexpenses associated with transporting freight for customers, and include driver wages and benefits, fuel and fuel taxes, payments to independent contractors, for purchased transportation, operating and maintenance expense and insurance and claims expense. These costsexpenses vary primarily according to miles operated, but also have controllable components based on percentage of compensated miles, shop and dispatch efficiency, and safety and claims experience.
Fixed expenses, or mostly fixed costs,expenses, include the capital costs of our assets (depreciation, amortization, rent and interest), compensation of non-driving employees and portions of insurance and maintenance expenses. These expenses are partially controllable through management of fleet size and facilities infrastructure, headcount efficiency, and operating safely.
Fuel and fuel tax expense can fluctuate significantly with changes in diesel fuel prices and is one of our most volatile variable expenses.prices. To mitigate the Company’s exposure to fuel price increases, it recovers from its customers fuel surcharges that historically have recouped a majority of the increased fuel costs; however, the Company cannot assure the recovery levels experienced in the past will continue in future periods. Although the Company’s fuel surcharge program mitigates some exposure to rising fuel costs, the Company continues to have exposure to increasing fuel costs related to emptydeadhead miles, out-of-route miles, fuel inefficiency due to engine idle time and other factors, including the extent to which the surchargesurcharges paid by the customer iscustomers are insufficient to compensate for higher fuel costs, particularly in times of rapidly increasing fuel prices. The main factors that affect fuel surcharge revenue are the price of diesel fuel and the number of loaded miles. The fuel surcharge is billed on a lagging basis, meaning the Company typically bills customers in the current week based on the previous week’s applicable United States Department of Energy or DOE, index.(the “DOE”) Diesel Fuel Index. Therefore, in times of increasing fuel prices, the Company does not recover as much in fuel surcharge revenue as it pays for fuel. In periods of declining prices, the opposite is true.
The key statistics used to evaluate Trucking segment performance, in each case net of fuel surcharge revenue, include (i) base revenue per available tractor per week, (ii) base revenue per loaded mile, (iii) loaded miles per available tractor per week, (iv) deadhead percentage, (v) average loaded miles per trip, (vi) average number of available tractors and (vii) adjusted operating ratio. In general, the Company’s loaded miles per available tractor per week, base revenue per loaded mile and deadhead percentage are affected by industry-wide freight volumes, industry-wide trucking capacity and the competitive environment, which factors are mostly beyond the Company’s control. Factors over which the Company has significant control as well as byare its sales and marketing efforts, service levels and operational efficiency of its operations, over whichoperations.
Unlike the Company has significant control.
15
wages and employee benefits. The Company evaluates the financial performance of the USAT Logistics segment by reviewing gross margin (USAT Logistics operating revenue less USAT Logistics purchased transportation expense) and the gross margin percentage (USAT Logistics operating revenue less USAT Logistics purchased transportation expense expressed as a percentage of USAT Logistics operating revenue). The grossGross margin can be impacted by the rates charged to customers and the costs of securing third-party capacity. USAT Logistics often achieves better gross margins during periods of imbalance between supply and demand than times of balanced supply and demand, although periods of transition to tight capacity also can compress margins.
We plan to continue our focus on improving results through disciplinedongoing network management andengineering initiatives, pricing discipline, enhanced partnerships with customers, and improved execution in our day-to-day operations, as well as our ongoing safety initiatives. By focusing on these key objectives, management believes it will make progress on its goals of improving the Company’s operating performance and increasing stockholder value.
COVID-19
In late 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China, which has since spread globally. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Further, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in government authorities in the United States and around the world implementing numerous measures to try to reduce the spread of COVID-19, such as travel bans and restrictions, social distancing, quarantines, shelter in place or total lock-down orders and business limitations and shutdowns.
Local, state and national governments continue to emphasize the importance of transportation and have designated it an essential service. Employee safety is our first priority, and as a result, we put certain measures in place. We have instituted work from home for administrative employees, eliminated business travel, enforced social distancing, distributed personal protective equipment to our employees and increased sanitation.
We believe we have sufficient liquidity to satisfy our cash needs, however, we continue to evaluate and take action, as necessary, to preserve adequate liquidity and ensure that our business can continue to operate during these challenging and uncertain times. The overall impact of COVID-19 on our consolidated results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was not material and for this period the adverse effects were primarily limited to our bad debt. However, the impact that COVID-19 will have on our consolidated results of operations throughout 2020 remains uncertain. Based on the length and severity of COVID-19, we may experience decreases in the demand for our services. We will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of these potential impacts to our business, consolidated results of operations, segment results, liquidity and capital resources.
16
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth the condensed consolidated statements of (loss) income and comprehensive (loss) income in dollars (in thousands) and percentage of consolidated operating revenue and the percentage increase or decrease in the dollar amounts (in thousands) of those items compared to the prior year.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | ||||||||||||
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | ||||||||||
|
| | |
| |
| Adjusted |
| | |
| |
| Adjusted |
| Change | |
| | | | | Operating | | Operating | | | | | Operating | | Operating | | in Dollar | |
| | | | | Revenue | | Ratio (1) | | | | | Revenue | | Ratio (1) | | Amounts | |
