(unaudited; in thousands, except per share data)



	Quarter Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Passenger ticket revenues	$	1,709,984		$	1,425,644
Onboard and other revenues	729,783			602,112
Total revenues	2,439,767			2,027,756
Cruise operating expenses:
Commissions, transportation and other	363,155			290,609
Onboard and other	135,170			99,537
Payroll and related	269,532			227,156
Food	139,534			119,642
Fuel	160,171			160,341
Other operating	346,142			278,734
Total cruise operating expenses	1,413,704			1,176,019
Marketing, selling and administrative expenses	414,947			337,361
Depreciation and amortization expenses	292,285			240,230
Operating Income	318,831			274,146
Other income (expense):
Interest income	9,784			7,733
Interest expense, net of interest capitalized	(100,415		)	(67,878		)
Equity investment income	33,694			28,752
Other expense	(5,088		)	(24,100		)
	(62,025		)	(55,493		)
Net Income	256,806			218,653
Less: Net Income attributable to noncontrolling interest	7,125			—
Net Income attributable to Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.	$	249,681		$	218,653
Earnings per Share:
Basic	$	1.19		$	1.03
Diluted	$	1.19		$	1.02
Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding:
Basic	209,322			212,610
Diluted	209,874			213,602
Comprehensive Income
Net Income	$	256,806		$	218,653
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	564			1,160
Change in defined benefit plans	(653		)	7,760
Gain on cash flow derivative hedges	48,843			142,530
Total other comprehensive income	48,754			151,450
Comprehensive Income	305,560			370,103
Less: Comprehensive Income attributable to noncontrolling interest	7,125			—
Comprehensive Income attributable to Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.	$	298,435		$	370,103

Quarter Ended June 30,
2018 2017
Passenger ticket revenues $ 1,672,570
$ 1,581,385
Onboard and other revenues 665,035
613,889
Total revenues 2,337,605
2,195,274
Cruise operating expenses:

Commissions, transportation and other 358,305
340,331
Onboard and other 142,240
132,437
Payroll and related 226,315
210,362
Food 128,383
121,764
Fuel 172,309
170,748
Other operating 286,859
281,143
Total cruise operating expenses 1,314,411
1,256,785
Marketing, selling and administrative expenses 312,923
283,855
Depreciation and amortization expenses 253,376
234,937
Operating Income 456,895
419,697
Other income (expense):

Interest income 13,098
5,811
Interest expense, net of interest capitalized (81,864 ) (76,632 )
Equity investment income 44,311
23,359
Other income (expense) 33,855
(2,709 )
9,400
(50,171 )
Net Income $ 466,295
$ 369,526
Earnings per Share:

Basic $ 2.20
$ 1.72
Diluted $ 2.19
$ 1.71
Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding:

Basic 211,673
215,085
Diluted 212,509
216,062
Comprehensive Income

Net Income $ 466,295
$ 369,526
Other comprehensive income (loss):

Foreign currency translation adjustments (11,521 ) 5,979
Change in defined benefit plans (1,964 ) (3,649 )
(Loss) gain on cash flow derivative hedges (68,900 ) 128,954
Total other comprehensive (loss) income (82,385 ) 131,284
Comprehensive Income $ 383,910
$ 500,810

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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ROYAL CARIBBEAN CRUISES LTD.

CONSOLIDATED ~~STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)~~BALANCE SHEETS

(~~unaudited;~~ in thousands, except ~~per~~ share data)



	As of
	March 31,			December 31,
	2019			2018
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	248,197		$	287,852
Trade and other receivables, net	374,982			324,507
Inventories	157,939			153,573
Prepaid expenses and other assets	491,553			456,547
Derivative financial instruments	60,451			19,565
Total current assets	1,333,122			1,242,044
Property and equipment, net	23,641,251			23,466,163
Operating lease right-of-use assets	777,551			—
Goodwill	1,378,362			1,378,353
Other assets	1,589,763			1,611,710
Total assets	$	28,720,049		$	27,698,270
Liabilities, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Current portion of debt	$	1,646,324		$	1,646,841
Commercial paper	1,112,030			775,488
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	88,497			—
Accounts payable	497,180			488,212
Accrued interest	120,131			74,550
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	823,097			899,761
Derivative financial instruments	89,023			78,476
Customer deposits	3,729,661			3,148,837
Total current liabilities	8,105,943			7,112,165
Long-term debt	7,526,330			8,355,370
Long-term operating lease liabilities	708,371			—
Other long-term liabilities	560,690			583,254
Total liabilities	16,901,334			16,050,789
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	549,645			542,020
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock ($0.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; none outstanding)	—			—
Common stock ($0.01 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 236,380,544 and 235,847,683 shares issued, March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively)	2,364			2,358
Paid-in capital	3,432,419			3,420,900
Retained earnings	10,366,612			10,263,282
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(578,980		)	(627,734		)
Treasury stock (26,830,765 common shares at cost, at both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018)	(1,953,345		)	(1,953,345		)
Total shareholders’ equity	11,269,070			11,105,461
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest and shareholders’ equity	$	28,720,049		$	27,698,270

Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 2017
Passenger ticket revenues $ 3,098,214
$ 2,999,608
Onboard and other revenues 1,267,147
1,204,226
Total revenues 4,365,361
4,203,834
Cruise operating expenses:

Commissions, transportation and other 648,914
650,579
Onboard and other 241,777
238,431
Payroll and related 453,471
426,097
Food 248,025
242,975
Fuel 332,650
348,162
Other operating 565,593
526,365
Total cruise operating expenses 2,490,430
2,432,609
Marketing, selling and administrative expenses 650,284
601,320
Depreciation and amortization expenses 493,606
470,686
Operating Income 731,041
699,219
Other income (expense):

Interest income 20,831
12,063
Interest expense, net of interest capitalized (149,742 ) (156,949 )
Equity investment income 73,063
35,239
Other income (expense) 9,755
(5,320 )
(46,093 ) (114,967 )
Net Income $ 684,948
$ 584,252
Earnings per Share:

Basic $ 3.23
$ 2.72
Diluted $ 3.21
$ 2.71
Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding:

Basic 212,139
214,978
Diluted 213,079
215,944
Comprehensive Income

Net Income $ 684,948
$ 584,252
Other comprehensive income (loss):

Foreign currency translation adjustments (10,361 ) 8,321
Change in defined benefit plans 5,796
(4,290 )
Gain on cash flow derivative hedges 73,630
151,415
Total other comprehensive income 69,065
155,446
Comprehensive Income $ 754,013
$ 739,698

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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~~ROYAL CARIBBEAN CRUISES LTD.~~

~~CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS~~

~~(in thousands, except share data)~~

As of
June 30, December 31,
2018 2017
(unaudited)
Assets

Current assets

Cash and cash equivalents $ 108,998
$ 120,112
Trade and other receivables, net 355,729
318,641
Inventories 121,879
111,393
Prepaid expenses and other assets 418,817
258,171
Derivative financial instruments 94,473
99,320
Total current assets 1,099,896
907,637
Property and equipment, net 21,429,719
19,735,180
Goodwill 288,418
288,512
Other assets 1,239,003
1,429,597
$ 24,057,036
$ 22,360,926
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

Current liabilities
Current portion of long-term debt $ 1,177,626
$ 1,188,514
Accounts payable 418,616
360,113
Accrued interest 61,175
47,469
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 751,585
903,022
Derivative financial instruments 44,203
47,464
Customer deposits 3,049,145
2,308,291
Total current liabilities 5,502,350
4,854,873
Long-term debt 7,341,463
6,350,937
Other long-term liabilities 439,525
452,813
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)

Shareholders’ equity

Preferred stock ($0.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; none outstanding) —
—
Common stock ($0.01 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 235,779,344 and 235,198,901 shares issued, June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively) 2,358
2,352
Paid-in capital 3,397,561
3,390,117
Retained earnings 9,429,784
9,022,405
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (265,200 ) (334,265 )
Treasury stock (25,293,576 and 21,861,308 common shares at cost, June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively) (1,790,805 ) (1,378,306 )
Total shareholders’ equity 10,773,698
10,702,303
$ 24,057,036
$ 22,360,926

~~The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.~~

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ROYAL CARIBBEAN CRUISES LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited; in thousands)



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Operating Activities
Net income	$	256,806		$	218,653
Adjustments:
Depreciation and amortization	292,285			240,230
Impairment losses	—			23,343
Net deferred income tax expense (benefit)	2,983			(1,504		)
Gain on derivative instruments not designated as hedges	(4,780		)	(7,810		)
Share-based compensation expense	27,322			20,164
Equity investment income	(33,694		)	(28,752		)
Amortization of debt issuance costs	10,366			10,108
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in trade and other receivables, net	(44,382		)	(10,181		)
(Increase) decrease in inventories	(4,366		)	567
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets	(12,323		)	(89,725		)
Increase in accounts payable	8,843			110,467
Increase in accrued interest	45,581			42,919
Decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities	(68,688		)	(109,136		)
Increase in customer deposits	580,735			477,878
Dividends received from unconsolidated affiliates	42,435			37,918
Other, net	(20,669		)	(11,017		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,078,454			924,122
Investing Activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(470,116		)	(1,720,232		)
Cash received on settlement of derivative financial instruments	5,803			64,487
Cash paid on settlement of derivative financial instruments	(678		)	—
Cash received on loans to unconsolidated affiliates	11,824			13,953
Other, net	2,719			(3,353		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(450,448		)	(1,645,145		)
Financing Activities
Debt proceeds	316,810			2,544,737
Debt issuance costs	(3,675		)	(41,344		)
Repayments of debt	(1,146,674		)	(1,394,222		)
Proceeds from issuance of commercial paper notes	5,039,834			—
Repayments of commercial paper notes	(4,711,208		)	—
Purchases of treasury stock	—			(275,038		)
Dividends paid	(146,817		)	(127,840		)
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options	241			3,863
Other, net	(16,192		)	1,697
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(667,681		)	711,853
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	20			303
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(39,655		)	(8,867		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	287,852			120,112
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	248,197		$	111,245
Supplemental Disclosure
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest, net of amount capitalized	$	37,103		$	16,953

Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 2017
Operating Activities

Net income $ 684,948
$ 584,252
Adjustments:

Depreciation and amortization 493,606
470,686
Impairment losses 33,651
—
Net deferred income tax (benefit) expense (893 ) 1,084
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments not designated as hedges 29,750
(34,988 )
Share-based compensation expense 31,819
35,379
Equity investment income (73,063 ) (35,239 )
Amortization of debt issuance costs 16,283
26,035
Gain on sale of property and equipment —
(30,902 )
Gain on sale of unconsolidated affiliate (13,680 ) —
Recognition of deferred gain (21,794 ) —
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Decrease in trade and other receivables, net 16,162
33,045
(Increase) decrease in inventories (10,485 ) 4,682
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets (152,626 ) (36,931 )
Increase in accounts payable 58,842
69,634
Increase in accrued interest 13,706
5,486
Decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities (71,254 ) (47,189 )
Increase in customer deposits 740,420
563,546
Dividends received from unconsolidated affiliates 158,942
57,402
Other, net (2,748 ) (6,702 )
Net cash provided by operating activities 1,931,586
1,659,280
Investing Activities

Purchases of property and equipment (2,212,880 ) (271,541 )
Cash received on settlement of derivative financial instruments 69,195
34,866
Cash paid on settlement of derivative financial instruments (34,898 ) —
Cash received on loans to unconsolidated affiliates 37,607
23,487
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment —
230,000
Proceeds from the sale of unconsolidated affiliate 13,215
—
Other, net (13,220 ) (9,144 )
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (2,140,981 ) 7,668
Financing Activities

Debt proceeds 3,929,322
2,236,000
Debt issuance costs (48,535 ) (14,575 )
Repayments of debt (3,029,944 ) (3,689,890 )
Purchases of treasury stock (369,476 ) —
Dividends paid (254,645 ) (206,039 )
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options 4,062
2,385
Other, net (16,827 ) 2,626
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 213,957
(1,669,493 )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (15,676 ) 419
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (11,114 ) (2,126 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 120,112
132,603
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 108,998
$ 130,477
Supplemental Disclosure

Cash paid during the period for:

Interest, net of amount capitalized $ 114,061
$ 125,007

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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ROYAL CARIBBEAN CRUISES LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(unaudited; in thousands)



	Common Stock		Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Treasury Stock			Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	2,358	$	3,420,900	$	10,263,282		$	(627,734	)	$	(1,953,345	)	$	11,105,461
Activity related to employee stock plans	6		11,519		—			—			—			11,525
Common stock dividends, $0.70 per share	—		—		(146,351		)	—			—			(146,351		)
Changes related to cash flow derivative hedges	—		—		—			48,843			—			48,843
Change in defined benefit plans	—		—		—			(653		)	—			(653		)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—		—			564			—			564
Net Income attributable to Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.	—		—		249,681			—			—			249,681
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	2,364	$	3,432,419	$	10,366,612		$	(578,980	)	$	(1,953,345	)	$	11,269,070



	Common Stock		Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Treasury Stock			Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	2,352	$	3,390,117		$	9,022,405		$	(334,265	)	$	(1,378,306	)	$	10,702,303
Cumulative effect of accounting changes	—		—			(23,476		)	—			—			(23,476		)
Activity related to employee stock plans	5		(62		)	—			—			—			(57		)
Common stock dividends, $0.60 per share	—		—			(127,038		)	—			—			(127,038		)
Changes related to cash flow derivative hedges	—		—			—			142,530			—			142,530
Change in defined benefit plans	—		—			—			7,760			—			7,760
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—			—			1,160			—			1,160
Purchases of treasury stock	—		—			—			—			(275,039		)	(275,039		)
Net Income attributable to Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.	—		—			218,653			—			—			218,653
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	2,357	$	3,390,055		$	9,090,544		$	(182,815	)	$	(1,653,345	)	$	10,646,796

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ROYAL CARIBBEAN CRUISES LTD.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms “Royal Caribbean,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. and, depending on the context, Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.’s consolidated subsidiaries and/or affiliates. The terms “Royal Caribbean International,” “Celebrity Cruises,” ~~and~~ “Azamara Club Cruises” and "Silversea Cruises" refer to our ~~wholly-owned~~wholly- or majority-owned global cruise brands. Throughout this report, we also refer to regional brands in which we hold an ownership interest, including “TUI ~~Cruises,” “Pullmantur”~~Cruises” and ~~“SkySea Cruises.~~“Pullmantur.” However, because these regional brands are unconsolidated investments, our operating results and other disclosures herein do not include these brands unless otherwise specified. In accordance with cruise vacation industry practice, the term “berths” is determined based on double occupancy per cabin even though many cabins can accommodate three or more passengers. This report should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, including the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included therein.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q also includes trademarks, trade names and service marks of other companies. Use or display by us of other parties’ trademarks, trade names or service marks is not intended to and does not imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other parties other than as described herein.

Note 1. General

Description of Business

We are a global cruise company. As of ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, we ~~own~~control and operate ~~three~~four global cruise brands: Royal Caribbean International, Celebrity Cruises, ~~and~~ Azamara Club Cruises and Silversea Cruises (collectively, our "Global Brands").

We also own a 50% joint venture interest in the German brand TUI Cruises and a 49% interest in the Spanish brand Pullmantur ~~and a 36% interest in the Chinese brand SkySea Cruises~~ (collectively, our "Partner Brands"). We account for our investments in our Partner Brands under the equity method of accounting.

In March 2018, we and Ctrip.com International Ltd. ("Ctrip") announced the decision to end the Skysea Holding International Ltd. ("Skysea Holding") venture. Skysea Holding expects to cease business operations by the end of 2018. The ~~Golden Era, the ship operated by SkySea Cruises and owned by a wholly owned subsidiary of Skysea Holding,is expected to be soldto an affiliate of TUI AG, our joint venture partner in TUI Cruises, and is expected to be delivered in December 2018. Refer to Note 5.~~ ~~Other Assets~~ ~~for further information regarding our investment in SkySea Holding.~~

On July 31, 2018, we acquired a 66.7% equity stake in Silversea Cruises Holding Ltd. ("Silversea Cruises"), a privately-owned ultra-luxury cruise line with nine ships operating in all seven continents, for approximately $1.0 billion. Refer to Note 6. ~~Long-Term Debt~~ for information on debt issued to finance a portion of the acquisition. In addition to the purchase price, Manfredi Lefebvre D'Ovidio, Executive Chairman of Silversea Cruises, will qualify for contingent consideration of approximately 472,000 shares of our common stock, payable upon achievement of certain 2019-2020 performance metrics. For reporting purposes, we will account for this transaction under~~the provisions of Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") 805,~~ ~~Business Combinations~~, and we expect to include Silversea Cruises’ results of operations on a three-month reporting lag beginning with the fourth quarter of 2018. During the subsequent measurement period, we expect to receive additional information to perform the purchase price allocation.

Basis for Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements

The unaudited consolidated financial statements are presented pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and

Exchange Commission. In our opinion, these statements include all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the results of the interim periods reported herein. Adjustments consist only of normal recurring items, except for any items discussed in the notes below. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted as permitted by such rules and regulations. Estimates are required for the preparation of financial statements in accordance with ~~GAAP and actual~~these principles. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Refer to Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017~~2018 for a discussion of our significant accounting policies.

All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. We consolidate entities over which we have control, usually evidenced by a direct ownership interest of greater than 50%, and variable interest entities where we are

~~Table of Contents~~

determined to be the primary beneficiary. Refer to Note 5.7. Other Assets for further information regarding our variable interest entities. We consolidate the operating results of Silversea Cruises on a three-month reporting lag to allow for more timely preparation of our consolidated financial statements. No material events or other transactions involving Silversea Cruises have occurred from December 31, 2018 through March 31, 2019 that would require further disclosure or adjustment to our consolidated financial statements as of and for the quarter ended March 31, 2019. For affiliates we do not control but over which we have significant influence on financial and operating policies, usually evidenced by a direct ownership interest from 20% to 50%, the investment is accounted for using the equity method.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Adoption of Accounting Pronouncements

Leases

On January 1, ~~2018,~~2019, we adopted the guidance codified in ~~ASC 606,~~Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") 842, ~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers~~Leases, ("ASC 842") using the modified retrospective approach and elected the optional transition method, which allows entities to initially apply the standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Upon adoption, we applied the guidance to all contracts using the modified retrospective method. The new standard converged wide-ranging revenue recognition concepts and requirements that lead to diversity in application for particular industries and transactions into a single revenue standard containing comprehensive principles for recognizing revenue. The cumulative effectexisting leases.

Table of applying the newly issued guidance was not material and accordingly there was no adjustment made to our retained earnings upon adoption on January 1, 2018. We do not expect the newly issued guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements on an ongoing basis. Due to the adoption of ASC 606, we currently present prepaid commissions as an asset within ~~Prepaid expenses and other assets.~~ ~~In addition, we have reclassified prepaid commissions of $64.6 million from~~ ~~Customer deposits~~ to ~~Prepaid expenses and other assets~~ ~~in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017~~. ~~Refer to Note 3.~~ ~~Revenues~~ ~~for disclosures with respect to our revenue recognition policies.~~Contents

~~On January 1, 2018, we adopted the guidance in Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") 2016-16,~~ ~~Income Taxes 740: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory~~, which requires the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, to be recognized at the time that the transfer occurs, rather than when the asset is sold to an outside party. We adopted the standard using the modified retrospective method and recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment to reduce retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 by $6.6 million, which reflects the elimination of the deferred tax asset related to intercompany asset transfers.

~~On January 1, 2018, we adopted the guidance in ASU 2017-12,~~ ~~Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities~~, that was issued to simplify and align the financial reporting of hedging relationships to the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities. We adopted the amended guidance using the modified retrospective approach. Adoption of the guidance allowed us to modify the designated risk in our fair value interest rate hedges to the benchmark interest rate component, resulting in changes to the cumulative and ongoing fair value measurement for the hedged debt. Upon adoption, we also elected to hedge the contractually specified components of our commodities purchase contracts. For our cash flow hedges, there will be no periodic measurement or recognition of ineffectiveness. For all hedges, the earnings effect of the hedging instrument will be reported in the same period and in the same income statement line item in which the earnings effect of the hedged item is reported. As a result of the adoption of this guidance, we recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment to reduce retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 by $16.9 million. The cumulative-effect adjustment includes an increase to the debt carrying value of $14.4 million for our fair value interest rate hedges as of January 1, 2018, which reflects the cumulative fair value measurement change to debt at adoption resulting from the modified designated risk, and an increase to other comprehensive income of $2.5 million, which represents an increase to the deferred gain on active cash flow hedges at adoption. Additionally, the new standard requires modifications to existing presentation and disclosure requirements on a prospective basis. As such, certain disclosures for the six months ended June 30, 2018 conform to these disclosure requirements. Refer to Note 9. ~~Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)~~ ~~and Note 10.~~ ~~Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments~~ ~~for additional information.~~

~~Recent Accounting Pronouncements~~

~~Leases~~

~~In February 2016, amended GAAP guidance was issued to increase the transparency and comparability of lease accounting among organizations.~~ For leases with a term greater than 12 months, the ~~amendments require~~new guidance requires the lease rights and obligations arising from the leasing arrangements, including operating leases, to be recognized as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. The amendments also expand the required disclosures surrounding leasing arrangements. The guidance must be applied using a retrospective application method and will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those years. EarlyUpon adoption ~~is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact~~ of ~~adopting this guidance. In our evaluation, we have identified the contracts that provide an explicit right to use an asset and qualify as a leasing arrangement under~~ the new ~~guidance. We are currently evaluating certain contractual arrangements~~guidance, the most significant impact was the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities relating to ~~determine if they contain an implicit or embedded right to use an asset that would qualify as a leasing arrangement under~~operating leases in the ~~new guidance. Upon implementation~~amounts of $801.8 million and $820.5 million, respectively, reported within Operating lease right-of-use assets and Long-term operating lease liabilities, respectively, with the current portion of the ~~guidance, we expect an increase to both the assets and~~liability reported within Current portion of operating lease liabilities on,in our consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019. Accounting for finance leases remained substantially unchanged and continues to ~~reflect~~

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be reported within Property and equipment, net and Long-term debt, with the lease rights and obligations arising from our operating lease arrangements. In addition, we expect to include additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures regarding our leasing arrangements as required by the guidance.

~~Change in Accounting Principle - Stock-based Compensation~~

In January 2018, we elected to change our accounting policy for recognizing stock-based compensation expense from the graded attribution method to the straight-line attribution method for time-based stock awards. The adoptioncurrent portion of the straight-line attribution method for time-based stock awards represents a change in accounting principle which we believe to be preferable because it is the predominant method used in our industry. A change in accounting principle requires retrospective application, if material. The impactdebt reported within Current portion of the adoption of the straight-line attribution method to our time-based awards was immaterial to prior periods and is expected to be immaterial for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. As a result, we have accounted for this change in accounting principledebt, in our consolidated ~~results for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The~~balance sheets. There was no cumulative effect of ~~this change~~applying the new standard and accordingly there was ~~an increase~~no adjustment to ~~net income of $9.2 million, or $0.04 per share~~our retained earnings upon adoption. The comparative information presented has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for ~~each of basic and diluted earnings per share, for the six months ended June 30, 2018, which is reported within~~those periods. For further information on leases, refer to Note 9. ~~Marketing, selling and administrative expenses~~Leases in.

