UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: March 31, ~~2022~~2023


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 1-13429

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						94-3196943
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation						(I.R.S. Employer
or organization)						Identification No.)

5956 W. Las Positas Blvd., Pleasanton, CA 94588

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(925) 560-9000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	SSD	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ý

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of May ~~3, 2022: 43,159,934~~4, 2023: 42,670,186

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I - Financial Information


Item 1 - Financial Statements
		Page No.
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) as of March 31, 2023, 2022 ~~2021~~ and December 31, ~~2021~~2022	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income (unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (unaudited) for Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		2125
Item 3 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk		2933
Item 4 - Controls and Procedures		3033
Part II - Other Information
Item 1 - Legal Proceedings		3134
Item 1A - Risk Factors		3134
Item 2 - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		3134
Item 3 - Defaults Upon Senior Securities		3135
Item 4 - Mine Safety Disclosures		3235
Item 5 - Other Information		3235
Item 6 - Exhibits		3236

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, unaudited)


		March 31,				December 31,			March 31,				December 31,
		2022		2021		2021			2023		2022		2022
ASSETS	ASSETS							ASSETS
Current assets	Current assets							Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	984,372	$	257,428	$	301,155	Cash and cash equivalents	$	252,541	$	984,372	$	300,742
Trade accounts receivable, net	Trade accounts receivable, net	320,428		227,201		231,021		Trade accounts receivable, net	339,674		320,428		269,124
Inventories	Inventories	443,448		296,640		443,756		Inventories	576,433		443,448		556,801

Other current assets	Other current assets	39,632		37,732		22,903		Other current assets	53,893		39,632		52,583
Total current assets	Total current assets	1,787,880		819,001		998,835		Total current assets	1,222,541		1,787,880		1,179,250

Property, plant and equipment, net	Property, plant and equipment, net	265,675		255,684		259,869		Property, plant and equipment, net	369,089		265,675		361,555
Operating lease right-of-use assets	Operating lease right-of-use assets	44,651		44,236		45,438		Operating lease right-of-use assets	55,902		44,651		57,652
Goodwill	Goodwill	133,651		133,477		134,022		Goodwill	500,749		133,651		495,672

Intangible assets, net	Intangible assets, net	25,021		25,059		26,269		Intangible assets, net	366,122		25,021		362,917
Other noncurrent assets	Other noncurrent assets	23,472		17,270		19,692		Other noncurrent assets	41,231		23,472		46,925
Total assets	Total assets	$	2,280,350	$	1,294,727	$	1,484,125	Total assets	$	2,555,634	$	2,280,350	$	2,503,971
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY							LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities	Current liabilities							Current liabilities
Trade accounts payable	Trade accounts payable	$	76,390	$	66,236	$	57,215	Trade accounts payable	$	95,302	$	76,390	$	97,841
Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities	Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities	207,959		158,578		187,387		Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities	212,864		207,959		228,222
Long-term debt, current portion	Long-term debt, current portion	22,500		—		—		Long-term debt, current portion	22,500		22,500		22,500

Total current liabilities	Total current liabilities	306,849		224,814		244,602		Total current liabilities	330,666		306,849		348,563
Operating lease liabilities	Operating lease liabilities	36,336		35,810		37,091		Operating lease liabilities	45,368		36,336		46,882
Long term debt, net		670,733		—		—
Long-term debt, net of issuance costs								Long-term debt, net of issuance costs	549,594		670,733		554,539
Deferred income tax and other long-term liabilities	Deferred income tax and other long-term liabilities	34,621		19,594		18,434		Deferred income tax and other long-term liabilities	142,597		34,621		140,608
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	1,048,539		280,218		300,127		Total liabilities	1,068,225		1,048,539		1,090,592
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 13)	Commitments and contingencies (see Note 13)	0		0		0		Commitments and contingencies (see Note 13)
Stockholders’ equity	Stockholders’ equity							Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, at par value	Common stock, at par value	433		435		432		Common stock, at par value	426		433		425
Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital	289,773		285,896		294,330		Additional paid-in capital	295,976		289,773		298,983
Retained earnings	Retained earnings	990,611		760,862		906,841		Retained earnings	1,194,993		990,611		1,118,030
Treasury stock	Treasury stock	(21,281)		(13,510)		—		Treasury stock	—		(21,281)		—
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(27,725)		(19,174)		(17,605)		Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,986)		(27,725)		(4,059)
Total stockholders’ equity	Total stockholders’ equity	1,231,811		1,014,509		1,183,998		Total stockholders’ equity	1,487,409		1,231,811		1,413,379
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,280,350	$	1,294,727	$	1,484,125	Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,555,634	$	2,280,350	$	2,503,971

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income

(In thousands except per-share amounts, unaudited)


		Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended
		March 31,				March 31,
		2022		2021				2023		2022
Net sales	Net sales	$	493,570	$	347,642		Net sales	$	534,430	$	493,570
Cost of sales	Cost of sales	256,789		185,360			Cost of sales	281,554		256,789
Gross profit	Gross profit	236,781		162,282			Gross profit	252,876		236,781
Operating expenses:	Operating expenses:						Operating expenses:
Research and development and other engineering	Research and development and other engineering	15,866		14,591			Research and development and other engineering	20,747		15,866
Selling	Selling	36,836		30,823			Selling	48,667		36,836
General and administrative	General and administrative	53,774		48,565			General and administrative	63,707		53,774
Total operating expenses	Total operating expenses	106,476		93,979			Total operating expenses	133,121		106,476
Acquisition related costs		6,951		—
Acquisition and integration related costs							Acquisition and integration related costs	1,442		6,951
Net gain on disposal of assets	Net gain on disposal of assets	(1,083)		(80)			Net gain on disposal of assets	(50)		(1,083)
Income from operations	Income from operations	124,437		68,383			Income from operations	118,363		124,437
Interest expense, net and other		(428)		(1,778)
Interest expense, net and other finance costs							Interest expense, net and other finance costs	(570)		(212)
Other & foreign exchange loss, net							Other & foreign exchange loss, net	(398)		(216)
Income before taxes	Income before taxes	124,009		66,605			Income before taxes	117,395		124,009
Provision for income taxes	Provision for income taxes	29,433		16,218			Provision for income taxes	29,441		29,433
Net income	Net income	$	94,576	$	50,387		Net income	$	87,954	$	94,576
Other comprehensive income	Other comprehensive income						Other comprehensive income
Translation adjustment	Translation adjustment	(3)		(9,264)			Translation adjustment	4,560		(3)
Unamortized pension adjustments	Unamortized pension adjustments	(172)		492			Unamortized pension adjustments	218		(172)
Cash flow hedge adjustment, net of tax	Cash flow hedge adjustment, net of tax	(9,946)		26			Cash flow hedge adjustment, net of tax	(4,705)		(9,946)

Comprehensive net income	Comprehensive net income	$	84,455	$	41,641		Comprehensive net income	$	88,027	$	84,455

Net income per common share:	Net income per common share:						Net income per common share:
Basic	Basic	$	2.19	$	1.16		Basic	$	2.06	$	2.19
Diluted	Diluted	$	2.18	$	1.16		Diluted	$	2.05	$	2.18

Number of shares outstanding
Weighted average number of shares outstanding							Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Basic	Basic	43,179		43,379			Basic	42,610		43,179
Diluted	Diluted	43,376		43,612			Diluted	42,827		43,376

Cash dividends declared per common share	Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.25	$	0.23		Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.26	$	0.25

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands except per-share data, unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022


		Common Stock			Additional Paid-in		Retained		Accumulated Other Comprehensive		Treasury					Common Stock			Additional Paid-in		Retained		Accumulated Other Comprehensive		Treasury
		Shares	Par Value		Capital		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Stock		Total			Shares	Par Value		Capital		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Stock		Total
Balance at December 31, 2021		43,217	$	432	$	294,330	$	906,841	$	(17,605)	$	—	$	1,183,998
Balance at December 31, 2022															Balance at December 31, 2022	42,560	$	425	$	298,983	$	1,118,030	$	(4,059)	$	—	$	1,413,379
Net income	Net income	—	—		—		94,576		—		—		94,576		Net income	—	—		—		87,954		—		—		87,954
Translation adjustment, net of tax	Translation adjustment, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(3)		—		(3)		Translation adjustment, net of tax	—	—		—		—		4,560		—		4,560
Pension adjustment and other, net of tax	Pension adjustment and other, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(171)		—		(171)		Pension adjustment and other, net of tax	—	—		—		—		218		—		218
Cash flow Hedges, net of tax		—	—		—		—		(9,946)		—		(9,946)
Cash flow hedges, net of tax															Cash flow hedges, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(4,705)		—		(4,705)
Stock-based compensation															Stock-based compensation	—	—		4,390		—		—		—		4,390
Shares issued from release of Restricted Stock Units															Shares issued from release of Restricted Stock Units	103	1		(7,397)		—		—		—		(7,396)

Cash dividends declared on common stock, $0.26 per share															Cash dividends declared on common stock, $0.26 per share	—	—		—		(10,991)		—		—		(10,991)

Balance at March 31, 2023															Balance at March 31, 2023	42,663	$	426	$	295,976	$	1,194,993	$	(3,986)	$	—	$	1,487,409

Balance at December 31, 2021															Balance at December 31, 2021	43,217	$	432	$	294,330	$	906,841	$	(17,605)	$	—	$	1,183,998
Net income															Net income	—	—		—		94,576		—		—		94,576
Translation adjustment and other, net of tax															Translation adjustment and other, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(3)		—		(3)
Derivative instrument adjustments, net of tax															Derivative instrument adjustments, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(9,946)		—		(9,946)
Pension adjustment and other, net of tax															Pension adjustment and other, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(171)		—		(171)

Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation	—	—		4,007		—		—		—		4,007		Stock-based compensation	—	—		4,007		—		—		—		4,007
Shares issued from release of Restricted Stock Units	Shares issued from release of Restricted Stock Units	130	1		(9,524)		—		—		—		(9,523)		Shares issued from release of Restricted Stock Units	130	1		(9,524)		—		—		—		(9,523)
Repurchase of common stock	Repurchase of common stock	(195)	—		—		—		—		(21,281)		(21,281)		Repurchase of common stock	(195)	—		—		—		—		(21,281)		(21,281)

Cash dividends declared on common stock, $0.25 per share	Cash dividends declared on common stock, $0.25 per share	—	—		—		(10,806)		—		—		(10,806)		Cash dividends declared on common stock, $0.25 per share	—	—		—		(10,806)		—		—		(10,806)
Common stock issued at $139.07 per share for stock bonus	Common stock issued at $139.07 per share for stock bonus	7	—		960		—		—		—		960		Common stock issued at $139.07 per share for stock bonus	7	—		960		—		—		—		960
Balance at March 31, 2022	Balance at March 31, 2022	43,159	$	433	$	289,773	$	990,611	$	(27,725)	$	(21,281)	$	1,231,811	Balance at March 31, 2022	43,159	$	433	$	289,773	$	990,611	$	(27,725)	$	(21,281)	$	1,231,811

Balance at December 31, 2020		43,326	$	433	$	284,007	$	720,441	$	(10,428)	$	(13,510)	$	980,943
Net income		—	—		—		50,387		—		—		50,387
Translation adjustment and other, net of tax		—	—		—		—		(9,264)		—		(9,264)
Pension adjustment and other, net of tax		—	—		—		—		492		—		492
Cash flow Hedges, net of tax									26				26
Stock-based compensation		—	—		6,462		—		—		—		6,462
Shares issued from release of Restricted Stock Units		97	1		(5,264)		—		—		—		(5,263)

Cash dividends declared on common stock, $0.23 per share		—	—		—		(9,966)		—		—		(9,966)
Common stock issued at $93.45 per share for stock bonus		7	1		691		—		—		—		692
Balance, at March 31, 2021		43,430	$	435	$	285,896	$	760,862	$	(19,174)	$	(13,510)	$	1,014,509

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands, unaudited)


		Three Months Ended					Three Months Ended
		March 31,					March 31,
		2022		2021			2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities	Cash flows from operating activities					Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	Net income	$	94,576	$	50,387	Net income	$	87,954	$	94,576
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:					Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Loss/(gain) on sale of assets and other		(1,267)		333
Gain on sale of assets and other						Gain on sale of assets and other	(50)		(1,083)
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	10,795		11,225		Depreciation and amortization	17,746		10,795
Noncash lease expense	Noncash lease expense	2,477		2,393		Noncash lease expense	2,946		2,477

(Gain) Loss in equity method investment, before tax						(Gain) Loss in equity method investment, before tax	136		(184)
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	(1,810)		314		Deferred income taxes	—		(1,810)
Noncash compensation related to stock plans	Noncash compensation related to stock plans	4,872		6,542		Noncash compensation related to stock plans	4,629		4,872
Provision of doubtful accounts		(211)		(215)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Provision for doubtful accounts						Provision for doubtful accounts	635		(211)
Deferred hedge gain						Deferred hedge gain	(896)		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities						Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Trade accounts receivable	Trade accounts receivable	(89,799)		(62,660)		Trade accounts receivable	(69,990)		(89,799)
Inventories	Inventories	(381)		(14,750)		Inventories	(16,931)		(381)
Trade accounts payable	Trade accounts payable	17,929		17,301		Trade accounts payable	(3,418)		17,929
Other current assets	Other current assets	(16,479)		(14,109)		Other current assets	(3,137)		(16,479)
Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities	Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities	21,707		22,126		Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities	(13,238)		21,707
Other noncurrent assets and liabilities	Other noncurrent assets and liabilities	2,270		(1,054)		Other noncurrent assets and liabilities	(3,428)		2,270
Net cash provided by operating activities	Net cash provided by operating activities	44,679		17,833		Net cash provided by operating activities	2,958		44,679
Cash flows from investing activities	Cash flows from investing activities					Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures	Capital expenditures	(17,823)		(10,505)		Capital expenditures	(18,758)		(17,823)
Asset acquisitions		(488)		—