|
| $ |
| % |
| % |
| $ |
| % |
| % |
| % | | ||
| | (dollars in thousands) | | ||||||||||||||
Base revenue | | $ | 112,581 |
| 88.8 | % |
| | $ | 118,534 |
| 88.5 | % |
| | (5.0) | % |
Fuel surcharge revenue | |
| 14,192 |
| 11.2 | |
| |
| 15,440 |
| 11.5 | |
| | (8.1) | |
Operating revenue | | | 126,773 |
| 100.0 | |
| | | 133,974 |
| 100.0 | |
| | (5.4) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses | |
| 129,085 |
| 101.8 | | 101.7 | |
| 130,053 |
| 97.1 | | 96.1 | | (0.7) | |
Operating (loss) income | |
| (2,312) |
| (1.8) | | | |
| 3,921 |
| 2.9 | | | | (159.0) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other expenses: | |
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
| |
| | | |
Interest expense | |
| 1,684 |
| 1.3 | |
| |
| 1,741 |
| 1.3 | |
| | (3.3) | |
Other, net | |
| 46 |
| 0.0 | |
| |
| 137 |
| 0.1 | |
| | (66.4) | |
Total other expenses, net | |
| 1,730 |
| 1.4 | |
| |
| 1,878 |
| 1.4 | |
| | (7.9) | |
(Loss) income before income taxes | |
| (4,042) |
| (3.2) | |
| |
| 2,043 |
| 1.5 | |
| | (297.8) | |
Income tax (benefit) expense | |
| (1,491) |
| (1.2) | |
| |
| 542 |
| 0.4 | |
| | (375.1) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consolidated net (loss) income | | $ | (2,551) |
| (2.0) | % |
| | $ | 1,501 |
| 1.1 | % |
| | (270.0) | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Adjusted operating ratio is calculated as operating expenses excluding severance costs included in salaries, wages and employee benefits and amortization of acquisition related intangibles, net of fuel surcharge revenue, as a percentage of operating revenue excluding fuel surcharge revenue. Adjusted operating ratio is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Information”, “Consolidated Reconciliations” and “Segment Reconciliations” below for the uses and limitations associated with adjusted operating ratio and other non-GAAP financial measures. |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||
$ | % Operating Revenue | % Adjusted Operating Ratio (1) | $ | % Operating Revenue | % Adjusted Operating Ratio (1) | % Change in Dollar Amounts | ||||||||||||||||
Base revenue | $ | 118,534 | 88.5 | % | $ | 110,279 | 88.2 | % | 7.5 | % | ||||||||||||
Fuel surcharge revenue | 15,440 | 11.5 | 14,734 | 11.8 | 4.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Operating revenue | $ | 133,974 | 100.0 | $ | 125,013 | 100.0 | 7.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 130,053 | 97.1 | % | 96.1 | % | 122,621 | 98.1 | % | 97.8 | % | 6.1 | % | ||||||||||
Operating income | 3,921 | 2.9 | 2,392 | 1.9 | 63.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Other expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 1,741 | 1.3 | 818 | 0.7 | 112.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Other, net | 137 | 0.1 | 120 | 0.1 | 14.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Total other expenses, net | 1,878 | 1.4 | 938 | 0.8 | 100.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | 2,043 | 1.5 | 1,454 | 1.2 | 40.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense | 542 | 0.4 | 419 | 0.3 | 29.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Consolidated net income | $ | 1,501 | 1.1 | % | $ | 1,035 | 0.8 | % | 45.0 | % |
Use of Non-GAAP Financial Information
The Company uses the terms “adjusted operating ratio” and “adjusted earnings (loss) per diluted share”, and “adjusted operating income (loss)” throughout this Form 10-Q.MD&A. Adjusted operating ratio, and adjusted earnings (loss) per diluted share, and adjusted operating income (loss), as defined here, are non-GAAP financial measures as defined by the SEC. Management uses adjusted operating ratio, and adjusted earnings (loss) per diluted share, and adjusted operating income (loss) as supplements to the Company’s GAAP results in evaluating certain aspects of its business, as discussed below.
Adjusted operating ratio is calculated as operating expenses excluding restructuring, impairment and other costs, severance costs included in salaries, wages and employee benefits and amortization of acquisition related intangibles, and transaction costs relating to acquisition, net of fuel surcharge revenue, as a percentage of operating revenue excluding fuel surcharge revenue. Adjusted earnings (loss) per diluted share is defined as earnings (loss) per diluted share plus the per share impact of restructuring, impairment and other costs, severance costs included in salaries, wages and employee benefits and transaction costsamortization of acquisition related to acquisition,intangibles, plus or minus the per share tax impact of those adjustments using a statutory income tax rate. The per share impact of each item is determined by dividing it by the weighted average diluted shares outstanding.
The Company’s chief operating decision-makers focusdecision-maker focuses on adjusted operating ratio, and adjusted earnings (loss) per diluted share and adjusted operating income (loss) as indicators of the Company’s performance from period to period.
Management believes removing the impact of the above described items from the Company’s operating results affords a more consistent basis for comparing results of operations. Management believes its presentation of adjusted operating ratio, and adjusted earnings (loss) per diluted share and adjusted operating income (loss) is useful to investors and other users because it provides them the same information that we use internally for purposes of assessing our core operating performance.
17
Adjusted operating ratio and adjusted earnings (loss) per diluted share are not substitutes for operating margin or any other measure derived solely from GAAP measures. There are limitations to using non-GAAP measures such as adjusted operating ratio, and adjusted earnings (loss) per diluted share.share and adjusted operating income (loss). Although management believes that adjusted operating ratio, and adjusted earnings (loss) per diluted share and adjusted operating income (loss) can make an evaluation of the Company’s operating performance more consistent because these measures remove items that, in management’s opinion, do not reflect its core operating performance, other companies in the transportation industry may define adjusted operating ratio, and adjusted earnings (loss) per diluted share and adjusted operating income (loss) differently. As a result, it may be difficult to use adjusted operating ratio, adjusted earnings (loss) per diluted share and adjusted operating income (loss) or similarly named non-GAAP measures that other companies may use, to compare the performance of those companies to USA Truck’s performance.
Pursuant to the requirements of Regulation S-K, reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP financial measures have been provided in the tables below (dollar amounts in thousands).below.