This guidance did not have a material impact to our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) ~~for the six months ended June 30, 2018.~~

, consolidated statements of cash flows and our debt-covenants calculations under our current agreements.

Note 3. ~~Revenues~~Business Combination

On July 31, 2018, we acquired a 66.7% equity stake in Silversea Cruise Holding Ltd. ("Silversea Cruises"), an ultra-luxury and expedition cruise line with nine ships, from Silversea Cruises Group Ltd. ("SCG"). Silversea Cruises enhances our presence in the ultra-luxury and expedition markets and provides us with an opportunity to drive long-term capacity growth in these markets.

The purchase price consisted of $1.02 billion in cash, net of assumed liabilities, and contingent consideration that can range from zero up to a maximum of approximately 472,000 shares of our common stock, and is payable upon achievement of certain 2019-2020 performance metrics by Silversea Cruises. The fair value of the contingent consideration at the acquisition date was$44.0 million and is recorded within Other long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recorded in our results of operations, if any, in the period of the change. Refer to Note 14. Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments for further information on the valuation of the contingent consideration.

To finance a portion of the purchase price, we drew in full on a $700 million unsecured credit agreement and the remainder of the transaction consideration was financed through the use of our revolving credit facilities.

We have accounted for this transaction underthe provisions of ASC 805, Business Combinations. The purchase price for the Silversea Cruises acquisition was allocated based on estimates of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, with the excess allocated to goodwill. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes and consisted primarily of the opportunity to expand our cruise operations in strategic growth areas.

For reporting purposes, we include Silversea Cruises’ results of operations on a three-month reporting lag from October 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018. We have included Silversea Cruises' balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 in our consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019. Refer to Note 1. General for further information on this three-month reporting lag.

Our purchase price allocation was final as of March 31, 2019. There were no measurement period adjustments recorded during the quarter ended March 31, 2019.

Pro-forma financial results relating to the Silversea Cruises acquisition are not presented, as this acquisition was not material to our consolidated results of operations.

Note 4. Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of finite and indefinite life assets and are reported within Other assets in our consolidated balance sheets.

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The following is a summary of our intangible assets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):



	March 31, 2019
	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Finite-life intangible assets:
Customer relationships	$	97,400	$	2,706	$	94,694
Galapagos operating license	47,669		4,553		43,116
Other finite-life intangible assets	11,560		2,408		9,152
Total finite-life intangible assets	156,629		9,667		146,962
Indefinite-life intangible assets	351,725		—		351,725
Total intangible assets, net	$	508,354	$	9,667	$	498,687



	December 31, 2018
	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Finite-life intangible assets:
Customer relationships	$	97,400	$	1,082	$	96,318
Galapagos operating license	47,669		4,206		43,463
Other finite-life intangible assets	11,560		963		10,597
Total finite-life intangible assets	156,629		6,251		150,378
Indefinite-life intangible assets	351,725		—		351,725
Total intangible assets, net	$	508,354	$	6,251	$	502,103

Amortization expense for finite-life intangible assets was immaterial for the quarters ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018.

The estimated future amortization for finite-life intangible assets for each of the next five years is as follows (in thousands):



Year
Remainder of 2019	$	10,469
2020	$	12,995
2021	$	8,179
2022	$	8,179
2023	$	8,179
2024	$	8,179

Note 5. Revenues

Revenue Recognition

Revenues are measured based on consideration specified in our contracts with customers and are recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied.

The majority of our revenues are derived from passenger cruise contracts which are reported within Passenger ticket revenues in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). Our performance obligation under these contracts is to provide a cruise vacation in exchange for the ticket price. We satisfy this performance obligation and recognize revenue over the duration of each cruise, which generally range from two to 2325 nights.

Passenger ticket revenues include charges to our guests for port costs that vary with passenger head counts. These type of port costs, along with port costs that do not vary by passenger head counts, are included in our operating expenses. The amounts of port costs charged to our guests and included within Passenger ticket revenues on a gross basis were ~~$151.4~~$152.0 million and ~~$143.4~~$136.7 million for the ~~second quarter~~quarters ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Table of ~~2018 and 2017, respectively, and $288.1 million and $277.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.~~Contents

Our total revenues also include onboard and other revenues, which consist primarily of revenues from the sale of goods and services onboard our ships that are not included in passenger ticket prices. We receive payment before or concurrently with the transfer of these goods and services to passengers during a cruise and recognize revenue at the time of transfer over the duration of the related cruise.

~~As a practical expedient, we have omitted disclosures on our remaining performance obligations as the duration of our contracts with customers is less than a year.~~

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Disaggregated Revenues

The following table disaggregates our total revenues by geographic regions where we provide cruise itineraries (in thousands):


	Quarter Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,				Quarter Ended March 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017		2019		2018
Revenues by itinerary
North America⁽¹⁾	$	1,264,167	$	1,246,103	$	2,611,427	$	2,598,272	$	1,681,058	$	1,347,260
Asia/Pacific⁽²⁾	283,198		300,891		816,177		826,747		490,075		532,979
Europe⁽³⁾	597,399		467,829		597,399		467,829		7,982		—
Other regions(4)	101,631		94,719		178,816		159,951		162,505		77,185
Total revenues by itinerary	2,246,395		2,109,542		4,203,819		4,052,799		2,341,620		1,957,424
Other revenues⁽⁴⁾⁽⁵⁾	91,210		85,732		161,542		151,035		98,147		70,332
Total revenues	$	2,337,605	$	2,195,274	$	4,365,361	$	4,203,834	$	2,439,767	$	2,027,756


(1)	Includes the United States, Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean.


(2)	Includes Southeast Asia (e.g., Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines), East Asia (e.g., China and Japan), South Asia (e.g., India and Pakistan) and Oceania (e.g., Australia and Fiji Islands) regions.


(3)	Includes European countries (e.g., Nordics, Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom).


(4)	Includes seasonality impacted itineraries primarily in South and Latin American countries.

(5)

Includes revenues primarily related to cancellation fees, vacation protection insurance, ~~and~~ pre- and post-cruise ~~tours.~~tours and fees for operating certain port facilities. Amounts also include revenues related to our bareboat charter, procurement and management related services we perform on behalf of our unconsolidated affiliates. Refer to Note 5.7. Other Assets for more information on our unconsolidated affiliates.

Passenger ticket revenues are attributed to geographic areas based on where the reservation originates. For the quarters ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2019 and 2018, ~~and 2017,~~ our guests were sourced from the following areas:



	Quarter Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Passenger ticket revenues:
United States	66	%	60	%
Australia	8	%	13	%
All other countries ⁽¹⁾	26	%	27	%

Quarter Ended June 30,
2018 2017
Passenger ticket revenues:
United States 63 % 63 %
United Kingdom 10 % 9 %
All other countries ⁽¹⁾
27 % 28 %

~~For the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, our guests were sourced from the following areas:~~

Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 2017
Passenger ticket revenues:
United States 62 % 62 %
All other countries ⁽¹⁾
38 % 38 %


(1)	No other individual country's revenue exceeded 10% for the quarters ended March 31, 2019 and ~~six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.~~2018.

Customer Deposits and Contract Liabilities

Our payment terms generally require an upfront deposit to confirm a reservation, with the balance due prior to the cruise. Deposits received on sales of passenger cruises are initially recorded as Customer deposits in our consolidated balance sheets and subsequently recognized as passenger ticket revenues during the duration of the cruise. ASC 606,Revenues from Contracts with Customers, defines a “contract liability” as an entity’s obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the entity has received consideration from the customer. We do not consider customer deposits to be a contract liability until the customer no longer retains the unilateral right, resulting from the passage of time, to cancel such customer's reservation and receive a full refund. Customer deposits presented in our

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consolidated balance sheets include contract liabilities of ~~$2.0~~$2.2 billion and ~~$1.4~~$1.9 billion as of ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively. Substantially all of our contract liabilities as of December 31, ~~2017~~2018 were ~~expensed~~recognized and reported within Total revenues in our consolidated ~~statements~~statement of comprehensive income (loss) for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019.

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Contract Receivables and Contract Assets

Although we generally require full payment from our customers prior to their cruise, we grant credit terms to a relatively small portion of our revenue ~~source~~sourced in select markets outside of the United States. As a result, we have outstanding receivables from passenger cruise contracts in those markets. We also have receivables from credit card merchants for cruise ticket purchases and goods and services sold to guests during cruises that are collected before, during or shortly after the cruise voyage. In addition, we have receivables due from concessionaires onboard our vessels. These receivables are included within Trade and other receivables, net in our consolidated balance sheets.

We have contract assets that are conditional rights to consideration for satisfying the construction services performance obligations under a service concession arrangement. As of ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, our contract assets were ~~$58.9~~$57.2 million and ~~$60.1~~$57.8 million, respectively, and were included within Other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Given the short duration of our cruises and our collection terms, we do not have any other significant contract assets.

Assets Recognized from the Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer

Prepaid travel agent commissions are an incremental cost of obtaining contracts with customers that we recognize as an asset and include within Prepaid expenses and other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Prepaid travel agent commissions were ~~$148.2~~$182.9 million and ~~$64.6~~$153.5 million as of ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively. Substantially all of our prepaid travel agent commissions at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 were expensed and reported within Commissions, transportation and other in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019.

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Note 4.6. Earnings Per Share

A reconciliation between basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):



	Quarter Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Net Income attributable to Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. for basic and diluted earnings per share	$	249,681	$	218,653
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	209,322		212,610
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards	552		992
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding	209,874		213,602
Basic earnings per share	$	1.19	$	1.03
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.19	$	1.02

Quarter Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 2017 2018 2017
Net income for basic and diluted earnings per share $ 466,295
$ 369,526
$ 684,948
$ 584,252
Weighted-average common shares outstanding 211,673
215,085
212,139
214,978
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards and stock options 836
977
940
966
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding 212,509
216,062
213,079
215,944
Basic earnings per share $ 2.20
$ 1.72
$ 3.23
$ 2.72
Diluted earnings per share $ 2.19
$ 1.71
$ 3.21
$ 2.71

There were no antidilutive shares for the quarters ended March 31, 2019 and ~~six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.~~2018.

Note 5.7. Other Assets

A Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) is an entity in which the equity investors have not provided enough equity to finance the entity’s activities or the equity investors: (1) cannot directly or indirectly make decisions about the entity’s activities through their voting rights or similar rights; (2) do not have the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity; (3) do not have the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity; or (4) have voting rights that are not proportionate to their economic interests and the entity’s activities involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor with a disproportionately small voting interest.

We have determined that TUI Cruises GmbH, our 50%-owned joint venture, which operates the brand TUI Cruises, is a VIE. As of ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2019, the net book value of our investment in TUI Cruises was $537.5 million, primarily consisting of $370.4 million in equity and a loan of €146.6 million, or approximately $164.6 million based on the exchange rate at March 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2018, the net book value of our investment in TUI Cruises was ~~approximately $537.4~~$578.1 million, primarily consisting of ~~$349.3~~$403.0 million in equity and a loan of ~~€158.5~~€150.6 million, or approximately $185.1 million based on the exchange rate at June 30, 2018. As of December 31, 2017, the net book value of our investment in TUI Cruises was approximately $624.5 million, primarily consisting of $422.8 million in equity and a loan of €166.5 million, or approximately $199.8$172.2 million based on the exchange rate at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. The loan, which was made in connection with the sale of Splendour of the Seas in April 2016, accrues interest at a rate of 6.25% per annum and is payable over 10 years. This loan is 50% guaranteed by TUI AG, our joint venture partner in TUI Cruises, and is secured by a first priority mortgage on the ship. The majority of these amounts were included within Other assets in our consolidated balance sheets.

In addition, we and TUI AG have each guaranteed the repayment by TUI Cruises of 50% of a bank loan. As of ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, the outstanding principal amount of the loan was ~~€41.3~~€34.4 million, or approximately ~~$48.2~~$38.6 million based on the exchange rate at ~~June 30, 2018. In April 2018,~~ ~~Mein Schiff 1~~ ~~was sold to an affiliate of TUI AG. The proceeds were used to repay €44.2 million of the bank loan during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and secure the release of the first mortgage on~~ ~~Mein Schiff 1~~.March 31, 2019. The loan amortizes quarterly and is currently secured by a first mortgage on Mein Schiff 2Herz. Based on current

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facts and circumstances, we do not believe potential obligations under our guarantee of this bank loan are probable. In addition to our guarantee of the bank loan, TUI Cruises has various ship construction and financing agreements which include certain restrictions on each of our and TUI AG’s ability to reduce our current ownership interest in TUI Cruises below 37.55% through May ~~2028.~~

2031.

Our investment amount, outstanding term loan and the potential obligations under the bank loan guarantee are substantially our maximum exposure to loss in connection with our investment in TUI Cruises. We have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of TUI Cruises. We believe that the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact TUI Cruises’ economic performance are shared between ourselves and TUI AG. All the significant operating and financial decisions of TUI Cruises require the consent of both parties, which we believe creates shared power over TUI Cruises. Accordingly, we do not consolidate this entity and account for this investment under the equity method of accounting.

~~In March 2009, we sold~~ ~~Celebrity Galaxy~~ ~~to TUI Cruises for €224.4 million or $290.9 million to serve as the original~~ ~~Mein Schiff 1.~~ Due to the related party nature of this transaction, the gain on the sale of the ship of $35.9 million was deferred and being recognized over the remaining life of the ship which was estimated to be 23 years. As mentioned above, in April 2018, TUI Cruises sold the original ~~Mein Schiff 1~~ ~~and as a result we accelerated the recognition of the remaining balance of the deferred gain which was $21.8 million. This amount is included within~~ ~~Other income (expense)~~ ~~in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018.~~

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We have determined that Pullmantur Holdings S.L. ("Pullmantur Holdings"), in which we have a 49% noncontrolling interest and Springwater Capital LLC has a 51% interest, is a VIE for which we are not the primary beneficiary, as we do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance. Accordingly, we do not consolidate this entity and we account for this investment under the equity method of accounting. As of ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our maximum exposure to loss in Pullmantur Holdings was ~~approximately $58.8~~$63.7 million ~~consisting of loans~~ and ~~other receivables. As of December 31, 2017, our maximum exposure to loss in Pullmantur Holdings was approximately $53.7~~$58.5 million, respectively, consisting of loans and other receivables. These amounts were included within Trade and other receivables, net and Other assets in our consolidated balance sheets.

We have provided a non-revolving working capital facility to a Pullmantur Holdings subsidiary in the amount of up to €15.0 million or approximately ~~$17.5~~$16.8 million based on the exchange rate at ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. Proceeds of the facility, which ~~may~~were available to be drawn through December 2018 ~~will bear~~accrue interest at ~~the~~an interest rate of 6.5% per annum and are payable through 2022. An affiliate of Springwater Capital LLC ~~51% owner of Pullmantur Holdings,~~ has guaranteed repayment of 51% of the outstanding amounts under the facility. As of ~~June 30, 2018, €8.0~~March 31, 2019, €14.0 million, or approximately ~~$9.3~~$15.7 million, based on the exchange rate at ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2019, was outstanding under this facility. As of December 31, 2018, €14.0 million, or approximately $16.0 million, based on the exchange rate at December 31, 2018, was ~~drawn on~~outstanding under this facility.

We have determined that Grand Bahama Shipyard Ltd. (“Grand Bahama”), a ship repair and maintenance facility in which we have a 40% noncontrolling interest, is a VIE. This facility serves cruise and cargo ships, oil and gas tankers and offshore units. We utilize this facility, among other ship repair facilities, for our regularly scheduled drydocks and certain emergency repairs as may be required. During the ~~quarter~~quarters ended March 31, 2019 and ~~six months ended June 30,~~ 2018, we made payments of ~~$1.9~~$40.3 million and ~~$24.3 million respectively, to Grand Bahama for ship repair and maintenance services. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2017, we made payments of $3.9 million and $5.5~~$22.3 million, respectively, to Grand Bahama for ship repair and maintenance services. We have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of this facility as we do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the facility’s economic performance. Accordingly, we do not consolidate this entity and we account for this investment under the equity method of accounting. As of ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2019, the net book value of our investment in Grand Bahama was $64.1 million, consisting of $51.2 million in equity and a loan of $12.9 million. As of December 31, 2018, the net book value of our investment in Grand Bahama was ~~approximately $58.7~~$56.1 million, consisting of ~~$44.6~~$41.4 million in equity and a loan of ~~$14.1 million. As of December 31, 2017, the net book value of our investment in Grand Bahama was approximately $49.4 million, consisting of $32.4 million in equity and a loan of $17.0~~$14.6 million. These amounts represent our maximum exposure to loss related to our investment in Grand Bahama. Our loan to Grand Bahama matures in March 2025 and bears interest at the lower of (i) LIBOR plus 3.50% and (ii) ~~5.5%~~5.50%. Interest payable on the loan is due on a semi-annual basis. We have experienced strong payment performance on the loan since its amendment in 2016, and as a result completed an evaluation and review of the loan resulting in a reclassification of the loan to accrual status as of October 2017. During the ~~quarter~~quarters ended March 31, 2019 and ~~six months ended June 30,~~ 2018, we received principal and interest payments of ~~approximately $11.2~~$6.6 million and ~~$14.2 million, respectively. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2017, we received principal payments of approximately $3.9 million and $4.2~~$3.0 million, respectively. The loan balance is included within Other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. The loan is currently accruing interest under the effective yield ~~method, which includes the recognition of previously unrecognized interest that accumulated while the loan was in non-accrual status.~~method.

We monitor credit risk associated with the loan through our participation on Grand Bahama’s board of directors along with our review of Grand Bahama’s financial statements and projected cash flows. Based on this review, we believe the risk of loss associated with the outstanding loan is not probable as of ~~June 30, 2018.~~

March 31, 2019.

~~We have determined that~~In March 2018, we and Ctrip.com International Ltd. ("Ctrip") announced the decision to end the Skysea Holding International Ltd. ("Skysea Holding"), venture in which we ~~currently~~ have a 36% ~~noncontrolling interest, is~~ownership interest. As a VIE for which we are not the primary beneficiary, as we do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance. Accordingly, we do not consolidate this entity and we account for this investment under the equity method of accounting. In December 2014, we and Ctrip, which also owns 36% of Skysea Holding, each provided a debt facility to a wholly owned subsidiary of Skysea Holding in the amount of $80.0 million, with an applicable interest rate of 6.5% per annum, which originally matured in January 2030. The facilities, which are pari passu to each other, are each 100% guaranteed by Skysea Holding and are secured by first priority mortgages on the ship, ~~Golden Era.~~ ~~Due to payment performance, the loans were classified to non-accrual status in 2017.~~

In March 2018, Skysea Holding's board of directors agreed to exit the business given increasing challenges faced by the brand. We expect Skysea Holding will cease business operations by the end of 2018. In connection with the decision to dissolve the brand, SkySea Holding has agreed to sell the ~~Golden Era~~ ~~to an affiliate of TUI AG, our joint venture partner in TUI Cruises.~~

We review our equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment may not be recoverable. Given SkySea Holding’s planned dissolution and sale of ~~Golden Era,~~result, we reviewed the recoverability of our investment ~~debt facility~~in Skysea Holding and ~~other receivables due from the brand. As a result of this analysis, we~~ determined that our investment, ~~in SkySea Holding and the carrying value of our~~ debt facility and other receivables due from the brand were impaired ~~as of March 31, 2018~~ and recognized an impairment charge of $23.3 ~~million.~~million, which was included within Other expense in our consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) for the quarter ended March 31, 2018. The charge reflected a full impairment of our investment in ~~SkySea~~Skysea Holding and other receivables due to us and reduced the debt facility and ~~other receivables~~the related accrued interest due to us from Skysea Holding to ~~their~~its net realizable ~~value as~~value. In December 2018, the Golden Era, the ship operated by SkySea Cruises, and owned by a wholly-owned subsidiary of Skysea Holding, was sold to an affiliate of TUI AG. Proceeds from the sale were distributed to Ctrip and us, which eliminated our net receivable balance due from Skysea Holding, resulting in no further impairment charges. As of March 31, ~~2018. This impairment charge was recognized in~~ ~~Other income (expense)~~ ~~within our consolidated statements~~

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~~of comprehensive income (loss) for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Refer to Note 10.~~ ~~Fair Value Measurements~~2019 and ~~Derivative Instruments~~ ~~for further information on the fair value calculation of the debt facility.~~

~~As of June 30,~~December 31, 2018, the net book value of our investment in Skysea Holding and its subsidiaries was approximately $64.7 million, consisting of the net book value of the $80.0 million debt facility, its related accrued interest and other receivables due from Skysea Holding. Due to the expected sale of ~~Golden Era~~ ~~in December of 2018, the amount was included within~~ ~~Trade and other receivables, net~~ ~~in our consolidated balance sheets and represents our maximum exposure~~we do not have any material exposures to loss related to our investment in Skysea ~~Holding as~~Holding.

Table of June 30, 2018. As of December 31, 2017, the net book value of our investment in Skysea Holding and its subsidiaries was approximately $96.0 million, which consisted of $4.4 million in equity and loans and other receivables of $91.6 million. The majority of these amounts were included within ~~Other assets~~ ~~in our consolidated balance sheets and represented our maximum exposure to loss related to our investment in Skysea Holding as of December 31, 2017.~~Contents

The following tables set forth information regarding our investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting, including the entities discussed above (in thousands):


									Quarter Ended March 31,
	Quarter Ended June 30, 2018		Quarter Ended June 30, 2017		Six Months Ended June 30, 2018		Six Months Ended June 30, 2017		2019		2018
Share of equity income from investments	$	44,311	$	23,359	$	73,063	$	35,239	$	33,694	$	28,752
Dividends received	$	121,024	$	29,405	$	158,942	$	57,402
Dividends received ⁽¹⁾									$	42,435	$	37,918


(1)	For the quarter ended March 31, 2019, amount includes a €50.0 million dividend from TUI Cruises, net of tax withholdings.


	As of June 30, 2018		As of December 31, 2017		As of March 31, 2019		As of December 31, 2018
Total notes receivable due from equity investments	$	277,635	$	314,323	$	193,351	$	201,979
Less-current portion⁽¹⁾	89,632		38,658		19,681		19,075
Long-term portion⁽²⁾	$	188,003	$	275,665	$	173,670	$	182,904


(1)	Included within Trade and other receivables, net in our consolidated balance sheets.


(2)	Included within Other assets in our consolidated balance sheets.

We also provide ship management services to TUI Cruises GmbH, Pullmantur Holdings and Skysea ~~Holding.~~Holding (which ceased cruising operations in September 2018). Additionally, we bareboat charter to Pullmantur Holdings the vessels currently operated by its brands, which were retained by us following the sale of our 51% interest in Pullmantur Holdings. We recorded the following as it relates to these services in our operating results within our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) (in thousands):


									Quarter Ended March 31,
	Quarter Ended June 30, 2018		Quarter Ended June 30, 2017		Six Months Ended June 30, 2018		Six Months Ended June 30, 2017		2019		2018
Revenues	$	14,157	$	13,318	$	28,230	$	25,933	$	11,882	$	14,073
Expenses	$	3,270	$	4,020	$	6,908	$	7,733	$	974	$	3,638

Note ~~6. Long-Term~~8. Debt

In June 2018, we entered into a credit agreement for the financing of a portion of the purchase price payable for the Silversea Cruises acquisition and to pay related fees and expenses. This agreement makes available to us an unsecured U.S. dollar denominated term loan with a maximum aggregate principal amount of $700 million. On July 31, 2018, we closed on the Silversea Cruises acquisition and subsequently drew in full on this credit agreement. The loan is due in July 2019 and we are required to prepay the loan with the proceeds of certain debt issuances prior to maturity. Interest on the loan will accrue at a floating rate based on LIBOR plus a margin that varies with our credit rating and which is currently 1.00%.

