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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 for the transition period from _________ to ___________
Commission File
Number
Registrant; State of Incorporation;
Address and Telephone Number
IRS Employer
Identification No.
1-11459
PPL Corporation
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Pennsylvania
Two North Ninth Street
Allentown, PA 18101-1179
(610) 774-5151
23-2758192
1-905
PPL Electric Utilities Corporation
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Pennsylvania
Two North Ninth Street
Allentown, PA 18101-1179
(610) 774-5151
23-0959590
333-173665
LG&E and KU Energy LLC
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Kentucky
220 West Main Street
Louisville, KY 40202-1377
(502) 627-2000
20-0523163
1-2893
Louisville Gas and Electric Company
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Kentucky
220 West Main Street
Louisville, KY 40202-1377
(502) 627-2000
61-0264150
1-3464
Kentucky Utilities Company
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
(Kentucky and Virginia)
One Quality Street
Lexington, KY 40507-1462
(502) 627-2000
61-0247570




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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol:Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock of PPL CorporationPPLNew York Stock Exchange
Junior Subordinated Notes of PPL Capital Funding, Inc.
2007 Series A due 2067PPL/67New York Stock Exchange
2013 Series B due 2073PPXNew York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
PPL CorporationYesNo 
PPL Electric Utilities CorporationYesNo 
LG&E and KU Energy LLCYesNo 
Louisville Gas and Electric CompanyYesNo 
Kentucky Utilities CompanyYesNo 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants have submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrants were required to submit such files). 
PPL CorporationYesNo 
PPL Electric Utilities CorporationYesNo 
LG&E and KU Energy LLCYesNo 
Louisville Gas and Electric CompanyYesNo 
Kentucky Utilities CompanyYesNo 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants are large accelerated filers, accelerated filers, non-accelerated filers, smaller reporting companies or emerging growth companies. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 Large accelerated
filer
Accelerated
filer
Non-accelerated
filer
Smaller reporting
company
Emerging growth company
PPL Corporation
PPL Electric Utilities Corporation
LG&E and KU Energy LLC
Louisville Gas and Electric Company
Kentucky Utilities Company

If emerging growth companies, indicate by check mark if the registrants have elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
PPL Corporation
PPL Electric Utilities Corporation
LG&E and KU Energy LLC
Louisville Gas and Electric Company
Kentucky Utilities Company
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants are shell companies (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
PPL CorporationYesNo 
PPL Electric Utilities CorporationYesNo 
LG&E and KU Energy LLCYesNo 
Louisville Gas and Electric CompanyYesNo 
Kentucky Utilities CompanyYesNo 
 



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Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

PPL Corporation    Common stock, $0.01 par value, 768,827,321769,427,879 shares outstanding at October 31, 2020.April 30, 2021.
PPL Electric Utilities Corporation    Common stock, no par value, 66,368,056 shares outstanding and all held by PPL Corporation at October 31, 2020.April 30, 2021.
LG&E and KU Energy LLC    PPL Corporation directly holds all of the membership interests in LG&E and KU Energy LLC.
Louisville Gas and Electric Company    Common stock, no par value, 21,294,223 shares outstanding and all held by LG&E and KU Energy LLC at October 31, 2020.April 30, 2021.
Kentucky Utilities Company    Common stock, no par value, 37,817,878 shares outstanding and all held by LG&E and KU Energy LLC at October 31, 2020.April 30, 2021.

This document is available free of charge at the Investors section of PPL Corporation's website at www.pplweb.com. However, other information on this website does not constitute a part of this Form 10-Q.



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PPL CORPORATION
PPL ELECTRIC UTILITIES CORPORATION
LG&E AND KU ENERGY LLC
LOUISVILLE GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY
KENTUCKY UTILITIES COMPANY
 
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020MARCH 31, 2021
 
Table of Contents
 
This combined Form 10-Q is separately filed by the following Registrants in their individual capacity: PPL Corporation, PPL Electric Utilities Corporation, LG&E and KU Energy LLC, Louisville Gas and Electric Company and Kentucky Utilities Company. Information contained herein relating to any individual Registrant is filed by such Registrant solely on its own behalf, and no Registrant makes any representation as to information relating to any other Registrant, except that information under "Forward-Looking Information" relating to subsidiaries of PPL Corporation is also attributed to PPL Corporation and information relating to the subsidiaries of LG&E and KU Energy LLC is also attributed to LG&E and KU Energy LLC.
 
Unless otherwise specified, references in this Report, individually, to PPL Corporation, PPL Electric Utilities Corporation, LG&E and KU Energy LLC, Louisville Gas and Electric Company and Kentucky Utilities Company are references to such entities directly or to one or more of their subsidiaries, as the case may be, the financial results of which subsidiaries are consolidated into such Registrants' financial statements in accordance with GAAP. This presentation has been applied where identification of particular subsidiaries is not material to the matter being disclosed, and to conform narrative disclosures to the presentation of financial information on a consolidated basis.
 Page
PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION 
 Item 1.  Financial Statements 
  PPL Corporation and Subsidiaries 
   
   
   
   
   
  PPL Electric Utilities Corporation and Subsidiaries 
   
   
   
   
  LG&E and KU Energy LLC and Subsidiaries 
   
   
   
   
  Louisville Gas and Electric Company 
   
   
   
   
  Kentucky Utilities Company 
   
   
   
   



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 Combined Notes to Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited) 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 Item 2.  Combined Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 
  
   
   
   
  
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
  
 
 
PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATES OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
CERTIFICATES OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002



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GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
 
PPL Corporation and its subsidiaries
 
KU - Kentucky Utilities Company, a public utility subsidiary of LKE engaged in the regulated generation, transmission, distribution and sale of electricity, primarily in Kentucky.
 
LG&E - Louisville Gas and Electric Company, a public utility subsidiary of LKE engaged in the regulated generation, transmission, distribution and sale of electricity and the distribution and sale of natural gas in Kentucky.
 
LKE - LG&E and KU Energy LLC, a subsidiary of PPL and the parent of LG&E, KU and other subsidiaries.
 
LKS - LG&E and KU Services Company, a subsidiary of LKE that provides administrative, management, and support services primarily to LKE and its subsidiaries.
 
PPL - PPL Corporation, the parent holding company of PPL Electric, PPL Energy Funding, PPL Capital Funding, LKE and other subsidiaries.
 
PPL Capital Funding - PPL Capital Funding, Inc., a financing subsidiary of PPL that provides financing for the operations of PPL and certain subsidiaries. Debt issued by PPL Capital Funding is fully and unconditionally guaranteed as to payment by PPL.
 
PPL Electric - PPL Electric Utilities Corporation, a public utility subsidiary of PPL engaged in the regulated transmission and distribution of electricity in its Pennsylvania service area and that provides electricity supply to its retail customers in this area as a PLR.
 
PPL Energy Funding - PPL Energy Funding Corporation, a subsidiary of PPL and the parent holding company of PPL Global and other subsidiaries.
 
PPL Energy Holdings - PPL Energy Holdings, LLC, a subsidiary of PPL and the parent holding company of PPL Energy Funding, LKE and other subsidiaries.

PPL EU Services - PPL EU Services Corporation, a subsidiary of PPL that provides administrative, management and support services primarily to PPL Electric.
 
PPL Global - PPL Global, LLC, a subsidiary of PPL Energy Funding that, primarily through its subsidiaries, owns and operates WPD, PPL's regulated electricity distribution businesses in the U.K.

PPL Rhode Island Holdings - PPL Rhode Island Holdings, LLC, a subsidiary of PPL Energy Holdings to which certain interests of PPL Energy Holdings in the Narragansett SPA were assigned.

PPL Services - PPL Services Corporation, a subsidiary of PPL that provides administrative, management and support services to PPL and its subsidiaries.

PPL WPD Investments Limited – a subsidiary of PPL WPD Limited and parent to WPD plc.
 
PPL WPD Limited - an indirecta U.K. subsidiary of PPL Global. Following reorganizations in October 2015 and October 2017, PPL WPD Limited is an indirect parent to WPD plc having previously been a sister company.

Safari Energy - Safari Energy, LLC, an indirect subsidiary of PPL, acquired in June 2018, that provides solar energy solutions for commercial customers in the U.S.

U.K. utility business Includes PPL WPD Investments Limited and its subsidiaries, including, notably, WPD plc and the four DNOs, which substantially represents PPL's U.K. Regulated segment. On March 17, 2021, PPL WPD Limited entered into an agreement to sell PPL's U.K. utility business.

WPD - refers to PPL WPD Limited and its subsidiaries.
 
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WPD (East Midlands) - Western Power Distribution (East Midlands) plc, a British regional electricity distribution utility company.
 
WPD plc - Western Power Distribution plc, ana U.K. indirect U.K. subsidiary of PPL WPD Limited. Its principal indirectly owned subsidiaries are WPD (East Midlands), WPD (South Wales), WPD (South West) and WPD (West Midlands).

WPD Midlands - refers to WPD (East Midlands) and WPD (West Midlands), collectively.

WPD (South Wales) - Western Power Distribution (South Wales) plc, a British regional electricity distribution utility company.
 
WPD (South West) - Western Power Distribution (South West) plc, a British regional electricity distribution utility company.
 
WPD (West Midlands) - Western Power Distribution (West Midlands) plc, a British regional electricity distribution utility company.
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WKE - Western Kentucky Energy Corp., a subsidiary of LKE that leased certain non-regulated utility generating plants in western Kentucky until July 2009.

Other terms and abbreviations

£ - British pound sterling.

20192020 Form 10-K - Annual Report to the SEC on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.2020.
 
Act 11 - Act 11 of 2012 that became effective on April 16, 2012. The Pennsylvania legislation authorized the PUC to approve two specific ratemaking mechanisms: the use of a fully projected future test year in base rate proceedings and, subject to certain conditions, a DSIC.

Act 129 - Act 129 of 2008 that became effective in October 2008. The law amended the Pennsylvania Public Utility Code and created an energy efficiency and conservation program and smart metering technology requirements, adopted new PLR electricity supply procurement rules, provided remedies for market misconduct and changed the Alternative Energy Portfolio Standard (AEPS).

Act 129 Smart Meter program - PPL Electric's system wide meter replacement program that installs wireless digital meters that provide secure communication between PPL Electric and the meter as well as all related infrastructure.

Adjusted Gross Margins - a non-GAAP financial measure of performance used in "Item 2. Combined Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" (MD&A).

Advanced Metering Infrastructure - meters and meter reading infrastructure that provide two-way communication capabilities, which communicate usage and other relevant data to LG&E and KU at regular intervals, and are also able to receive information from LG&E and KU, such as software upgrades and requests to provide meter readings in real time.

AFUDC - allowance for funds used during construction. The cost of equity and debt funds used to finance construction projects of regulated businesses, which is capitalized as part of construction costs.

AOCI - accumulated other comprehensive income or loss.

ARO - asset retirement obligation.

ATM Program - at-the-market stock offering program.

CCR(s) - coal combustion residual(s). CCRs include fly ash, bottom ash and sulfur dioxide scrubber wastes.

Clean Air Act - federal legislation enacted to address certain environmental issues related to air emissions, including acid rain, ozone and toxic air emissions.
 
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Clean Water Act - federal legislation enacted to address certain environmental issues relating to water quality including effluent discharges, cooling water intake, and dredge and fill activities.

COVID-19 - the disease caused by the novel coronavirus identified in 2019 that has caused a global pandemic in 2020.pandemic.

CPCN - Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity. Authority granted by the KPSC pursuant to Kentucky Revised Statute 278.020 to provide utility service to or for the public or the construction of certain plant, equipment, property or facility for furnishing of utility service to the public. A CPCN is required for any capital addition, subject to KPSC jurisdiction, in excess of $100 million.
 
CPI - consumer price index, a measure of inflation in the U.K. published monthly by the Office for National Statistics.

CPIH - consumer price index including owner-occupiers' housing costs. An aggregate measure of changes in the cost of living in the U.K., including a measure of owner-occupiers' housing costs.

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Customer Choice Act - the Pennsylvania Electricity Generation Customer Choice and Competition Act, legislation enacted to restructure the state's electric utility industry to create retail access to a competitive market for generation of electricity.

DNO - Distribution Network Operator in the U.K.

DRIP - PPL Amended and Restated Dividend Reinvestment and Direct Stock Purchase and Dividend Reinvestment Plan.

DSIC - Distribution System Improvement Charge. Authorized under Act 11, which is an alternative ratemaking mechanism providing more-timely cost recovery of qualifying distribution system capital expenditures.

DSM - Demand Side Management. Pursuant to Kentucky Revised Statute 278.285, the KPSC may determine the reasonableness of DSM programs proposed by any utility under its jurisdiction. DSM programs consist of energy efficiency programs intended to reduce peak demand and delay the investment in additional power plant construction, provide customers with tools and information regarding their energy usage and support energy efficiency.

DSO - Distribution System Operation in the U.K. is the effective delivery of a range of functions and services that need to happen to run an advanced electricity distribution network. These functions cover long-term network planning; operations, real-time processes and planning, and markets and settlement. This does not focus on a single party as an operator; but recognizes roles for a range of parties to deliver DSO.

DSP - Default Service Provider.

Earnings from Ongoing Operations - a non-GAAP financial measure of earnings adjusted for the impact of special items and used in "Item 2. Combined Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" (MD&A).

ECR - Environmental Cost Recovery. Pursuant to Kentucky Revised Statute 278.183, Kentucky electric utilities are entitled to the current recovery of costs of complying with the Clean Air Act, as amended, and those federal, state or local environmental requirements that apply to coal combustion wastes and byproducts from the production of energy from coal.

ELG(s) - Effluent Limitation Guidelines, regulations promulgated by the EPA.

EPA - Environmental Protection Agency, a U.S. government agency.

EPS - earnings per share.

FERC - Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the U.S. federal agency that regulates, among other things, interstate transmission and wholesale sales of electricity, hydroelectric power projects and related matters.
 
GAAP - Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the U.S.
 
GBP - British pound sterling.

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GHG(s) - greenhouse gas(es).

GLT - gas line tracker. The KPSC approved mechanism for LG&E's recovery of costs associated with gas transmission lines, gas service lines, gas risers, leak mitigation, and gas main replacements.

IBEW - International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers

IRS - Internal Revenue Service, a U.S. government agency.
 
KPSC - Kentucky Public Service Commission, the state agency that has jurisdiction over the regulation of rates and service of utilities in Kentucky.

LIBOR - London Interbank Offered Rate.

Moody's - Moody's Investors Service, Inc., a credit rating agency.
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MW - megawatt, one thousand kilowatts.

NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards periodically adopted pursuant to the Clean Air Act. 

NERC - North American Electric Reliability Corporation.

NPNS - the normal purchases and normal sales exception as permitted by derivative accounting rules. Derivatives that qualify for this exception may receive accrual accounting treatment.

OCI - other comprehensive income or loss.
 
Ofgem - Office of Gas and Electricity Markets, the British agency that regulates transmission, distribution and wholesale sales of electricity and gas and related matters.
 
OVEC - Ohio Valley Electric Corporation, located in Piketon, Ohio, an entity in which LKE indirectly owns an 8.13% interest (consists of LG&E's 5.63% and KU's 2.50% interests), which is recorded at cost. OVEC owns and operates two coal-fired power plants, the Kyger Creek plant in Ohio and the Clifty Creek plant in Indiana, with combined capacities of 2,120 MW.

PEDFA - Pennsylvania Economic Development Financing Authority.

PLR - Provider of Last Resort, the role of PPL Electric in providing default electricity supply within its delivery area to retail customers who have not chosen to select an alternative electricity supplier under the Customer Choice Act.
 
PP&E - property, plant and equipment.

PPL EnergyPlus - prior to the June 1, 2015 spinoff, PPL Energy Supply, LLC, PPL EnergyPlus, LLC, a subsidiary of PPL Energy Supply that marketed and traded wholesale and retail electricity and gas and supplied energy and energy services in competitive markets.

PPL Energy Supply - prior to the June 1, 2015 spinoff, PPL Energy Supply, LLC, a subsidiary of PPL Energy Funding and the indirect parent company of PPL Montana, LLC.

PPL Montana - prior to the June 1, 2015 spinoff of PPL Energy Supply, PPL Montana, LLC, an indirect subsidiary of PPL Energy Supply that generated electricity for wholesale sales in Montana and the Pacific Northwest.

PUC - Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, the state agency that regulates certain ratemaking, services, accounting and operations of Pennsylvania utilities.

RAV - regulatory asset value. This term, used within the U.K. regulatory environment, is also commonly known as RAB or regulatory asset base. RAV is based on historical investment costs at time of privatization, plus subsequent allowed additions less annual regulatory depreciation, and represents the value on which DNOs earn a return in accordance with the regulatory cost of capital. RAV is indexed to Retail Price Index (RPI) in order to allow for the effects of inflation. RAV additions have been and continue to be based on a percentage of annual total expenditures that have a long-term benefit to WPD (similar to capital projects for the U.S. regulated businesses that are generally included in rate base).
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RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976.

Registrant(s) - refers to the Registrants named on the cover of this Report (each a "Registrant" and collectively, the "Registrants").
 
Regulation S-X - SEC regulation governing the form and content of and requirements for financial statements required to be filed pursuant to the federal securities laws.
 
RIIO - Ofgem's framework for setting U.K. regulated gas and electric utility price controls which stands for "Revenues = Incentive + Innovation + Outputs." RIIO-1 refers to the first generation of price controls under the RIIO framework. RIIO-ED1 refers to the RIIO regulatory price control applicable to the operators of U.K. electricity distribution networks, the duration of which is April 2015 through March 2023. RIIO-2 refers to the second generation of price controls under the RIIO framework. RIIO-ED2 refers to the second generation of the RIIO regulatory price control applicable to the operators of U.K. electricity distribution networks, which will begin in April 2023.
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Riverstone - Riverstone Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and, as of December 6, 2016, ultimate parent company of the entities that own the competitive power generation business contributed to Talen Energy.

RPI - retail price index, is a measure of inflation in the United Kingdom published monthly by the Office for National Statistics.
 
Sarbanes-Oxley - Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which sets requirements for management's assessment of internal controls for financial reporting. It also requires an independent auditor to make its own assessment.

Scrubber - an air pollution control device that can remove particulates and/or gases (primarily sulfur dioxide) from exhaust gases.
 
SEC - the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, a U.S. government agency primarily responsible to protect investors and maintain the integrity of the securities markets.
 
Smart metering technology - technology that can measure, among other things, time of electricity consumption to permit offering rate incentives for usage during lower cost or demand intervals. The use of this technology also has the potential to strengthen network reliability.

S&P - S&P Global Ratings, a credit rating agency.
 
Superfund - federal environmental statute that addresses remediation of contaminated sites; states also have similar statutes.
 
Talen Energy - Talen Energy Corporation, the Delaware corporation formed to be the publicly traded company and owner of the competitive generation assets of PPL Energy Supply and certain affiliates of Riverstone, which as of December 6, 2016, became wholly owned by Riverstone.

Talen Energy Marketing - Talen Energy Marketing, LLC, the newsuccessor name of PPL EnergyPlus after the spinoff of PPL Energy Supply that marketed and traded wholesale and retail electricity and gas, and supplied energy and energy services in competitive markets, after the June 1, 2015 spinoff of PPL Energy Supply.

TCJA - Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Comprehensive U.S. federal tax legislation enacted on December 22, 2017.

Treasury Stock Method - a method applied to calculate diluted EPS that assumes any proceeds that could be obtained upon exercise of options and warrants (and their equivalents) would be used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the relevant period.

VEBA - Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association. A tax-exempt trust under the Internal Revenue Code Section 501(c)(9) used by employers to fund and pay eligible medical, life and similar benefits.

VSCC - Virginia State Corporation Commission, the state agency that has jurisdiction over the regulation of Virginia corporations, including utilities.
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Forward-looking Information
 
Statements contained in this Form 10-Q concerning expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events or performance and underlying assumptions and other statements that are other than statements of historical fact are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Although the Registrants believe that the expectations and assumptions reflected in these statements are reasonable, there can be no assurance that these expectations will prove to be correct. Forward-looking statements are subject to many risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in forward-looking statements. In addition to the specific factors discussed in each Registrant's 20192020 Form 10-K and in "Item 2. Combined Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in this Form 10-Q, the following are among the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from the forward-looking statements:
 
strategic acquisitions, dispositions, or similar transactions, including the expected sale of our U.K. utility business and the expected acquisition of The Narragansett Electric Company, and our ability to consummate these business transactions or realize expected benefits from them;
the COVID-19 pandemic and its continuing impact on economic conditions and financial markets;
other pandemic health events or other catastrophic events such as fires, earthquakes, explosions, floods, droughts, tornadoes, hurricanes and other storms;
strategic acquisitions, dispositions, or similar transactions, including the potential sale of our U.K. utility business, and our ability to consummate these business transactions or realize expected benefits from them;
the outcome of rate cases or other cost recovery or revenue proceedings;
changes in U.S. state or federal or U.K. tax laws or regulations;
the direct or indirect effects on PPL or its subsidiaries or business systems of cyber-based intrusion or the threat of cyberattacks;
significant decreases in demand for electricity in the U.S.;
expansion of alternative and distributed sources of electricity generation and storage;
changes in foreign currency exchange rates for British pound sterling and the related impact on unrealized gains and losses on PPL's foreign currency economic hedges;
the effectiveness of our risk management programs, including foreign currency and interest rate hedging;
non-achievement by WPD of performance targets set by Ofgem;
the effect of changes in RPI on WPD's revenues and index linked debt;
developments related to the U.K.'s withdrawal from the European Union and any responses thereto;
the amount of WPD's pension deficit funding recovered in revenues after March 31, 2021, following the triennial pension review which began in March 2019 and is due to conclude at the end of 2020;
defaults by counterparties or suppliers for energy, capacity, coal, natural gas or key commodities, goods or services;
capital market conditions, including the availability of capital or credit, changes in interest rates and certain economic indices, and decisions regarding capital structure;
a material decline in the market value of PPL's equity;
significant decreases in the fair value of debt and equity securities and their impact on the value of assets in defined benefit plans, and the potential cash funding requirements if fair value declines;
interest rates and their effect on pension and retiree medical liabilities, ARO liabilities and interest payable on certain debt securities;
volatility in or the impact of other changes in financial markets and economic conditions;
the potential impact of any unrecorded commitments and liabilities of the Registrants and their subsidiaries;
new accounting requirements or new interpretations or applications of existing requirements;
changes in the corporate credit ratings or securities analyst rankings of the Registrants and their securities;
any requirement to record impairment charges pursuant to GAAP with respect to any of our significant investments;
laws or regulations to reduce emissions of GHGs or the physical effects of climate change;
continuing ability to access fuel supply for LG&E and KU, as well as the ability to recover fuel costs and environmental expenditures in a timely manner at LG&E and KU and natural gas supply costs at LG&E;
weather and other conditions affecting generation, transmission and distribution operations, operating costs and customer energy use;
war, armed conflicts, terrorist attacks, or similar disruptive events;
changes in political, regulatory or economic conditions in states, regions or countries where the Registrants or their subsidiaries conduct business;
receipt of necessary governmental permits and approvals;
new state, federal or foreign legislation or regulatory developments;
the impact of any state, federal or foreign investigations applicable to the Registrants and their subsidiaries and the energy industry;
our ability to attract and retain qualified employees;
the effect of any business or industry restructuring;
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development of new projects, markets and technologies;
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performance of new ventures;
collective labor bargaining negotiations; and
���the outcome of litigation involving the Registrants and their subsidiaries.

Any forward-looking statements should be considered in light of these important factors and in conjunction with other documents of the Registrants on file with the SEC.

New factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for the Registrants to predict all such factors, or the extent to which any such factor or combination of factors may cause actual results to differ from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and the Registrants undertake no obligation to update the information contained in the statement to reflect subsequent developments or information.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Financial Statements
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS)
PPL Corporation and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars, except share data)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
2020201920202019 20212020
Operating RevenuesOperating Revenues$1,885 $1,933 $5,678 $5,815 Operating Revenues$1,498 $1,440 
Operating ExpensesOperating Expenses  Operating Expenses
OperationOperation  Operation
FuelFuel177 194 478 556 Fuel177 163 
Energy purchasesEnergy purchases136 150 470 538 Energy purchases220 201 
Other operation and maintenanceOther operation and maintenance483 480 1,446 1,452 Other operation and maintenance367 355 
DepreciationDepreciation323 306 959 890 Depreciation267 250 
Taxes, other than incomeTaxes, other than income79 77 226 232 Taxes, other than income52 47 
Total Operating ExpensesTotal Operating Expenses1,198 1,207 3,579 3,668 Total Operating Expenses1,083 1,016 
Operating IncomeOperating Income687 726 2,099 2,147 Operating Income415 424 
Other Income (Expense) - netOther Income (Expense) - net52 126 253 309 Other Income (Expense) - net0 (5)
Interest ExpenseInterest Expense249 259 750 746 Interest Expense153 154 
Income Before Income Taxes490 593 1,602 1,710 
Income from Continuing Operations Before Income TaxesIncome from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes262 265 
Income TaxesIncome Taxes209 118 423 328 Income Taxes59 61 
Income from Continuing Operations After Income TaxesIncome from Continuing Operations After Income Taxes203 204 
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of income taxes) (Note 9)Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of income taxes) (Note 9)(2,043)350 
Net Income$281 $475 $1,179 $1,382 
Net Income (Loss)Net Income (Loss)$(1,840)$554 
Earnings Per Share of Common Stock:Earnings Per Share of Common Stock:Earnings Per Share of Common Stock:
Net Income Available to PPL Common Shareowners:    
Basic$0.37 $0.66 $1.53 $1.91 
Diluted$0.37 $0.65 $1.53 $1.89 
Basic and Diluted Basic and Diluted
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations After Income TaxesIncome (Loss) from Continuing Operations After Income Taxes$0.26 $0.27 
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of income taxes)Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of income taxes)(2.65)0.45 
Net Income (Loss) Available to PPL Common ShareownersNet Income (Loss) Available to PPL Common Shareowners$(2.39)$0.72 
Weighted-Average Shares of Common Stock Outstanding
(in thousands)
Weighted-Average Shares of Common Stock Outstanding
(in thousands)
    
Weighted-Average Shares of Common Stock Outstanding
(in thousands)
  
BasicBasic768,786 722,259 768,502 721,693 Basic769,159 767,948 
DilutedDiluted769,660 731,151 769,270 730,677 Diluted770,710 768,738 
The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
PPL Corporation and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars)
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2020201920202019
Net income$281 $475 $1,179 $1,382 
Other comprehensive income (loss):  
Amounts arising during the period - gains (losses), net of tax (expense) benefit:  
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $0, $0, $1, $0643 (285)291 (368)
Qualifying derivatives, net of tax of $12, ($3), $4, ($7)(52)16 (16)32 
Defined benefit plans: 
Net actuarial gain (loss), net of tax of $5, $2, $6, $4(16)(5)(17)(10)
Reclassifications from AOCI - (gains) losses, net of tax expense (benefit):  
Qualifying derivatives, net of tax of ($12), $3, ($8), $348 (22)25 (25)
Defined benefit plans:  
Prior service costs, net of tax of ($1), ($1), ($1), ($1)0 2 
Net actuarial (gain) loss, net of tax of ($12), ($5), ($35), ($16)52 20 146 62 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)675 (276)431 (308)
Comprehensive income$956 $199 $1,610 $1,074 
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 20212020
Net income (loss)$(1,840)$554 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Amounts arising during the period - gains (losses), net of tax (expense) benefit:
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of ($80), $0303 (61)
Qualifying derivatives, net of tax of $16, ($2)(30)
Reclassifications from AOCI - (gains) losses, net of tax expense (benefit):
Qualifying derivatives, net of tax of ($14), $025 (3)
Defined benefit plans:
Prior service costs, net of tax of $0, $00 
Net actuarial (gain) loss, net of tax of ($22), ($12)40 47 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)338 (8)
Comprehensive income (loss)$(1,502)$546 
 
The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
PPL Corporation and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars)
Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
20202019 20212020
Cash Flows from Operating ActivitiesCash Flows from Operating Activities  Cash Flows from Operating Activities  
Net income$1,179 $1,382 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$(1,840)$554 
Loss (income) from discontinued operations (net of income taxes)Loss (income) from discontinued operations (net of income taxes)2,043 (350)
Income from continuing operations (net of income taxes)Income from continuing operations (net of income taxes)203 204 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activitiesAdjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities  
DepreciationDepreciation959 890 Depreciation267 250 
AmortizationAmortization47 60 Amortization11 
Defined benefit plans - (income) expenseDefined benefit plans - (income) expense(155)(198)Defined benefit plans - (income) expense4 
Deferred income taxes and investment tax creditsDeferred income taxes and investment tax credits355 257 Deferred income taxes and investment tax credits50 75 
Unrealized (gains) losses on derivatives, and other hedging activitiesUnrealized (gains) losses on derivatives, and other hedging activities98 (18)Unrealized (gains) losses on derivatives, and other hedging activities0 (4)
Stock-based compensation expenseStock-based compensation expense17 24 Stock-based compensation expense6 
OtherOther(6)(15)Other(5)
Change in current assets and current liabilitiesChange in current assets and current liabilities  Change in current assets and current liabilities  
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable(40)57 Accounts receivable(60)
Accounts payableAccounts payable(35)(116)Accounts payable(42)(42)
Unbilled revenuesUnbilled revenues126 58 Unbilled revenues76 62 
Fuel, materials and suppliesFuel, materials and supplies(8)Fuel, materials and supplies41 12 
PrepaymentsPrepayments(53)(53)Prepayments(76)(75)
Regulatory assets and liabilities, netRegulatory assets and liabilities, net(44)(62)Regulatory assets and liabilities, net29 (25)
Accrued interestAccrued interest86 74 Accrued interest69 66 
Other current liabilitiesOther current liabilities(29)(94)Other current liabilities(103)(132)
OtherOther20 (6)Other2 22 
Other operating activitiesOther operating activitiesOther operating activities
Defined benefit plans - fundingDefined benefit plans - funding(264)(281)Defined benefit plans - funding(33)(54)
Other assetsOther assets(7)(24)Other assets(74)42 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities1 (56)Other liabilities31 (13)
Net cash provided by operating activities - continuing operationsNet cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations396 413 
Net cash provided by operating activities - discontinued operationsNet cash provided by operating activities - discontinued operations267 279 
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities2,247 1,888 Net cash provided by operating activities663 692 
Cash Flows from Investing ActivitiesCash Flows from Investing Activities  Cash Flows from Investing Activities  
Expenditures for property, plant and equipmentExpenditures for property, plant and equipment(2,348)(2,197)Expenditures for property, plant and equipment(471)(616)
Purchase of investments0 (55)
Proceeds from the sale of investments2 63 
Other investing activitiesOther investing activities(12)(5)Other investing activities(1)(3)
Net cash used in investing activities - continuing operationsNet cash used in investing activities - continuing operations(472)(619)
Net cash used in investing activities - discontinued operationsNet cash used in investing activities - discontinued operations(263)(214)
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(2,358)(2,194)Net cash used in investing activities(735)(833)
Cash Flows from Financing ActivitiesCash Flows from Financing Activities  Cash Flows from Financing Activities  
Issuance of long-term debt1,598 1,465 
Retirement of long-term debt(975)(200)
Proceeds from project financingProceeds from project financing152 Proceeds from project financing5 
Issuance of common stockIssuance of common stock32 49 Issuance of common stock1 20 
Payment of common stock dividendsPayment of common stock dividends(956)(893)Payment of common stock dividends(320)(317)
Issuance of term loanIssuance of term loan300 Issuance of term loan0 200 
Retirement of term loanRetirement of term loan(300)
Retirement of commercial paperRetirement of commercial paper(73)
Net increase (decrease) in short-term debtNet increase (decrease) in short-term debt(94)(34)Net increase (decrease) in short-term debt752 388 
Other financing activitiesOther financing activities(24)(24)Other financing activities(10)(8)
Net cash provided by financing activities33 363 
Effect of Exchange Rates on Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash11 (10)
Net cash provided by financing activities - continuing operationsNet cash provided by financing activities - continuing operations55 283 
Net cash used in financing activities - discontinued operationsNet cash used in financing activities - discontinued operations(126)(43)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) financing activities(71)240 
Effect of Exchange Rates on Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash included in Discontinued OperationsEffect of Exchange Rates on Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash included in Discontinued Operations8 
Net (Increase) Decrease in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash included in Discontinued OperationsNet (Increase) Decrease in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash included in Discontinued Operations114 (23)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted CashNet Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash(67)47 Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash(21)77 
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at Beginning of PeriodCash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period836 643 Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period443 660 
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of PeriodCash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of Period$769 $690 Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of Period$422 $737 
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow InformationSupplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow InformationSupplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
Significant non-cash transactions:Significant non-cash transactions:Significant non-cash transactions:
Accrued expenditures for property, plant and equipment at September 30,$279 $363 
Accrued expenditures for intangible assets at September 30,$86 $67 
Accrued expenditures for property, plant and equipment at March 31,Accrued expenditures for property, plant and equipment at March 31,$229 $237 

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
PPL Corporation and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars, shares in thousands)
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
AssetsAssets  Assets  
Current AssetsCurrent Assets  Current Assets  
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$746 $815 Cash and cash equivalents$421 $442 
Accounts receivable (less reserve: 2020, $73; 2019, $58)  
Accounts receivable (less reserve: 2021, $72; 2020, $71)Accounts receivable (less reserve: 2021, $72; 2020, $71)  
CustomerCustomer742 687 Customer634 603 
OtherOther88 105 Other77 86 
Unbilled revenues (less reserve: 2020, $3; 2019, $0)382 504 
Unbilled revenues (less reserve: 2021, $3; 2020, $4)Unbilled revenues (less reserve: 2021, $3; 2020, $4)225 301 
Fuel, materials and suppliesFuel, materials and supplies351 332 Fuel, materials and supplies260 302 
PrepaymentsPrepayments134 79 Prepayments132 53 
Price risk management assets136 147 
Regulatory assetsRegulatory assets121 99 
Other current assetsOther current assets116 98 Other current assets32 31 
Current assets held for sale (Note 9)Current assets held for sale (Note 9)18,425 18,983 
Total Current AssetsTotal Current Assets2,695 2,767 Total Current Assets20,327 20,900 
Property, Plant and EquipmentProperty, Plant and Equipment  Property, Plant and Equipment  
Regulated utility plantRegulated utility plant45,058 42,709 Regulated utility plant29,354 29,040 
Less: accumulated depreciation - regulated utility plantLess: accumulated depreciation - regulated utility plant8,726 8,055 Less: accumulated depreciation - regulated utility plant6,156 6,008 
Regulated utility plant, netRegulated utility plant, net36,332 34,654 Regulated utility plant, net23,198 23,032 
Non-regulated property, plant and equipmentNon-regulated property, plant and equipment490 357 Non-regulated property, plant and equipment245 237 
Less: accumulated depreciation - non-regulated property, plant and equipmentLess: accumulated depreciation - non-regulated property, plant and equipment98 109 Less: accumulated depreciation - non-regulated property, plant and equipment38 37 
Non-regulated property, plant and equipment, netNon-regulated property, plant and equipment, net392 248 Non-regulated property, plant and equipment, net207 200 
Construction work in progressConstruction work in progress1,596 1,580 Construction work in progress1,292 1,268 
Property, Plant and Equipment, netProperty, Plant and Equipment, net38,320 36,482 Property, Plant and Equipment, net24,697 24,500 
Other Noncurrent AssetsOther Noncurrent Assets  Other Noncurrent Assets  
Regulatory assetsRegulatory assets1,450 1,492 Regulatory assets1,233 1,262 
GoodwillGoodwill3,283 3,198 Goodwill716 716 
Other intangiblesOther intangibles763 742 Other intangibles348 351 
Pension benefit assetPension benefit asset972 464 Pension benefit asset67 24 
Price risk management assets53 149 
Other noncurrent assetsOther noncurrent assets388 386 Other noncurrent assets393 363 
Total Other Noncurrent AssetsTotal Other Noncurrent Assets6,909 6,431 Total Other Noncurrent Assets2,757 2,716 
Total AssetsTotal Assets$47,924 $45,680 Total Assets$47,781 $48,116 
 
The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
PPL Corporation and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars, shares in thousands)
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
Liabilities and EquityLiabilities and Equity  Liabilities and Equity  
Current LiabilitiesCurrent Liabilities  Current Liabilities  
Short-term debtShort-term debt$1,368 $1,151 Short-term debt$1,547 $1,168 
Long-term debt due within one yearLong-term debt due within one year1,525 1,172 Long-term debt due within one year976 1,074 
Accounts payableAccounts payable864 956 Accounts payable660 745 
TaxesTaxes93 99 Taxes45 69 
InterestInterest385 294 Interest182 113 
DividendsDividends319 317 Dividends320 319 
Customer deposits298 261 
Regulatory liabilitiesRegulatory liabilities90 115 Regulatory liabilities130 79 
Other current liabilitiesOther current liabilities500 535 Other current liabilities387 465 
Current liabilities held for sale (Note 9)Current liabilities held for sale (Note 9)11,376 11,023 
Total Current LiabilitiesTotal Current Liabilities5,442 4,900 Total Current Liabilities15,623 15,055 
Long-term DebtLong-term Debt21,243 20,721 Long-term Debt13,715 13,615 
Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent LiabilitiesDeferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities  Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities  
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes3,569 3,088 Deferred income taxes3,370 2,536 
Investment tax creditsInvestment tax credits122 124 Investment tax credits121 122 
Accrued pension obligationsAccrued pension obligations485 587 Accrued pension obligations183 189 
Asset retirement obligationsAsset retirement obligations223 212 Asset retirement obligations130 132 
Regulatory liabilitiesRegulatory liabilities2,543 2,572 Regulatory liabilities2,526 2,530 
Other deferred credits and noncurrent liabilitiesOther deferred credits and noncurrent liabilities611 485 Other deferred credits and noncurrent liabilities559 564 
Total Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent LiabilitiesTotal Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities7,553 7,068 Total Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities6,889 6,073 
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Notes 7 and 11)Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Notes 7 and 11)Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Notes 7 and 11)00
EquityEquity  Equity  
Common stock - $0.01 par value (a)Common stock - $0.01 par value (a)8 Common stock - $0.01 par value (a)8 
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital12,260 12,214 Additional paid-in capital12,273 12,270 
Earnings reinvestedEarnings reinvested5,345 5,127 Earnings reinvested3,155 5,315 
Accumulated other comprehensive lossAccumulated other comprehensive loss(3,927)(4,358)Accumulated other comprehensive loss(3,882)(4,220)
Total EquityTotal Equity13,686 12,991 Total Equity11,554 13,373 
Total Liabilities and EquityTotal Liabilities and Equity$47,924 $45,680 Total Liabilities and Equity$47,781 $48,116 
 
(a)1,560,000 shares authorized; 768,797769,427 and 767,233768,907 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019.2020.

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
PPL Corporation and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars)  
Common
stock
shares
outstanding (a)
Common
stock
Additional
paid-in
capital
Earnings
reinvested
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss
Total Common
stock
shares
outstanding (a)
Common
stock
Additional
paid-in
capital
Earnings
reinvested
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss
Total
June 30, 2020768,783 $$12,255 $5,383 $(4,602)$13,044 
December 31, 2020December 31, 2020768,907 $$12,270 $5,315 $(4,220)$13,373 
Common stock issuedCommon stock issued14 Common stock issued520 16 16 
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensationStock-based compensation(13)(13)
Net income281 281 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)(1,840)(1,840)
Dividends and dividend equivalents (b)Dividends and dividend equivalents (b)(319)(319)Dividends and dividend equivalents (b)(320)(320)
Other comprehensive income (loss)Other comprehensive income (loss)675 675 Other comprehensive income (loss)338 338 
September 30, 2020768,797 $$12,260 $5,345 $(3,927)$13,686 
March 31, 2021March 31, 2021769,427 $$12,273 $3,155 $(3,882)$11,554 
December 31, 2019December 31, 2019767,233 $$12,214 $5,127 $(4,358)$12,991 December 31, 2019767,233 $$12,214 $5,127 $(4,358)$12,991 
Common stock issuedCommon stock issued1,564 48 48 Common stock issued1,033  34   34 
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation(2)(2)Stock-based compensation  (9)  (9)
Net income1,179 1,179 
Dividends and dividend equivalents (b)(959)(959)
Other comprehensive income (loss)431 431 
Adoption of financial instrument credit losses guidance cumulative effect adjustment (Note 2), net of tax of $0(2)(2)
September 30, 2020768,797 $$12,260 $5,345 $(3,927)$13,686 
June 30, 2019721,840 $$11,069 $4,903 $(3,996)$11,983 
Common stock issued467 14 14 
Stock-based compensation
Net income475 475 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)   554  554 
Dividends and dividend equivalents (b)Dividends and dividend equivalents (b)(298)(298)Dividends and dividend equivalents (b)   (319) (319)
Other comprehensive income (loss)Other comprehensive income (loss)(276)(276)Other comprehensive income (loss)    (8)(8)
Adoption of financial instrument credit losses guidance cumulative effect adjustmentAdoption of financial instrument credit losses guidance cumulative effect adjustment(2)(2)
March 31, 2020March 31, 2020768,266 $$12,239 $5,360 $(4,366)$13,241 
 
September 30, 2019722,307 $$11,087 $5,080 $(4,272)$11,902 
December 31, 2018720,323 $$11,021 $4,593 $(3,964)$11,657 
Common stock issued1,984  61   61 
Stock-based compensation    
Net income   1,382  1,382 
Dividends and dividend equivalents (b)   (895) (895)
Other comprehensive income (loss)    (308)(308)
September 30, 2019722,307 $$11,087 $5,080 $(4,272)$11,902 
 
(a)Shares in thousands. Each share entitles the holder to 1 vote on any question presented at any shareowners' meeting.
(b)Dividends declared per share of common stock were $0.4150 and $1.2450$0.415 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and $0.4125 and $1.2375 for the three and ninemonths ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020.