Asset acquisitions, net of cash acquired						Asset acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(8,329)		(488)
Equity method investments	Equity method investments	(600)		(5,329)		Equity method investments	—		(600)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	1,830		105		Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	44		1,830

Net cash used in investing activities	Net cash used in investing activities	(17,081)		(15,729)		Net cash used in investing activities	(27,043)		(17,081)
Cash flows from financing activities	Cash flows from financing activities					Cash flows from financing activities

Repurchase of common stock	Repurchase of common stock	(21,281)		—		Repurchase of common stock	—		(21,281)
Proceeds from lines of credit and term loan borrowing		700,038		—
Repayments of lines of credit and capital leases		(1,024)		(192)
Proceeds from borrowing under lines of credit and term loan						Proceeds from borrowing under lines of credit and term loan	271		700,038
Repayments of lines of credit and term loan						Repayments of lines of credit and term loan	(5,625)		(1,024)
Debt issuance costs	Debt issuance costs	(6,804)		—		Debt issuance costs	—		(6,804)
Dividends paid	Dividends paid	(10,806)		(9,967)		Dividends paid	(11,065)		(10,806)
Cash paid on behalf of employees for shares withheld	Cash paid on behalf of employees for shares withheld	(9,523)		(5,263)		Cash paid on behalf of employees for shares withheld	(7,398)		(9,523)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	650,600		(15,422)		Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(23,817)		650,600
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	5,019		(3,893)		Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(299)		5,019
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	683,217		(17,211)		Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(48,201)		683,217
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	301,155		274,639		Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	300,742		301,155
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	984,372	$	257,428	Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	252,541	$	984,372
Noncash activity during the period	Noncash activity during the period					Noncash activity during the period
Noncash capital expenditures	Noncash capital expenditures	$	761	$	1,526	Noncash capital expenditures	$	2,657	$	761
Dividends declared but not paid	Dividends declared but not paid	10,847		9,967		Dividends declared but not paid	10,991		10,847
Issuance of Company’s common stock for compensation	Issuance of Company’s common stock for compensation	$	960	$	692	Issuance of Company’s common stock for compensation	—		960

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying ~~condensed consolidated financial statements~~Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”). Investments in 50% or less owned entities are accounted for using either cost or the equity method. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the ~~condensed financial statements~~Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the ~~condensed consolidated financial statements~~Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management believes that these ~~condensed consolidated financial statements~~Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation under GAAP. The Company assessed certain accounting matters that require the use of estimates and assumptions in context with the known and projected future impacts of COVID-19. The Company's actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Interim Reporting Period

The accompanying unaudited quarterly ~~condensed consolidated financial statements~~Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP pursuant to the rules and regulations for reporting interim financial information and instructions on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and footnotes required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These interim statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022 (the ~~“2021~~“2022 Form 10-K”).

The unaudited quarterly ~~condensed consolidated financial statements~~Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited ~~annual~~ consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to state fairly the financial information set forth therein in accordance with GAAP. Certain prior period amounts in the ~~condensed consolidated financial statements~~Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation. The year-end ~~condensed consolidated balance sheet~~Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet data provided herein were derived from audited consolidated financial statements included in the ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K, but do not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The Company’s quarterly results fluctuate. As a result, the Company believes the results of operations for this interim period presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future periods.

Revenue Recognition

Generally, the Company's revenue contract with a customer exists when (1) the goods are shipped, services are rendered, and the related invoice is generated, (2) the duration of the contract does not extend beyond the promised goods or services already transferred and (3) the transaction price of each distinct promised product or service specified in the invoice is based on its relative stated standalone selling price. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control ~~over~~of a product to a customer at a point in time. Our shipping terms provide the primary indicator of the transfer of control. The Company's general shipping terms are Incoterm C.P.T. (F.O.B. shipping point), where the title, and risk and rewards of ownership transfer at the point when the products are no longer on the Company's premises. Other Incoterms are allowed as exceptions depending on the product or service being sold and the nature of the sale. The Company recognizes revenue based on the consideration specified in the invoice with a customer, excluding any sales incentives, discounts, and amounts collected on behalf of third parties (i.e., governmental tax authorities). Based on historical experience with the customer, the customer's purchasing pattern, and its significant experience selling products, the Company concluded that a significant reversal in the cumulative amount of revenue recognized would not occur when the uncertainty (if any) is resolved (that is, when the total amount of purchases is known). Refer to Note 2 for additional information.

Net Income Per Common Share

The Company calculates net income per common share based on the weighted-average number of shares of the Company's common ~~stocks~~stock outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive securities are included in the diluted per-share calculations using the treasury stock method for all periods when the effect of their inclusion is dilutive.

Accounting for Leases

The Company has operating and finance leases for certain facilities, equipment, autos and data centers. As an accounting policy for short-term leases, the Company elected to not recognize a right-of-use ("ROU") asset ~~("ROU asset")~~ and liability if, at the commencement date, the lease (1) has a term of 12 months or less and (2) does not include renewal and purchase options that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. Monthly payments on short-term leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the full lease term.

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense related to the estimated fair value of restricted stock awards on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally the vesting term of three or four years. Stock-based expense related to performance share grants are measured based on grant date fair value and expensed on a graded basis over the service period of the awards, which is generally a performance period of three years. The performance conditions are based on the Company's achievement of revenue growth and return on invested capital over the performance period, and are evaluated for the probability of vesting at the end of each reporting period with changes in expected results recognized as an adjustment to expense. The assumptions used to calculate the fair value of restricted stock grants are evaluated and revised, as necessary, to reflect market conditions and the Company’s experience.

~~0Fair~~Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are measured and classified under a three-tier fair valuation hierarchy based on the observability of the inputs available in the market: Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument; and Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The carrying amounts of trade accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other current liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair ~~value~~values of the Company’s contingent consideration related to acquisitions and equity investment are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy as it is based on unobserved inputs such as management estimates and entity-specific assumptions and is evaluated on an ongoing basis.~~The fair value of the~~Company's interest rate and foreign currency contracts are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. The fair values of the Company’s contingent consideration related to acquisitions and equity investments are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy, as these amounts are based on unobserved inputs such as management estimates and entity-specific assumptions and are evaluated on an ongoing basis.

The following tables summarize financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of March 31, 2023 and 2022:


	2023						2022
(in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2
Cash equivalents (1)	$	120.5	$	—	$	—	$	32.6	—
Term loan due 2027 (2)	—		427.5		—		—		450.0
Revolver due 2027 (2)	—		150.0		—		—		250.0
Derivative instruments - assets (3)	—		35.6		—		—		9.7
Derivative instruments - liabilities (3)	—		(11.5)		—		—		(25.8)
Contingent considerations	—		—		6.5		—		—

1) The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, representing government and other money market funds traded in an active market with relatively short maturities, are reported on the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023 and 2022 as a component of "Cash and cash equivalents".

(2) The carrying amounts of the term loan and revolver approximate fair value as of March 31, 2023 based upon the terms and conditions as disclosed in Note 12 in comparison to debt instruments with similar terms and conditions available on the same date.

(3) Derivatives for interest rate, foreign exchange and forward swap contracts are discussed in Note 8.

Derivative Instruments ~~- Foreign Currency and Interest Rate Contracts~~

The Company uses derivative instruments as a risk management tool to mitigate the potential impact of certain market risks. Foreign currency and interest rate risk are the primary market risks the Company manages through the use of derivative instruments, which are accounted for as cash flow hedges or net investment hedges under the accounting standards and carried at fair value as other current or noncurrent assets or as other current or other long-term liabilities. Assets and liabilities inwith the ~~condensed consolidated balance sheets.~~legal right of offset are not offset. Net deferred gains and losses related to changes in fair value of cash flow hedges are included in accumulated other comprehensive income/loss ("OCI"), a component of ~~shareholders'~~stockholders' equity, ~~in the condensed consolidated balance sheets,~~ and are reclassified into the line item in the ~~condensed consolidated statement of earnings and comprehensive income~~Condensed Consolidated Statement Of Earnings And Comprehensive Income in which the hedged items are recorded in the same period the hedged item affects earnings. The effective portion of gains and losses attributable to net investment hedges is recorded net of tax to OCI to offset the change in the carrying value of the net investment being hedged. Recognition in earnings of amounts previously recorded to OCI are limited to circumstances such as complete or substantially complete liquidation of the net investment in the hedged foreign operation. Changes in fair value of any derivatives that are determined to be ineffective are immediately reclassified from OCI into earnings.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company classifies investments that are highly liquid and have maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase as cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ the ~~value~~values of these investments were ~~$32.6~~$120.5 million and ~~$28.2~~$32.6 million, respectively, consisting of United States Treasury securities and money market funds. The value of the investments is based on cost, which approximates fair value based on Level 1 inputs.

Current Estimated Credit Loss - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable for estimated future expected credit losses resulting from customers' failure to make payments on its accounts receivable. The Company determines the estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable by considering several factors, including (1) specific information on the financial condition and the current creditworthiness of customers, (2) credit rating, (3) payment history and historical experience, (4) aging of the accounts receivable, and (5) reasonable and supportable forecasts about collectability. The Company also reserves 100% of the amounts deemed uncollectible due to a customer's deteriorating financial condition or bankruptcy.

Every quarter, the Company evaluates the customer group using the accounts receivable aging report and its best judgment when considering changes in customers' credit ratings, level of delinquency, customers' historical payments and loss experience, current market and economic conditions, and expectations of future market and economic conditions.

The changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 are outlined in the table below:

Balance at Balance at
(in thousands) December 31, 2021 Expense (Deductions), net
Write-Offs1
March 31, 2022
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $ 1,933 (211) 103 $ 1,619


	Balance at				Balance at
(in thousands)	December 31, 2022		Expense (Deductions), net	Write-Offs1	March 31, 2023

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	$	3,240	635	(85)	$	3,960

1Amount is net of recoveries and the effect of foreign currency ~~fluctuations for thethreemonths ended March 31, 2022.~~fluctuations.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are calculated using an asset and liability approach. The provision for income taxes includes federal, state and foreign taxes currently payable and deferred taxes, due to temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities. In addition, future tax benefits are recognized to the extent that realization of such benefits is more likely than not. This method gives consideration to the future tax consequences of the deferred income tax items and immediately recognizes changes in income tax laws in the year of enactment.

The Company uses an estimated annual tax rate to measure the tax benefit or tax expense recognized in each interim period.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

~~In March 2020,~~We believe that all recently issued accounting pronouncements from the Financial Accounting Standards Board ~~issued Accounting Standards Update~~ ("~~ASU"~~FASB") ~~2020-04,~~ ~~Reference Rate Reform~~ ~~(Topic 848). ASU 2020-04 provides optional guidance~~do not apply to ~~ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform on financial reporting in response~~us or will not have a material impact to the risk of cessation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) on December 31, 2021. The Company's primary credit facility, which was amended and restated on March 30, 2022, is composed of $450.0 million revolving line of credit and a $450.0 million term loan (the "Amended and Restated Credit Facility"), which matures on March 30, 2027. Borrowings under the Amended and Restated Credit Facility bear interest using Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus an applicable margin.Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~All other newly issued and effective accounting standards during the first quarter of 2022 were determined to be not relevant or material to the Company.~~

2. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Disaggregated Revenue

The Company disaggregates net sales into the following major product groups as described in its segment information included in these interim financial statements under Note 14.

Wood Construction Products Revenue. Wood construction products represented ~~88%~~approximately 85% and ~~87%~~88% of total net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021.~~respectively.

Concrete Construction Products Revenue. Concrete construction products represented ~~12%~~approximately 14% and ~~13%~~12% of total net sales for ~~both~~ the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 ~~and 2021.~~respectively.

Customer Acceptance Criteria. Generally, there are no customer acceptance criteria included in the Company's standard sales agreement with customers. When an arrangement with the customer does not meet the criteria to be accounted for as a revenue contract under the standard, the Company recognizes revenue in the amount of nonrefundable consideration received when the Company has transferred control of the goods or services and has stopped transferring (and has no obligation to transfer) additional goods or services. The Company offers certain customers discounts for paying invoices ahead of the due date, which are generally 30 to 60 days after the issue date.

Other Revenue. Service sales, representing after-market repair and maintenance, engineering activities and software license sales and services were less than ~~0.1%~~1% of net sales and recognized as the services are completed or by transferring control over a product to a customer at a point in time. Services may be sold separately or in bundled packages. The typical contract length for a service is generally less than one year. For bundled packages, the Company accounts for individual services separately when they are distinct within the context of the contract. A distinct service is separately identifiable from other items in the bundled package if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer. The consideration (including any discounts) is allocated between separate services in a bundle based on their stand-alone selling prices. The stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the prices at which the Company separately sells the services.

Reconciliation of ~~Contract Balances~~contract balances

Contract assets are the rights to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the Company has transferred to a customer when that right is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Contract liabilities are recorded for any services billed to customers and not yet recognizable if the contract period has commenced or for the amount collected from customers in advance of the contract period commencing. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company had no contract assets or contract liabilities from contracts with customers.