In June 2018, we established a commercial paper program pursuant to which we may issue short-term unsecured notes from time to time in an aggregate amount of up to $1.2 billion. The interest rate for the commercial paper notes varies based on duration, market conditions and our credit ratings. The maturities of the commercial paper notes can vary, but cannot exceed 397 days from the date of issuance. We use the proceeds from our commercial paper notes for general corporate purposes. The commercial paper issued ~~will be~~is backstopped by our revolving credit facilities. As of ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, we had ~~not issued any~~$1.1 billion of commercial paper notes ~~under this program~~outstanding with a weighted average interest rate of 3.04% and asa weighted average maturity of ~~July~~approximately 34 days. As of December 31, 2018, we had ~~$415.0~~$777.0 million of commercial paper notes ~~outstanding.~~outstanding with a weighted average interest rate of 3.19% and a weighted average maturity of approximately 23 days.

In April 2019, we amended our $1.4 billion unsecured revolving credit facility due in 2020 to extend the termination date through April 2024 and increase the facility size to $1.7 billion. The interest rate and facility fee vary with our senior debt rating and are currently set at LIBOR plus 1.0% per annum and 0.125% per annum, respectively. These amendments did not result in the extinguishment of debt.

In April 2019, we entered into and drew in full on an unsecured three-year term loan agreement in the amount of $1.0 billion. The loan accrues interest at a floating rate of LIBOR plus an applicable margin, which varies with our senior debt rating, and is currently 1.075% per annum. Proceeds of this loan were used to repay the $700 million 364-day loan due July 2019 related to the acquisition of Silversea Cruises and the remaining balance of the unsecured term loan originally incurred in 2010 to purchase Allure of the Seas. The repayment of these loans resulted in a total loss on the extinguishment of debt of approximately $6.5 million, which will be recognized in the statement of comprehensive income (loss) subsequent to March ~~2018,~~31, 2019.

In April 2019, we took delivery of ~~Symphony~~Spectrum of the Seas. ~~We had previously entered into~~To finance the purchase, we borrowed $908.0 million under a financing arrangement for the United States dollar financing of this ship in January 2015. Through the financing arrangement, we had the right, but not the obligation, to satisfy the obligations to be incurred upon delivery and acceptance of the vessel under the shipbuilding contract by

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~~assuming through a novation agreement, at delivery and acceptance, the debt indirectly incurred by the shipbuilder during the construction of the ship. We borrowed a total of $1.2 billion under our~~ previously committed unsecured term loan which ~~includes~~is 95% guaranteed by Euler Hermes Deutschland AG, the ~~execution~~official export credit agency of ~~the novation to satisfy a portion of our final obligation under our shipbuilding agreement.~~Germany. The loan amortizes semi-annually over 12 years and bears interest at a fixed rate of ~~3.82%.~~3.45% per annum.

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Note 9. Leases

Our operating leases primarily relate to preferred berthing arrangements, real estate and shipboard equipment and are included within Operating lease right-of-use assets, and Long-term operating lease liabilities with the current portion of the liability included within Current portion of operating lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. We recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Refer to Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for further information on the adoption of ASC 842.

Our finance leases primarily relate to two ships, Silver Whisper and Silver Explorer, operated by Silversea Cruises. Finance leases are included within Property and equipment, net and Long-term debt, with the current portion of the debt reported within Current portion of debt, in our consolidated balance sheets.Thefinance lease for Silver Whisper will expire in 2022, subject to an option to purchase the ship, and the finance lease for Silver Explorer will expire in 2021, subject to an option to extend the lease for up to an additional six years.

For some of our real estate leases and berthing agreements, we do have the option to extend our current lease term. For those lease agreements with renewal options, the renewal periods for real estate leases range from one to 10 years and the renewal periods for berthing agreements range from one to 20 years. Generally, we do not include renewal options as a component of our present value calculation for berthing agreements. However, for certain real estate leases, we include them. Additionally, we do have a residual value guarantee associated with our lease of a terminal at PortMiami in Miami, Florida that approximates a percentage of cost of the asset as of the inception of the lease. We consider the possibility of incurring costs associated with the residual value guarantee to be remote.

As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments. We estimate our incremental borrowing rates based on LIBOR and U.S. Treasury note rates corresponding to lease terms increased by the Company’s credit risk spread and reduced by the estimated impact of collateral.We used the incremental borrowing rate as of the adoption date for operating leases that commenced prior to that date. In addition, we have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for separately. However, for berthing agreements, we account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

Additionally, we bareboat charter to Pullmantur Holdings the vessels currently operated by its brands, which were retained by us following the sale of our 51% interest in Pullmantur Holdings in 2016. We account for the bareboat charters of these vessels as operating leases for which we are the lessor. The remaining payments and term of these leases are immaterial to our consolidated financial statements.

Supplemental balance sheet information for leases was as follows (in thousands):



	As of March 31, 2019
Lease assets:
Finance lease right-of-use assets, net:
Property and equipment, gross	$	246,682
Accumulated depreciation	(39,882		)
Property and equipment, net	206,800
Operating lease right-of-use assets	777,551
Total lease assets	$	984,351
Lease liabilities:
Finance lease liabilities:
Current portion of debt	$	33,068
Long-term debt	94,127
Total finance lease liabilities	127,195
Operating lease liabilities:
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	88,497
Long-term operating lease liabilities	708,371
Total operating lease liabilities	796,868
Total lease liabilities	$	924,063

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The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):



	Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) Classification	Quarter Ended March 31, 2019
Lease costs:
Operating lease costs	Commission, transportation and other	$	19,056
Operating lease costs	Other operating expenses	6,931
Operating lease costs	Marketing, selling and administrative expenses	5,679
Financial lease costs:
Amortization of right-of-use-assets	Depreciation and amortization expenses	3,195
Interest on lease liabilities	Interest expense, net of interest capitalized	596
Total lease costs		$	35,457

In addition, certain of our berth agreements include variable lease costs based on the number of passengers berthed. During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, we had $34.3 million of variable lease costs recorded within Commission, transportation and other in our consolidated statement of ~~cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2018, the acceptance~~comprehensive income (loss).

Weighted average of the ~~ship~~remaining lease terms and ~~satisfaction~~weighted average discount rates are as follows:



	As of March 31, 2019
Weighted average of the remaining lease term
Operating leases	10.8 years
Finance leases	3.6 years
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases	4.6	%
Finance leases	3.8	%

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows (in thousands):



	Quarter Ended March 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	31,981
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	596
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	3,606

As of ~~our obligation under the shipbuilding contract was classified~~March 31, 2019, maturities related to lease liabilities were as ~~an outflow and constructive disbursement within~~ ~~Investing Activities~~ ~~while the amounts novated and effectively advanced from our lender under our previously committed unsecured term loan were classified as an inflow and constructive receipt within~~ ~~Financing Activities~~.follows (in thousands):



Year	Operating Leases			Finance Leases
Remainder of 2019	$	95,927		$	32,468
2020	126,959			36,334
2021	114,278			39,139
2022	107,885			16,097
2023	105,846			5,089
Thereafter	522,270			10,413
Total lease payments	1,073,165			139,540
Less: Interest	(276,297		)	(12,345		)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	796,868		$	127,195

Operating lease payments include $41.0 million related to options to extend lease terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised.

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Under ASC 840, Leases, future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2018 were as follows (in thousands):



Year
2019	$	67,682
2020	64,237
2021	56,142
2022	52,759
2023	52,522
Thereafter	383,974
	$	677,316

Note 10. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

In connection with the acquisition of Silversea Cruises, we recorded a redeemable noncontrolling interest of $537.8 million due to the put options held by SCG. The put options may require us to purchase SCG's remaining interest, or 33.3% of Silversea Cruises, upon the occurrence or nonoccurrence of certain future events that are not solely within our control. At the acquisition date, the estimated fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest was based on 33.3% of Silversea Cruises' equity value, which was determined based on the transaction price paid for 66.7% of Silversea Cruises. As of March ~~2018, we entered into~~31, 2019, SCG's interest is presented as Redeemable noncontrolling interest and ~~drew~~is classified outside of shareholders' equity in ~~full on a credit agreement~~our consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, the noncontrolling interest's share in the ~~amount~~net earnings (loss) and contractual accretion requirements associated with the put options are included in Net Income attributable to noncontrolling interest in our consolidated statements of ~~$130.0 million due February 2023.~~ comprehensive income (loss).

The ~~loan accrues~~following table presents changes in the redeemable noncontrolling interest ~~at a floating rate of LIBOR plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin varies with our debt rating and was 1.195%~~ as of ~~June 30, 2018. Amounts from the issuance of this loan were used for capital expenditures.~~March 31, 2019 (in thousands):



Beginning balance January 1, 2019	$	542,020
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest, including the contractual accretion of the put options	7,125
Other	500
Ending balance March 31, 2019	$	549,645

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Note 7.11. Commitments and Contingencies

Ship Purchase Obligations

Our future capital commitments consist primarily of new ship orders. As of ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, we had two Quantum-class ships, one Oasis-class ship and two ships of a new generation of ships, known as our Icon-class, on order for our Royal Caribbean International brand with an aggregate capacity of approximately 25,300 berths. ~~Additionally, as~~As of ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, we have ~~four~~three Edge-class ships ~~of a new generation of ships, known as our Edge-class,~~ and a ship designed for the Galapagos Islands on order for our Celebrity Cruises brand with an aggregate capacity of approximately ~~12,300~~9,400 berths. Additionally, as of March 31, 2019, we have three ships on order for our Silversea Cruises brand with an aggregate capacity of approximately 1,200 berths.

In September 2018, Silversea Cruises signed a memorandum of understanding with Meyer Werft (the "MOU") to build two ships of a new generation of ships. The ships are expected to have an aggregate capacity of approximately 1,200 berths and are expected to enter service in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The MOU with Meyer Werft was contingent upon the completion of final documentation, which was completed in April 2019.

In February 2019, we entered into an agreement with Chantiers de l’Atlantique to build the sixth Oasis-class ship for Royal Caribbean International. The ship is expected to have an aggregate capacity of approximately 5,700 berths and is expected to enter service in the fourth quarter of 2023. The order with Chantiers de l’Atlantique is contingent upon completion of conditions precedent and financing, which is expected to be completed in 2019.

In April 2019, we entered into an agreement with Chantiers de l’Atlantique to build the fifth Edge-class ship for Celebrity Cruises. The ship is expected to have an aggregate capacity of approximately 3,200 berths and is expected to enter service in the fourth quarter of 2024. The order with Chantiers de l’Atlantique is contingent upon completion of conditions precedent and financing.

As of ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, the aggregate cost of our ships on order, not including any ships on order by our Partner Brands, and the two ships under the MOU for Silversea Cruises and the sixth Oasis-class ship for Royal Caribbean International that remain contingent upon the items discussed above, was ~~approximately~~ $11.4 billion, of which we had deposited ~~$586.1~~$667.8 million. Approximately ~~54.3%~~54.0% of the aggregate cost was exposed to fluctuations in the Euro exchange rate at ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. Refer to Note ~~10.~~14. Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments for further information.

Litigation

We are routinely involved in claims typical within the cruise vacation industry. The majority of these claims are covered by insurance. We believe the outcome of such claims, net of expected insurance recoveries, will not have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations and cash flows.

Other

In July 2016, we executed an agreement with Miami Dade County (“MDC”), which was simultaneously assigned to Sumitomo Banking Corporation (“SMBC”), to lease land from MDC and construct a new cruise terminal at PortMiami in Miami, Florida. The terminal is expected to be approximately 170,000 square feet and will serve as a homeport. During the construction period, SMBC will fund the costs of the terminal’s construction and land lease. Upon completion of the terminal's construction, which is expected to occur during the fourth quarter of 2018, we will operate and lease the terminal from SMBC for a five-year term. We determined that the lease arrangement between SMBC and us should be accounted for as an operating lease upon completion of the terminal.

If any person acquires ownership of more than 50% of our common stock or, subject to certain exceptions, during any 24-month period, a majority of our board of directors is no longer comprised of individuals who were members of our board of directors on the first day of such period, we may be obligated to prepay indebtedness outstanding under our credit facilities, which we may be unable to replace on similar terms. Our public debt securities also contain change of control provisions that would be triggered by a third-party acquisition of greater than 50% of our common stock coupled with a ratings downgrade. If this were to occur, it would have an adverse impact on our liquidity and operations.

Note 8.12. Shareholders’ Equity

During the first quarter of 2019, we declared a cash dividend on our common stock of $0.70 per share, which was paid in April 2019. During the first quarter of 2019, we also paid a cash dividend on our common stock of $0.70 per share, which was declared during the fourth quarter of 2018.

During ~~both~~the first ~~and second quarters~~quarter of 2018, we declared a cash dividend on our common stock of $0.60 per share, which was paid in April ~~2018 and July 2018, respectively.~~2018. During the first quarter of 2018, we also paid a cash dividend on our common stock of $0.60 per share, which was declared during the fourth quarter of 2017.

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During both first and second quarters of 2017, we declared a cash dividend on our common stock of $0.48 per share which was paid in April 2017 and July 2017, respectively. During the first quarter of 2017, we also paid a cash dividend on our common stock of $0.48 per share which was declared during the fourth quarter of 2016.

In May 2018, our board of directors authorized a 24-month common stock repurchase program for up to $1.0 billion. The timing and number of shares to be repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including price and market conditions. Repurchases under the program may be made at management's discretion from time to time on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. During the ~~second~~first quarter of 2019, there were no common stock repurchases under this program. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we repurchased ~~1.3~~2.8 million shares of our common stock under this program, for a total of ~~$137.5~~

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$300.0 million, in open market ~~transactions~~transactions. As of March 31, 2019, we have approximately $700.0 million that ~~were recorded within~~ ~~Treasury stock~~ ~~in our consolidated balance sheet. In July 2018, we repurchased an additional 1.5 million shares~~remains available for ~~a total of $162.5 million in open market transactions.~~

~~In April 2017, our board of directors authorized a 12-month common~~future stock repurchase ~~program for up to $500.0 million that was completed in February 2018. During the first quarter of 2018, we repurchased 2.1 million shares of~~transactions under our ~~common stock for a total of $275.0 million in open market transactions that were recorded within~~ ~~Treasury stock~~ ~~in our consolidated balance sheet. Our repurchases under this program, including the 1.8 million shares repurchased for $225.0 million during 2017, totaled $500.0 million.~~

Board authorized program.

Note 9.13. Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the ~~six months~~quarters ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2019 and 2018 ~~and 2017~~ (in thousands):


	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018												Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017												Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Quarter Ended March 31, 2019												Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Quarter Ended March 31, 2018
	Changes related to cash flow derivative hedges			Changes in defined benefit plans			Foreign currency translation adjustments			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Changes related to cash flow derivative hedges			Changes in defined benefit plans			Foreign currency translation adjustments			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Changes related to cash flow derivative hedges			Changes in defined benefit plans			Foreign currency translation adjustments			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Changes related to cash flow derivative hedges			Changes in defined benefit plans			Foreign currency translation adjustments			Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Accumulated comprehensive loss at beginning of the year	$	(250,355	)	$	(33,666	)	$	(50,244	)	$	(334,265	)	$	(820,850	)	$	(28,083	)	$	(67,551	)	$	(916,484	)	$	(537,216	)	$	(26,023	)	$	(64,495	)	$	(627,734	)	$	(250,355	)	$	(33,666	)	$	(50,244	)	$	(334,265	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	69,932			5,082			(10,361		)	64,653			43,408			(4,847		)	8,321			46,882			61,565			(841		)	564			61,288			127,616			7,417			1,160			136,193
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	3,698			714			—			4,412			108,007			557			—			108,564			(12,722		)	188			—			(12,534		)	14,914			343			—			15,257
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	73,630			5,796			(10,361		)	69,065			151,415			(4,290		)	8,321			155,446			48,843			(653		)	564			48,754			142,530			7,760			1,160			151,450
Ending balance	$	(176,725	)	$	(27,870	)	$	(60,605	)	$	(265,200	)	$	(669,435	)	$	(32,373	)	$	(59,230	)	$	(761,038	)	$	(488,373	)	$	(26,676	)	$	(63,931	)	$	(578,980	)	$	(107,825	)	$	(25,906	)	$	(49,084	)	$	(182,815	)

The following table presents reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the quarters ended March 31, 2019 and ~~six months ended June 30,~~ 2018 ~~and 2017~~ (in thousands):


	Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Income													Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Income
Details About Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components	Quarter Ended June 30, 2018			Quarter Ended June 30, 2017			Six Months Ended June 30, 2018			Six Months Ended June 30, 2017			Affected Line Item in Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Quarter Ended March 31, 2019			Quarter Ended March 31, 2018			Affected Line Item in Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Gain (loss) on cash flow derivative hedges:
Interest rate swaps	$	(2,138	)	$	(7,863	)	$	(8,976	)	$	(16,720	)	Interest expense, net of interest capitalized	$	(391	)	$	(6,838	)	Interest expense, net of interest capitalized
Foreign currency forward contracts	(3,156		)	(2,710		)	(6,468		)	(5,420		)	Depreciation and amortization expenses	(3,334		)	(3,312		)	Depreciation and amortization expenses
Foreign currency forward contracts	14,601			(4,105		)	14,643			(7,675		)	Other income (expense)	(1,315		)	42			Other income (expense)
Foreign currency collar options	—			(602		)	—			(1,204		)	Depreciation and amortization expenses	—			—			Depreciation and amortization expenses
Fuel swaps	(133		)	2,498			192			4,775			Other income (expense)	(256		)	325			Other income (expense)
Fuel swaps	2,043			(41,835		)	(3,089		)	(81,763		)	Fuel	18,018			(5,131		)	Fuel
	11,217			(54,617		)	(3,698		)	(108,007		)		12,722			(14,914		)
Amortization of defined benefit plans:
Actuarial loss	(372		)	(293		)	(714		)	(557		)	Payroll and related	(188		)	(343		)	Payroll and related
	(372		)	(293		)	(714		)	(557		)		(188		)	(343		)
Total reclassifications for the period	$	10,845		$	(54,910	)	$	(4,412	)	$	(108,564	)		$	12,534		$	(15,257	)

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Note ~~10.~~14. Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments

Fair Value Measurements

The estimated fair value of our financial instruments that are not measured at fair value, categorized based upon the fair value hierarchy, are as follows (in thousands):


	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2018 Using										Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using										Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2019 Using										Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018 Using
Description	Total Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Level 1⁽¹⁾		Level 2⁽²⁾		Level 3⁽³⁾		Total Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Level 1⁽¹⁾		Level 2⁽²⁾		Level 3⁽³⁾		Total Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Level 1⁽¹⁾		Level 2⁽²⁾		Level 3⁽³⁾		Total Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Level 1⁽¹⁾		Level 2⁽²⁾		Level 3⁽³⁾
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents⁽⁴⁾	$	108,998	$	108,998	$	108,998	$	—	$	—	$	120,112	$	120,112	$	120,112	$	—	$	—	$	248,197	$	248,197	$	248,197	$	—	$	—	$	287,852	$	287,852	$	287,852	$	—	$	—
Total Assets	$	108,998	$	108,998	$	108,998	$	—	$	—	$	120,112	$	120,112	$	120,112	$	—	$	—	$	248,197	$	248,197	$	248,197	$	—	$	—	$	287,852	$	287,852	$	287,852	$	—	$	—
Liabilities:
Long-term debt (including current portion of long-term debt)⁽⁵⁾	$	8,474,818	$	8,964,142	$	—	$	8,964,142	$	—	$	7,506,312	$	8,038,092	$	—	$	8,038,092	$	—
Long-term debt (including current portion of debt)⁽⁵⁾																					$	9,045,459	$	9,581,920	$	—	$	9,581,920	$	—	$	9,871,267	$	10,244,214	$	—	$	10,244,214	$	—
Total Liabilities	$	8,474,818	$	8,964,142	$	—	$	8,964,142	$	—	$	7,506,312	$	8,038,092	$	—	$	8,038,092	$	—	$	9,045,459	$	9,581,920	$	—	$	9,581,920	$	—	$	9,871,267	$	10,244,214	$	—	$	10,244,214	$	—

(1) Inputs based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access. Valuation of these items does not entail a significant amount of judgment.

(2) Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the liability, either directly or indirectly. For unsecured revolving credit facilities and unsecured term loans, fair value is determined utilizing the income valuation approach. This valuation model takes into account the contract terms of our debt such as the debt maturity and the interest rate on the debt. The valuation model also takes into account the creditworthiness of the Company.

(3) Inputs that are unobservable. The Company did not use any Level 3 inputs as of ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

(4) Consists of cash and marketable securities with original maturities of less than 90 days.

(5) Consists of unsecured revolving credit facilities, senior notes, senior debentures and term loans. ~~This does~~These amounts do not include our capital lease ~~obligations.~~obligations or commercial paper.

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Other Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued interest, ~~and~~ accrued expenses and commercial paper approximate fair value at ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and December 31, ~~2017.~~

2018.

Assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value have been categorized based upon the fair value hierarchy. The following table presents information about the Company’s financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):


	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2018 Using								Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using								Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2019 Using								Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018 Using
Description	Total		Level 1⁽¹⁾		Level 2⁽²⁾		Level 3⁽³⁾		Total		Level 1⁽¹⁾		Level 2⁽²⁾		Level 3⁽³⁾		Total		Level 1⁽¹⁾		Level 2⁽²⁾		Level 3⁽³⁾		Total		Level 1⁽¹⁾		Level 2⁽²⁾		Level 3⁽³⁾
Assets:
Derivative financial instruments⁽⁴⁾	$	296,646	$	—	$	296,646	$	—	$	320,385	$	—	$	320,385	$	—	$	119,082	$	—	$	119,082	$	—	$	65,297	$	—	$	65,297	$	—
Investments⁽⁵⁾	—		—		—		—		3,340		3,340		—		—
Total Assets	$	296,646	$	—	$	296,646	$	—	$	323,725	$	3,340	$	320,385	$	—	$	119,082	$	—	$	119,082	$	—	$	65,297	$	—	$	65,297	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments⁽⁶⁾	$	103,206	$	—	$	103,206	$	—	$	115,961	$	—	$	115,961	$	—
Derivative financial instruments⁽⁵⁾																	$	210,426	$	—	$	210,426	$	—	$	201,812	$	—	$	201,812	$	—
Contingent consideration⁽⁶⁾																	44,000		—		—		44,000		44,000		—		—		44,000
Total Liabilities	$	103,206	$	—	$	103,206	$	—	$	115,961	$	—	$	115,961	$	—	$	254,426	$	—	$	210,426	$	44,000	$	245,812	$	—	$	201,812	$	44,000

~~(2)~~


(1)	Inputs based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access. Valuation of these items does not entail a significant amount of judgment.

(2)

Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. For foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and fuel swaps, fair value is derived using valuation models that utilize the income valuation approach. These valuation models take into account the contract terms, such as maturity, as well as other inputs, such as foreign exchange rates and curves, fuel types, fuel curves and interest rate yield curves. All derivative instrument fair values take into account the creditworthiness of the counterparty and the Company.