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
PPL Electric Utilities Corporation and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
2020201920202019 20212020
Operating RevenuesOperating Revenues$586 $590 $1,748 $1,756 Operating Revenues$605 $608 
Operating ExpensesOperating Expenses  Operating Expenses
OperationOperation  Operation
Energy purchasesEnergy purchases118 132 373 413 Energy purchases149 144 
Other operation and maintenanceOther operation and maintenance122 137 388 417 Other operation and maintenance128 137 
DepreciationDepreciation102 99 301 290 Depreciation108 98 
Taxes, other than incomeTaxes, other than income30 29 78 84 Taxes, other than income32 30 
Total Operating ExpensesTotal Operating Expenses372 397 1,140 1,204 Total Operating Expenses417 409 
Operating IncomeOperating Income214 193 608 552 Operating Income188 199 
Other Income (Expense) - netOther Income (Expense) - net7 15 18 Other Income (Expense) - net5 
Interest Income from AffiliateInterest Income from Affiliate1 2 Interest Income from Affiliate0 
Interest ExpenseInterest Expense44 43 130 126 Interest Expense43 44 
Income Before Income TaxesIncome Before Income Taxes178 158 495 447 Income Before Income Taxes150 159 
Income TaxesIncome Taxes44 40 125 114 Income Taxes37 41 
Net Income (a)Net Income (a)$134 $118 $370 $333 Net Income (a)$113 $118 
 
(a)Net income equals comprehensive income.

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
PPL Electric Utilities Corporation and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars)
Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
20202019 20212020
Cash Flows from Operating ActivitiesCash Flows from Operating Activities  Cash Flows from Operating Activities  
Net incomeNet income$370 $333 Net income$113 $118 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activitiesAdjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities  
DepreciationDepreciation301 290 Depreciation108 98 
AmortizationAmortization21 18 Amortization6 
Defined benefit plans - expense (income)Defined benefit plans - expense (income)(1)Defined benefit plans - expense (income)(3)(1)
Deferred income taxes and investment tax creditsDeferred income taxes and investment tax credits68 70 Deferred income taxes and investment tax credits13 32 
OtherOther0 (14)Other(4)
Change in current assets and current liabilitiesChange in current assets and current liabilities  Change in current assets and current liabilities  
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable(35)34 Accounts receivable(37)(26)
Accounts payableAccounts payable(7)(46)Accounts payable(9)(20)
Unbilled revenuesUnbilled revenues54 28 Unbilled revenues37 34 
Materials and supplies(23)(7)
PrepaymentsPrepayments(30)(36)Prepayments(78)(76)
Regulatory assets and liabilities, netRegulatory assets and liabilities, net(31)(42)Regulatory assets and liabilities, net39 (11)
Taxes payable4 (4)
OtherOther(3)(13)Other(14)(21)
Other operating activitiesOther operating activities  Other operating activities  
Defined benefit plans - fundingDefined benefit plans - funding(21)(21)Defined benefit plans - funding(21)(21)
Other assetsOther assets(20)11 Other assets(27)
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities9 Other liabilities(2)
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities656 609 Net cash provided by operating activities121 132 
Cash Flows from Investing ActivitiesCash Flows from Investing Activities  Cash Flows from Investing Activities  
Expenditures for property, plant and equipmentExpenditures for property, plant and equipment(840)(815)Expenditures for property, plant and equipment(223)(280)
Expenditures for intangible assetsExpenditures for intangible assets(5)(4)Expenditures for intangible assets(1)(1)
Increase in notes receivable from affiliate (546)
Other investing activitiesOther investing activities1 Other investing activities2 
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(844)(1,361)Net cash used in investing activities(222)(281)
Cash Flows from Financing ActivitiesCash Flows from Financing Activities  Cash Flows from Financing Activities  
Issuance of long-term debt0 393 
Contributions from parent740 400 
Return of capital to parent(745)
Payment of common stock dividends to parentPayment of common stock dividends to parent(323)(276)Payment of common stock dividends to parent(115)(165)
Net increase in short-term debtNet increase in short-term debt280 Net increase in short-term debt205 85 
Other financing activities0 (5)
Net cash used in financing activities(48)512 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) financing activities90 (80)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted CashNet Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash(236)(240)Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash(11)(229)
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at Beginning of PeriodCash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period264 269 Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period40 264 
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of PeriodCash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of Period$28 $29 Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of Period$29 $35 
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow InformationSupplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow InformationSupplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Significant non-cash transactions:Significant non-cash transactions:Significant non-cash transactions:
Accrued expenditures for property, plant and equipment at September 30,$150 $168 
Accrued expenditures for property, plant and equipment at March 31,Accrued expenditures for property, plant and equipment at March 31,$143 $158 

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
PPL Electric Utilities Corporation and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars, shares in thousands)
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
AssetsAssets  Assets  
Current AssetsCurrent Assets  Current Assets  
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$26 $262 Cash and cash equivalents$29 $40 
Accounts receivable (less reserve: 2020, $38; 2019, $28)  
Accounts receivable (less reserve: 2021, $41; 2020, $41)Accounts receivable (less reserve: 2021, $41; 2020, $41)  
CustomerCustomer298 258 Customer346 311 
OtherOther18 22 Other19 17 
Accounts receivable from affiliatesAccounts receivable from affiliates10 11 Accounts receivable from affiliates10 10 
Unbilled revenues (less reserve: 2020, $1; 2019, $0)80 134 
Unbilled revenues (less reserve: 2021, $1; 2020, $2)Unbilled revenues (less reserve: 2021, $1; 2020, $2)84 121 
Materials and suppliesMaterials and supplies64 33 Materials and supplies59 59 
PrepaymentsPrepayments36 Prepayments87 
Regulatory assetsRegulatory assets28 26 Regulatory assets47 40 
Other current assetsOther current assets15 Other current assets15 13 
Total Current AssetsTotal Current Assets575 761 Total Current Assets696 620 
Property, Plant and EquipmentProperty, Plant and Equipment  Property, Plant and Equipment  
Regulated utility plantRegulated utility plant13,240 12,589 Regulated utility plant13,680 13,514 
Less: accumulated depreciation - regulated utility plantLess: accumulated depreciation - regulated utility plant3,276 3,078 Less: accumulated depreciation - regulated utility plant3,348 3,297 
Regulated utility plant, netRegulated utility plant, net9,964 9,511 Regulated utility plant, net10,332 10,217 
Construction work in progressConstruction work in progress635 597 Construction work in progress588 592 
Property, Plant and Equipment, netProperty, Plant and Equipment, net10,599 10,108 Property, Plant and Equipment, net10,920 10,809 
Other Noncurrent AssetsOther Noncurrent Assets  Other Noncurrent Assets  
Regulatory assetsRegulatory assets708 726 Regulatory assets525 541 
IntangiblesIntangibles265 263 Intangibles268 268 
Pension benefit assetPension benefit asset42 12 
Other noncurrent assetsOther noncurrent assets66 43 Other noncurrent assets103 74 
Total Other Noncurrent AssetsTotal Other Noncurrent Assets1,039 1,032 Total Other Noncurrent Assets938 895 
Total AssetsTotal Assets$12,213 $11,901 Total Assets$12,554 $12,324 
 
The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
PPL Electric Utilities Corporation and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars, shares in thousands)
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
Liabilities and EquityLiabilities and Equity  Liabilities and Equity  
Current LiabilitiesCurrent Liabilities  Current Liabilities  
Short-term debtShort-term debt$280 $Short-term debt$205 $
Long-term debt due within one yearLong-term debt due within one year400 Long-term debt due within one year400 400 
Accounts payableAccounts payable394 438 Accounts payable375 428 
Accounts payable to affiliatesAccounts payable to affiliates39 32 Accounts payable to affiliates71 39 
TaxesTaxes17 13 Taxes10 17 
InterestInterest47 41 Interest45 39 
Regulatory liabilitiesRegulatory liabilities73 96 Regulatory liabilities114 68 
Other current liabilitiesOther current liabilities88 93 Other current liabilities94 105 
Total Current LiabilitiesTotal Current Liabilities1,338 713 Total Current Liabilities1,314 1,096 
Long-term DebtLong-term Debt3,587 3,985 Long-term Debt3,837 3,836 
Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent LiabilitiesDeferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities  Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities  
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes1,539 1,447 Deferred income taxes1,579 1,559 
Accrued pension obligationsAccrued pension obligations151 179 Accrued pension obligations8 
Regulatory liabilitiesRegulatory liabilities582 599 Regulatory liabilities573 578 
Other deferred credits and noncurrent liabilitiesOther deferred credits and noncurrent liabilities142 146 Other deferred credits and noncurrent liabilities121 123 
Total Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent LiabilitiesTotal Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities2,414 2,371 Total Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities2,281 2,268 
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Notes 7 and 11)Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Notes 7 and 11)Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Notes 7 and 11)00
EquityEquity  Equity  
Common stock - 0 par value (a)Common stock - 0 par value (a)364 364 Common stock - 0 par value (a)364 364 
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital3,553 3,558 Additional paid-in capital3,753 3,753 
Earnings reinvestedEarnings reinvested957 910 Earnings reinvested1,005 1,007 
Total EquityTotal Equity4,874 4,832 Total Equity5,122 5,124 
Total Liabilities and EquityTotal Liabilities and Equity$12,213 $11,901 Total Liabilities and Equity$12,554 $12,324 
 
(a)170,000 shares authorized; 66,368 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019.2020.

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
PPL Electric Utilities Corporation and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars)
 Common
stock
shares
outstanding
(a)
Common
stock
Additional
paid-in
capital
Earnings
reinvested
Total
June 30, 202066,368 $364 $3,553 $900 $4,817 
Net income134 134 
Capital contributions from parent485 485 
Return of capital to parent(485)(485)
Dividends declared on common stock(77)(77)
September 30, 202066,368 $364 $3,553 $957 $4,874 
December 31, 201966,368 $364 $3,558 $910 $4,832 
Net income370 370 
Capital contributions from parent740 740 
Return of capital to parent(745)(745)
Dividends declared on common stock(323)(323)
September 30, 202066,368 $364 $3,553 $957 $4,874 
June 30, 201966,368 $364 $3,158 $939 $4,461 
Net income118 118 
Capital contributions from parent400 400 
Dividends declared on common stock(61)(61)
September 30, 201966,368 $364 $3,558 $996 $4,918 
December 31, 201866,368 $364 $3,158 $939 $4,461 
Net income333 333 
Capital contributions from parent400 400 
Dividends declared on common stock(276)(276)
September 30, 201966,368 $364 $3,558 $996 $4,918 
 Common
stock
shares
outstanding
(a)
Common
stock
Additional
paid-in
capital
Earnings
reinvested
Total
December 31, 202066,368 $364 $3,753 $1,007 $5,124 
Net income113 113 
Dividends declared on common stock(115)(115)
March 31, 202166,368 $364 $3,753 $1,005 $5,122 
December 31, 201966,368 $364 $3,558 $910 $4,832 
Net income118 118 
Dividends declared on common stock(165)(165)
March 31, 202066,368 $364 $3,558 $863 $4,785 
 
(a)Shares in thousands. All common shares of PPL Electric stock are owned by PPL.

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
LG&E and KU Energy LLC and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
2020201920202019 20212020
Operating RevenuesOperating Revenues$806 $844 $2,331 $2,421 Operating Revenues$885 $825 
Operating ExpensesOperating Expenses    Operating Expenses  
OperationOperation    Operation  
FuelFuel177 194 478 556 Fuel177 163 
Energy purchasesEnergy purchases18 19 97 125 Energy purchases71 57 
Other operation and maintenanceOther operation and maintenance205 205 616 627 Other operation and maintenance220 204 
DepreciationDepreciation152 144 452 402 Depreciation156 149 
Taxes, other than incomeTaxes, other than income21 19 57 55 Taxes, other than income21 18 
Total Operating ExpensesTotal Operating Expenses573 581 1,700 1,765 Total Operating Expenses645 591 
Operating IncomeOperating Income233 263 631 656 Operating Income240 234 
Other Income (Expense) - net1 3 
Interest ExpenseInterest Expense56 57 172 169 Interest Expense51 58 
Interest Expense with AffiliateInterest Expense with Affiliate10 25 23 Interest Expense with Affiliate13 
Income Before Income TaxesIncome Before Income Taxes168 201 437 466 Income Before Income Taxes176 169 
Income TaxesIncome Taxes31 43 82 78 Income Taxes30 34 
Net Income (a)Net Income (a)$137 $158 $355 $388 Net Income (a)$146 $135 
 
(a)Net income approximates comprehensive income.

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
LG&E and KU Energy LLC and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2020201920202019
Net income$137 $158 $355 $388 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Amounts arising during the period - gains (losses), net of tax (expense) benefit:
Defined benefit plans:
Net actuarial gain (loss), net of tax of $3, $0, $3, $0(8)(9)(2)
Reclassifications from AOCI - (gains) losses, net of tax expense (benefit):
Defined benefit plans:
Prior service costs, net of tax of $0, $0, $0, $00 1 
Net actuarial (gain) loss, net of tax of $2, $0, $3, $05 7 (1)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)(3)(1)(2)
Comprehensive income$134 $158 $354 $386 

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
LG&E and KU Energy LLC and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars)
Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
20202019 20212020
Cash Flows from Operating ActivitiesCash Flows from Operating Activities  Cash Flows from Operating Activities  
Net incomeNet income$355 $388 Net income$146 $135 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activitiesAdjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities  
DepreciationDepreciation452 402 Depreciation156 149 
AmortizationAmortization14 20 Amortization4 
Defined benefit plans - expenseDefined benefit plans - expense11 Defined benefit plans - expense5 
Deferred income taxes and investment tax creditsDeferred income taxes and investment tax credits58 78 Deferred income taxes and investment tax credits20 31 
Other(1)(2)
Change in current assets and current liabilitiesChange in current assets and current liabilities  Change in current assets and current liabilities  
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable(8)13 Accounts receivable3 20 
Accounts payableAccounts payable(20)(34)Accounts payable(4)(18)
Accounts payable to affiliatesAccounts payable to affiliates7 Accounts payable to affiliates9 
Unbilled revenuesUnbilled revenues37 Unbilled revenues39 27 
Fuel, materials and suppliesFuel, materials and supplies21 16 Fuel, materials and supplies42 24 
Regulatory assets and liabilities, netRegulatory assets and liabilities, net(15)(19)Regulatory assets and liabilities, net(10)(14)
Taxes payableTaxes payable0 (7)Taxes payable(18)(27)
Accrued interestAccrued interest42 57 Accrued interest45 51 
OtherOther(32)(31)Other(51)(37)
Other operating activitiesOther operating activities  Other operating activities  
Defined benefit plans - fundingDefined benefit plans - funding(28)(34)Defined benefit plans - funding(2)(23)
Expenditures for asset retirement obligationsExpenditures for asset retirement obligations(59)(67)Expenditures for asset retirement obligations(15)(15)
Other assetsOther assets(2)(4)Other assets1 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities40 17 Other liabilities6 
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities872 813 Net cash provided by operating activities376 320 
Cash Flows from Investing ActivitiesCash Flows from Investing Activities  Cash Flows from Investing Activities  
Expenditures for property, plant and equipmentExpenditures for property, plant and equipment(710)(761)Expenditures for property, plant and equipment(238)(255)
Other investing activities3 
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(707)(761)Net cash used in investing activities(238)(255)
Cash Flows from Financing ActivitiesCash Flows from Financing Activities  Cash Flows from Financing Activities  
Net increase in notes payable with affiliateNet increase in notes payable with affiliate3 16 Net increase in notes payable with affiliate(24)92 
Issuance of long-term debt with affiliate550 
Issuance of long-term debt498 705 
Retirement of long-term debt(975)(200)
Acquisition of outstanding bonds0 (40)
Remarketing of reacquired bonds0 40 
Net decrease in short-term debt(43)(413)
Net increase (decrease) in short-term debtNet increase (decrease) in short-term debt8 (85)
Retirement of commercial paperRetirement of commercial paper(73)
Distributions to memberDistributions to member(194)(206)Distributions to member(62)(52)
Contributions from member0 63 
Other financing activities(6)(11)
Net cash used in financing activitiesNet cash used in financing activities(167)(46)Net cash used in financing activities(151)(45)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash EquivalentsNet Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents(2)Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents(13)20 
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of PeriodCash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period27 24 Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period29 27 
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of PeriodCash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period$25 $30 Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period$16 $47 
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow InformationSupplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow InformationSupplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Significant non-cash transactions:Significant non-cash transactions:Significant non-cash transactions:
Accrued expenditures for property, plant and equipment at September 30,$78 $107 
Accrued expenditures for property, plant and equipment at March 31,Accrued expenditures for property, plant and equipment at March 31,$86 $78 

 The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
LG&E and KU Energy LLC and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars)
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
AssetsAssets  Assets  
Current AssetsCurrent Assets  Current Assets  
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$25 $27 Cash and cash equivalents$16 $29 
Accounts receivable (less reserve: 2020, $30; 2019, $28)  
Accounts receivable (less reserve: 2021, $30; 2020, $30)Accounts receivable (less reserve: 2021, $30; 2020, $30)  
CustomerCustomer269 260 Customer282 283 
OtherOther63 71 Other52 69 
Unbilled revenues (less reserve: 2020, $1; 2019, $0)127 164 
Unbilled revenues (less reserve: 2021, $2; 2020, $2)Unbilled revenues (less reserve: 2021, $2; 2020, $2)137 176 
Fuel, materials and suppliesFuel, materials and supplies230 250 Fuel, materials and supplies200 242 
PrepaymentsPrepayments34 30 Prepayments27 30 
Regulatory assetsRegulatory assets54 41 Regulatory assets74 59 
Other current assetsOther current assets1 Other current assets1 
Total Current AssetsTotal Current Assets803 845 Total Current Assets789 892 
Property, Plant and EquipmentProperty, Plant and Equipment  Property, Plant and Equipment  
Regulated utility plantRegulated utility plant15,259 14,646 Regulated utility plant15,706 15,557 
Less: accumulated depreciation - regulated utility plantLess: accumulated depreciation - regulated utility plant2,627 2,356 Less: accumulated depreciation - regulated utility plant2,816 2,717 
Regulated utility plant, netRegulated utility plant, net12,632 12,290 Regulated utility plant, net12,890 12,840 
Construction work in progressConstruction work in progress735 794 Construction work in progress669 640 
Property, Plant and Equipment, netProperty, Plant and Equipment, net13,367 13,084 Property, Plant and Equipment, net13,559 13,480 
Other Noncurrent AssetsOther Noncurrent Assets  Other Noncurrent Assets  
Regulatory assetsRegulatory assets742 766 Regulatory assets708 721 
GoodwillGoodwill996 996 Goodwill996 996 
Other intangiblesOther intangibles63 69 Other intangibles59 61 
Other noncurrent assetsOther noncurrent assets117 171 Other noncurrent assets127 127 
Total Other Noncurrent AssetsTotal Other Noncurrent Assets1,918 2,002 Total Other Noncurrent Assets1,890 1,905 
Total AssetsTotal Assets$16,088 $15,931 Total Assets$16,238 $16,277 
 
The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
LG&E and KU Energy LLC and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars)
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
Liabilities and EquityLiabilities and Equity  Liabilities and Equity  
Current LiabilitiesCurrent Liabilities  Current Liabilities  
Short-term debtShort-term debt$345 $388 Short-term debt$400 $465 
Long-term debt due within one yearLong-term debt due within one year424 975 Long-term debt due within one year476 674 
Notes payable with affiliatesNotes payable with affiliates153 150 Notes payable with affiliates227 251 
Accounts payableAccounts payable253 316 Accounts payable261 294 
Accounts payable to affiliatesAccounts payable to affiliates18 11 Accounts payable to affiliates25 16 
Customer depositsCustomer deposits64 62 Customer deposits64 64 
TaxesTaxes58 58 Taxes53 71 
Price risk management liabilitiesPrice risk management liabilities2 Price risk management liabilities1 
Regulatory liabilitiesRegulatory liabilities17 19 Regulatory liabilities16 11 
InterestInterest82 40 Interest82 37 
Asset retirement obligationsAsset retirement obligations44 70 Asset retirement obligations41 50 
Other current liabilitiesOther current liabilities134 153 Other current liabilities108 162 
Total Current LiabilitiesTotal Current Liabilities1,594 2,246 Total Current Liabilities1,754 2,097 
Long-term DebtLong-term Debt  Long-term Debt  
Long-term debtLong-term debt4,449 4,377 Long-term debt4,399 4,200 
Long-term debt to affiliateLong-term debt to affiliate1,200 650 Long-term debt to affiliate1,200 1,200 
Total Long-term DebtTotal Long-term Debt5,649 5,027 Total Long-term Debt5,599 5,400 
Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent LiabilitiesDeferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities  Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities  
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes1,156 1,069 Deferred income taxes1,208 1,175 
Investment tax creditsInvestment tax credits122 124 Investment tax credits121 121 
Price risk management liabilitiesPrice risk management liabilities24 17 Price risk management liabilities16 21 
Accrued pension obligationsAccrued pension obligations163 233 Accrued pension obligations106 112 
Asset retirement obligationsAsset retirement obligations163 145 Asset retirement obligations130 132 
Regulatory liabilitiesRegulatory liabilities1,961 1,973 Regulatory liabilities1,953 1,952 
Other deferred credits and noncurrent liabilitiesOther deferred credits and noncurrent liabilities154 155 Other deferred credits and noncurrent liabilities148 151 
Total Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent LiabilitiesTotal Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities3,743 3,716 Total Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities3,682 3,664 
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Notes 7 and 11)Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Notes 7 and 11)Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Notes 7 and 11)00
Member's EquityMember's Equity5,102 4,942 Member's Equity5,203 5,116 
Total Liabilities and EquityTotal Liabilities and Equity$16,088 $15,931 Total Liabilities and Equity$16,238 $16,277 
 
The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
LG&E and KU Energy LLC and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars)
 Member's
Equity
June 30,December 31, 2020$5,0225,116 
Net income137146 
Distributions to member(54)(62)
Other comprehensive income (loss)(3)
September 30, 2020March 31, 2021$5,1025,203 
December 31, 2019$4,942 
Net income355135 
Distributions to member(194)
Other comprehensive income (loss)(1)
September 30, 2020$5,102 
June 30, 2019$4,877 
Net income158 
Distributions to member(69)
September 30, 2019$4,966 
December 31, 2018$4,723 
Net income388 
Contributions from member63 
Distributions to member(206)(52)
Other comprehensive income(2)
September 30, 2019March 31, 2020$4,9665,026 
 
The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.
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CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Louisville Gas and Electric Company
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
2020201920202019 20212020
Operating RevenuesOperating Revenues  Operating Revenues
Retail and wholesaleRetail and wholesale$362 $380 $1,075 $1,105 Retail and wholesale$421 $393 
Electric revenue from affiliateElectric revenue from affiliate1 17 21 Electric revenue from affiliate7 14 
Total Operating RevenuesTotal Operating Revenues363 382 1,092 1,126 Total Operating Revenues428 407 
Operating ExpensesOperating Expenses    Operating Expenses  
OperationOperation    Operation  
FuelFuel64 79 188 226 Fuel67 74 
Energy purchasesEnergy purchases13 14 83 110 Energy purchases66 52 
Energy purchases from affiliateEnergy purchases from affiliate8 16 Energy purchases from affiliate5 
Other operation and maintenanceOther operation and maintenance93 92 277 282 Other operation and maintenance96 92 
DepreciationDepreciation64 61 193 168 Depreciation66 64 
Taxes, other than incomeTaxes, other than income11 10 30 29 Taxes, other than income11 10 
Total Operating ExpensesTotal Operating Expenses253 258 787 821 Total Operating Expenses311 292 
Operating IncomeOperating Income110 124 305 305 Operating Income117 115 
Other Income (Expense) - netOther Income (Expense) - net(1)(1)(1)Other Income (Expense) - net(2)(1)
Interest ExpenseInterest Expense22 22 66 65 Interest Expense21 22 
Income Before Income TaxesIncome Before Income Taxes87 102 238 239 Income Before Income Taxes94 92 
Income TaxesIncome Taxes16 22 47 51 Income Taxes19 19 
Net Income (a)Net Income (a)$71 $80 $191 $188 Net Income (a)$75 $73 
 
(a)Net income equals comprehensive income.

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.

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CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Louisville Gas and Electric Company
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars)
Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
20202019 20212020
Cash Flows from Operating ActivitiesCash Flows from Operating Activities  Cash Flows from Operating Activities  
Net incomeNet income$191 $188 Net income$75 $73 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activitiesAdjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities  
DepreciationDepreciation193 168 Depreciation66 64 
AmortizationAmortization6 13 Amortization2 
Defined benefit plans - expenseDefined benefit plans - expense2 Defined benefit plans - expense1 
Deferred income taxes and investment tax creditsDeferred income taxes and investment tax credits1 45 Deferred income taxes and investment tax credits(1)
Other0 
Change in current assets and current liabilitiesChange in current assets and current liabilities  Change in current assets and current liabilities  
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable6 13 Accounts receivable(1)14 
Accounts receivable from affiliatesAccounts receivable from affiliates7 Accounts receivable from affiliates(3)(6)
Accounts payableAccounts payable(23)(10)Accounts payable8 (12)
Accounts payable to affiliatesAccounts payable to affiliates(8)(5)Accounts payable to affiliates(5)(4)
Unbilled revenuesUnbilled revenues22 Unbilled revenues19 11 
Fuel, materials and suppliesFuel, materials and supplies9 Fuel, materials and supplies28 27 
Regulatory assets and liabilities, netRegulatory assets and liabilities, net5 (5)Regulatory assets and liabilities, net(10)(2)
Taxes payableTaxes payable(1)Taxes payable4 
Accrued interestAccrued interest18 22 Accrued interest18 18 
OtherOther(13)(15)Other(17)(10)
Other operating activitiesOther operating activities  Other operating activities  
Defined benefit plans - fundingDefined benefit plans - funding(6)(6)Defined benefit plans - funding(1)(4)
Expenditures for asset retirement obligationsExpenditures for asset retirement obligations(12)(22)Expenditures for asset retirement obligations(6)(4)
Other assetsOther assets(1)(1)Other assets0 (1)
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities23 10 Other liabilities4 
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities419 417 Net cash provided by operating activities181 171 
Cash Flows from Investing ActivitiesCash Flows from Investing Activities  Cash Flows from Investing Activities  
Expenditures for property, plant and equipmentExpenditures for property, plant and equipment(329)(323)Expenditures for property, plant and equipment(111)(117)
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(329)(323)Net cash used in investing activities(111)(117)
Cash Flows from Financing ActivitiesCash Flows from Financing Activities  Cash Flows from Financing Activities  
Net increase in notes payable with affiliatesNet increase in notes payable with affiliates0 21 
Issuance of long-term debt0 399 
Retirement of long-term debt0 (200)
Acquisition of outstanding bonds0 (40)
Remarketing of reacquired bonds
0 40 
Net decrease in short-term debt(32)(180)
Net increase (decrease) in short-term debtNet increase (decrease) in short-term debt31 (79)
Retirement of commercial paperRetirement of commercial paper(41)
Payment of common stock dividends to parentPayment of common stock dividends to parent(115)(130)Payment of common stock dividends to parent(60)(29)
Contributions from parentContributions from parent53 25 Contributions from parent0 25 
Other financing activities(1)(6)
Net cash used in financing activitiesNet cash used in financing activities(95)(92)Net cash used in financing activities(70)(62)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash EquivalentsNet Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents(5)Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents0 (8)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of PeriodCash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period15 10 Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period7 15 
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of PeriodCash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period$10 $12 Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period$7 $
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow InformationSupplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow InformationSupplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Significant non-cash transactions:Significant non-cash transactions:Significant non-cash transactions:
Accrued expenditures for property, plant and equipment at September 30,$43 $53 
Accrued expenditures for property, plant and equipment at March 31,Accrued expenditures for property, plant and equipment at March 31,$46 $39 
 
The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.
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CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
Louisville Gas and Electric Company
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars, shares in thousands)
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
AssetsAssets  Assets  
Current AssetsCurrent Assets  Current Assets  
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$10 $15 Cash and cash equivalents$7 $
Accounts receivable (less reserve: 2020, $2; 2019, $1)  
Accounts receivable (less reserve: 2021, $2; 2020, $2)Accounts receivable (less reserve: 2021, $2; 2020, $2)  
CustomerCustomer118 121 Customer129 127 
OtherOther31 41 Other25 35 
Unbilled revenues (less reserve: 2020, $0; 2019, $0)54 76 
Unbilled revenues (less reserve: 2021, $1; 2020, $1)Unbilled revenues (less reserve: 2021, $1; 2020, $1)60 79 
Accounts receivable from affiliatesAccounts receivable from affiliates12 18 Accounts receivable from affiliates19 16 
Fuel, materials and suppliesFuel, materials and supplies113 122 Fuel, materials and supplies91 119 
PrepaymentsPrepayments16 14 Prepayments13 14 
Regulatory assetsRegulatory assets23 25 Regulatory assets36 23 
Other current assetsOther current assets2 Other current assets1 
Total Current AssetsTotal Current Assets379 433 Total Current Assets381 421 
Property, Plant and EquipmentProperty, Plant and Equipment  Property, Plant and Equipment  
Regulated utility plantRegulated utility plant6,571 6,372 Regulated utility plant6,805 6,735 
Less: accumulated depreciation - regulated utility plantLess: accumulated depreciation - regulated utility plant978 846 Less: accumulated depreciation - regulated utility plant1,056 1,020 
Regulated utility plant, netRegulated utility plant, net5,593 5,526 Regulated utility plant, net5,749 5,715 
Construction work in progressConstruction work in progress366 297 Construction work in progress319 320 
Property, Plant and Equipment, netProperty, Plant and Equipment, net5,959 5,823 Property, Plant and Equipment, net6,068 6,035 
Other Noncurrent AssetsOther Noncurrent Assets  Other Noncurrent Assets  
Regulatory assetsRegulatory assets360 380 Regulatory assets339 351 
GoodwillGoodwill389 389 Goodwill389 389 
Other intangiblesOther intangibles37 41 Other intangibles34 35 
Other noncurrent assetsOther noncurrent assets97 67 Other noncurrent assets117 114 
Total Other Noncurrent AssetsTotal Other Noncurrent Assets883 877 Total Other Noncurrent Assets879 889 
Total AssetsTotal Assets$7,221 $7,133 Total Assets$7,328 $7,345 
 
The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.
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CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
Louisville Gas and Electric Company
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars, shares in thousands)
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
Liabilities and EquityLiabilities and Equity  Liabilities and Equity  
Current LiabilitiesCurrent Liabilities  Current Liabilities  
Short-term debtShort-term debt$206 $238 Short-term debt$252 $262 
Long-term debt due within one yearLong-term debt due within one year292 Long-term debt due within one year94 292 
Accounts payableAccounts payable125 172 Accounts payable137 153 
Accounts payable to affiliatesAccounts payable to affiliates26 31 Accounts payable to affiliates27 31 
Customer depositsCustomer deposits32 31 Customer deposits31 32 
TaxesTaxes32 33 Taxes36 32 
Price risk management liabilitiesPrice risk management liabilities2 Price risk management liabilities1 
Regulatory liabilitiesRegulatory liabilities5 Regulatory liabilities3 
InterestInterest33 15 Interest33 15 
Asset retirement obligationsAsset retirement obligations14 24 Asset retirement obligations14 10 
Other current liabilitiesOther current liabilities40 47 Other current liabilities33 50 
Total Current LiabilitiesTotal Current Liabilities807 597 Total Current Liabilities661 879 
Long-term DebtLong-term Debt1,714 2,005 Long-term Debt1,913 1,715 
Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent LiabilitiesDeferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities  Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities  
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes712 697 Deferred income taxes719 716 
Investment tax creditsInvestment tax credits33 34 Investment tax credits33 33 
Price risk management liabilitiesPrice risk management liabilities24 17 Price risk management liabilities16 21 
Asset retirement obligationsAsset retirement obligations63 49 Asset retirement obligations48 57 
Regulatory liabilitiesRegulatory liabilities885 883 Regulatory liabilities881 882 
Other deferred credits and noncurrent liabilitiesOther deferred credits and noncurrent liabilities92 89 Other deferred credits and noncurrent liabilities94 94 
Total Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent LiabilitiesTotal Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities1,809 1,769 Total Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities1,791 1,803 
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Notes 7 and 11)Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Notes 7 and 11)Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Notes 7 and 11)00
Stockholder's EquityStockholder's Equity  Stockholder's Equity  
Common stock - 0 par value (a)Common stock - 0 par value (a)424 424 Common stock - 0 par value (a)424 424 
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital1,873 1,820 Additional paid-in capital1,923 1,923 
Earnings reinvestedEarnings reinvested594 518 Earnings reinvested616 601 
Total EquityTotal Equity2,891 2,762 Total Equity2,963 2,948 
Total Liabilities and EquityTotal Liabilities and Equity$7,221 $7,133 Total Liabilities and Equity$7,328 $7,345 
 
(a)75,000 shares authorized; 21,294 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019.2020.

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.

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CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
Louisville Gas and Electric Company
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars)
Common
stock
shares
outstanding
(a)
Common
stock
Additional
paid-in
capital
Earnings
reinvested
Total Common
stock
shares
outstanding
(a)
Common
stock
Additional
paid-in
capital
Earnings
reinvested
Total
June 30, 202021,294 $424 $1,873 $562 $2,859 
December 31, 2020December 31, 202021,294 $424 $1,923 $601 $2,948 
Net incomeNet income71 71 Net income75 75 
Cash dividends declared on common stockCash dividends declared on common stock(39)(39)Cash dividends declared on common stock(60)(60)
September 30, 202021,294 $424 $1,873 $594 $2,891 
March 31, 2021March 31, 202121,294 $424 $1,923 $616 $2,963 
December 31, 2019December 31, 201921,294 $424 $1,820 $518 $2,762 December 31, 201921,294 $424 $1,820 $518 $2,762 
Net incomeNet income191 191 Net income73 73 
Capital contributions from parentCapital contributions from parent53 53 Capital contributions from parent25 25 
Cash dividends declared on common stockCash dividends declared on common stock(115)(115)Cash dividends declared on common stock(29)(29)
September 30, 202021,294 $424 $1,873 $594 $2,891 
June 30, 201921,294 $424 $1,820 $505 $2,749 
Net income80 80 
Cash dividends declared on common stock(59)(59)
September 30, 201921,294 $424 $1,820 $526 $2,770 
December 31, 201821,294 $424 $1,795 $468 $2,687 
Net income188 188 
Capital contributions from parent25 25 
Cash dividends declared on common stock(130)(130)
September 30, 201921,294 $424 $1,820 $526 $2,770 
March 31, 2020March 31, 202021,294 $424 $1,845 $562 $2,831 
 
(a)Shares in thousands. All common shares of LG&E stock are owned by LKE.

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.

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CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Kentucky Utilities Company
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
2020201920202019 20212020
Operating RevenuesOperating Revenues  Operating Revenues
Retail and wholesaleRetail and wholesale$444 $464 $1,256 $1,316 Retail and wholesale$464 $432 
Electric revenue from affiliateElectric revenue from affiliate8 16 Electric revenue from affiliate5 
Total Operating RevenuesTotal Operating Revenues452 466 1,272 1,322 Total Operating Revenues469 432 
Operating ExpensesOperating Expenses    Operating Expenses  
OperationOperation    Operation  
FuelFuel113 115 290 330 Fuel110 89 
Energy purchasesEnergy purchases5 14 15 Energy purchases5 
Energy purchases from affiliateEnergy purchases from affiliate1 17 21 Energy purchases from affiliate7 14 
Other operation and maintenanceOther operation and maintenance105 107 316 320 Other operation and maintenance115 104 
DepreciationDepreciation88 83 258 233 Depreciation89 84 
Taxes, other than incomeTaxes, other than income10 27 26 Taxes, other than income10 
Total Operating ExpensesTotal Operating Expenses322 321 922 945 Total Operating Expenses336 305 
Operating IncomeOperating Income130 145 350 377 Operating Income133 127 
Other Income (Expense) - netOther Income (Expense) - net1 2 Other Income (Expense) - net1 
Interest ExpenseInterest Expense28 28 85 82 Interest Expense27 28 
Income Before Income TaxesIncome Before Income Taxes103 121 267 299 Income Before Income Taxes107 100 
Income TaxesIncome Taxes19 26 50 62 Income Taxes21 20 
Net Income (a)Net Income (a)$84 $95 $217 $237 Net Income (a)$86 $80 
 
(a)Net income equals comprehensive income.

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.

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CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Kentucky Utilities Company
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars)
Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
20202019 20212020
Cash Flows from Operating ActivitiesCash Flows from Operating Activities  Cash Flows from Operating Activities  
Net incomeNet income$217 $237 Net income$86 $80 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activitiesAdjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities  
DepreciationDepreciation258 233 Depreciation89 84 
AmortizationAmortization6 Amortization2 
Deferred income taxes and investment tax creditsDeferred income taxes and investment tax credits20 44 Deferred income taxes and investment tax credits(2)
Other(1)(3)
Change in current assets and current liabilitiesChange in current assets and current liabilities  Change in current assets and current liabilities  
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable(22)Accounts receivable2 
Accounts receivable from affiliatesAccounts receivable from affiliates1 
Accounts payableAccounts payable7 (16)Accounts payable(7)(2)
Accounts payable to affiliatesAccounts payable to affiliates(18)(14)Accounts payable to affiliates2 (3)
Unbilled revenuesUnbilled revenues15 Unbilled revenues20 16 
Fuel, materials and suppliesFuel, materials and supplies12 Fuel, materials and supplies15 (3)
Regulatory assets and liabilities, netRegulatory assets and liabilities, net(20)(14)Regulatory assets and liabilities, net0 (12)
Taxes payableTaxes payable1 Taxes payable13 
Accrued interestAccrued interest23 28 Accrued interest25 25 
OtherOther(15)(6)Other(17)(4)
Other operating activitiesOther operating activities  Other operating activities  
Defined benefit plans - fundingDefined benefit plans - funding(1)(3)Defined benefit plans - funding0 (1)
Expenditures for asset retirement obligationsExpenditures for asset retirement obligations(47)(45)Expenditures for asset retirement obligations(9)(11)
Other assetsOther assets0 (2)Other assets0 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities11 10 Other liabilities4 
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities446 471 Net cash provided by operating activities224 193 
Cash Flows from Investing ActivitiesCash Flows from Investing Activities  Cash Flows from Investing Activities  
Expenditures for property, plant and equipmentExpenditures for property, plant and equipment(381)(436)Expenditures for property, plant and equipment(127)(138)
Net increase in notes receivable with affiliatesNet increase in notes receivable with affiliates0 (21)
Other investing activities3 
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(378)(436)Net cash used in investing activities(127)(159)
Cash Flows from Financing ActivitiesCash Flows from Financing Activities  Cash Flows from Financing Activities  
Issuance of long-term debt498 306 
Retirement of long-term debt(500)
Net decrease in short-term debtNet decrease in short-term debt(11)(233)Net decrease in short-term debt(23)(6)
Retirement of commercial paperRetirement of commercial paper(32)
Payment of common stock dividends to parentPayment of common stock dividends to parent(145)(167)Payment of common stock dividends to parent(56)(37)
Contributions from parentContributions from parent98 68 Contributions from parent0 37 
Other financing activities(5)(5)
Net cash used in financing activitiesNet cash used in financing activities(65)(31)Net cash used in financing activities(111)(6)
Net Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents3 
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash EquivalentsNet Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents(14)28 
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of PeriodCash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period12 14 Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period22 12 
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of PeriodCash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period$15 $18 Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period$8 $40 
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow InformationSupplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow InformationSupplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Significant non-cash transactions:Significant non-cash transactions:Significant non-cash transactions:
Accrued expenditures for property, plant and equipment at September 30,$35 $54 
Accrued expenditures for property, plant and equipment at March 31,Accrued expenditures for property, plant and equipment at March 31,$40 $39 
 
The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.
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CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
Kentucky Utilities Company
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars, shares in thousands)
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
AssetsAssets  Assets  
Current AssetsCurrent Assets  Current Assets  
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$15 $12 Cash and cash equivalents$8 $22 
Accounts receivable (less reserve: 2020, $1; 2019, $1)  
Accounts receivable (less reserve: 2021, $1; 2020, $1)Accounts receivable (less reserve: 2021, $1; 2020, $1)  
CustomerCustomer151 139 Customer153 156 
OtherOther38 27 Other25 30 
Unbilled revenues (less reserve: 2020, $1; 2019, $0)73 88 
Unbilled revenues (less reserve: 2021, $1; 2020, $1)Unbilled revenues (less reserve: 2021, $1; 2020, $1)77 97 
Accounts receivable from affiliatesAccounts receivable from affiliates0 
Fuel, materials and suppliesFuel, materials and supplies117 128 Fuel, materials and supplies109 123 
PrepaymentsPrepayments16 14 Prepayments13 15 
Regulatory assetsRegulatory assets31 16 Regulatory assets38 36 
Other current assetsOther current assets0 Other current assets0 
Total Current AssetsTotal Current Assets441 425 Total Current Assets423 481 
Property, Plant and EquipmentProperty, Plant and Equipment  Property, Plant and Equipment  
Regulated utility plantRegulated utility plant8,673 8,262 Regulated utility plant8,886 8,808 
Less: accumulated depreciation - regulated utility plantLess: accumulated depreciation - regulated utility plant1,644 1,507 Less: accumulated depreciation - regulated utility plant1,753 1,690 
Regulated utility plant, netRegulated utility plant, net7,029 6,755 Regulated utility plant, net7,133 7,118 
Construction work in progressConstruction work in progress369 496 Construction work in progress350 321 
Property, Plant and Equipment, netProperty, Plant and Equipment, net7,398 7,251 Property, Plant and Equipment, net7,483 7,439 
Other Noncurrent AssetsOther Noncurrent Assets  Other Noncurrent Assets  
Regulatory assetsRegulatory assets382 386 Regulatory assets369 370 
GoodwillGoodwill607 607 Goodwill607 607 
Other intangiblesOther intangibles27 28 Other intangibles25 26 
Other noncurrent assetsOther noncurrent assets125 128 Other noncurrent assets153 149 
Total Other Noncurrent AssetsTotal Other Noncurrent Assets1,141 1,149 Total Other Noncurrent Assets1,154 1,152 
Total AssetsTotal Assets$8,980 $8,825 Total Assets$9,060 $9,072 
 
The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.
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CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
Kentucky Utilities Company
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars, shares in thousands)
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
Liabilities and EquityLiabilities and Equity  Liabilities and Equity  
Current LiabilitiesCurrent Liabilities  Current Liabilities  
Short-term debtShort-term debt$139 $150 Short-term debt$148 $203 
Long-term debt due within one yearLong-term debt due within one year132 500 Long-term debt due within one year132 132 
Accounts payableAccounts payable109 121 Accounts payable109 121 
Accounts payable to affiliatesAccounts payable to affiliates39 52 Accounts payable to affiliates46 43 
Customer depositsCustomer deposits32 31 Customer deposits33 32 
TaxesTaxes27 26 Taxes42 29 
Regulatory liabilitiesRegulatory liabilities12 17 Regulatory liabilities13 11 
InterestInterest43 20 Interest44 19 
Asset retirement obligationsAsset retirement obligations30 46 Asset retirement obligations27 40 
Other current liabilitiesOther current liabilities45 51 Other current liabilities40 59 
Total Current LiabilitiesTotal Current Liabilities608 1,014 Total Current Liabilities634 689 
Long-term DebtLong-term Debt2,485 2,123 Long-term Debt2,486 2,486 
Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent LiabilitiesDeferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities  Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities  
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes828 792 Deferred income taxes839 835 
Investment tax creditsInvestment tax credits89 90 Investment tax credits88 88 
Asset retirement obligationsAsset retirement obligations100 96 Asset retirement obligations82 75 
Regulatory liabilitiesRegulatory liabilities1,076 1,090 Regulatory liabilities1,072 1,070 
Other deferred credits and noncurrent liabilitiesOther deferred credits and noncurrent liabilities50 46 Other deferred credits and noncurrent liabilities47 47 
Total Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent LiabilitiesTotal Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities2,143 2,114 Total Deferred Credits and Other Noncurrent Liabilities2,128 2,115 
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Notes 7 and 11)Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Notes 7 and 11)Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Notes 7 and 11)00
Stockholder's EquityStockholder's Equity  Stockholder's Equity  
Common stock - 0 par value (a)Common stock - 0 par value (a)308 308 Common stock - 0 par value (a)308 308 
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital2,827 2,729 Additional paid-in capital2,857 2,857 
Earnings reinvestedEarnings reinvested609 537 Earnings reinvested647 617 
Total EquityTotal Equity3,744 3,574 Total Equity3,812 3,782 
Total Liabilities and EquityTotal Liabilities and Equity$8,980 $8,825 Total Liabilities and Equity$9,060 $9,072 
 
(a)80,000 shares authorized; 37,818 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019.2020.