3. Acquisition

On April 1, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition (the "Acquisition") of 100% of the outstanding equity interest of FIXCO Invest S.A.S. (together with its subsidiaries, "ETANCO") for total purchase consideration of $805.4 million, net of cash acquired. The Acquisition was completed pursuant to the securities purchase agreement dated January 26, 2022, as amended, by and among the Company, Fastco Investment, Fastco Financing, LRLUX and certain other security holders. The purchase price for the Acquisition was paid using cash on hand and borrowings in the amount of $250.0 million under the revolving credit facility and $450.0 million under the term loan facility.

ETANCO is a manufacturer and distributor of fastener and fixing products headquartered in France and its primary product applications directly align with the addressable markets in which the Company operates. The Acquisition allows the Company to enter into new commercial building markets such as façades, waterproofing, safety and solar, as well as grow its share of direct business sales in Europe.

ETANCO’s results of operations were included in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements from April 1, 2022 the acquisition date, and as such, only includes ETANCO's results of operations for the three months ending March 31, 2023. ETANCO had net sales of $80.0 million and a net income of $5.3 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, which includes costs related to the amortization of acquired intangible assets, and expenses incurred for integration.

Purchase price allocation

The Acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 805, Business Combinations ("ASC 805") which requires, among other things, that assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination be recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date with limited exceptions.

The allocation of the $824.4 million purchase price, including cash, to the estimated fair values of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed is as follows:


(in thousands)	Amount
Cash and cash equivalents	$	19,010
Trade accounts receivable, net	63,607
Inventory	107,185
Other current assets	4,491
Property and equipment, net	89,695
Operating lease right-of-use assets	5,361
Goodwill	365,591
Intangible assets, net	357,327
Other noncurrent assets	2,881
Total assets	1,015,148
Trade accounts payable	46,457
Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities	22,079
Operating lease liabilities	5,176
Deferred income tax and other long-term liabilities	117,031
Total purchase price	$	824,405

Trade accounts receivable, net

The gross amount of trade receivables acquired was approximately $67.4 million, of which $63.6 million was estimated to be recoverable based on ETANCO's historical trend for collections.

Inventory

Acquired inventory primarily consists of raw materials and finished goods consisting of building and construction materials products. The Company adjusted acquired finished goods higher by $14.3 million to estimated fair value based on expected selling prices less a reasonable amount for selling efforts. The fair value adjustment was fully recognized as a component of cost of sales over the inventory’s estimated turnover period during the nine months ended December 31, 2022.

Property and equipment, net

Acquired property and equipment includes land of $16.1 million, buildings and site improvements of $32.5 million, and machinery, equipment, and software of $41.1 million. The estimated fair value of property and equipment was determined primarily using market and/or or cost approach methodologies. The acquired fair value for buildings and site improvements depreciate on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets for a period of up to sixteen years, machinery, equipment and software will depreciate on an accelerated basis over an estimated useful life of three to ten years. Depreciation expense associated with the acquired property and equipment amounted to $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Goodwill

The excess of purchase price over the net assets acquired was recognized as goodwill and relates to the value that is expected from the acquired assembled workforce as well as the increased scale and synergies resulting from the integration of both businesses. The goodwill recognized from the Acquisition is not deductible for local income tax purposes. Goodwill has been allocated to components within the ETANCO reporting unit.

Intangible assets, net

The estimated fair value of intangible assets acquired was determined primarily using income approach methodologies. The values allocated to intangible assets and the useful lives were as follows:


(in thousands, except useful lives)	Weighted-average useful life (in years)	Amount
Customer relationships	15	$	248,398
Trade names	Indefinite	93,811
Developed technology	10	11,256
Patents	8	3,862
		$	357,327

The acquired definite-lived intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives, which approximates the pattern in which these assets are utilized. The Company recognized $4.4 million of amortization expense on these assets during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Deferred taxes

As a result of the increase in fair value of inventory, property and equipment, and intangible assets, deferred tax liabilities of $105.9 million were recognized, primarily due to intangible assets.

Acquisition and integration related costs

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company incurred integration related expenses of $1.4 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company incurred acquisition related costs of $7.0 million for investment banking, legal, accounting, advisory, and consulting fees. Acquisition and integration related costs have been included in the Company’s income from operations.

Unaudited pro forma results

The following unaudited pro forma combined financial information presents estimated results as if the Company acquired ETANCO on January 1, 2021. The unaudited pro forma financial information as presented below is for informational purposes only and does not purport to actually represent what the Company’s combined results of operations would have been had the Acquisition occurred on January 1, 2021, or what those results will be for any future periods.

The following unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information has been prepared using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with U.S. GAAP:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2023		2022

Net sales	$	534,430	$	572,754
Net income	$	89,032	$	105,447

Pro forma earnings per common share:
Basic	$	2.09	$	2.44
Diluted	$	2.08	$	2.43

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	42,610		43,179
Diluted	42,827		43,376

The unaudited pro forma results above includes the following adjustments to net income:

1) Integration related costs of $1.4 million and acquisition related costs $7.0 million, which were incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively, were adjusted as if such costs were incurred during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021.

2) Net income for ETANCO includes adjustments of $0.4 million to conform ETANCO’s historical financial results prepared under French GAAP to U.S. GAAP for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The U.S. GAAP adjustments are primarily related to share-based payments expense on awards that were settled prior to the Acquisition, and costs incurred and capitalized by ETANCO on its historical acquisitions.

4. Net Income ~~Per~~per Share

The following shows a reconciliation of basic net earnings per share ("EPS") ~~per share~~ to diluted EPS:


		Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2022		2021			(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2023		2022
Net income available to common stockholders	Net income available to common stockholders	$	94,576	$	50,387		Net income available to common stockholders	$	87,954	$	94,576
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding	Basic weighted-average shares outstanding	43,179		43,379			Basic weighted-average shares outstanding	42,610		43,179
Dilutive effect of potential common stock equivalents — restricted stock units	Dilutive effect of potential common stock equivalents — restricted stock units	197		233			Dilutive effect of potential common stock equivalents — restricted stock units	217		197
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding	Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding	43,376		43,612			Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding	42,827		43,376
Net income per common share:
Net earnings per common share:							Net earnings per common share:
Basic	Basic	$	2.19	$	1.16		Basic	$	2.06	$	2.19
Diluted	Diluted	$	2.18	$	1.16		Diluted	$	2.05	$	2.18

~~4. Stockholders' Equity~~

~~Treasury Shares~~

~~As of March 31, 2022, the Company held 194,745 shares of its common stock as treasury shares.~~

1115

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 194,745 shares of the Company's common stock in the open market at an average of $109.28 per share, for a total of $21.3 million. As of March 31, 2022, approximately $78.7 million remains available for repurchase under the previously announced $100.0 million share repurchase authorization (which expires at the end of 2022).

5. Stock-Based Compensation

The Company allocates stock-based compensation expense amongst cost of sales, research and development and other engineering expense, selling expense, or general and administrative expense based on the job functions performed by the employees to whom the stock-based compensation is awarded. Stock-based compensation capitalized in inventory was immaterial for all periods presented. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to its equity plans for employees of ~~$4.9~~$4.6 million and ~~$6.5~~$4.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company granted ~~112,101 RSUs~~261,760 restricted stock units (RSUs) and ~~PSUs~~performance stock units (PSUs) to the Company's employees, including officers at an estimated weighted average fair value of ~~$120.51~~$98.49 per share based on the closing price (adjusted for the present value of dividends) of the Company's common stock on the grant date. The RSUs and PSUs granted to the Company's employees may be time-based ~~performance-based~~ or ~~time-~~time and performance-based. Certain of the PSUs are granted to officers and key employees, where the number of performance-based awards to be issued is based on the achievement of certain Company performance criteria established in the award agreement over a cumulative three year ~~period. These~~period, after which time these awards cliff ~~vest after three years.~~vest. In addition, these same officers and key employees also receive time-based RSUs, which vest pursuant to a three-year graded vesting schedule. Time-based RSUs that are granted to the Company's employees excluding officers and certain key employees, vest ratably over the four year vesting-term of the award.

As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company's aggregate unamortized stock compensation expense was approximately ~~$31.0~~$32.2 million which is expected to be recognized in expense over a weighted-average period of ~~2.6~~2.7 years.

6. Trade Accounts Receivable, ~~Net~~net

Trade accounts receivable consisted of the following:


		At March 31,				At December 31,			As of March 31,				As of December 31,
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021		2021		(in thousands)	2023		2022		2022
Trade accounts receivable	Trade accounts receivable	$	327,054	$	232,646	$	237,312	Trade accounts receivable	$	348,201	$	327,054	$	276,229
Allowance for doubtful accounts	Allowance for doubtful accounts	(1,618)		(1,776)		(1,932)		Allowance for doubtful accounts	(3,961)		(1,618)		(3,240)
Allowance for sales discounts and returns	Allowance for sales discounts and returns	(5,008)		(3,669)		(4,359)		Allowance for sales discounts and returns	(4,566)		(5,008)		(3,865)
		$	320,428	$	227,201	$	231,021		$	339,674	$	320,428	$	269,124

7. Inventories

The components of inventories are as follows:


		At March 31,				At December 31,			As of March 31,				As of December 31,
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021		2021		(in thousands)	2023		2022		2022
Raw materials	Raw materials	$	180,431	$	94,340	$	191,174	Raw materials	$	200,190	$	180,431	$	187,149
In-process products	In-process products	36,029		22,678		30,309		In-process products	56,937		36,029		55,171
Finished products	Finished products	226,988		179,622		222,273		Finished products	319,306		226,988		314,481
		$	443,448	$	296,640	$	443,756		$	576,433	$	443,448	$	556,801

8. Derivative Instruments

The Company enters into derivative instrument agreements, including forward foreign currency exchange contracts, interest rate swaps, and cross currency swaps to manage risk in connection with changes in foreign currency and interest rates. The Company hedges committed exposures and does not engage in speculative transactions. The Company only enters into derivative instrument agreements with counterparties who have highly rated credit.

The Company uses a forward foreign currency contract to hedge its exposure to adverse foreign currency exchange rate movements for its operations in Europe. This contract matures in March 2029. The Company has elected the spot method for designating this contract as a net investment hedge. The Company has also converted a Euro-denominated ("EUR"), fixed rate obligation into a U.S. Dollar fixed rate obligation using a receive fixed, pay fixed cross currency swap. The cross-currency swap is designated as a cash flow hedge. In addition, the Company has converted domestic U.S. variable rate debt to fixed rate debt using a receive variable, pay fixed interest rate swap. The interest rate swap contract is also designated as a cash flow hedge.

As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the aggregate notional amount of the Company's outstanding interest rate contracts, cross currency swap contracts, ~~and~~EUR forward contract and CNY forward contracts were ~~$700.0~~$577.5 million, ~~$500.0~~$448.2 million, $321.7 million and ~~$328.2~~$9.9 million, respectively. As of March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the aggregate notional amount of the Company's outstanding forward contracts used to hedge variability in cash flows on its Chinese Yuan denominated purchases were ~~$9.1 million.~~CNY68.3 million, all of which expired by December 31, 2022.

Changes in fair value of any forward contracts that are determined to be ineffective are immediately reclassified from OCI into earnings. There were no amounts recognized due to ineffectiveness during the ~~three months~~three-months ended March 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

The effects of fair value and cash flow hedge accounting on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income for the ~~period~~periods ended March 31, ~~2022 was~~were as follows:


												2023			2022
(in thousands)	(in thousands)				Cost of Goods Sold		Interest expense, net and other		(in thousands)				Interest expense, net		Other & foreign exchange loss, net		Cost of sales	Interest expense, net	Other & foreign exchange loss, net
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded	Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded				$	256,789	$	(428)	Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded				$	(570)	$	(398)	256,789	(212)	(216)
The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging	The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging								The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging
		Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships								Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships
			Interest contracts:								Interest contracts:
				Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from OCI to earnings	—		(29)					Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from OCI to earnings	3,196		—		—	(29)	—
			Cross currency swap contract								Cross currency swap contract
				Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from OCI to earnings	—		(2,946)					Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from OCI to earnings	1,339		(1,816)		—	21	(2,967)
			Forward contract								Forward contract
				Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from OCI to earnings	163		—					Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from OCI to earnings	—		—		163	—	—

~~Fair value and cash flow hedge accounting had 0 effect on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income for the period ended March 31, 2021.~~

The effects of derivative instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income for the ~~period~~three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as ~~follow:~~follows:


Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI				Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into Earnings	Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into Earnings				Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI				Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into Earnings	Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into Earnings
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021			2022		2021		(in thousands)	2023		2022			2023		2022
Interest rate contracts	Interest rate contracts	$	(1,805)	$	—	Interest expense	$	(29)	$	—	Interest rate contracts	$	(4,043)	$	(1,805)	Interest expense	$	3,196	$	(29)
Cross currency contracts	Cross currency contracts	(7,548)		—		Interest expense	21		—		Cross currency contracts	(2,279)		(7,548)		Interest expense	1,339		21
						FX gain (loss)	(2,967)		—
Forward contracts	Forward contracts	$	—	$	—	Cost of goods sold	163		—		Forward contracts	$	(35)	$	—	FX gain (loss)	(1,816)		(2,967)
FX gain (loss)											FX gain (loss)	$	—	$	—	Cost of goods sold	—		163
Total	Total	$	(9,353)	$	—		$	(2,812)	$	—	Total	$	(6,357)	$	(9,353)		$	2,719	$	(2,812)

For the three months ending March 31, ~~2022,~~2023 losses on the net investment hedge and March 31, 2022 gains on net investment hedge of $0.2 million and $6.8 million ~~was~~were included in OCI, ~~and no~~respectively. For the three months ending March 31, 2023, excluded gains ~~or losses~~of $1.2 million were reclassified from OCI to ~~earnings.~~interest expense, while none were reported for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

As of March 31, 2023, the aggregate fair values of the Company’s derivative instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet were comprised of an asset of $35.6 million, of which $18.0 million is included in other current assets, and the balance, or $17.7 million as other non-current assets, and a non-current liability of $11.5 million.