~~(3) Inputs that are unobservable. The Company did not use any Level 3 inputs as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.~~

~~(4) Consists of foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and fuel swaps. Refer to the “Fair Value of Derivative Instruments” table for breakdown by instrument type.~~

~~(5) Consists of exchange-traded equity securities and mutual funds reported~~ within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. For foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and fuel swaps, fair value is derived using valuation models that utilize the income valuation approach. These valuation models take into account the contract terms, such as maturity, as well as other inputs, such as foreign exchange rates and curves, fuel types, fuel curves and interest rate yield curves. Derivative instrument fair values take into account the creditworthiness of the counterparty and the Company.


(3)	Inputs that are unobservable.


(4)	Consists of foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and fuel swaps. Refer to the “Fair Value of Derivative Instruments” table for breakdown by instrument type.


(5)	Consists of foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and fuel swaps. Refer to the “Fair Value of Derivative Instruments” table for breakdown by instrument type.

(6)

The contingent consideration related to the Silversea Cruises acquisition was estimated by applying a Monte-Carlo simulation method using our closing stock price along with significant inputs not observable in the market, including the probability of achieving the milestones and estimated future operating results. The Monte-Carlo simulation is a generally accepted statistical technique used to generate a defined number of valuation paths in order to develop a reasonable estimate of fair value. Refer to Note 3. Business Combination for further information on the Silversea Cruises acquisition.~~Other assets~~ ~~in our consolidated balance sheets.~~

~~(6) Consists of foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and fuel swaps. Refer to the “Fair Value of Derivative Instruments” table for breakdown by instrument type.~~

The reported fair values are based on a variety of factors and assumptions. Accordingly, the fair values may not represent actual values of the financial instruments that could have been realized as of ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 or December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, or that will be realized in the future, and do not include expenses that could be incurred in an actual sale or settlement.

~~The following table presents information about the fair value of our equity method investment and note and other receivables due related to SkySea Holding, further discussed in Note 5.~~ ~~Other Assets,~~ ~~recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis (in thousands):~~

Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2018 Using
Description Total Carrying Amount Total Fair Value Level 3 Total Impairment
Equity-method investment - SkySea Holding ⁽¹⁾
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ 509
Debt facility and other receivables due from Skysea Holding ⁽²⁾
64,667
64,667
64,667
22,834
Total $ 64,667
$ 64,667
$ 64,667
$ 23,343

(1) Due to the expectation that Skysea Holding will cease business operations by the end of 2018, we do not deem our investment balance to be recoverable and therefore, we estimated the fair value of our investment to be zero. The fair value of our equity investment in Skysea Holding was estimated as of March 31, 2018, the date of the last impairment test, at which point the investment was fully impaired.

~~(2) We estimated the fair value of our debt facility and other receivables due from Skysea Holding based on the fair value of the collateral of the debt facility, Skysea Holding's ship,~~ ~~Golden Era,~~ as of March 31, 2018, the date of the last impairment test, adjusted for foreign exchange rates as of June 30, 2018. We believe this amount estimates fair value as of June 30, 2018. The fair value of the ship represents the net realizable value based on the agreed upon sale price of the ship, which is expected to be completed in December 2018. For further information on the Skysea Holding impairment, refer to Note 5. ~~Other Assets~~.

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We have master International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) agreements in place with our derivative instrument counterparties. These ISDA agreements generally provide for final close out netting with our counterparties for all positions in the case of default or termination of the ISDA agreement. We have determined that our ISDA agreements provide us with rights of setoff on the fair value of derivative instruments in a gain position and those in a loss position with the same counterparty. We have elected not to offset such derivative instrument fair values in our consolidated balance sheets.

See Credit Related Contingent Features for further discussion on contingent collateral requirements for our derivative instruments.

The following table presents information about the Company’s offsetting of financial assets under master netting agreements with derivative counterparties (in thousands):

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Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements
As of June 30, 2018 As of December 31, 2017
Gross Amount of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting
Recognized
Derivative Liabilities Cash Collateral
Received Net Amount of
Derivative Assets Gross Amount of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting
Recognized
Derivative Assets Cash Collateral
Received Net Amount of
Derivative Assets
Derivatives subject to master netting agreements $ 296,646
$ (91,084 ) $ —
$ 205,562
$ 320,385
$ (104,751 ) $ —
$ 215,634
Total $ 296,646
$ (91,084 ) $ —
$ 205,562
$ 320,385
$ (104,751 ) $ —
$ 215,634



	Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements
	As of March 31, 2019									As of December 31, 2018
	Gross Amount of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Liabilities			Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount of Derivative Assets		Gross Amount of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Assets			Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount of Derivative Assets
Derivatives subject to master netting agreements	$	119,082	$	(100,198	)	$	—	$	18,884	$	65,297	$	(60,303	)	$	—	$	4,994
Total	$	119,082	$	(100,198	)	$	—	$	18,884	$	65,297	$	(60,303	)	$	—	$	4,994

The following table presents information about the Company’s offsetting of financial liabilities under master netting agreements with derivative counterparties (in thousands):


	Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements																				Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements
	As of June 30, 2018										As of December 31, 2017										As of March 31, 2019										As of December 31, 2018
	Gross Amount of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet			Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Assets		Cash Collateral Pledged		Net Amount of Derivative Liabilities			Gross Amount of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet			Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Liabilities		Cash Collateral Pledged		Net Amount of Derivative Liabilities			Gross Amount of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet			Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Assets		Cash Collateral Pledged		Net Amount of Derivative Liabilities			Gross Amount of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet			Gross Amount of Eligible Offsetting Recognized Derivative Liabilities		Cash Collateral Pledged		Net Amount of Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives subject to master netting agreements	$	(103,206	)	$	91,084	$	—	$	(12,122	)	$	(115,961	)	$	104,751	$	—	$	(11,210	)	$	(210,426	)	$	100,198	$	—	$	(110,228	)	$	(201,812	)	$	60,303	$	—	$	(141,509	)
Total	$	(103,206	)	$	91,084	$	—	$	(12,122	)	$	(115,961	)	$	104,751	$	—	$	(11,210	)	$	(210,426	)	$	100,198	$	—	$	(110,228	)	$	(201,812	)	$	60,303	$	—	$	(141,509	)

Concentrations of Credit Risk

We monitor our credit risk associated with financial and other institutions with which we conduct significant business and, to minimize these risks, we select counterparties with credit risks acceptable to us and we seek to limit our exposure to an individual counterparty. Credit risk, including but not limited to counterparty nonperformance under derivative instruments, our credit facilities and new ship progress payment guarantees, is not considered significant, as we primarily conduct business with large, well-established financial institutions, insurance companies and export credit agencies many of which we have long-term relationships with and which have credit risks acceptable to us or where the credit risk is spread out among a large number of counterparties. As of ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, we had counterparty credit risk exposure under our derivative instruments of ~~approximately $205.6~~$19.2 million and ~~$212.8~~$5.6 million, respectively, which were limited to the cost of replacing the contracts in the event of non-performance by the counterparties to the contracts, the majority of which are currently our lending banks. We do not anticipate nonperformance by any of our significant counterparties. In addition, we have established guidelines we follow regarding credit ratings and instrument maturities to maintain safety and liquidity. We do not normally require collateral or other security to support credit relationships; however, in certain circumstances this option is available to us.

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Derivative Instruments

We are exposed to market risk attributable to changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and fuel prices. We try to mitigate these risks through a combination of our normal operating and financing activities and through the use of derivative financial instruments pursuant to our hedging practices and policies. The financial impact of these hedging instruments is primarily offset by corresponding changes in the underlying exposures being hedged. We achieve this by closely matching the notional amount, term and conditions of the derivative instrument with the underlying risk being hedged. Although certain of our derivative financial instruments do not qualify or are not accounted for under hedge accounting, our objective is not to hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes.

We enter into various forward, swap and option contracts to manage our interest rate exposure and to limit our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and fuel prices. These instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at their fair value and the vast majority are designated as hedges. We also use non-derivative financial instruments designated as hedges of our net investment in our foreign operations and investments.

At inception of the hedge relationship, a derivative instrument that hedges the exposure to changes in the fair value of a firm commitment or a recognized asset or liability is designated as a fair value hedge. A derivative instrument that hedges a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows related to a recognized asset or liability is designated as a cash flow hedge.

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Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated as fair value hedges are offset against changes in the fair value of the underlying hedged assets, liabilities or firm commitments. Gains and losses on derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges are recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss until the underlying hedged transactions are recognized in earnings. The foreign currency transaction gain or loss of our non-derivative financial instruments and the changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as hedges of our net investment in foreign operations and investments are recognized as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss along with the associated foreign currency translation adjustment of the foreign operation or investment, with the amortization of excluded components affecting earnings.

On an ongoing basis, we assess whether derivatives used in hedging transactions are “highly effective” in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flow of hedged items. We use the long-haul method to assess hedge effectiveness using regression analysis for each hedge relationship under our interest rate, foreign currency and fuel hedging programs. We apply the same methodology on a consistent basis for assessing hedge effectiveness to all hedges within each hedging program (i.e., interest rate, foreign currency and fuel). We perform regression analyses over an observation period of up to three years, utilizing market data relevant to the hedge horizon of each hedge relationship. High effectiveness is achieved when a statistically valid relationship reflects a high degree of offset and correlation between the changes in the fair values of the derivative instrument and the hedged item. If it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge or hedge accounting is discontinued, any change in fair value of the derivative since the last date at which it was determined to be effective is recognized in earnings.

Cash flows from derivative instruments that are designated as fair value or cash flow hedges are classified in the same category as the cash flows from the underlying hedged items. In the event that hedge accounting is discontinued, cash flows subsequent to the date of discontinuance are classified within investing activities. Cash flows from derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments are classified as investing activities.

We consider the classification of the underlying hedged item’s cash flows in determining the classification for the designated derivative instrument’s cash flows. We classify derivative instrument cash flows from hedges of benchmark interest rate or hedges of fuel expense as operating activities due to the nature of the hedged item. Likewise, we classify derivative instrument cash flows from hedges of foreign currency risk on our newbuild ship payments as investing ~~activities and derivative instrument cash flows from hedges of foreign currency risk on debt payments as financing~~ activities.

Interest Rate Risk

Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates primarily relates to our ~~long-term~~ debt obligations including future interest payments. At ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, approximately ~~60.6%~~61.3% and ~~57.4%~~59.1%, respectively, of our ~~long-term~~ debt was effectively fixed. We use interest rate swap agreements to modify our exposure to interest rate movements and to manage our interest expense.

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Market risk associated with our ~~long-term~~ fixed rate debt is the potential increase in fair value resulting from a decrease in interest rates. We use interest rate swap agreements that effectively convert a portion of our fixed-rate debt to a floating-rate basis to manage this risk. At ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, we maintained interest rate swap agreements on the following fixed-rate debt instruments:


Debt Instrument	Swap Notional as of June 30, 2018 (In thousands)		Maturity	Debt Fixed Rate	Swap Floating Rate: LIBOR plus	All-in Swap Floating Rate as of June 30, 2018	Swap Notional as of March 31, 2019 (In thousands)		Maturity	Debt Fixed Rate	Swap Floating Rate: LIBOR plus	All-in Swap Floating Rate as of March 31, 2019
Oasis of the Seas term loan	$	122,500	October 2021	5.41%	3.87%	6.39%	$	105,000	October 2021	5.41%	3.87%	6.63%
Unsecured senior notes	650,000		November 2022	5.25%	3.63%	5.97%	650,000		November 2022	5.25%	3.63%	6.32%
	$	772,500					$	755,000

These interest rate swap agreements are accounted for as fair value hedges.

Market risk associated with our long-term floating rate debt is the potential increase in interest expense from an increase in interest rates. We use interest rate swap agreements that effectively convert a portion of our floating-rate debt to a fixed-rate basis to manage this risk. At ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, we maintained interest rate swap agreements on the following floating-rate debt instruments:


Debt Instrument	Swap Notional as of June 30, 2018 (In thousands)		Maturity	Debt Floating Rate		All-in Swap Fixed Rate	Swap Notional as of March 31, 2019 (In thousands)		Maturity	Debt Floating Rate		All-in Swap Fixed Rate
Celebrity Reflection term loan	$	354,521	October 2024	LIBOR plus	0.40%	2.85%	$	327,250	October 2024	LIBOR plus	0.40%	2.85%
Quantum of the Seas term loan	520,625		October 2026	LIBOR plus	1.30%	3.74%	490,000		October 2026	LIBOR plus	1.30%	3.74%
Anthem of the Seas term loan	543,750		April 2027	LIBOR plus	1.30%	3.86%	513,542		April 2027	LIBOR plus	1.30%	3.86%
Ovation of the Seas term loan	691,667		April 2028	LIBOR plus	1.00%	3.16%	657,083		April 2028	LIBOR plus	1.00%	3.16%
Harmony of the Seas term loan ⁽¹⁾	674,563		May 2028	EURIBOR plus	1.15%	2.26%	616,242		May 2028	EURIBOR plus	1.15%	2.26%
	$	2,785,126					$	2,604,117

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(~~1) Interest rate swap agreements hedging the Euro-denominated term loan for~~ ~~Harmony of the Seas~~ ~~include EURIBOR zero-floor matching the hedged debt EURIBOR zero-floor. Amount presented is based on the exchange rate as of June 30, 2018.~~


(1)	Interest rate swap agreements hedging the Euro-denominated term loan for Harmony of the Seas include EURIBOR zero-floor matching the hedged debt EURIBOR zero-floor. Amount presented is based on the exchange rate as of March 31, 2019.

These interest rate swap agreements are accounted for as cash flow hedges.

The notional amount of interest rate swap agreements related to outstanding debt as of ~~June 30, 2018~~both March 31, 2019 and December 31, ~~2017~~2018 was ~~$3.6 billion and $3.8 billion, respectively.~~

$3.4 billion.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

Derivative Instruments

Our primary exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk relates to our ship construction contracts denominated in Euros, our foreign currency denominated debt and our international business operations. We enter into foreign currency forward contracts to manage portions of the exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates. As of ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, the aggregate cost of our ships on order, not including any ships on order by our Partner Brands and the two ships under the MOU for Silversea Cruises and the sixth Oasis-class ship for Royal Caribbean International that remain contingent upon certain conditions precedent, was ~~approximately~~ $11.4 billion, of which we had deposited ~~$586.1 million.~~$667.8 million as of such date. At ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, approximately ~~54.3%~~54.0% and ~~54.0%~~53.5%, respectively, of the aggregate cost of the ships under construction was exposed to fluctuations in the Euro exchange rate. ~~The majority of our~~Our foreign currency forward ~~contracts, collar options and cross currency swap~~contract agreements are accounted for as cash flow ~~fair value~~ or net investment hedges depending on the designation of the related hedge.

On a regular basis, we enter into foreign currency forward contracts and, from time to time, we utilize cross-currency swap agreements and collar options to minimize the volatility resulting from the remeasurement of net monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than our functional currency or the functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries. During the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2018,~~2019, we maintained an average of approximately ~~$733.6~~$663.6 million of these foreign currency forward contracts. These instruments are not designated as hedging instruments. For the quarters ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2019 and 2018, ~~and 2017,~~ changes in the fair value of the foreign currency forward contracts resulted in a ~~(loss)~~ gain of ~~$(36.9)~~$5.0 million and ~~$21.3~~$5.6 million, ~~respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, changes in the fair value of the foreign currency forward contracts resulted in a (loss) gain of $(31.3) million and $35.1 million ,~~ respectively. These amounts were recognized in earnings within Other income (expense) in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

We consider our investments in our foreign operations to be denominated in relatively stable currencies and to be of a long-term nature. As of ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, we maintained foreign currency forward contracts and designated them as hedges of a portion of our net investments primarily in

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TUI Cruises of €101.0 million, or approximately ~~$117.9~~$113.4 million based on the exchange rate at ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. These forward currency contracts mature in October 2021.

The notional amount of outstanding foreign exchange contracts, excluding the forward contracts entered into to minimize remeasurement volatility, as of ~~June 30, 2018~~both March 31, 2019 and December 31, ~~2017~~2018 was ~~$3.8 billion and $4.6 billion, respectively.~~

$3.7 billion.

Non-Derivative Instruments

We also address the exposure of our investments in foreign operations by denominating a portion of our debt in our subsidiaries’ and investments’ functional currencies and designating it as a hedge of these subsidiaries and investments. We had designated debt as a hedge of our net investments primarily in TUI Cruises of ~~approximately €256.0~~€279.0 million, or approximately ~~$298.9~~$313.2 million, as of ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, we had designated debt as a hedge of our net investments in TUI Cruises of ~~approximately €246.0~~€280.0 million, or approximately ~~$295.3~~$320.2 million.

Fuel Price Risk

Our exposure to market risk for changes in fuel prices relates primarily to the consumption of fuel on our ships. We use fuel swap agreements to mitigate the financial impact of fluctuations in fuel prices.

Our fuel swap agreements are generally accounted for as cash flow hedges. At ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, we have hedged the variability in future cash flows for certain forecasted fuel transactions occurring through ~~2022.~~2023. As of ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, we had the following outstanding fuel swap agreements:


	Fuel Swap Agreements		Fuel Swap Agreements
	As of June 30, 2018	As of December 31, 2017	As of March 31, 2019	As of December 31, 2018
	(metric tons)		(metric tons)
2018	342,900	673,700
2019	668,500	668,500	648,400	856,800
2020	531,200	531,200	830,500	830,500
2021	224,900	224,900	488,900	488,900
2022	—	—	322,900	322,900
2023			—	—

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	Fuel Swap Agreements				Fuel Swap Agreements
	As of June 30, 2018		As of December 31, 2017		As of March 31, 2019		As of December 31, 2018
	(% hedged)				(% hedged)
Projected fuel purchases:
2018	50	%	50	%
2019	47	%	46	%	58	%	58	%
2020	36	%	36	%	54	%	54	%
2021	14	%	14	%	29	%	28	%
2022	—	%	—		18	%	19	%
2023					—	%	—	%

At ~~June 30, 2018 and December~~March 31, ~~2017, $53.0~~2019, $45.9 million ~~and $(23.7) million, respectively,~~ of estimated unrealized net gain (loss) associated with our cash flow hedges pertaining to fuel swap agreements ~~were~~is expected to be reclassified to earnings from Accumulated other comprehensive loss within the next twelve months. Reclassification is expected to occur as the result of fuel consumption associated with our hedged forecasted fuel purchases.

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The fair value and line item caption of derivative instruments recorded within our consolidated balance sheets were as follows (in thousands):


	Fair Value of Derivative Instruments																		Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
	Asset Derivatives									Liability Derivatives									Asset Derivatives									Liability Derivatives
	Balance Sheet Location		As of June 30, 2018				As of December 31, 2017			Balance Sheet Location		As of June 30, 2018				As of December 31, 2017			Balance Sheet Location		As of March 31, 2019				As of December 31, 2018			Balance Sheet Location		As of March 31, 2019				As of December 31, 2018
		Fair Value				Fair Value				Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value				Fair Value				Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value				Fair Value				Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value				Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815-20⁽¹⁾
Interest rate swaps	Balance Sheet Location	Other assets		$	49,418			$	7,330		Other long-term liabilities		$	51,917			$	46,509		Other assets		$	6,010			$	23,518		Other long-term liabilities		$	43,351			$	40,467
Foreign currency forward contracts	Derivative financial instruments		21,921				68,352			Derivative financial instruments		26,677				—			Derivative financial instruments		6,605				4,044			Derivative financial instruments		80,989				39,665
Foreign currency forward contracts	Other assets		72,830				158,879			Other long-term liabilities		4,502				6,625			Other assets		5,838				10,844			Other long-term liabilities		58,929				16,854
Fuel swaps	Derivative financial instruments		62,366				13,137			Derivative financial instruments		9,098				38,488			Derivative financial instruments		53,470				10,966			Derivative financial instruments		7,757				37,627
Fuel swaps	Other assets		79,191				51,265			Other long-term liabilities		2,584				13,411			Other assets		46,783				9,204			Other long-term liabilities		19,123				65,182
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments under 815-20			285,726				298,963					94,778				105,033					118,706				58,576					210,149				199,795
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815-20
Foreign currency forward contracts	Derivative financial instruments		$	1,930			$	9,945		Derivative financial instruments		$	—			$	2,933		Derivative financial instruments		$	—			$	1,751		Derivative financial instruments		$	—			$	808
Foreign currency forward contracts	Other assets		734				2,793			Other long-term liabilities		—				1,139			Other assets		—				1,579			Other long-term liabilities		—				833
Fuel swaps	Derivative financial instruments		8,256				7,886			Derivative financial instruments		8,428				6,043			Derivative financial instruments		376				2,804			Derivative financial instruments		277				376
Fuel swaps	Other Assets		—				798			Other long-term liabilities		—				813			Other Assets		—				587			Other long-term liabilities		—				—
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under 815-20			10,920				21,422					8,428				10,928					376				6,721					277				2,017
Total derivatives			$	296,646			$	320,385				$	103,206			$	115,961				$	119,082			$	65,297				$	210,426			$	201,812


(1)	Due to the three-month reporting lag, these amounts include October, November and December of 2018 amounts for Silversea Cruises. Refer to Note 1. General and Note 3. Business Combination to our consolidated financial statements for more information on the three-month reporting lag and Silversea Cruises acquisition.