Consolidated Reconciliation
| | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | ||||
| March 31, | | ||||
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| ||
| (in thousands) | |||||
Operating revenue | $ | 126,773 | | $ | 133,974 | |
Less: Fuel surcharge revenue | | (14,192) | | | (15,440) | |
Base revenue | $ | 112,581 | | $ | 118,534 | |
Operating expense |
| 129,085 | |
| 130,053 | |
Adjusted for: |
|
| |
|
| |
Severance costs included in salaries, wages, and employee benefits |
| (92) | |
| (319) | |
Amortization of acquisition related intangibles | | (340) | |
| (363) | |
Fuel surcharge revenue |
| (14,192) | |
| (15,440) | |
Adjusted operating expense | $ | 114,461 | | $ | 113,931 | |
Operating (loss) income | $ | (2,312) | | $ | 3,921 | |
Adjusted operating (loss) income | $ | (1,880) | | $ | 4,603 | |
Operating ratio | | 101.8 | % | | 97.1 | % |
Adjusted operating ratio |
| 101.7 | % | | 96.1 | % |
Adjusted (loss) earnings per diluted share
| | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | ||||
| | March 31, | ||||
| | 2020 |
| 2019 | ||
| | (in thousands) | ||||
(Loss) earnings per diluted share |
| $ | (0.30) |
| $ | 0.18 |
Adjusted for: | | | | | | |
Severance costs included in salaries, wages and employee benefits | |
| 0.01 | |
| 0.04 |
Amortization of acquisition related intangibles | |
| 0.04 | |
| 0.04 |
Income tax effect of adjustments | |
| (0.01) | |
| (0.02) |
Adjusted (loss) earnings per diluted share |
| $ | (0.26) |
| $ | 0.24 |
| | | | | | |
18
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
Operating revenue | $ | 133,974 | $ | 125,013 | ||||
Less: Fuel surcharge revenue | (15,440 | ) | (14,734 | ) | ||||
Base revenue | 118,534 | 110,279 | ||||||
Operating expense | 130,053 | 122,621 | ||||||
Adjusted for: | ||||||||
Severance costs included in salaries, wages and employee benefits | (319 | ) | (711 | ) | ||||
Restructuring, impairment and other costs (reversal) | — | 639 | ||||||
Amortization of acquisition related intangibles | (363 | ) | — | |||||
Fuel surcharge revenue | (15,440 | ) | (14,734 | ) | ||||
Adjusted operating expense | $ | 113,931 | $ | 107,815 | ||||
Operating ratio | 97.1 | % | 98.1 | % | ||||
Adjusted operating ratio | 96.1 | % | 97.8 | % |
Segment Reconciliations
| | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | ||||
Trucking Segment | March 31, | | ||||
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| ||
| (in thousands) | |||||
Operating revenue | $ | 93,000 | | $ | 94,561 | |
Intersegment activity |
| 994 | |
| 341 | |
Operating revenue (before intersegment eliminations) |
| 93,994 | |
| 94,902 | |
Less: fuel surcharge revenue (before intersegment eliminations) |
| (11,287) | |
| (11,765) | |
Base revenue | $ | 82,707 | | $ | 83,137 | |
Operating expense (before intersegment eliminations) | $ | 95,682 | | $ | 93,293 | |
Adjusted for: |
|
| |
|
| |
Severance costs included in salaries, wages, and employee benefits |
| (92) | | | (319) | |
Amortization of acquisition related intangibles |
| (340) | | | (363) | |
Fuel surcharge revenue |
| (11,287) | |
| (11,765) | |
Adjusted operating expense | $ | 83,963 | | $ | 80,846 | |
Operating (loss) income | $ | (1,688) | | $ | 1,609 | |
Adjusted operating (loss) income | $ | (1,256) | | $ | 2,291 | |
Operating ratio |
| 101.8 | % |
| 98.3 | % |
Adjusted operating ratio |
| 101.5 | % |
| 97.2 | % |
| | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | ||||
USAT Logistics Segment | March 31, | | ||||
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| ||
| (in thousands) | |||||
Operating revenue | $ | 33,773 | | $ | 39,413 | |
Intersegment activity |
| 2,052 | |
| 2,036 | |
Operating revenue (before intersegment eliminations) |
| 35,825 | |
| 41,449 | |
Less: fuel surcharge revenue (before intersegment eliminations) |
| (3,077) | |
| (3,842) | |
Base revenue | $ | 32,748 | | $ | 37,607 | |
Operating expense (before intersegment eliminations) | $ | 36,449 | | $ | 39,137 | |
Adjusted for: |
|
| |
|
| |
Severance costs included in salaries, wages, and employee benefits |
| — | | | — | |
Reversal of restructuring, impairment and other costs | | — | | | — | |
Fuel surcharge revenue |
| (3,077) | |
| (3,842) | |
Adjusted operating expense | $ | 33,372 | | $ | 35,295 | |
Operating (loss) income | $ | (624) | | $ | 2,312 | |
Adjusted operating (loss) income | $ | (624) | | $ | 2,312 | |
Operating ratio |
| 101.7 | % |
| 94.4 | % |
Adjusted operating ratio |
| 101.9 | % |
| 93.9 | % |
19
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
Earnings per diluted share | $ | 0.18 | $ | 0.13 | ||||
Adjusted for: | ||||||||
Severance costs in salaries, wages and employee benefits | 0.04 | 0.09 | ||||||
Restructuring, impairment and other costs (reversal) | — | (0.08 | ) | |||||
Amortization of acquisition related intangibles | 0.04 | — | ||||||
Transaction costs relating to acquisition | — | — | ||||||
Income tax effect of adjustments | (0.02 | ) | — | |||||
Adjusted earnings per diluted share | $ | 0.24 | $ | 0.14 |
Trucking Segment | Three Months Ended | |||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
Operating revenue | $ | 94,561 | $ | 78,733 | ||||
Intersegment activity | 341 | 113 | ||||||
Operating revenue (before intersegment eliminations) | 94,902 | 78,846 | ||||||
Less: fuel surcharge revenue | (11,765 | ) | (11,175 | ) | ||||
Base revenue | $ | 83,137 | $ | 67,671 | ||||
Operating expense (before intersegment eliminations) | 93,293 | 79,310 | ||||||
Adjusted for: | ||||||||
Severance included in salaries, wages and employee benefits | (319 | ) | (484 | ) | ||||
Restructuring, impairment and other costs (reversal) | — | 587 | ||||||
Amortization of acquisition related intangibles | (363 | ) | — | |||||
Fuel surcharge revenue | (11,765 | ) | (11,175 | ) | ||||
Adjusted operating expense | $ | 80,846 | $ | 68,238 | ||||
Operating income (loss) | $ | 1,609 | $ | (464 | ) | |||
Adjusted operating income (loss) | $ | 2,291 | $ | (567 | ) | |||
Operating ratio | 98.3 | % | 100.6 | % | ||||
Adjusted operating ratio | 97.2 | % | 100.8 | % |
USAT Logistics Segment | Three Months Ended | |||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
Operating revenue | $ | 39,413 | $ | 46,280 | ||||
Intersegment activity | 2,036 | 495 | ||||||
Operating revenue (before intersegment eliminations) | 41,449 | 46,775 | ||||||
Less: fuel surcharge revenue | (3,842 | ) | (3,559 | ) | ||||
Base revenue | $ | 37,607 | $ | 43,216 | ||||
Operating expense (before intersegment eliminations) | 39,137 | 43,919 | ||||||
Adjusted for: | ||||||||
Severance included in salaries, wages and employee benefits | — | (227 | ) | |||||
Restructuring, impairment and other costs (reversal) | — | 52 | ||||||
Fuel surcharge revenue | (3,842 | ) | (3,559 | ) | ||||
Adjusted operating expense | $ | 35,295 | $ | 40,185 | ||||