9. Property, Plant and Equipment, ~~Net~~net

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:


		At March 31,				At December 31,			As of March 31,				As of December 31,
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021		2021		(in thousands)	2023		2022		2022
Land	Land	$	34,591	$	28,280	$	28,175	Land	$	51,543	$	34,591	$	50,025
Buildings and site improvements	Buildings and site improvements	197,180		201,283		202,393		Buildings and site improvements	233,141		197,180		233,123
Leasehold improvements	Leasehold improvements	6,153		7,023		5,995		Leasehold improvements	6,621		6,153		6,367
Machinery, equipment, and software	Machinery, equipment, and software	407,808		385,195		399,079		Machinery, equipment, and software	481,993		407,808		472,907
		645,732		621,781		635,642			773,298		645,732		762,422
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(406,835)		(382,907)		(402,246)		Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(443,762)		(406,835)		(432,392)
		238,897		238,874		233,396			329,536		238,897		330,030
Capital projects in progress	Capital projects in progress	26,778		16,810		26,473		Capital projects in progress	39,553		26,778		31,525
Total	Total	$	265,675	$	255,684	$	259,869	Total	$	369,089	$	265,675	$	361,555

10. Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net

Goodwill consisted of the following:


		At March 31,				At December 31,			As of March 31,				As of December 31,
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021		2021		(in thousands)	2023		2022		2022
North America	North America	$	96,359	$	96,340	$	96,307	North America	$	103,570	$	96,359	$	103,572
Europe	Europe	35,864		35,684		36,331		Europe	395,903		35,864		390,799
Asia/Pacific	Asia/Pacific	1,428		1,453		1,384		Asia/Pacific	1,276		1,428		1,301
Total	Total	$	133,651	$	133,477	$	134,022	Total	$	500,749	$	133,651	$	495,672

~~Amortizable intangible~~Goodwill totaled $500.7 million as of March 31, 2023, including $360.0 million attributable to the Acquisition.

Intangible assets, net, consisted of the following:


		At March 31, 2022							As of March 31, 2023
		Gross				Net			Gross				Net
		Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying			Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	Amount		Amortization		Amount		(in thousands)	Amount		Amortization		Amount
North America	North America	$	46,642	$	(27,205)	$	19,437	North America	$	53,353	$	(30,744)	$	22,609
Europe	Europe	26,274		(20,690)		5,584		Europe	378,158		(38,824)		339,334
Asia/Pacific								Asia/Pacific	4,179		—		4,179
Total	Total	$	72,916	$	(47,895)	$	25,021	Total	$	435,690	$	(69,568)	$	366,122

At March 31, 2021
Gross Net
(in thousands) Carrying
Amount Accumulated
Amortization Carrying
Amount
North America $ 40,785 $ (23,724) $ 17,061
Europe 26,347 (18,349) 7,998
Total $ 67,132 $ (42,073) $ 25,059


		At December 31, 2021							As of March 31, 2022
		Gross				Net			Gross				Net
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Carrying Amount		(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Carrying Amount
North America	North America	$	46,643	$	(26,346)	$	20,297	North America	$	46,642	$	(27,205)	$	19,437
Europe	Europe	26,371		(20,399)		5,972		Europe	26,274		(20,690)		5,584
Total	Total	$	73,014	$	(46,745)	$	26,269	Total	$	72,916	$	(47,895)	$	25,021

1418


	As of December 31, 2022
	Gross				Net
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Carrying Amount
North America	$	53,498	$	(29,782)	$	23,716
Europe	373,538		(34,337)		339,201
Total	$	427,036	$	(64,119)	$	362,917

Intangible assets consist of definite-lived and indefinite-lived assets. Definite-lived intangible assets include customer relationships, patents, unpatented technology, and non-compete agreements. Amortization ~~expense~~ of definite-lived intangible assets was ~~$1.1~~$5.7 million and ~~$1.7~~$1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The weighted-average amortization period for all amortizable intangibles on a combined basis is ~~8.3~~8.9 years.

~~The only indefinite-lived~~Indefinite-lived intangible ~~asset, consisting~~assets totaled $93.0 million as of ~~a trade name, totaled $0.6 million at~~ March 31, ~~2022.~~2023, including $92.3 million attributable to trade names acquired in the Acquisition.

At March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the estimated future amortization of definite-lived intangible assets was as follows:


(in thousands)	(in thousands)			(in thousands)

Remaining nine months of 2022		$	3,553
2023		3,740
Remaining nine months of 2023				Remaining nine months of 2023	$	15,748
2024	2024	2,809		2024	20,314
2025	2025	2,523		2025	20,087
2026	2026	1,840		2026	19,618
2027	2027	1,690		2027	19,334
2028				2028	19,123
Thereafter	Thereafter	8,250		Thereafter	158,943
		$	24,405		$	273,167

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, were as follows:


				Intangible					Intangible
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	Goodwill		Assets		(in thousands)	Goodwill		Assets
Balance at December 31, 2021		$	134,022	$	26,269

Balance at December 31, 2022						Balance at December 31, 2022	$	495,672	$	362,917
Acquisition						Acquisition	—		4,179
Reclassifications						Reclassifications	—		(21)
Amortization	Amortization	—		(1,149)		Amortization	—		(5,668)
Foreign exchange	Foreign exchange	(371)		(99)		Foreign exchange	5,077		4,715
Balance at March 31, 2022		$	133,651	$	25,021
Balance at March 31, 2023						Balance at March 31, 2023	$	500,749	$	366,122

1519

11. Leases

The Company has operating leases for certain facilities, equipment and automobiles. The existing operating leases expire at various dates through ~~2026,~~2027, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 5five years. The Company measured the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments are discounted using the Company's incremental borrowing rate. The Company measured the right-of-use ("ROU") assets at the amount at which the lease liability is recognized plus initial direct costs incurred or prepayment amounts. The ROU assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The following table provides a summary of leases included on the ~~condensed consolidated balance sheets~~Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2021, condensed consolidated statements of earnings~~2022, Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Earnings and ~~comprehensive income,~~Comprehensive Income, and ~~condensed consolidated statements of cash flows~~Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021, respectively:~~2022:


		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets Line Item	March 31,				December 31,			Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets Line Item	March 31,				December 31,
(in thousands)	(in thousands)		2022		2021				(in thousands)		2023		2022
Operating leases	Operating leases								Operating leases
Assets	Assets								Assets
Operating leases	Operating leases	Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	44,651	$	44,236	$	45,438	Operating leases	Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	55,902	$	44,651	$	57,652
Liabilities	Liabilities								Liabilities
Operating - current	Operating - current	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	8,750		$	8,941	$	8,769	Operating - current	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	11,612	$	8,750	$	11,544
Operating - noncurrent	Operating - noncurrent	Operating lease liabilities	36,336		35,810		37,091		Operating - noncurrent	Operating lease liabilities	45,368		36,336		46,882
Total operating lease liabilities	Total operating lease liabilities		$	45,086	$	44,751	$	45,860	Total operating lease liabilities		$	56,980	$	45,086	$	58,426

Finance leases	Finance leases								Finance leases
Assets	Assets								Assets
Property and equipment, gross	Property and equipment, gross	Property, plant and equipment, net	$	—	$	3,569	$	3,569	Property and equipment, gross	Property, plant and equipment, net	$	—	$	—	$	3,569
Accumulated amortization	Accumulated amortization	Property, plant and equipment, net	—		(3,188)		(3,416)		Accumulated amortization	Property, plant and equipment, net	—		—		(3,569)
Property and equipment, net	Property and equipment, net	Property, plant and equipment, net	$	—	$	381	$	153	Property and equipment, net	Property, plant and equipment, net	$	—	$	—	$	—
Liabilities
Other current liabilities		Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	—	$	193	$	—

Total finance lease liabilities			$	—	$	193	$	—

The components of lease expense were as follows:

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income Line Item Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) 2022 2021
Operating lease cost General administrative expenses and
     cost of sales $ 3,128 $ 2,859
Finance lease cost:
   Amortization of right-of-use
        assets General administrative expenses $ — $ 216
   Interest on lease liabilities Interest expense, net — 2
Total finance lease $ — $ 218


	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income Line Item	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	General administrative expenses and cost of sales	$	3,959	$	3,128

Other Information

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:


		Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021			(in thousands)	2023		2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:	Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:						Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	3,097	$	2,805		Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	3,653	$	3,097
Finance cash flows for finance leases		—		290

Operating right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations during the current period	Operating right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations during the current period	2,196		786			Operating right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations during the current period	1,272		2,196

The following is a schedule, by years, of maturities of lease liabilities as of March 31, ~~2022:~~2023:

(in thousands) Operating Leases
Remaining nine months of 2022 $ 8,438
2023 9,327
2024 7,550
2025 6,005
2026 4,997
Thereafter 16,279
Total lease payments 52,596
Less: Present value discount (7,510)
Total lease liabilities $ 45,086


(in thousands)	Operating Leases
Remaining nine months of 2023	$	10,840
2024	12,689
2025	10,687
2026	8,424
2027	6,519
Thereafter	16,680
Total lease payments	65,839
Less: Present value discount	(8,859)
Total lease liabilities	$	56,980

The following table summarizes the Company's lease terms and discount rates as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:


Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):	Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):	2022		2021		Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):	2023		2022
Operating leases	Operating leases	6.64		7.13		Operating leases	5.93		6.64
Finance leases		0.0		0.25

Weighted-average discount rate:	Weighted-average discount rate:					Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases	Operating leases	5.17	%	5.28	%	Operating leases	4.67	%	5.17	%
Finance leases		—	%	3.5	%

12. Debt

OnAs of March ~~30, 2022,~~31, 2023, the Company ~~entered into the Amended and Restated Credit Facility. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement amends and restates the Company's previous Credit Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2012. The~~has $577.5 million, excluding deferred financing costs, outstanding under its Amended and Restated Credit Facility, ~~provides for a 5-year revolving credit facility~~which is the estimated fair value as of ~~$450.0 million revolving line~~March 31, 2023. The Company had outstanding balances of ~~credit, which includes a letter of credit-sub-facility up to $50.0~~$700.0 million and ~~for a 5-year term loan facility of $450.0 million. The Company borrowed $250.0~~$583.2 million under the revolving credit facility and $450.0 million under the term loan facility to finance a portion of the purchase price of the Company’s acquisition of the ETANCO Group ("ETANCO"). In addition, the Company incurred $6.8M debt issuance costs reflected in long term debt, net that will be deferred and amortized over the 5-year terms of the Amended and Restated Credit Facility.

The Company is required to pay an annual revolving credit facility fee of 0.10% to 0.25% per annum on the available commitments under the terms of the Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility, regardless of usage, with the applicable fee determined on a quarterly basis based on the Company’s net leverage ratio. The fee is included within other expense in the Company's condensed consolidated statement of operations.

~~Amounts borrowed~~ under the Amended and Restated Credit Facility ~~will bear interest from time to time at either Base Rate, Spread Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR, Spread Adjusted Term SOFR, Adjusted Eurocurrency Rate or Daily Simple RFR,~~as of March 31, 2022, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The following is a schedule, by years, of maturities for the remaining term loan facility as of March 31, 2023:


(in thousands)	5-Year Term Loan
Remaining nine months of 2023	$	16,875
2024	22,500
2025	22,500
2026	22,500
2027	343,125

Total loan outstanding	$	427,500

The $150.0 million outstanding under the revolving credit facility is due on March 31, 2027.

The Company was in ~~each case, as calculated under and as in effect from time to time~~compliance with its financial covenants under the Amended and Restated Credit Facility ~~plus the Applicable Margin,~~ as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Facility. The Applicable Margin is determined based on the Company’s net leverage ratio, and ranges (i) from 0.00% to 0.75% per annum for amounts borrowed under the term loan facility that bear interest at Base Rate, (ii) from 0.75% to 1.75% per annum for amounts borrowed under the term loan facility that bear interest at Adjusted Eurocurrency Rate, Spread Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR or Spread Adjusted Term SOFR, (iii) from 0.00% to 0.50% per annum for amounts borrowed under the revolving credit facility that bear interest at Base Rate, (iv) from 0.6826% to 1.5326% per annum for amounts borrowed under the revolving credit facility that bear interest at Daily Simple RFR (solely to the extent denominated in pound sterling) and (v) from 0.65% to 1.50% per annum for amounts borrowed under the revolving credit facility that bear interest at Daily Simple RFR (other than loans denominated in pound sterling) or Adjusted Eurocurrency Rate. Loans outstanding under the Amended and Restated Credit Facility may be prepaid at any time without penalty except for customary breakage costs and expenses.of March 31, 2023.

As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, in addition to the Amended and Restated Credit Facility, certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries are guarantors for a credit agreement between certain of its foreign subsidiaries and institutional lenders. Together, all of its credit facilities provide the Company with a total of ~~$204.3~~$305.7 million in ~~revolving credit lines~~available borrowing capacity and an irrevocable standby letter of credit in support of various insurance deductibles.