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.

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CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
Kentucky Utilities Company
(Unaudited)
(Millions of Dollars)
Common
stock
shares
outstanding
(a)
Common
stock
Additional
paid-in
capital
Earnings
reinvested
Total Common
stock
shares
outstanding
(a)
Common
stock
Additional
paid-in
capital
Earnings
reinvested
Total
June 30, 202037,818 $308 $2,766 $581 $3,655 
December 31, 2020December 31, 202037,818 $308 $2,857 $617 $3,782 
Net incomeNet income84 84 Net income86 86 
Capital contributions from parent61 61 
Cash dividends declared on common stockCash dividends declared on common stock(56)(56)Cash dividends declared on common stock(56)(56)
September 30, 202037,818 $308 $2,827 $609 $3,744 
March 31, 2021March 31, 202137,818 $308 $2,857 $647 $3,812 
December 31, 2019December 31, 201937,818 $308 $2,729 $537 $3,574 December 31, 201937,818 $308 $2,729 $537 $3,574 
Net incomeNet income217 217 Net income80 80 
Capital contributions from parentCapital contributions from parent98 98 Capital contributions from parent37 37 
Cash dividends declared on common stockCash dividends declared on common stock(145)(145)Cash dividends declared on common stock(37)(37)
September 30, 202037,818 $308 $2,827 $609 $3,744 
June 30, 201937,818 $308 $2,729 $524 $3,561 
Net income95 95 
Cash dividends declared on common stock(76)(76)
September 30, 201937,818 $308 $2,729 $543 $3,580 
December 31, 201837,818 $308 $2,661 $473 $3,442 
Net income237 237 
Capital contributions from parent68 68 
Cash dividends declared on common stock(167)(167)
September 30, 201937,818 $308 $2,729 $543 $3,580 
March 31, 2020March 31, 202037,818 $308 $2,766 $580 $3,654 
 
(a)Shares in thousands. All common shares of KU stock are owned by LKE.

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements are an integral part of the financial statements.

 
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Combined Notes to Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Index to Combined Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

The notes to the condensed financial statements that follow are a combined presentation. The following list indicates the Registrants to which the notes apply:
Registrant
PPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKU
1. Interim Financial Statementsxxxxx
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policiesxxxxx
3. Segment and Related Informationxxxxx
4. Revenue from Contracts with Customersxxxxx
5. Earnings Per Sharex
6. Income Taxesxxxxx
7. Utility Rate Regulationxxxxx
8. Financing Activitiesxxxxx
9. Acquisitions, Development and Divestituresx
10. Defined Benefitsxxxxx
11. Commitments and Contingenciesxxxxx
12. Related Party Transactionsxxxx
13. Other Income (Expense) - netxx
14. Fair Value Measurementsxxxxx
15. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activitiesxxxxx
16. Asset Retirement Obligationsxxxx
17. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)xx

1. Interim Financial Statements
 
(All Registrants)
 
Capitalized terms and abbreviations appearing in the unaudited combined notes to condensed financial statements are defined in the glossary. Dollars are in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise noted. The specific Registrant to which disclosures are applicable is identified in parenthetical headings in italics above the applicable disclosure or within the applicable disclosure for each Registrant's related activities and disclosures. Within combined disclosures, amounts are disclosed for any Registrant when significant.
 
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X and, therefore, do not include all of the information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation in accordance with GAAP are reflected in the condensed financial statements. All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature, except as otherwise disclosed. Each Registrant's Balance Sheet at December 31, 20192020 is derived from that Registrant's 20192020 audited Balance Sheet. The financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes contained in each Registrant's 20192020 Form 10-K. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 20202021 or other future periods, because results for interim periods can be disproportionately influenced by various factors, developments and seasonal variations.

(PPL)

On March 17, 2021, PPL WPD Limited entered into a share purchase agreement to sell PPL's U.K. utility business, which substantially represents PPL’s U.K. Regulated segment, to a subsidiary of National Grid plc. The results of operations of the U.K. utility business have been classified as Discontinued Operations on PPL's Statements of Income. The assets and liabilities of the U.K. utility business have been classified as assets and liabilities held for sale on PPL's Balance Sheets. PPL has elected
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to separately report the cash flows of continuing and discontinued operations on the Statements of Cash Flows. Unless otherwise noted, the notes to these financial statements exclude amounts related to discontinued operations and assets and liabilities held for sale for all periods presented. See Note 9 for additional information.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(All Registrants)

The following accounting policy disclosures represent updates to Note 1 in each Registrant's 20192020 Form 10-K and should be read in conjunction with those disclosures.

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Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents (PPL and PPL Electric)(PPL)

Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following provides a reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash reported within the Balance Sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown on the Statements of Cash Flows:
PPLPPL ElectricPPL
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$746 $815 $26 $262 Cash and cash equivalents$421 $442 
Restricted cash - current (a)Restricted cash - current (a)Restricted cash - current (a)
Restricted cash - noncurrent (a)20 18 
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted CashTotal Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash$769 $836 $28 $264 Total Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash$422 $443 

(a)Bank deposits and other cash equivalents that are restricted by agreement or that have been clearly designated for a specific purpose are classified as restricted cash. On the Balance Sheets, the current portion of restricted cash is included in "Other current assets," while the noncurrent portion is included in "Other noncurrent assets."

Current Expected Credit Losses

(All Registrants)

Financing receivable collectability is evaluated using a combination of factors, including past due status based on contractual terms, trends in write-offs and the age of the receivable. Specific events, such as bankruptcies, are also considered when applicable. Adjustments to the reserve for credit losses are made when necessary based on the results of analysis, the aging of receivables and historical and industry trends. The Registrants periodically evaluate the impact of observable external factors on the collectability of the financing receivables to determine if adjustments to the reserve for credit losses should be made based on current conditions or reasonable and supportable forecasts.

Accounts receivable are written off in the period in which the receivable is deemed uncollectible.

(PPL and PPL Electric)

PPL Electric has identified one class of financing receivables, “accounts receivable-customer”, which includes financing receivables for all billed and unbilled sales with residential and non-residential customers. All other financing receivables are classified as other. Within the credit loss model for the residential customer accounts receivables, customers are disaggregated based on their projected propensity to pay, which is derived from historical trends and the current activity of the individual customer accounts. Conversely, the non-residential customer accounts receivables are not further segmented due to the varying nature of the individual customers, which lack readily identifiable risk characteristics for disaggregation.

(PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)

LKE, LG&E and KU have identified one class of financing receivables, “accounts receivable-customer”, which includes financing receivables for all billed and unbilled sales with customers. All other financing receivables are classified as other.

(All Registrants)

The following table shows changes in the allowance for credit losses for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020:March 31, 2021:
    
Balance at
Beginning of Period (a)
Charged to IncomeDeductions (b)Balance at
End of Period
PPL    
Accounts Receivable - Customer and Unbilled Revenue$30 $22 $$43 
Other (c)27 29 
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Balance at
Beginning of Period (a)
Charged to IncomeDeductions (b)Balance at
End of Period
Balance at
Beginning of Period
Charged to IncomeDeductions (a)Balance at
End of Period
PPLPPL    
Accounts Receivable - Customer and Unbilled RevenueAccounts Receivable - Customer and Unbilled Revenue$44 $$$45 
Other (b)Other (b)28 28 
PPL ElectricPPL Electric    PPL Electric    
Accounts Receivable - Customer and Unbilled RevenueAccounts Receivable - Customer and Unbilled Revenue$25 $12 $$34 Accounts Receivable - Customer and Unbilled Revenue$39 $$$40 
Other
Other (c)Other (c)
LKELKE    LKE    
Accounts Receivable - Customer and Unbilled RevenueAccounts Receivable - Customer and Unbilled Revenue$$$$Accounts Receivable - Customer and Unbilled Revenue$$$$
Other (c)26 27 
Other (b)Other (b)27 27 
LG&ELG&E    LG&E    
Accounts Receivable - Customer and Unbilled RevenueAccounts Receivable - Customer and Unbilled Revenue$$$$Accounts Receivable - Customer and Unbilled Revenue$$$$
KUKU    KU    
Accounts Receivable - Customer and Unbilled RevenueAccounts Receivable - Customer and Unbilled Revenue$$$$Accounts Receivable - Customer and Unbilled Revenue$$$$

(a)Reflects cumulative-effect adjustment upon adoption of current expected credit loss guidance.
(b)Primarily related to uncollectible accounts receivable written off.
(c)(b)Primarily related to receivables at WKE, which are fully reserved.

Asset Impairment (Excluding Investments)

(PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)

PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU review goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level annually or more frequently when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a reporting unit may be greater than the unit's fair value. PPL's, LKE's, LG&E's and KU's reporting units are primarily at the operating segment level.

During the three month period ended March 31, 2020, PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU considered whether the economic events associated with COVID-19, which resulted in PPL’s shares experiencing volatility and a decrease in market value, would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the Registrants’ reporting units below their carrying amounts. See "Risks and Uncertainties" in Note 11 for additional information about COVID-19. Based on our assessment, a quantitative impairment test was not required for the LKE, LG&E and KU reporting units, but was required for the U.K. Regulated segment reporting unit, the allocated goodwill of which was $2.5 billion at March 31, 2020. The test did not indicate impairment of the reporting unit.

During the three month periods ended June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2020, no goodwill impairment triggers were identified. However, an impairment charge could occur in future periods if PPL’s share price or any of the assumptions used in determining fair value of the reporting units are negatively impacted.

(PPL)

On August 10, 2020, PPL announced that it is initiating a formal process to sell its U.K. utility business. As a result of the potential sale, PPL assessed the recoverability of the assets of its U.K. utility business. See Note 9 for additional information.

New Accounting Guidance Adopted

(All Registrants)

Accounting for Financial Instrument Credit Losses

Effective January 1, 2020, the Registrants adopted accounting guidance, using a modified retrospective approach, that requires the use of a current expected credit loss (CECL) model for the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments within the scope of the guidance, which includes accounts receivable. The CECL model requires an entity to measure credit losses using historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future events, rather than the incurred loss impairment model required under previous GAAP. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Registrants.

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Accounting for Implementation Costs in a Cloud Computing Service ArrangementIncome Taxes

Effective January 1, 2020,The TCJA included new provisions requiring that certain income, referred to as global intangible low-tax income (GILTI), earned by certain foreign subsidiaries must be included in the Registrants prospectively adopted accountinggross income of their U.S. shareholder. Accounting guidance that requiresallows a customerpolicy election regarding the timing of inclusion of GILTI in an entity’s financial statements. The election may be either to record deferred taxes for expected GILTI in future periods or record such taxes as a cloud computing hosting arrangement that is a service contractcurrent-period expense when incurred. PPL has elected to capitalize implementation costs consistent with internal-use software guidance for non-service arrangements. The guidance requires these capitalized implementation costsrecord the tax effect of expected GILTI inclusions and thus, records deferred taxes relating to be amortized over the termsuch inclusions.

In light of the hosting arrangement toanticipated sale of PPL's U.K. utility business and the statement of income line item where the service arrangement costs are recorded. The guidance also prescribes the financial statementassociated classification of that business as assets held for sale, indefinite reinvestment is no longer relevant. As such, PPL expects to realize the capitalized implementation costs and cash flowsoutside book-tax basis difference in those assets in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, a deferred tax liability is recorded reflecting the expected tax cost associated with the arrangement. The adoptionrealization of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Registrants.that basis difference.

(PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)

SimplifyingSee Note 6 for additional discussion regarding income taxes, including the Test for Goodwill Impairment

Effective January 1, 2020, the Registrants adopted accounting guidance that simplifies the test for goodwill impairment by eliminating the second stepimpact of the quantitative test. The second step of the quantitative test required a calculation of the implied fair value of goodwill, which was determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill in a business combination. Under the new guidance, the fair value of a reporting unit will be compared with the carrying value and an impairment charge will be recognized if the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Registrants.TCJA.

3. Segment and Related Information

(PPL)

See Note 2 in PPL's 20192020 Form 10-K for a discussion of reportable segments and related information.

On March 17, 2021, PPL WPD Limited entered into a share purchase agreement to sell PPL's U.K. utility business, which substantially represents PPL's U.K. Regulated segment. As a result of this strategic shift in the operations of the business, PPL will no longer provide segment information for the U.K. Regulated segment. See Note 9 for additional information.

Income Statement data for the segments and reconciliation to PPL's consolidated results for the periods ended September 30March 31 are as follows:
Three MonthsNine Months Three Months
2020201920202019 20212020
Operating Revenues from external customersOperating Revenues from external customers  Operating Revenues from external customers  
U.K. Regulated$485 $491 $1,575 $1,615 
Kentucky RegulatedKentucky Regulated806 844 2,331 2,421 Kentucky Regulated$885 $825 
Pennsylvania RegulatedPennsylvania Regulated586 590 1,748 1,756 Pennsylvania Regulated605 608 
Corporate and OtherCorporate and Other24 23 Corporate and Other
TotalTotal$1,885 $1,933 $5,678 $5,815 Total$1,498 $1,440 
Net IncomeNet Income    Net Income  
U.K. Regulated (a)$55 $236 $574 $784 
Kentucky Regulated129 150 330 364 
Pennsylvania Regulated135 118 371 333 
Corporate and Other(38)(29)(96)(99)
Kentucky Regulated (a)Kentucky Regulated (a)$146 $127 
Pennsylvania Regulated (a)Pennsylvania Regulated (a)113 118 
Corporate and Other (a)Corporate and Other (a)(56)(41)
Discontinued Operations (b)Discontinued Operations (b)(2,043)350 
TotalTotal$281 $475 $1,179 $1,382 Total$(1,840)$554 

(a)For the period ended March 31, 2020, corporate level financing costs of $8 million, net of $2 million of income taxes, and an immaterial amount were allocated to the Kentucky Regulated and Pennsylvania Regulated segments. Beginning in 2021, corporate level financing costs will no longer be allocated to the reportable segments and are being reported in Corporate and Other.
(b)Includes unrealized gains and losses from hedging foreign currency economic activity. See Note 159 for additional information.

The following provides Balance Sheet data for the segments and reconciliation to PPL's consolidated Balance Sheets as of:
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
AssetsAssets  Assets  
U.K. Regulated (a) (b)$19,183 $17,622 
Kentucky RegulatedKentucky Regulated15,754 15,597 Kentucky Regulated$15,904 $15,943 
Pennsylvania RegulatedPennsylvania Regulated12,225 11,918 Pennsylvania Regulated12,585 12,347 
Corporate and Other (c)762 543 
Corporate and Other (a)Corporate and Other (a)867 843 
Assets Held for Sale (b)Assets Held for Sale (b)18,425 18,983 
TotalTotal$47,924 $45,680 Total$47,781 $48,116 
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(a)Includes $14.2 billion and $13.2 billion of net PP&E as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. WPD is not subject to accounting for the effects of certain types of regulation as prescribed by GAAP.
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(b)Includes $2.6 billion and $2.5 billion of goodwill as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The change is due to the effect of foreign currency exchange rates.
(c)Primarily consists of unallocated items, including cash, PP&E, goodwill, the elimination of inter-segment transactions as well as the assets of Safari Energy.
(b)See Note 9 for additional information.

(PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

PPL Electric has two operating segments, distribution and transmission, which are aggregated into a single reportable segment. LKE, LG&E and KU are individually single operating and reportable segments.

4. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

(All Registrants)

See Note 3 in PPL's 20192020 Form 10-K for a discussion of the principal activities from which the Registrants and PPL’s segments generate their revenues.

The following tables reconcile "Operating Revenues" included in each Registrant's Statement of Income with revenues generated from contracts with customers for the periods ended September 30.March 31.
2020 Three Months
PPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKU
Operating Revenues (a)$1,885 $586 $806 $363 $452 
   Revenues derived from:
Alternative revenue programs (b)(1)(5)
Other (c)(5)(4)(2)(2)
Revenues from Contracts with Customers$1,879 $581 $806 $363 $452 
2019 Three Months
PPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKU
Operating Revenues (a)$1,933 $590 $844 $382 $466 
   Revenues derived from:
Alternative revenue programs (b)
Other (c)(11)(3)(6)(3)(3)
Revenues from Contracts with Customers$1,930 $589 $844 $383 $465 

2020 Nine Months2021 Three Months
PPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKUPPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKU
Operating Revenues (a)Operating Revenues (a)$5,678 $1,748 $2,331 $1,092 $1,272 Operating Revenues (a)$1,498 $605 $885 $428 $469 
Revenues derived from: Revenues derived from: Revenues derived from:
Alternative revenue programs (b)Alternative revenue programs (b)(12)(6)(6)(2)(4)Alternative revenue programs (b)24 22 
Other (c)Other (c)(22)(3)(14)(6)(8)Other (c)(6)(6)(3)(3)
Revenues from Contracts with CustomersRevenues from Contracts with Customers$5,644 $1,739 $2,311 $1,084 $1,260 Revenues from Contracts with Customers$1,516 $627 $881 $425 $468 
2019 Nine Months2020 Three Months
PPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKUPPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKU
Operating Revenues (a)Operating Revenues (a)$5,815 $1,756 $2,421 $1,126 $1,322 Operating Revenues (a)$1,440 $608 $825 $407 $432 
Revenues derived from: Revenues derived from: Revenues derived from:
Alternative revenue programs (b)Alternative revenue programs (b)(18)(4)(14)(1)(13)Alternative revenue programs (b)(3)(3)(3)
Other (c)Other (c)(30)(8)(16)(7)(9)Other (c)(8)(2)(6)(3)(3)
Revenues from Contracts with CustomersRevenues from Contracts with Customers$5,767 $1,744 $2,391 $1,118 $1,300 Revenues from Contracts with Customers$1,429 $606 $816 $401 $429 

(a)PPL includes $485 million and $1,575 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and $491 million and $1,615 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 of revenues from external customers reported by the U.K. Regulated segment. PPL Electric and LKE represent revenues from external customers reported by the Pennsylvania Regulated and Kentucky Regulated segments. See Note 3 for additional information.
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(b)Alternative revenue programs include the transmission formula rate for PPL Electric, the ECR and DSM programs for LG&E and KU, the GLT program for LG&E, and the generation formula rate for KU. For PPL Electric, the three months ended March 31, 2021 includes a $27 million reserve recorded as a result of a challenge to the transmission formula rate return on equity. See Note 7 for further information. This line item shows the over/under collection of these rate mechanisms with over-collections of revenue shown as positive amounts in the table above and under-collections shown as negative amounts.
(c)Represents additional revenues outside the scope of revenues from contracts with customers, such as lease and other miscellaneous revenues.

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The following tables show revenues from contracts with customers disaggregated by customer class for the periods ended September 30.March 31.
2020 Three Months
PPL (d)PPL Electric (d)LKELG&EKU
Licensed energy suppliers (a)$440 $$$$
2021 Three Months
PPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKU
ResidentialResidential651 303 348 173 175 Residential$774 $361 $413 $205 $208 
CommercialCommercial310 79 231 112 119 Commercial313 82 231 121 110 
IndustrialIndustrial156 13 143 47 96 Industrial152 12 140 46 94 
Other (b)130 12 66 28 38 
Other (a)Other (a)91 12 71 34 37 
Wholesale - municipalityWholesale - municipalityWholesale - municipality
Wholesale - other (c)11 11 17 
Wholesale - other (b)Wholesale - other (b)20 20 19 13 
TransmissionTransmission174 174 Transmission160 160 
Revenues from Contracts with CustomersRevenues from Contracts with Customers$1,879 $581 $806 $363 $452 Revenues from Contracts with Customers$1,516 $627 $881 $425 $468 
2019 Three Months2020 Three Months
PPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKUPPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKU
Licensed energy suppliers (a)$454 $$$$
ResidentialResidential708 352 356 177 179 Residential$714 $344 $370 $187 $183 
CommercialCommercial346 97 249 123 126 Commercial312 81 231 124 107 
IndustrialIndustrial164 16 148 47 101 Industrial144 136 45 91 
Other (b)128 12 73 31 42 
Other (a)Other (a)87 14 66 28 38 
Wholesale - municipalityWholesale - municipalityWholesale - municipality
Wholesale - other (c)12 12 11 
Wholesale - other (b)Wholesale - other (b)17 
TransmissionTransmission112 112 Transmission159 159 
Revenues from Contracts with CustomersRevenues from Contracts with Customers$1,930 $589 $844 $383 $465 Revenues from Contracts with Customers$1,429 $606 $816 $401 $429 

2020 Nine Months
PPL (d)PPL Electric (d)LKELG&EKU
Licensed energy suppliers (a)$1,472 $$$$
Residential1,948 937 1,011 509 502 
Commercial896 234 662 336 326 
Industrial434 33 401 130 271 
Other (b)354 38 194 84 110 
Wholesale - municipality15 15 15 
Wholesale - other (c)28 28 25 36 
Transmission497 497 
Revenues from Contracts with Customers$5,644 $1,739 $2,311 $1,084 $1,260 
2019 Nine Months
PPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKU
Licensed energy suppliers (a)$1,520 $$$$
Residential2,058 1,060 998 504 494 
Commercial967 279 688 352 336 
Industrial470 48 422 134 288 
Other (b)360 39 209 93 116 
Wholesale - municipality38 38 38 
Wholesale - other (c)36 36 35 28 
Transmission318 318 
Revenues from Contracts with Customers$5,767 $1,744 $2,391 $1,118 $1,300 

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(a)Represents customers of WPD.
(b)Primarily includes revenues from pole attachments, street lighting, other public authorities and other non-core businesses.
(c)(b)Includes wholesale power and transmission revenues. LG&E and KU amounts include intercompany power sales and transmission revenues, which are eliminated upon consolidation at LKE.
(d)In the fourth quarter of 2019, management deemed it appropriate to present the revenue offset associated with network integration transmission service (NITS) as distribution revenue rather than transmission revenue.

As discussed in Note 2 in PPL's 20192020 Form 10-K, PPL segments its business by geographic location. Revenues from external customers for each segment/geographic location are reconciled to revenues from contracts with customers in the footnotes to the tables above. PPL Electric's revenues from contracts with customers are further disaggregated by distribution and transmission, which were $407 million and $174 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and $1.2 billion and $497 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. PPL Electric's revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by distribution and transmission were $477 million and $112 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and $1.4 billion and $318 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Contract receivables from customers are primarily included in "Accounts receivable - Customer" and "Unbilled revenues" on the Balance Sheets.

The following table shows the accounts receivable and unbilled revenues balances that were impaired for the periods ended September 30.March 31.
Three MonthsNine MonthsThree Months
202020192020201920212020
PPLPPL$$11 $22 $22 PPL$$
PPL ElectricPPL Electric12 14 PPL Electric
LKELKELKE
LG&ELG&ELG&E
KUKUKU

The following table shows the balances and certain activity of contract liabilities resulting from contracts with customers.
PPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKU
Contract liabilities at December 31, 2019$44 $21 $$$
Contract liabilities at September 30, 202040 18 
Revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 that was included in the contract liability balance at December 31, 201928 
Contract liabilities at December 31, 2018$42 $23 $$$
Contract liabilities at September 30, 201942 19 
Revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 that was included in the contract liability balance at December 31, 201831 11 
PPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKU
Contract liabilities at December 31, 2020$40 $23 $11 $$
Contract liabilities at March 31, 202133 16 10 
Revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2021 that was included in the contract liability balance at December 31, 202021 11 
Contract liabilities at December 31, 2019$37 $21 $$$
Contract liabilities at March 31, 202034 15 14 10 
Revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2020 that was included in the contract liability balance at December 31, 201919 

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Contract liabilities result from recording contractual billings in advance for customer attachments to the Registrants' infrastructure and payments received in excess of revenues earned to date. Advanced billings for customer attachments are recognized as revenue ratably over the billing period. Payments received in excess of revenues earned to date are recognized as revenue as services are delivered in subsequent periods.

At September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, PPL had $40$47 million of performance obligations attributable to Corporate and Other that have not been satisfied. Of this amount, PPL expects to recognize approximately $40$38 million within the next 12 months.

5. Earnings Per Share
 
(PPL)
 
Basic EPS is computed by dividing income available to PPL common shareowners by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing income available to PPL common shareowners by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, increased by incremental shares that would be outstanding if potentially dilutive non-participating securitiesshare-based payment awards were converted to common shares as calculated using the Two-Class Method or Treasury Stock Method. Incremental non-participating securities that have a dilutive impact are detailed in the table below. These dilutive securities include the PPL common stock forward sale agreements, which were settled in 2019. The forward sale
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agreements were dilutive under the Treasury Stock Method to the extent the average stock price of PPL's common shares exceeded the forward sale price prescribed in the agreements.
 
Reconciliations of the amounts of income and shares of PPL common stock (in thousands) for the periods ended September 30March 31 used in the EPS calculation are:
 Three MonthsNine Months
 2020201920202019
Income (Numerator)    
Net income$281 $475 $1,179 $1,382 
Less amounts allocated to participating securities
Net income available to PPL common shareowners - Basic and Diluted$281 $475 $1,178 $1,380 
Shares of Common Stock (Denominator)    
Weighted-average shares - Basic EPS768,786 722,259 768,502 721,693 
Add incremental non-participating securities:    
Share-based payment awards874 1,106 768 1,009 
Forward sale agreements7,786 7,975 
Weighted-average shares - Diluted EPS769,660 731,151 769,270 730,677 
Basic EPS    
Net Income available to PPL common shareowners$0.37 $0.66 $1.53 $1.91 
Diluted EPS    
Net Income available to PPL common shareowners$0.37 $0.65 $1.53 $1.89 
 Three Months
 20212020
Income (Numerator)  
Income from continuing operations after income taxes available to PPL common shareowners - Basic and Diluted$203 $204 
Income (loss) from discontinued operations (net of income taxes) available to PPL common shareowners - Basic and Diluted$(2,043)$350 
Net income (loss) available to PPL common shareowners - Basic and Diluted$(1,840)$554 
Shares of Common Stock (Denominator)  
Weighted-average shares - Basic EPS769,159 767,948 
Add: Dilutive share-based payment awards1,551 790 
Weighted-average shares - Diluted EPS770,710 768,738 
Basic and Diluted EPS  
Available to PPL common shareowners:
Income from continuing operations after income taxes$0.26 $0.27 
Income (loss) from discontinued operations (net of income taxes)(2.65)0.45 
Net Income (Loss) available to PPL common shareowners$(2.39)$0.72 
 
For the periods ended September 30,March 31, PPL issued common stock related to stock-based compensation plans and the DRIP as follows (in thousands):
Three MonthsNine Months Three Months
2020201920202019 20212020
Stock-based compensation plansStock-based compensation plans14 38 621 680 Stock-based compensation plans520 598 
DRIPDRIP430 943 1,305 DRIP434 

For the periods ended September 30,March 31, the following shares (in thousands) were excluded from the computations of diluted EPS because the effect would have been antidilutive.
 Three MonthsNine Months
2020201920202019
Stock-based compensation awards364 595 
 Three Months
20212020
Stock-based compensation awards233 250 
 
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6. Income Taxes

Reconciliations of income tax expense (benefit) for the periods ended September 30March 31 are as follows.
(PPL)(PPL)(PPL)
Three MonthsNine MonthsThree Months
202020192020201920212020
Federal income tax on Income Before Income Taxes at statutory tax rate - 21%$103 $125 $336 $359 
Federal income tax on Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes at statutory tax rate - 21%Federal income tax on Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes at statutory tax rate - 21%$55 $56 
Increase (decrease) due to:Increase (decrease) due to:    Increase (decrease) due to:  
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefitState income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit15 13 39 34 State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit12 13 
Valuation allowance adjustmentsValuation allowance adjustments20 21 Valuation allowance adjustments
Impact of lower U.K. income tax rates(6)(18)(20)
Impact of the U.K. Finance Acts on deferred tax balances (a)104 (5)101 (8)
Depreciation and other items not normalizedDepreciation and other items not normalized(2)(4)(5)Depreciation and other items not normalized(2)(2)
Amortization of excess deferred federal and state income taxesAmortization of excess deferred federal and state income taxes(11)(9)(34)(30)Amortization of excess deferred federal and state income taxes(12)(11)
Federal and state income tax return adjustments(9)(9)
Interest benefit on U.K. financing entities(3)(3)(8)(9)
Officers compensation disallowance
Kentucky recycling credit, net of federal income tax expense (b)(20)
OtherOther(2)(5)Other(2)(1)
Total increase (decrease)Total increase (decrease)106 (7)87 (31)Total increase (decrease)
Total income tax expense (benefit)Total income tax expense (benefit)$209 $118 $423 $328 Total income tax expense (benefit)$59 $61 

(a) The U.K. corporation tax rate was scheduled to be reduced from 19% to 17%, effective April 1, 2020. On March 11, 2020, the U.K. Finance Act 2020 included a cancellation of the tax rate reduction to 17%, thereby maintaining the corporation tax rate at 19%. The Finance Act 2020 was formally enacted on July 22, 2020. The primary impact of the cancellation of the corporation tax rate reduction was an increase in deferred tax liabilities and a corresponding deferred tax expense of $106 million.
(b) During the second quarter of 2019, LKE recorded a deferred income tax benefit associated with two projects placed into service that prepare a generation waste material for reuse and, as a result, qualify for a Kentucky recycling credit. The applicable credit provides tax benefits for a portion of the equipment costs for major recycling projects in Kentucky. A portion of this amount has been reserved due to insufficient Kentucky taxable income projected at LKE.
(PPL Electric)  
 Three Months
 20212020
Federal income tax on Income Before Income Taxes at statutory tax rate - 21%$32 $33 
Increase (decrease) due to:  
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit12 13 
Depreciation and other items not normalized(2)(2)
Amortization of excess deferred federal and state income taxes(3)(3)
Other(2)
Total increase (decrease)
Total income tax expense (benefit)$37 $41 

(PPL Electric)  
(LKE)(LKE)  
Three MonthsNine Months Three Months
2020201920202019 20212020
Federal income tax on Income Before Income Taxes at statutory tax rate - 21%Federal income tax on Income Before Income Taxes at statutory tax rate - 21%$37 $33 $104 $94 Federal income tax on Income Before Income Taxes at statutory tax rate - 21%$37 $35 
Increase (decrease) due to:Increase (decrease) due to:    Increase (decrease) due to:  
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefitState income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit14 13 39 36 State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit
Federal and state income tax return adjustments(4)(4)
Depreciation and other items not normalized(2)(4)(5)
Valuation allowance adjustmentsValuation allowance adjustments(4)
Amortization of excess deferred federal and state income taxesAmortization of excess deferred federal and state income taxes(4)(4)(12)(12)Amortization of excess deferred federal and state income taxes(7)(7)
OtherOtherOther(3)(1)
Total increase (decrease)Total increase (decrease)21 20 Total increase (decrease)(7)(1)
Total income tax expense (benefit)Total income tax expense (benefit)$44 $40 $125 $114 Total income tax expense (benefit)$30 $34 

(LG&E)  
 Three Months
 20212020
Federal income tax on Income Before Income Taxes at statutory tax rate - 21%$20 $19 
Increase (decrease) due to:  
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit
Amortization of excess deferred federal and state income taxes(3)(3)
Other(2)(1)
Total increase (decrease)(1)
Total income tax expense (benefit)$19 $19 

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(LKE)  
(KU)(KU)  
Three MonthsNine Months Three Months
2020201920202019 20212020
Federal income tax on Income Before Income Taxes at statutory tax rate - 21%Federal income tax on Income Before Income Taxes at statutory tax rate - 21%$35 $42 $92 $98 Federal income tax on Income Before Income Taxes at statutory tax rate - 21%$22 $21 
Increase (decrease) due to:Increase (decrease) due to:    Increase (decrease) due to:  
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefitState income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit17 18 State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit
Amortization of investment tax credit(1)(1)(2)(2)
Amortization of excess deferred federal and state income taxesAmortization of excess deferred federal and state income taxes(4)(4)
Valuation allowance adjustments (a)
Amortization of excess deferred federal and state income taxes(7)(5)(20)(17)
Federal and state income tax return adjustments(5)(5)
Kentucky recycling credit, net of federal income tax expense (a)(20)
OtherOther(2)(3)Other(1)(1)
Total increase (decrease)Total increase (decrease)(4)(10)(20)Total increase (decrease)(1)(1)
Total income tax expense (benefit)Total income tax expense (benefit)$31 $43 $82 $78 Total income tax expense (benefit)$21 $20 

(a)During the second quarter of 2019, LKE recorded a deferred income tax benefit associated with two projects placed into service that prepare a generation waste material for reuse and, as a result, qualify for a Kentucky recycling credit. The applicable credit provides tax benefits for a portion of the equipment costs for major recycling projects in Kentucky. A portion of this amount has been reserved due to insufficient Kentucky taxable income projected at LKE.

(LG&E)  
 Three MonthsNine Months
 2020201920202019
Federal income tax on Income Before Income Taxes at statutory tax rate - 21%$18 $21 $50 $50 
Increase (decrease) due to:    
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit
Valuation allowance adjustments (a)15 
Amortization of excess deferred federal and state income taxes(3)(2)(8)(7)
Federal and state income tax return adjustments(2)(2)
Kentucky recycling credit, net of federal income tax expense (a)(15)
Other(2)(2)(2)
Total increase (decrease)(2)(3)
Total income tax expense (benefit)$16 $22 $47 $51 

(a)During the second quarter of 2019, LG&E recorded a deferred income tax benefit associated with two projects placed into service that prepare a generation waste material for reuse and, as a result, qualify for a Kentucky recycling credit. The applicable credit provides tax benefits for a portion of the equipment costs for major recycling projects in Kentucky. This amount has been reserved due to insufficient Kentucky taxable income projected at LG&E.

(KU)  
 Three MonthsNine Months
 2020201920202019
Federal income tax on Income Before Income Taxes at statutory tax rate - 21%$22 $25 $56 $63 
Increase (decrease) due to:    
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit11 12 
Valuation allowance adjustments (a)
Amortization of excess deferred federal and state income taxes(4)(3)(12)(10)
Federal and state income tax return adjustments(3)(3)
Kentucky recycling credit, net of federal income tax expense (a)(5)
Other(1)(2)(3)
Total increase (decrease)(3)(6)(1)
Total income tax expense (benefit)$19 $26 $50 $62 

(a)During the second quarter of 2019, KU recorded a deferred income tax benefit associated with a project placed into service that prepares a generation waste material for reuse and, as a result, qualifies for a Kentucky recycling credit. The applicable credit provides tax benefits for a portion of the equipment costs for major recycling projects in Kentucky. This amount has been reserved due to insufficient Kentucky taxable income projected at KU.

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Other

2020 TCJA Regulatory Update (All Registrants)

In July 2020, the IRS issued final and new proposed regulations relating to limitationsthe limitation on interest deductibility for tax purposes.deductibility. The Registrants will apply the final regulations beginning indo not apply to the Registrants until the 2021 tax year. The new proposed regulations were finalized on January 5, 2021 and will apply to the Registrants in the year in which2022 tax year. The Registrants have evaluated the final regulations are issued in final form, which is expected to be in 2021 and concluded that neither the 2020 or later. The Registrants are evaluating the final and proposed2021 regulations but do not expect the regulations toshould have a material impact on the Registrants’ financial condition or results of operations.