Operating income | $ | 2,312 | $ | 2,856 | ||||
Adjusted operating income | $ | 2,312 | $ | 3,031 | ||||
Operating ratio | 94.4 | % | 93.9 | % | ||||
Adjusted operating ratio | 93.9 | % | 93.0 | % |
Key
OperatingStatistics bySegmentThree Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
Trucking: | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||
Operating revenue (before intersegment eliminations) (in thousands) | $ | 94,902 | $ | 78,846 | ||||
Operating income (loss) (in thousands) (1) | $ | 1,609 | $ | (464 | ) | |||
Operating ratio (2) | 98.3 | % | 100.6 | % | ||||
Adjusted operating ratio (3) | 97.2 | % | 100.8 | % | ||||
Total miles (in thousands) (4) | 42,764 | 38,542 | ||||||
Deadhead percentage (5) | 13.4 | % | 12.7 | % | ||||
Base revenue per loaded mile | $ | 2.244 | $ | 2.009 | ||||
Average number of available tractors (6) | 1,916 | 1,619 | ||||||
Average number of in-service tractors (7) | 1,954 | 1,654 | ||||||
Loaded miles per available tractor per week | 1,504 | 1,616 | ||||||
Base revenue per available tractor per week | $ | 3,375 | $ | 3,246 | ||||
Average loaded miles per trip | 487 | 539 | ||||||
USAT Logistics: | ||||||||
Operating revenue (before intersegment eliminations) (in thousands) | $ | 41,449 | $ | 46,775 | ||||
Operating income (in thousands) (1) | $ | 2,312 | $ | 2,856 | ||||
Gross margin (in thousands) (8) | $ | 7,687 | $ | 7,884 | ||||
Gross margin percentage (9) | 18.5 | % | 16.9 | % | ||||
Load count (in thousands) | 27.6 | 26.5 |
| | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | ||||
| March 31, | | ||||
Trucking: | 2020 | | 2019 | | ||
Operating revenue (before intersegment eliminations) (in thousands) | $ | 93,994 | | $ | 94,902 | |
Operating (loss) income (1) (in thousands) | $ | (1,688) | | $ | 1,609 | |
Adjusted operating (loss) income (2) (in thousands) | $ | (1,256) | | $ | 2,291 | |
Operating ratio (3) |
| 101.8 | % |
| 98.3 | % |
Adjusted operating ratio (4) |
| 101.5 | % |
| 97.2 | % |
Total miles (5) (in thousands) |
| 45,718 | |
| 42,764 | |
Deadhead percentage (6) |
| 13.2 | % |
| 13.4 | % |
Base revenue per loaded mile | $ | 2.085 | | $ | 2.244 | |
Average number of seated tractors |
| 1,871 | |
| 1,767 | |
Average number of available tractors (7) |
| 1,974 | |
| 1,916 | |
Average number of in-service tractors (8) |
| 2,003 | |
| 1,954 | |
Loaded miles per available tractor per week | | 1,546 | | | 1,504 | |
Base revenue per available tractor per week | $ | 3,223 | | $ | 3,375 | |
Average loaded miles per trip | | 495 | | | 487 | |
| | | | | | |
USAT Logistics: |
| | |
| | |
Operating revenue (before intersegment eliminations) (in thousands) | $ | 35,825 | | $ | 41,449 | |
Operating (loss) income (1) (in thousands) | $ | (624) | | $ | 2,312 | |
Adjusted operating (loss) income (2) (in thousands) | $ | (624) | | $ | 2,312 | |
Gross margin (9) (in thousands) | $ | 3,969 | | $ | 7,687 | |
Gross margin percentage (10) |
| 11.1 | % |
| 18.5 | % |
Load count (in thousands) |
| 27.2 | |
| 27.6 | |
| | | | | | |
Operating income (loss) is calculated by deducting operating expenses (before intersegment eliminations) from operating revenue (before intersegment eliminations). |
2) | Adjusted operating income (loss) is calculated by deducting operating expenses (before intersegment eliminations) excluding severance costs included in salaries, wages and employee benefits and amortization of acquisition related intangibles, net of fuel surcharge revenue from operating revenue (before intersegment eliminations), net of fuel surcharge revenue. |
3) | Operating ratio is calculated as operating expenses (before intersegment eliminations) as a percentage of operating revenue (before intersegment eliminations). |
Adjusted operating ratio is calculated as operating expenses (before intersegment eliminations) excluding revenue. |
Total miles include both loaded and empty miles. |
Deadhead percentage is calculated by dividing empty miles by total miles. |
Available tractors are a) all |
In-service tractors include all of the tractors in the Company fleet |
Gross margin is calculated by deducting USAT Logistics purchased transportation expense from USAT Logistics operating revenue (before intersegment eliminations). |
Gross margin percentage is calculated as USAT Logistics gross margin divided by USAT Logistics operating revenue (before intersegment eliminations). |
Results of Operations—Segment Review
Trucking operating revenue
During the three months ended March 31, 2019,2020, Trucking operating revenue (before intersegment eliminations) increased 20.4%decreased 1.0% to $94.9$94.0 million, compared to $78.8$94.9 million for the same period in 2018.2019. Trucking base revenue increased 22.9%(before intersegment eliminations) decreased 0.5% to $83.1$82.7 million compared to $67.7$83.1 million for the first quarter of 2018.2019. The increasedecrease in operating revenue was the result of a 11.7%resulted primarily from 5.9% increase in base revenue per loaded mile, partially offset byaverage number of seated tractors and a 11.0% decrease6.9% increase in total miles driven by a 15.2% increase in average seated tractor count and a 70 basis point negative change in deadhead percentage.
Trucking operating
(loss) incomeFor the first quarter of 2019,2020, Trucking reported an operating loss of $1.7 million compared to operating income of $1.6 million compared to an operating loss of $0.5 million for the same period in 2018,2019. This decrease was primarily resulting fromdriven by a 20.4%2.6% increase in operating expenses (before intersegment eliminations) and 1.0% decrease in operating revenue (before intersegment eliminations) caused by a 4.0% increase in base revenue per available tractor per week, offset by 17.6% higher operating expenses, mostly related to a driver wage increase implemented in the first quarter of 2019.
USAT Logistics operating revenue
For the three months ended March 31, 2019,2020, USAT Logistics operating revenue (before intersegment eliminations) decreased 11.4%13.6% to $41.4$35.8 million compared to $46.8$41.4 million for the same period in 2018.2019. The year-over-year change in operating revenue was the result of a 14.9%12.3% decrease in revenue per load, combinedpaired with a 4.1% increase1.5% decrease in load volume.
USAT Logistics operating (loss) income
USAT Logistics generatedreported an operating incomeloss of $2.3$0.6 million in the first quarter of 2019,2020, a decrease of ($0.5)$2.9 million, or 19.0%127.0%, compared to $2.9operating income of $2.3 million for the comparable quarter in the first quarter of 2018.2019. As mentioned above, the 11.4%13.6% decrease in operating revenue (before intersegment eliminations) and the increase in purchased transportation costs, offset by the 4.1% increase in load volume contributed primarily to the, paired with a 740 basis point drop in operating income.