~~The Company has a $700.0 million outstanding debt balance which we deem as the fair value as of March 31, 2022. There were no outstanding balances as of March 31, 2021, and December 31, 2021.~~

~~The Company was in compliance with its financial covenants under the Credit Facility as of March 31, 2022.~~

13. Commitments and Contingencies

Environmental

The Company’s policy with regard to environmental liabilities is to accrue for future environmental assessments and remediation costs when information becomes available that indicates that it is probable that the Company is liable for any related claims and assessments and the amount of the liability is reasonably estimable. The Company does not believe that any such matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.

Litigation and Potential Claims

From time to time, the Company is involved in various legal proceedings and other matters arising in the normal course of business. Corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, cracking, material hardness, wood pressure-treating chemicals, misinstallations, misuse, design and assembly flaws, manufacturing defects, labeling defects, product formula defects, inaccurate chemical mixes, adulteration, environmental conditions, or other factors can contribute to failure of fasteners, connectors, anchors, adhesives, specialty chemicals, such as fiber reinforced polymers, and tool products. In addition, inaccuracies may occur in product information, descriptions and instructions found in catalogs, packaging, data sheets, and the Company’s website.

The resolution of any claim or litigation is subject to inherent uncertainty and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.

14. Segment Information

The Company is organized into 3three reporting segments defined by the regions where the Company’s products are manufactured, marketed and distributed to ~~the Company’s~~its customers. The 3three reporting segments are the North America segment (comprised primarily of the Company’s operations in the U.S. and Canada), the Europe segment, which includes ETANCO, and the Asia/Pacific segment (comprised of the Company’s operations in Asia and the South Pacific, ~~and the Middle East).~~ These segments are similar in several ways, including the types of materials used, the production processes, the distribution channels and the product applications.

The Administrative & All Other ~~column~~line item primarily includes expenses such as self-insured workers compensation claims for employees, stock-based compensation for certain members of management, interest expense, foreign exchange gains or losses and income tax expense, as well as revenues and expenses related to real estate activities.

The following tables illustrate certain measurements used by management to assess the performance of its reportable segments as of or the following periods:


		Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021			(in thousands)	2023		2022
Net Sales	Net Sales						Net Sales
North America	North America	$	438,731	$	300,564		North America	$	406,330	$	438,731
Europe	Europe	51,451		44,296			Europe	124,215		51,451
Asia/Pacific	Asia/Pacific	3,388		2,782			Asia/Pacific	3,885		3,388
Total	Total	$	493,570	$	347,642		Total	$	534,430	$	493,570
Sales to Other Segments*	Sales to Other Segments*						Sales to Other Segments*
North America	North America	$	1,134	$	696		North America	$	1,168	$	1,134
Europe	Europe	1,684		1,609			Europe	1,613		1,684
Asia/Pacific	Asia/Pacific	8,567		8,527			Asia/Pacific	5,902		8,567
Total	Total	$	11,385	$	10,832		Total	$	8,683	$	11,385
Income (Loss) from Operations **
Income (Loss) from Operations							Income (Loss) from Operations
North America	North America	$	135,727	$	73,025		North America	$	114,393	$	135,727
Europe	Europe	(1,370)		2,291			Europe	13,470		(1,370)
Asia/Pacific	Asia/Pacific	564		425			Asia/Pacific	(138)		564
Administrative and all other	Administrative and all other	(10,484)		(7,358)			Administrative and all other	(9,362)		(10,484)
Total	Total	$	124,437	$	68,383		Total	$	118,363	$	124,437

* Sales to other segments are eliminated in consolidation.

** The Company changed its presentation of its North America and Administrative and all other segment statement of operations to account for allocated expenses and management fees as a separate item below income from operations. Allocated expenses and management fees between the two segments were previously included in operating expenses and in income from operations.


						At							At
		At March 31,				December 31,			As of March 31,				December 31,
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021		2021		(in thousands)	2023		2022		2022
Total Assets	Total Assets							Total Assets
North America	North America	$	1,120,027	$	1,125,887	$	1,352,988	North America	$	1,425,374	$	1,120,027	$	1,393,968
Europe	Europe	1,034,323		198,363		202,631		Europe	695,268		1,034,323		675,634
Asia/Pacific	Asia/Pacific	32,847		31,831		31,832		Asia/Pacific	32,789		32,847		34,599
Administrative and all other	Administrative and all other	93,153		(61,354)		(103,326)		Administrative and all other	402,203		93,153		399,770
Total	Total	$	2,280,350	$	1,294,727	$	1,484,125	Total	$	2,555,634	$	2,280,350	$	2,503,971

Cash collected by the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries is routinely transferred into the Company’s cash management accounts and, therefore is in the total assets of “Administrative and all other.” Cash and cash equivalent balances in the “Administrative and all other” segment were $189.8 million, $96.1 million, ~~$248.7 million,~~ and ~~$223.5~~$222.5 million, as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. ~~On April 1, 2022,~~Also included in the ~~Company~~total assets of "Administrative and all other" are intercompany borrowings due from the Europe segment, which were used ~~approximately $800 million~~by the Europe segment in the acquisition of ETANCO. Included in the ~~funds held in our foreign operations~~total assets of each segment are net intercompany borrowings due to ~~acquire ETANCO.~~and from the other segments.

The Company’s wood construction products include connectors, truss plates, fastening systems, fasteners and pre-fabricated shearwalls and are used for connecting and strengthening wood-based construction primarily in ~~the~~ residential ~~construction market.~~and commercial construction. Its concrete construction products include adhesives, specialty chemicals, mechanical anchors, carbide drill bits, powder actuated tools and reinforcing fiber materials and are used for restoration, protection or strengthening concrete, masonry and steel construction in residential, industrial, commercial and infrastructure construction. The table below illustrates the distribution of the Company’s sales by product group as additional information for the following periods:

Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) 2022 2021
Wood construction products $ 435,438 $ 301,578
Concrete construction products 57,976 45,523
Other 156 541
Total $ 493,570 $ 347,642


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022

Wood construction products	$	454,758	$	435,438
Concrete construction products	76,672		57,976
Other	3,000		156
Total	$	534,430	$	493,570

15. Subsequent Events

Dividend Declared

On ~~May 4, 2022,~~April 26, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors (the "Board") declared a quarterly cash dividend of ~~$0.26~~$0.27 per share, estimated to be ~~$11.2~~$11.5 million in total. The dividend will be payable on July ~~28, 2022,~~27, 2023, to the Company's stockholders of record on July ~~7, 2022.~~6, 2023.

~~ETANCO Acquisition~~

~~On April 1, 2022, the Company acquired ETANCO, a manufacturer of fastener and fixing products headquartered in France, for $800.0 million (725 million euros(1)) net of cash. Information regarding the ETANCO acquisition information is incorporated by reference to~~ ~~Form 8-K April 7, 2022 filing.~~

~~Footnotes~~

~~(1)~~ ~~Reflects EUR to USD exchange rate as of March 21, 2022.~~

2024

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Each of the terms the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” and similar terms used herein refer collectively to Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc., unless otherwise stated. The Company regularly uses its website to post information regarding its business and governance. The Company encourages investors to use http://www.simpsonmfg.com as a source of information about the Company. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this report or other material we file with or furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), except as explicitly noted or as required by law.

The following discussion and analysis provides information which management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying ~~condensed consolidated financial statements~~Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in this report.

“Strong-Tie” and our other trademarks appearing in this report are our property. This report contains additional trade names and trademarks of other companies. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names or trademarks to imply an endorsement or sponsorship of us by such companies, or any relationship with any of these companies.

CAUTIONARY NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “target,” “continue,” “predict,” “project,” “change,” “result,” “future,” “will,” “could,” “can,” “may,” “likely,” “potentially,” or similar expressions that concern our strategy, plans, expectations or intentions. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about future financial and operating results, our plans, objectives, business outlook, priorities, expectations and intentions, expectations for sales and market growth, comparable sales, earnings and performance, stockholder value, capital expenditures, cash flows, the housing market, the home improvement industry, demand for services, share repurchases, the integration of ETANCO, our strategic initiatives, including the impact of these initiatives, ~~such as the acquisition of ETANCO,~~ on our strategic and operational plans and financial results, and any statement of an assumption underlying any of the foregoing and other statements that are not historical facts. Although we believe that the expectations, opinions, projections and comments reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements involve risks and uncertainties and we can give no assurance that such statements will prove to be correct. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements.

Forward-looking statements are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and other factors that are difficult to predict and could cause our actual results to vary in material respects from what we have expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those expressed in our forward looking statements include, among others, the prolonged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations and supply chain, the operations of our customers, suppliers and business partners, and the successful integration of ETANCO and those discussed under Item 1A. Risk Factors and Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Additional risks include: the cyclicality and impact of general economic conditions; changing conditions in global markets including the impact of sanctions and tariffs, quotas and other trade actions and import restrictions; the impact of pandemics, epidemics or other public health ~~emergencies, such as the recent outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19);~~emergencies; volatile supply and demand conditions affecting prices and volumes in the markets for both our products and raw materials we purchase; the impact of foreign currency fluctuations; potential limitations on our ability to access capital resources and borrowings under our existing credit agreement; restrictions on our business and financial covenants under our credit agreement; reliance on employees subject to collective bargaining agreements; and or ability to repurchase shares of our common stock and the amounts and timing of repurchases, if any.

We caution that you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. Except as required under the federal securities laws or the rules and regulations of the SEC, we undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and in our other reports filed with the SEC that advise of the risks and factors that may affect our business.

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Overview

We design, manufacture and sell building construction products that are of high quality and performance, easy touse and cost-effective for customers. We operate in three business segments determined by geographic region: North America,Europe and Asia/Pacific.

~~At our March 23,~~Recent Developments

In 2021, ~~analyst and investor day,~~ we unveiled several key growth initiatives that we believe will help us continue our track record of achieving above market revenue growth through a combination of organic and inorganic opportunities. Our organic opportunities are focused on ~~expansion into new~~expanding the markets ~~within our core competencies of~~for wood and concrete ~~products.~~structural connections and solutions. These key growth initiatives will focus on the ~~original equipment manufacturers,~~OEM, repair and remodel or do-it-yourself, mass timber, concrete and structural steel markets.

In order to grow in these markets, we aspire to be among the leaders in engineered load-rated construction building products and systems and building technology while leveraging our engineering expertise, deep-rooted relationships with top builders, engineers, contractors, code officials and distributors, along with our ongoing commitment to testing, research and innovation. Importantly, we currently have existing products, testing results, distribution and manufacturing capabilities for our key growth initiatives. Although these initiatives are all currently in different stages of development, our successful growth in these areas will ultimately be a function of expanding our sales and/or marketing functions to promote our products to different end users and distribution channels, expanding our customer base, and potentially introducing new products in the future.

~~Also during the March analyst and investor day, we~~We also highlighted our five-year ambitions in 2021, which are as follows:

•Strengthen our values-based culture;

•Be the business partner of choice;

•Strive to be an innovative leader in the markets we operate;

•Continue above market growth relative to the United States housing starts;

•Remain within the top quartile of our proxy peers for operating income margin; and

•Remain in the top quartile of our proxy peers for return on invested capital.

We ~~will make periodic updates related to material developments to~~have made progress towards our key growth initiatives that were first announced in 2021. Select highlights that include both organic and ~~with our five-year ambitions.~~

~~Acquisitions~~inorganic growth from 2022 and ~~Investments~~2023 were:

~~On April 1, 2022,~~•Acquiring ETANCO which has resulted in additional scale for our European operations and was accretive to earnings in the ~~Company successfully completed the acquisition~~first quarter of ~~ETANCO, a manufacturer of fastener products headquartered in France, for $800.0 million (725 million euros(1)) net of cash. For the 12 months ending September 30, 2021, ETANCO's net sales and operating income margin were approximately $291.0 million (approximately €258 million(2)) and 19.7%(2), respectively.~~2023;

•

~~ETANCO's primary product applications directly align with the addressable markets in which the Company operates. Leveraging ETANCO's leading~~Increasing our number of commercial market ~~position in Europe, following the proposed acquisition, the Company would expand its portfolio of solutions, including mechanical anchors, fasteners and commercial building envelope solutions,~~customers as well as ~~significantly increase its market presence across Europe. The transaction would allow the Company to enter into~~launching new ~~commercial building markets such as façades, waterproofing, safety and solar, as well as grow its share of direct business sales in Europe.~~

The Company expects to realize operating income synergies of approximately $30 million, on an annual run rate basis, within 36 months following the proposed acquisition. These synergies would be achieved through expanding the Company's market share by selling its products into new markets and channels, incorporating ETANCO's products into the Company's existing channels, as well as procurement optimization, manufacturing and operating expense efficiencies. The Company expects to scale its European net sales and operating income margin performance, which is anticipated to result in an approximate 500 basis point increase in Europe operating income margins by 2025. Additionally, the Company also expects that its interest expense will increase as a result of the incurrence of debt to finance the acquisition of ETANCO.

~~Other accomplishments over the past year included the following:~~

•Realigned our sales teams to more specifically focus on five end use markets – Residential, Commercial, OEM, National Retail and Building Technology, which has led to new customer and project wins within five of our key growth initiatives.structural steel products;

•~~Invested~~Growing across all OEM customer types, while continuing to develop the market for mass timber:

•Expanding our wood product line by acquiring intellectual property;

•Continuing to invest in a venture capital ~~fund~~funds and other companies focused on the home building industry and related new ~~technologies.~~

•Entered into a joint indirect investment in the North America Hundegger equipment sales and service representative partner, Hundegger USA, LC to increase each parties' sales in the mass timber and component manufacturing markets by offering North America customers end-to-end solutions, including integrated software from a single source.