7. Utility Rate Regulation

(All Registrants)

The following table provides information about the regulatory assets and liabilities of cost-based rate-regulated utility operations.
PPLPPL ElectricPPLPPL Electric
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
Current Regulatory Assets:Current Regulatory Assets:    Current Regulatory Assets:    
Plant outage costsPlant outage costs$44 $32 $$Plant outage costs$55 $46 $$
Gas supply clauseGas supply clauseGas supply clause
Smart meter riderSmart meter rider17 13 17 13 Smart meter rider21 17 21 17 
Transmission formula rateTransmission formula rateTransmission formula rate20 15 20 15 
Transmission service charge10 10 
Storm costsStorm costs
OtherOtherOther12 10 
Total current regulatory assets (a)$82 $67 $28 $26 
Total current regulatory assetsTotal current regulatory assets$121 $99 $47 $40 
Noncurrent Regulatory Assets:Noncurrent Regulatory Assets:    Noncurrent Regulatory Assets:    
Defined benefit plansDefined benefit plans$750 $800 $450 $467 Defined benefit plans$556 $570 $282 $290 
Storm costsStorm costs27 39 15 Storm costs14 17 
Unamortized loss on debtUnamortized loss on debt33 41 11 18 Unamortized loss on debt29 30 
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swaps26 22 Interest rate swaps18 23 
Terminated interest rate swapsTerminated interest rate swaps77 81 Terminated interest rate swaps74 75 
Accumulated cost of removal of utility plantAccumulated cost of removal of utility plant237 220 237 220 Accumulated cost of removal of utility plant234 240 234 240 
AROsAROs297 279 AROs304 300 
Act 129 compliance rider
OtherOtherOther
Total noncurrent regulatory assetsTotal noncurrent regulatory assets$1,450 $1,492 $708 $726 Total noncurrent regulatory assets$1,233 $1,262 $525 $541 

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PPLPPL ElectricPPLPPL Electric
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
Current Regulatory Liabilities:Current Regulatory Liabilities:    Current Regulatory Liabilities:    
Generation supply chargeGeneration supply charge$23 $23 $23 $23 Generation supply charge$18 $21 $18 $21 
Transmission service chargeTransmission service charge27 27 
Environmental cost recoveryEnvironmental cost recoveryEnvironmental cost recovery
Universal service riderUniversal service rider14 14 Universal service rider16 22 16 22 
Fuel adjustment clauseFuel adjustment clauseFuel adjustment clause
TCJA customer refundTCJA customer refund21 61 21 59 TCJA customer refund15 11 15 11 
Storm damage expense riderStorm damage expense riderStorm damage expense rider
Act 129 compliance riderAct 129 compliance riderAct 129 compliance rider
Challenge to transmission formula rate return on equity reserve (a)Challenge to transmission formula rate return on equity reserve (a)27 27 
OtherOtherOther
Total current regulatory liabilitiesTotal current regulatory liabilities$90 $115 $73 $96 Total current regulatory liabilities$130 $79 $114 $68 
Noncurrent Regulatory Liabilities:Noncurrent Regulatory Liabilities:    Noncurrent Regulatory Liabilities:    
Accumulated cost of removal of utility plantAccumulated cost of removal of utility plant$648 $640 $$Accumulated cost of removal of utility plant$665 $653 $$
Power purchase agreement - OVECPower purchase agreement - OVEC45 51 Power purchase agreement - OVEC41 43 
Net deferred taxesNet deferred taxes1,705 1,756 565 588 Net deferred taxes1,673 1,690 552 560 
Defined benefit plansDefined benefit plans59 51 17 11 Defined benefit plans64 60 21 18 
Terminated interest rate swapsTerminated interest rate swaps66 68 Terminated interest rate swaps65 66 
OtherOther20 Other18 18 
Total noncurrent regulatory liabilitiesTotal noncurrent regulatory liabilities$2,543 $2,572 $582 $599 Total noncurrent regulatory liabilities$2,526 $2,530 $573 $578 

LKELG&EKU LKELG&EKU
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
Current Regulatory Assets:Current Regulatory Assets:      Current Regulatory Assets:      
Plant outage costsPlant outage costs$44 $32 $14 $16 $30 $16 Plant outage costs$55 $46 $20 $12 $35 $34 
Gas supply clauseGas supply clauseGas supply clause
OtherOtherOther11 
Total current regulatory assetsTotal current regulatory assets$54 $41 $23 $25 $31 $16 Total current regulatory assets$74 $59 $36 $23 $38 $36 
Noncurrent Regulatory Assets:Noncurrent Regulatory Assets:      Noncurrent Regulatory Assets:      
Defined benefit plansDefined benefit plans$300 $333 $179 $206 $121 $127 Defined benefit plans$274 $280 $170 $174 $104 $106 
Storm costsStorm costs18 24 11 14 10 Storm costs14 17 11 
Unamortized loss on debtUnamortized loss on debt22 23 13 14 Unamortized loss on debt22 22 13 13 
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swaps26 22 26 22 Interest rate swaps18 23 18 23 
Terminated interest rate swapsTerminated interest rate swaps77 81 45 47 32 34 Terminated interest rate swaps74 75 43 44 31 31 
AROsAROs297 279 85 76 212 203 AROs304 300 85 85 219 215 
OtherOtherOther
Total noncurrent regulatory assetsTotal noncurrent regulatory assets$742 $766 $360 $380 $382 $386 Total noncurrent regulatory assets$708 $721 $339 $351 $369 $370 

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Table of ContentContentss
LKELG&EKULKELG&EKU
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
Current Regulatory Liabilities:Current Regulatory Liabilities:      Current Regulatory Liabilities:      
Environmental cost recoveryEnvironmental cost recovery$$$$$$Environmental cost recovery$$$$$$
Demand side management
Fuel adjustment clauseFuel adjustment clauseFuel adjustment clause
OtherOtherOther
Total current regulatory liabilitiesTotal current regulatory liabilities$17 $19 $$$12 $17 Total current regulatory liabilities$16 $11 $$$13 $11 
Noncurrent Regulatory Liabilities:Noncurrent Regulatory Liabilities:      Noncurrent Regulatory Liabilities:      
Accumulated cost of removal
of utility plant
Accumulated cost of removal
of utility plant
$648 $640 $271 $266 $377 $374 Accumulated cost of removal
of utility plant
$665 $653 $278 $274 $387 $379 
Power purchase agreement - OVECPower purchase agreement - OVEC45 51 31 35 14 16 Power purchase agreement - OVEC41 43 28 30 13 13 
Net deferred taxesNet deferred taxes1,140 1,168 532 544 608 624 Net deferred taxes1,121 1,130 525 528 596 602 
Defined benefit plansDefined benefit plans42 40 42 40 Defined benefit plans43 42 42 42 
Terminated interest rate swapsTerminated interest rate swaps66 68 33 34 33 34 Terminated interest rate swaps65 66 33 33 32 33 
OtherOther20 18 Other18 18 16 17 
Total noncurrent regulatory liabilitiesTotal noncurrent regulatory liabilities$1,961 $1,973 $885 $883 $1,076 $1,090 Total noncurrent regulatory liabilities$1,953 $1,952 $881 $882 $1,072 $1,070 
  
(a)ForSee “Regulatory Matters - Federal Matters - Challenge to PPL these amounts are included in "Other current assets"Electric Transmission Formula Rate Return on the Balance Sheets.Equity” below for further information.

Regulatory Matters

Kentucky Activities

Rate Case Proceedings

(PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)

Rate Case Proceedings

On October 23,November 25, 2020, LG&E and KU filed notices of intentrequests with the KPSC to file applications for proposed adjustments of general electrican increase in annual electricity and gas revenues of approximately $331 million ($131 million and $170 million in electricity revenues at LG&E and KU and $30 million in gas revenues at LG&E). The revenue increases would be an increase of 11.6% and 10.4% in electricity revenues at LG&E and KU, and an increase of 8.3% in gas revenues at LG&E. In recognition of the economic impact of COVID-19, LG&E and KU requested approval of a one-year billing credit which will credit customers approximately $53 million ($41 million at LG&E and $12 million at KU). The billing credit represents the return to customers of certain regulatory liabilities on LG&E’s and KU’s Balance Sheets and serves to partially mitigate the rate increases during the first year in which the new rates on or after November 25, 2020. are in effect.

LG&E’s and KU’s applications also included a request for a CPCN to deploy Advanced Metering Infrastructure across LG&E’s and KU’s service territories in Kentucky.
The applications will also include requestswere based on a forecasted test year of July 1, 2021 through June 30, 2022 and requested an authorized return on equity of 10.0%.

On April 19, 2021, LG&E and KU entered into an agreement with all intervening parties to the proceedings resolving all matters in their applications, with the explicit exception of LG&E's and KU's net metering proposals. The agreement proposes increases in annual revenues of $217 million ($77 million and $116 million in electricity revenues at LG&E and KU and $24 million in gas revenues at LG&E) based on an authorized return on equity of 9.55%. The proposal includes an authorized 9.35% return on equity for the ECR and GLT mechanisms. The agreement does not modify the requested one-year billing credit. The agreement proposes that the KPSC should grant LG&E’s and KU’s request for a CPCN to deploy Advanced Metering Infrastructure and other matters.proposes the establishment of a Retired Asset Recovery rider (RAR) to provide for recovery of and return on the remaining investment in certain electric generating units upon their retirement over a ten-year period following retirement. In respect of the RAR rider, the agreement proposes that LG&E and KU will continue to use currently approved depreciation rates for Mill Creek units 1 and 2 and Brown Unit 3. The agreement also proposes a four-year “stay-out” commitment from LG&E and KU to refrain from effective base rate increases before July 1, 2025, subject to certain exceptions.

A hearing on the agreement, and the underlying proceedings, was completed on April 28, 2021. Subject to KPSC approval, the rates, decreased by the amount of the billing credit, are expected to become effective July 1, 2021. An Order on the net metering issues is expected by the end of September 2021. PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU cannot predict the outcome of these potential proceedings.

42

ECR Filings (Table of ContentsPPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)

On March 31, 2020, LG&E and KU submitted applications to the KPSC for ECR rate treatment regarding upcoming environmental construction projects relating to the EPA's regulations addressing ELGs. The construction projects are expected to begin in 2021 and continue through 2024 and are estimated to cost approximately $405 million ($153 million at LG&E and $252 million at KU). The applications requested an authorized 9.725% return on equity with respect to these projects consistent with the 2018 Kentucky rate cases approved in April 2019. On September 29, 2020, the KPSC issued orders approving the ECR applications, permitting an authorized return on equity of 9.2% for the applicable projects.

Pennsylvania Activities 
Act 129 (PPL and PPL Electric)
 
The Pennsylvania Public Utility Code requires electric distribution companies, including PPL Electric, to act as a DSP, which provides electricity generation supply service to customers pursuant to a PUC-approved default service procurement plan. A DSP is able to recover the costs associated with its default service procurement plan.Act 129
 
In March 2020,Act 129 requires Pennsylvania Electric Distribution Companies (EDCs) to meet, by specified dates, specified goals for reduction in customer electricity usage and peak demand. EDCs not meeting the requirements of Act 129 are subject to significant penalties. PPL Electric filed a Petition for Approval of a new default service program and procurement plan with the PUC its Act 129 Phase IV Energy Efficiency and Conservation Plan (Phase IV Act 129 Plan) on November 30, 2020, for the five-year period starting June 1, 2021 throughand ending on May 31, 2025. Hearings were held in August 2020. In October 2020,2026. PPL Electric's Phase IV Act 129 Plan was approved by the Administrative Law Judge made a recommended decision which remains pending before the PUC. PPL Electric cannot predict the outcome of this proceeding.PUC at its March 25, 2021, public meeting.

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Table of Contents
Federal Matters

Challenge to PPL Electric Transmission Formula Rate Return on Equity

(PPL and PPL Electric)

On May 21, 2020, PP&L Industrial Customer Alliance (PPLICA) filed a complaint with the FERC alleging that PPL Electric's base return on equity (ROE) of 11.18% used to determine PPL Electric's formula transmission rate is unjust and unreasonable, and proposing an alternative ROE of 8.0% based on its interpretation of FERC Opinion No. 569. However, also on May 21, 2020, the FERC issued Opinion No. 569-A in response to numerous requests for rehearing of Opinion No. 569, which revised the method for analyzing base ROE. On June 10, 2020, PPLICA filed a Motion to Supplement the May 21, 2020 complaint in which PPLICA continued to allege that PPL Electric’s base ROE is unjust and unreasonable, but revised its analysis of PPL Electric's base ROE to reflect the guidance provided in Opinion No. 569-A. The amended complaint proposed an updated alternative ROE of 8.5% and also requested that the FERC preserve the original refund effective date as established by the filing of the original complaint on May 21, 2020. Several parties have filed motions to intervene, including one party who filed Comments in Support of the original complaint.

On July 10, 2020, PPL Electric filed its Answer and supporting Testimony to the PPLICA filings arguing that the FERC should deny the original and amended complaints as they are without merit and fail to demonstrate the existing base ROE is unjust and unreasonable. In addition, PPL Electric contended any refund effective date should be set for no earlier than June 10, 2020 and PPLICA's proposed replacement ROE should be rejected.

On October 15, 2020, the FERC issued an order on the PPLICA complaints which established hearing and settlement procedures, set a refund effective date of May 21, 2020 and granted the motions to intervene. On November 16, 2020, PPL Electric filed a request for rehearing of the portion of the October 15, 2020 Order that set the May 21, 2020 refund effective date. On December 17, 2020, the FERC issued a Notice of Denial of Rehearing by Operation of Law and Providing for Further Consideration. On February 16 and April 19, 2021, PPL Electric filed Petitions for Review with the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit of the portion of the October 15, 2020 Order that set the May 21, 2020 refund effective date.

PPL Electric continues to believe its ROE is just and reasonable and that it has meritorious defenses against the original and amended complaints. At this time,Settlement negotiations are currently proceeding, but there can be no assurance that they will result in a final settlement. Although PPL Electric cannot predict the outcome of this matter, orin the rangefirst quarter of possible losses, if any, that may be incurred. However,2021, PPL Electric recorded a revenue reserve of $19 million after-tax. Of this amount, $13 million relates to the period from May 21, 2020 to December 31, 2020. Additional revenue earned from May 21, 2020 through the settlementultimate resolution of this matter may be subject to refund. A change of 50 basis points to the base ROE would impact PPL Electric's net income by approximately $12 million on an annual basis.

FERC Transmission Rate Filing

(PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)

In 2018, LG&E and KU applied to the FERC requesting elimination of certain on-going credits to a sub-set of transmission customers relating to the 1998 merger of LG&E's and KU's parent entities and the 2006 withdrawal of LG&E and KU from the Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc. (MISO), a regional transmission operator and energy market. The application sought termination of LG&E's and KU's commitment to provide certain Kentucky municipalities mitigation for certain horizontal market power concerns arising out of the 1998 LG&E and KU merger and 2006 MISO withdrawal. The amounts at issue are generally waivers or credits granted to a limited number of Kentucky municipalities for either certain LG&E and KU or MISO transmission charges incurred for transmission service received. Due to the development of robust, accessible energy markets over time, LG&E and KU believe the mitigation commitments are no longer relevant or appropriate. In March 2019, the FERC granted LG&E's and KU's request to remove the ongoing credits, conditioned upon the implementation by LG&E
43

Table of Contents
and KU of a transition mechanism for certain existing power supply arrangements, subject to FERC review and approval. In July 2019, LG&E and KU proposed their transition mechanism to the FERC and in September 2019, the FERC rejected the proposed transition mechanism and issued a separate order providing clarifications of certain aspects of the March order. In October 2019, LG&E and KU filed requests for rehearing and clarification on the two September orders.mechanism. In September 2020, the FERC issued its orders in the rehearing process that modified the discussion in, and set aside portionsvarious aspects of the September 2019 orders which had approved future termination of the credits, including adjusting factors impactingwhich customer arrangements are covered by the proposed transition mechanism.mechanism and respective future periods or dates for termination of credits. In OctoberNovember 2020, boththe FERC denied the parties' rehearing requests. In November 2020 and January 2021, LG&E and KU and other parties filed separate motions for rehearing and clarification regarding FERC’sappealed the September 2020 orders. A FERC decision on these rehearing requests is expected byand November 18, 2020. Certain other petitions for review of the FERC's2020 orders have been filed by multiple parties, including LG&E and KU, withat the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals. The appellate proceedings are continuing, and also include certain additional prior pending petitions for review relating to the matter. On January 15, 2021, LG&E and KU made a filing seeking FERC acceptance of a new proposal for a transition mechanism. On March 16, 2021, the FERC accepted the filed transition mechanism agreements effective on March 17, 2021 but subject to refund, and established hearing and settlement procedures. LG&E and KU are also required to make certain compliance filings consistent with the March 16, 2021 order. LG&E and KU cannot predict the outcome of thesethe respective appellate and FERC proceedings. LG&E and KU currently receive recovery of the waivers and credits provided through other rate mechanisms.

(PPLmechanisms and PPL Electric)

In April 2020, PPL Electric filed its annual transmission formulasuch rate updaterecovery would be anticipated to be adjusted consistent with potential changes or terminations of the FERC, reflecting a revised revenue requirement that took effect in June 2020.
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Table of Contents
waivers and credits, as such become effective.

Other

Purchase of Receivables Program (PPL and PPL Electric)

In accordance with a PUC-approved purchase of accounts receivable program, PPL Electric purchases certain accounts receivable from alternative electricity suppliers at a discount, which reflects a provision for credit losses.uncollectible accounts. The alternative electricity suppliers have no continuing involvement or interest in the purchased accounts receivable. Accounts receivable that are acquired are initially recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition. During the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2021, and 2020, PPL Electric purchased $303$324 million and $854 million of accounts receivable from alternative suppliers. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, PPL Electric purchased $308 million and $927$311 million of accounts receivable from alternative suppliers.

8. Financing Activities

Credit Arrangements and Short-term Debt

(All Registrants)

The Registrants maintain credit facilities to enhance liquidity, provide credit support and act as a backstop to commercial paper programs. For reporting purposes, on a consolidated basis, the credit facilities and commercial paper programs of PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU also apply to PPL and the credit facilities and commercial paper programs of LG&E and KU also apply to LKE. The amounts listed in the borrowed column below are recorded as "Short-term debt" on the Balance Sheets except for borrowings under PPL Capital Funding'sFunding’s term loan agreement due March 2022, which are reflected in "Long-term debt" on the Balance Sheets.“Long-term debt due within one year” at March 31, 2021 and “Long-term debt” at December 31, 2020. The following credit facilities were in place at:
 September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
 Expiration
Date
CapacityBorrowedLetters of
Credit
and
Commercial
Paper
Issued
Unused
Capacity
BorrowedLetters of
Credit
and
Commercial
Paper
Issued
PPL       
U.K.       
WPD plc       
Syndicated Credit Facility (a)Jan. 2023£210 £150 ££58 £155 £
WPD (South West)       
Syndicated Credit Facility (b)May 2023220 118 102 40 
WPD (South Wales)
Syndicated Credit FacilityMay 2023125 125 
WPD (East Midlands)      
Syndicated Credit FacilityMay 2023250 250 
WPD (West Midlands)      
Syndicated Credit Facility (c)May 2023250 64 186 48 
Uncommitted Credit Facilities 100 96 
Total U.K. Credit Facilities (d) £1,155 £332 ££817 £243 £
U.S.       
PPL Capital Funding       
Syndicated Credit FacilityJan. 2024$1,450 $$$1,450 $$450 
Term Loan Credit FacilityMar. 2021200 200 
Bilateral Credit FacilityMar. 202150 50 
Bilateral Credit FacilityMar. 202150 15 35 15 
Term Loan Credit FacilityMar. 2021100 100 
Term Loan Credit FacilityMar. 2022100 100 
Total PPL Capital Funding Credit Facilities$1,950 $400 $15 $1,535 $$465 
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Table of ContentContentss
 September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
 Expiration
Date
CapacityBorrowedLetters of
Credit
and
Commercial
Paper
Issued
Unused
Capacity
BorrowedLetters of
Credit
and
Commercial
Paper
Issued
PPL Electric       
Syndicated Credit FacilityJan. 2024$650 $$281 $369 $$
LG&E      
Syndicated Credit FacilityJan. 2024$500 $$206 $294 $$238 
Total LG&E Credit Facilities$500 $$206 $294 $$238 
KU       
Syndicated Credit FacilityJan. 2024$400 $$139 $261 $$150 
Total KU Credit Facilities $400 $$139 $261 $$150 
(a)    The amounts borrowed at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were USD-denominated borrowings of $200 million for both periods, which bore interest at 0.98% and 2.52%. The interest rates on the borrowings are equal to one-month USD LIBOR plus a margin. The unused capacity reflects the amounts borrowed in GBP of £152 million as of the date borrowed.
(b)    The amounts borrowed at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were GBP-denominated borrowings which equated to $158 million and $51 million and bore interest at 0.56% and 1.09%. The interest rate on the borrowing are equal to one-month GBP LIBOR plus a margin.
(c)    The amounts borrowed at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were GBP-denominated borrowings which equated to $86 million and $62 million and bore interest at 0.56% and 1.11%. The interest rates on the borrowings are equal to one-month GBP LIBOR plus a margin.
(d)    At September 30, 2020, the unused capacity under the U.K. credit facilities was $1.1 billion.

(PPL)

In March 2020, PPL Capital Funding entered into a $200 million term loan credit facility expiring in March 2021 and borrowed the full principal amount under the facility at an initial interest rate of 1.96%. The applicable interest rate on borrowings fluctuates periodically and is based on LIBOR plus a spread. The proceeds were used to repay short-term debt and for general corporate purposes.

In April 2020, PPL Capital Funding entered into a $100 million term loan credit facility expiring in March 2021 and borrowed the full principal amount under the facility at an initial interest rate of 1.73%. The applicable interest rate on borrowings fluctuates periodically and is based on LIBOR plus a spread. The proceeds were used to repay short-term debt and for general corporate purposes.

PPL has guaranteed PPL Capital Funding's obligations under these credit agreements.
 March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
 Expiration
Date
CapacityBorrowedLetters of
Credit
and
Commercial
Paper
Issued
Unused
Capacity
BorrowedLetters of
Credit
and
Commercial
Paper
Issued
PPL       
PPL Capital Funding       
Syndicated Credit FacilityJan. 2024$1,450 $$942 $508 $$402 
Term Loan Credit FacilityMar. 2022100 100 100 
Bilateral Credit FacilityMar. 202250 50 
Bilateral Credit FacilityMar. 202250 15 35 15 
Term Loan Credit FacilityMar. 2021100 
Term Loan Credit FacilityMar. 2021200 
Total PPL Capital Funding Credit Facilities$1,650 $100 $957 $593 $400 $417 
PPL Electric       
Syndicated Credit FacilityJan. 2024$650 $$206 $444 $$
LG&E      
Syndicated Credit FacilityJan. 2024$500 $$252 $248 $$262 
KU       
Syndicated Credit FacilityJan. 2024$400 $$148 $252 $$203 

(All Registrants)

PPL, PPL Electric, LG&E and KU maintain commercial paper programs to provide an additional financing source to fund short-term liquidity needs. Commercial paper issuances, included in "Short-term debt" on the Balance Sheets, are supported by the respective Registrant's credit facilities. The following commercial paper programs were in place at:
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019 March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Weighted -
Average
Interest Rate
CapacityCommercial
Paper
Issuances
Unused
Capacity
Weighted -
Average
Interest Rate
Commercial
Paper
Issuances
Weighted -
Average
Interest Rate
CapacityCommercial
Paper
Issuances
Unused
Capacity
Weighted -
Average
Interest Rate
Commercial
Paper
Issuances
PPL Capital FundingPPL Capital Funding0%$1,500 $$1,500 2.13%$450 PPL Capital Funding0.22%$1,500 $942 $558 0.25%$402 
PPL Electric
PPL Electric
0.16%650 280 370 
PPL Electric
0.20%650 205 445 
LG&E(a)LG&E(a)0.20%350 206 144 2.07%238 LG&E(a)0.22%425 252 173 0.28%262 
KUKU0.19%350 139 211 2.02%150 KU0.21%350 148 202 0.28%203 
TotalTotal $2,850 $625 $2,225  $838 Total $2,925 $1,547 $1,378  $867 

(a)In March 2021, the capacity for the LG&E commercial paper program was increased from $350 million to $425 million.

(PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E, and KU)

See Note 12 for discussion of intercompany borrowings.
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Table of Contents

Long-term Debt

(PPL)

In April 2020,2021, PPL Capital Funding entered into arepaid the $100 million term loan credit facility expiring in March 2022 and borrowed the full principal amount under the facility at an initial interest rate of 1.72%. The applicable interest rate on borrowings fluctuates periodically and is based on LIBOR plus a spread. The proceeds were used to repay short-term debt and for general corporate purposes.2022.

In April 2020, PPL Capital Funding issued $1 billion
45

Table of 4.125% Senior Notes due 2030. PPL Capital Funding received proceeds of $993 million, net of a discount and underwriting fees, which were used to repay short-term debt and for general corporate purposes.
Contents
PPL has guaranteed PPL Capital Funding's obligations under the credit agreement and notes.

In October 2020, WPD (South Wales) issued £250 million of 1.625% Senior Notes due 2035. WPD (South Wales) received proceeds of £247 million which equated to $319 million at the time of issuance, net of fees and a discount. The proceeds will be used to repay the £150 million of 9.25% Notes due in November 2020 and for general corporate purposes.

(PPL and PPL Electric)

In October 2020, PPL Electric issued $250 million of First Mortgage Bonds, Floating Rate Series due 2023. PPL Electric received proceeds of $249 million, net of discounts and underwriting fees, which will be used to repay short-term debt and for general corporate purposes.

In October 2020, the Pennsylvania Economic Development Financing Authority (PEDFA) remarketed $90 million of Pollution Control Revenue Refunding Bonds, Series 2008 (PPL Electric Utilities Corporation Project) due 2023, previously issued on behalf of PPL Electric. The bonds were remarketed at a long-term rate and will bear interest at 0.40% through their maturity date of October 1, 2023.

(PPL and LKE)

In August 2020, LKE redeemed $475 million of 3.75% senior notes due November 2020.

(PPL, LKE and LG&E)

In September 2020,April 2021, the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government of Trimble, Kentucky remarketed $125$128 million of Pollution Control Revenue Refunding Bonds, 20162003 Series A due 20442033 previously issued on behalf of LG&E. The bonds were remarketed at a long-term rate and will bear interest at 1.30%2.00% through their mandatory purchasematurity date of SeptemberOctober 1, 2027.2033.

In September 2020,May 2021, the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government of Trimble, Kentucky remarketed $23$35 million of Pollution Control Revenue Bonds, 2001 Series AB due 20262027 previously issued on behalf of LG&E. The bonds were remarketed at a long-term rate and will bear interest at 0.90%1.35% through their maturity date of SeptemberNovember 1, 2026.

(PPL, LKE and KU)2027.

In June 2020, KU issued $500May 2021, the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government of Kentucky remarketed $35 million of 3.30% First MortgagePollution Control Revenue Bonds, 2001 Series B due 2050. KU received proceeds2027 previously issued on behalf of $493 million, netLG&E. The bonds were remarketed at a long-term rate and will bear interest at 1.35% through their maturity date of discounts and underwriting fees, which were initially used to repay short-term debt and for other general corporate purposes, pending application to the redemption of KU’s 3.25% First Mortgage Bonds in August 2020.November 1, 2027.

In August 2020, KU redeemed $500 million of 3.25% First Mortgage Bonds due November 2020.(PPL)

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Equity Securities

ATM Program

In February 2018, PPL entered into an equity distribution agreement, pursuant to which PPL may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate of $1.0 billion of its common stock through an at-the-market offering program, including a forward sales component. The compensation paid to the selling agents by PPL may be up to 2% of the gross offering proceeds of the shares. There were 0 issuances under the ATM program for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021. The ATM program expired in February 2021.

Distributions

In August 2020,February 2021, PPL declared a quarterly common stock dividend, payable OctoberApril 1, 2020,2021, of 41.5 cents per share (equivalent to $1.66 per annum). Future dividends, declared at the discretion of the Board of Directors, will depend upon future earnings, cash flows, financial and legal requirements and other factors.

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9. Acquisitions, Development and Divestitures

(PPL)

On August 10, 2020, PPL announced that it has initiated a formal process to sell its U.K. utility business. PPL noted that there can be no assurance of any specific outcome, including whether the sale process will result in the completion of any potential transaction, the timing or terms thereof, the value or benefits that may be realized or the effect that any potential transaction will have on future financial results.Discontinued Operations

Share Purchase Agreement to Sell U.K. Utility Business
As
On March 17, 2021, PPL WPD Limited (WPD Limited) entered into a resultshare purchase agreement (WPD SPA) to sell PPL's U.K. utility business to National Grid Holdings One plc (National Grid U.K.), a subsidiary of National Grid plc. Pursuant to the WPD SPA, National Grid U.K. will acquire 100% of the potential sale,issued share capital of PPL assessedWPD Investments Limited (WPD Investments) for £7.8 billion in cash. WPD Limited will also receive an additional amount of £548,000 for each day during the recoverabilityperiod from January 1, 2021 to the closing date if the dividends usually declared by WPD Investments to WPD Limited are not paid for that period.

The completion of the assetstransaction, which is currently expected to occur by the end of itsJuly 2021, is subject to approval by National Grid plc's shareholders and receipt of regulatory approvals from the Financial Conduct Authority (the FCA), the Guernsey Financial Services Commission and, if applicable at the time of closing, from the U.K. utility business. PPL prepared a probability-weighted undiscounted cash flow estimate asSecretary of September 30, 2020 that consideredState in connection with the likelihoodNational Security and Investment Bill 2020. On April 22, 2021, National Grid plc’s shareholders approved the transaction pursuant to the listing rules of the possible outcomesFCA. On May 4, 2021, the Guernsey Financial Services Commission approved the transaction. The approval of the sale process, includingFCA is the possibility of not sellingsole remaining approval before the transaction can be consummated.

WPD Limited and National Grid U.K. utility business. The resulting cash flow analysis exceededhave each made customary representations and warranties in the carrying valueWPD SPA, as well as certain customary covenants by WPD Limited to conduct the businesses that are subject to the WPD SPA in the ordinary course between the execution of the assetsWPD SPA and the closing of the sale. National Grid U.K. utility business. A change in the possible outcomes, at its expense, has purchased warranty and indemnity insurance. The consummation of the sale process could result in the carrying value of the assets oftransaction is not subject to a financing condition. PPL will not have any significant involvement with the U.K. utility business not being recoverable, which could result in an impairment in future periods.after completion of the sale.

Loss on Sale

The
In connection with entering into the WPD SPA, the U.K. utility business will continue to be classified as held and used until it meetshas met the accounting criteria to be classified as assets and liabilities held for sale which includes management obtaining a commitment to a plan to sell from its Boardand discontinued operations beginning with the first quarter of Directors.

Should the U.K. utility business meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale in a future period, PPL will be required at that time to compare the estimated fair value of its2021. Accordingly, PPL’s investment in the U.K. utility business has been reported at its estimated fair value, less costs to sell, resulting in an estimated pre-tax loss on sale of $1.6 billion as of March 31, 2021, as determined below.
Three Months
2021
Sales proceeds (a)$10,806 
Costs to sell (b)48 
Carrying value (c)12,405 
Loss on Sale (d)(1,647)

(a)Amount represents a contractual selling price of £7.8 billion (a Level 1 fair value measurement) as well as accrued additional consideration of approximately £49 million converted at the March 31, 2021 spot rate of $1.38 per GBP.
(b)Estimated amounts incurred for bank advisory, legal and accounting fees to its carrying value for impairment purposes. facilitate the transaction.
(c)The measurement of PPL’s carrying value of the U.K. utility business will includeincludes the realization of accumulated other comprehensive losses of $3.7 billion, which could arisearose primarily from currency translation adjustments and defined benefit plans associated with the U.K. utility business.
(d)This loss has been recorded as a reduction to goodwill.

Summarized Results of Discontinued Operations

The operations of the U.K. utility business are included in "Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of income taxes)" on the Statements of Income. Following are the components of discontinued operations in the Statements of Income for the periods ended March 31:
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Three Months
20212020
Operating Revenues$634 $614 
Operating Expenses252 222 
Other Income (Expense) - net66 130 
Interest Expense (a)93 93 
Income before income taxes355 429 
Loss on sale(1,647)
Income tax expense (b)751 79 
Income (loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of income taxes)$(2,043)$350 

(a)No interest from corporate level debt was allocated to discontinued operations.
(b)2021 primarily includes a federal tax expense of $689 million for the recognition of the tax cost associated with the realization of the book-tax outside basis difference in PPL's investment in the U.K. utility business and foreign tax expense of $73 million on current year operations.

Summarized Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

The assets and liabilities of PPL's U.K. utility business at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are included in "Current assets held for sale" and "Current liabilities held for sale" on PPL's Balance Sheets. The following major classes of assets and liabilities were reclassified on PPL's Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
Held for Sale at March 31, 2021Held for Sale at December 31, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents$152 $266 
Accounts receivable and unbilled revenues459 389 
Price risk management assets62 146 
Property, plant and equipment, net (a)15,236 14,392 
Goodwill (b)1,029 2,558 
Other intangibles434 413 
Pension benefit asset911 682 
Other assets142 137 
Total Assets$18,425 $18,983 
Short-term debt and long-term debt due within one year$812 $994 
Accounts payable199 220 
Customer deposits240 217 
Accrued interest178 190 
Long-term debt8,297 7,938 
Total deferred income taxes1,123 1,032 
Price risk management liabilities180 137 
Other deferred credits and liabilities347 295 
Total Liabilities$11,376 $11,023 
Net assets (c)$7,049 $7,960 

(a)Depreciation of fixed assets ceased upon classification as held for sale.
(b)The change in Goodwill is due to the loss on sale of $1,647 million and a gain on foreign currency translation of $118 million.
(c)The net assets and liabilities held for sale exclude $3.7 billion of accumulated other comprehensive losses related to the U.K. utility business that are required to be included in the carrying value of the loss on sale calculation presented above. Accumulated other comprehensive losses related to the U.K. utility business will be reported as a component of PPL’s equity until the sale of the U.K. utility business occurs.

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Acquisitions

Share Purchase Agreement to Acquire The Narragansett Electric Company

On March 17, 2021, PPL and its subsidiary, PPL Energy Holdings, entered into a share purchase agreement (Narragansett SPA) with National Grid USA (National Grid U.S.), a subsidiary of National Grid plc to acquire 100% of the outstanding shares of common stock of The Narragansett Electric Company (Narragansett Electric) for approximately $3.8 billion in cash. On May 3, 2021, an Assignment and Assumption Agreement was entered into by PPL, PPL Energy Holdings, PPL Rhode Island Holdings and National Grid U.S. whereby certain interests of PPL Energy Holdings in the Narragansett SPA were assigned to and assumed by PPL Rhode Island Holdings. Pursuant to that Assignment and Assumption Agreement, PPL Rhode Island Holdings became the purchasing entity under the Narragansett SPA. The acquisition is expected to be funded with proceeds from the sale of the U.K. utility business. PPL has agreed to guarantee all obligations of PPL Energy Holdings and PPL Rhode Island Holdings under the Narragansett SPA and the related Assignment and Assumption Agreement.

The closing of the acquisition, which is currently expected to occur by March 2022, is subject to the prior closing of the sale of WPD Investments to National Grid U.K. and is also subject to the receipt of certain U.S. regulatory approvals, including, among others, clearance under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, receipt of the approvals, authorizations or waivers from the Rhode Island Division of Public Utilities and Carriers, the FERC and the Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities, as well as other customary conditions to closing, including the execution and delivery of certain related transaction documents. PPL Energy Holdings and PPL Rhode Island Holdings and National Grid U.S. have each made customary representations, warranties and covenants in the Narragansett SPA, including, among others, customary indemnification provisions and covenants by National Grid U.S. to conduct the Narragansett Electric business in the ordinary course between the execution of the Narragansett SPA and the closing of the acquisition. The consummation of the transaction is not subject to a financing condition.

In connection with the acquisition, National Grid U.S. and one or more of its subsidiaries and PPL Energy Holdings and/or one or more of its subsidiaries will enter into a transition services agreement, pursuant to which National Grid U.S. and/or one or more of its affiliates will agree to provide certain transition services to Narragansett Electric and its affiliates to facilitate the operation of Narragansett Electric following the consummation of the acquisition and the transition of operations to PPL, as agreed upon in the Narragansett SPA.

10. Defined Benefits

(PPL, LKE and LG&E)

Certain net periodic defined benefit costs are applied to accounts that are further distributed among capital, expense, regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities, including certain costs allocated to applicable subsidiaries for plans sponsored by PPL Services and LKE. Following are the net periodic defined benefit costs (credits) of the plans sponsored by PPL and its subsidiaries, LKE, and LG&E for the periods ended September 30:March 31:
Pension Benefits
 Three Months
 U.S.U.K. (a)
 2021202020212020
PPL
Service cost$13 $13 $25 $23 
Interest cost32 38 29 36 
Expected return on plan assets(61)(60)(177)(158)
Amortization of:
Prior service cost
Actuarial loss25 20 54 54 
Net periodic defined benefit costs (credits)$11 $13 $(69)$(45)

(a)    U.K. amounts are reflected in discontinued operations. See Note 9 for additional information on the share purchase agreement to sell the U.K. utility business.

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Pension Benefits
 Three MonthsNine Months
 U.S.U.K.U.S.U.K.
 20202019202020192020201920202019
PPL    
Service cost$14 $13 $22 $17 $42 $38 $66 $51 
Interest cost35 41 36 45 109 123 107 140 
Expected return on plan assets(62)(62)(155)(144)(185)(184)(464)(442)
Amortization of:
Prior service cost
Actuarial loss23 15 52 22 67 42 158 69 
Net periodic defined benefit costs (credits) before settlements13 (44)(59)40 25 (132)(181)
Settlements (a)13 13 
Net periodic defined benefit costs (credits)$26 $$(44)$(59)$53 $26 $(132)$(181)

(a)Due to the amount of lump sum payment distributions from the LKE qualified pension plan, an estimated settlement charge of $13 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was incurred. In accordance with existing regulatory accounting treatment, LG&E and KU have primarily maintained the settlement charge in regulatory assets to be amortized over fifteen years. The portion of the settlement attributed to LKE's unregulated operations has been charged to expense.

Pension BenefitsPension Benefits
Three MonthsNine MonthsThree Months
2020201920202019 20212020
LKELKELKE
Service costService cost$$$18 $16 Service cost$$
Interest costInterest cost14 16 43 49 Interest cost14 16 
Expected return on plan assetsExpected return on plan assets(25)(25)(75)(76)Expected return on plan assets(24)(24)
Amortization of:Amortization of:Amortization of:
Prior service costPrior service costPrior service cost
Actuarial loss (a)Actuarial loss (a)11 30 17 Actuarial loss (a)11 
Net periodic defined benefit costs (credits) before settlements22 12 
Settlements (b)13 13 
Net periodic defined benefit costs (credits) (c)Net periodic defined benefit costs (credits) (c)$21 $$35 $12 Net periodic defined benefit costs (credits) (c)$$

(a)    As a result of treatment approved by the KPSC, the difference between actuarial loss calculated in accordance with LKE's accounting policy and actuarial loss calculated using a 15-year amortization period was $3 million and $9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and $2 million and $3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. This difference is recorded as a regulatory asset.2020.
(b) Due to the amount of lump sum payment distributions from the LKE qualified pension plan, an estimated settlement charge of $13 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was incurred. In accordance with existing regulatory accounting treatment, LG&E and KU have primarily maintained the settlement charge in regulatory assets to be amortized over fifteen years. The portion of the settlement attributed to LKE's unregulated operations has been charged to expense..
(c)     Due to the amount of lump sum payment distributions from the LG&E qualified pension plan, a settlement charge of $5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was incurred. In accordance with existing regulatory accounting treatment, LG&E maintained the settlement charge in regulatory assets. The amount is being amortized over fifteen years.
Pension Benefits
 Three MonthsNine Months
 2019 (a)2019 (a)
LG&E
Service cost$$
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets(5)(16)
Amortization of: 
Prior service cost
Actuarial loss (b)
Net periodic defined benefit costs (c)$$

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(a)    The pension plans sponsored by LKE and LG&E were merged effective January 1, 2020 into the LG&E and KU Pension Plan, sponsored by LKE.
(b) As a result of treatment approved by the KPSC, the difference between actuarial loss calculated in accordance with LG&E's accounting policy and actuarial loss calculated using a 15-year amortization period was $1 million and $2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. This difference is recorded as a regulatory asset.
(c) Due to the amount of lump sum payment distributions from the LG&E qualified pension plan, a settlement charge of $5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was incurred. In accordance with existing regulatory accounting treatment, LG&E maintained the settlement charge in regulatory assets. The amount is being amortized over fifteen years.

Other Postretirement Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits
Three MonthsNine Months Three Months
2020201920202019 20212020
PPLPPL  PPL
Service costService cost$$$$Service cost$$
Interest costInterest cost14 16 Interest cost
Expected return on plan assetsExpected return on plan assets(5)(5)(16)(14)Expected return on plan assets(5)(5)
Amortization of:
Prior service cost
Actuarial loss
Net periodic defined benefit costsNet periodic defined benefit costs$$$$Net periodic defined benefit costs$$
LKELKE  LKE
Service costService cost$$$$Service cost$$
Interest costInterest costInterest cost
Expected return on plan assetsExpected return on plan assets(2)(2)(7)(6)Expected return on plan assets(2)(2)
Amortization of:
Prior service cost
Actuarial gain(1)(1)(1)
Net periodic defined benefit costsNet periodic defined benefit costs$$$$Net periodic defined benefit costs$$

(PPL Electric, LG&E and KU)

PPL Electric is allocated costs of defined benefit plans sponsored by PPL Services and LG&E and KU are allocated costs of defined benefit plans sponsored by LKE. LG&E and KU are also allocated costs of defined benefit plans from LKS for defined benefit plans sponsored by LKE. See Note 12 for additional information on costs allocated to LG&E and KU from LKS. These allocations are based on participation in those plans, which management believes are reasonable. For the periods ended September 30,March 31, PPL Services allocated the following net periodic defined benefit costs to PPL Electric, and LKE allocated the following net periodic defined benefit costs to LG&E and KU:
Three MonthsNine Months Three Months
2020201920202019 20212020
PPL ElectricPPL Electric$$$$PPL Electric$$
LG&E (a)LG&E (a)14 LG&E (a)
KUKUKU

(a)    Allocations to LG&E increased in 2020 primarily due to the merger of plans sponsored by LKE and LG&E effective January 1, 2020 into the LG&E and KU Pension Plan.

(All Registrants)

The non-service cost components of net periodic defined benefit costs (credits) (interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service cost and amortization of actuarial gain and loss) are presented in "Other Income (Expense) - net" on the Statements of Income. See Note 13 for additional information.

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Cash Flows - U.S. Pension Plans

(PPL, LKE and LG&E)

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, LKE contributed $22 million to its pension plans. LKE anticipates making $23 million in additional contributions in the fourth quarter of 2020.

11. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Matters

(All Registrants)

PPL and its subsidiaries are involved in legal proceedings, claims and litigation in the ordinary course of business. PPL and its subsidiaries cannot predict the outcome of such matters, or whether such matters may result in material liabilities, unless otherwise noted.

Talen Litigation (PPL)

Background

In September 2013, one of PPL's former subsidiaries, PPL Montana entered into an agreement to sell its hydroelectric generating facilities. In June 2014, PPL and PPL Energy Supply, the parent company of PPL Montana, entered into various definitive agreements with affiliates of Riverstone to spin off PPL Energy Supply and ultimately combine it with Riverstone's competitive power generation businesses to form a stand-alone company named Talen Energy. In November 2014, after executing the spinoff agreements but prior to the closing of the spinoff transaction, PPL Montana closed the sale of its hydroelectric generating facilities. Subsequently, on June 1, 2015, the spinoff of PPL Energy Supply was completed. Following the spinoff transaction, PPL had no continuing ownership interest in or control of PPL Energy Supply. In connection with the spinoff transaction, PPL Montana became Talen Montana, LLC (Talen Montana), a subsidiary of Talen Energy. Talen Energy Marketing also became a subsidiary of Talen Energy as a result of the June 2015 spinoff of PPL Energy Supply. Talen Energy has owned and operated both Talen Montana and Talen Energy Marketing since the spinoff. At the time of the spinoff, affiliates of Riverstone acquired a 35% ownership interest in Talen Energy. Riverstone subsequently acquired the remaining interests in Talen Energy in a take private transaction in December 2016.