Consolidated Operating Expenses
The following table summarizes the consolidated operating expenses (dollar amounts in thousands) and percentage of consolidated operating revenue, consolidated base revenue and the percentage increase or decrease in the dollar amounts of those items compared to the prior year.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | | |
| ||||||||||||
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | % change | | ||||||||||
|
| | |
| |
| Adjusted | | | |
| |
| Adjusted | | |
|
| | | | | | | Operating | | | | | | | Operating | | 2020 to |
|
| | Operating Revenue | | Ratio (1) | | Operating Revenue | | Ratio (1) | | 2019 | | ||||||
| | $ | | % | | % | | $ | | % | | % | | % |
| ||
Operating Expenses: | | (dollars in thousands) | | ||||||||||||||
Salaries, wages and employee benefits |
| $ | 35,845 |
| 28.3 | % | 31.8 | % (1) | $ | 36,090 |
| 27.0 | % | 30.2 | % (1) | (0.7) | % |
Fuel and fuel taxes | | | 11,863 |
| 9.4 |
| (2.1) | (1)(2) | | 13,631 |
| 10.2 |
| (1.5) | (1)(2) | (13.0) | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 10,011 |
| 7.9 |
| 8.6 | (1) | | 8,818 |
| 6.6 |
| 7.1 | (1) | 13.5 | |
Insurance and claims | | | 5,857 |
| 4.6 |
| 5.3 | | | 7,280 |
| 5.4 |
| 6.1 | | (19.5) | |
Equipment rent | | | 2,292 |
| 1.8 |
| 2.0 | | | 2,720 |
| 2.0 |
| 2.3 | | (15.7) | |
Operations and maintenance | | | 8,896 |
| 7.0 |
| 7.9 | | | 7,273 |
| 5.4 |
| 6.1 | | 22.3 | |
Purchased transportation | | | 47,814 |
| 37.7 |
| 42.5 | | | 48,281 |
| 36.0 |
| 40.7 | | (1.0) | |
Operating taxes and licenses | | | 1,159 |
| 0.9 |
| 1.0 | | | 1,117 |
| 0.8 |
| 0.9 | | 3.8 | |
Communications and utilities | | | 813 |
| 0.6 |
| 0.7 | | | 767 |
| 0.6 |
| 0.7 | | 6.0 | |
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets, net | | | 38 |
| 0.0 |
| 0.0 | | | (145) |
| (0.1) |
| (0.1) | | (126.2) | |
Other | | | 4,497 |
| 3.6 |
| 4.0 | | | 4,221 |
| 3.2 |
| 3.6 | | 6.5 | |
Total operating expenses |
| $ | 129,085 |
| 101.8 | % | 101.7 | % | $ | 130,053 |
| 97.1 | % | 96.1 | % | (0.7) | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1) | Adjusted operating ratio is calculated as the applicable operating expense excluding severance costs included in salaries, wages, and employee benefits and amortization of acquisition related intangibles, net of fuel surcharge revenue, as a percentage of operating revenue excluding fuel surcharge revenue. |
2) | Calculated as fuel and fuel taxes, net of fuel surcharge revenue. |
Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
Operating Expenses: | $ | % Operating Revenue | Adjusted Operating Ratio (1) | $ | % Operating Revenue | Adjusted Operating Ratio (1) | 2019 to 2018 | |||||||||||||||
Salaries, wages and employee benefits | $ | 36,090 | 26.9 | % | 30.2 | % | (1) | $ | 32,237 | 25.8 | % | 28.6 | % | (1) | 12.0 | % | ||||||
Fuel and fuel taxes | 13,631 | 10.2 | (1.5 | ) | (2) | 13,479 | 10.8 | (1.1 | ) | (2) | 1.1 | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 8,818 | 6.6 | 7.1 | 7,180 | 5.7 | 6.5 | (22.8 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Equipment rent | 2,720 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2,718 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 0.1 | |||||||||||||||
Insurance and claims | 7,280 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 5,602 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 30.0 | |||||||||||||||
Operations and maintenance | 7,273 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 7,961 | 6.4 | 7.2 | (8.6 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Purchased transportation | 48,281 | 36.0 | 40.7 | 49,038 | 39.2 | 44.5 | (1.5 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Operating taxes and licenses | 1,117 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 502 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 122.5 | |||||||||||||||
Communications and utilities | 767 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 713 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 7.6 | |||||||||||||||
Gain on disposal of assets, net | (145 | ) | (0.1 | ) | (0.1 | ) | (169 | ) | (0.1 | ) | (0.2 | ) | (14.2 | ) | ||||||||
Restructuring, impairment and other costs (reversal) | — | — | — | (639 | ) | (0.5 | ) | N/A | 100.0 | |||||||||||||
Other | 4,221 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3,999 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 5.6 | |||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | $ | 130,053 | 97.1 | % | 96.1 | % | $ | 122,621 | 98.1 | % | 97.8 | % | 6.1 | % |
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Salaries, wages and employee benefits
Salaries, wages and employee benefits consist primarily of compensation for all employees and are primarily affected by the total number of miles driven by Company drivers, the rate per mile paid to Company drivers, employee benefits and compensation and benefits paid to non-driver employees.
Salaries, wages and employee benefits expense duringdecreased in terms of dollars spent, while increasing as a percentage of both operating and base revenue for the first quarter of 2019three months ended March 31, 2020, when compared to the same period in 2019. This change was primarily dueattributable to impact of the driver wage increase givenchanges in third quarter 2018 and an 11.0% increase in total revenue miles and an increase in staff wages primarily related to growth inincentive compensation for our USAT Logistics segment.
Fuel and fuel taxes
Fuel and fuel taxes consist primarily of diesel fuel expense for Company-owned tractors and fuel taxes. The primary factors affecting the Company’s fuel expense are the cost of diesel fuel, the fuel economy of Company equipment and the number of miles driven by Company drivers. The increasesdecrease in fuel and fuel taxes for the three month periodsmonths ended March 31, 2019 reflects flat average2020 was the result of a 4.0% decrease in the price per gallon of diesel fuel, prices per gallon year over year, offset by an 11.0%a 6.9% increase in total revenue miles driven when compared to the same period in 2018.2019. The Company has undertaken fuel efficiency initiatives, such as installing trailer skirts, idle control, more fuel-efficient engines and implementing driver training programs, which have contributed to improvements in our fuel expense on a cost per Company tractor mile basis.