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Gross Yields and Net Yields were calculated as follows (in thousands, except APCD and Yields):


	Quarter Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,						Quarter Ended March 31,
	2018		2018 On a Constant Currency Basis		2017		2018		2018 On a Constant Currency Basis		2017		2019		2019 On a Constant Currency Basis		2018
Passenger ticket revenues	$	1,672,570	$	1,653,080	$	1,581,385	$	3,098,214	$	3,045,394	$	2,999,608	$	1,709,984	$	1,749,294	$	1,425,644
Onboard and other revenues	665,035		661,938		613,889		1,267,147		1,258,780		1,204,226		729,783		735,466		602,112
Total revenues	2,337,605		2,315,018		2,195,274		4,365,361		4,304,174		4,203,834		2,439,767		2,484,760		2,027,756
Less:
Commissions, transportation and other	358,305		354,488		340,331		648,914		640,082		650,579		363,155		369,111		290,609
Onboard and other	142,240		141,115		132,437		241,777		240,475		238,431		135,170		135,684		99,537
Net Revenues	$	1,837,060	$	1,819,415	$	1,722,506	$	3,474,670	$	3,423,617	$	3,314,824	$	1,941,442	$	1,979,965	$	1,637,610

APCD	9,402,736		9,402,736		9,152,899		18,318,442		18,318,442		18,432,309		9,860,600		9,860,600		8,915,706
Gross Yields	$	248.61	$	246.21	$	239.84	$	238.30	$	234.96	$	228.07	$	247.43	$	251.99	$	227.44
Net Yields	$	195.38	$	193.50	$	188.19	$	189.68	$	186.89	$	179.84	$	196.89	$	200.80	$	183.68

Gross Cruise Costs, Net Cruise Costs and Net Cruise Costs Excluding Fuel were calculated as follows (in thousands, except APCD and costs per APCD):


	Quarter Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,						Quarter Ended March 31,
	2018		2018 On a Constant Currency Basis		2017		2018		2018 On a Constant Currency Basis		2017		2019		2019 On a Constant Currency Basis		2018
Total cruise operating expenses	$	1,314,411	$	1,305,451	$	1,256,785	$	2,490,430	$	2,470,629	$	2,432,609	$	1,413,704	$	1,425,102	$	1,176,019
Marketing, selling and administrative expenses ^{(1) (2)}	296,997		294,106		283,855		643,596		635,066		601,320		413,761		418,357		346,599
Gross Cruise Costs	1,611,408		1,599,557		1,540,640		3,134,026		3,105,695		3,033,929		1,827,465		1,843,459		1,522,618
Less:
Commissions, transportation and other	358,305		354,488		340,331		648,914		640,082		650,579		363,155		369,111		290,609
Onboard and other	142,240		141,115		132,437		241,777		240,475		238,431		135,170		135,684		99,537
Net Cruise Costs	1,110,863		1,103,954		1,067,872		2,243,335		2,225,138		2,144,919		1,329,140		1,338,664		1,132,472
Less:
Fuel	172,309		172,309		170,748		332,650		332,650		348,162		160,171		160,184		160,341
Net Cruise Costs Excluding Fuel	$	938,554	$	931,645	$	897,124	$	1,910,685	$	1,892,488	$	1,796,757	$	1,168,969	$	1,178,480	$	972,131

APCD	9,402,736		9,402,736		9,152,899		18,318,442		18,318,442		18,432,309		9,860,600		9,860,600		8,915,706
Gross Cruise Costs per APCD	$	171.38	$	170.12	$	168.32	$	171.09	$	169.54	$	164.60	$	185.33	$	186.95	$	170.78
Net Cruise Costs per APCD	$	118.14	$	117.41	$	116.67	$	122.46	$	121.47	$	116.37	$	134.79	$	135.76	$	127.02
Net Cruise Costs Excluding Fuel per APCD	$	99.82	$	99.08	$	98.02	$	104.30	$	103.31	$	97.48	$	118.55	$	119.51	$	109.04


(1)	For the quarter ended March 31, 2019, the amount does not include the transaction costs related to the Silversea Cruises acquisition of $1.2 million.

(2)

For the ~~six months~~quarter ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2018, the amount does not include the impact of the change in accounting principle ~~of $9.2 million~~ related to the recognition of stock-based compensation ~~expense. Refer~~expense, which resulted in an increase to ~~Note 2.~~ ~~Summary of Significant Accounting Policies~~Net Income attributable to Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. ~~to our consolidated financial statementsfor further information.~~of $9.2 million.

(2) For the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018, the amounts do not include the impairment and other costs related to the exit of our tour operations business of $11.3 million and transaction costs related to the Silversea Cruises acquisition of $4.7 million.

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~~2018~~2019 Outlook

The Company does not make predictions about fuel pricing, interest rates or currency exchange rates but does provide guidance about its future business activities. On ~~August 2, 2018,~~May 1, 2019, we announced the following full year and ~~third~~second quarter ~~2018~~2019 guidance based on the then current fuel pricing, interest rates and currency exchange rates:

Full Year ~~2018~~ ⁽¹⁾2019



	As Reported	Constant Currency
Net Yields	~~3.25%~~6.5% to ~~4.25%~~8.0%	~~2.75%~~7.5% to ~~3.75%~~9.0%
Net Cruise Costs per APCD	~~2.0%~~6.5% to ~~2.5%~~7.0%	Approx. ~~2.0%~~7.0%
Net Cruise Costs per APCD, Excluding Fuel	Approx. ~~3.0%~~9.5%	Approx. ~~2.5%~~10.0%
Capacity Change	~~3.7%~~8.1%
Depreciation and Amortization	$~~1,025~~1,240 to ~~$1,035~~$1,250 million
Interest Expense, net	$~~288~~384 to ~~$298~~$392 million
Fuel Consumption (metric tons)	~~1,337,000~~1,482,000
Fuel Expenses	$~~693~~707 million
Percent Hedged (fwd consumption)	~~50%~~58%
Adjusted Earnings per Share-Diluted	$~~8.70~~9.65 to ~~$8.90~~$9.85

Sensitivity



	Remaining Periods ~~2018~~2019
1% Change in Currency	$1116 million
1% Change in Net Yields	$4063 million
1% Change in NCC x Fuel	$1931 million
100 basis pt. Change in LIBOR	$1727 million
10% Change in Fuel Prices	~~$21~~$30 million

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~~Third~~Second Quarter ~~2018~~ ⁽¹⁾2019



	As Reported	Constant Currency
Net Yields	~~Approx. 1.5%~~8.0% to 8.5%	Approx. ~~2.0%~~9.5%
Net Cruise Costs per APCD	~~Flat~~Approx. 7.0%	~~Flat~~7.5% to 8.0%
Net Cruise Costs per APCD, Excluding Fuel	~~Approx. (1.0%)~~9.0% to 9.5%	Approx. ~~(1.0%)~~10.0%
Capacity Change	~~8.2%~~11%
Depreciation and Amortization	$~~260~~307 to ~~$265~~$311 million
Interest Expense, net	$7899 to ~~$82~~$103 million
Fuel Consumption (metric tons)	~~340,200~~378,500
Fuel Expenses	$~~184~~182 million
Percent Hedged (fwd consumption)	~~47%~~56%
Adjusted Earnings per Share-Diluted	~~$3.90~~ $2.45 to ~~$3.95~~$2.50

Sensitivity⁽¹⁾



	~~Third~~Second Quarter ~~2018~~2019
1% Change in Currency	$74 million
1% Change in Net Yields	$2220 million
1% Change in NCC x Fuel	$910 million
100 basis pt. Change in LIBOR	$7 million
10% Change in Fuel Prices	~~$15~~$10 million


(1)	Due to the three-month reporting lag, Silversea Cruises does not impact the sensitivity analysis above for the second quarter 2019.

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(1) The guidance above does not include Silversea Cruises, except for additional interest expense associated with the financing of the Silversea Cruises acquisition. We will be consolidating Silversea Cruises’ results of operations on a three-month reporting lag beginning with the fourth quarter of 2018, which we do not expect will be material to our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Volatility in foreign currency exchange rates affects the United States dollar value of our earnings. Based on our highest net exposure for each quarter and the full year ~~2018,~~2019, the top five foreign currencies are ranked below. For example, the British Pound is expected to be the most impactful currency in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2018. Rankings for the~~2019. The first ~~and second quarters~~quarter of ~~2018~~2019 rankings are based on actual results. Rankings for the remaining quarters and full year are based on estimated net exposures.



Ranking	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	FY ~~2018~~2019
1	AUD	GBP	GBP	AUD	GBP
2	CAD	~~AUD~~CAD	~~EUR~~CNH	GBP	AUD
3	GBP	~~CAD~~AUD	~~CNH~~EUR	CAD	CAD
4	CNH	~~CNH~~EUR	CAD	EUR	EUR
5	EUR	~~EUR~~CNH	~~MXN~~AUD	CNH	CNH

The currency abbreviations above are defined as follows:



Currency Abbreviation		Currency
AUD		Australian Dollar
CAD		Canadian Dollar
CNH		Chinese Yuan
EUR		Euro
GBP		British Pound
~~MXN~~		~~Mexican Peso~~

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Quarter Ended ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 Compared to Quarter Ended ~~June 30, 2017~~

March 31, 2018

In this section, references to 2019 refer to the quarter ended March 31, 2019 and references to 2018 refer to the quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018 and references to 2017 refer to the quarter ended June 30, 2017.~~

March 31, 2018.

Revenues

Total revenues for ~~2018~~2019 increased ~~$142.3~~$412.0 million, or ~~6.5%~~20.3%, to $2.4 billion from ~~2017.~~

$2.0 billion in 2018.

Passenger ticket revenues comprised ~~71.6%~~70.1% of our ~~2018~~2019 total revenues. Passenger ticket revenues for ~~2018~~2019 increased by ~~$91.2~~$284.3 million, or ~~5.8%~~19.9%, from ~~2017.~~2018. The increase was primarily due to:

a ~~2.7%~~10.6% increase in capacity, which increased ~~passenger~~Passenger ticket revenues by ~~$43.2~~$151.1 million, primarily due to the ~~addition~~additions of Symphony of the Seas ~~to our fleet during~~in the second quarter of 2018, Azamara Pursuit in the third quarter of 2018 and Celebrity Edge in the fourth quarter of 2018 and the addition of Silversea Cruises to our fleet in 2018; and

an increase of ~~$28.5~~$172.5 million in ticket prices primarily driven by ~~higher pricing on our Europe and Asia/Pacific sailings and~~ the improvement in our ticket price on a per passenger basis due to the addition of Silversea Cruises to our fleet in 2018, the additions of Symphony of the Seas,; Azamara Pursuit and Celebrity Edge andhigher pricing on our Caribbean and China sailings.

~~a favorable~~The increase in Passenger ticket revenues was partially offset by an unfavorable effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates related to our revenue transactions denominated in currencies other than the United States dollar of ~~approximately $19.5~~$39.3 million.

The remaining ~~28.4%~~29.9% of ~~2018~~2019 total revenues was comprised of ~~onboard~~Onboard and other revenues, which increased ~~$51.1~~$127.7 million, or ~~8.3%~~21.2%, to ~~$665.0~~$729.8 million in ~~2018~~2019 from ~~$613.9~~$602.1 million in ~~2017.~~2018. The increase in ~~onboard~~Onboard and other revenues was primarily due to:

a $62.3 million increase attributable to the 10.6% increase in capacity noted above;

a ~~$29.7~~$47.2 million increase in onboard revenue attributable to higher spending on a per passenger basis primarily due to our revenue enhancing initiatives, including shore excursion and beverage package sales and promotions, gaming initiatives and new ~~strategies~~programs and ~~promotions on~~activities offered to our ~~specialty restaurants, internet~~guests; and

a $23.8 million increase in other revenue primarily due to revenue associated with our new cruise terminal at PortMiami and cancellation fees associated with non-refundable deposits and higher pricing.

The increase in Onboard and other ~~telecommunication services, and~~revenues was partially offset by an ~~increase in port activities mainly due to itinerary changes;~~

~~a $16.4 million increase attributable to the 2.7% increase in capacity noted above; and~~

~~a favorable~~unfavorable effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates related to our ~~onboard and other~~ revenue transactions denominated in currencies other than the United States dollar of ~~approximately $3.1~~$5.7 million.

Onboard and other revenues included concession revenues of ~~$82.6~~$91.7 million in ~~2018~~2019 and ~~$77.7~~$80.0 million in ~~2017.~~2018.

Cruise Operating Expenses

Total ~~cruise~~Cruise operating expenses for ~~2018~~2019 increased ~~$57.6~~$237.7 million, or ~~4.6%~~20.2%, to $1.4 billion from ~~2017.~~$1.2 billion in 2018. The increase was primarily due to:

the ~~2.7%~~10.6% increase in capacity noted above, which increased cruise operating expenses by ~~$34.1~~$123.8 million;

and

a ~~$10.1~~$142.3 million increase in ~~payroll~~total cruise operating expenses, excluding the impact of the increase in capacity and ~~related~~the decrease in fuel expense, primarily due to the addition of Silversea Cruises to our fleet in 2018.

The increase in Cruise operating expenses ~~primarily driven by changes~~was partially offset by:

a $17.0 million decrease in ~~our gratuity structure;~~fuel expenses, excluding the impact of the increase in capacity. Our cost of fuel (net of the financial impact of fuel swap agreements) for 2019 decreased 11.2% per metric ton compared to 2018; and

~~an unfavorable~~a favorable effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates related to our cruise operating expenses denominated in currencies other than the United States dollar of ~~approximately $9.0~~$11.4 million.

Marketing, Selling and Administrative Expenses

Marketing, selling and administrative expenses for ~~2018~~2019 increased ~~$29.1~~$77.6 million, or ~~10.2%~~23.0%, to ~~$312.9~~$414.9 million from ~~$283.9~~$337.4 million in 2017. The increase was primarily due to the impairment and other costs related to the exit of our tour operations business and transaction costs related to the Silversea Cruises acquisition, which did not occur in 2017, as well as higher spending on advertisement.

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~~Depreciation and Amortization Expenses~~

~~Depreciation and amortization expenses~~ ~~for 2018 increased $18.4 million, or 7.8%, to $253.4 million from $234.9 million in 2017.~~2018. The increase was primarily due to the addition of Silversea Cruises in 2018, higher spending on advertisement and media promotions and an increase in payroll and benefits expense primarily driven by an increase in headcount.

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Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses for 2019 increased $52.1 million, or 21.7%, to $292.3 million from $240.2 million in 2018. The increase was primarily due to the additions of Symphony of the Seas in the second quarter of 2018, Azamara Pursuit in the third quarter of 2018 and Celebrity Edge in the fourth quarter of 2018 and the addition of Silversea Cruises to our fleet ~~and~~in 2018. Additionally, to a lesser extent, the increase is also attributable to new shipboard additions associated with our ship upgrade projects and additions related to our shoreside projects.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest expense, net of interest capitalized for ~~2018~~2019 increased ~~$5.2~~$32.5 million, or ~~6.8%~~47.9%, to ~~$81.9~~$100.4 million from ~~$76.6~~$67.9 million in ~~2017.~~2018. The increase was primarily due to a higher ~~interest rates,~~average debt level compared to 2018, mostly attributable to the financing of Symphony of the Seas and Celebrity Edge and our acquisition of Silversea Cruises in 2018 and to a lesser extent, a higher ~~average debt level~~interest rates in ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~2017, partially offset by an increase in capitalized interest due to our ships on order.~~2018.

~~Equity investment income~~ ~~increased $21.0 million, or 89.7%, to $44.3 million in 2018 from $23.4 million in 2017 mainly due to an increase in income from TUI Cruises.~~

~~Other income~~ ~~was $33.9 million in 2018 compared to~~ Other expense ~~of $2.7~~for 2019 decreased $19.0 million, or 78.9%, to $5.1 million from $24.1 million in ~~2017.~~2018. The ~~change of $36.6 million~~decrease was ~~mainly~~primarily due to ~~a gain of $21.8~~the $23.3 million impairment loss related to Skysea Holding in 2018, ~~related to the recognition of the remaining balance of a deferred gain from the sale of~~ ~~Celebrity Galaxy~~ ~~to TUI Cruises~~which did not recur in ~~March 2009. In April 2018, TUI Cruises sold this ship to an affiliate of TUI AG, resulting in the recognition of the remaining balance of the deferred gain. Refer to Note 5.~~ ~~Other Assets~~ ~~to our consolidated financial statements for further information. In addition,~~ ~~Other income~~ ~~in 2018 includes a gain of $13.7 million related to the sale of our remaining equity interest in a travel agency business that we sold in 2015.~~2019.

Gross and Net Yields

Gross and Net Yields increased ~~3.7%~~8.8% and ~~3.8%~~7.2%, respectively, in ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~2017~~2018 primarily due to the increases in passenger ticket and onboard and other revenues ~~which are further~~ discussed above. Gross and Net Yields on a Constant Currency basis increased ~~2.7%~~10.8% and ~~2.8%~~9.3%, respectively, in ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~2017.~~2018.

Gross and Net Cruise Costs

Gross and Net Cruise Costs increased ~~4.6%~~20.0% and ~~4.0%~~17.4%, respectively, in ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~2017~~2018 primarily due to the increase in ~~capacity.~~cruise operating expenses and capacity discussed above. Gross and Net Cruise Costs per APCD increased ~~1.8%~~8.5% and ~~1.3%~~6.1%, respectively, in ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~2017.~~2018 and Gross and Net Cruise Costs per APCD on a Constant Currency basis increased ~~1.1%~~9.5% and ~~0.6%~~6.9%, respectively, in ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~2017.~~2018.

Net Cruise Costs Excluding Fuel

Net Cruise Costs Excluding Fuel per APCD increased ~~1.8%~~8.7% in ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~2017~~2018 and ~~increased 1.1% in 2018 compared to 2017~~ on a Constant Currency ~~basis.~~

basis increased 9.6% in 2019 compared to 2018.

Other Comprehensive ~~Loss (Income)~~Income (Loss)

~~Other comprehensive loss~~ ~~in 2018 was $82.4 million compared to~~ Other comprehensive income in ~~2017~~2019 was $48.8 million compared to $151.5 million in 2018. The decrease of ~~$131.3 million. The change of $213.7~~$102.7 million, or 67.8%, was primarily due to the ~~Loss~~Gain on cash flow derivative hedges in ~~2018~~2019 of ~~$68.9~~$48.8 million compared to a Gain on cash flow derivative hedges in ~~2017~~2018 of ~~$129.0~~$142.5 million. The ~~change~~decrease of ~~$197.9~~$93.7 million was primarily due to ~~a decrease~~decreases in both foreign currency ~~forward~~and interest rate contract values in ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~an increase in 2017, partially offset by an increase in fuel swap values in 2018.~~

~~Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017~~

~~In this section, references to 2018 refer to the six months ended June 30, 2018 and references to 2017 refer to the six months ended June 30, 2017.~~

~~Revenues~~

~~Total revenues for 2018 increased $161.5 million, or 3.8%, to $4.4 billion from $4.2 billion in 2017.~~

~~Passenger ticket revenues~~ ~~comprised 71.0% of our 2018 total revenues. Passenger ticket revenues for 2018 increased by $98.6 million, or 3.3%, from 2017. The increase was primarily due to:~~

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~~an increase of $64.3 million in ticket prices primarily driven by higherpricing on Europe and Asia/Pacific sailings; and~~

~~a favorable effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates related to our revenue transactions denominated in currencies other than the United States dollar of approximately $52.8 million.~~

~~The increase in passenger ticket revenues was partially offset by a 0.6% decrease in capacity, which decreased passenger ticket revenues by $18.5 million primarily due to the sale of~~ ~~Legend of the Seas~~ ~~in the first quarter of 2017 and additional drydock days in 2018 compared to 2017, partially offset by the addition of~~ ~~Symphony of the Seas~~ ~~in the second quarter of 2018.~~

~~The remaining 29.0% of 2018 total revenues was comprised of~~ ~~onboard and other revenues, which increased $62.9 million, or 5.2%, in 2018 from 2017. The increase in~~ ~~onboard and other revenues~~ ~~was primarily due to:~~

a $54.7 million increase in onboard revenue attributable to higher spending on a per passenger basis primarily due to our revenue enhancing initiatives, including beverage package sales and promotions, new strategies and promotions of our specialty restaurants, internet and other telecommunication services, and an increase in port activities mainly due to itinerary changes; and

a favorable effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates related to our onboard and other revenue transactions denominated in currencies other than the United States dollar of approximately $8.4 million.

~~The increase in~~ ~~onboard and other revenues~~ ~~was partially offset by a $7.3 million decrease attributable to the 0.6% decrease in capacity noted above.~~

~~Onboard and other revenues~~ ~~included concession revenues of $162.6 million in 2018 and $157.0 million in 2017.~~

~~Cruise Operating Expenses~~

~~Total cruise operating expenses increased $57.8 million, or 2.4%. The increase was primarily due to:~~

~~a $30.9 million gain recognized in 2017 resulting from the sale of~~ ~~Legend of the Seas, which did not recur in 2018;~~

~~a $29.6 million increase in payroll and related expenses primarily driven by changes in our gratuity structure; and~~

an unfavorable effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates related to our cruise operating expenses denominated in currencies other than the United States dollar of approximately $19.8 million.

~~The above~~ increases in ~~cruise operating expenses were mostly offset by:~~

~~the 0.6% decrease in capacity noted above, which decreased cruise operating expenses by $15.1 million; and~~

~~a $13.4 million decrease in fuel expense, excluding the impact of the decrease in capacity. Our cost of fuel (net of the financial impact of fuel swap agreements) for~~ 2018, ~~decreased 4.2% per metric ton compared to 2017.~~

~~Marketing, Selling and Administrative Expenses~~

~~Marketing, selling and administrative expenses~~ increased $49.0 million, or 8.1%, to $650.3 million from $601.3 million in 2017. The increase was primarily due to the impairment and other costs related to the exit of our tour operations business and transaction costs related to the Silversea Cruises acquisition, which did not occur in 2017, as well as higher spending on advertisement.

~~Depreciation and Amortization Expenses~~

~~Depreciation and amortization expenses~~ ~~for 2018 increased $22.9 million, or 4.9%, to $493.6 million from $470.7 million in 2017. The increase was primarily due to the addition of~~ ~~Symphony of the Seas~~ ~~to our fleet and to a lesser extent new shipboard additions associated with our ship upgrade projects and additions related to our shoreside projects. The increase was partially offset by the sale of~~ ~~Legend of the Seas~~ ~~in the first quarter of 2017.~~

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~~Other Income (Expense)~~

~~Interest expense, net of interest capitalized,~~ ~~for 2018~~decreased $7.2 million, or 4.6%, to $149.7 million from $156.9 million in 2017. The decrease was due to an increase in capitalized interest primarily due to our ships on order and a lower average debt level in 2018 compared to 2017, partially offset by higher interest rates in 2018 compared to 2017.

~~Equity investment income~~ ~~increased $37.8 million, or 107.3%, to $73.1 million in 2018 from $35.2 million in 2017 mainly due to an increase in income from TUI Cruises.~~

~~Other income~~ ~~was $9.8 million in 2018 compared to~~ ~~Other expense~~ ~~of $5.3 million in 2017. The change of $15.1 million was mainly due to a gain of $21.8 million in 2018 related to the recognition of the remaining balance of a deferred gain from the sale of~~ ~~Celebrity Galaxy~~ ~~to TUI Cruises in March 2009. In April 2018, TUI Cruises sold this ship to an affiliate of TUI AG, resulting in the recognition of the remaining balance of the deferred gain. In addition,~~ ~~Other income~~ ~~in 2018 includes a gain of $13.7 million related to the sale of our remaining equity interest in a travel agency business that we sold in 2015. The increase in~~ ~~Other income~~ in 2018 was partially offset by an impairment charge of $23.3 million to write down our investment balance, debt facility and other receivables due from Skysea Holding to their net realizable value. For further information on the deferred gain recognized and impairment charge, refer to Note 5. ~~Other Assets~~ ~~to our consolidated financial statements.~~

~~Gross and Net Yields~~

Gross and Net Yields increased 4.5% and 5.5%, respectively, in 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to the increase in passenger ticket and onboard and other revenues, which are further discussed above. Gross and Net Yields on a Constant Currency basis increased 3.0% and 3.9%, respectively, in 2018 compared to 2017.

~~Gross and Net Cruise Costs~~

Gross and Net Cruise Costs increased 3.3% and 4.6%, respectively, in 2018 compared to 2017 and Gross and Net Cruise Costs per APCD increased 3.9% and 5.2%, respectively, in 2018 compared to 2017, primarily due to the gain of $30.9 million recognized on the sale of ~~Legend of the Seas~~ ~~in March 2017 that did not recur in 2018. Gross and Net Cruise Costs per APCD on a Constant Currency basis increased 3.0% and 4.4%, respectively, in 2018 compared to 2017.~~

~~Net Cruise Costs Excluding Fuel~~

~~Net Cruise Costs Excluding Fuel per APCD increased 7.0% in 2018 compared to 2017 and on a Constant Currency basis increased 6.0% in 2018 compared to 2017.~~

~~Other Comprehensive Income~~

~~Other comprehensive income~~ ~~in 2018 was $69.1 millioncompared to$155.4 million in 2017. The decrease of $86.4 million, or 55.6%, was primarily due to~~ ~~Gain on cash flow derivative hedges~~ in 2018 of $73.6 million, compared to $151.4 million in 2017. The decrease of $77.8 million in 2018 was primarily due to a decrease in foreign currency forward contract values in 2018 compared to an increase in 2017, partially offset by an increase in fuel swap instrument values in ~~2018~~2019 compared to a decrease in ~~2017.~~2018.