Talen Montana Retirement Plan and Talen Energy Marketing, LLC, Individually and on Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated v. PPL Corporation et al.

On October 29, 2018, Talen Montana Retirement Plan and Talen Energy Marketing filed a putative class action complaint on behalf of current and contingent creditors of Talen Montana who allegedly suffered harm or allegedly will suffer reasonably foreseeable harm as a result of a November 2014 distribution of proceeds from the sale of then-PPL Montana's hydroelectric generating facilities. The action was filed in the Sixteenth Judicial District of the State of Montana, Rosebud County, against PPL and certain of its affiliates and current and former officers and directors (Talen Putative Class Action). Plaintiff asserts claims for, among other things, fraudulent transfer, both actual and constructive; recovery against subsequent transferees; civil conspiracy; aiding and abetting tortious conduct; and unjust enrichment. Plaintiff is seeking avoidance of the purportedly fraudulent transfer, unspecified damages, including punitive damages, the imposition of a constructive trust, and other relief. In December 2018, PPL removed the Talen Putative Class Action from the Sixteenth Judicial District of the State of Montana to the United States District Court for the District of Montana, Billings Division (MT Federal Court). In January 2019, the plaintiff moved to remand the Talen Putative Class Action back to state court, and dismissed without prejudice all current and former PPL Corporation directors from the case. In September 2019, the MT Federal Court granted plaintiff's motion to remand the case back to state court. Although, the PPL defendants petitioned the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals to grant an appeal of the remand decision, in November 2019, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals denied that request and in December 2019, Talen Montana Retirement Plan filed a Second Amended Complaint in the Sixteenth Judicial District of the State of Montana, Rosebud County, which removed Talen Energy Marketing as a plaintiff. In January 2020, PPL defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint or, in the alternative, to stay the proceedings pending the resolution of the below mentioned Delaware Action. The Court held a hearing on June 24, 2020 regarding the motion to dismiss.motions. On September 11, 2020, the Court granted PPL defendants' alternative Motion for a Stay of the proceedings.
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PPL Corporation et al. vs. Riverstone Holdings LLC, Talen Energy Corporation et al.

On November 30, 2018, PPL, certain PPL affiliates, and certain current and former officers and directors (PPL plaintiffs) filed a complaint in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware seeking various forms of relief against Riverstone, Talen Energy and certain of their affiliates (Delaware Action), in response to and as part of the defense strategy for an action filed by Talen Montana, LLC (the Talen Direct Action, since dismissed) and the Talen Putative Class Action described above (together, the Montana Actions) originally filed in Montana state court in October 2018. In the complaint, the PPL plaintiffs ask the Delaware Court of Chancery for declaratory and injunctive relief. This includes a declaratory judgment that, under the separation
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agreement governing the spinoff of PPL Energy Supply, all related claims that arise must be heard in Delaware; that the statute of limitations in Delaware and the spinoff agreement bar these claims at this time; that PPL is not liable for the claims in either the Talen Direct Action or the Talen Putative Class Action as PPL Montana was solvent at all relevant times; and that the separation agreement requires that Talen Energy indemnify PPL for all losses arising from the debts of Talen Montana, among other things. PPL's complaint also seeks damages against Riverstone for interfering with the separation agreement and against Riverstone affiliates for breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. The complaint was subsequently amended on January 11, 2019 and March 20, 2019, to include, among other things, claims related to indemnification with respect to the Montana Actions, request a declaration that the Montana Actions are time-barred under the spinoff agreements, and allege additional facts to support the tortious interference claim. In April 2019, the defendants filed motions to dismiss the amended complaint. In July 2019, the Court heard oral arguments from the parties regarding the motions to dismiss, and in October 2019, the Delaware Court of Chancery issued an opinion sustaining all of the PPL plaintiffs' claims except for the claim for breach of implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. As a result of the dismissal of the Talen Direct Action in December 2019, in January 2020, Talen Energy filed a new motion to dismiss five of the remaining eight claims in the amended complaint. The Court heard oral argument on the motion to dismiss on May 28, 2020, and on June 22, 2020, issued an opinion denying the motion in its entirety. Discovery is proceeding, and a trial has been scheduled for June 2021.February 2022.

With respect to each of the Talen-related matters described above, PPL believes that the 2014 distribution of proceeds was made in compliance with all applicable laws and that PPL Montana was solvent at all relevant times. Additionally, the agreements entered into in connection with the spinoff, which PPL and affiliates of Talen Energy and Riverstone negotiated and executed prior to the 2014 distribution, directly address the treatment of the proceeds from the sale of PPL Montana's hydroelectric generating facilities; in those agreements, Talen Energy and Riverstone definitively agreed that PPL was entitled to retain the proceeds.

PPL believes that it has meritorious defenses to the claims made in the Talen Putative Class Action and intends to continue to vigorously defend against this action. The Talen Putative Class Action and the Delaware Action are both in early stages of litigation; at this time, PPL cannot predict the outcome of these matters or estimate the range of possible losses, if any, that PPL might incur as a result of the claims, although they could be material.

(PPL, LKE and LG&E)

Cane Run Environmental Claims

In December 2013, 6 residents, on behalf of themselves and others similarly situated, filed a class action complaint against LG&E and PPL in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Kentucky (U.S. District Court) alleging violations of the Clean Air Act, RCRA, and common law claims of nuisance, trespass and negligence. In July 2014, the U.S. District Court
dismissed the RCRA claims and all but 1 Clean Air Act claim, but declined to dismiss the common law tort claims. In February 2017, the U.S. District Court dismissed PPL as a defendant and dismissed the final federal claim against LG&E, and in April 2017, issued an Order declining to exercise supplemental jurisdiction on the state law claims dismissing the case in its entirety. In June 2017, the plaintiffs filed a class action complaint in Jefferson County, Kentucky Circuit Court, against LG&E alleging state law nuisance, negligence and trespass tort claims. The plaintiffs seek compensatory and punitive damages for alleged property damage due to purported plant emissions on behalf of a class of residents within 1 to 3 miles of the plant.On January 8, 2020, the Jefferson Circuit Court issued an order denying the plaintiffs’ request for class certification. On January 14, 2020, the plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal in the Kentucky Court of Appeals. On December 11, 2020, the Court of Appeals issued an order affirming the lower court’s denial of class certification. In December 2020, plaintiffs filed a petition for discretionary review with oral arguments scheduledthe Kentucky Supreme Court. On April 21, 2021, the Kentucky Supreme Court denied further review of the lower court order. The case will be remanded to the Jefferson Circuit Court for November 17, 2020.the claims of the three remaining petitioners to be heard on an individual basis. PPL, LKE and LG&E cannot predict the ultimate outcome of the remaining proceedings, but do not anticipate this matter and an estimatewill have a material impact on operations or range of possible losses cannot be determined.financial condition.

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(PPL, LKE and KU)

E.W. Brown Environmental Claims

In July 2017, the Kentucky Waterways Alliance and the Sierra Club filed a citizen suit complaint against KU in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky (U.S. District Court) alleging discharges at the E.W. Brown plant in violation of the Clean Water Act and the plant's water discharge permit and alleging contamination that may present an imminent and substantial endangerment in violation of the RCRA. The plaintiffs' suit relates to prior notices of intent to file a citizen suit submitted in October and November 2015 and October 2016. These plaintiffs sought injunctive relief ordering KU
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to take all actions necessary to comply with the Clean Water Act and RCRA, including ceasing the discharges in question, abating effects associated with prior discharges and eliminating the alleged imminent and substantial endangerment. These plaintiffs also sought assessment of civil penalties and an award of litigation costs and attorney fees. In December 2017, the U.S. District Court issued an Order dismissing the Clean Water Act and RCRA complaints against KU in their entirety. In January 2018, the plaintiffs appealed the dismissal Order to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. In September 2018, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit issued its ruling affirming the lower court's decision to dismiss the Clean Water Act claims but reversing its dismissal of the RCRA claims against KU and remanding the latter to the U.S. District Court. In October 2018, KU filed a petition for rehearing to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit regarding the RCRA claims. In November 2018, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied KU's petition for rehearing regarding the RCRA claims. In January 2019, KU filed an answer to plaintiffs’ complaint in the U.S. District Court. ADiscovery is complete and the parties' motions for partial summary judgment are pending. In December 2020, the U.S. District Court delayed the trial has been scheduled for February 2, 2021 indefinitely due to begin in February 2021.pandemic considerations. PPL, LKE and KU cannot predict the outcome of these matters and an estimate or range of possible losses cannot be determined.

KU is undertaking extensive remedial measures at the E.W. Brown plant including work preparing for closure of the former ash pond, implementation of a groundwater remedial action plan and performance of a corrective action plan including aquatic study of adjacent surface waters and risk assessment. The aquatic study and risk assessment are being undertaken pursuant to a 2017 agreed Order with the Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet (KEEC). KU conducted sampling of Herrington Lake in 2017 and 2018. In June 2019, KU submitted to the KEEC the required aquatic study and risk assessment, conducted by an independent third-party consultant, finding that discharges from the E.W. Brown plant have not had any significant impact on Herrington Lake and that the water in the lake is safe for recreational use and meets safe drinking water standards. However, until the KEEC assesses the study and issues any regulatory determinations, PPL, LKE and KU are unable to determine whether additional remedial measures will be required at the E.W. Brown plant.

Air

Sulfuric Acid Mist Emissions (PPL, LKE and LG&E)

In June 2016, the EPA issued a notice of violation under the Clean Air Act alleging that LG&E violated applicable rules relating to sulfuric acid mist emissions at its Mill Creek plant. The notice alleges failure to install proper controls, failure to operate the facility consistent with good air pollution control practice, and causing emissions exceeding applicable requirements or constituting a nuisance or endangerment. LG&E believes it has complied with applicable regulations during the relevant time period. On July 31, 2020, the U.S. Department of Justice and Louisville Metro Air Pollution Control District filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Kentucky alleging violations specified in the EPA notice of violation and seeking civil penalties and injunctive relief. In October 2020, LG&E filed a motion to dismiss the complaint. In OctoberDecember 2020, the U.S. Department of Justice indicated plans to fileand the Louisville Metro Air Pollution Control District filed an amended complaint, as authorized by an agreed order ofcomplaint. In February 2021, LG&E filed a renewed motion to dismiss regarding the court and parties.amended complaint. PPL, LKE and LG&E are unable to predict the outcome of this matter or the potential impact on operations of the Mill Creek plant, including increased capital or operating costs, and potential civil penalties or remedial measures, if any. An estimate or range of possible losses cannot be determined.

Water/Waste

(PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)

ELGs

In 2015, the EPA finalized ELGs for wastewater discharge permits for new and existing steam electricity generating facilities. These guidelines require deployment of additional control technologies providing physical, chemical and biological treatment and mandate operational changes including "no discharge" requirements for certain wastewaters. The implementation date for individual generating stations was to be determined by the states on a case-by-case basis according to criteria provided by the
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EPA. Legal challenges to the final rule were consolidated before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. In April 2017, the EPA announced that it would grant petitions for reconsideration of the rule. In September 2017, the EPA issued a rule to postpone the compliance date for certain requirements. On October 13, 2020, the EPA published final revisions to its best available technology standards for certain wastewaters and potential extensions to compliance dates. The rule willis expected to be implemented by the states or applicable permitting authorities in the course of their normal permitting activities. LG&E and KU have developedare currently implementing responsive compliance strategies and schedules. Certain aspects of these compliance plans and estimates relate to developments in state water quality standards, which are separate from the ELG rule or its implementation.
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Certain costs are included in the Registrants' capital plans and expected to be recovered from customers through rate recovery mechanisms, but additional costs and recovery will depend on further regulatory developments at the state level. See Note 7 for additional information regarding LG&E’s and KU’s applications for ECR rate treatment of construction costs relating to regulations addressing ELGs.

CCRs

In 2015, the EPA issued a final rule governing management of CCRs which include fly ash, bottom ash and sulfur dioxide scrubber wastes. The CCR Rule imposes extensive new requirements for certain CCR impoundments and landfills, including public notifications, location restrictions, design and operating standards, groundwater monitoring and corrective action requirements, and closure and post-closure care requirements, and specifies restrictions relating to the beneficial use of CCRs. In July 2018, the EPA issued a final rule extending the deadline for closure of certain impoundments and adopting other substantive changes. In August 2018, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals vacated and remanded portions of the CCR Rule. In December 2019, the EPA addressed the deficiencies identified by the court and proposed amendments to change the closure deadline. In August 2020, the EPA published a final rule extending the deadline to initiate closure to April 11, 2021, while providing for certain extensions. The EPA has announced that additionalis conducting ongoing rulemaking actions regarding various other amendments to the rule are planned.rule. Certain ongoing legal challenges to various provisions of the CCR Rule have been held in abeyance pending review by the EPA pursuant to the President's executive order. PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU are unable to predict the outcome of the ongoing litigation and rulemaking or potential impacts on current LG&E and KU compliance plans. The Registrants are currently finalizing closure plans and schedules.

In January 2017, Kentucky issued a new state rule relating to CCR management, effective May 2017, aimed at reflecting the requirements of the federal CCR rule. As a result of a subsequent legal challenge, in January 2018, the Franklin County, Kentucky Circuit Court issued an opinion invalidating certain procedural elements of the rule. LG&E and KU presently operate their facilities under continuing permits authorized under the former program and do not currently anticipate material impacts as a result of the judicial ruling. The Kentucky Energy and Environmental Cabinet has announced it intends to propose new state rules aimed at addressing procedural deficiencies identified by the court and providing the regulatory framework necessary for operation of the state program in lieu of the federal CCR Rule. Associated costs are expected to be subject to rate recovery.

LG&E and KU received KPSC approval for a compliance plan providing for the closure of impoundments at the Mill Creek, Trimble County, E.W. Brown, and Ghent stations, and construction of process water management facilities at those plants. In addition to the foregoing measures required for compliance with the federal CCR rule, KU also received KPSC approval for its plans to close impoundments at the retired Green River, Pineville and Tyrone plants to comply with applicable state law. Since 2017,As of April 2021, LG&E and KU have commenced closure of manyall of the subject impoundments and have completed closure of some of their smaller impoundments. LG&E and KU expect to commence closure of the remaining impoundments no later than April 2021. LG&E and KU generally expect to complete impoundment closures within five years of commencement, although a longer period may be required to complete closure of some facilities. Associated costs are expected to be subject to rate recovery.

In connection with the final CCR rule, LG&E and KU recorded adjustments to existing AROs beginning in 2015 and continue to record adjustments as required. See Note 16 for additional information. Further changes to AROs, current capital plans or operating costs may be required as estimates are refined based on closure developments, groundwater monitoring results, and regulatory or legal proceedings. Costs relating to this rule are subject to rate recovery.

(All Registrants)

Superfund and Other Remediation
 
PPL Electric, LG&E and KU are potentially responsible for investigating and remediating contamination under the federal Superfund program and similar state programs. Actions are under way at certain sites including former coal gas manufacturing plants in Pennsylvania and Kentucky previously owned or operated by, or currently owned by predecessors or affiliates of, PPL Electric, LG&E and KU. PPL Electric is potentially responsible for a share of clean-up costs at certain sites including the
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Columbia Gas Plant site and the Brodhead site. Clean-upCleanup actions have been or are being undertaken at all of these sites as requested by governmental agencies, the costs of which have not been and are not expected to be significant to PPL Electric.
 
As of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, PPL Electric had a recorded liability of $10 million representing its best estimate of the probable loss to be incurred to remediate the sites identified above. Depending on the outcome of investigations at identified sites where investigations have not begun or been completed, or developments at sites for which information is incomplete, additional costs of remediation could be incurred. PPL Electric, LG&E and KU lack sufficient information about such additional sites to estimate any potential liability or range of reasonably possible losses, if any, related to these sites. Such costs, however, are not currently expected to be significant.
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The EPA is evaluating the risks associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and naphthalene, chemical by-products of coal gas manufacturing. As a result, individual states may establish stricter standards for water quality and soil cleanup, that could require several PPL subsidiaries to take more extensive assessment and remedial actions at former coal gas manufacturing plants. PPL, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU cannot estimate a range of possible losses, if any, related to these matters.

Regulatory Issues (All Registrants)

See Note 7 for information on regulatory matters related to utility rate regulation.

Electricity - Reliability Standards

The NERC is responsible for establishing and enforcing mandatory reliability standards (Reliability Standards) regarding the bulk electric system in North America. The FERC oversees this process and independently enforces the Reliability Standards.

The Reliability Standards have the force and effect of law and apply to certain users of the bulk electric system, including electric utility companies, generators and marketers. Under the Federal Power Act, the FERC may assess civil penalties for certain violations.

PPL Electric, LG&E and KU monitor their compliance with the Reliability Standards and self-report or self-log potential violations of applicable reliability requirements whenever identified, and submit accompanying mitigation plans, as required. The resolution of a small number of potential violations is pending. Penalties incurred to date have not been significant. Any Regional Reliability Entity determination concerning the resolution of violations of the Reliability Standards remains subject to the approval of the NERC and the FERC.

In the course of implementing their programs to ensure compliance with the Reliability Standards by those PPL affiliates subject to the standards, certain other instances of potential non-compliance may be identified from time to time. The Registrants cannot predict the outcome of these matters, and an estimate or range of possible losses cannot be determined.

Other

Labor Union Agreements
(LKE and KU)

In August 2020, KU and the United Steelworkers of America ratified a three-year labor agreement through August 2023. The agreement covers approximately 48 employees. The terms of the new labor agreement are not expected to have a significant impact on the financial results of LKE or KU.

(LKE and LG&E)

On November 4, 2020, LG&E and the IBEW reached an agreement in principle regarding a new three-year collective bargaining agreement. The proposed agreement is to be submitted to a vote of IBEW union members during early November 2020. The agreement covers approximately 640 employees. The terms of the proposed labor agreement are not expected to have a significant impact on the financial results of LKE or LG&E. The Registrants cannot predict the ultimate outcome of this matter.

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Guarantees and Other Assurances
 
(All Registrants)

In the normal course of business, the Registrants enter into agreements that provide financial performance assurance to third parties on behalf of certain subsidiaries. Such agreements include, for example, guarantees, stand-by letters of credit issued by financial institutions and surety bonds issued by insurance companies. These agreements are entered into primarily to support or enhance the creditworthiness attributed to a subsidiary on a stand-alone basis or to facilitate the commercial activities in which these subsidiaries engage.
 
(PPL)
 
PPL fully and unconditionally guarantees all of the debt securities of PPL Capital Funding.
 

(All Registrants)
 
The table below details guarantees provided as of September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021. "Exposure" represents the estimated maximum potential amount of future payments that could be required to be made under the guarantee. The probability of expected payment/performance under each of these guarantees is remote except for "WPD guarantee of pension and other obligations of unconsolidated entities," for which PPL has a total recorded liability of $4 million at March 31, 2021 and $5 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.2020,which is included in “Current liabilities held for sale” on the Balance Sheets. For reporting purposes, on a consolidated basis, all guarantees of PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU also apply to PPL, and all guarantees of LG&E and KU also apply to LKE.
Exposure at September 30, 2020Expiration
Date
PPL   
WPD indemnifications for entities in liquidation and sales of assets$10 (a)2022
WPD guarantee of pension and other obligations of unconsolidated entities90 (b) 
LKE   
Indemnification of lease termination and other divestitures200 (c)2021
LG&E and KU   
LG&E and KU obligation of shortfall related to OVEC(d) 

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Exposure at March 31, 2021Expiration
Date
PPL   
WPD indemnifications for entities in liquidation and sales of assets$11 (a)2023
WPD guarantee of pension and other obligations of unconsolidated entities96 (b) 
LKE   
Indemnification of lease termination and other divestitures$200 (c)2021
LG&E and KU   
LG&E and KU obligation of shortfall related to OVEC(d) 

(a)Indemnification to the liquidators and certain others for existing liabilities or expenses or liabilities arising during the liquidation process. The indemnifications are limited to distributions made from the subsidiary to its parent either prior or subsequent to liquidation or are not explicitly stated in the agreements. The indemnifications generally expire 2 to 7 years subsequent to the date of dissolution of the entities. The exposure noted only includes those cases where the agreements provide for specific limits.

In connection with their sales of various businesses, WPD and its affiliates have provided the purchasers with indemnifications that are standard for such transactions, including indemnifications for certain pre-existing liabilities and environmental and tax matters or have agreed to continue their obligations under existing third-party guarantees, either for a set period of time following the transactions or upon the condition that the purchasers make reasonable efforts to terminate the guarantees. Additionally, WPD and its affiliates remain secondarily responsible for lease payments under certain leases that they have assigned to third parties.
(b)Relates to certain obligations of discontinued or modified electric associations that were guaranteed at the time of privatization by the participating members. Costs are allocated to the members and can be reallocated if an existing member becomes insolvent. At September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, WPD has recorded an estimated discounted liability for which the expected payment/performance is probable. Neither the expiration date nor the maximum amount of potential payments for certain obligations is explicitly stated in the related agreements, and as a result, the exposure has been estimated.
(c)LKE provides certain indemnifications covering the due and punctual payment, performance and discharge by each party of its respective obligations. The most comprehensive of these guarantees is the LKE guarantee covering operational, regulatory and environmental commitments and indemnifications made by WKE under a 2009 Transaction Termination Agreement. This guarantee has a term of 12 years ending July 2021, and a maximum exposure of $200 million exclusive of certain items such as government fines and penalties that may exceed the maximum. Additionally, LKE has indemnified various third parties related to historical obligations for other divested subsidiaries and affiliates. The indemnifications vary by entity and the maximum exposures range from being capped at the sale price to no specified maximum. LKE could be required to perform on these indemnifications in the event of covered losses or liabilities being claimed by an indemnified party. LKE cannot predict the ultimate outcomes of the various indemnification scenarios, but does not expect such outcomes to result in significant losses above the amounts recorded.
(d)Pursuant to the OVEC power purchase contract, LG&E and KU are obligated to pay for their share of OVEC's excess debt service, post-retirement and decommissioning costs, as well as any shortfall from amounts included within a demand charge designed and expected to cover these costs over the term of the contract. LKE's proportionate share of OVEC's outstanding debt was $105$103 million at September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, consisting of LG&E's share of $73$71 million and KU's share of $32 million. The maximum exposure and the expiration date of these potential obligations are not presently determinable. See "Energy Purchase Commitments" in Note 1311 in PPL's, LKE's, LG&E's and KU's 20192020 Form 10-K for additional information on the OVEC power purchase contract.

In March 2018, a sponsor with a 4.85% pro-rata share of OVEC obligations filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 11 and, in August 2018, received a rejection order for the OVEC power purchase contract in the bankruptcy proceeding. OVEC and other entities challenged the contract rejection, the
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bankruptcy plan confirmation and regulatory aspects of the plan in various forums. In May 2020, OVEC and the relevant sponsor announced a settlement resolving all disputed matters in the bankruptcy and other proceedings, including providing that the sponsor will withdraw its request to reject the power purchase agreement. The settlement was implemented in July 2020. Periodically, OVEC and certain of its sponsors, including LG&E and KU, may consider certain potential additional credit support actions to preserve OVEC's access to credit markets, including establishing or continuing debt reserve accounts or other changes involving OVEC's existing short and long-term debt.

The Registrants provide other miscellaneous guarantees through contracts entered into in the normal course of business. These guarantees are primarily in the form of indemnification or warranties related to services or equipment and vary in duration. The amounts of these guarantees often are not explicitly stated, and the overall maximum amount of the obligation under such guarantees cannot be reasonably estimated. Historically, no significant payments have been made with respect to these types of guarantees and the probability of payment/performance under these guarantees is remote.

PPL, on behalf of itself and certain of its subsidiaries, maintains insurance that covers liability assumed under contract for bodily injury and property damage. The coverage provides maximum aggregate coverage of $225 million. This insurance may be applicable to obligations under certain of these contractual arrangements.

Risks and Uncertainties (All Registrants)

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the U.S. and global economies and continues to present extraordinary challenges to businesses, communities, workforces and markets. In the U.S. and throughout the world, governmental authorities have taken urgent and extensive actions to contain the spread of the virus and mitigate known or foreseeable impacts. In the Registrants’ service territories, mitigation measures have included quarantines, stay-at-home orders, travel restrictions, reduced operations or closures of businesses, schools and governmental agencies, and legislative or regulatory actions to address health or other pandemic-related concerns, all of which have the potential to adversely impact the Registrants' business and operations, especially if these measures remain in effect for a prolonged period of time.
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To date, the Registrants have not experienced a significantthere has been no material impact on their business, results ofthe Registrants’ operations, financial condition, liquidity operations or on their supply chain as a result of COVID-19; however, the duration and severity of the outbreak and its ultimate effects on the global economy, the financial markets, or the Registrants’ workforce, customers and suppliers are uncertain. A protracted slowdown of broad sectors of the economy, prolonged or pervasive restrictions on businesses and their workforces, or significant changes in legislation or regulatory policy to address the COVID-19 pandemic all present significant risks to the Registrants. These or other unpredictable events resulting from the pandemic could further reduce customer demand for electricity and gas, impact the Registrants’ employees and supply chains, result in an increase in certain costs, delay payments or increase bad debts, or result in changes in the fair value of their assets and liabilities, which could materially and adversely affect the Registrants’ business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

12. Related Party Transactions

Support Costs (PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

PPL Services, PPL EU Services and LKS provide PPL, PPL Electric and LKE, their respective subsidiaries, including LG&E and KU, and each other with administrative, management and support services. For all services companies, the costs of directly assignable and attributable services are charged to the respective recipients as direct support costs. General costs that cannot be directly assigned or attributed to a specific entity are allocated and charged to the respective recipients as indirect support costs. PPL Services and PPL EU Services use a three-factor methodology that includes the applicable recipients' invested capital, operation and maintenance expenses and number of employees to allocate indirect costs. PPL Services may also use a ratio of overall direct and indirect costs or a weighted average cost ratio. LKS bases its indirect allocations on the subsidiaries' number of employees, total assets, revenues, number of customers and/or other statistical information. PPL Services, PPL EU Services and LKS charged the following amounts for the periods ended September 30,March 31, including amounts applied to accounts that are further distributed between capital and expense on the books of the recipients, based on methods that are believed to be reasonable.
 Three MonthsNine Months
 2020201920202019
PPL Electric from PPL Services
$11 $14 $37 $43 
LKE from PPL Services19 20 
PPL Electric from PPL EU Services44 38 126 112 
LG&E from LKS43 37 125 112 
KU from LKS45 42 132 126 
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 Three Months
 20212020
PPL Electric from PPL Services
$10 $10 
LKE from PPL Services
PPL Electric from PPL EU Services50 41 
LG&E from LKS42 38 
KU from LKS44 41 

In addition to the charges for services noted above, LKS makes payments on behalf of LG&E and KU for fuel purchases and other costs for products or services provided by third parties. LG&E and KU also provide services to each other and to LKS. Billings between LG&E and KU relate to labor and overheads associated with union and hourly employees performing work for the other company, charges related to jointly-owned generating units and other miscellaneous charges. Tax settlements between LKE and LG&E and KU are reimbursed through LKS.

Intercompany Borrowings

(PPL Electric)

PPL Energy Funding maintains a $650 million revolving line of credit with a PPL Electric subsidiary. NaN balance was outstanding at September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019.2020. The interest rates on borrowings are equal to one-month LIBOR plus a spread. Interest income is reflected in "Interest Income from Affiliate" on the Income Statements.

(LKE)

LKE maintains a $375 million revolving line of credit with a PPL Energy Funding subsidiary whereby LKE can borrow funds on a short-term basis at market-based rates. The interest rates on borrowings are equal to one-month LIBOR plus a spread. At September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019, $1532020, $227 million and $150$251 million were outstanding and reflected in "Notes payable with affiliates" on the Balance Sheets. The interest rates on the outstanding borrowings at September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 were 1.66%1.62% and 3.20%1.65%. Interest expense on the revolving line of credit was $1 million and $4 millionnot significant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and $2 million and $5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.2020.

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LKE maintains an agreement with a PPL affiliate that has a $300 million borrowing limit whereby LKE can loan funds on a short-term basis at market-based rates. NaN balance was outstanding at September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019.2020. The interest rate on the loan is based on the PPL affiliate's credit rating and equal to one-month LIBOR plus a spread.

LKE maintains ten-year notes with a combined value of $400 million and $250 million$1.2 billion with a PPL affiliate with a weighted-average interest ratesrate of 3.5%3.89% and 4%.maturities ranging from 2026 to 2030. At September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the notes were reflected in "Long-term debt to affiliate" on the Balance Sheets. InterestThe total interest expense on the $400 million note10-year notes was $4$12 million and $11$7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and 2019. Interest expense on the $250 million note was $3 million and $8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.2020.

In May 2020, LKE entered into a $450 million term loan credit agreement with a PPL affiliate whereby LKE could borrow funds on a short-term basis at market-based rates. Interest on borrowings is determined as the lower of the daily rate for 30-day non-financial commercial paper programs plus a spread or one-month LIBOR plus a spread. The agreement expired on August 31, 2020. NaN balances were outstanding at September 30, 2020. Interest expense on borrowings was not significant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

In August 2020, LKE entered into a ten-year note of $550 million with a PPL affiliate with an interest rate of 4.125%. At September 30, 2020, this note was reflected in "Long-term debt to affiliate" on the Balance Sheets. Interest expense on the note was $3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

(LG&E and KU)

LG&E participates in an intercompany money pool agreement whereby LKE and/or KU make available to LG&E funds up to $750 millionthe difference between LG&E's FERC borrowing limit and LG&E's commercial paper capacity limit at an interest rate based on the lower of a market index of commercial paper issues.issues and two additional rate options based on LIBOR. LG&E's money pool borrowing limit is $325 million. NaN balances were outstanding at September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019.2020.

KU participates in an intercompany money pool agreement whereby LKE and/or LG&E make available to KU funds up to $650 millionthe difference between KU's FERC borrowing limit and KU's commercial paper capacity limit at an interest rate based on the lower of a market index of commercial paper issues.issues and two additional rate options based on LIBOR. KU's money pool borrowing limit is $300 million. NaN balances were outstanding at September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019.2020.

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VEBA Funds Receivable (PPL Electric)

In May 2018, PPL received a favorable private letter ruling from the IRS permitting a transfer of excess funds from the PPL Bargaining Unit Retiree Health Plan VEBA to a new subaccount within the VEBA, to be used to pay medical claims of active bargaining unit employees. Based on PPL Electric's participation in PPL’s Other Postretirement Benefit plan, PPL Electric was allocated a portion of the excess funds from PPL Services. These funds have been recorded as an intercompany receivable on PPL Electric's Balance Sheets. The receivable balance decreases as PPL Electric pays incurred medical claims and is reimbursed by PPL Services. The intercompany receivable balance associated with these funds was $27$20 million as of September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, of which $10 million was reflected in "Accounts receivable from affiliates" and $17$10 million was reflected in "Other noncurrent assets" on the PPL Electric Balance Sheet. The intercompany receivable balance associated with these funds was $32$22 million as of December 31, 2019,2020, of which $10 million was reflected in "Accounts receivable from affiliates" and $22$12 million was reflected in "Other noncurrent assets" on the PPL Electric Balance Sheet.

Other (PPL Electric, LG&E and KU)

See Note 10 for discussions regarding intercompany allocations associated with defined benefits.

13. Other Income (Expense) - net

(PPL)

The details of "Other Income (Expense) - net" for the periods ended September 30,March 31, were:
Three MonthsNine Months Three Months
202020192020201920212020
Other IncomeOther Income  Other Income  
Economic foreign currency exchange contracts (Note 15)$(19)$44 $44 $56 
Defined benefit plans - non-service credits (Note 10)Defined benefit plans - non-service credits (Note 10)67 77 202 237 Defined benefit plans - non-service credits (Note 10)$$
Interest income12 
AFUDC - equity componentAFUDC - equity component14 17 AFUDC - equity component
MiscellaneousMiscellaneousMiscellaneous
Total Other IncomeTotal Other Income55 131 265 328 Total Other Income
Other ExpenseOther Expense    Other Expense  
Charitable contributionsCharitable contributionsCharitable contributions
MiscellaneousMiscellaneous10 16 Miscellaneous
Total Other ExpenseTotal Other Expense12 19 Total Other Expense10 
Other Income (Expense) - netOther Income (Expense) - net$52 $126 $253 $309 Other Income (Expense) - net$$(5)

(PPL Electric)

The details of "Other Income (Expense) - net" for the periods ended September 30, were:
Three MonthsNine Months
2020201920202019
Other Income
AFUDC - equity component$$$14 $17 
Defined benefit plans - non-service credits (Note 10)
Interest income
Total Other Income18 21 
Other Expense
Charitable contributions
Miscellaneous
Total Other Expense
Other Income (Expense) - net$$$15 $18 

0
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14. Fair Value Measurements
 
(All Registrants)
 
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). A market approach (generally, data from market transactions), an income approach (generally, present value techniques and option-pricing models) and/or a cost approach (generally, replacement cost) are used to measure the fair value of an asset or liability, as appropriate. These valuation approaches incorporate inputs such as observable, independent market data and/or unobservable data that management believes are predicated on the assumptions market participants would use to price an asset or liability. These inputs may incorporate, as applicable, certain risks such as nonperformance risk, which includes credit risk. The fair value of a group of financial assets and liabilities is measured on a net basis. See Note 1 in each Registrant's 20192020 Form 10-K for information on the levels in the fair value hierarchy.
 
Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The assets and liabilities measured at fair value were:
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019 March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3 TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
PPLPPL        PPL        
AssetsAssets        Assets        
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$746 $746 $$$815 $815 $$Cash and cash equivalents$421 $421 $$$442 $442 $$
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (a)Restricted cash and cash equivalents (a)22 22 21 21 Restricted cash and cash equivalents (a)
Special use funds (a):Special use funds (a):Special use funds (a):
Commingled debt fund measured at NAV (b)Commingled debt fund measured at NAV (b)27 — — — 29 — — — Commingled debt fund measured at NAV (b)25 — — — 26 — — — 
Commingled equity fund measured at NAV (b)Commingled equity fund measured at NAV (b)27 — — — 27 — — — Commingled equity fund measured at NAV (b)24 — — — 25 — — — 
Total special use fundsTotal special use funds54 56 Total special use funds49 51 
Price risk management assets (c):      
Foreign currency contracts42 42 142 142 
Cross-currency swaps147 147 154 154 
Total price risk management assets189 189 296 296 
Total assetsTotal assets$1,011 $768 $189 $$1,188 $836 $296 $Total assets$471 $422 $$$494 $443 $$
LiabilitiesLiabilities        Liabilities        
Price risk management liabilities (c):Price risk management liabilities (c):        Price risk management liabilities (c):        
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swaps$34 $$34 $$21 $$21 $Interest rate swaps$17 $$17 $$23 $$23 $
Foreign currency contracts
Total price risk management liabilitiesTotal price risk management liabilities$35 $$35 $$26 $$26 $Total price risk management liabilities$17 $$17 $$23 $$23 $
PPL ElectricPPL Electric        PPL Electric        
AssetsAssets        Assets        
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$26 $26 $$$262 $262 $$Cash and cash equivalents$29 $29 $$$40 $40 $$
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (a)
Total assetsTotal assets$28 $28 $$$264 $264 $$Total assets$29 $29 $$$40 $40 $$
LKELKE      LKE      
AssetsAssets      Assets      
Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents $25 $25 $$$27 $27 $$Cash and cash equivalents $16 $16 $$$29 $29 $$
Cash collateral posted to counterparties (d)
Total assetsTotal assets$26 $26 $$$27 $27 $$Total assets$16 $16 $$$29 $29 $$
LiabilitiesLiabilities      
Price risk management liabilities:Price risk management liabilities:      
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swaps$17 $$17 $$23 $$23 $
Total price risk management liabilitiesTotal price risk management liabilities$17 $$17 $$23 $$23 $
LG&ELG&E      
AssetsAssets      
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$$$$$$$$
Total assetsTotal assets$$$$$$$$
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September 30, 2020December 31, 2019 March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3 TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Liabilities      
Price risk management liabilities:      
Interest rate swaps$26 $$26 $$21 $$21 $
Total price risk management liabilities$26 $$26 $$21 $$21 $
LG&E      
Assets      
Cash and cash equivalents$10 $10 $$$15 $15 $$
Cash collateral posted to counterparties (d)
Total assets$11 $11 $$$15 $15 $$
LiabilitiesLiabilities      Liabilities      
Price risk management liabilities:Price risk management liabilities:      Price risk management liabilities:      
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swaps$26 $$26 $$21 $$21 $Interest rate swaps$17 $$17 $$23 $$23 $
Total price risk management liabilitiesTotal price risk management liabilities$26 $$26 $$21 $$21 $Total price risk management liabilities$17 $$17 $$23 $$23 $
KUKU        KU        
AssetsAssets        Assets        
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$15 $15 $$$12 $12 $$Cash and cash equivalents$$$$$22 $22 $$
Total assetsTotal assets$15 $15 $$$12 $12 $$Total assets$$$$$22 $22 $$

(a)Current portion is includedIncluded in "Other current assets" and long-term portion is included in "Other noncurrent assets" on the Balance Sheets.
(b)In accordance with accounting guidance, certain investments that are measured at fair value using net asset value per share (NAV), or its equivalent, have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in the table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the Balance Sheets.
(c)Current portion is included in "Price risk management assets" and "Other current liabilities" and noncurrent portion is included in "Price risk management assets" and "Other deferred credits and noncurrent liabilities" on the Balance Sheets.
(d)Included in "Other noncurrent assets" on the Balance Sheets. Represents cash collateral posted to offset the exposure with counterparties related to certain interest rate swaps under master netting arrangements that are not offset.

Special Use Funds

(PPL)

The special use funds are investments restricted for paying active union employee medical costs. In May 2018, PPL received a favorable private letter ruling from the IRS permitting a transfer of excess funds from the PPL Bargaining Unit Retiree Health Plan VEBA to a new subaccount within the VEBA to be used to pay medical claims of active bargaining unit employees. The funds are invested primarily in commingled debt and equity funds measured at NAV and are classified as investments in equity securities. Changes in fair value of the funds are recorded to the Statements of Income.

Price Risk Management Assets/Liabilities - Interest Rate Swaps/Foreign Currency Contracts/Cross-Currency Swaps

(PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)
 
To manage interest rate risk, PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU use interest rate contracts such as forward-starting swaps, floating-to-fixed swaps and fixed-to-floating swaps. To manage foreign currency exchange risk, PPL uses foreign currency contracts such as forwards, options and cross-currency swaps that contain characteristics of both interest rate and foreign currency contracts. An income approach is used to measure the fair value of these contracts, utilizing readily observable inputs, such as forward interest rates (e.g., LIBOR and government security rates) and forward foreign currency exchange rates (e.g., GBP), as well as inputs that may not be observable, such as credit valuation adjustments. In certain cases, market information cannot practicably be obtained to value credit risk and therefore internal models are relied upon. These models use projected probabilities of default and estimated recovery rates based on historical observances. When the credit valuation adjustment is significant to the overall valuation, the contracts are classified as Level 3.

63Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements (PPL)


TableSee Note 9 for information regarding the estimated fair value of Contentsthe U.K. utility business which is classified as held for sale as of March 31, 2021.

Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value (All Registrants)
 
The carrying amounts of long-term debt on the Balance Sheets and their estimated fair values are set forth below. Long-term debt is classified as Level 2. The effect of third-party credit enhancements is not included in the fair value measurement.
 September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Carrying
Amount (a)
Fair ValueCarrying
Amount (a)
Fair Value
PPL$22,768 $28,085 $21,893 $25,481 
PPL Electric3,587 5,030 3,985 4,589 
LKE6,073 7,588 6,002 6,766 
LG&E2,006 2,490 2,005 2,278 
KU2,617 3,310 2,623 3,003 
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 March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Carrying
Amount (a)
Fair ValueCarrying
Amount (a)
Fair Value
PPL$14,691 $16,607 $14,689 $17,774 
PPL Electric4,237 4,881 4,236 5,338 
LKE6,075 7,051 6,074 7,589 
LG&E2,007 2,321 2,007 2,499 
KU2,618 3,042 2,618 3,334 
 
(a)Amounts are net of debt issuance costs.

The carrying amounts of other current financial instruments (except for long-term debt due within one year) approximate their fair values because of their short-term nature.
 
15. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
 
Risk Management Objectives
 
(All Registrants)
 
PPL has a risk management policy approved by the Board of Directors to manage market risk associated with commodities, interest rates on debt issuances and foreign exchange (including price, liquidity and volumetric risk) and credit risk (including non-performance risk and payment default risk). The Risk Management Committee, comprised of senior management and chaired by the Senior Director-Risk Management, oversees the risk management function. Key risk control activities designed to ensure compliance with the risk policy and detailed programs include, but are not limited to, credit review and approval, validation of transactions, verification of risk and transaction limits, value-at-risk analyses (VaR, a statistical model that attempts to estimate the value of potential loss over a given holding period under normal market conditions at a given confidence level) and the coordination and reporting of the Enterprise Risk Management program.
 
Market Risk
 
Market risk includes the potential loss that may be incurred as a result of price changes associated with a particular financial or commodity instrument as well as market liquidity and volumetric risks. Forward contracts, futures contracts, options, swaps and structured transactions are utilized as part of risk management strategies to minimize unanticipated fluctuations in earnings caused by changes in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. Many of these contracts meet the definition of a derivative. All derivatives are recognized on the Balance Sheets at their fair value, unless NPNS is elected.
 