The Company continues to pursue fuel efficiency initiatives, purchasing newer, more fuel-efficient revenue equipment and implementing focused driver training programs, which have contributed to improvements in our fuel expense on a cost per Company tractor mile basis. The Company expects to continue managing its idle time and truck speeds and partnering with customers to align fuel surcharge programs to recover a fair portion of rising fuel costs. Looking ahead, the Company’s net fuel expense is expected to fluctuate as a percentage of revenue based on factors such as diesel fuel prices, percentage recovered from fuel surcharge programs, deadheadempty mile percentage, the percentage of revenue generated from independent contractors and the success of fuel efficiency initiatives. The Company expects to continue managing its idle time and truck speeds and partnering with customers to adjust fuel surcharge programs to recover a fair portion of rising fuel costs.
Depreciation and amortization and
equipmentrentDepreciation and amortization of property and equipment consists primarily of depreciation for Company-owned tractors and trailers, amortization of revenue equipment financed with finance leases, and amortization of those financed with capital leases.intangible assets. The primary factors affecting this expense include the number and age of Company tractors and trailers, the acquisition cost of new equipment and the salvage values and useful lives assigned to the equipment. Equipment rent expenses are those related to revenue equipment under operating leases. These largely fixed costs fluctuate as a percentage of base revenue primarily with increases and decreases in average base revenue per tractor and the percentage of base revenue contributed by Trucking versus USAT Logistics. In addition, the mix of capital and operating leases will cause fluctuations on a line item basis between equipment rent expense and depreciation and amortization expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2019,2020 equipment rent expense was flatdecreased 15.7% compared to the first quarter of 2018.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased as a percentage of both operating and base revenue for the three month periodsmonths ended March 31, 2019, as2020, when compared to the same periodperiods in 2018, large2019, due in part to a smallerthe lower revenues as discussed previously. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company lowered the salvage value of its tractor fleet as a resultfrom 30% to 25% to better reflect current estimates of a tough driver market and decreased utilization year over year. the value of such equipment upon its retirement. The Company believes that these changes more accurately reflect the value of the revenue equipment on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company intends to continue toits focus on improving asset utilization, matching customer demand, growing its independent contractor fleet and strengthening load profitability initiatives. Further, the acquisition costs of new revenue equipment could increase due to the continued implementation of emissions requirements and the inclusion of improved safety and fuel efficiency features. As a result, management expects to see an increase in depreciation and amortization expense from new tractors, and expects equipment rent to increase as the use
22
Insurance and claims
Insurance and claims expense consists of insurance premiumspremium and the accruals the Company makes for estimated payments and expenses for claims for third-party bodily injury, property damage, cargo damage and other casualty events. The primary factors affecting the Company’s insurance and claims expense are the number of miles driven by its Company drivers and independent contractors, the frequency and severity of accidents, trends in the development factors used in the Company’s actuarial accruals,accrual, developments in prior-year claims and insurance premiums and self-insured amounts. For the three months ended March 31, 2019,2020, insurance and claims expense year over yeardecreased in dollars spent and as a percentage of both operating and base revenue increased to 5.4% compared to 4.5% in the prior year quarter,period, largely due to the favorable claims loss history and increased approximately 30.0%a decrease in terms of dollars spent.
The Company expects insurance and claims expense to continue to be variablevolatile over the long-term.long-term and in its October 2019 annual renewal experienced a significant rate increase. In addition, recently, insurance carriers have generally raised premiums for many businesses, including those in the trucking industry, and the trucking industry is experiencing a decline in the number of carriers and underwriters that write insurance policies or that are willing to provide insurance for trucking companies, and the necessity to go offshore for insurance needs has increased. These factors may cause the Company’s insurance
Operations and maintenance
Operations and maintenance expense consists primarily of vehicle repairs and maintenance, general and administrative expenses and other costs. Operating and maintenance expenses are primarily affected by the age of the Company-owned fleet of tractors and trailers, the number of miles driven in a period and, to a lesser extent, by efficiency measures in the Company’s maintenance facilities. The decrease in operationsOperations and maintenance expense increased for the three months ended March 31, 2019,2020, when compared to the same period in 2018 as a result of maintenance cost savings2019 due to the purchaseincreased costs of new revenue equipment, and other cost saving initiatives undertaken.
Purchased transportation
Purchased transportation consists of the payments the Company makes to independent contractors, railroads and third-party carriers that haul loads brokered to them by the Company, including fuel surcharge reimbursement paid to such parties. For the first quarter of 2019,three months ended March 31, 2020, purchased transportation expense decreased slightlyincreased as a percentage of both operating and base revenue due to fluctuations in the softening spot market putting pressure on ourmarket.
The Company is endeavoring to grow its independent contractor fleet as a percentage of its total fleet and growing USAT Logistics, business.
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets, net
During the three months ended March 31, 2019, gain2020, the Company experienced a loss on disposal of assets, net decreased slightly when compared to a gain in the same periodsperiod in 2018,2019, primarily resulting from volatilitydue to continued fluctuations in the used equipment market, which managementmarket. Management believes maythis variability will continue to show variability in 2019 and beyond.
Other expenses
The increasesincrease in other expenses duringfor the three months ended March 31, 2019 were2020 was primarily the result ofattributable to an increase driver recruiting costs.
Interest expense,
For the three months ended March 31, 2019,2020, interest expense, increasednet decreased primarily due to increaseddecreased outstanding borrowings related to the purchase of new revenue equipment. As of March 31, 2019, the Company increased its debt outstanding on the Credit Facility by approximately $7.2 million, as compared to December 31, 2018.our credit facility. See Note 96 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the Company’s Credit Facility.
23
Income tax (benefit) expense
During the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, the Company’s effective tax rate was 26.5%36.9% and 28.8%26.5%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate, when compared to the federal statutory rate of 21%, is primarily affected by state income taxes, net of federal income tax effect, and permanent differences, the most significant of which is the effect of the partially non-deductible per diem pay structure for our drivers. Drivers may elect to receive non-taxable per diem pay in lieu of a portion of their taxable wages. This per diem program increases the Company’s drivers’ net pay per mile, after taxes, while decreasing gross pay, before taxes. Per diem pay is partially non-deductible by the Company under current IRS regulations. As a result, salaries, wages and employee benefits costs are slightly lower and effective income tax rates are higher than the statutory rate. Due to the partially non-deductible effect of per diem pay, the Company’s tax rate will change based on fluctuations in earnings (losses) and in the number of drivers who elect to receive this pay structure. Generally, as pretax income or loss increases, the impact of the driver per diem program on the Company’s effective tax rate decreases, because aggregate per diem pay becomes smaller in relation to pretax income or loss, while in periods where earnings are at or near breakeven the impact of the per diem program on the Company’s effective tax rate can be significant. Due to the effect of the non-deductible per diem payments, the Company’s tax rate will fluctuate in future periods based on fluctuations in earnings (losses) and in the number of drivers who elect to participate in the per diem program.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020 our effective tax rate during the period was higher than the statutory rate primarily as a result of changes stemming from the expectedCoronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) enacted during the period, which allows a 5 year federal net operating loss carryback for federal income tax purposes to tax periods where the federal statutory rate was 35%, resulting in an increased tax benefit. During the first quarter of 2019, the Company’s tax rate was negatively affected by vesting of equity-based compensation at a lower stock price than the price at which it was granted, as well as a non-deductible officer compensation, resulting in an increase to tax expense and the effective tax rate.