Future Application of Accounting Standards

Refer to Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements for further information on Recent Accounting Pronouncements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources and Uses of Cash

Cash flow generated from operations provides us with a significant source of liquidity. Net cash provided by operating activities increased ~~$272.3~~$154.3 million to ~~$1.9~~$1.1 billion for the first ~~six~~three months in ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~$1.7~~$0.9 billion for the same period in ~~2017.~~2018. The increase in cash provided by operating activities was primarily attributable to an increase in proceeds from customer deposits and an increase of $4.5 million in dividends received from unconsolidated affiliates during the first ~~six~~three months in ~~2018~~2019 compared to the same period in ~~2017. Additionally, dividends received from unconsolidated affiliates increased by $101.5 million.~~2018.

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Net cash used in investing activities~~was $2.1~~ decreased $1.2 billionto $0.5 billion for the first ~~six~~three months in ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~Net cash provided in investing activities~~ ~~of $7.7 million~~$1.6 billion for the same period in ~~2017.~~2018. The ~~change~~decrease in investing activities was primarily attributable to ~~an increase~~a decrease in capital expenditures of ~~$1.9~~$1.3 billion ~~primarily due~~as there were no ship deliveries or purchases during the first three months of 2019 compared to the delivery of Symphony of the Seas ~~and the purchase of~~ ~~Azamara Pursuit~~during ~~the first six months of 2018 compared to no ship deliveries or purchases for~~ the same period in ~~2017, as well as $230.0 million of proceeds received from the sale of property and equipment in 2017, which did not recur in~~ 2018.

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Net cash used in financing activities was$667.7 million for the first three months in 2019 compared to Net cash provided by financing activities ~~was$214.0 million for the first six months in 2018 compared to~~ ~~Net cash used in financing activities~~ of $~~1.7 billion~~711.9 million for the same period in ~~2017.~~2018. The change was primarily attributable to ~~an increase~~a decrease in debt proceeds of ~~$1.7~~$2.2 billion ~~during~~for the first ~~six~~three months ~~of 2018~~in 2019 compared to the same period in ~~2017 and a decrease in repayments~~2018, partially offset by net borrowings of ~~debt~~commercial paper of ~~$659.9~~$328.6 million during the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~the same period in 2017, partially offset by stock repurchases~~no borrowings of ~~$369.5 million during the first six months of 2018 that did not occur~~commercial paper during the same period in ~~2017~~2018 and ~~a higher amount of dividends paid~~no stock repurchases during the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2018~~2019 compared to $275.0 million of stock repurchases during the same period in ~~2017.~~2018. The ~~increase~~decrease in debt proceeds ~~during the first six months in 2018~~ was primarily due to the $1.2 billion unsecured term loan borrowed to finance Symphony of the Seas~~an increase in borrowings on our revolving credit facilitie~~s and the $130.0 million credit ~~agreement. The decrease~~facility, both borrowed in ~~repayment of debt was due to~~March 2018, and lower ~~payments~~drawings on our revolving credit facilities during the first ~~six~~three months ~~in 2018~~of 2019 compared to the same period in ~~2017.~~2018.

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Future Capital Commitments

Capital Expenditures

As of ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, our Global Brands and our Partner Brands have ~~twelve~~15 ships on order. The expected dates that these ships will enter service and their approximate berths are as follows:



Ship	Expected to Enter Service	Approximate Berths
Royal Caribbean International —
Oasis-class:
Unnamed	2nd Quarter 2021	~~5,500~~5,700
Quantum-class:
Spectrum of the Seas⁽¹⁾	2nd Quarter 2019	~~4,250~~4,200
~~Unnamed~~Odyssey of the Seas	4th Quarter 2020	~~4,250~~4,200
Icon-class:
Unnamed	2nd Quarter 2022	~~5,650~~5,600
Unnamed	2nd Quarter 2024	~~5,650~~5,600
Celebrity Cruises —
Edge-class:
~~Celebrity Edge~~	~~4th Quarter 2018~~	~~2,900~~
Celebrity Apex	2nd Quarter 2020	2,900
Unnamed	4th Quarter 2021	3,200
Unnamed	4th Quarter 2022	3,200
Celebrity Flora	2nd Quarter 2019	100
~~TUI~~Silversea Cruises ~~(50% joint venture)~~ ⁽¹⁾—
~~Unnamed~~Silver Origin	~~1st~~2nd Quarter ~~2019~~2020	100
Silver Moon	3rd Quarter 2020	550
Silver Dawn	3rd Quarter 2021	550
TUI Cruises (50% joint venture) —
Mein Schiff 7	2nd Quarter 2023	2,850
Unnamed	3rd Quarter ~~2023~~2024	~~2,850~~4,100
Unnamed	1st Quarter 2026	4,100
Total Berths		~~43,300~~46,950


(1)	~~The additional capacity is partially offset through the transfer~~In April 2019, we took delivery of Spectrum of the ~~original~~ Seas~~Mein Schiff 1~~ ~~to an affiliate of TUI AG, our joint venture partner in TUI Cruises, in April 2018.~~.

In ~~July~~September 2018, ~~TUI~~Silversea Cruises signed ~~conditional agreements~~a memorandum of understanding with ~~Fincantieri~~Meyer Werft (the "MOU") to build two ships of a new generation of ships. The ships ~~will~~are expected to have an aggregate capacity of approximately ~~8,200~~1,200 berths and are expected to enter service in ~~2024~~2022 and ~~2026,~~2023, respectively. ~~TUI Cruises'~~The MOU with Meyer Werft was contingent upon the completion of final documentation, which was completed in April 2019.

In February 2019, we entered into an agreement with ~~Fincantieri~~Chantiers de l’Atlantique to build the sixth Oasis-class ship for Royal Caribbean International. The ship is expected to have an aggregate capacity of approximately 5,700 berths and is expected to enter service in the fourth quarter of 2023. The order with Chantiers de l’Atlantique is contingent upon completion of conditions precedent ~~including financing.~~and financing, which is expected to be completed in 2019.

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Our future capital commitments consist primarily of new ship orders. As of ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, the aggregate cost of our ships on order, not including any ships on order by our Partner Brands, and the two ships under the MOU for Silversea Cruises and the sixth Oasis-class ship for Royal Caribbean International that remain contingent upon the items discussed above, was ~~approximately~~ $11.4 billion, of which we had deposited ~~$586.1~~$667.8 million. Approximately ~~54.3%~~54.0% of the aggregate cost was exposed to fluctuations in the Euro exchange rate at ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. These amounts do not include the ship order placed by Silversea Cruises during the reporting lag period. Refer to Note ~~10.~~14. Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments to our consolidated financial statements.

~~Including the investment in Silversea Cruises and their ships on order,~~As of March 31, 2019, we anticipate overall full year capital expenditures, based on our existing ships on order, will be approximately ~~$4.7 billion for 2018, $2.5 billion~~$3.0 bilion for 2019, ~~$2.8~~$3.9 billion for 2020, ~~$2.9~~$3.1 billion for 2021, ~~and $3.0~~$3.5 billion for ~~2022.~~2022 and $2.7 billion for 2023. These amounts do not include any ships on order by our Partner Brands.

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Contractual Obligations

As of ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, our contractual obligations were as follows (in thousands):


	Payments due by period										Payments due by period
			Less than		1-3		3-5		More than				Less than		1-3		3-5		More than
	Total		1 year		years		years		5 years		Total		1 year		years		years		5 years
Operating Activities:
Operating lease obligations⁽¹⁾	$	229,732	$	27,937	$	41,779	$	19,932	$	140,084	$	1,073,165	$	127,920	$	236,382	$	210,322	$	498,541
Interest on long-term debt⁽²⁾	1,504,109		302,578		498,991		333,956		368,584
Interest on debt⁽²⁾											1,623,490		329,775		557,248		385,789		350,678
Other⁽³⁾	976,284		188,253		364,704		193,942		229,385		513,500		182,340		242,641		53,161		35,358
Investing Activities:	0										0
Ship purchase obligations⁽⁴⁾	9,199,772		1,752,333		3,179,667		3,016,319		1,251,453		8,882,624		1,893,475		3,664,481		2,121,241		1,203,427
Financing Activities:	0										0
Long-term debt obligations⁽⁵⁾	8,474,818		1,170,169		2,369,772		2,210,570		2,724,307
Capital lease obligations⁽⁶⁾	44,271		7,457		14,343		10,255		12,216
Other⁽⁷⁾	23,454		9,238		11,093		3,123		—
Commercial paper⁽⁵⁾											1,112,030		1,112,030		—		—		—
Debt obligations⁽⁶⁾											9,045,459		1,613,256		1,935,838		1,995,234		3,501,131
Finance lease obligations⁽⁷⁾											127,195		33,068		66,677		18,800		8,650
Other⁽⁸⁾											22,575		6,352		9,999		6,188		36
Total	$	20,452,440	$	3,457,965	$	6,480,349	$	5,788,097	$	4,726,029	$	22,400,038	$	5,298,216	$	6,713,266	$	4,790,735	$	5,597,821


(1)	We are obligated under noncancelable operating leases primarily for ~~offices, warehouses~~preferred berthing arrangements, real estate and ~~motor vehicles.~~shipboard equipment. Amounts represent contractual obligations with initial terms in excess of one year.

(2)

Long-term debt obligations mature at various dates through fiscal year ~~2030~~2036 and bear interest at fixed and variable rates. Interest on variable-rate debt is calculated based on forecasted debt balances, including the impact of interest rate swap agreements using the applicable rate at ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. Debt denominated in other currencies is calculated based on the applicable exchange rate at ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. Amounts include imputed interest for our finance lease obligations, refer to Note 9, Leases, to our consolidated financial statements, for further information.


(3)	Amounts primarily represent future commitments with remaining terms in excess of one year to pay for marine consumables, services and maintenance contracts, and our usage of certain port ~~facilities, marine consumables, services and maintenance contracts. Amounts do not include the PortMiami lease further discussed below under Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements.~~facilities.

(4)

Amounts do not include potential obligations which remain subject to cancellation at our sole ~~discretion.~~discretion and activity related to Silversea Cruises during the three-month reporting lag period. Additionally, amounts do not include the conditional agreements with Meyer Werft for the two Silversea Cruises ships of a new generation and with Chantiers de l’Atlantique for the sixth Oasis-class ship for Royal Caribbean International.


(5)	Refer to Note 8. Debt to our consolidated financial statements for further information.


(6)	Amounts represent debt obligations with initial terms in excess of one year. Debt denominated in other currencies is calculated based on the applicable exchange rate at ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. In addition, debt obligations presented above are net of debt issuance costs of $199.4 million as of March 31, 2019.


~~(6)~~(7)	Amounts represent ~~capital~~finance lease obligations with initial terms in excess of one ~~year.~~year, net of imputed interest.

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~~(7)~~(8)	Amounts represent fees payable to sovereign guarantors in connection with certain of our export credit debt facilities and facility fees on our revolving credit facilities.

Please refer to Funding Needs and Sources for discussion on the planned funding of the above contractual obligations.

As a normal part of our business, depending on market conditions, pricing and our overall growth strategy, we continuously consider opportunities to enter into contracts for the building of additional ships. We may also consider the sale of ships or the purchase of existing ships. We continuously consider potential acquisitions and strategic alliances. If any of these were to occur, they would be financed through the incurrence of additional indebtedness, the issuance of additional shares of equity securities or through cash flows from operations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We and TUI AG have each guaranteed the repayment by TUI Cruises of 50% of a bank loan. As of ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, the outstanding principal amount of the loan was ~~€41.3~~€34.4 million, or approximately ~~$48.2~~$38.6 million based on the exchange rate at ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. The loan amortizes quarterly and is currently secured by a first mortgage on Mein Schiff 2Herz. Based on current facts and circumstances, we do not believe potential obligations under our guarantee of this bank loan are probable.

TUI Cruises has entered into various ship construction and credit agreements that include certain restrictions on each of our and TUI AG’s ability to reduce our current ownership interest in TUI Cruises below 37.55% through May ~~2028.~~

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SMBC will fund the costs of the terminal’s construction and land lease. Upon completion of the terminal's construction, which is expected to be during the fourth quarter of 2018, we will operate and lease the terminal from SMBC for a five-year term. We determined that the lease arrangement between SMBC and us should be accounted for as an operating lease upon completion of the terminal.

2031.

Some of the contracts that we enter into include indemnification provisions that obligate us to make payments to the counterparty if certain events occur. These contingencies generally relate to changes in taxes, increased lender capital costs and other similar costs. The indemnification clauses are often standard contractual terms and are entered into in the normal course of business. There are no stated or notional amounts included in the indemnification clauses and we are not able to estimate the maximum potential amount of future payments, if any, under these indemnification clauses. We have not been required to make any payments under such indemnification clauses in the past and, under current circumstances, we do not believe an indemnification obligation is probable.

As of ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, other than the items described above, we are not party to any other off-balance sheet arrangements, including guarantee contracts, retained or contingent interest, certain derivative instruments and variable interest entities, that either have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our financial position.

Funding Needs and Sources

We have significant contractual obligations of which our debt service obligations and the capital expenditures associated with our ship purchases represent our largest funding needs. As of ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, we had ~~approximately $3.5~~$5.3 billion in contractual obligations due through ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, of which approximately ~~$1.2~~$1.6 billion relates to debt maturities, ~~$302.6~~$329.8 million relates to interest on ~~long-term~~ debt and ~~$1.8~~$1.9 billion relates to progress payments on our ship orders and the final installments payable due upon the deliveries of ~~Celebrity Edge~~ ~~in the fourth quarter of 2018 and~~ Spectrum of the Seas ~~and~~ , which was delivered in April 2019,Celebrity Flora, scheduled for delivery in the second quarter of ~~2019.~~2019 and CelebrityApex and Silver Origin, which are both scheduled for delivery in the first quarter of 2020. We have historically relied on a combination of cash flows provided by operations, drawdowns under our available credit facilities, the incurrence of additional debt and/or the refinancing of our existing debt and the issuance of additional shares of equity securities to fund these obligations.

WeAs of March 31, 2019, we had a working capital deficit of ~~$4.4~~$6.8 billion, ~~and $3.9 billion as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Included within our working capital deficit is $1.2~~which included $1.6 billion of current portion of ~~long-term~~ debt, including ~~capital~~finance leases, asand $1.1 billion of ~~both June 30, 2018 and~~commercial paper. As of December 31, ~~2017.~~2018, we had a working capital deficit of $5.9 billion, which included $1.6 billion of current portion of debt, including finance leases and $775.5 million of commercial paper. Similar to others in our industry, we operate with a substantial working capital deficit. This deficit is mainly attributable to the fact that, under our business model, a vast majority of our passenger ticket receipts are collected in advance of the applicable sailing date. These advance passenger receipts remain a current liability until the sailing date. The cash generated from these advance receipts is used interchangeably with cash on hand from other sources, such as our revolving credit facilities, commercial paper and other cash from operations. The cash received as advanced receipts can be used to fund operating expenses for the applicable future sailing or otherwise, pay down our revolving credit facilities, commercial paper, invest in long term investments or any other use of cash. In addition, we have a relatively low-level of accounts receivable and rapid turnover results in a limited investment in inventories. We generate substantial cash flows from operations and our business model, along with our unsecured revolving credit facilities, has historically allowed us to maintain this working capital deficit and still meet our operating, investing and financing needs. We expect that we will continue to have working capital deficits in the future.

As of ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, we had liquidity of ~~$2.0~~$1.7 billion, consisting of ~~approximately $109.0~~$248.2 million in cash and cash equivalents and ~~$1.9~~$1.4 billion available under our unsecured credit ~~facilities.~~ facilities, net of our outstanding commercial paper notes.

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In April 2019, we entered into and drew in full on an unsecured three-year term loan agreement in the amount of $1.0 billion. The proceeds of this loan were used to repay the $700 million 364-day loan due July 2019 related to the acquisition of Silversea Cruises and the remaining balance of the unsecured term loan originally incurred in 2010 to purchase Allure of the Seas, which reduced our Current portion of debt by $76.8 million in our consolidated balance sheet subsequent to March 31, 2019.

We anticipate that our cash flows from operations and our current financing arrangements, as described above, will be adequate to meet our capital expenditures and debt repayments over the next twelve-month period.

In June 2018, we established a commercial paper program pursuant to which we may issue short-term unsecured notes from time to time in an aggregate amount of up to $1.2 billion. The commercial paper issued will be backstopped by our revolving credit facilities. As of June 30, 2018, we had not issued any notes under this program and as of July 31, 2018, we had $415.0 million of commercial paper notes outstanding.

On July 31, 2018, we acquired a 66.7% equity stake in Silversea Cruises for approximately $1.0 billion and contingent consideration payable upon achievement of certain 2019-2020 performance metrics. Additionally, in August 2018, we fully drew on a $700 million credit agreement that we entered into to finance a portion of the purchase price of the Silversea Cruises acquisition. The loan is due July 2019 and we are required to prepay the loan with the proceeds of certain debt issuances prior to maturity. We plan to finance the remainder of the transaction through the use of our revolving credit facilities. For further information on the $700 million credit agreement, refer to Note 6. ~~Long-Term Debt~~ ~~to our consolidated financial statements.~~

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As of ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, we have approximately ~~$862.5~~$700.0 million that remains available for future common stock repurchase transactions under a 24-month common stock repurchase program for up to $1.0 billion ~~approved~~authorized by our board of directors in May 2018. Repurchases under the program may be made at management's discretion from time to time on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions and are expected to be funded from available cash or borrowings under our revolving credit facilities. Refer to Note 12~~Note 8.~~. Shareholders' Equity to our consolidated financial statements for further information.

~~In April 2017, our board of directors authorized a common stock repurchase program for up to $500 million that was completed in February 2018. Refer to~~ ~~Note 8. Shareholders' Equity~~ ~~to our consolidated financial statements.~~

Debt Covenants

Certain of our financing agreements contain covenants that require us, among other things, to maintain minimum net worth of at least ~~$8.4~~$8.9 billion, a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.25x and limit our net debt-to-capital ratio to no more than 62.5%. The fixed charge coverage ratio is calculated by dividing net cash from operations for the past four quarters by the sum of dividend payments plus scheduled principal debt payments in excess of any new financings for the past four quarters. Our minimum net worth and maximum net debt-to-capital calculations exclude the impact of Accumulated other comprehensive loss on Total shareholders’ equity. We were well in excess of all debt covenant requirements as of ~~June 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. The specific covenants and related definitions can be found in the applicable debt agreements, the majority of which have been previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Dividends

During ~~both~~the first ~~and second quarters~~quarter of 2019, we declared a cash dividend on our common stock of $0.70 per share, which was paid in April 2019. During the first quarter of 2019, we also paid a cash dividend on our common stock of $0.70 per share, which was declared during the fourth quarter of 2018.

During the first quarter of 2018, we declared a cash dividend on our common stock of $0.60 per share, which was paid in April ~~2018 and July 2018, respectively.~~2018. During the first quarter of 2018, we also paid a cash dividend on our common stock of $0.60 per share, which was declared during the fourth quarter of 2017.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

For a discussion of our market risks, refer to Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. There have been no significant developments or material changes since the date of our Annual Report.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon such evaluation, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that those controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and are effective to provide reasonable assurance that such information is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms.

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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(d) during the quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

In July 2018, we acquired Silversea Cruise Holding Ltd. ("Silversea Cruises") and we are in the process of evaluating the controls and procedures at Silversea Cruises and integrating the acquired business into our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Readers are cautioned that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system will be met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events. Because of these and other inherent limitations of control systems, there is only reasonable assurance that our controls will succeed in achieving their goals under all potential future conditions.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The risk factors set forth below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are important factors that could cause actual results to differ from expected or historical results. It is not possible to predict or identify all such risks. There may be additional risks that we consider not to be material, or which are not known, and any of these risks could have the effects set forth below. The ordering of the risk factors set forth below is not intended to reflect any Company indication of priority or likelihood. See Part I, Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for a cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements.

Adverse worldwide economic or other conditions could reduce the demand for cruises and passenger spending, adversely impacting our operating results, cash flows and financial condition including potentially impairing the value of our ships and other assets.

The demand for cruises is affected by international, national and local economic conditions. Weak or uncertain economic conditions impact consumer confidence and pose a risk as vacationers may postpone or reduce discretionary spending. This, in turn, may result in cruise booking slowdowns, decreased cruise prices and lower onboard revenues. Given the global nature of our business, we are exposed to many different economies and our business could be hurt by challenging conditions in any of our markets. Any significant deterioration of international, national or local economic conditions could result in a prolonged period of booking slowdowns, depressed cruise prices and reduced onboard revenues.

Fears of terrorist attacks, war, and other hostilities could have a negative impact on our results of operations.

Events such as terrorist attacks, war (or war-like conditions), conflicts (domestic or cross-border), civil unrest and other hostilities, including an escalation in the frequency or severity of incidents, and the resulting political instability, travel restrictions and advisories, and concerns over safety and security aspects of traveling or the fear of any of the foregoing have had, and could have in the future, a significant adverse impact on demand and pricing in the travel and vacation industry. In view of our global operations, we are susceptible to a wide range of adverse events. These events could also result in additional security measures taken by local authorities which may potentially impact access to ports and/or destinations.

Our operating costs could increase due to market forces and economic or geo-political factors beyond our control.

Our operating costs, including fuel, food, payroll and benefits, airfare, taxes, insurance and security costs, are all subject to increases due to market forces and economic or geo-political conditions or other factors beyond our control. Increases in these operating costs could adversely affect our profitability.

Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, fuel prices and interest rates could affect our financial results.

We are exposed to market risk attributable to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, fuel prices and interest rates. Significant changes in any of the foregoing could have a material impact on our financial results, net of the impact of our hedging activities and natural offsets. Our operating results have been and will continue to be impacted, often significantly, by changes in each of these factors. The value of our earnings in foreign currencies is adversely impacted by a strong United States dollar. In addition, any significant increase in fuel prices could materially and adversely affect our business as fuel prices not only impact our fuel costs, but also some of our other expenses, such as crew travel, freight and commodity prices. Also, a significant increase in interest rates could materially impact the cost of our floating rate debt. Furthermore, regulatory changes, such as the announcement of the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority to phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021, may adversely affect our portfolio of floating-rate debt and interest rate derivatives. If LIBOR ceases to exist, we may need to renegotiate any credit agreements or interest rate derivatives agreements extending beyond 2021 that utilize LIBOR as a factor in determining the interest rate or hedge rate, which could adversely impact our cost of debt.

See Part 1,I, Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk for more information.

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Conducting business globally may result in increased costs and other risks.

We operate our business globally. Operating internationally exposes us to a number of risks, including increased exposure to a wider range of regional and local economic conditions, volatile local political conditions, potential changes in duties and taxes, including changing and/or uncertain interpretations of existing tax laws and regulations, required compliance with additional laws

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and policies affecting cruising, vacation or maritime businesses or governing the operations of foreign-based companies, currency fluctuations, interest rate movements, difficulties in operating under local business environments, port quality and availability in certain regions, U.S. and global anti-bribery laws or regulations, imposition of trade barriers and restrictions on repatriation of earnings.