The following summarizes the market risks that affect PPL and its subsidiaries.
 
Interest Rate Risk
 
PPL and its subsidiaries are exposed to interest rate risk associated with forecasted fixed-rate and existing floating-rate debt issuances. PPL and WPD hold over-the-counter cross currency swaps to limit exposure to market fluctuations on interest and principal payments from changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. PPL, LKE and LG&E utilize over-the-counter interest rate swaps to limit exposure to market fluctuations on floating-rate debt. PPL, WPD, LKE, LG&E and KU utilize forward starting interest rate swaps to hedge changes in benchmark interest rates, when appropriate, in connection with future debt issuances.
PPL and its subsidiaries are exposed to interest rate risk associated with debt securities and derivatives held by defined benefit plans. This risk is significantly mitigated to the extent that the plans are sponsored at, or sponsored on behalf of, the regulated domestic utilities and for certain plans at WPD due to the recovery methods in place.

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Foreign Currency Risk (PPL)

PPL is exposed to foreign currency exchange risk primarily associated with its investments in and earnings of U.K. affiliates.
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(All Registrants)

Commodity Price Risk
 
PPL is exposed to commodity price risk through its domestic subsidiaries as described below.
 
PPL Electric is required to purchase electricity to fulfill its obligation as a PLR. Potential commodity price risk is insignificant and mitigated through its PUC-approved cost recovery mechanism and full-requirement supply agreements to serve its PLR customers which transfer the risk to energy suppliers.
LG&E's and KU's rates include certain mechanisms for fuel, fuel-related expenses and energy purchases. In addition, LG&E's rates include a mechanism for natural gas supply expenses. These mechanisms generally provide for timely recovery of market price fluctuations associated with these expenses.

Volumetric Risk

Volumetric risk is the risk related to the changes in volume of retail sales due to weather, economic conditions or other factors. PPL is exposed to volumetric risk through its subsidiaries as described below.

WPD is exposed to volumetric risk which is significantly mitigated as a result of the method of regulation in the U.K. Under the RIIO-ED1 price control regulations, recovery of such exposure occurs on a two year lag. See Note 1 in PPL's 20192020 Form 10-K for additional information on revenue recognition under RIIO-ED1.
PPL Electric, LG&E and KU are exposed to volumetric risk on retail sales, mainly due to weather and other economic conditions for which there is limited mitigation between rate cases.

Equity Securities Price Risk
 
PPL and its subsidiaries are exposed to equity securities price risk associated with the fair value of the defined benefit plans' assets. This risk is significantly mitigated at the regulated domestic utilities and for certain plans at WPD due to the recovery methods in place.
PPL is exposed to equity securities price risk from future stock sales and/or purchases.

Credit Risk
 
Credit risk is the potential loss that may be incurred due to a counterparty's non-performance.
 
PPL is exposed to credit risk from "in-the-money" interest rate and foreign currency derivatives with financial institutions, as well as additional credit risk through certain of its subsidiaries, as discussed below.
 
In the event a supplier of PPL Electric, LG&E or KU defaults on its obligation, those Registrants would be required to seek replacement power or replacement fuel in the market. In general, subject to regulatory review or other processes, appropriate incremental costs incurred by these entities would be recoverable from customers through applicable rate mechanisms, thereby mitigating the financial risk for these entities.
 
PPL and its subsidiaries have credit policies in place to manage credit risk, including the use of an established credit approval process, daily monitoring of counterparty positions and the use of master netting agreements or provisions. These agreements generally include credit mitigation provisions, such as margin, prepayment or collateral requirements. PPL and its subsidiaries may request additional credit assurance, in certain circumstances, in the event that the counterparties' credit ratings fall below investment grade, their tangible net worth falls below specified percentages or their exposures exceed an established credit limit.
 
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Master Netting Arrangements (PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)
 
Net derivative positions on the balance sheets are not offset against the right to reclaim cash collateral (a receivable) or the obligation to return cash collateral (a payable) under master netting arrangements.

PPL had a $9 millionno obligation and $14 millionan immaterial obligation to return cash collateral under master netting arrangements at September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019.2020.
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PPL had a $22 million obligation and 0 obligation to post cash collateral under master netting arrangements at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

LKE, LG&E and KU had 0 obligation to return cash collateral under master netting arrangements at September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019.2020.
 
PPL, LKE and LG&E posted $1 million of cash collateral under master netting arrangements at September 30, 2020. KU had 0 obligation to post cash collateral under master netting arrangements at September 30, 2020. PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU had 0 obligation to post cash collateral under master netting arrangements at March 31, 2021.and December 31, 2019.2020.

See "Offsetting Derivative Instruments" below for a summary of derivative positions presented in the balance sheets where a right of setoff exists under these arrangements.
 
Interest Rate Risk
 
(All Registrants)
 
PPL and its subsidiaries issue debt to finance their operations, which exposes them to interest rate risk. A variety of financial derivative instruments are utilized to adjust the mix of fixed and floating interest rates in their debt portfolios, adjust the duration of the debt portfolios and lock in benchmark interest rates in anticipation of future financing, when appropriate. Risk limits under PPL's risk management program are designed to balance risk exposure to volatility in interest expense and changes in the fair value of the debt portfolio due to changes in benchmark interest rates. In addition, the interest rate risk of certain subsidiaries is potentially mitigated as a result of the existing regulatory framework or the timing of rate cases.

Cash Flow Hedges (PPL)
 
Interest rate risks include exposure to adverse interest rate movements for outstanding variable rate debt and for future anticipated financings. Financial interest rate swap contracts that qualify as cash flow hedges may be entered into to hedge floating interest rate risk associated with both existing and anticipated debt issuances. At September 30, 2020, PPL held an aggregate notional value in interest rate swaphad no such contracts of £126 million (approximately $168 million based on spot rates) that mature in 2035 to hedge interest payments on WPD's £250 million debt issuance which occurred in October 2020.at March 31, 2021.

At September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, PPL held an aggregate notional value in cross-currency interest rate swap contracts of $702$202 million that rangemature in maturity from 2021 through 2028 to hedge the interest payments and principal of WPD's U.S. dollar-denominated senior notes. In March 2021, $500 million of WPD's U.S. dollar-denominated senior notes were repaid prior to maturity and $500 million notional value of cross-currency interest rate swap contracts matured.

Cash flow hedges are discontinued if it is no longer probable that the original forecasted transaction will occur by the end of the originally specified time period and any amounts previously recorded in AOCI are reclassified into earnings once it is determined that the hedged transaction is not probable of occurring.

For the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, PPL had 0 cash flow hedges reclassified into earnings associated with discontinued cash flow hedges.
 
At September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, the amount of accumulated net unrecognized after-tax gains (losses) on qualifying derivatives expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months is insignificant. Amounts are reclassified as the hedged interest expense is recorded.
 
Economic Activity (PPL, LKE and LG&E)
 
LG&E enters into interest rate swap contracts that economically hedge interest payments. Because realized gains and losses from the swaps, including terminated swap contracts, are recoverable through regulated rates, any subsequent changes in fair value of these derivatives are included in regulatory assets or liabilities until they are realized as interest expense. Realized gains and losses are recognized in "Interest Expense" on the Statements of Income at the time the underlying hedged interest
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expense is recorded. At September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, LG&E held contracts with a notional amount of $147$64 million that rangemature in maturity through 2033.
 
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Foreign Currency Risk (PPL)

PPL is exposed to foreign currency risk, primarily through investments in and earnings of U.K. affiliates. PPL has adopted a foreign currency risk management program designed to hedge certain foreign currency exposures, including firm commitments, recognized assets or liabilities, anticipated transactions, including the previously announced potentialanticipated sale of its U.K. utility business and net investments. In addition, PPL enters into financial instruments to protect against foreign currency translation risk of expected GBP earnings.

Net Investment Hedges

PPL enters into foreign currency contracts on behalf of a subsidiary to protect the value of a portion of its net investment in WPD. There were no contracts outstanding at September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021.

At September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, PPL had $33 million and $32 million of accumulated net investment hedge after tax gains (losses) that were included in the foreign currency translation adjustment component of AOCI.

Economic Activity

PPL enters into foreign currency contracts on behalf of a subsidiary to economically hedge GBP-denominated anticipated earnings.earnings and anticipated transactions, including the anticipated sale of its U.K. utility business. At September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, the total exposure hedged by PPL was approximately £340 million (approximately $482 million based on contracted rates). These contracts have termination dates ranging from October 2020 through July 2021.£7.5 billion.

Accounting and Reporting
 
(All Registrants)
 
All derivative instruments are recorded at fair value on the Balance Sheet as an asset or liability unless NPNS is elected. NPNS contracts include certain full requirement purchase contracts and other physical purchase contracts. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as NPNS are recognized in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met and designated as such, except for the changes in fair values of LG&E's interest rate swaps that are recognized as regulatory assets or regulatory liabilities. See Note 7 for amounts recorded in regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities at September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019.2020.
 
See Note 1 in each Registrant's 20192020 Form 10-K for additional information on accounting policies related to derivative instruments.
 
(PPL)
 
The following table presents the fair value and location of derivative instruments recorded on the Balance Sheets.
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 September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Derivatives designated as
hedging instruments
Derivatives not designated
as hedging instruments
Derivatives designated as
hedging instruments
Derivatives not designated
as hedging instruments
 AssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilities
Current:        
Price Risk Management        
Assets/Liabilities (a):        
Interest rate swaps (b)$$$$$$$$
Cross-currency swaps (b)94 
Foreign currency contracts42 142 
Total current94 42 142 
Noncurrent:        
Price Risk Management        
Assets/Liabilities (a):        
Interest rate swaps (b)24 17 
Cross-currency swaps (b)53 149 
Foreign currency contracts
Total noncurrent53 24 149 17 
Total derivatives$147 $$42 $27 $154 $$142 $26 
 March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Derivatives designated as
hedging instruments
Derivatives not designated
as hedging instruments
Derivatives designated as
hedging instruments
Derivatives not designated
as hedging instruments
 AssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilities
Current:        
Price Risk Management        
Assets/Liabilities:        
Interest rate swaps (a) (b)$$$$$$$$
Cross-currency swaps (c)94 
Foreign currency contracts (c)23 180 137 
Total current23 180 94 139 
Noncurrent:        
Price Risk Management        
Assets/Liabilities:        
Interest rate swaps (a) (b)16 21 
Cross-currency swaps (c)37 52 
Total noncurrent37 16 52 21 
Total derivatives$39 $17 $23 $180 $146 $$$160 
 
(a)Current portion is included in "Price risk management assets" and "Other current liabilities" and noncurrent portion is included in "Price risk management assets" and "Other deferred credits and noncurrent liabilities" on the Balance Sheets.
(b)Excludes accrued interest, if applicable.
(c)Included in "Current assets held for sale" and "Current liabilities held for sale" on the Balance Sheets.

The following tables present the pre-tax effect of derivative instruments recognized in income, OCI or regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities for the period ended September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021.
Three MonthsNine Months Three MonthsNine Months Three Months Three Months
Derivative
Relationships
Derivative
Relationships
Derivative Gain
(Loss) Recognized in
OCI
Derivative Gain
(Loss) Recognized in
OCI
Location of
Gain (Loss)
Recognized
in Income
on Derivative
Gain (Loss)
Reclassified
from AOCI
into Income
Gain (Loss)
Reclassified
from AOCI
into
Income
Derivative
Relationships
Derivative Gain
(Loss) Recognized in
OCI
Location of
Gain (Loss)
Recognized
in Income
on Derivative
Gain (Loss)
Reclassified
from AOCI
into
Income
Cash Flow Hedges:Cash Flow Hedges:     Cash Flow Hedges:   
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swaps$$(7)Interest expense$(4)$(9)Interest rate swaps$Interest expense$(1)
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of taxes)(1)
Cross-currency swapsCross-currency swaps(67)(13)Other income (expense) - net(56)(24)Cross-currency swaps(46)Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of taxes)(37)
TotalTotal$(64)$(20) $(60)$(33)Total$(46) $(39)
Net Investment Hedges:    
Foreign currency contracts$$   
Derivatives Not Designated as
Hedging Instruments
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Income on Derivative
Three MonthsNine Months
Foreign currency contractsOther income (expense) - net$(19)$44 
Interest rate swapsInterest expense(1)(4)
 Total$(20)$40 
Derivatives Not Designated as
Hedging Instruments
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized as
Regulatory Liabilities/Assets
Three MonthsNine Months
Interest rate swapsRegulatory assets - noncurrent$$(5)
Derivatives Not Designated as
Hedging Instruments
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Income on Derivative
Three Months
Foreign currency contractsIncome (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of taxes)$(25)
Interest rate swapsInterest expense(1)
Total$(26)
Derivatives Not Designated as
Hedging Instruments
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized as
Regulatory Liabilities/Assets
Three Months
Interest rate swapsRegulatory assets - noncurrent$
 
The following tables present the pre-tax effect of derivative instruments recognized in income, OCI or regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities for the period ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020.
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Three MonthsNine Months Three MonthsNine Months Three Months Three Months
Derivative
Relationships
Derivative
Relationships
Derivative Gain
(Loss) Recognized in
OCI
Derivative Gain
(Loss) Recognized in
OCI
Location of
Gain (Loss)
Recognized
in Income
on Derivative
Gain (Loss)
Reclassified
from AOCI
into Income
Gain (Loss)
Reclassified
from AOCI
into Income
Derivative
Relationships
Derivative Gain
(Loss) Recognized in
OCI
Location of
Gain (Loss)
Recognized
in Income
on Derivative
Gain (Loss)
Reclassified
from AOCI
into Income
Cash Flow Hedges:Cash Flow Hedges:     Cash Flow Hedges:   
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swaps$(22)$(30)Interest expense$(2)$(6)Interest rate swaps$(5)Interest expense$(2)
Cross-currency swaps41 69 Other income (expense) - net27 34 
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of taxes)(1)
Cross-currency swapsCross-currency swaps15 Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of taxes)
TotalTotal$19 $39  $25 $28 Total$10  $
Net Investment Hedges:     
Foreign currency contracts$$   
Derivatives Not Designated as
Hedging Instruments
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Income on Derivative
Three MonthsNine Months
Foreign currency contractsOther income (expense) - net$44 $56 
Interest rate swapsInterest expense(1)(3)
 Total$43 $53 
Derivatives Not Designated as
Hedging Instruments
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized as
Regulatory Liabilities/Assets
Three MonthsNine Months
Interest rate swapsRegulatory assets - noncurrent$(2)$(5)
Derivatives Not Designated as
Hedging Instruments
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Income on Derivative
Three Months
Foreign currency contractsIncome (Loss) from Discontinued operations (net of taxes)$62 
Interest rate swapsInterest expense(1)
Total$61 
Derivatives Not Designated as
Hedging Instruments
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized as
Regulatory Liabilities/Assets
Three Months
Interest rate swapsRegulatory assets - noncurrent$(8)

The following table presents the effect of cash flow hedge activity on the Statement of Income for the period ended September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021.
Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Hedging RelationshipsLocation and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Hedging Relationships
Three MonthsNine MonthsThree Months
Interest ExpenseOther Income (Expense) - netInterest ExpenseOther Income (Expense) - netInterest ExpenseIncome (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of income taxes)
Interest Expense
Total income and expense line items presented in the income statement in which the effect of cash flow hedges are recordedTotal income and expense line items presented in the income statement in which the effect of cash flow hedges are recorded$249 $52 $750 $253 Total income and expense line items presented in the income statement in which the effect of cash flow hedges are recorded$153 $(2,043)
The effects of cash flow hedges:The effects of cash flow hedges:The effects of cash flow hedges:
Gain (Loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:Gain (Loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:Gain (Loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate swaps:Interest rate swaps:Interest rate swaps:
Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI to incomeAmount of gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI to income(4)(9)Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI to income(1)(1)
Cross-currency swaps:Cross-currency swaps:Cross-currency swaps:
Hedged itemsHedged items56 24 Hedged items37 
Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI to income(56)(24)
Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI to IncomeAmount of gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI to Income(37)

The following table presents the effect of cash flow hedge activity on the Statement of Income for the period ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020.
Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Hedging Relationships
Three MonthsNine Months
Interest ExpenseOther Income (Expense) - netInterest ExpenseOther Income (Expense) - net
Total income and expense line items presented in the income statement in which the effect of cash flow hedges are recorded$259 $126 $746 $309 
The effects of cash flow hedges:
Gain (Loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate swaps:
Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI to income(2)(6)
Cross-currency swaps:
Hedged items(27)(34)
Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI to income27 34 

Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Hedging Relationships
Three Months
Interest ExpenseIncome (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of taxes)
Total income and expense line items presented in the income statement in which the effect of cash flow hedges are recorded$154 $350 
The effects of cash flow hedges:
Gain (Loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate swaps:
Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI to income(2)(1)
Cross-currency swaps:
Hedged items(6)
Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI to Income
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(LKE and LG&E)
 
The following table presents the fair value and the location on the Balance Sheets of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments.
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019 March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
AssetsLiabilities AssetsLiabilities AssetsLiabilities AssetsLiabilities
Current:Current:     Current:     
Price Risk ManagementPrice Risk Management     Price Risk Management     
Assets/Liabilities:Assets/Liabilities:     Assets/Liabilities:     
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swaps$$ $$Interest rate swaps$$ $$
Total currentTotal current Total current 
Noncurrent:Noncurrent:     Noncurrent:     
Price Risk ManagementPrice Risk Management     Price Risk Management     
Assets/Liabilities:Assets/Liabilities:     Assets/Liabilities:     
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swaps24  17 Interest rate swaps16  21 
Total noncurrentTotal noncurrent24  17 Total noncurrent16  21 
Total derivativesTotal derivatives$$26  $$21 Total derivatives$$17  $$23 
 
The following tables present the pre-tax effect of derivatives not designated as cash flow hedges that are recognized in income or regulatory assets for the period ended September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021.
 Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in  
Derivative InstrumentsIncome on DerivativesThree MonthsNine Months
Interest rate swapsInterest expense$(1)$(4)
 Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in  
Derivative InstrumentsRegulatory AssetsThree MonthsNine Months
Interest rate swapsRegulatory assets - noncurrent$$(5)
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Derivative InstrumentsIncome on DerivativesThree Months
Interest rate swapsInterest expense$(1)
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Derivative InstrumentsRegulatory AssetsThree Months
Interest rate swapsRegulatory assets - noncurrent$

The following tables present the pre-tax effect of derivatives not designated as cash flow hedges that are recognized in income or regulatory assets for the period ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020. 
 Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in  
Derivative InstrumentsIncome on DerivativesThree MonthsNine Months
Interest rate swapsInterest expense$(1)$(3)
 Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in  
Derivative InstrumentsRegulatory AssetsThree MonthsNine Months
Interest rate swapsRegulatory assets - noncurrent$(2)$(5)
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Derivative InstrumentsIncome on DerivativesThree Months
Interest rate swapsInterest expense$(1)
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Derivative InstrumentsRegulatory AssetsThree Months
Interest rate swapsRegulatory assets - noncurrent$(8)
(PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)
 
Offsetting Derivative Instruments
 
PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU or certain of their subsidiaries have master netting arrangements in place and also enter into agreements pursuant to which they purchase or sell certain energy and other products. Under the agreements, upon termination of the agreement as a result of a default or other termination event, the non-defaulting party typically would have a right to set off amounts owed under the agreement against any other obligations arising between the two parties (whether under the agreement or not), whether matured or contingent and irrespective of the currency, place of payment or place of booking of the obligation.
 
PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU have elected not to offset derivative assets and liabilities and not to offset net derivative positions against the right to reclaim cash collateral pledged (an asset) or the obligation to return cash collateral received (a liability) under derivatives agreements. The table below summarizes the derivative positions presented in the balance sheets where a right of setoff exists under these arrangements and related cash collateral received or pledged.
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AssetsLiabilities AssetsLiabilities
 Eligible for Offset  Eligible for Offset   Eligible for Offset  Eligible for Offset 
GrossDerivative
Instruments
Cash
Collateral
Received
NetGrossDerivative
Instruments
Cash
Collateral
Pledged
NetGrossDerivative
Instruments
Cash
Collateral
Received
NetGrossDerivative
Instruments
Cash
Collateral
Pledged
Net
September 30, 2020        
March 31, 2021March 31, 2021        
Treasury DerivativesTreasury Derivatives        Treasury Derivatives        
PPLPPL$189 $$$179 $35 $$$33 PPL$62 $18 $$44 $197 $18 $22 $157 
LKELKE26 25 LKE17 17 
LG&ELG&E26 25 LG&E17 17 
AssetsLiabilities AssetsLiabilities
 Eligible for Offset  Eligible for Offset   Eligible for Offset  Eligible for Offset 
GrossDerivative
Instruments
Cash
Collateral
Received
NetGrossDerivative
Instruments
Cash
Collateral
Pledged
NetGrossDerivative
Instruments
Cash
Collateral
Received
NetGrossDerivative
Instruments
Cash
Collateral
Pledged
Net
December 31, 2019       
December 31, 2020December 31, 2020       
Treasury DerivativesTreasury Derivatives       Treasury Derivatives       
PPLPPL$296 $$14 $277 $26 $$$21 PPL$146 $34 $$112 $160 $34 $$126 
LKELKE21 21 LKE23 23 
LG&ELG&E21 21 LG&E23 23 
 
Credit Risk-Related Contingent Features
 
Certain derivative contracts contain credit risk-related contingent features which, when in a net liability position, would permit the counterparties to require the transfer of additional collateral upon a decrease in the credit ratings of PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU or certain of their subsidiaries. Most of these features would require the transfer of additional collateral or permit the counterparty to terminate the contract if the applicable credit rating were to fall below investment grade. Some of these features also would allow the counterparty to require additional collateral upon each downgrade in credit rating at levels that remain above investment grade. In either case, if the applicable credit rating were to fall below investment grade, and assuming no assignment to an investment grade affiliate were allowed, most of these credit contingent features require either immediate payment of the net liability as a termination payment or immediate and ongoing full collateralization on derivative instruments in net liability positions.
 
Additionally, certain derivative contracts contain credit risk-related contingent features that require adequate assurance of performance be provided if the other party has reasonable concerns regarding the performance of PPL's, LKE's, LG&E's and KU's obligations under the contracts. A counterparty demanding adequate assurance could require a transfer of additional collateral or other security, including letters of credit, cash and guarantees from a creditworthy entity. This would typically involve negotiations among the parties. However, amounts disclosed below represent assumed immediate payment or immediate and ongoing full collateralization for derivative instruments in net liability positions with "adequate assurance" features.
 
(PPL, LKE and LG&E)(PPL)

At September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, derivative contracts in a net liability position that contain credit risk-related contingent features, collateral posted on those positions and the related effect of a decrease in credit ratings below investment grade are summarized as follows:
 PPLLKELG&E
Aggregate fair value of derivative instruments in a net liability position with credit risk-related contingent features$$$
Aggregate fair value of collateral posted on these derivative instruments
Aggregate fair value of additional collateral requirements in the event of a credit downgrade below investment grade (a)
PPL
Aggregate fair value of derivative instruments in a net liability position with credit risk-related contingent features$161 
Aggregate fair value of collateral posted on these derivative instruments22 
Aggregate fair value of additional collateral requirements in the event of a credit downgrade below investment grade (a)139 
 
(a)Includes the effect of net receivables and payables already recorded on the Balance Sheet.

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16. Asset Retirement Obligations

(PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)

PPL's, LKE's, LG&E's and KU's ARO liabilities are primarily related to CCR closure costs. See Note 11 for information on the CCR rule. LG&E also has AROs related to natural gas mains and wells. LG&E's and KU's transmission and distribution lines largely operate under perpetual property easement agreements, which do not generally require restoration upon removal of the property. Therefore, no material AROs are recorded for transmission and distribution assets. For LKE, LG&E and KU, all ARO accretion and depreciation expenses are reclassified as a regulatory asset. ARO regulatory assets associated with certain CCR projects are amortized to expense in accordance with regulatory approvals. For other AROs, at the time of retirement, the related ARO regulatory asset is offset against the associated cost of removal regulatory liability, PP&E and ARO liability.

The changes in the carrying amounts of AROs were as follows.
 PPLLKELG&EKU
Balance at December 31, 2019$282 $215 $73 $142 
Accretion13 12 
Changes in estimated timing or cost35 44 16 28 
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates
Obligations settled(64)(64)(16)(48)
Balance at September 30, 2020$267 $207 $77 $130 
 PPLLKELG&EKU
Balance at December 31, 2020$182 $182 $67 $115 
Accretion
Obligations settled(15)(15)(6)(9)
Balance at March 31, 2021$171 $171 $62 $109 
 
17. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
(PPL and LKE)(PPL)
 
The after-tax changes in AOCI by component for the periods ended September 30March 31 were as follows.
Foreign
currency
translation
adjustments
Unrealized gains (losses)
on qualifying
derivatives
Defined benefit plans  Foreign
currency
translation
adjustments (a)
Unrealized gains (losses)
 on qualifying
derivatives
Defined benefit plans (b) 
Prior
service
costs
Actuarial
gain
(loss)
TotalPrior
service
costs
Actuarial
gain
(loss)
Total
PPLPPLPPL
June 30, 2020$(1,777)$$(16)$(2,817)$(4,602)
December 31, 2020December 31, 2020$(1,158)$$(16)$(3,046)$(4,220)
Amounts arising during the periodAmounts arising during the period643 (52)(16)575 Amounts arising during the period303 (30)273 
Reclassifications from AOCIReclassifications from AOCI48 52 100 Reclassifications from AOCI25 40 65 
Net OCI during the periodNet OCI during the period643 (4)36 675 Net OCI during the period303 (5)40 338 
September 30, 2020$(1,134)$$(16)$(2,781)$(3,927)
March 31, 2021March 31, 2021$(855)$(5)$(16)$(3,006)$(3,882)
December 31, 2019December 31, 2019$(1,425)$(5)$(18)$(2,910)$(4,358)December 31, 2019$(1,425)$(5)$(18)$(2,910)$(4,358)
Amounts arising during the periodAmounts arising during the period291 (16)(17)258 Amounts arising during the period(61)(53)
Reclassifications from AOCIReclassifications from AOCI25 146 173 Reclassifications from AOCI(3)47 45 
Net OCI during the periodNet OCI during the period291 129 431 Net OCI during the period(61)47 (8)
September 30, 2020$(1,134)$$(16)$(2,781)$(3,927)
March 31, 2020March 31, 2020$(1,486)$$(17)$(2,863)$(4,366)
June 30, 2019$(1,616)$$(18)$(2,368)$(3,996)
Amounts arising during the period(285)16 (5)(274)
Reclassifications from AOCI(22)20 (2)
Net OCI during the period(285)(6)15 (276)
September 30, 2019$(1,901)$$(18)$(2,353)$(4,272)
December 31, 2018$(1,533)$(7)$(19)$(2,405)$(3,964)
Amounts arising during the period(368)32 (10)(346)
Reclassifications from AOCI(25)62 38 
Net OCI during the period(368)52 (308)
September 30, 2019$(1,901)$$(18)$(2,353)$(4,272)

(a)    Amounts relate to operations of the U.K. utility business.
(b)    Substantially all of the amounts relate to pension plans of the U.K. utility business. At March 31, 2021, the combined accumulated other comprehensive loss related to these plans was $2.8 billion.
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 Foreign
currency
translation
adjustments
Unrealized gains (losses)
on qualifying
derivatives
Defined benefit plans 
Prior
service
costs
Actuarial
gain
(loss)
Total
LKE
June 30, 2020$(8)$(83)$(91)
Amounts arising during the period(8)(8)
Reclassifications from AOCI
Net OCI during the period(3)(3)
September 30, 2020$(8)$(86)$(94)
December 31, 2019$(9)$(84)$(93)
Amounts arising during the period(9)(9)
Reclassifications from AOCI
Net OCI during the period(2)(1)
September 30, 2020$(8)$(86)$(94)
June 30, 2019$(8)$(83)$(91)
Amounts arising during the period
Reclassifications from AOCI
Net OCI during the period
September 30, 2019$(8)$(83)$(91)
December 31, 2018$(9)$(80)$(89)
Amounts arising during the period(2)(2)
Reclassifications from AOCI(1)
Net OCI during the period(3)(2)
September 30, 2019$(8)$(83)$(91)

The following table presents PPL's gains (losses) and related income taxes for reclassifications from AOCI for the periods ended September 30.March 31.
Three MonthsNine MonthsAffected Line Item on the Three MonthsAffected Line Item on the
Details about AOCIDetails about AOCI2020201920202019Statements of IncomeDetails about AOCI20212020Statements of Income
Qualifying derivativesQualifying derivatives     Qualifying derivatives   
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swaps$(4)$(2)$(9)$(6)Interest ExpenseInterest rate swaps$(1)$(2)Interest Expense
(1)(1)Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of income taxes)
Cross-currency swapsCross-currency swaps(56)27 (24)34 Other Income (Expense) - netCross-currency swaps(37)Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of income taxes)
Total Pre-taxTotal Pre-tax(60)25 (33)28 Total Pre-tax(39)
Income TaxesIncome Taxes12 (3)(3) Income Taxes14  
Total After-taxTotal After-tax(48)22 (25)25  Total After-tax(25) 
Defined benefit plansDefined benefit plans    Defined benefit plans  
Prior service costs (a)Prior service costs (a)(1)(1)(3)(2)Prior service costs (a)(1)
Net actuarial loss (a)Net actuarial loss (a)(64)(25)(181)(78)Net actuarial loss (a)(62)(59)
Total Pre-taxTotal Pre-tax(65)(26)(184)(80)Total Pre-tax(62)(60)
Income TaxesIncome Taxes13 36 17 Income Taxes22 12 
Total After-taxTotal After-tax(52)(20)(148)(63)Total After-tax(40)(48)
Total reclassifications during the periodTotal reclassifications during the period$(100)$$(173)$(38)Total reclassifications during the period$(65)$(45)

(a)    These AOCI components are included in the computation of net periodic defined benefit cost. See Note 10 for additional information.


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Item 2. Combined Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations
 
(All Registrants)
 
This "Item 2. Combined Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" is separately filed by PPL, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU. Information contained herein relating to any individual Registrant is filed by such Registrant solely on its own behalf, and no Registrant makes any representation as to information relating to any other Registrant. The specific Registrant to which disclosures are applicable is identified in parenthetical headings in italics above the applicable disclosure or within the applicable disclosure for each Registrant's related activities and disclosures. Within combined disclosures, amounts are disclosed for individual Registrants when significant.
 
The following should be read in conjunction with the Registrants' Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes and with the Registrants' 20192020 Form 10-K. Capitalized terms and abbreviations are defined in the glossary. Dollars are in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise noted.
 
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" includes the following information:
 
"Overview" provides a description of each Registrant's business strategy and a discussion of important financial and operational developments.

"Results of Operations" for all Registrants includes a "Statement of Income Analysis," which discusses significant changes in principal line items on the Statements of Income, comparing the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 with the same periodsperiod in 2019. For2020. The PPL "Results of Operations" also includes "Segment Earnings" and "Adjusted Gross Margins," which provide a detailed analysis of earnings by reportable segment. These discussions include non-GAAP financial measures, including "Earnings from Ongoing Operations" and "Adjusted Gross Margins" and provide explanations of the non-GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable GAAP measure.

"Financial Condition - Liquidity and Capital Resources" provides an analysis of the Registrants' liquidity positions and credit profiles. This section also includes a discussion of rating agency actions.

"Financial Condition - Risk Management" provides an explanation of the Registrants' risk management programs relating to market and credit risk.

"Application of Critical Accounting Policies" provides an update to PPL's critical accounting policy related to "Income Taxes."

Overview
 
Introduction
 
(PPL)
 
PPL, headquartered in Allentown, Pennsylvania, is a utility holding company. PPL, through its regulated utility subsidiaries, delivers electricity to customers in the U.K., Pennsylvania, Kentucky and Virginia; delivers natural gas to customers in Kentucky; and generates electricity from power plants in Kentucky. On March 17, 2021, PPL WPD Limited entered into a share purchase agreement to sell PPL's U.K. utility business, which substantially represents PPL's U.K. Regulated segment. As a result of this strategic shift in the operations of the business, PPL will no longer provide segment information for the U.K. Regulated segment. See "Financial and Operational Developments - "Share Purchase Agreement to Sell U.K. Utility Business" below for additional information.

PPL's principal subsidiaries are shown below (* denotes a Registrant).
 
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      PPL Corporation*       
              
                  
           
PPL Capital Funding
Provides financing for the operations of PPL and certain subsidiaries
  
        
         
                  
 
PPL GlobalElectric*
Engages in the regulated transmission and distribution of electricity in the U.K.Pennsylvania
  
LKE*
 
  
PPL Electric*Capital Funding
Engages inProvides financing for the regulated transmissionoperations of PPL and distribution of electricity in Pennsylvaniacertain subsidiaries
 
                  
                  
    
LG&E*
Engages in the regulated generation, transmission, distribution and sale of electricity and regulated distribution and sale of natural gas in Kentucky
  
KU*
Engages in the regulated generation, transmission, distribution and sale of electricity, primarily in Kentucky
    
                
 U.K.Pennsylvania
Regulated Segment
  Kentucky
Regulated Segment
  Pennsylvania
Regulated Segment
 
 

PPL's reportable segments' results primarily represent the results of PPL Global, LKE and PPL Electric, except that in 2020 the reportable segments arewere also allocated certain corporate level financing and other costs that arewere not included in the results of PPL Global, LKE and PPL Electric. PPL Global is not a Registrant. Unaudited annual consolidated financial statements forIn 2021, corporate level financing costs are no longer being allocated to the U.K. Regulated segment are furnished by PPL on a Form 8-K with the SEC.reportable segments.

 
In addition to PPL, the other Registrants included in this filing are as follows.
 
(PPL Electric)
 
PPL Electric, headquartered in Allentown, Pennsylvania, is a wholly owned subsidiary of PPL and a regulated public utility that is an electricity transmission and distribution service provider in eastern and central Pennsylvania. PPL Electric is subject to regulation as a public utility by the PUC, and certain of its transmission activities are subject to the jurisdiction of the FERC under the Federal Power Act. PPL Electric delivers electricity in its Pennsylvania service area and provides electricity supply to retail customers in that area as a PLR under the Customer Choice Act.
 
(LKE)
 
LKE, acquired in 2010 and headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, is a wholly owned subsidiary of PPL and a holding company that owns regulated utility operations through its subsidiaries, LG&E and KU, which constitute substantially all of LKE's assets. LG&E and KU are engaged in the generation, transmission, distribution and sale of electricity. LG&E also engages in the transmission, distribution and sale of natural gas.gas in Kentucky. LG&E and KU maintain separate corporate identities and serve customers in Kentucky under their respective names. KU also serves customers in Virginia under the Old Dominion Power name.
 
(LG&E)
 
LG&E, headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, is a wholly owned subsidiary of LKE and a regulated utility engaged in the generation, transmission, distribution and sale of electricity and distribution and sale of natural gas in Kentucky. LG&E is subject to regulation as a public utility by the KPSC, and certain of its transmission activities are subject to the jurisdiction of the FERC under the Federal Power Act.
 
(KU)
 
KU, headquartered in Lexington, Kentucky, is a wholly owned subsidiary of LKE and a regulated utility engaged in the generation, transmission, distribution and sale of electricity in Kentucky and Virginia. KU is subject to regulation as a public
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utility by the KPSC and the VSCC, and certain of its transmission and wholesale power activities are subject to the jurisdiction
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of the FERC under the Federal Power Act. KU serves its Kentucky customers under the KU name and its Virginia customers under the Old Dominion Power name.
 
Business Strategy
 
(All Registrants)
 
PPL operates seven fully regulated, high-performing utilities. These utilities are located in the U.K., Pennsylvania and Kentucky, in constructive regulatory jurisdictions with distinct regulatory structures and customer classes. PPL believes this business portfolio positions the company well for continued success and provides earnings and dividend growth potential.
PPL's strategy, and that ofwhich is supported by the other Registrants, is to deliver best-in-sectorachieve industry-leading performance in safety, reliability, customer satisfaction and operational performance, invest inefficiency; to advance a sustainableclean energy future, provide superior customer service,transition while maintaining affordability and reliability; to maintain a strong financial foundation and engagecreate long-term value for our shareowners; to foster a diverse and develop its people. PPL's business plan is designedexceptional workplace; and to achieve growth by providing efficient, reliable and safe operations andbuild strong customer service, maintaining constructive regulatory relationships and achieving timely recovery of costs. These businesses are expected to achieve strong, long-term growthcommunities in rate base in the U.S. and RAV in the U.K. Rate base growth is being driven by planned significant capital expenditures to maintain existing assets and improve system reliability and, for LKE, LG&E and KU, to comply with federal and state environmental regulations related to coal-fired electricity generation facilities.areas that we serve.

For the U.S. businesses, centralCentral to PPL's strategy is recovering capital project costs efficiently through various rate-making mechanisms, including periodic base rate case proceedings using forward test years, annual FERC formula rate mechanisms and other regulatory agency-approved recovery mechanisms designed to limit regulatory lag. In Kentucky, the KPSC has adopted a series of regulatory mechanisms (ECR, DSM, GLT, fuel adjustment clause, and gas supply clause) and recovery on construction work-in-progress that reduce regulatory lag and provide timely recovery of and return on, as appropriate, prudently incurred costs. In addition, the KPSC requires a utility to obtain a CPCN prior to constructing a facility, unless the construction is an ordinary extension of existing facilities in the usual course of business or does not involve sufficient capital expenditures to materially affect the utility's financial condition. Although such KPSC proceedings do not directly address cost recovery issues, the KPSC, in awarding a CPCN, concludes that the public convenience and necessity require the construction of the facility on the basis that the facility is the lowest reasonable cost alternative to address the need. In Pennsylvania, the FERC transmission formula rate, DSIC mechanism, Smart Meter Rider and other recovery mechanisms operate to reduce regulatory lag and provide for timely recovery of and a return on, as appropriate, prudently incurred costs.

To manage financing costs and access to credit markets, and to fund capital expenditures,In March 2021, PPL entered into definitive agreements that strategically reposition the company as a key objectiveU.S.-based energy company focused on building the utilities of the Registrants isfuture. PPL WPD Limited entered into a share purchase agreement to maintain their investment grade credit ratings and adequate liquidity positions. In addition, the Registrants have financial and operational risk management programs that, among other things, are designed to monitor and manage exposure to earnings and cash flow volatility, as applicable, related to changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and counterparty credit quality. To manage these risks, PPL generally uses contracts such as forwards, options and swaps. See "Financial Condition - Risk Management" below for further information.

Earnings generated bysell PPL's U.K. subsidiaries are subjectutility business to foreign currency translation risk. Because WPD's earnings represent such a significantsubsidiary of National Grid plc. PPL and its subsidiary, PPL Energy Holdings also entered into a separate share purchase agreement to acquire The Narragansett Electric Company from a different subsidiary of National Grid plc, to be financed with a portion of PPL's consolidated earnings, PPL enters into foreign currency contracts to economically hedge the value ofproceeds from the GBP versus the U.S. dollar. These hedges do not receive hedge accounting treatment under GAAP. See "Financial and Operational Developments - U.K. Withdrawal from European Union" for additional discussionsale of the U.K. utility business. On May 3, 2021, an Assignment and Assumption Agreement was entered into by PPL, PPL Energy Holdings, PPL Rhode Island Holdings and National Grid U.S. whereby certain interests of PPL Energy Holdings in the Narragansett SPA were assigned to and assumed by PPL Rhode Island Holdings. The announced transactions are intended to strengthen PPL’s credit metrics, enhance long-term earnings hedging activity.

The U.K. subsidiaries also have currency exposuregrowth and predictability, and provide the company with greater financial flexibility to invest in sustainable energy solutions. See Note 9 to the U.S. dollar toFinancial Statements, and the extent of their U.S. dollar denominated debt. To managediscussions in "Financial and Operating Developments" below, for additional information on these risks, PPL generally uses contracts such as forwards, options and cross-currency swaps that contain characteristics of both interest rate and foreign currency exchange contracts.

As discussed above, a key component of this strategy is to maintain constructive relationships with regulators in all jurisdictions in which the Registrants operate (U.K., U.S. federal and state). This is supported by a strong culture of integrity and delivering on commitments to customers, regulators and shareowners, and a commitment to continue to improve customer service, reliability and operational efficiency.
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transactions.

Financial and Operational Developments

(PPL)
Initiation of Formal Process
Share Purchase Agreement to Sell U.K. Utility Business (PPL)

On August 10, 2020,March 17, 2021, PPL announced that it has initiatedWPD Limited (WPD Limited) entered into a formal processshare purchase agreement (WPD SPA) to sell itsPPL's U.K. utility business.business to National Grid Holdings One plc (National Grid U.K.), a subsidiary of National Grid plc. Pursuant to the WPD SPA, National Grid U.K. will acquire 100% of the issued share capital of PPL notedWPD Investments Limited (WPD Investments) for £7.8 billion in cash. WPD Limited will also receive an additional amount of £548,000 for each day during the period from January 1, 2021 to the closing date if the dividends usually declared by WPD Investments to WPD Limited are not paid for that there can be no assurance of any specific outcome, including whether the sale process will result in the completion of any potential transaction, the timing or terms thereof, the value or benefits that may be realized or the effect that any potential transaction will have on future financial results.period.