•Formed an strategic alliance with Structural Technologies that will allow both parties jointly deliver complete end-to-end strengthening solutions to engineering professionals, contractors and owners across multiple construction and repair markets,

•~~Within the National Retail market, we focused on growth in the repair and remodel and do-it-yourself markets by completing a reset of some of our fastener sets with one of our key customers,~~technologies; and

•~~Within the Commercial market, we expanded our offerings, including the expansion~~As part of our ~~structural steel product line.~~Partner of Choice initiative, we anticipate completing our path-to-market customer transition by the end of this year.

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted global economic conditions, resulting in substantial volatility in the financial markets, increased unemployment, and operational challenges resulting from measures that governments have imposed to control its spread. We continue to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic for potential impactAs we make progress on our ~~business. We have undertaken numerous steps~~key growth initiatives, we believe we can continue our above market growth relative to U.S. housing starts in fiscal 2023 and ~~instituted additional precautions to comply with health~~beyond. These examples further emulate our Founder, Barclay Simpson’s, nine principles of doing business, and ~~safety guidelines~~more specifically the focus and ~~to protect our employees, suppliers~~obsession on customers and customers, as their safety and well-being is one of our top priorities, and to comply with health and safety guidelines. These steps and precautions include enhanced deep cleaning, staggered shifts, temperature checking, use of face masks, practicing social distancing and limiting non-employees at our locations, amongst other safety related policies and procedures.users.

~~The Company’s management team continues to monitor and manage its ability to operate effectively and, to date, the Company has not experienced any significant disruptions within its supply chain.~~Factors Affecting Our supply chain partners have been very supportive and continue to do their part to ensure that service levels to our customers remain strong and, to date, we have not experienced any supply-chain disruptions and continued to meet our customers’ needs despite the challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. We will continue to communicate with our supply chain partners to identify and mitigate risk and to manage inventory levels. The Company's Crisis Management Team, which includes membersResults of ~~senior management, meets periodically to review and assess the status of the Company's operations and the health and safety of its employees.~~Operations

The Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations depends in large part on the level of United States housing starts and residential construction activity. Though single-family housing starts increased ~~significantly~~ in ~~the last year,~~prior years, we ~~believe there is uncertainty current~~have seen demand ~~will remain at the current level~~decline recently due to supply-chain factors, unfavorable economic conditions, including rising interest rates, inflation, and ~~interest rate increases affecting~~recession fears, resulting in lower new home starts and completions. ~~With recent sales~~However, the Company also supplies product used in multifamily housing construction, which increased in the first quarter of 2023 compared to last year. During 2021, we passed four price increases to our customers to offset significantly higher material costs arising from supply constraints. During the first quarter of 2023, we ~~believe sales will likely~~gave back some of the increase in ~~future periods even if demand does not decrease. However, increased selling~~product prices ~~are expected~~in response to ~~be offset by increasing~~marginally lower raw material costs, ~~sourcing logistics complications and~~while a tight labor market ~~which~~and unusually wet winter in the western region of the United States could further negatively affect operating margins for 2023 as compared to 2022.

~~Management continues to monitor the impact of rising material input and product logistics costs on the Company's financial condition, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry, and workforce.~~

~~Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations~~

Unlike lumber or other products that have a more direct correlation to United States housing starts, our products are used to a greater extent in areas that are subject to natural forces, such as seismic or wind events. Our products are generally used in a sequential ~~process~~progression that follows the construction process. Residential and commercial construction begins with the foundation, followed by the wall and the roof systems, and then the installation of our products, which flow into a project or a house according to these schedules.

~~Our~~In prior years, our sales ~~also tend to be~~were heavily seasonal with operating results varying from quarter to ~~quarter. With some exceptions, our~~quarter depending on weather conditions that could delay construction starts. Our sales and income have historically been lower in the first and fourth quarters than in the second and third quarters of a fiscal ~~year, as~~year. Due to efforts in diversifying our ~~customers tend to purchase construction materials in the late spring~~global footprint, most notably with our acquisition of ETANCO, sales from our product line, customer base and summer months for the construction season. Weather conditions, such as extended cold or wet weather, which affect and sometimes delay installation of some of our products, could negatively affect our results of operations.customer purchases are becoming less seasonal. Political and economic events such as ~~tariffs~~rising energy costs, volatility in the steel market, stressed product transportation systems and ~~the possibility of additional tariffs on imported raw materials or finished goods or such as labor disputes~~increasing interest rates can also have an effect on our gross and operating profits as ~~well as the amount of inventory on-hand. Our operations can also be affected by a volatile steel market and stressed product~~

~~transportation systems.~~well. Changes in raw material cost could impact the amount of inventory on-hand, and negatively affect our gross profit and operating margins depending on the timing of raw material purchases or how much sales prices can be increased to offset higher raw material costs. ~~Delays in receiving products or shipping sales orders, as well as increased transportation costs, could negatively impact sales and operating profits.~~

~~Our operations also expose us to risks associated with pandemics, epidemics or other public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.~~

Business Segment Information

Historically our North America segment has generated more revenues from wood construction products compared to concrete construction products. Our wood construction product sales ~~increased 49.0%~~decreased 9.9% for the quarter ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, mostly due to lower sales volumes, and our concrete construction product sales increased ~~27.5% for~~6.3% over the ~~quarter ended March 31, 2022 compared to March 31, 2021,~~same periods, due to product price increases throughout 2021 in an effort to offset rising raw material costs. These price increases were also the primary contributor to gross profits and operating profits increasing over the same comparable periods. As a result of the product price increases phased in during 2021, full phased in product price increases for 2022 could result in $300 million in additional net sales compared to 2021. We currently anticipate gross margin and operating margin compression beginning in the latter half of 2022 as higher priced raw materials and rising average cost of steel on hand offset the price increases.

Our Europe segment also generates more revenues from wood construction products than concrete construction products. Europe sales increased 16.2% for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 compared to March 31, 2021, primarily due to product price increases throughout 2021 in an effort to offset rising raw material costs, partly offset by lower volumes. Previously announced decreases for pricing on certain of our wood products for 2023 will likely negatively affect 2023 net sales compared to 2022. We currently anticipate compression of our operating margin for fiscal 2023 compared to 2022 due to the effects of our product price decreases and increases in operating expenses, partly offset by lower average priced steel in cost of sales relative to much of the prior year.

During 2022, we reviewed the footprint for our U.S. operations with assistance from a third party. As a result, we identified opportunities to expand our facilities in the U.S. We believe that this expansion will improve our overall service, production efficiencies and safety in the workplace, as well as reduce our reliance on certain outsourced finished goods and component products and continue to ensure we have ample capacity to meet our customer needs. These investments reinforce our core business model differentiators to remain the partner of choice as we continue to produce products locally and ensure superior levels of customer service. Facility investments have already started in 2022 with the announced expansion of the Columbus facility, expected to be completed in 2024 while additional facility expansions are being considered.

Europe sales increased 141.4% for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 compared to March 31, 2022, primarily due to the acquisition of ETANCO, which contributed $80.0 million in net sales, along with product price increases, offset by lower volumes and the negative effect of approximately ~~$3.7~~$2.8 million in foreign currency translation due to a ~~strengthening~~weakening United States dollar. Wood construction product sales increased ~~14.7%~~129.4% for the quarter ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to March 31, ~~2021.~~2022 with ETANCO contributing $64.8 million to that increase. Concrete construction product sales are mostly project based, and sales increased ~~26.2%~~215.5% for the quarter ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to March 31, ~~2021.~~2022 with ETANCO contributing $15.2 million. Europe gross profit of $46.6 million included $30.6 million from the acquisition of ETANCO. Europe reported income from operations of $14.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 compared to a loss from operations for the quarter ended March 31, 2022. ETANCO contributed operating income of $9.4 million for the current quarter, which was net of $4.2 million of amortization expense on acquired intangible assets and acquisition and integration costs were lower by $5.5 million. We expect to incur additional costs in 2023 as originally planned, to continue integrating ETANCO. The Company ~~including ETANCO, have suspended all sales~~has begun to benefit from some of the previously identified synergies and ~~distribution activity~~we believe remains well positioned to ~~Russia and Belarus. We estimate annual sales~~benefit meaningfully from other synergies, subject to ~~these countries are less $5.0 million. Gross margins decreased, primarily due to higher factory & tooling costs, as a percentage~~changing macroeconomic circumstances, which will delay some of ~~net sales. Europe reported an operating loss of $1.4 million, primarily due to professional fees of $7.0 million associated with~~ the ETANCO acquisition, offset by a $1.1 million gain on the sale of a property and increased gross profits. We anticipate incurring approximately $15 million to $17 million in integration and transaction costs related to the ETANCO acquisition, of which $8 million to $10 million are incremental. Including increased steel costs, product sourcing complications with the Ukraine conflict, Europe's net sales and operating margins for the full year 2022 will likely be negatively impacted.synergy opportunities.

Our Asia/Pacific segment has generated revenues from both wood and concrete construction ~~products. We~~products, which we believe ~~that the Asia/Pacific segment~~ is not significant to our overall performance.

Since March 2021, inventory pounds in North America, which is the bulk of our inventory, remained flat while the weighted average cost per pound of total on hand increased approximately 56%. Based on our current expectations, we are anticipating continued raw material cost pressure for fiscal 2022. As we work through our on hand inventory and continue to buy raw material at these much higher prices, our anticipated costs of goods sold are expected to increase during fiscal 2022, even if prices for raw material decline, as the impact from averaging raw material costs typically lags our price increases. We began to see this sequential accelerating increase in material costs occur beginning in the third quarter 2021.

Business Outlook

The Company has updated its ~~2022~~ financial outlook ~~to include~~for the ~~acquisition of ETANCO, which closed~~full fiscal year ending December 31, 2023 based on ~~April 1, 2022,~~ one quarter of ~~actual results, and~~performance to reflect its latest expectations regarding demand trends, raw material costs and operating ~~expenses. Based on business trends and conditions~~expense as of April ~~25, 2022, the Company's outlook for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2022 is~~24, 2023 as follows:

•Operating margin is ~~expected~~now estimated to be in the range of ~~19.0%~~19% to 20.0%, mostly attributable to an improved outlook for the overall market and Simpson. In addition, the revised outlook includes projected results for ETANCO, including $15.0 to $17.0 million in integration and transaction costs.21%.

•~~Interest~~Annual interest expense on the $577.5 million outstanding ~~borrowings of $250.0 million on~~under the ~~Revolving~~Amended and Restated Credit Facility ~~and $450.0 million Term Loan~~as of March 31, 2023, is expected to be approximately ~~$12.0~~$9.7 million, including the ~~effect of~~benefit from interest ~~hedges~~rate and ~~bank fee amortizations.~~cross currency swaps.

•The effective tax rate is ~~expected~~estimated to be in the range of ~~25.5%~~25% to ~~26.5%.~~26%, including both federal and state income tax rates and assuming no tax law changes are enacted.

•Capital expenditures are ~~expected~~estimated to be in the range of ~~$65.0~~$90.0 million to ~~$70.0 million. As part~~$95.0 million, including the expected spend of $22.0 million to $25.0 million on our previously announced Columbus, Ohio facility expansion, with the ~~integration process for ETANCO, Simpson management is~~balance of that project to be spent in ~~the process of assessing additional capital expenditures in support of ETANCO's operations.~~2024.

~~Footnotes~~

~~(1)~~• ~~Reflects EUR~~The Company has made solid progress on its efforts to ~~USD exchange rate as of March 21, 2022.~~integrate ETANCO into its operations and to realize previously identified offensive and defensive synergies in the years ahead. However, these efforts will continue to result in additional costs in 2023 that have been planned since the Company announced the transaction.

~~(2)~~ For the last 12 months ending September 30, 2021, in accordance with French GAAP. Subject to change following conversion to IFRS or U.S. GAAP accounting standards and reflects EUR to USD exchange rate as of December 22, 2021.

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, Compared with the Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022

Unless otherwise stated, the below results, when providing comparisons (which are generally indicated by words such as “increased,” “decreased,” “unchanged” or “compared to”), compare the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, against the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Unless otherwise stated, the results announced below, when referencing “both quarters,” refer to the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and the three months ended March 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

The Company changed its presentation of its North America and Administrative and all other segment statement of operations to account for allocated expenses and management fees as a separate item below income from operations. Allocated expenses and management fees between the two segments were previously included in operating expenses and in income from operations. Income from operations for the North America and Administrative and all other segments for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 presented below was not affected by the change in presentation. Consolidated income from operations, income before tax and net income for the quarters ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 presented below were not affected by the change in presentation.