Our future growth strategies increasingly depend on the growth and sustained profitability of certain international markets, such as China. Some factors that will be critical to our success in developing these markets may be different than those affecting our more-established North American and European markets. In the Chinese market, in particular, our future success depends on our ability to continue to raise awareness of our products, evolve the available distribution channels and adapt our offerings to best suit the Chinese consumer. China’s economy differs from the economies of other developed countries in many respects and, as the legal and regulatory system in China continues to evolve, there may be greater uncertainty as to the interpretation and enforcement of applicable laws and regulations. In March 2017, China's National Tourism Administration issued a directive to travel agents to halt sales of holiday packages to South Korea. This travel restriction has had a direct impact on our related itineraries impacting the overall performance of our China business. It is uncertain what the ultimate scope and duration of this restriction will be, but to the extent that this or similar sanctions affecting regional travel and/or tourism continues or are put in place, it may impact local demand, available cruise itineraries and the overall financial performance of the China market.

Operating globally also exposes us to numerous and sometimes conflicting legal, regulatory and tax requirements. In many parts of the world, including countries in which we operate, practices in the local business communities might not conform to international business standards. We must adhere to policies designed to promote legal and regulatory compliance as well as applicable laws and regulations. However, we might not be successful in ensuring that our employees, agents, representatives and other third parties with whom we associate throughout the world properly adhere to them. Failure by us, our employees or any of these third parties to adhere to our policies or applicable laws or regulations could result in penalties, sanctions, damage to our reputation and related costs which in turn could negatively affect our results of operations and cash flows.

We have operations in and source passengers from the United Kingdom and other member countries of the European Union. In March 2017, the United Kingdom notified the European Council of its intent to withdraw from the European Union. Since the initial referendum in June 2016, the expected withdrawal has resulted in increased volatility in the global financial markets and, in particular, in global currency exchange rates. The expected withdrawal could potentially adversely affect tax, legal and regulatory regimes to which our business in the region is subject. The expected withdrawal could also, among other potential outcomes, disrupt the free movement of goods, services and people between the United Kingdom and the European Union. Further, as the expected withdrawal approaches, continued uncertainty around these issues could lead to adverse effects on the economy of the United Kingdom, including the value of the British Pound, and the other economies in which we operate, making it more difficult to source passengers from these regions. These risks may be exacerbated if a structured withdrawal agreement is not ratified before the extended October 31, 2019 deadline, and/or if voters of other countries within the European Union similarly elect to exit the European Union in future referendums.

As a global operator, our business may be also impacted by changes in U.S. policy or priorities in areas such as trade, immigration and/or environmental or labor regulations, among others. Depending on the nature and scope of any such changes, they could impact our domestic and international business operations. Any such changes, and any international response to them, could potentially introduce new barriers to passenger or crew travel and/or cross border transactions, impact our guest experience and/or increase our operating costs.

If we are unable to address these risks adequately, our financial position and results of operations could be adversely affected, including potentially impairing the value of our ships and other assets.

New U.S. policy towards Cuba may adversely impact our Cuba cruise itineraries.

On April 17, 2019, the U.S. Government announced that effective as of May 2, 2019 it will no longer waive Title III of the Cuban Liberty and Solidarity (Libertad) Act of 1996, popularly known as the Helms-Burton Act. The activation of Title III will allow certain individuals whose property was confiscated by the Cuban government beginning in 1959 to sue in U.S. courts anyone who "traffics" in the property in question. Although the law exempts specified lawful travel to Cuba, this move could result in litigation against the Company by those claiming to have rights in confiscated property to the extent any such property is used by the Company and/or its cruise guests in connection with the Company’s cruises to Cuba. If these suits are successful, they could result in substantial monetary damages against the Company and/or impact the Company’s future scheduled Cuba cruise itineraries.

As part of the April 17, 2019 announcement, the U.S. Government stated that it will be tightening restrictions on travel to Cuba. The Company will not know the impact of these new restrictions until new regulations are enacted which could take several weeks or months. However, the new regulations could significantly limit the number of persons who would be eligible to cruise to Cuba and/or effectively prevent the Company from making any future scheduled cruises to Cuba. If this was to occur it could have a material adverse financial impact to the Company.

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Price increases for commercial airline service for our guests or major changes or reduction in commercial airline service and/or availability could adversely impact the demand for cruises and undermine our ability to provide reasonably priced vacation packages to our guests.

Many of our guests depend on scheduled commercial airline services to transport them to or from the ports where our cruises embark or disembark. Increases in the price of airfare would increase the overall price of the cruise vacation to our guests, which may adversely impact demand for our cruises. In addition, changes in the availability of commercial airline services could adversely affect our guests’ ability to obtain airfare, as well as our ability to fly our guests to or from our cruise ships, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

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Incidents or adverse publicity concerning our ships, port facilities, land destinations and/or passengers or the cruise vacation industry in general, unusual weather conditions and other natural disasters or disruptions could affect our reputation as well as impact our sales and results of operations.

The ownership and/or operation of cruise ships, private destinations, port facilities and shore excursions involves the risk of accidents, illnesses, mechanical failures, environmental incidents and other incidents which may bring into question safety, health, security and vacation satisfaction which could negatively impact our reputation. Incidents involving cruise ships, and, in particular the safety, health and security of guests and crew and media coverage thereof have impacted and could in the future impact demand for our cruises and pricing in the industry. Our reputation and our business could also be damaged by negative publicity regarding the cruise industry in general, including publicity regarding the spread of contagious disease and the potentially adverse environmental impacts of cruising. The considerable expansion in the use of social media and digital marketing over recent years has compounded the potential scope of any negative publicity. If any such incident or news cycle occurs during a time of high seasonal demand, the effect could disproportionately impact our results of operations for the year. In addition, incidents involving cruise ships may result in additional costs to our business, increasing government or other regulatory oversight and, in the case of incidents involving our ships, potential litigation.

Our cruise ships, ~~and~~ port facilities and land destinations may also be adversely impacted by weather or natural disasters or disruptions, such as hurricanes. We are often forced to alter itineraries and occasionally cancel a cruise or a series of cruises or to redeploy our ships due to these types of events, which could have an adverse effect on our sales and profitability in the current and future periods. ~~For example, the 2017 hurricane season was particularly impactful to our operations in the Caribbean.~~ Increases in the frequency, severity or duration of severe weather events, including those related to climate change, could exacerbate ~~the~~their impact and cause further disruption to our ~~operations.~~operations or make certain destinations less desirable. In addition, these and any other events which impact the travel industry more generally may negatively impact our ability to deliver guests or crew to our cruises and/or interrupt our ability to obtain services and goods from key vendors in our supply chain. Any of the foregoing could have an adverse impact on our results of operations and on industry performance.

An increase in capacity worldwide or excess capacity in a particular market could adversely impact our cruise sales and/or pricing.

Although our ships can be redeployed, cruise sales and/or pricing may be impacted by the introduction of new ships into the marketplace, reductions in cruise capacity, overall market growth and deployment decisions of ourselves and our competitors. As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, a total of 7589 new ships with approximately ~~184,000~~198,000 berths are on order for delivery through ~~2022~~2023 in the cruise industry. The further net growth in capacity from these new ships and future orders, without an increase in the cruise industry’s demand and/or share of the vacation market, could depress cruise prices and impede our ability to achieve yield improvement.

In addition, to the extent that we or our competitors deploy ships to a particular itinerary and the resulting capacity in that region exceeds the demand, we may lower pricing and profitability may be lower than anticipated. This risk exists in emerging cruise markets, ~~such as China,~~ where capacity has grown rapidly over the past few years and in mature markets where excess capacity is typically redeployed. Any of the foregoing could have an adverse impact on our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition, including potentially impairing the value of our ships and other assets.

Unavailability of ports of call may adversely affect our results of operations.

We believe that port destinations are a major reason why guests choose to go on a particular cruise or on a cruise vacation. The availability of ports and destinations is affected by a number of factors, including existing capacity constraints, constraints related to the size of certain ships, security, environmental and health concerns, adverse weather conditions and natural disasters, financial limitations on port development, exclusivity arrangements that ports may have with our competitors, geopolitical developments, local governmental regulations and local community concerns about port development and other adverse impacts on their communities from additional tourists and overcrowding. In addition, fuel costs may adversely impact the destinations on certain of our itineraries.

Today certain ports and destinations are facing a surge of both cruise and non-cruise tourism which, in certain cases, has fueled anti-tourism sentiments and related countermeasures to limit the volume of tourists allowed in these destinations, including proposed

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limits on cruise ships and cruise passengers. For example, effective 2020, the local government of Dubrovnik, Croatia will cap the number of cruise ships that can dock each day to two and the number of corresponding passengers. Similar existing and potential restrictions in ports and destinations such as Barcelona, Venice, Amsterdam, the Norwegian fjords and Bar Harbor could limit the itinerary and destination options we can offer our passengers going forward.

Any limitations on the availability or feasibility of our ports of call or on the availability of shore excursions and other service providers at such ports could adversely affect our results of operations.

Our reliance on shipyards, their subcontractors and our suppliers to implement our newbuild and ship upgrade programs and to repair and maintain our ships exposes us to risks which, if realized, could adversely impact our business.

We rely on shipyards, their subcontractors and our suppliers to effectively construct our new ships and to repair, maintain and upgrade our existing ships on a timely basis and in a cost effective manner.

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There are a limited number of shipyards with the capability and capacity to build, repair, maintain and/or upgrade our ~~new ships and, accordingly, increased~~ships.

Increased demand for available new construction slots and/or continued consolidation in the cruise shipyard industry ~~(including completion of Italian shipbuilder Fincantieri's bid for STX France)~~ could impact our ability toto: (1) construct new ships, when and as planned, (2) cause us to continue to commit to new ship orders earlier than we have historically done so and/or (3) result in stronger bargaining power on the part of the shipyards and the export credit agencies providing financing for the project. Our inability to timely and cost-effectively procure new capacity could have a significant negative impact on our future business plans and results of operations.

Building, repairing, maintaining and/or upgrading a ship is sophisticated work that involves significant risks. In addition, the prices of labor and/or various commodities that are used in the construction of ships can be subject to volatile price changes, including the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Shipyards, their subcontractors and/or our suppliers may encounter financial, technical or design problems when doing these jobs. If materialized, these problems could impact the timely delivery or costs of new ships or the ability of shipyards to repair and upgrade our fleet in accordance with our needs or expectations. In addition, delays, or mechanical faults and/or unforeseen incidents, such as the collapse of the drydock structure at the Grand Bahama Shipyard involving Oasis of the Seas, may result in cancellation of cruises or, in more severe situations, new ship orders, or necessitate unscheduled drydocks and repairs of ships. These events and any related adverse publicity could result in lost revenue, increased operating expenses, or both, and thus adversely affect our results of operations.

We may lose business to competitors throughout the vacation market.

We operate in the vacation market and cruising is one of many alternatives for people choosing a vacation. We therefore risk losing business not only to other cruise lines, but also to other vacation operators, which provide other leisure options, including hotels, resorts, internet-based alternative lodging sites and package holidays and tours.

We face significant competition from other cruise lines on the basis of cruise pricing, travel agent preference and also in terms of the nature of ships and services we offer to guests. Our principal competitors within the cruise vacation industry include Carnival Corporation & plc, which owns, among others, Aida Cruises, Carnival Cruise Line, Costa Cruises, Cunard Line, Holland America Line, P&O Cruises, Princess Cruises and Seabourn; Disney Cruise Line; MSC Cruises; and Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd, which owns Norwegian Cruise Line, Oceania Cruises and Regent Seven Seas Cruises. Our revenues are sensitive to the actions of other cruise lines in many areas, including pricing, scheduling, capacity and promotions, which can have a substantial adverse impact not only on our revenues, but on overall industry revenues.

In the event that we do not effectively market or differentiate our cruise brands from our competitors or otherwise compete effectively with other vacation alternatives and new or existing cruise companies, our results of operations and financial position could be adversely affected.

We may not be able to obtain sufficient financing or capital for our needs or may not be able to do so on terms that are acceptable or consistent with our expectations.

To fund our capital expenditures (including new ship orders), operations and scheduled debt payments, we have historically relied on a combination of cash flows provided by operations, drawdowns under available credit facilities, the incurrence of additional indebtedness and the sale of equity or debt securities in private or public securities markets. Any circumstance or event which leads to a decrease in consumer cruise spending, such as worsening global economic conditions or significant incidents impacting the cruise industry, could negatively affect our operating cash flows. See “-Adverse worldwide economic or other conditions…” and “-Incidents or adverse publicity concerning our ships and/or passengers or the cruise vacation industry…” for more information.

Although we believe we can access sufficient liquidity to fund our operations, investments and obligations as expected, there can be no assurances to that effect. Our ability to access additional funding as and when needed, our ability to timely refinance and/or replace our outstanding debt securities and credit facilities on acceptable terms and our cost of funding will depend upon

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numerous factors including, but not limited to, the vibrancy of the financial markets, our financial performance, the performance of our industry in general and the size, scope and timing of our financial needs. In addition, even where financing commitments have been secured, significant disruptions in the capital and credit markets could cause our banking and other counterparties to breach their contractual obligations to us. This could include failures of banks or other financial service companies to fund required borrowings under our loan agreements or to pay us amounts that may become due or return collateral that is refundable under our derivative contracts for hedging of fuel prices, interest rates and foreign currencies or other agreements. If any of the foregoing occurs it may have a negative impact on our cash flows, including our ability to meet our obligations, our results of operations and our financial condition.

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Our liquidity could be adversely impacted if we are unable to satisfy the covenants required by our credit facilities.

Our debt agreements contain covenants, including covenants restricting our and their ability to take certain actions and financial covenants. Our ability to maintain our credit facilities may also be impacted by changes in our ownership base. More specifically, we may be required to prepay our bank financing facilities if any person acquires ownership of more than 50% of our common stock or, subject to certain exceptions, during any 24-month period, a majority of our board of directors is no longer comprised of individuals who were members of our board of directors on the first day of such period. Our public debt securities also contain change of control provisions that would be triggered by a third-party acquisition of greater than 50% of our common stock coupled with a ratings downgrade.

~~Our failure~~Failure to comply with the terms of ~~our~~these debt facilities could result in an event of default. Generally, if an event of default under any debt agreement occurs, then pursuant to cross default acceleration clauses, our outstanding debt and derivative contract payables could become due and/or terminated. In addition, in such events, our credit card processors could hold back payments to create a reserve. We cannot provide assurances that we would have sufficient liquidity to repay, or the ability to refinance the debt if such amounts were accelerated upon an event of default.

If we are unable to appropriately balance our cost management and capital allocation strategies with our goal of satisfying guest expectations, it may adversely impact our business success.

Our goals call for us to provide high quality products and deliver high quality services. There can be no assurance that we can successfully balance these goals with our cost management and capital allocation strategies. Our business also requires us to make capital allocation decisions, such as ordering new ships, ~~and/or~~ upgrading our existing fleet, enhancing our technology and data capabilities, and expanding our portfolio of land-based assets, based on expected market preferences, competition and projected demand. There can be no assurance that our strategies will be successful, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Investments in older tonnage, in particular, run the risk of not meeting expected returns and diluting related asset values.

Our attempts to expand our business into new markets and new ventures may not be successful.

We opportunistically seek to grow our business through, among other things, expansion into new destination or source markets and establishment of new ventures complementary to our current offerings. These attempts to expand our business increase the complexity of our business, require significant levels of investment and can strain our management, personnel, operations and systems. There can be no assurance that these business expansion efforts will develop as anticipated or that we will succeed, and if we do not, we may be unable to recover our investment, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our reliance on travel agencies to sell and market our cruises exposes us to certain risks which, if realized, could adversely impact our business.

We rely on travel agencies to generate the majority of bookings for our ships. Accordingly, we must ensure that our commission rates and incentive structures remain competitive. If we fail to offer competitive compensation packages, these agencies may be incentivized to sell cruises offered by our competitors to our detriment, which could adversely impact our operating results. Our reliance on third-party sellers is particularly pronounced in certain markets, such as China, where we have a large number of travel agent charter and group sales and less retail agency and direct ~~booking.~~bookings. In addition, the travel agent industry is sensitive to economic conditions that impact discretionary ~~income.~~income of consumers. Significant disruptions, especially disruptions impacting those agencies that sell a high volume of our business, or contractions in the industry could reduce the number of travel agencies available for us to market and sell our cruises, which could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Disruptions in our shoreside or shipboard operations or our information systems may adversely affect our results of operations.

Our principal executive office and principal shoreside operations are located in Florida, and we have shoreside offices throughout the world. Actual or threatened natural disasters (e.g., hurricanes/typhoons, earthquakes, tornadoes, fires or floods) or

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similar events in these locations may have a material impact on our business continuity, reputation and results of operations. In addition, substantial or repeated information ~~systems~~system failures, computer viruses or cyber-attacks impacting our shoreside or shipboard operations could adversely impact our business. We do not generally carry business interruption insurance for our shoreside or shipboard operations or our information systems. As such, any losses or damages incurred by us could have an adverse impact on our results of operations.

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The loss of key personnel, our inability to recruit or retain qualified personnel, or disruptions among our shipboard personnel due to strained employee relations could adversely affect our results of operations.

Our success depends, in large part, on the skills and contributions of key executives and other employees, and on our ability to recruit, develop and retain high quality ~~personnel.~~personnel and develop adequate succession plans. As demand for qualified personnel in the industry grows, we must continue to effectively recruit, train, motivate and retain our employees, both shoreside and on our ships, in order to effectively compete in our industry, maintain our current business and support our projected global growth.

As of December 31, ~~2017, 85%~~2018, 89% of our shipboard employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements. A dispute under our collective bargaining agreements could result in a work stoppage of those employees covered by the agreements. We may not be able to satisfactorily renegotiate these collective bargaining agreements when they expire. In addition, existing collective bargaining agreements may not prevent a strike or work stoppage on our ships. We may also be subject to or affected by work stoppages unrelated to our business or collective bargaining agreements. Any such work stoppages or potential work stoppages could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, as could a loss of key employees, our inability to recruit or retain qualified personnel or disruptions among our personnel.

Business activities that involve our ~~co-investment~~co-investments with third parties may subject us to additional risks.

Partnerships, joint ventures and other business structures involving our ~~co-investment~~co-investments with third parties generally include some form of shared control over the operations of the business and create additional risks, including the possibility that other investors in such ventures could become bankrupt or otherwise lack the financial resources to meet their obligations, or could have or develop business interests, policies or objectives that are inconsistent with ours. In addition to financial risks, our co-investment activities may also present managerial and operational risks and expose us to reputational or legal concerns. These or other issues related to our ~~co-investment~~co-investments with third parties could adversely impact our operations.

Past or pending business acquisitions or potential acquisitions that we may decide to pursue in the future carry inherent risks which could adversely impact our financial performance and condition.

The Company, from time to time, has engaged in acquisitions (e.g., our ~~recent~~ Silversea Cruises acquisition) and may pursue acquisitions in the future, which are subject to, among other factors, the Company’s ability to identify attractive business opportunities and to negotiate favorable terms for such opportunities. Accordingly, the Company cannot make any assurances that potential acquisitions will be completed timely or at all, or that if completed, we would realize the anticipated benefits of such acquisition. Acquisitions also carry inherent risks such as, among others: (1) the potential delay or failure of our efforts to successfully integrate business processes and realizing expected synergies; (2) difficulty in aligning procedures, controls and/or policies; and (3) future unknown liabilities and costs that may be associated with an acquisition. In addition, acquisitions may also adversely impact our liquidity and/or debt levels, and the recognized value of goodwill and other intangible assets can be negatively affected by unforeseen events and/or circumstances, which may result in an impairment charge. Any of the foregoing events could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.

We rely on supply chain vendors and third-party service providers who are integral to the operations of our businesses. These vendors and service providers may be unable or unwilling to deliver on their commitments or may act in ways that could harm our business.

We rely on supply chain vendors to deliver key products to the operations of our businesses around the world. Any event impacting a vendor’s ability to deliver goods of the ~~required~~expected quality at the location and time needed could negatively impact our ability to deliver our cruise experience. Events impacting our supply chain could be caused by factors beyond the control of our suppliers or us, including inclement weather, natural disasters, increased demand, problems in production or distribution and/or disruptions in ~~third party~~third-party logistics or transportation systems. Interruptions to our supply chain could increase costs and could limit the availability of products critical to our operations.

In order to achieve cost and operational efficiencies, we outsource to third-party vendors certain services that are integral to the operations of our global businesses, such as our onboard concessionaires, certain of our call center operations and operation of a large part of our information technology systems. We are subject to the risk that certain decisions are subject to the control of our third-party service providers and that these decisions may adversely affect our activities. A failure to adequately monitor a third-party service provider’s compliance with a service level agreement or regulatory or legal requirements could result in

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significant economic and reputational harm to us. There is also a risk the confidentiality, privacy and/or security of data held by third parties or communicated over third-party networks or platforms could become compromised.

~~A failure~~If we are unable to keep pace with developments in technology or technological obsolescence, ~~could impair~~ our operations or competitive ~~position.~~

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position could become impaired.

Our business continues to demand the use of sophisticated technology and systems. These technologies and systems require significant investment and must be proven, refined, updated, upgraded and/or replaced with more advanced systems in order to continue to meet our customers’ demands and expectations. If we are unable to do so in a timely manner or within reasonable cost parameters or if we are unable to appropriately and timely train our employees to operate any of these new systems, our business could suffer. We also may not achieve the benefits that we anticipate from any new technology or system, ~~and a failure to do so~~which could result in higher than anticipated costs or ~~could~~ impair our operating results.

We ~~may be~~are exposed to ~~cyber attacks and/or~~cyber-attacks and data breaches, including the risks and costs associated with protecting our ~~key operating~~ systems and maintaining integrity and security of our business information, as well as personal data of our guests, employees and business partners.

~~Cyber attacks~~We are subject to cyber-attacks. These cyber-attacks can vary in scope and intent from ~~economically driven~~ attacks ~~to malicious attacks targeting our key operating systems~~ with the ~~intent~~objective of compromising our systems, networks and communications for economic gain to ~~disrupt, disable~~attacks with the objective of disrupting, disabling or otherwise ~~cripple~~compromising our maritime ~~and /or~~and/or shoreside operations. ~~This~~The attacks can ~~include any combination~~encompass a wide range of methods and intent, including phishing attacks, illegitimate requests for payment, theft of intellectual property, theft of confidential or non-public information, installation of malware, ~~and/~~installation of ransomware and theft of personal or ~~viruses targeted at our key systems.~~business information. The breadth and scope of ~~this threat has grown over time, and~~these attacks, as well as the techniques and sophistication used to conduct ~~cyber~~these attacks, as well as the sources and targets of the attacks, change frequently. While we invest time, effort and capital resources to secure our key systems and networks, our security measures cannot provide absolute assurance that we will be successful in preventing or responding to all such attacks.

have grown over time.

A successful ~~cyber attack~~cyber-attack may target us directly, or it may be the result of a third ~~party vendor's~~party's inadequate care. In either scenario, the Company may suffer damage to its ~~key~~ systems ~~and/or~~and data that could interrupt our operations, adversely impact our reputation and brand and expose us to increased risks of governmental investigation, litigation and other liability, any of which could adversely affect our business. Furthermore, responding to such an attack and mitigating the risk of future attacks could result in additional operating and capital costs in systems technology, personnel, monitoring and other investments.