As a resultThe completion of the potential sale, PPL assessedtransaction, which is currently expected to occur by the recoverabilityend of July 2021, is subject to approval by National Grid plc's shareholders and receipt of regulatory approvals from the Financial Conduct Authority (the FCA), the Guernsey Financial Services Commission and, if applicable at the time of closing, from the U.K. Secretary of State in connection with the National Security and Investment Bill 2020. On April 22, 2021, National Grid plc’s shareholders approved the transaction pursuant to the listing rules of the assets of its U.K. utility business. PPL prepared a probability-weighted undiscounted cash flow estimate as of September 30, 2020 that consideredFCA. On May 4, 2021, the likelihoodGuernsey Financial Services Commission approved the transaction. The approval of the possible outcomesFCA is the sole remaining approval before the transaction can be consummated. The consummation of the sale process, includingtransaction is not subject to a financing condition.

In connection with entering into the possibility of not selling the U.K. utility business. The resulting cash flow analysis exceeded the carrying value of the assets of the U.K. utility business. A change in the possible outcomes of the sale process could result in the carrying value of the assets ofWPD SPA, the U.K. utility business not being recoverable, which could result in an impairment in future periods.The U.K. utility business will continue to be classified as held and used until it meetshas met the accounting criteria to be classified as assets and liabilities held for sale which includes management obtaining a commitment to a plan to sell from its Boardand discontinued operations beginning with the first quarter of Directors.

Should the U.K. utility business meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale in a future period, PPL will be required at that time to compare the estimated fair value of its2021. Accordingly, PPL’s investment in the U.K. utility business has been reported at its estimated fair value, less costs to sell, to its carrying value for impairment purposes. The measurementresulting in an estimated pre-tax loss on sale of PPL’s carrying value$1.6 billion as of the U.K. utility business will include the realization of accumulated other comprehensive losses, which could arise from currency translation adjustments and defined benefit plans associated with the U.K. utility business.March 31, 2021.

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OutbreakTable of COVID-19Contents(All Registrants)

The continued spread of COVID-19 has led to global economic disruption and volatility in financial markets. The Registrants have taken significant steps to mitigate the potential spread of COVID-19 to our customers, suppliers and employees. PPL has successfully implemented its company-wide pandemic plan, which guides the emergency response. Business continuity and other precautionary measures have been taken to ensure we can continue to safely provide reliable electricity and gas service to our customers. The Registrants have implemented social distancing measures for all employees including work from home arrangements where possible and continue to implement strong physical and cyber security measures to ensure that systems function effectively to serve operational and remote workforce needs. The Registrants continue to monitor developments affecting their workforces and customers and will take additional actions as appropriate to respond to changing conditions and mitigate the impacts.

This is a rapidly evolving situation that could lead to extended disruption of economic activity in the Registrants’ markets for an undetermined period of time. Lock-down or closure of non-essential businesses has occurred in each of the Registrants’ service territories, which has resulted in reductions in commercial and industrial demand and an increase in residential demand for electricity service. The impact of this net reduction in load has not been material to the Registrants' year to date 2020 financial condition. The impact on future periods will depend upon various factors, including the pace and extent to which the Registrants' jurisdictions reopen their economies and community response to the reopening of businesses as well as the extent that businesses continue work from home protocols. We cannot predict these factors and therefore cannot quantify the overall impact COVID-19 will have on our 2020 results of operations.

The Registrants are committed to supporting their customers and communities and have followed federal and state mandates to suspend disconnections for non-payment and new late fees, reconnect service for customers who had previously been disconnected and develop late payment plans with customers, where appropriate. The Registrants have experienced an increase in aged accounts receivable, resulting in an increase in credit losses. See "Current Expected Credit Losses" in Note 29 to the Financial Statements for additional information.information on the WPD SPA.

Share Purchase Agreement to Acquire The Registrants will continueNarragansett Electric Company

On March 17, 2021, PPL and its subsidiary, PPL Energy Holdings, entered into a share purchase agreement (Narragansett SPA) with National Grid USA (National Grid U.S.), a subsidiary of National Grid plc to monitor cash receiptsacquire 100% of the outstanding shares of common stock of The Narragansett Electric Company (Narragansett Electric) for approximately $3.8 billion in cash. On May 3, 2021, an Assignment and accounts receivable agingAssumption Agreement was entered into by PPL, PPL Energy Holdings, PPL Rhode Island Holdings and National Grid U.S. whereby certain interests of PPL Energy Holdings in the Narragansett SPA were assigned to determine if further increases in their allowance for uncollectible accounts are required.and assumed by PPL Rhode Island Holdings. Pursuant to that Assignment and Assumption Agreement, PPL Rhode Island Holdings became the purchasing entity under the Narragansett SPA. The acquisition is expected to be funded with proceeds from the sale of the U.K. utility business. PPL has agreed to guarantee all obligations of PPL Energy Holdings and PPL Rhode Island Holdings under the Narragansett SPA and the related Assignment and Assumption Agreement.

At September 30, 2020,The closing of the Registrants had approximately $3.6 billion of combined unused credit facility capacity.In addition, PPL Capital Funding, PPL Electric, LG&E and KU may,acquisition, which is currently expected to occur by March 2022, is subject to the prior closing of the sale of WPD Investments to National Grid U.K. and is also subject to the receipt of certain U.S. regulatory approvals, as well as other customary conditions increase their syndicated credit facilities in an aggregate amountto closing. The consummation of upthe transaction is not subject to $1 billion. In April 2020, PPL Capital Funding issued $1 billion in senior notes. In June 2020, KU issued $500 million of First Mortgage Bonds due 2050. In October 2020, PPL Electric issued $250 million of First Mortgage Bonds, Floating Rate Series due 2023. a financing condition.In October 2020, WPD (South Wales) issued £250 million of 1.625% Senior
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Notes due 2035. Based on available liquidity and access to capital markets, the Registrants do not anticipate a significant impact on their financial condition or liquidity, and do not foresee difficulties in accessing the capital markets in the near-term. See Note 89 to the Financial Statements for additional information.information on the Narragansett SPA.

The Registrants have assessed the fair value of their assets and liabilities and no impairment charges were required. See “Goodwill Assessment” below for additional information on the interim goodwill impairment test performed for the U.K. Regulated segment reporting unit in the first quarter of 2020.

PPL’s pension plans continue to be well-funded as its liability-driven investment strategy and active management function to mitigate investment losses resulting from market volatility.

In response to COVID-19, on March 27, 2020, President Donald Trump signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the CARES Act). PPL evaluated the provisions of the CARES Act and believes there is no significant effect on its financial statements. Certain tax provisions may result in immaterial cash benefits in 2020.

To date, there has been no material impact on the Registrants’ business, financial condition, liquidity or on their supply chain as a result of COVID-19. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the following estimated changes in revenue and incremental costs incurred resulted from the impact of COVID-19:
Increase (Reduction) in RevenueIncremental Costs
Three MonthsNine MonthsThree MonthsNine Months
PPL$(33)$(94)$$26 
WPD(30)(70)19 
LKE(3)(24)— 
LG&E(5)(14)— 
KU(10)— 

WPD tariffs are set to recover allowed revenues. Any under-recoveries, including the estimated amounts shown above, will be added to revenue, with interest, in future years through K-factor. See discussion of K-factor in “Item 1. Business” of PPL’s 2019 Form 10-K.The impact on revenue and incremental COVID-19 related costs were not significant at PPL Electric.

The ultimate severity or duration of the outbreak or its effects on the global economy, the capital markets, or the Registrants’ workforce, contractors, customers and suppliers is uncertain. The Registrants cannot predict the ultimate impact COVID-19 will have on their financial position, results of operations, cash flows or liquidity.

Goodwill Assessment (PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the U.S. and global economies and continues to present extraordinary challenges to businesses, communities, workforces and markets. In the U.S. and throughout the world, governmental authorities have taken urgent and extensive actions to contain the spread of the virus and mitigate known or foreseeable impacts. In the Registrants’ service territories, mitigation measures have included quarantines, stay-at-home orders, travel restrictions, reduced operations or closures of businesses, schools and governmental agencies, and legislative or regulatory actions to address health or other pandemic-related concerns, all of which have the potential to adversely impact the Registrants' business and operations, especially if these measures remain in effect for a prolonged period of time. PPL’s shares have experienced volatility and a decrease in market value since the outbreak of COVID-19.

During the three month period ended March 31, 2020, PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU considered whether these events would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the Registrants’ reporting units below their carrying amounts. Based on our assessment, a quantitative impairment test was not required for the LKE, LG&E and KU reporting units, but was required for the U.K. Regulated segment reporting unit, the allocated goodwill of which was $2.5 billion at March 31, 2020. The test did not indicate impairment of the reporting unit.

Management used both discounted cash flows and market multiples, including implied RAV premiums, which required significant assumptions, to estimate the fair value of the reporting units. Significant assumptions used in the discounted cash flows include discount and growth rates, the finalization of RIIO-ED2, and projected operating and capital cash flows. Projected operating and capital cash flows are based on the internal business plans, which assume the occurrence of certain
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future events. Significant assumptions used in the market multiples include sector market performance and comparable transactions.

A high degree of judgment is required to develop estimates related to fair value conclusions. A decrease in the forecasted cash flows of 10%, an increase in the discount rate of 10%, or a 10% decrease in the market multiples would not have resulted in an impairment of goodwill for the U.K. Regulated segment reporting unit.

During the three month periods ended June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2020, no goodwill impairment triggers were identified. However, an impairment charge could occur in future periods if PPL’s share price or any of the assumptions used in determining fair value of the reporting units are negatively impacted.

U.K. Corporation Tax Rate Change(PPL)

The U.K. corporation tax rate was scheduled to be reduced from 19% to 17%, effective April 1, 2020. On March 11, 2020, the U.K. Finance Act 2020 included a cancellation of the tax rate reduction to 17%, thereby maintaining the corporation tax rate at 19%. The Finance Act 2020 was formally enacted on July 22, 2020. The primary impact of the cancellation of the corporation tax rate reduction was an increase in deferred tax liabilities and a corresponding deferred tax expense of $106 million.

U.S. Tax Reform (All Registrants)

In July 2020, the IRS issued final and new proposed regulations relating to limitations on interest deductibility for tax purposes. The Registrants will apply the final regulations beginning in the 2021 tax year. The proposed regulations will apply in the year in which the regulations are issued in final form, which is expected to be in 2021 or later. The Registrants are evaluating the final and proposed regulations, but do not expect the regulations to have a material impact on the Registrants’ financial condition or results of operations.

U.K. Withdrawal from European Union (PPL)
In March 2017, the U.K. Government invoked Article 50 (Article 50) of the Lisbon Treaty, formally beginning the two-year period for the U.K. to negotiate an agreement specifying the terms of its withdrawal from the European Union (EU), popularly referred to as Brexit. After repeated extensions, in October 2019, the EU agreed to extend the Article 50 process until January 31, 2020. Following an early general election in December 2019, which resulted in a substantial Conservative Party Parliamentary majority, the U.K. and EU Parliaments voted to approve the EU withdrawal agreement negotiated by Prime Minister Boris Johnson.

The U.K. formally left the EU on January 31, 2020, entering a transition period that is scheduled to end on December 31, 2020. During the transition period, the U.K. will seek to negotiate a free trade arrangement with the EU and also negotiate new trade terms with countries outside of the EU. The deadline for the U.K. requesting an extension to the transition period passed on June 30, 2020. Significant uncertainty continues to surround the outcome of the transition period. PPL believes that its greatest risks relate to any extended period of depressed value of the GBP or the potential further decline in the value of the GBP compared to the U.S. dollar. A decline in the value of the GBP compared to the U.S. dollar will reduce the value of WPD's earnings to PPL.

PPL has executed hedges to mitigate the foreign exchange risk to its U.K. earnings. As of September 30, 2020, PPL's foreign exchange exposure related to budgeted earnings is 100% hedged for 2020 at an average rate of $1.45 per GBP.

PPL cannot predict the impact, in either the short-term or long-term, on foreign exchange rates or PPL's financial condition that may be experienced as a result of the actions taken by the U.K. government to withdraw from the EU, although such impacts could be material.

PPL does not expect the financial condition and results of operations of WPD, itself, to change significantly as a result of Brexit. The regulatory environment and operation of WPD's businesses are not expected to change. RIIO-ED1, the current price control, with allowed revenues agreed with Ofgem runs through March 2023. The impact of a slower economy or recession on WPD would be mitigated in part because U.K. regulation provides that any reduction in the volume of electricity delivered will be recovered in allowed revenues in future periods through the K-factor adjustment. See "Item 1. Business - Segment Information - U.K. Regulated Segment" in PPL's 2019 Form 10-K for additional information on the current price control and K-factor adjustment. In addition, an increase in inflation would have a positive effect on revenues and RAV as annual inflation adjustments are applied to both revenues and RAV (and real returns are earned on inflated RAV). This impact, however, would
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be partially offset by higher operation and maintenance expenses and interest expense on index-linked debt. With respect to access to financing, WPD has substantial borrowing capacity under existing credit facilities and expects to continue to have access to all major financial markets. With respect to access to and cost of equipment and other materials, WPD management continues to review U.K. government issued advice on preparations for Brexit and has taken actions to mitigate potential increasing costs and disruption to its critical sources of supply. Additionally, less than 1% of WPD's employees are non-U.K. EU nationals and no change in their domicile is expected.

Regulatory Requirements

(All Registrants)

The Registrants cannot predict the impact that future regulatory requirements may have on their financial condition or results of operations.

(PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)

The businesses of LKE, LG&E and KU are subject to extensive federal, state and local environmental laws, rules and regulations, including those pertaining to CCRs, GHG, and ELGs. See Notes 7, 11 and 16 to the Financial Statements for a discussion of these significant environmental matters. These and other stringent environmental requirements led PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU to retire approximately 1,200 MW of coal-fired generating plants in Kentucky since 2010.

RIIO-2 Framework (PPL)

In 2018, Ofgem issued its consultation document on the RIIO-2 framework, covering all U.K. gas and electricity transmission and distribution price controls. The current electricity distribution price control, RIIO-ED1, continues through March 31, 2023 and will not be impacted by the RIIO-2 consultation process. Later in 2018, Ofgem published its decision following its RIIO-2 framework consultation after consideration of comments received including those from WPD and PPL.

In August 2019, Ofgem published an open letter seeking views on its proposed sector specific approach on the RIIO-ED2 framework. WPD and PPL provided responses to this open letter. In December 2019, Ofgem published its decision on the RIIO-ED2 framework, thus confirming the following points in its RIIO-2 and RIIO-ED2 framework decision documents:

RIIO-ED2 will be a five-year price control period, compared to eight years in the current RIIO-ED1 price control.
CPI or CPIH will be used for inflation measurement in calculating both RAV and allowed returns rather than RPI.
The baseline allowed return on equity will be set using the same methodology in all RIIO-2 sectors. The new methodology includes; (a) an equity indexation, whereby the allowed return on equity is updated to reflect changes in the risk-free rate, and (b) potentially setting the allowed return 0.5% below the expected return.
Full debt indexation will be retained.
The early settlement process (fast tracking) will be removed and replaced with an alternative mechanism to incentivize high-quality, rigorous and ambitious business plans.
The Totex incentive rate will be based on a confidence level for setting baseline cost allowances.
A new enhanced engagement model will be introduced requiring distribution companies to set up a customer engagement group to provide Ofgem with a public report of local stakeholders’ views on the companies’ business plans. Ofgem will also establish an independent RIIO-2 challenge group comprised of consumer experts to provide Ofgem with a public report on companies’ business plans.
There will be no change to the existing depreciation policy of using economic asset lives as the basis for depreciating RAV as part of base revenue calculations. WPD is currently transitioning to 45-year asset lives for new additions in RIIO-ED1 based on Ofgem’s extensive review of asset lives in RIIO-ED1.
A focus of RIIO-2 will be on whole-system outcomes. Ofgem intends for network companies and system operators to work together to ensure the energy system as a whole is efficient and delivers the best value to consumers. Ofgem is undertaking further work to clarify the definition of whole-system and the appropriate roles of the network companies in supporting this objective. Ofgem is still undecided on how DSO functions are to be treated. Ofgem will include a DSO reopener to reassess progress made in the establishment of DSO activities.

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On July 30, 2020 Ofgem published its consultation on the RIIO-ED2 price control methodology which Ofgem will use to apply its framework decisions listed above. Some of the key aspects in Ofgem’s consultation include:

Proposing a suite of Net-Zero related investment and innovation mechanisms, including a Net Zero re-opener, to ensure that RIIO-ED2 is adaptable and can keep pace with changes in the wider policy and technological environment.
Consulting on four different models for managing strategic investment to enable more flexibility within the price control and allow DNOs to adapt their investment plans to keep pace with Net Zero.
Consulting on debt allowance proposals including the debt allowance calibration, the index used, and a possible additional cost of borrowing allowance.
Consulting on whether the three-stage equity indexation methodology for baseline allowance returns proposed in the Gas Distribution and Transmission Draft Determination should equally apply to the ED sector and if the estimation approach for systematic risk should differ for ED2.
Proposing to introduce a suite of reforms to define and regulate the distribution system operation. In the first instance, those reforms will apply to DNOs.

WPD and PPL continue to be fully engaged in the RIIO-ED2 process. The comment period on the July 30, 2020 consultation closed on October 1, 2020, which WPD provided a response to, and a decision on the RIIO-ED2 Sector Specific Methodology will be made in December 2020. Final Determinations for RIIO-ED2 will be made in December 2022. The RIIO-ED2 price control will come into effect on April 1, 2023. PPL cannot predict the outcome of this process or the long-term impact the final RIIO-ED2 price control will have on its financial condition or results of operations.

Challenge to PPL Electric Transmission Formula Rate Return on Equity

(PPL and PPL Electric)

On May 21, 2020, PP&L Industrial Customer Alliance (PPLICA) filed a complaint with the FERC alleging that PPL Electric's base return on equity (ROE) of 11.18% used to determine PPL Electric's formula transmission rate is unjust and unreasonable, and proposing an alternative ROE of 8.0% based on its interpretation of FERC Opinion No. 569. However, also on May 21, 2020, the FERC issued Opinion No. 569-A in response to numerous requests for rehearing of Opinion No. 569, which revised the method for analyzing base ROE. On June 10, 2020, PPLICA filed a Motion to Supplement the May 21, 2020 complaint in which PPLICA continued to allege that PPL Electric’s base ROE is unjust and unreasonable, but revised its analysis of PPL Electric's base ROE to reflect the guidance provided in Opinion No. 569-A. The amended complaint proposed an updated alternative ROE of 8.5% and also requested that the FERC preserve the original refund effective date as established by the filing of the original complaint on May 21, 2020. Several parties have filed motions to intervene, including one party who filed Comments in Support of the original complaint.

On July 10, 2020, PPL Electric filed its Answer and supporting Testimony to the PPLICA filings arguing that the FERC should deny the original and amended complaints as they are without merit and fail to demonstrate the existing base ROE is unjust and unreasonable. In addition, PPL Electric contended any refund effective date should be set for no earlier than June 10, 2020 and PPLICA's proposed replacement ROE should be rejected.

On October 15, 2020, the FERC issued an order on the PPLICA complaints which established hearing and settlement procedures, set a refund effective date of May 21, 2020 and granted the motions to intervene. On November 16, 2020, PPL Electric filed a request for rehearing of the portion of the October 15, 2020 Order that set the May 21, 2020 refund effective date. On December 17, 2020, the FERC issued a Notice of Denial of Rehearing by Operation of Law and Providing for Further Consideration. On February 16 and April 19, 2021, PPL Electric filed Petitions for Review with the United States Court of
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Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit of the portion of the October 15, 2020 Order that set the May 21, 2020 refund effective date.

PPL Electric continues to believe its ROE is just and reasonable and that it has meritorious defenses against the original and amended complaints. At this time,Settlement negotiations are currently proceeding, but there can be no assurance that they will result in a final settlement. Although PPL Electric cannot predict the outcome of this matter, orin the rangefirst quarter of possible losses, if any, that may be incurred. However,2021, PPL Electric recorded a revenue reserve of $19 million after-tax. Of this amount, $13 million relates to the period from May 21, 2020 to December 31, 2020. Additional revenue earned from May 21, 2020 through the settlementultimate resolution of this matter may be subject to refund. A change of 50 basis points to the base ROE would impact PPL Electric's net income by approximately $12 million on an annual basis.

FERC Transmission Rate Filing

(PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)

In 2018, LG&E and KU applied to the FERC requesting elimination of certain on-going credits to a sub-set of transmission customers relating to the 1998 merger of LG&E's and KU's parent entities and the 2006 withdrawal of LG&E and KU from the Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc. (MISO), a regional transmission operator and energy market. The application sought termination of LG&E's and KU's commitment to provide certain Kentucky municipalities mitigation for certain horizontal market power concerns arising out of the 1998 LG&E and KU merger and 2006 MISO withdrawal. The amounts at
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issue are generally waivers or credits granted to a limited number of Kentucky municipalities for either certain LG&E and KU or MISO transmission charges incurred for transmission service received. Due to the development of robust, accessible energy markets over time, LG&E and KU believe the mitigation commitments are no longer relevant or appropriate. In March 2019, the FERC granted LG&E's and KU's request to remove the ongoing credits, conditioned upon the implementation by LG&E and KU of a transition mechanism for certain existing power supply arrangements, subject to FERC review and approval. In July 2019, LG&E and KU proposed their transition mechanism to the FERC and in September 2019, the FERC rejected the proposed transition mechanism and issued a separate order providing clarifications of certain aspects of the March order. In October 2019, LG&E and KU filed requests for rehearing and clarification on the two September orders.mechanism. In September 2020, the FERC issued its orders in the rehearing process that modified the discussion in, and set aside portionsvarious aspects of the September 2019 orders which had approved future termination of the credits, including adjusting factors impactingwhich customer arrangements are covered by the proposed transition mechanism.mechanism and respective future periods or dates for termination of credits. In OctoberNovember 2020, boththe FERC denied the parties' rehearing requests. In November 2020 and January 2021, LG&E and KU and other parties filed separate motions for rehearing and clarification regarding FERC’sappealed the September 2020 orders. A FERC decision on these rehearing requests is expected byand November 18, 2020. Certain other petitions for review of the FERC's2020 orders have been filed by multiple parties, including LG&E and KU, withat the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals. The appellate proceedings are continuing, and also include certain additional prior pending petitions for review relating to the matter. On January 15, 2021, LG&E and KU made a filing seeking FERC acceptance of a new proposal for a transition mechanism. On March 16, 2021, the FERC accepted the filed transition mechanism agreements effective on March 17, 2021 but subject to refund, and established hearing and settlement procedures. LG&E and KU are also required to make certain compliance filings consistent with the March 16, 2021 order. LG&E and KU cannot predict the outcome of thesethe respective appellate and FERC proceedings. LG&E and KU currently receive recovery of the waivers and credits provided through other rate mechanisms.mechanisms and such rate recovery would be anticipated to be adjusted consistent with potential changes or terminations of the waivers and credits, as such become effective.

(PPL and PPL Electric)

In April 2020, PPL Electric filed its annual transmission formula rate update with the FERC, reflecting a revised revenue requirement that took effect in June 2020.

Rate Case Proceedings

(PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)

On October 23,November 25, 2020, LG&E and KU filed notices of intentrequests with the KPSC to file applications for proposed adjustments of general electrican increase in annual electricity and gas revenues of approximately $331 million ($131 million and $170 million in electricity revenues at LG&E and KU and $30 million in gas revenues at LG&E). The revenue increases would be an increase of 11.6% and 10.4% in electricity revenues at LG&E and KU, and an increase of 8.3% in gas revenues at LG&E. In recognition of the economic impact of COVID-19, LG&E and KU requested approval of a one-year billing credit which will credit customers approximately $53 million ($41 million at LG&E and $12 million at KU). The billing credit represents the return to customers of certain regulatory liabilities on LG&E’s and KU’s Balance Sheets and serves to partially mitigate the rate increases during the first year in which the new rates on or after November 25, 2020. are in effect.

LG&E’s and KU’s applications also included a request for a CPCN to deploy Advanced Metering Infrastructure across LG&E’s and KU’s service territories in Kentucky.
The applications will also include requestswere based on a forecasted test year of July 1, 2021 through June 30, 2022 and requested an authorized return on equity of 10.0%.

On April 19, 2021, LG&E and KU entered into an agreement with all intervening parties to the proceedings resolving all matters in their applications, with the explicit exception of LG&E's and KU's net metering proposals. The agreement proposes increases in annual revenues of $217 million ($77 million and $116 million in electricity revenues at LG&E and KU and $24 million in gas revenues at LG&E) based on an authorized return on equity of 9.55%. The proposal includes an authorized
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9.35% return on equity for the ECR and GLT mechanisms. The agreement does not modify the requested one-year billing credit. The agreement proposes that the KPSC should grant LG&E’s and KU’s request for a CPCN to deploy Advanced Metering Infrastructure and other matters.proposes the establishment of a Retired Asset Recovery rider (RAR) to provide recovery of and return on the remaining investment in certain electric generating units upon their retirement over a ten-year period following retirement. In respect of the RAR rider, the agreement proposes that LG&E and KU will continue to use currently approved depreciation rates for Mill Creek units 1 and 2 and Brown Unit 3. The agreement also proposes a four-year “stay-out” commitment from LG&E and KU to refrain from effective base rate increases before July 1, 2025, subject to certain exceptions.

A hearing on the agreement, and the underlying proceedings, was completed on April 28, 2021. Subject to KPSC approval, the rates, decreased by the amount of the billing credit, are expected to become effective July 1, 2021. An Order on the net metering issues is expected by the end of September 2021. PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU cannot predict the outcome of these potential proceedings.

(LKEand KU)

In July 2019, KU filed a request with the VSCC for an increase in annual Virginia base electricity revenues of approximately $13 million, representing an increase of 18.2%. In January 2020, KU reached a partial settlement agreement including an increase in annual Virginia base electricity revenues of $9 million effective May 1, 2020, representing an increase of 12.9%. A hearing on the settlement and certain tariff provisions was held in January 2020. On April 6, 2020, the VSCC issued an order approving the settlement and Hearing Examiner tariff provision recommendations. KU implemented the new rates on May 1, 2020.

Results of Operations

(PPL)

The "Statement of Income Analysis" discussion below describes significant changes in principal line items on PPL'sthe Statements of Income, comparing the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 with the same periodsperiod in 2019.2020. The "Segment Earnings" and "Adjusted Gross Margins" discussions for PPL provide a review of results by reportable segment. These discussions include non-GAAP financial measures, including "Earnings from Ongoing Operations" and "Adjusted Gross Margins," and provide explanations of the non-GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation of those measures to the most comparable GAAP measure.

Tables analyzing changes in amounts between periods within "Statement of Income Analysis," "Segment Earnings" and "Adjusted Gross Margins" are presented on a constant GBP to U.S. dollar exchange rate basis, where applicable, in order to isolate the impact of the change in the exchange rate on the item being explained. Results computed on a constant GBP to U.S. dollar exchange rate basis are calculated by translating current year results at the prior year weighted-average GBP to U.S. dollar exchange rate.

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(PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

A "Statement of Income Analysis" is presented separately for PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU. The "Statement of Income Analysis" discussion below describes significant changes in principal line items on the Statements of Income, comparing the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 with the same periodsperiod in 2019.2020.

(All Registrants)

The results for interim periods can be disproportionately influenced by numerous factors and developments and by seasonal variations. As such, the results of operations for interim periods do not necessarily indicate results or trends for the year or future periods.

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PPL: Statement of Income Analysis, Segment Earnings and Adjusted Gross Margins

Statement of Income Analysis

Net income for the periods ended September 30March 31 includes the following results:
Three MonthsNine Months Three Months
20202019$ Change20202019$ Change 20212020$ Change
Operating RevenuesOperating Revenues$1,885 $1,933 $(48)$5,678 $5,815 $(137)Operating Revenues$1,498 $1,440 $58 
Operating ExpensesOperating ExpensesOperating Expenses
OperationOperationOperation
FuelFuel177 194 (17)478 556 (78)Fuel177 163 14 
Energy purchasesEnergy purchases136 150 (14)470 538 (68)Energy purchases220 201 19 
Other operation and maintenanceOther operation and maintenance483 480 1,446 1,452 (6)Other operation and maintenance367 355 12 
DepreciationDepreciation323 306 17 959 890 69 Depreciation267 250 17 
Taxes, other than incomeTaxes, other than income79 77 226 232 (6)Taxes, other than income52 47 
Total Operating ExpensesTotal Operating Expenses1,198 1,207 (9)3,579 3,668 (89)Total Operating Expenses1,083 1,016 67 
Other Income (Expense) - netOther Income (Expense) - net52 126 (74)253 309 (56)Other Income (Expense) - net— (5)
Interest ExpenseInterest Expense249 259 (10)750 746 Interest Expense153 154 (1)
Income from Continuing Operations Before Income TaxesIncome from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes262 265 (3)
Income TaxesIncome Taxes209 118 91 423 328 95 Income Taxes59 61 (2)
Net Income$281 $475 $(194)$1,179 $1,382 $(203)
Income from Continuing Operations After Income TaxesIncome from Continuing Operations After Income Taxes203 204 (1)
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of income taxes) (Note 9)Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of income taxes) (Note 9)(2,043)350 (2,393)
Net Income (Loss)Net Income (Loss)$(1,840)$554 $(2,394)

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Operating Revenues

The increase (decrease) in operating revenues was due to:
Three MonthsNine Months
Domestic:
PPL Electric Distribution price (a)$(16)$(16)
PPL Electric Distribution volumes (b)(11)
PPL Electric PLR (c)(13)(38)
PPL Electric Transmission Formula Rate (d)24 63 
LKE Retail Rates (e)— 64 
LKE ECR (f)— 28 
LKE Fuel and other energy prices (g)(3)(42)
LKE Municipal supply (h)— (28)
LKE Volumes (i)(33)(84)
LKE Demand (j)(8)(32)
Other(1)
Total Domestic(42)(97)
U.K.:
Price(4)19 
Volumes (j)(22)(62)
Foreign currency exchange rates14 (3)
Engineering recharge income
Other(2)(1)
Total U.K.(6)(40)
Total$(48)$(137)
Three Months
PPL Electric Distribution price$(2)
PPL Electric Distribution volume (a)17 
PPL Electric PLR (b)
PPL Electric Transmission Formula Rate (c)(22)
LKE Volumes (a)42 
LKE Fuel and other energy prices (d)14 
Other
Total$58 

(a)The distribution price variances areincrease was primarily due to reconcilable cost recovery mechanisms approved by the PUC.favorable weather.
(b)The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2020increase was primarily due to warmer weather in the first quarterfavorable volumes of 2020,$32 million, partially offset by warmer weather in the third quarterlower prices of 2020.$20 million and higher customer shopping of $6 million.
(c)The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to a $27 million reserve recorded due to a challenge to the transmission formula rate return on equity and a $17 million decrease as a result of a lower energy prices,PPL zonal peak load billing factor, partially offset by higher volumes of non-shopping customers and favorable weather. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily the result of lower energy prices and unfavorable weather, partially offset by higher volumes of non-shopping customers in 2020.
(d)The increases were primarily due to$19 million from returns on additional transmission capital investments. See Note 7 to the Financial Statements for additional information on the transmission formula rate return on equity challenge.
(e)(d)The increase was primarily due to higher base rates, inclusive of the termination of the TCJA bill credit mechanism, effective May 1, 2019.
(f)The increase was primarily due to higher recoverable depreciation expense as a result of higher depreciation rates effective May 1, 2019.
(g)The decreases were primarily due to lower recoveries of fuel and energy purchases due to lowerhigher commodity costs.
(h)The decrease was primarily due to the termination of eight supply contracts with Kentucky municipalities on April 30, 2019.
(i)The decreases were primarily due to weather.
(j)The decreases were primarily due to COVID-19.costs and higher off-system sales prices.

Fuel

Fuel decreased $17increased $14 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared with 2019,2020, primarily due to an $13 million decreaseincrease in volumes driven by weather and a $2 million decrease in commodity costs.

Fuel decreased $78 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with 2019, primarily due to a $43 million decrease in volumes driven by weather, a $27 million decrease in commodity costs and a $9 million decrease in volumes driven by the termination of eight supply contracts with Kentucky municipalities on April 30, 2019.weather.

Energy Purchases

Energy purchases decreased $14increased $19 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared with 2019,2020, primarily due to lower PLR prices of $21an $11 million partially offsetincrease in gas volumes driven by higher PLR volumes of $7weather and a $3 million increase in commodity costs. at PPL Electric.LKE

Energy purchases decreased $68 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with 2019, primarily due to lower PLR prices of $54 million, partially offset by higher transmission enhancement expenses of $12 million at PPL Electric as well as a $22 million decrease due to lower commodity costs at LKE.

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Other Operation and Maintenance

The increase (decrease) in other operation and maintenance was due to:
 Three MonthsNine Months
Domestic:  
PPL Electric Act 129$(5)$(12)
PPL Electric bad debts(7)(3)
PPL Electric universal service rider(4)(8)
PPL Electric canceled projects— 
LKE plant operations and maintenance(1)(9)
LKE COVID-19 impact— 
Storm costs(15)
Other(6)(10)
U.K.:  
Pension
Foreign currency exchange rates(2)
Third-party engineering
Engineering management(1)
COVID-19 impact19 
Other
Total$$(6)
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Three Months
PPL Electric storm costs$
PPL Electric Act 129(1)
PPL Electric bad debts(3)
PPL Electric canceled projects(11)
LKE plant operations and maintenance
LKE transmission operations and maintenance
LKE distribution operations and maintenance
Other
Total$12 

Depreciation

The increase in depreciation was due to:
 Three MonthsNine Months
Additions to PP&E, net$12 $38 
Foreign currency exchange rates(1)
Depreciation rates (a)— 26 
Other
Total$17 $69 
Three Months
Additions to PP&E, net$13 
Other
Total$17 

(a)Higher depreciation rates were effective May 1, 2019 at LG&E and KU.


Other Income (Expense) - net

The increase (decrease) in other income (expense) - net was due to:
Three MonthsNine Months
Economic foreign currency exchange contracts (Note 15)$(63)$(12)
Defined benefit plans - non-service credits (Note 10)(10)(35)
Other(1)(9)
Total$(74)$(56)

Interest Expense

The increase (decrease) in interest expense was due to:
Three MonthsNine Months
Long-term debt interest expense$(6)$20 
Short-term debt interest expense(8)(15)
Foreign currency exchange rates— 
Other(1)
Total$(10)$

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Income Taxes

The increase (decrease)Income taxes decreased $2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared with 2020, primarily due to a change in pre-tax income. See Note 6 to the Financial Statements for additional information on income taxes was due to:
Three MonthsNine Months
Change in pre-tax income$(12)$(16)
Federal and state income tax return adjustments(9)(10)
Impact of the U.K. Finance Acts on deferred tax balances (a)109 109 
Amortization of excess deferred income taxes(2)(4)
Kentucky recycling credit, net of federal income tax expense (b)— 20 
Other(4)
Total$91 $95 
taxes.

Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of income taxes)
(a)
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of income taxes) decreased $2.4 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared with 2020. The U.K. corporationdecrease was attributable primarily to a loss on sale of approximately $1.6 billion and an increase in income tax rate was scheduled to be reduced from 19% to 17%, effective April 1, 2020. On March 11, 2020,expense of $672 million in 2021. The increase in income tax expense includes federal tax expense of $689 million for the U.K. Finance Act 2020 included a cancellationrecognition of the tax rate reduction to 17%, thereby maintainingcost associated with the corporation tax rate at 19%. The Finance Act 2020 was formally enacted on July 22, 2020. The primary impactrealization of the cancellationbook-tax outside basis difference in PPL's investment in the U.K. utility business. See "Discontinued Operations" in Note 9 to the Financial Statements for summarized results of operations for the corporation tax rate reduction was an increase in deferred tax liabilities and a corresponding deferred tax expense of $106 million.
(b)During the second quarter of 2019, LKE recorded a deferred income tax benefit associated with two projects placed into service that prepare a generation waste material for reuse and, as a result, qualify for a Kentucky recycling credit. The applicable credit provides tax benefits for a portion of the equipment costs for major recycling projects in Kentucky. A portion of this amount has been reserved due to insufficient Kentucky taxable income projected at LKE.U.K. utility business.

Segment Earnings

PPL's Net Income by reportable segment for the periods ended September 30March 31 was as follows:
Three MonthsNine Months Three Months
20202019$ Change20202019$ Change 20212020$ Change
U.K. Regulated$55 $236 $(181)$574 $784 $(210)
Kentucky RegulatedKentucky Regulated129 150 (21)330 364 (34)Kentucky Regulated$146 $127 $19 
Pennsylvania RegulatedPennsylvania Regulated135 118 17 371 333 38 Pennsylvania Regulated113 118 (5)
Corporate and Other (a)(b)Corporate and Other (a)(b)(38)(29)(9)(96)(99)Corporate and Other (a)(b)(56)(41)(15)
Discontinued Operations (c)Discontinued Operations (c)(2,043)350 (2,393)
Net IncomeNet Income$281 $475 $(194)$1,179 $1,382 $(203)Net Income$(1,840)$554 $(2,394)

(a)Primarily represents financing and certain other costs incurred at the corporate level that have not been allocated or assigned to the segments, which are presented to reconcile segment information to PPL's consolidated results.
(b)The amount for the period ended March 31, 2020 has been adjusted for certain costs that were previously included in the U.K. Regulated segment.
(c)See Note 9 to the Financial Statements for additional information.

Earnings from Ongoing Operations

Management utilizes "Earnings from Ongoing Operations" as a non-GAAP financial measure that should not be considered as an alternative to net income, an indicator of operating performance determined in accordance with GAAP. PPL believes that Earnings from Ongoing Operations is useful and meaningful to investors because it provides management's view of PPL's earnings performance as another criterion in making investment decisions. In addition, PPL's management uses Earnings from Ongoing Operations in measuring achievement of certain corporate performance goals, including targets for certain executive incentive compensation. Other companies may use different measures to present financial performance.

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Earnings from Ongoing Operations is adjusted for the impact of special items. Special items are presented in the financial tables on an after-tax basis with the related income taxes on special items separately disclosed. Income taxes on special items, when applicable, are calculated based on the statutory tax rate of the entity where the activity is recorded. Special items may include items such as:

Unrealized gains or losses on foreign currency economic hedges (as discussed below).
Gains and losses on sales of assets not in the ordinary course of business.
• Impairment charges.
• Significant workforce reduction and other restructuring effects.
• Acquisition and divestiture-related adjustments.
• Other charges or credits that are, in management's view, non-recurring or otherwise not reflective of the company's ongoing operations.

Unrealized gains or losses on foreign currency economic hedges include the changes in fair value of foreign currency contracts used to hedge GBP-denominated anticipated earnings. The changes in fair value of these contracts are recognized immediately within GAAP earnings. Management believes that excluding these amounts from Earnings from Ongoing Operations until
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settlement of the contracts provides a better matching of the financial impacts of those contracts with the economic value of PPL's underlying hedged earnings. See Note 15 to the Financial Statements and "Risk Management" below for additional information on foreign currency economic activity.

PPL's Earnings from Ongoing Operations by reportable segment for the periods ended September 30March 31 were as follows:
Three MonthsNine Months Three Months
20202019$ Change20202019$ Change 20212020$ Change
U.K. Regulated$213 $205 $$767 $773 $(6)
Kentucky RegulatedKentucky Regulated129 150 (21)334 364 (30)Kentucky Regulated$142 $127 $15 
Pennsylvania RegulatedPennsylvania Regulated136 118 18 372 333 39 Pennsylvania Regulated126 118 
Corporate and Other(a)Corporate and Other(a)(28)(28)— $(82)(95)13 Corporate and Other(a)(49)(39)(10)
Earnings from Ongoing OperationsEarnings from Ongoing Operations$450 $445 $$1,391 $1,375 $16 Earnings from Ongoing Operations$219 $206 $13 

(a)The amount for the period ended March 31, 2020 has been adjusted for certain costs that were previously included in the U.K. Regulated segment.

See "Reconciliation of Earnings from Ongoing Operations" below for a reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to Net Income.

U.K. Regulated Segment

The U.K. Regulated segment consists of PPL Global, which primarily includes WPD's regulated electricity distribution operations, the results of hedging the translation of WPD's earnings from GBP into U.S. dollars, and certain costs, such as U.S. income taxes, administrative costs and certain acquisition-related financing costs. The U.K. Regulated segment represents 49% of PPL's Net Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 40% of PPL's assets at September 30, 2020.

Net Income and Earnings from Ongoing Operations for the periods ended September 30 include the following results.
Three MonthsNine Months
20202019$ Change20202019$ Change
Operating revenues$485 $491 $(6)$1,575 $1,615 $(40)
Other operation and maintenance141 125 16 412 376 36 
Depreciation66 60 197 186 11 
Taxes, other than income32 32 — 95 96 (1)
Total operating expenses239 217 22 704 658 46 
Other Income (Expense) - net46 120 (74)241 289 (48)
Interest Expense97 110 (13)296 305 (9)
Income Taxes140 48 92 242 157 85 
Net Income55 236 (181)574 784 (210)
Less: Special Items(158)31 (189)(193)11 (204)
Earnings from Ongoing Operations$213 $205 $$767 $773 $(6)

The following after-tax gains (losses), which management considers special items, impacted the U.K. Regulated segment's results and are excluded from Earnings from Ongoing Operations during the periods ended September 30.
 Income Statement Line ItemThree MonthsNine Months
 2020201920202019
Foreign currency economic hedges, net of tax of $14, ($8), $20, ($4) (a)Other Income (Expense) - net$(53)$31 $(76)$15 
COVID-19 impact, net of tax of $1, $0, $4, $0 (b)Other operation and maintenance(3)— (15)— 
U.K. tax rate change (c)Income Taxes(102)— (102)— 
Other, net of tax of $0, $0, $0, $1 (d)Other operation and maintenance— — — (4)
Total Special Items $(158)$31 $(193)$11 

(a)Unrealized gains (losses) on contracts that economically hedge anticipated GBP-denominated earnings.
(b)Incremental costs for labor not chargeable to capital projects due to U.K. government lockdown restrictions, purchases of personal protective equipment and other safety related actions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
(c)The U.K. Finance Act 2020, formally enacted on July 22, 2020, canceled the reduction of the corporation tax rate from 19% to 17%. See Note 6 to the Financial Statements for additional information.
(d) Settlement of a contractual dispute.