The Company has historically calculated the provision for income taxes during interim reporting periods by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate is not deemed reliable and distortsfor the income tax provision for an interim period, the Company calculates the income tax provision or benefit using the cut-off method, which results in an income tax provision or benefit based solely on the year-to-date pretaxfull fiscal year to “ordinary” income or loss as adjusted(pretax income or loss excluding unusual or infrequently occurring discrete items) for permanent differences onthe reporting period. We determined that since small changes in estimated “ordinary” income would result in significant changes in the estimated annual effective tax rate, the historical method would not provide a pro rata basis.
Seasonality
In the trucking industry, revenue typically follows a seasonal pattern for various commodities and customer businesses. PeakWhile peak freight demand has historically occurred in the months of September, October and November.November, no assurance can be provided that our current year experience will reflect this. After the December holiday season and during the remaining winter months, freight volumes are typically lower as many customers reduce shipment levels. Operating expenses have historically been higher in the winter months due primarily to decreased fuel efficiency, increased cold weather-related maintenance costs of revenue equipment and increased insurance and claims costs attributed to adverse winter driving
Inflation
Most of the Company’s operating expenses are inflation sensitive, and as such, are not always able to be offset through increases in revenue per mile and cost control efforts. The effect of inflation-driven cost increases on overall operating costs is not expected to be greater for the Company than for its competitors.
Fuel Availability and Cost
The trucking industry is dependent upon the availability of fuel. In the past, fuel shortages or increases in fuel taxes or fuel costs have adversely affected our profitability and may continue to do so. The CompanyUSA Truck has not experienced difficulty in maintaining necessary fuel supplies, and in the past has generally been able to partially offset increases in fuel costs and fuel taxes through increased freight rates and through a fuel surcharge that increases incrementally as the average price of fuel increases above an agreed upon baseline price per gallon. Typically, the Company is not able to fully recover increases in fuel prices through freight rate increases and fuel surcharges, primarily because those items are not available with respect to empty and out-of-route miles and idling time, for which the Company generally does not receive
24
compensation from customers. Additionally, most fuel surcharges are based on the average fuel price as published by the DOE for the week prior to the shipment, meaning the Company typically bills customers in the current week based on the previous week’s applicable index. Accordingly, in times of increasing fuel prices, the Company does not recover as much as it is currently paying for fuel. In periods of declining prices, for a short period of time the inverse is true. Overall, for the three months ended March 31, 2020, average diesel fuel prices per gallon as reported by the DOE, were stable for the three month period ended March 31, 2019,decreased 4.0% compared to the same period in 2018.
As of March 31, 2019,2020, the Company did not have any long-term fuel purchase contracts, and has not entered into any fuel hedging arrangements.
Equity
As of March 31, 2019,2020, the Company had total stockholders’ equity of $83.3$76.1 million and total debt and lease liabilities including current maturities and insurance premium financing, of $182.0$196.3 million, resulting in a total debt, less cash, to total capitalization ratio of 68.6%72.1% compared to 66.5%70.9% as of December 31, 2018.
Purchases and Commitments
The Company routinely monitors equipment acquisition needs and adjusts purchase schedules from time to time based on analysis of factors such as new equipment prices, the condition of the used equipment market, demand for freight services, prevailing interest rates, technological improvements, fuel efficiency, equipment durability, equipment specifications, operating performance and the availability of qualified drivers.
As of March 31, 2019,2020, the Company had $27.7$7.3 million in noncancellable commitments for the acquisition of both revenue and non-revenue equipment. We anticipate funding these commitments with operating and financing cash flows.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
USA Truck’s business has required, and will continue to require, significant capital investments. In the Company’s Trucking segment, where capital investments are the most substantial, the primary investments are in new revenue equipment and to a lesser extent, in technology and working capital. In the Company’s USAT Logistics segment, where capital investments are generally more modest, the primary investments are in technology and working capital. USA Truck’s primary sources of liquidity have been funds provided by operations, borrowings under the Company’s Credit Facility, sales of used revenue equipment, and capitalproceeds from finance and operating leases. Based on expected financial conditions, net capital expenditures, results of operations and related net cash flows and other sources of financing, management believes the Company’s sources of liquidity to be adequate to meet current and projected needs.
The Credit Facility contains a single financial covenant, which requires a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.0 to 1.0 that is triggered in the event excess availability under the Credit Facility falls below 10% of the lenders’ total commitments. Also, certain restrictions regarding the Company’s ability to pay dividends, make certain investments, prepay certain indebtedness, execute share repurchase programs and enter into certain acquisitions and hedging arrangements are triggered in the event excess availability under the Credit Facility falls below 10%20% of the lenders’ total commitments.
As of March 31, 2019,2020, the Company had outstanding $5.4$7.4 million in letters of credit outstanding and had approximately $50.0$37.9 million available to borrow under the Credit Facility. Net of cash, debt represented 68.6%72.1% of total capitalization.
On April 20, 2020, the Company permanently reduced the revolving credit commitment under the Credit Agreement by $55.0 million such that the revolving credit commitment is $170.0 million. The reduction in the revolving credit commitment brought the Company’s excess availability above the 20% threshold for restrictions by lowering the threshold to $34.0 million. This change is anticipated to reduce the fees paid by the Company in connection with such commitment by approximately $0.1 million annually.