First Quarter ~~2022~~2023 Consolidated Financial Highlights

The following table shows the change in the Company's operations from the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 to the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, and the increases or decreases for each category by segment:


		Three Months Ended										Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended										Three Months Ended
				Increase (Decrease) in Operating Segment													Increase (Decrease) in Operating Segment
		March 31,		North				Asia/		Admin &		March 31,			March 31,		North				Asia/		Admin &		March 31,
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2021		America		Europe		Pacific		All Other		2022		(in thousands)	2022		America		Europe		Pacific		All Other		2023
Net sales	Net sales	$	347,642	$	138,167	$	7,155	$	606	$	—	$	493,570	Net sales	$	493,570	$	(32,401)	$	72,764	$	497	$	—	$	534,430
Cost of sales	Cost of sales	185,360		66,078		4,952		402		(3)		256,789		Cost of sales	256,789		(20,004)		43,613		1,021		135		281,554
Gross profit	Gross profit	162,282		72,089		2,203		204		3		236,781		Gross profit	236,781		(12,397)		29,151		(524)		(135)		252,876
Research and development and other engineering expense	Research and development and other engineering expense	14,591		1,389		(109)		(5)		—		15,866		Research and development and other engineering expense	15,866		4,120		874		(113)		—		20,747
Selling expense	Selling expense	30,823		5,654		264		82		13		36,836		Selling expense	36,836		3,954		7,827		65		(15)		48,667
General and administrative expense	General and administrative expense	48,565		2,333		(158)		(81)		3,115		53,774		General and administrative expense	53,774		887		10,066		220		(1,240)		63,707
Total operating expenses	Total operating expenses	93,979		9,376		(3)		(4)		3,128		106,476		Total operating expenses	106,476		8,961		18,767		172		(1,255)		133,121
Acquisition related costs		—				6,951				—		6,951
Acquisition and integration related costs														Acquisition and integration related costs	6,951		—		(5,509)		—		—		1,442
Net loss (gain) on disposal of assets	Net loss (gain) on disposal of assets	(80)		11		(1,084)		69		1		(1,083)		Net loss (gain) on disposal of assets	(1,083)		(24)		1,052		5		—		(50)
Income from operations	Income from operations	68,383		62,702		(3,661)		139		(3,126)		124,437		Income from operations	124,437		(21,334)		14,841		(701)		1,120		118,363

Interest income (expense), net and other	Interest income (expense), net and other	(1,778)		(4,016)		(943)		155		6,154		(428)		Interest income (expense), net and other	(212)		125		(2,750)		5		2,262		(570)

Income before income taxes		66,605		58,686		(4,604)		294		3,028		124,009
Other & foreign exchange loss, net														Other & foreign exchange loss, net	(216)		1,736		100		(563)		(1,455)		(398)
Income (loss) before income taxes														Income (loss) before income taxes	124,009		(19,473)		12,191		(1,259)		1,927		117,395
Provision for income taxes	Provision for income taxes	16,218		14,490		(1,670)		148		247		29,433		Provision for income taxes	29,433		(3,925)		4,049		(350)		234		29,441
Net income		$	50,387	$	44,196	$	(2,934)	$	146	$	2,781	$	94,576
Net income (loss)														Net income (loss)	$	94,576	$	(15,548)	$	8,142	$	(909)	$	1,693	$	87,954

Net sales increased ~~42.0%~~8.3% to $534.4 million from $493.6 million ~~from $347.6~~primarily due to ETANCO which contributed $80.0 million ~~primarily driven~~in net sales, offset by ~~the four product price increases we implemented~~lower sale volumes in ~~2021 to offset rising raw material costs.~~North America. Wood construction product sales, including sales of connectors, truss plates, fastening systems, fasteners and shearwalls, represented ~~88%~~85% and ~~87%~~88% of the Company's total sales in ~~both~~ the first quarters of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Concrete construction product sales, including sales of adhesives, chemicals, mechanical anchors, powder actuated tools and reinforcing fiber materials, represented ~~12%~~14% and ~~13%~~12% of the Company's total sales in ~~both~~ the first quarters of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

Gross profit increased ~~45.9%~~6.8% to ~~$236.8~~$252.9 million from ~~$162.3 million. Gross margins increased to 48.0% from 46.7%,~~$236.8 million primarily due to $30.6 million of gross profit from ETANCO at a 38.3% gross margin which resulted in a consolidated gross margin of 47.3% compared to 48.0% last year without ETANCO. From a product ~~price increases contributing~~perspective, gross margin decreased to ~~lower costs, each as a percentage of sales, in warehouse/freight, factory & tooling, and labor costs, which were negatively offset by higher raw material costs. Gross margins increased to~~47.1% from 48.1% ~~from 46.6%~~ for wood construction products and increased to ~~46.9%~~47.1% from ~~42.5%~~46.9% for concrete construction products, respectively.

Research and development and engineering expense increased ~~8.7%~~30.8% to ~~$15.9~~$20.7 million from ~~$14.6~~$15.9 million, primarily due to increases of ~~$1.6~~$2.8 million in personnel costs, ~~and $0.4~~$0.5 million in professional ~~fees, offset by $0.9 higher software development expenses capitalized.~~services, $0.3 million in travel related costs, $0.3 million in depreciation and amortization and $0.2 million for cash profit sharing.

Selling expense increased ~~19.5%~~32.1% to ~~$36.8~~$48.7 million from ~~$30.8~~$36.8 million, primarily due to increases of ~~$2.4~~$7.0 million in personnel costs and commissions, $1.7 million in travel related costs, ~~$1.6~~$1.1 million in ~~personnel costs, $0.9~~professional fees, and $0.8 million in advertising &and trade shows, ~~and~~offset by a decrease of $0.6 million infor cash profit ~~sharing expense.~~sharing.

General and administrative expense increased ~~10.7%~~18.5% to ~~$53.8~~$63.7 million from ~~$48.6~~$53.8 million, primarily due to increases of ~~$3.5~~$5.3 million in ~~professional fees, $2.6~~depreciation and amortization, $3.0 million in personnel costs, ~~$0.4~~$1.1 million for bad debt expenses, $1.1 million in computer and software expenses net of amounts capitalized, and $0.8 million in travel related costs, ~~and $0.3~~offset by a decrease of $1.3 million in cash profit sharing ~~expense, offset by a decrease of $1.9~~and $0.8 million in ~~stock-based compensation expense.~~professional and legal fees.

Acquisition and integration costs related to ETANCO were $5.5 million lower.

Our effective income tax rate ~~decreased~~increased to ~~23.7%~~25.1% from ~~24.3%~~23.7%.

Consolidated net income was ~~$94.6~~$88.0 million, which includes the operating results from ETANCO, compared to ~~$50.4~~$94.6 million. Diluted earnings per share was ~~$2.18~~$2.05 compared to ~~$1.16.~~$2.18.

Net sales

The following table shows net sales by segment for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively:


		North						Asia/							North						Asia/
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	America			Europe			Pacific			Total			(in thousands)	America			Europe			Pacific			Total
Three months ended	Three months ended													Three months ended
March 31, 2021		$	300,564		$	44,296		$	2,782		$	347,642
March 31, 2022	March 31, 2022	438,731			51,451			3,388			493,570			March 31, 2022	$	438,731		$	51,451		$	3,388		$	493,570
Increase		$	138,167		$	7,155		$	606		$	145,928
Percentage increase		46.0		%	16.2		%	21.8		%	42.0		%
March 31, 2023														March 31, 2023	406,330			124,215			3,885			534,430
Increase (decrease)														Increase (decrease)	$	(32,401)		$	72,764		$	497		$	40,860
Percentage increase (decrease)														Percentage increase (decrease)	(7.4)		%	141.4		%	14.7		%	8.3		%

The following table shows segment net sales as percentages of total net sales for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively:


		North America		Europe		Asia/ Pacific		Total			North America		Europe		Asia/ Pacific		Total
Percentage of total 2021 net sales		87	%	13	%	—	%	100	%
Percentage of total 2022 net sales	Percentage of total 2022 net sales	89	%	10	%	1	%	100	%	Percentage of total 2022 net sales	89	%	10	%	1	%	100	%
Percentage of total 2023 net sales										Percentage of total 2023 net sales	76	%	23	%	1	%	100	%

Gross profit

The following table shows gross profit by segment for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively:


		North				Asia/	Admin &				North				Asia/	Admin &
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	America		Europe		Pacific	All Other	Total		(in thousands)	America		Europe		Pacific	All Other	Total
Three months ended	Three months ended									Three months ended
March 31, 2021		$145,830		$15,250		$1,244	$(42)	$162,282
March 31, 2022	March 31, 2022	217,919		17,453		1,448	(39)	236,781		March 31, 2022	$217,919		$17,453		$1,448	$(39)	$236,781
Increase		$72,089		$2,203		$204	$3	$74,499
Percentage Increase		49.4	%	14.4	%	*	*	45.9	%
March 31, 2023										March 31, 2023	205,522		46,604		924	(174)	252,876
Increase (decrease)										Increase (decrease)	$(12,397)		$29,151		$(524)	$(135)	$16,095
Percentage Increase (decrease)										Percentage Increase (decrease)	(5.7)	%	167.0	%	*	*	6.8	%

* The statistic is not meaningful or material.

The following table shows gross margin by segment for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively:


		North America		Europe		Asia/ Pacific		Admin & All Other	Total			North America		Europe		Asia/ Pacific		Admin & All Other	Total
2021 gross margin percentage		48.5	%	34.4	%	44.7	%	*	46.7	%
2022 gross margin percentage	2022 gross margin percentage	49.7	%	33.9	%	42.7	%	*	48.0	%	2022 gross margin percentage	49.7	%	33.9	%	42.7	%	*	48.0	%
2023 gross margin percentage											2023 gross margin percentage	50.6	%	37.5	%	23.8	%	*	47.3	%

* The statistic is not meaningful or material.

North America

•Net sales ~~increased 46.0%~~decreased 7.4%,primarily due to ~~product price increases throughout 2021 in an effort to offset rising raw material costs. Canada's net sales increased primarily due to product price increases offset by~~ lower ~~sales~~ volumes.

•Gross margin increased to ~~49.7%~~50.6% from ~~48.5%~~49.7%, primarily ~~due to product price increases throughout 2021, contributing to~~from lower raw material costs, ~~each~~partially offset by higher factory and tooling, warehouse and freight costs, as a percentage of ~~sales, in warehouse/freight, factory & tooling, and labor costs, which were negatively offset by higher raw material costs.~~net sales.

•Research, development and engineering expenses increased ~~10.3%~~27.8%, primarily due to increases of ~~$1.3~~$1.5 million in personnel costs, ~~and $0.9~~$0.5 million in professional fees, ~~offset by $0.9 higher software development expenses capitalized.~~$0.3 million in travel related costs, $0.2 million depreciation and amortization and $0.2 million for cash profit sharing.

•Selling expense increased ~~22.5%~~12.8%, primarily due to increases of ~~$2.2 million in travel–associated expenses, $1.8~~$2.0 million in personnel costs ~~$0.9~~and commissions, $1.1 million in travel related costs, $1.0 million in professional fees, $0.5 million in advertising &and trade show costs, ~~$0.6~~and $0.2 million in stock compensation, offset by a decrease of $0.8 million in cash profit ~~sharing expense, offset by a decrease $0.3 million in stock-based compensation expense.~~sharing.

•General and administrative expense increased ~~6.8%~~2.4%, primarily due to increases of ~~$2.7~~$0.8 million in personnel cost, $0.8 million bad debt expense, $0.9 million in computer and software expense net of amounts capitalized, $0.5 million in travel rated costs, and $0.4 million in stock compensation, offset by decreases of 1.1 million in professional fees~~$1.0 million in personnel costs, $0.4~~ and $0.9 million for cash profit ~~sharing expense, partly offset by decreases of $0.7 million in stock-based compensation and $0.6 million in depreciation and amortization.~~sharing.

•Income from operations ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$62.7~~$21.3 million ~~primarily~~ due to ~~higher gross profit, partly offset by higher operating expenses~~the factors discussed above.

Europe

•Net sales increased ~~16.2%~~141.4%, primarily due to ~~product price increases throughout 2021~~ETANCO, which contributed $80.0 million in ~~an effort to offset rising raw material costs,~~net sales, partly offset by lower volumes and the negative effect of approximately ~~$3.7~~$2.8 million in foreign currency translation.

•Gross margin ~~decreased slightly~~increased to ~~33.9%~~37.5% from ~~34.4%, primarily due to higher factory & tooling costs, as a percentage~~33.9%. Europe gross profit of ~~net sales.~~$46.6 million included $30.6 million from ETANCO which contributed 38.3% gross margin.

•Income from operations ~~decreased~~increased by ~~$3.7~~$14.8 million, ~~primarily due to professional fees~~which includes ETANCO's operating income of ~~$7.0~~$9.4 million ~~associated with the ETANCO acquisition, offset by a $1.1~~which is net of $4.2 million ~~gain~~of amortization expense on ~~the sale of a property~~acquired intangible assets, and ~~increased gross profits.~~$1.4 million in integration costs.

Asia/Pacific

•For information about the Company's Asia/Pacific segment, please refer to the tables above setting forth changes in our operating results for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021.~~2022.

Effect of New Accounting Standards

See "Note 1 Basis of Presentation — Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted ” to the accompanying unaudited interim ~~condensed consolidated financial statements.~~Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Liquidity and Sources of Capital

~~On March 30, 2022, the Company entered into an Amended~~We have historically met our capital needs through a combination of cash flows from operating activities and, ~~Restated Credit Agreement. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for a 5-year revolving~~when necessary, borrowings under our credit facility of $450.0 million, which includes a letter of credit-sub-facility up to $50.0 million, and for a 5-year term loan facility of $450.0 million. The Company borrowed $250.0 million, under the revolving credit facility and $450.0 million under the term loan facility to finance a portion of the purchase price of the Company’s acquisition of ETANCO.

agreements. Our principal uses of capital include the costs and expenses associated with our operations, including financing working capital requirements and continuing our capital allocation strategy, which includes supporting capital expenditures, paying cash dividends, repurchasing the Company's common stock, and financing other investment ~~opportunities over~~opportunities.