In addition, ~~to malicious cyber attacks,~~ we are also subject to various risks associated with the collection, handling, storage and transmission of sensitive information. In the course of doing business, we collect large volumes of ~~internal,~~employee, customer and other third-party data, including personally identifiable information and individual credit data, for various business purposes. We are subject to federal, state and international laws (including the European Union General Data Protection ~~Regulation which took effect in May 2018)~~Regulation), as well as industry standards, relating to the collection, use, retention, security and transfer of personally identifiable information and individual credit data. In many cases, these laws apply not only to third-party transactions, but also to transfers of information between the Company and its subsidiaries, and among the Company, its subsidiaries and other parties with which the Company has commercial relations. Several jurisdictions have passed laws in this area, and other jurisdictions are considering imposing additional restrictions. These laws continue to develop and may be inconsistent from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Complying with emerging and changing international requirements has caused, and may cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices. If we fail to comply with the various applicable data collection and privacy laws, we could be exposed to fines, penalties, restrictions, litigation or other expenses, and our business could be adversely impacted.

While we continue to evolve our cyber-security practices in line with our business' reliance on technology and the changing external threat landscape, and we invest time, effort and financial resources to secure our systems, networks and communications, our security measures cannot provide absolute assurance that we will be successful in preventing or responding to all cyber-attacks. There can be no assurance that any breach or incident will not have a material impact on our operations and financial results.

Even if we are fully compliant with legal and/or industry standards and any relevant contractual requirements, we still may not be able to prevent security breaches involving sensitive data and/or critical systems. Any breach, theft, loss, or fraudulent use of guest, employee, third-party or company data, could adversely impact our reputation and brand and our ability to retain or attract new customers, and expose us to risks of data loss, business disruption, governmental investigation, litigation and other liability, any of which could adversely affect our business. Significant capital investments and other expenditures could be required to remedy the problem and prevent future breaches, including costs associated with additional security technologies, personnel, experts and credit monitoring services for those whose data has been breached. Further, if we or our vendors experience significant data security breaches or fail to detect and appropriately respond to significant data security breaches, we could be exposed to government enforcement actions and private litigation.

The potential unavailability of insurance coverage, or an inability to obtain insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates or our failure to have coverage in sufficient amounts to cover our incurred losses may adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.

We seek to maintain appropriate insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates. We normally insure based on the cost of an asset rather than replacement value and we also elect to self-insure, co-insure, or use deductibles in certain circumstances

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for certain risks such as loss of use of a ship or a cyber-security breach. The limits of insurance coverage we purchase are based on the availability of the coverage, evaluation of our risk profile and cost of coverage. Accordingly, we are not protected against all risks and we cannot be certain that our coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred which could result in an unexpected decrease in our revenue and results of operations in the event of an incident.

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We are members of ~~three~~four Protection and Indemnity ("P&I") clubs, which are part of a worldwide group of 13 P&I clubs, known as the International Group of P&I Clubs (the “IG”). P&I coverage provided by the clubs is on a mutual basis and we are subject to additional premium calls in the event of a catastrophic loss incurred by any member of the 13 P&I clubs, whereby the reinsurance limits purchased by the IG are exhausted. We are also subject to additional premium calls based on investment and underwriting shortfalls experienced by our own individual insurers.

We cannot be certain that insurance and reinsurance coverage will be available to us and at commercially reasonable rates in the ~~future.~~future or at all or, if available, that it will be sufficient to cover potential claims. Additionally, if we or other insureds sustain significant losses, the result may be higher insurance premiums, cancellation of coverage, or the inability to obtain coverage. Such events could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.

Environmental, labor, health and safety, financial responsibility and other maritime regulations could affect operations and increase operating costs.

The United States and various state and foreign government or regulatory agencies have enacted or may enact environmental regulations or policies, such as requiring the use of low sulfur fuels, that could increase our direct cost to operate in certain markets, increase our cost for fuel, limit the supply of compliant fuel, cause us to incur significant expenses to purchase and/or develop new equipment and adversely impact the cruise vacation industry. While we have taken and expect to continue to take a number of actions to mitigate the potential impact of certain of these regulations, there can be no assurances that these efforts will be successful or completed on a timely basis.

There is increasing global regulatory focus on climate change, ~~and~~ greenhouse gas (GHG) and other emissions. These regulatory efforts, both internationally and in the United States are still developing, and we cannot yet determine what the final regulatory programs or their impact will be in any jurisdiction where we do business. However, such climate change-related regulatory activity in the future may adversely affect our business and financial results by requiring us to reduce our emissions, purchase allowances or otherwise pay for our emissions. Such activity may also impact us by increasing our operating costs, including fuel costs.

Some environmental groups have also lobbied for more stringent regulation of cruise ships and have generated negative publicity about the cruise vacation industry and its environmental impact. See Part I, Item 1. Business-Regulation-Environmental Regulations ofin our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

In addition, we are subject to various international, national, state and local laws, regulations and treaties that govern, among other things, discharge from our ships, safety standards applicable to our ships, treatment of disabled persons, health and sanitary standards applicable to our guests, security standards on board our ships and at the ship/port interface areas, and financial responsibilities to our guests. These issues are, and we believe will continue to be, an area of focus by the relevant authorities throughout the world. This could result in the enactment of more stringent regulation of cruise ships that could subject us to increasing compliance costs in the future.

A change in our tax status under the United States Internal Revenue Code, or other jurisdictions, may have adverse effects on our income.

We and a number of our subsidiaries are foreign corporations that derive income from a U.S. trade or business and/or from sources within the United States. In connection with the year end audit, each year, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, our U.S. tax counsel, ~~has delivered~~delivers to us an opinion, based on certain representations and assumptions set forth in it, to the effect that this income, to the extent derived from or incidental to the international operation of a ship or ships, is excluded from gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes pursuant to Section 883 of the Internal Revenue Code. We believe that most of our income (including that of our subsidiaries) is derived from or incidental to the international operation of ~~a ship or~~ ships.

Our ability to rely on Section 883 could be challenged or could change in the future. Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, including Section 883, are subject to legislative change at any time. Moreover, changes could occur in the future with respect to the identity, residence or holdings of our direct or indirect shareholders, trading volume or trading frequency of our shares, or relevant foreign tax laws of Liberia such that it no longer qualifies as an equivalent exemption jurisdiction, that could affect our eligibility for the Section 883 exemption. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will continue to be exempt from U.S. income tax on U.S. source shipping income in the future. If we were not entitled to the benefit of Section 883, we and our subsidiaries would be subject to U.S. taxation on a portion of the income derived from or incidental to the international operation of our ships, which would reduce our net income.

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Additionally, portions of our business are operated by companies that are within the United Kingdom tonnage tax regime. Further, some of our operations are conducted in jurisdictions where we rely on tax treaties to provide exemption from taxation. To the extent the United Kingdom tonnage tax laws change or we do not continue to meet the applicable qualification requirements

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or if tax treaties are changed or revoked, we may be required to pay higher income tax in these jurisdictions, adversely impacting our results of operations.

As budgetary constraints continue to adversely impact the jurisdictions in which we operate, increases in income tax regulations, tax audits or tax reform affecting our operations may be imposed.

Litigation, enforcement actions, fines or penalties could adversely impact our financial condition or results of operations and/or damage our reputation.

Our business is subject to various United States and international laws and regulations that could lead to enforcement actions, fines, civil or criminal penalties or the assertion of litigation claims and damages. In addition, improper conduct by our employees, agents or joint venture partners could damage our reputation and/or lead to litigation or legal proceedings that could result in civil or criminal penalties, including substantial monetary fines. In certain circumstances it may not be economical to defend against such matters and/or a legal strategy may not ultimately result in us prevailing in a matter. Such events could lead to an adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

We are not a United States corporation and our shareholders may be subject to the uncertainties of a foreign legal system in protecting their interests.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws and by the Business Corporation Act of Liberia. The provisions of the Business Corporation Act of Liberia resemble provisions of the corporation laws of a number of states in the United States. However, while most states have a fairly well developed body of case law interpreting their respective corporate statutes, there are very few judicial cases in Liberia interpreting the Business Corporation Act of Liberia. As such, the rights and fiduciary responsibilities of directors under Liberian law are not as clearly established as the rights and fiduciary responsibilities of directors under statutes or judicial precedent in certain United States jurisdictions. For example, the right of shareholders to bring a derivative action in Liberian courts may be more limited than in United States jurisdictions. There may also be practical difficulties for shareholders attempting to bring suit in Liberia and Liberian courts may or may not recognize and enforce foreign judgments. Thus, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests with respect to actions by management, directors or controlling shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a United States jurisdiction.

Provisions of our Articles of Incorporation, By-Laws and Liberian law could inhibit others from acquiring us, prevent a change of control, and may prevent efforts by our shareholders to change our management.

Certain provisions of our Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws and Liberian law may inhibit third parties from effectuating a change of control of the Company without approval from our board of directors which could result in the entrenchment of current management. These include provisions in our Articles of Incorporation that prevent third parties, other than A. Wilhelmsen AS. and Cruise Associates, from acquiring beneficial ownership of more than 4.9% of our outstanding shares without the consent of our board of directors.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Share Repurchases

~~The following table presents the total number of shares of our common stock that we repurchased during~~During the quarter ended ~~June 30, 2018:~~March 31, 2019, there were no common stock repurchases.

Period Total number of shares purchased Average price paid per share
Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs⁽¹⁾
Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
April 1, 2018 - April 30, 2018 — $— — $—
May 1, 2018 - May 31, 2018 — $— — $1,000,000,000
June 1, 2018 - June 30, 2018 1,285,234 $106.93 1,285,234 $862,500,000
Total 1,285,234 1,285,234

~~(1)~~

~~On May 9 2018, we announced that our board of directors authorized~~As of March 31, 2019, we have approximately $700.0 million that remains available for future stock repurchase transactions under a 24-month common stock repurchase program for up to $1.0 billion authorized by our board of directors on May 9, 2018. Refer to Note 12. Shareholders' Equity to our consolidated financial statements under Item 1. Financial Statements for further information.~~$1.0 billion.~~ ~~For further information on our stock repurchase transactions, refer to Note 8.~~ ~~Shareholders' Equity~~ ~~to our consolidated financial statements.~~

Table of Contents

Item 6. Exhibits



10.1			Employment Agreement, dated as of December 31, 2012, by and between the Company and Harri U. Kulovaara (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 25, 2013).

10.2			Form of First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated ~~May 8, 2018,~~as of ~~Adam Goldstein~~February 6, 2015 (entered into between the Company and each of Messrs. Fain, Kulovaara and Liberty) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 23, 2015).

10.3			Amendment to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 5, 2019, by and among the Company, The Bank of Nova Scotia, as administrative agent for the lender parties and the lender parties (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on ~~May 11, 2018)~~April 10, 2019).

~~10.2~~			Commercial Paper Dealer Agreement, dated June 14, 2018, between Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., as Issuer, and the Dealer party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 18, 2018).

~~10.3~~10.4			Loan Agreement, dated as of ~~June 29, 2018,~~April 5, 2019, among Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., as the Borrower, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, ~~and JPMorgan Chase~~ Bank of America, N.A. as Administrative Agent and Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. New York Branch, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, The Bank of ~~America, N.A., Citigroup Global~~Nova Scotia, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association and DNB Markets ~~Limited, Goldman Sachs Bank USA and Morgan Stanley Senior Funding,~~ Inc. as Co-Syndication Agents (incorporated by reference to Exhibit ~~10.1~~10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on ~~July 5, 2018)~~April 10, 2019).

~~10.4~~			Amended and Restated Hull No. S-697 Credit Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2018 (Amendment No. 5 to the original agreement, dated as of June 8, 2011), by and between the Company, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, the Mandated Lead Arrangers and KfW-IPEX-Bank GmbH, as Hermes Agent and Facility Agent.*

~~10.5~~			Amended and Restated Hull No. S-698 Credit Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2018 (Amendment No. 5 to the original agreement, dated as of June 8, 2011), by and between the Company, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, the Mandated Lead Arrangers and KfW-IPEX-Bank GmbH, as Hermes Agent and Facility Agent.*

~~10.6~~			Amended and Restated Hull No. S-699 Credit Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2018 (Amendment No. 2 to the original agreement, dated as of November 27, 2013), by and between the Company, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, the Mandated Lead Arrangers and KfW-IPEX-Bank GmbH, as Hermes Agent and Facility Agent.*

~~10.7~~			Amendment No. 1 to Hull S-700 Credit Agreement, dated as of September 7. 2016, by and between the Company, the Lenders from time to time party thereto and KfW IPEX-Bank GmbH, as Hermes Agent, Facility Agent and Initial Mandated Lead Arranger.*

~~10.8~~			Amended and Restated Hull No. S-700 Credit Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2018 (Amendment No. 2 to the original agreement, dated as of November 13, 2015), by and among the Company, the Lenders from time to time party thereto and KfW IPEX-Bank GmbH, as Hermes Agent, Facility Agent and Initial Mandated Lead Arranger.*

~~10.9~~			Amendment No. 1 to Hull S-713 Credit Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2016, by and between the Company, the Lenders from time to time party thereto and KfW IPEX-Bank GmbH, as Hermes Agent, Facility Agent and Initial Mandated Lead Arranger.*

~~10.10~~			Amended and Restated Hull No. S-713 Credit Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2018 (Amendment No. 2 to the original agreement, dated as of November 13, 2015), by and among the Company, the Lenders from time to time party thereto and KfW IPEX-Bank GmbH, as Hermes Agent, Facility Agent and Initial Mandated Lead Arranger.*

~~10.11~~			Amended and Restated Icon 1 Hull No. S-1400 Credit Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2018 (Amendment No. 1 to the original agreement, dated as of October 11, 2017), between Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., as the Borrower, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, KfW IPEX-Bank GmbH, as Hermes Agent, Facility Agent, Documentation Agent and Initial Mandated Lead Arranger and BNP Paribas Fortis SA/NV as Finnvera Agent.*

~~10.12~~			Amended and Restated Icon 2 Hull No. S-1401 Credit Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2018 (Amendment No. 1 to the original agreement dated as of October 11, 2017), between Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., as the Borrower, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, KfW IPEX-Bank GmbH, as Hermes Agent, Facility Agent, Documentation Agent and Initial Mandated Lead Arranger and BNP Paribas Fortis SA/NV as Finnvera Agent.*

31.1			Certification of the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934*

31.2			Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934*

32.1			Certifications of the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code**

~~Table of Contents~~



*		Filed herewith
**		Furnished herewith

Interactive Data File

101 The following financial statements of Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. for the ~~quarter~~period ended ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, formatted in XBRL are filed herewith:

(i) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 and ~~six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017;~~2018;


(ii)	the Consolidated Balance Sheets at ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and December 31, ~~2017;~~2018;

(iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019 and ~~2017;~~2018; and

(iv) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged in summary and detail.

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



		ROYAL CARIBBEAN CRUISES LTD.
		(Registrant)


		/s/ JASON T. LIBERTY
		Jason T. Liberty
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
~~August 2, 2018~~May 1, 2019		(Principal Financial Officer and duly authorized signatory)

5852



Republic of Liberia		98-0081645
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)



		Carrying Value
Non-derivative instrument designated as hedging instrument under ASC 815-20	Balance Sheet Location	As of June 30, 2018		As of December 31, 2017
Foreign currency debt	Current portion of long-term debt	$	79,575	$	70,097
Foreign currency debt	Long-term debt	219,279		225,226
		$	298,854	$	295,323



		Carrying Value
Non-derivative instrument designated as hedging instrument under ASC 815-20	Balance Sheet Location	As of March 31, 2019		As of December 31, 2018
Foreign currency debt	Current portion of debt	$	73,536	$	38,168
Foreign currency debt	Long-term debt	239,669		281,984
		$	313,205	$	320,152


Derivatives and Related Hedged Items under ASC 815-20 Fair Value Hedging Relationships	Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative and Hedged Item	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative										Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Hedged Item										Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative and Hedged Item	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative						Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Hedged Item
		Quarter Ended June 30, 2018			Quarter Ended June 30, 2017		Six Months Ended June 30, 2018			Six Months Ended June 30, 2017		Quarter Ended June 30, 2018		Quarter Ended June 30, 2017			Six Months Ended June 30, 2018		Six Months Ended June 30, 2017				Quarter Ended March 31, 2019			Quarter Ended March 31, 2018			Quarter Ended March 31, 2019			Quarter Ended March 31, 2018
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense, net of interest capitalized	$	(5,310	)	$	869	$	(17,880	)	$	2,042	$	3,374	$	—		$	16,556	$	—		Interest expense, net of interest capitalized	$	(2,257	)	$	(12,570	)	$	(8,459	)	$	13,182
Interest rate swaps	Other income (expense)	—			5,351		—			3,820		—		(4,311		)	—		(1,854		)	Other income (expense)	8,092			—			—			—
		$	(5,310	)	$	6,220	$	(17,880	)	$	5,862	$	3,374	$	(4,311	)	$	16,556	$	(1,854	)		$	5,835		$	(12,570	)	$	(8,459	)	$	13,182



ý	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934



o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934



	Page

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements	1

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	4440

Item 4. Controls and Procedures	4440

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings	4642

Item 1A. Risk Factors	4642

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	5450

Item 6. Exhibits	5651

SIGNATURES	5852



	As of
	June 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	108,998		$	120,112
Trade and other receivables, net	355,729			318,641
Inventories	121,879			111,393
Prepaid expenses and other assets	418,817			258,171
Derivative financial instruments	94,473			99,320
Total current assets	1,099,896			907,637
Property and equipment, net	21,429,719			19,735,180
Goodwill	288,418			288,512
Other assets	1,239,003			1,429,597
	$	24,057,036		$	22,360,926
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Current portion of long-term debt	$	1,177,626		$	1,188,514
Accounts payable	418,616			360,113
Accrued interest	61,175			47,469
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	751,585			903,022
Derivative financial instruments	44,203			47,464
Customer deposits	3,049,145			2,308,291
Total current liabilities	5,502,350			4,854,873
Long-term debt	7,341,463			6,350,937
Other long-term liabilities	439,525			452,813
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock ($0.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; none outstanding)	—			—
Common stock ($0.01 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 235,779,344 and 235,198,901 shares issued, June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)	2,358			2,352
Paid-in capital	3,397,561			3,390,117
Retained earnings	9,429,784			9,022,405
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(265,200		)	(334,265		)
Treasury stock (25,293,576 and 21,861,308 common shares at cost, June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)	(1,790,805		)	(1,378,306		)
Total shareholders’ equity	10,773,698			10,702,303
	$	24,057,036		$	22,360,926


(1)	~~(1)~~ Accounting Standard Codification 815-20 “Derivatives and Hedging.~~Derivatives and Hedging~~.”


Line Item in the Statement of Financial Position Where the Hedged Item is Included	Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)				Cumulative amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)						Carrying Amount of the Hedged Liabilities				Cumulative amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Liabilities
	As of June 30, 2018		As of December 31, 2017		As of June 30, 2018			As of December 31, 2017			As of March 31, 2019		As of December 31, 2018		As of March 31, 2019			As of December 31, 2018
Current portion of long-term debt and Long-term debt	$	730,462	$	749,155	$	(36,648	)	$	(34,813	)
Current portion of debt and Long-term debt											$	734,266	$	725,486	$	(16,306	)	$	(24,766	)
	$	730,462	$	749,155	$	(36,648	)	$	(34,813	)	$	734,266	$	725,486	$	(16,306	)	$	(24,766	)



Derivatives under ASC 815-20 Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Derivative (Effective Portion)												Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Income (Effective Portion)	Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Income (Effective Portion)
	Quarter Ended June 30, 2018			Quarter Ended June 30, 2017			Six Months Ended June 30, 2018			Six Months Ended June 30, 2017				Quarter Ended June 30, 2018			Quarter Ended June 30, 2017			Six Months Ended June 30, 2018			Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Interest rate swaps	$	8,867		$	(19,060	)	$	46,058		$	(21,549	)	Interest expense, net of interest capitalized	$	(2,138	)	$	(7,863	)	$	(8,976	)	$	(16,720	)
Foreign currency forward contracts	(193,329		)	97,521			(97,963		)	99,650			Depreciation and amortization expenses	(3,156		)	(2,710		)	(6,468		)	(5,420		)
Foreign currency forward contracts	—			—			—			—			Other income (expense)	14,601			(4,105		)	14,643			(7,675		)
Foreign currency collar options	—			—			—			—			Depreciation and amortization expenses	—			(602		)	—			(1,204		)
Fuel swaps	—			—			—			—			Other income (expense)	(133		)	2,498			192			4,775
Fuel swaps	126,778			(4,125		)	121,837			(34,693		)	Fuel	2,043			(41,835		)	(3,089		)	(81,763		)
	$	(57,684	)	$	74,336		$	69,932		$	43,408			$	11,217		$	(54,617	)	$	(3,698	)	$	(108,007	)



Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income (Net Investment Excluded Components)	Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Net inception fair value at January 1, 2018	$	(11,335	)
Amount of gain recognized in income on derivatives for the period ended June 30, 2018	1,488
Amount of loss remaining to be amortized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, as of June 30, 2018	(2,205		)
Fair value at June 30, 2018	$	(12,052	)



Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income (Net Investment Excluded Components)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Net inception fair value at January 1, 2019	$	(8,359	)
Amount of gain recognized in income on derivatives for the period ended March 31, 2019	744
Amount of loss remaining to be amortized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, as of March 31, 2019	(656		)
Fair value at March 31, 2019	$	(8,271	)


	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)								Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Non-derivative instruments under ASC 815-20 Net Investment Hedging Relationships	Quarter Ended June 30, 2018		Quarter Ended June 30, 2017		Six Months Ended June 30, 2018		Six Months Ended June 30, 2017		Quarter Ended March 31, 2019		Quarter Ended March 31, 2018
Foreign Currency Debt	$	15,853	$	21,888	$	7,609	$	26,257	$	5,702	$	(8,244	)
	$	15,853	$	21,888	$	7,609	$	26,257	$	5,702	$	(8,244	)



		Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments under ASC 815-20	Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	Quarter Ended March 31, 2019			Quarter Ended March 31, 2018
Foreign currency forward contracts	Other income (expense)	$	5,014		$	5,635
Fuel swaps	Fuel	(136		)	(30		)
Fuel swaps	Other income (expense)	(98		)	2,205
		$	4,780		$	7,810


(1)	Refer to Note 5.3. ~~Other Assets~~Business Combination to our consolidated financial statements for information on the ~~impairment loss related to Skysea Holding.~~Silversea Cruises acquisition.


(3)	Refer to Note 1.7. ~~General~~ Other Assets to our consolidated financial statements for information on the ~~Silversea Cruises acquisition.~~impairment loss related to Skysea Holding.



Period	Total number of shares purchased	Average price paid per share	Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs⁽¹⁾	Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
April 1, 2018 - April 30, 2018	—	$—	—	$—
May 1, 2018 - May 31, 2018	—	$—	—	$1,000,000,000
June 1, 2018 - June 30, 2018	1,285,234	$106.93	1,285,234	$862,500,000
Total	1,285,234		1,285,234

Large accelerated filer x

Accelerated filer o

Non-accelerated filer o

Smaller reporting company o

Emerging growth company o

~~(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)~~