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Cash Flows
Three Months Ended | |||||||
March 31, | |||||||
(in thousands) | 2019 | 2018 | |||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 7,964 | $ | 15,607 | |||
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (11,488 | ) | 1,001 | ||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 3,119 | (16,673 | ) |
The following table summarizes the sources (uses) of cash for each of the periods presented:
| | | | | | | |
| Cash Flow | | Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||
| Category | | 2020 | | 2019 | ||
Sources of cash: | | | (in thousands) | ||||
Operating activities - net | Operating | | $ | 2,333 | | $ | 7,964 |
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | Investing | | | 1,036 | | | 5,858 |
Borrowings under long-term debt | Financing | | | 21,025 | | | 12,050 |
| | | | | | | |
Uses of cash: | | | | | | | |
Acquisition of Davis Transfer Company (net of cash) | Investing | | | — | | | (305) |
Capital expenditures | Investing | | | (11,137) | | | (17,041) |
Payments of long-term debt | Financing | | | (10,425) | | | (6,235) |
Principal payments on financing lease obligations | Financing | | | (4,150) | | | (3,110) |
| | | | | | | |
Other sources - net | Financing | | | 1,306 | | | 414 |
Decrease in cash | | | $ | (12) | | $ | (405) |
| | | | | | | |
Operating Activities
Our net cash provided by operating activities decreased by approximately $7.6 million in the first three months ended March 31,quarter of 2020 decreased from the comparable 2019 comparedquarter primarily due to the same perioddecreases in 2018. This decrease was primarily the result ofnet income and insurance and claims accruals and an approximate $3.7 million increase in the change in accounts receivable resulting from increased revenue for the period, and changes in other operating linereceivables. These items associated with increased profitability.
Debt and Lease Obligations
See Notes 8, 9,6 and 107 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the Company'sCompany’s Credit Facility, insurance financing, Credit Facility and lease obligations.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company bases its assumptions, estimates and judgments on historical experience, current trends and other factors that management believes to be relevant at the time its financial statements are prepared. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, there were no material changes2020, the only change to the Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates, compared to those disclosed in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
The Company has established disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that relevant material information, including information pertaining to any consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to the officers who certify the financial reports and to other members of senior management and the board of directors. Management, with the participation of the Principal Executive Officer (the “PEO”) and the Principal Financial Officer (the “PFO”) conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, the PEO and PFO have concluded that as of March 31, 20192020 the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in the reports filed or submitted by the Company under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’sSEC’s rules and forms and
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(ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including the PEO and PFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2019, other than the implementation of ASC 842 and related controls,2020 that havehas materially affected, or areis reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Management has confidence in the Company’s internal controls and procedures. Nevertheless, management, including the PEO and PFO, understand that the Company’s disclosure procedures and controls and its internal controls cannot prevent all errors or intentional fraud. An internal controls system, no matter how well-conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of such internal controls are met. Further, the design of an internal controls system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all internal controls systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all controls issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been, or will be, detected.
ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
The Company is party to routine litigation incidental to its business, primarily involving claims for personal injury and property damage incurred in the transportation of freight. The Company maintains liability insurance to cover liabilities in excess of certain self-insured retention levels. Though it is the opinion of management believesthat these claims to beare immaterial to the Company’s long-term financial position, adverse results of one or more of these claims could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operationsstatements in any given reporting period.
ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS |
While the Company attempts to identify, manage and mitigate risks and uncertainties associated with its business, some level of risk and uncertainty will always be present. TheIn addition to the information set forth below, the section entitled “Item 1A, Risk Factors,” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018,2019, describes some of the risks and uncertainties associated with the Company’s business. These risks and uncertainties have the potential to materially affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, projected results and future prospects.
The recent novel coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic, or any other future global pandemic, could adversely affect our business operations, financial performance, results of operations and liquidity, the extent of which is uncertain and difficult to predict.
In late 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China, which has since spread globally. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Further, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in government authorities in the United States and around the world implementing numerous measures to try to reduce the spread of COVID-19, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter in place or total lock-down orders and business limitations and shutdowns. As a result of the COVID-19 outbreak and the related responses from government authorities, our business operations, financial performance, results of operations and liquidity may be adversely impacted in a number of ways, including, but not limited to, the following:
● | disruptions to our operations, including a shutdown of one or more of our locations; restrictions on certain of our operations; and other important business activities; |
● | reduced demand for our services due to disruptions to the businesses and operations of our customers; |
● | the ability of our customers to pay for our services; |
● | a slowdown or stoppage in the supply chain of our equipment, fuel, supplies and maintenance services; |
● | limitations on employee resources and availability, including due to sickness, government restrictions, or the desire of employees to avoid contact with groups of people; |
● | a change in the classification of our operations as an essential business or other government orders or restrictions that could limit our movements and shipping operations; |
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● | an increase in the cost or the difficulty to obtain debt or equity financing could affect our financial condition or our ability to fund operations or future investment opportunities; and |
● | an increase in regulatory restrictions or continued market volatility could hinder our ability to execute strategic business activities, as well as negatively impact our stock price. |
The spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices (including, employee work locations) and we may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, partners, and suppliers. There is no certainty that such measures will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the virus, and our ability to perform critical functions could be harmed.
Additionally, COVID-19 could negatively affect our internal controls over financial reporting as a portion of our work force has been and may continue to be required or determined to work from home and therefore new processes, procedures, and controls could be required to respond to changes in our business environment. Further, should any key employees become ill from COVID-19 and unable to work, the attention of the management team could be diverted.
The potential effects of COVID-19 may also impact many of our other risk factors discussed in in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our Annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. The degree to which COVID-19 impacts our business operations, financial performance and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, continuously evolving and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the COVID-19 outbreak, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact and how quickly and to what extent normal economic conditions can resume.
ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS |
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None.
ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES |
None.
ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES |
None.
ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION |
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ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS |
| | |
Exhibit | |
Exhibit | |||
3.1 | | ||
3.2 | | ||
4.1 | | ||
31.1 | # | ||
31.2 | # | ||
32.1 | ## | ||
32.2 | ## | ||
101.INS | | [XBRL Instance | |
101.SCH | Inline | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. | |
101.CAL | Inline | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. | |
101.DEF | Inline | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. | |
101.LAB | Inline | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. | |
101.PRE | Inline | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. | |
104 | | Cover page Interactive Data File formatted as Inline XBRL (contained in Exhibit 101) |
References:
| | | |
# | | Filed herewith. | |
## | | ||
Furnished herewith. | |||
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| | | | | ||
| | | ||||
USA Truck Inc. | ||||||
| | | (Registrant) | |||
| | | ||||
Date: | May | | By: | /s/ James D. Reed | ||
| | | (Signature) | |||
| | | James D. Reed | |||
| | | President and Chief Executive Officer | |||
| | | ||||
| | | ||||
Date: | May | | By: | /s/ | ||
| | | (Signature) | |||
| | | Zachary B. King | |||
| | | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | |||
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