On March 30, 2022, the ~~next twelve months.~~Company entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement to finance a portion of its acquisition of ETANCO, which provides for a 5-year revolving credit facility of $450.0 million, and for a 5-year term loan facility of $450.0 million. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had borrowings of $150.0 million under the revolving credit facility and $427.5 million under the term loan facility, and has $300.0 million available to borrow under the revolving credit facility. We believe that our cash position and cash flows from operating activities are sufficient to meet our cash flow needs for

the foreseeable future, including repayments of amounts of outstanding debt under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, our cash and cash equivalents consisted of deposits and money market funds held with established national financial institutions. Cash and cash equivalents of ~~$889.2~~$62.5 million are held in the local currencies of our foreign operations and could be subject to additional taxation if repatriated to the United States. ~~On April 1, 2022, the Company used approximately $800 million of the funds held in our foreign operations to acquire ETANCO.~~ The Company is maintaining a permanent reinvestment assertion on its foreign earnings relative to remaining cash held outside the United States.

The following table shows selected financial information as of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, December 31, ~~2021~~2022 and March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively:


		At March 31,		At December 31,		At March 31,			As of March 31,		As of December 31,		As of March 31,
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021		2021		(in thousands)	2023		2022		2022

Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	984,372	$	301,155	$	257,428	Cash and cash equivalents	$	252,541	$	300,742	$	984,372
Property, plant and equipment, net	Property, plant and equipment, net	265,675		259,869		255,684		Property, plant and equipment, net	369,089		361,555		265,675
Goodwill, intangible assets and other	Goodwill, intangible assets and other	169,474		170,309		165,918		Goodwill, intangible assets and other	880,845		863,841		169,474
Working capital less cash and cash equivalents		496,659		453,078		336,759
Working capital excluding cash and cash equivalents								Working capital excluding cash and cash equivalents	639,334		529,945		496,659

The following table provides information on how cash ~~flow indicators for~~was used or provided during the three-month periods ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively:


		Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021		(in thousands)	2023		2022
Net cash provided by (used in):	Net cash provided by (used in):					Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	Operating activities	$	44,679	$	17,833	Operating activities	$	2,958	$	44,679
Investing activities	Investing activities	(17,081)		(15,729)		Investing activities	(27,043)		(17,081)
Financing activities	Financing activities	$	650,600	(15,422)		Financing activities	(23,817)		650,600

Cash flows from operating activities result primarily from our earnings before non-cash items such as depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation, and are also affected by changes in operating assets and liabilities which consist primarily of working capital balances. Our revenues are derived from manufacturing and sales of

building construction materials. Our operating cash flows are subject to seasonality and are cyclically associated with the volume and timing of construction project starts. For example, trade accounts receivable isare generally ~~at its~~ lowest at the end of the fourth quarter and increases during the first, second and third ~~quarters.~~quarters as construction activity ramps in markets we serve.

During the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, operating activities provided ~~$44.7~~$3.0 million in cash, ~~and cash equivalents,~~ as a result of ~~$94.6~~$88.0 million from net income ~~and $14.9~~plus $25.1 million ~~from~~ non-cash expenses ~~from net income, which included~~such as depreciation, ~~and~~ amortization, ~~expense~~ and stock-based ~~compensation expense. Cash provided from net income~~compensation. This amount was partly offset by ~~a decrease of $64.8~~$110.1 million inused for the net change in operating assets and liabilities, including increases of ~~$89.8~~$70.0 million in trade accounts receivable ~~partly offset~~and $16.9 million in inventory, as well as by ~~increases~~a decrease of ~~$21.7~~$13.2 million in other current ~~liabilities and $17.9 million in trade accounts payable.~~liabilities.

Cash used in investing activities of ~~$17.1~~$27.0 million during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 was mainly for capital expenditures ~~offset by proceeds from the sale of a property.~~and acquisition related activities. Our capital spending for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2023 and ~~the three months ended~~ March 31, 2022 was ~~$10.5~~$18.8 million and $17.8 million, respectively, which was primarily used for ~~a land purchase,~~ machinery and equipment purchases and software in development. Based on current information and subject to future events and circumstances, total approved capital spending for ~~2022,~~2023 will be in the ~~$65.0~~$90.0 million to ~~$70.0~~$95.0 million ~~range. Capital spending will be dedicated~~range including the expected spend of $22.0 million to ~~maintenance~~$25.0 million on our previously announced Columbus, Ohio facility expansion, with the ~~remainder focused on~~balance of that project to be spent in 2024. Other capital spending is earmarked for both maintenance and growth to maximize efficiencies ~~expand our manufacturing footprint~~ and invest in our key ~~growth~~ initiatives. ~~As part of the integration process for ETANCO, Simpson management is in the process of assessing additional capital expenditures~~Our acquisition activities were primarily in support of ~~ETANCO's operations.~~the building technology services and acquiring intellectual property.

Cash ~~provided by~~used in financing activities of ~~$650.6~~$23.8 million during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 consisted primarily of ~~$700.0 million loan proceeds used for the acquisition of ETANCO, offset by $21.3 million used to repurchase 194,745 shares of common stock at an average price of $109.28 per share, $10.8~~$11.1 million used to pay dividends to our stockholders, ~~$9.5~~$7.4 million used to pay income taxes on behalf of ~~the~~ employees for shares withheld with respect to their vested restricted stock units and ~~$6.8~~$5.6 million ~~in bank fees paid in connection with the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.~~used for debt repayment.

On ~~May 4, 2022,~~April 26, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") declared a quarterly cash dividend of ~~$0.26~~$0.27 per share payable on July ~~28, 2022,~~27, 2023, to the Company's stockholders of record on July ~~7, 2022.~~

~~During 2022, the Board also approved changing our capital return target to 35% of our free cash flow from 50%.~~6, 2023.

Since the beginning of 2019 to the quarter ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we have returned ~~$315.5~~$417.0 million to stockholders, which represents ~~67.7%~~55.5% of our free cash flow and includes repurchasing over ~~the same period the Company has repurchased over 2,442,456~~3.1 million shares of the Company's common stock, which represents approximately ~~5.4%~~6.8% of the outstanding shares of the Company's common stock at the start of 2019.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We have operations both within the United States and internationally, and are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business.

Foreign Exchange Risk

We have foreign exchange rate risk in our international operations, and through purchases from foreign vendors. Changes in the values of currencies of foreign countries affect our financial position, income statement and cash flows when translated into U.S. Dollars. We estimate that if the exchange rate were to change by 10% in any one country where we have our operations, the change in net income would not be material to our operations taken as a whole.

We may manage our exposure to transactional exposures by entering into foreign currency forward contracts for forecasted transactions and projected cash flows for foreign currencies in future periods. In 2021 and 2022, we entered into financial contracts at various times to hedge the risk of fluctuations associated with the Euro and the Chinese ~~Yuan.~~Yuan during 2022 and 2023.

Interest Rate Risk

Our primary exposure to interest rate risk results from outstanding borrowings under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which bears interest at variable rates. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the outstanding debt under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement subject to interest rate fluctuations was ~~$700.0~~$577.5 million. The variable interest rates on the Credit Agreement fluctuate and expose us to short-term changes in market interest rates as our interest obligation on this instrument is based on prevailing market interest rates. Interest rates fluctuate as a result of many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors that are beyond our control.

We have entered into ~~certain~~an interest rate swap ~~agreements~~agreement to convert the variable interest rate on the balances outstanding under our ~~revolver~~Amended and ~~term loan~~Restated Credit Agreement to fixed interest rates. The objective of the interest rate swap ~~agreements~~agreement is to eliminate the variability of the interest payment cash flows associated with the variable interest rate ~~entered~~outstanding under the borrowings. We designated the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges. Refer to Note 8, "Derivatives and Hedging Instruments", for further information on our interest rate swap contracts in effect as of March 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

Commodity Price Risk

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risk related to our purchase of steel, a significant raw material upon which our manufacturing depends. Steel cost increased in 2021 when compared to 2020 and historical levels due to the worldwide raw material shortage stemming from the COVID-19 ~~pandemic~~.pandemic. While steel is typically available from numerous suppliers, the price of steel is a commodity subject to fluctuations that apply across broad spectrums of the steel market. We do not use any derivative or hedging instruments to manage steel price risk. If the price of steel increases, our variable costs would also increase. While historically we have successfully mitigated these increased costs through the implementation of price increases, in the future we may not be able to successfully mitigate these costs, which could cause our operating margins to decline. As noted above, higher steel prices not mitigated by price increases will ~~likely~~ result in ~~a 200 to 300 basis point decline~~further declines in operating margins for the full year of ~~2022~~2023 compared to operating margins for the full year of ~~2021.~~2022.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the chief executive officer the (“CEO”) and the chief financial officer (the “CFO”), of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15-d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, the Company’s CEO and CFO have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed reasonably to assure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures are also designed reasonably to assure that this information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the CEO and the CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The Company’s management, including the CEO and the CFO, does not, however, expect that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures or the Company’s internal control over financial reporting will prevent all fraud and material errors. Internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. In addition, the design of a control system must reflect the facts that there are resource constraints and that the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. The inherent limitations in internal control over financial reporting include the realities that judgments can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls also can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of controls. The design of any system of internal control is also based in part on assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be only reasonable, not absolute assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential events and conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in circumstances, or the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2022, using the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) and concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of March 31, 2022.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management's evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, ~~our~~the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

The Company currently is not a party to any legal proceedings which the Company expects individually or in the aggregate to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. Nonetheless, the resolution of any claim or litigation is subject to inherent uncertainty and we could in the future, incur judgments, enter into settlements of claims or revise our expectations regarding the outcome of the various legal proceedings and other matters we are currently involved in, which could materially impact our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. See “Note 13 — Commitments and Contingencies” to the accompanying unaudited interim ~~condensed~~ consolidated financial statements for certain potential third-party claims.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes to our risk factors reported or new risk factors identified since the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

The table below shows the monthly repurchases of shares of the Company's common stock in the first quarter of ~~2022.~~2023.

(a) (b) (c) (d)
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased [1][2]
Average Price Paid per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs [2]
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased under the Plans or Programs [2]
January 1 - January 31, 2022 59,132 $ 109.26 58,953 $ 93,563,287
February 1 - February 28, 2022 194,108 112.60 113,092 81,216,076
March 1 - March 31, 2022 22,700 110.00 22,700 $ 78,719,058
Total 275,940


	(a)	(b)		(c)	(d)
Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased [1][2]	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs [2]	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased under the Plans or Programs [2]
January 1 - January 31, 2023	31	$	103.21	—	$	100,000,000
February 1 - February 28, 2023	66,099	111.87		—	100,000,000
March 1 - March 31, 2023	—	—		—	$	100,000,000
Total	66,130

[1] Total number of shares purchased includes shares withheld for settlement of payroll taxes from stock-based compensation awards vested and for retirement eligible employees who retired during the first quarter of ~~2022.~~2023.

[2] Pursuant to the Board’s $100.0 million repurchase authorization that was publicly announced on ~~November 18, 2021,~~December 15, 2022, which authorization is scheduled to expire on December 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits.


						EXHIBIT INDEX
3.1						Certificate of Incorporation of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc., as amended (I ~~ncorporated~~ (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the C ~~ompany~~'s Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 9, 2018).
3.2						Amended and Restated Bylaws of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc., as amended (I ~~ncorporated~~ (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit ~~3.2~~3.1 of the ~~Company~~'s Company's Current Report on Form 8-K ~~dated~~filed on March ~~28, 2017~~14,2023 ).
10.1						Amended and Restated Credit Agreement among the Company, the subsidiaries of the Company party thereto as guarantors, the lenders party thereto , Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and the other parties party thereto (incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 of the Company's C ~~urrent Report on Form 8-K~~ fi ~~led~~ ~~April 4, 2022)~~.
~~10.2~~						~~Securities Purchase Agreement by and between Simpson Strong-Tie Europe,~~ Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. ~~on the one hand, and the sellers identified herein, on the other hand, with respect to Fixco Invest, dated January, 26, 2022 (incorporated~~Nonqualified Plan (Incorporated by reference to ~~exhibit 10.1~~Exhibit 4.3 of the Company's ~~Current Report on~~ Form ~~8-K~~S-8 filed on ~~January 31, 2022)~~May 8, 2023).
~~10.3~~						~~Amendment~~ No ~~1 to the Securities Purchase~~ A ~~greementby and between Simpson Strong-Tie~~ ~~Europe, Simpson Manufacturing~~ ~~Co., Inc., on the one hand, and the sellers identified therein, on the other hand, with resp~~e ~~ct to Fixco Inves~~t , ~~dated March 17, 20~~2 2 ~~is filed herewith.~~
31.1						Chief Executive Officer's Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications is filed herewith.
31.2						Chief Financial Officer's Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications is filed herewith.
32						Section 1350 Certifications are furnished herewith.
101.INS						XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Schema Linkbase Document
101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

3236

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.

(Registrant)

DATE:

May ~~5, 2022~~8, 2023

By /s/Brian J. Magstadt

Brian J. Magstadt

Chief Financial Officer

(principal accounting and financial officer)

3337


	At March 31, 2021
	Gross				Net
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Carrying Amount
North America	$	40,785	$	(23,724)	$	17,061
Europe	26,347		(18,349)		7,998
Total	$	67,132	$	(42,073)	$	25,059