The changes in the components of the U.K. Regulated segment's results between these periods are due to the factors set forth below, which reflect amounts classified as U.K. Adjusted Gross Margins, the items that management considers special and the
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effects of movements in foreign currency exchange, including the effects of foreign currency hedge contracts, on separate lines and not in their respective Statement of Income line items.
 Three MonthsNine Months
U.K. 
U.K. Adjusted Gross Margins$(27)$(44)
Other operation and maintenance— (16)
Depreciation(5)(12)
Other Income (Expense) - net(12)(35)
Interest expense15 
Income taxes(2)15 
U.S.
Income taxes(1)(3)
Other— (1)
Foreign currency exchange, after-tax40 81 
Earnings from Ongoing Operations(6)
Special items, after-tax(189)(204)
Net Income$(181)$(210)

U.K.

See "Adjusted Gross Margins - Changes in Adjusted Gross Margins" for an explanation of U.K. Adjusted Gross Margins.

Higher other operation and maintenance expense for the nine month period primarily due to increases in various costs that were not individually significant in comparison to the prior year.

Lower other income (expense) - net for the three and nine month periods primarily due to lower pension income.

Lower interest expense for the three month period primarily due to interest on the index-linked bonds.

Higher income taxes for the three month period primarily due to a $7 million impact from the tax rate change, partially offset by $6 million lower income taxes due to lower pre-tax income.

Kentucky Regulated Segment

The Kentucky Regulated segment consists primarily of LKE's regulated electricity generation, transmission and distribution operations conducted by LG&E and KU, as well as LG&E's regulated distribution and sale of natural gas. In addition, certain acquisition-related financing costs are allocated to the Kentucky Regulated segment. The Kentucky Regulated segment represents 28%72% of PPL's Net Income from Continuing Operations After Income Taxes for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and 33%54% of PPL's assets excluding "Current assets held for sale" at September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021.

Net Income and Earnings from Ongoing Operations for the periods ended September 30March 31 include the following results.




Three MonthsNine Months


Three Months
20202019$ Change20202019$ Change20212020$ Change
Operating revenuesOperating revenues$806 $844 $(38)$2,331 $2,421 $(90)Operating revenues$885 $825 $60 
Fuel Fuel 177 194 (17)478 556 (78)Fuel 177 163 14 
Energy purchasesEnergy purchases18 19 (1)97 125 (28)Energy purchases71 57 14 
Other operation and maintenanceOther operation and maintenance205 205 — 616 627 (11)Other operation and maintenance220 204 16 
DepreciationDepreciation152 144 452 402 50 Depreciation156 149 
Taxes, other than incomeTaxes, other than income21 19 57 55 Taxes, other than income21 18 
Total operating expensesTotal operating expenses573 581 (8)1,700 1,765 (65)Total operating expenses645 591 54 
Other Income (Expense) - netOther Income (Expense) - net(1)Other Income (Expense) - net— — — 
Interest ExpenseInterest Expense76 74 228 222 Interest Expense64 75 (11)
Income TaxesIncome Taxes29 41 (12)76 72 Income Taxes30 32 (2)
Net IncomeNet Income129 150 (21)330 364 (34)Net Income146 127 19 
Less: Special ItemsLess: Special Items— — — (4)— (4)Less: Special Items— 
Earnings from Ongoing OperationsEarnings from Ongoing Operations$129 $150 $(21)$334 $364 $(30)Earnings from Ongoing Operations$142 $127 $15 

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The following after-tax gains (losses), which management considers special items, impacted the Kentucky Regulated segment's results and are excluded from Earnings from Ongoing Operations during the periods ended September 30.March 31.
Income Statement Line ItemThree MonthsNine MonthsIncome Statement Line ItemThree Months
202020192020201920212020
COVID-19 impact, net of tax of $0, $0, $1, $0 (a)Other operation and maintenance$— $— $(4)$— 
Valuation allowance adjustment (a)Valuation allowance adjustment (a)Income Taxes$$— 
Total Special ItemsTotal Special Items$— $— $(4)$— Total Special Items$$— 
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(a)Incremental costs for outside services, customer payment processing, personal protective equipment and other safetyAdjustment of valuation allowances related actions associated withto certain tax credits recorded in 2017 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.TCJA.

The changes in the components of the Kentucky Regulated segment's results between these periods were due to the factors set forth below, which reflect amounts classified as Kentucky Adjusted Gross Margins and the items that management considers special on separate lines and not in their respective Statement of Income line items.
 Three MonthsNine Months
Kentucky Adjusted Gross Margins$(26)$(14)
Other operation and maintenance— 12 
Depreciation(2)(17)
Taxes, other than income(2)(1)
Other Income (Expense) - net(1)
Interest Expense(2)(6)
Income Taxes12 (5)
Earnings from Ongoing Operations(21)(30)
Special items, after-tax— (4)
Net Income$(21)$(34)
Three Months
Kentucky Adjusted Gross Margins$23 
Other operation and maintenance(12)
Depreciation(4)
Taxes, other than income(1)
Other Income (Expense) - net— 
Interest Expense11 
Income Taxes(2)
Earnings from Ongoing Operations15 
Special items, after-tax
Net Income$19 

See "Adjusted Gross Margins - Changes in Adjusted Gross Margins" for an explanation of Kentucky Adjusted Gross Margins.

Lower income taxes for the three month periodHigher other operation and maintenance expense primarily due to lower pre-tax income.a $7 million increase in plant operations and maintenance and a $4 million increase in distribution operations and maintenance.

Higher income taxes for the nine month periodLower interest expense primarily due to a deferred income tax benefit recordedinterest costs allocated to the Kentucky Regulated segment in 2019 related to a Kentucky recycling credit of $17 million, partially offset by lower income tax expense of $6 million due to lower pre-tax income.2020 that were not allocated in 2021.

Pennsylvania Regulated Segment

The Pennsylvania Regulated segment includes the regulated electricity transmission and distribution operations of PPL Electric. In addition, certain costs are allocated to the Pennsylvania Regulated segment. The Pennsylvania Regulated segment represents 31%56% of PPL's Net Income from Continuing Operations After Income Taxes for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and 26%43% of PPL's assets excluding "Current assets held for sale" at September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021.

Net Income and Earnings from Ongoing Operations for the periods ended September 30March 31 include the following results.
Three MonthsNine MonthsThree Months
20202019$ Change20202019$ Change
20212020$ Change
Operating revenuesOperating revenues$586 $590 $(4)$1,748 $1,756 $(8)Operating revenues$605 $608 $(3)
Energy purchasesEnergy purchases118 132 (14)373 413 (40)Energy purchases149 144 
Other operation and maintenanceOther operation and maintenance122 137 (15)388 417 (29)Other operation and maintenance128 137 (9)
DepreciationDepreciation102 99 301 290 11 Depreciation108 98 10 
Taxes, other than incomeTaxes, other than income30 29 78 84 (6)Taxes, other than income32 30 
Total operating expensesTotal operating expenses372 397 (25)1,140 1,204 (64)Total operating expenses417 409 
Other Income (Expense) - netOther Income (Expense) - net— 17 21 (4)Other Income (Expense) - net
Interest ExpenseInterest Expense44 43 130 126 Interest Expense43 44 (1)
Income TaxesIncome Taxes43 40 124 114 10 Income Taxes37 41 (4)
Net IncomeNet Income135 118 17 371 333 38 Net Income113 118 (5)
Less: Special ItemLess: Special Item(1)— (1)(1)— (1)Less: Special Item(13)— (13)
Earnings from Ongoing OperationsEarnings from Ongoing Operations$136 $118 $18 $372 $333 $39 Earnings from Ongoing Operations$126 $118 $


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The following after-tax gains (losses), which management considers special items, impacted the Pennsylvania Regulated segment's results and are excluded from Earnings from Ongoing Operations during the periods ended September 30.March 31.
Income Statement Line ItemThree MonthsNine MonthsIncome Statement Line ItemThree Months
202020192020201920212020
COVID-19 impact, net of tax of $0, $0, $0, $0 (a)Other operation and maintenance$(1)$— $(1)$— 
Challenge to transmission formula rate return on equity reserve, net of tax of $6 (a)Challenge to transmission formula rate return on equity reserve, net of tax of $6 (a)Operating revenues$(13)$— 
Total Special ItemsTotal Special Items$(1)$— $(1)$— Total Special Items$(13)$— 

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(a) Incremental costsRepresents the portion of the reserve recognized in the March 31, 2021 Statements of Income related to the period from May 21, 2020 through December 31, 2020. See Note 7 to the Financial Statements for outside services, personal protective equipment and other safety related actions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.additional information.

The changes in the components of the Pennsylvania Regulated segment's results between these periods are due to the factors set forth below, which reflect amounts classified as Pennsylvania Adjusted Gross Margins and the items that management considers special on a separate linelines and not in their respective Statement of Income line items.
Three MonthsNine Months
Pennsylvania Adjusted Gross Margins$17 $52 
Other operation and maintenance
Depreciation(4)(9)
Taxes, other than income— 
Other Income (Expense) - net— (4)
Interest Expense(1)(4)
Income Taxes(3)(10)
Earnings from Ongoing Operations18 39 
Special Item, after tax(1)(1)
Net Income$17 $38 
Three Months
Pennsylvania Adjusted Gross Margins$
Other operation and maintenance11 
Depreciation(5)
Taxes, other than income— 
Other Income (Expense) - net
Interest Expense
Income Taxes(2)
Earnings from Ongoing Operations
Special Item, after tax(13)
Net Income$(5)

See "Adjusted Gross Margins - Changes in Adjusted Gross Margins" for an explanation of Pennsylvania Adjusted Gross Margins.

Lower other operation and maintenance expense for the three month period primarily due to lower bad debt expense.canceled project write offs.

Reconciliation of Earnings from Ongoing Operations

The following tables contain after-tax gains (losses), in total, which management considers special items, that are excluded from Earnings from Ongoing Operations and a reconciliation to PPL's "Net Income" for the periods ended September 30.March 31.
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2020 Three Months
U.K.
Regulated
KY
Regulated
PA
Regulated
Corporate
and Other
Total
Net Income$55 $129 $135 $(38)$281 
Less: Special Item (expense) benefit:
Foreign currency economic hedges, net of tax of $14(53)— — — (53)
Talen litigation costs, net of tax of $1 (a)— — — (2)(2)
COVID-19 impact, net of tax of $1, $0, $0, $0(3)— (1)(1)(5)
U.K. tax rate change(102)— — — (102)
Strategic corporate initiatives, net of tax of $2 (b)— — — (7)(7)
Total Special Items(158)— (1)(10)(169)
Earnings from Ongoing Operations$213 $129 $136 $(28)$450 
2019 Three Months
U.K.
Regulated
KY
Regulated
PA
Regulated
Corporate
and Other
Total
Net Income$236 $150 $118 $(29)$475 
Less: Special Item (expense) benefit:
Foreign currency economic hedges, net of tax of ($8)31 — — — 31 
Talen litigation costs, net of tax of $0 (a)— — — (1)(1)
Total Special Items31 — — (1)30 
Earnings from Ongoing Operations$205 $150 $118 $(28)$445 
2020 Nine Months
U.K.
Regulated
KY
Regulated
PA
Regulated
Corporate
and Other
Total
Net Income$574 $330 $371 $(96)$1,179 
Less: Special Items (expense) benefit:
Foreign currency economic hedges, net of tax of $20(76)— — — (76)
Talen litigation costs, net of tax of $2 (a)— — — (6)(6)
COVID-19 impact, net of tax of $4, $1, $0, $0(15)(4)(1)(1)(21)
U.K. tax rate change(102)— — — (102)
Strategic corporate initiatives, net of tax of $2 (b)— — — (7)(7)
Total Special Items(193)(4)(1)(14)(212)
Earnings from Ongoing Operations$767 $334 $372 $(82)$1,391 
2019 Nine Months
U.K.
Regulated
KY
Regulated
PA
Regulated
Corporate
and Other
Total
Net Income$784 $364 $333 $(99)$1,382 
Less: Special Items (expense) benefit:
Foreign currency economic hedges, net of tax of ($4)15 — — — 15 
Talen litigation costs, net of tax of $1 (a)— — — (4)(4)
Other, net of tax of $1(4)— — — (4)
Total Special Items11 — — (4)
Earnings from Ongoing Operations$773 $364 $333 $(95)$1,375 
2021 Three Months
KY
Regulated
PA
Regulated
Corporate
and Other
Discontinued Operations (a)Total
Net Income$146 $113 $(56)$(2,043)$(1,840)
Less: Special Items (expense) benefit:
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (a)— — — (2,047)(2,047)
Talen litigation costs, net of tax of $1 (b)— — (3)— (3)
Valuation allowance adjustment (c)— (4)
Challenge to transmission formula rate return on equity reserve, net of tax of $6— (13)— — (13)
Total Special Items(13)(7)(2,043)(2,059)
Earnings from Ongoing Operations$142 $126 $(49)$— $219 
2020 Three Months
KY
Regulated
PA
Regulated
Corporate
and Other (d)
Discontinued Operations (a)Total
Net Income$127 $118 $(41)$350 $554 
Less: Special Items (expense) benefit:
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (a)— — — 350 350 
Talen litigation costs, net of tax of $1 (b)— — (2)— (2)
Total Special Items— — (2)350 348 
Earnings from Ongoing Operations$127 $118 $(39)$— $206 

(a)See Note 9 to the Financial Statements for additional information.
(b)PPL incurred legal expenses related to litigation with its former affiliate, Talen Montana. See Note 11 to the Financial Statements for additional information.
(b)(c)CostsAdjustment of valuation allowances related to the process to sell WPD, announced on August 10, 2020. Similar costs of $4 million, after-tax, were incurredcertain tax credits recorded in 2019, but not treated2017 as a special item. See Note 9 toresult of the Financial StatementsTCJA.
(d)The amount for additional information.the period ended March 31, 2020 has been adjusted for certain costs that were previously included in the U.K. Regulated segment.

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Adjusted Gross Margins

Management also utilizes the following non-GAAP financial measures as indicators of performance for its businesses:

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"U.K. Adjusted Gross Margins" is a single financial performance measure of the electricity distribution operations of the U.K. Regulated segment. In calculating this measure, direct costs such as connection charges from National Grid, which owns and manages the electricity transmission network in England and Wales, and Ofgem license fees (recorded in "Other operation and maintenance" on the Statements of Income) are deducted from operating revenues, as they are costs passed through to customers. As a result, this measure represents the net revenues from the delivery of electricity across WPD's distribution network in the U.K. and directly related activities.

"Kentucky Adjusted Gross Margins" is a single financial performance measure of the electricity generation, transmission and distribution operations of the Kentucky Regulated segment, as well as the Kentucky Regulated segment's distribution and sale of natural gas. In calculating this measure, fuel, energy purchases and certain variable costs of production (recorded in "Other operation and maintenance" on the Statements of Income) are deducted from operating revenues. In addition, certain other expenses, recorded in "Other operation and maintenance," "Depreciation" and "Taxes, other than income" on the Statements of Income, associated with approved cost recovery mechanisms are offset against the recovery of those expenses, which are included in revenues. These mechanisms allow for direct recovery of these expenses and, in some cases, returns on capital investments and performance incentives. As a result, this measure represents the net revenues from electricity and gas operations.

"Pennsylvania Adjusted Gross Margins" is a single financial performance measure of the electricity transmission and distribution operations of the Pennsylvania Regulated segment. In calculating this measure, utility revenues and expenses associated with approved recovery mechanisms, including energy provided as a PLR, are offset with minimal impact on earnings. Costs associated with these mechanisms are recorded in "Energy purchases," "Other operation and maintenance" (which are primarily Act 129, Storm Damage and Universal Service program costs), "Depreciation" (which is primarily related to the Act 129 Smart Meter program) and "Taxes, other than income" (which is primarily gross receipts tax) on the Statements of Income. This measure represents the net revenues from the Pennsylvania Regulated segment's electricity delivery operations.

These measures are not intended to replace "Operating Income," which is determined in accordance with GAAP, as an indicator of overall operating performance. Other companies may use different measures to analyze and report their results of operations. Management believes these measures provide additional useful criteria to make investment decisions. These performance measures are used, in conjunction with other information, by senior management and PPL's Board of Directors to manage operations and analyze actual results compared with budget.

Changes in Adjusted Gross Margins

The following table shows Adjusted Gross Margins by PPL's reportable segment and by component, as applicable for the periods ended September 30March 31 as well as the change between periods. The factors that gave rise to the changes are described following the table.
 Three MonthsNine Months
 20202019$ Change20202019$ Change
U.K. Regulated      
U.K. Adjusted Gross Margins$431 $446 $(15)$1,445 $1,492 $(47)
Impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates  12   (3)
U.K. Adjusted Gross Margins excluding impact of foreign currency exchange rates  $(27)  $(44)
Kentucky Regulated      
Kentucky Adjusted Gross Margins$546 $572 $(26)$1,572 $1,586 $(14)
Pennsylvania Regulated   
Pennsylvania Adjusted Gross Margins   
Distribution$225 $232 $(7)$685 $696 $(11)
Transmission179 155 24 503 440 63 
Total Pennsylvania Adjusted Gross Margins$404 $387 $17 $1,188 $1,136 $52 

U.K. Adjusted Gross Margins

U.K. Adjusted Gross Margins, excluding the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared with 2019, primarily due to $22 million of lower volumes, of which $30 million
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was due to the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions that were effective beginning the latter half of March 2020 and $4 million from the April 1, 2020 price decrease.

U.K. Adjusted Gross Margins, excluding the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with 2019, primarily due to $62 million of lower volumes, of which $70 million was due to the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions that were effective beginning the latter half of March 2020, partially offset by $19 million from the April 1, 2019 and 2020 price changes.
 Three Months
 20212020$ Change
Kentucky Regulated   
Kentucky Adjusted Gross Margins$570 $547 $23 
Pennsylvania Regulated
Pennsylvania Adjusted Gross Margins
Distribution$247 $242 $
Transmission156 159 (3)
Total Pennsylvania Adjusted Gross Margins$403 $401 $
    
Kentucky Adjusted Gross Margins

Kentucky Adjusted Gross Margins decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared with 2019,increased due to $18 million of decreasedincreased sales volumes primarily due to weather and $8 million of lower commercial and industrial demand revenue primarily due to impacts of COVID-19.

Kentucky Adjusted Gross Margins decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with 2019, due to $36 million of decreased sales volumes primarily due to weather, $32 million of lower commercial and industrial demand revenue primarily due to impacts of COVID-19 and a $17 million decrease due to the termination of eight supply contracts with Kentucky municipalities on April 30, 2019, partially offset by higher retail rates approved by the KPSC effective May 1, 2019 of $64 million, inclusive of the termination of the TCJA bill credit mechanism.weather.

Pennsylvania Adjusted Gross Margins

Distribution

Distribution Adjusted Gross Margins decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with 2019. No items were individually significant in comparisonincreased primarily due to the prior year.$13 million of higher sales volumes largely due to weather, partially offset by $8 million of lower returns on distribution system improvement capital investments.

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Transmission

Transmission Adjusted Gross Margins increaseddecreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, compared with 2019,2020, primarily due to a $17 million decrease as a result of a lower PPL zonal peak load billing factor and $8 million due to a reserve recorded as a result of a challenge to the transmission formula rate return on equity. Partially offsetting these unfavorable items was $19 million of returns on additional transmission capital investments focused on replacing aging infrastructure and improving reliability. See Note 7 to the Financial Statements for additional information on the transmission formula rate return on equity challenge.

Reconciliation of Adjusted Gross Margins

The following tables contain the components from the Statement of Income that are included in the non-GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation to PPL's "Operating Income" for the periods ended September 30.March 31.
 2020 Three Months
U.K.
Adjusted Gross
Margins
Kentucky
Adjusted Gross
Margins
Pennsylvania Adjusted Gross
Margins
Other (a)Operating
Income (b)
Operating Revenues$476 (c)$806 $586 $17 $1,885 
Operating Expenses   
Fuel—  177 — — 177 
Energy purchases—  18 118 — 136 
Energy purchases from affiliate—  — — — 
Other operation and maintenance45  25 23 390 483 
Depreciation—  39 13 271 323 
Taxes, other than income—  28 50 79 
Total Operating Expenses45  260 182 711 1,198 
Total   $431  $546 $404 $(694)$687 
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2019 Three Months2021 Three Months
U.K.
Adjusted Gross
Margins
Kentucky
Adjusted Gross
Margins
Pennsylvania Adjusted Gross
Margins
Other (a)Operating
Income (b)
Kentucky
 Adjusted Gross
Margins
Pennsylvania Adjusted Gross
Margins
Other (a)Operating
Income (b)
Operating RevenuesOperating Revenues$481 (c)$844 $590 $18 $1,933 Operating Revenues$885 $624 $(11)$1,498 
Operating ExpensesOperating Expenses    Operating Expenses
FuelFuel—  194 — — 194 Fuel177 — — 177 
Energy purchasesEnergy purchases—  19 132 (1)150 Energy purchases71 149 — 220 
Other operation and maintenanceOther operation and maintenance35  25 30 390 480 Other operation and maintenance25 25 317 367 
DepreciationDepreciation—  33 14 259 306 Depreciation40 17 210 267 
Taxes, other than incomeTaxes, other than income—  27 49 77 Taxes, other than income30 20 52 
Total Operating ExpensesTotal Operating Expenses35  272 203 697 1,207 Total Operating Expenses315 221 547 1,083 
Total Total $446  $572 $387 $(679)$726 Total $570 $403 $(558)$415 
2020 Nine Months 2020 Three Months
U.K.
Adjusted Gross
Margins
Kentucky
Adjusted Gross
Margins
Pennsylvania Adjusted Gross
Margins
Other (a)Operating
Income (b)
Kentucky
 Adjusted Gross
Margins
Pennsylvania Adjusted Gross
Margins
Other (a)Operating
Income (b)
Operating RevenuesOperating Revenues$1,547 (c)$2,331 $1,748 $52 $5,678 Operating Revenues$825 $608 $$1,440 
Operating ExpensesOperating ExpensesOperating Expenses
FuelFuel— 478 — — 478 Fuel163 — — 163 
Energy purchasesEnergy purchases— 97 373 — 470 Energy purchases57 144 — 201 
Energy purchases from affiliate— — — — — 
Other operation and maintenance102 66 69 1,209 1,446 
Depreciation— 114 38 807 959 
Taxes, other than income— 80 142 226 
Total Operating Expenses102 759 560 2,158 3,579 
Total $1,445 $1,572 $1,188 $(2,106)$2,099 
2019 Nine Months
U.K.
Adjusted Gross
Margins
Kentucky
Adjusted Gross
Margins
Pennsylvania Adjusted Gross
Margins
Other (a)Operating
Income (b)
Operating Revenues$1,586 (c)$2,421 $1,756 $52 $5,815 
Operating Expenses
Fuel— 556 — — 556 
Energy purchases— 125 413 — 538 
Other operation and maintenanceOther operation and maintenance94 70 92 1,196 1,452 Other operation and maintenance21 23 311 355 
DepreciationDepreciation— 81 36 773 890 Depreciation37 12 201 250 
Taxes, other than incomeTaxes, other than income— 79 150 232 Taxes, other than income— 28 19 47 
Total Operating ExpensesTotal Operating Expenses94 835 620 2,119 3,668 Total Operating Expenses278 207 531 1,016 
Total Total $1,492 $1,586 $1,136 $(2,067)$2,147 Total $547 $401 $(524)$424 

(a)Represents amounts excluded from Adjusted Gross Margins.
(b)As reported on the Statements of Income.
(c)Excludes ancillary revenues of $9 million and $28 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and $10 million and $29 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

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PPL Electric: Statement of Income Analysis

Statement of Income Analysis

Net income for the periods ended September 30March 31 includes the following results.
Three MonthsNine Months Three Months
20202019$ Change20202019$ Change 20212020$ Change
Operating RevenuesOperating Revenues$586 $590 $(4)$1,748 $1,756 $(8)Operating Revenues$605 $608 $(3)
Operating ExpensesOperating ExpensesOperating Expenses
OperationOperationOperation
Energy purchasesEnergy purchases118 132 (14)373 413 (40)Energy purchases149 144 
Other operation and maintenanceOther operation and maintenance122 137 (15)388 417 (29)Other operation and maintenance128 137 (9)
DepreciationDepreciation102 99 301 290 11 Depreciation108 98 10 
Taxes, other than incomeTaxes, other than income30 29 78 84 (6)Taxes, other than income32 30 
Total Operating ExpensesTotal Operating Expenses372 397 (25)1,140 1,204 (64)Total Operating Expenses417 409 
Other Income (Expense) - netOther Income (Expense) - net— 15 18 (3)Other Income (Expense) - net
Interest Income from AffiliateInterest Income from Affiliate— (1)Interest Income from Affiliate— (1)
Interest ExpenseInterest Expense44 43 130 126 Interest Expense43 44 (1)
Income TaxesIncome Taxes44 40 125 114 11 Income Taxes37 41 (4)
Net IncomeNet Income$134 $118 $16 $370 $333 $37 Net Income$113 $118 $(5)

Operating Revenues

The increase (decrease) in operating revenues was due to:
Three MonthsNine Months
Distribution price (a)$(16)$(16)
Distribution volumes (b)(11)
PLR (c)(13)(38)
Transmission Formula Rate (d)24 63 
Other(5)(6)
Total$(4)$(8)
Three Months
Distribution price$(2)
Distribution volume (a)17 
PLR (b)
Transmission Formula Rate (c)(22)
Other(2)
Total$(3)

(a)The distribution price variances areincrease was primarily due to reconcilable cost recovery mechanisms approved by the PUC.favorable weather.
(b)The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2020increase was primarily due to warmer weather in the first quarterfavorable volumes of 2020,$32 million, partially offset by warmer weather in the third quarterlower prices of 2020.$20 million and higher customer shopping of $6 million.
(c)The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to a $27 million reserve recorded due to a challenge to the transmission formula rate return on equity and a $17 million decrease as a result of a lower energy prices,PPL zonal peak load billing factor, partially offset by higher volumes of non-shopping customers and favorable weather. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily the result of lower energy prices and unfavorable weather, partially offset by higher volumes of non-shopping customers in 2020.
(d)The increases were primarily due to$19 million from returns on additional transmission capital investments. See Note 7 to the Financial Statements for additional information on the transmission formula rate return on equity challenge.

Energy Purchases

Energy purchases decreased $14 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared with 2019, primarily due to lower PLR prices of $21 million, partially offset by higher PLR volumes of $7 million.

Energy purchases decreased $40 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with 2019, primarily due to lower PLR prices of $54 million, partially offset by higher transmission enhancement expenses of $12 million.

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Other Operation and Maintenance

The increase (decrease) in other operation and maintenance was due to:
Three MonthsNine Months
Act 129$(5)$(12)
Storm costs(9)
Universal service rider(4)(8)
Bad debts(7)(3)
Canceled projects— 
Other(7)(6)
Total$(15)$(29)
Three Months
Canceled projects$(11)
Bad debts(3)
Act 129(1)
Storm costs
Total$(9)


Income TaxesDepreciation

The increase (decrease)Deprecation increased $10 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared with 2020, primarily due to additional assets placed in income taxes was due to:
Three MonthsNine Months
Change in pre-tax income at current period tax rates$$13 
Federal and state tax return adjustments(4)(5)
Other
Total$$11 
service, net of retirements.

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LKE: Statement of Income Analysis
 
Statement of Income Analysis
Net income for the periods ended September 30March 31 includes the following results.
Three MonthsNine Months Three Months
20202019$ Change20202019$ Change 20212020$ Change
Operating RevenuesOperating Revenues$806 $844 $(38)$2,331 $2,421 $(90)Operating Revenues$885 $825 $60 
Operating ExpensesOperating ExpensesOperating Expenses
OperationOperationOperation
FuelFuel177 194 (17)478 556 (78)Fuel177 163 14 
Energy purchasesEnergy purchases18 19 (1)97 125 (28)Energy purchases71 57 14 
Other operation and maintenanceOther operation and maintenance205 205 — 616 627 (11)Other operation and maintenance220 204 16 
DepreciationDepreciation152 144 452 402 50 Depreciation156 149 
Taxes, other than incomeTaxes, other than income21 19 57 55 Taxes, other than income21 18 
Total Operating ExpensesTotal Operating Expenses573 581 (8)1,700 1,765 (65)Total Operating Expenses645 591 54 
Other Income (Expense) - netOther Income (Expense) - net(1)Other Income (Expense) - net— — — 
Interest ExpenseInterest Expense56 57 (1)172 169 Interest Expense51 58 (7)
Interest Expense with AffiliateInterest Expense with Affiliate10 25 23 Interest Expense with Affiliate13 
Income TaxesIncome Taxes31 43 (12)82 78 Income Taxes30 34 (4)
Net IncomeNet Income$137 $158 $(21)$355 $388 $(33)Net Income$146 $135 $11 

Operating Revenues

The increase (decrease) in operating revenues was due to:
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Three MonthsNine Months
Volumes (a)$(33)$(84)
Fuel and other energy prices (b)(3)(42)
Demand (c)(8)(32)
Municipal supply (d)— (28)
Retail rates (e)— 64 
ECR (f)— 28 
Other
Total$(38)$(90)
Three Months
Volumes (a)$42 
Fuel and other energy prices (b)14 
Other
Total$60 

(a)The decreases wereincrease was primarily due to favorable weather.
(b)The decreases wereincrease was primarily due to lowerhigher recoveries of fuel and energy purchases due to lowerhigher commodity costs.
(c)The decreases were primarily due to COVID-19.
(d)The decrease was primarily due to the termination of eight supply contracts with Kentucky municipalities on April 30, 2019.
(e)The increase was primarily due tocosts and higher base rates, inclusive of the termination of the TCJA bill credit mechanism, effective May 1, 2019.
(f)The increase was primarily due to higher recoverable depreciation expense as a result of higher depreciation rates effective May 1, 2019.off-system sales prices.

Fuel

Fuel decreased $17increased $14 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared with 2019,2020, primarily due to a $13 million decreasean increase in volumes driven by weather and a $2 million decrease in commodity costs.

Fuel decreased $78 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with 2019, primarily due to a $43 million decrease in volumes driven by weather, a $27 million decrease in commodity costs and a $9 million decrease in volumes driven by the termination of eight supply contracts with Kentucky municipalities on April 30, 2019.weather.

Energy Purchases

Energy purchases decreased $28increased $14 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared with 2019, primarily2020, due to an $11 million increase in gas volumes driven by weather and a decrease$3 million increase in commodity costs.

Other Operation and Maintenance

The increase in other operation and maintenance was due to:
Three Months
Plant operations and maintenance$
Transmission operations and maintenance
Distribution operations and maintenance
Other
Total$16 
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Depreciation

Depreciation increased $8$7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared with 2019,2020, primarily due to additional assets placed into service, net of retirements.

Depreciation increased $50 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with 2019, primarily due to a $26 million increase related to higher depreciation rates effective May 1, 2019 and a $21 million increase related to additional assets placed into service, net of retirements.

Income taxes

Income taxes decreased $12 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared with 2019, primarily due to lower pre-tax income.

Income taxes increased $4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with 2019, primarily due to a deferred income tax benefit recorded in 2019 related to a Kentucky recycling credit of $17 million, partially offset by lower income tax expense of $7 million due to lower pre-tax income.


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LG&E: Statement of Income Analysis

Statement of Income Analysis

Net income for the periods ended September 30March 31 includes the following results.
Three MonthsNine Months Three Months
20202019$ Change20202019$ Change 20212020$ Change
Operating RevenuesOperating RevenuesOperating Revenues
Retail and wholesaleRetail and wholesale$362 $380 $(18)$1,075 $1,105 $(30)Retail and wholesale$421 $393 $28 
Electric revenue from affiliateElectric revenue from affiliate(1)17 21 (4)Electric revenue from affiliate14 (7)
Total Operating RevenuesTotal Operating Revenues363 382 (19)1,092 1,126 (34)Total Operating Revenues428 407 21 
Operating ExpensesOperating ExpensesOperating Expenses
OperationOperationOperation
FuelFuel64 79 (15)188 226 (38)Fuel67 74 (7)
Energy purchasesEnergy purchases13 14 (1)83 110 (27)Energy purchases66 52 14 
Energy purchases from affiliateEnergy purchases from affiliate16 10 Energy purchases from affiliate— 
Other operation and maintenanceOther operation and maintenance93 92 277 282 (5)Other operation and maintenance96 92 
DepreciationDepreciation64 61 193 168 25 Depreciation66 64 
Taxes, other than incomeTaxes, other than income11 10 30 29 Taxes, other than income11 10 
Total Operating ExpensesTotal Operating Expenses253 258 (5)787 821 (34)Total Operating Expenses311 292 19 
Other Income (Expense) - netOther Income (Expense) - net(1)— (1)(1)(1)— Other Income (Expense) - net(2)(1)(1)
Interest ExpenseInterest Expense22 22 — 66 65 Interest Expense21 22 (1)
Income TaxesIncome Taxes16 22 (6)47 51 (4)Income Taxes19 19 — 
Net IncomeNet Income$71 $80 $(9)$191 $188 $Net Income$75 $73 $
 
Operating Revenues

The increase (decrease) in operating revenues was due to:
Three MonthsNine Months
Volumes (a)$(20)$(44)
Fuel and other energy prices (b)(1)(22)
Demand (c)(4)(13)
Retail rates (d)— 27 
ECR (e)13 
Other
Total$(19)$(34)
Three Months
Volumes (a)$13 
Fuel and other energy prices (b)10 
Other(2)
Total$21 

(a)The decreases wereincrease was primarily due to weather.
(b)The decreases wereincrease was primarily due to lowerhigher recoveries of fuel and energy purchases due to lowerhigher commodity costs.
(c)The decreases were primarily due to COVID-19.
(d)The increase was primarily due tocosts and higher base rates, inclusive of the termination of the TCJA bill credit mechanism, effective May 1, 2019.
(e)The increase for the nine month period was primarily due to higher recoverable depreciation expense as a result of higher depreciation rates effective May 1, 2019.off-system sales prices.

Fuel

Fuel decreased $15$7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared with 2019,2020, primarily due a decrease in volumes driven by weather.

Fuel decreased $38 million forto the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with 2019, due to a $32 million decrease in volumes driven by weather and a $6 million decrease in commodity costs.timing of generation maintenance outages.

Energy Purchases

Energy purchases decreased $27increased $14 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared with 2019, primarily2020, due to an $11 million increase in gas volumes driven by weather and a decrease$3 million increase in commodity costs.

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Energy Purchases from affiliate

Energy purchases from affiliate increased $6 million and $10$5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared with 2019,2020, primarily due to the timing of generation maintenance outages.

DepreciationOther Operation and Maintenance

Depreciation increased $25 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with 2019, primarilyThe increase in other operation and maintenance was due to a $13 million increase related to higher depreciation rates effective May 1, 2019 and an $11 million increase related to additional assets placed into service, net of retirements.to:
Three Months
Plant operations and maintenance$
Other
Total$

Income taxes

Income taxes decreased $6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared with 2019, primarily due to lower pre-tax income.

KU: Statement of Income Analysis

Statement of Income Analysis
Net income for the periods ended September 30March 31 includes the following results.
Three MonthsNine Months Three Months
20202019$ Change20202019$ Change 20212020$ Change
Operating RevenuesOperating RevenuesOperating Revenues
Retail and wholesaleRetail and wholesale$444 $464 $(20)$1,256 $1,316 $(60)Retail and wholesale$464 $432 $32 
Electric revenue from affiliateElectric revenue from affiliate16 10 Electric revenue from affiliate— 
Total Operating RevenuesTotal Operating Revenues452 466 (14)1,272 1,322 (50)Total Operating Revenues469 432 37 
Operating ExpensesOperating ExpensesOperating Expenses
OperationOperationOperation
FuelFuel113 115 (2)290 330 (40)Fuel110 89 21 
Energy purchasesEnergy purchases— 14 15 (1)Energy purchases— 
Energy purchases from affiliateEnergy purchases from affiliate(1)17 21 (4)Energy purchases from affiliate14 (7)
Other operation and maintenanceOther operation and maintenance105 107 (2)316 320 (4)Other operation and maintenance115 104 11 
DepreciationDepreciation88 83 258 233 25 Depreciation89 84 
Taxes, other than incomeTaxes, other than income10 27 26 Taxes, other than income10 
Total Operating ExpensesTotal Operating Expenses322 321 922 945 (23)Total Operating Expenses336 305 31 
Other Income (Expense) - netOther Income (Expense) - net(3)(2)Other Income (Expense) - net— 
Interest ExpenseInterest Expense28 28 — 85 82 Interest Expense27 28 (1)
Income TaxesIncome Taxes19 26 (7)50 62 (12)Income Taxes21 20 
Net IncomeNet Income$84 $95 $(11)$217 $237 $(20)Net Income$86 $80 $

Operating Revenues
 
The increase (decrease) in operating revenues was due to:
Three MonthsNine Months
Volumes (a)$(9)$(33)
Municipal supply (b)— (28)
Fuel and other energy prices (c)(2)(20)
Demand (d)(4)(19)
Retail rates (e)— 37 
ECR (f)(1)15 
Other(2)
Total$(14)$(50)
Three Months
Volumes (a)$26 
Fuel and other energy prices (b)
Other
Total$37 

(a)The decreases wereincrease was primarily due to weather.
(b)The decreaseincrease was primarily due to the termination of eight supply contracts with Kentucky municipalities on April 30, 2019.
(c)The decreases were primarily due to lowerhigher recoveries of fuel and energy purchases due to lowerhigher commodity costs.
(d)The decreases were primarily due to COVID-19.
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(e)The increase was primarily due tocosts and higher base rates, inclusive of the termination of the TCJA bill credit mechanism, effective May 1, 2019.
(f)The increase for the nine month period was primarily due to higher recoverable depreciation expense as a result of higher depreciation rates effective May 1, 2019.off-system sales prices.

Fuel

Fuel decreased $40increased $21 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared with 2019,2020, primarily due to a $21 million decrease in commodity costs, an $11 million decreaseincrease in volumes driven by weatherweather.

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Energy Purchases from affiliate

Energy purchases from affiliate decreased $7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared with 2020, primarily due to the timing of generation maintenance outages.

Other Operation and a $9 million decreaseMaintenance

The increase in volumes driven by the termination of eight supply contracts with Kentucky municipalities on April 30, 2019.other operation and maintenance was due to:
Three Months
Plant operations and maintenance$
Transmission operations and maintenance
Distribution operations and maintenance
Total$11 

Depreciation

Depreciation increased $5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared with 2019,2020, primarily due to additional assets placed into service, net of retirements.

Depreciation increased $25 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with 2019, primarily due to a $13 million increase related to higher depreciation rates effective May 1, 2019 and a $10 million increase related to additional assets placed into service, net of retirements.

Income taxes

Income taxes decreased $7 million and $12 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with 2019, primarily due to lower pre-tax income.

Financial Condition

The remainder of this Item 2 in this Form 10-Q is presented on a combined basis, providing information, as applicable, for all Registrants.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

(All Registrants)

The Registrants had the following at:
PPL (a)PPL ElectricLKELG&EKU PPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKU
September 30, 2020     
March 31, 2021March 31, 2021     
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$746 $26 $25 $10 $15 Cash and cash equivalents$421 $29 $16 $$
Short-term debtShort-term debt1,368 280 345 206 139 Short-term debt1,547 205 400 252 148 
Long-term debt due within one yearLong-term debt due within one year1,525 400 424 292 132 Long-term debt due within one year976 400 476 94 132 
Notes payable with affiliatesNotes payable with affiliates— 153 — — Notes payable with affiliates— 227 — — 
December 31, 2019     
December 31, 2020December 31, 2020     
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$815 $262 $27 $15 $12 Cash and cash equivalents$442 $40 $29 $$22 
Short-term debtShort-term debt1,151 — 388 238 150 Short-term debt1,168 — 465 262 203 
Long-term debt due within one yearLong-term debt due within one year1,172 — 975 — 500 Long-term debt due within one year1,074 400 674 292 132 
Notes payable with affiliatesNotes payable with affiliates— 150 — — Notes payable with affiliates— 251 — — 
 
(PPL)
(a)
At September 30, 2020, $237 million
The Statements of Cash Flows separately report the cash flows of discontinued operations. The "Operating Activities",
"Investing Activities" and "Financing Activities" sections below include only the cash equivalents were denominated in GBP. If these amounts would be remitted as dividends, PPL would not anticipate an incremental U.S. tax cost. See Note 6 to the Financial Statements in PPL's 2019 Form 10-K for additional information on undistributed earningsflows of WPD.    continuing operations.

(All Registrants)

Net cash provided by (used in) operating, investing and financing activities for the ninethree month periods ended September 30,March 31, and the changes between periods, were as follows.
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PPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKU PPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKU
2020     
20212021     
Operating activitiesOperating activities$2,247 $656 $872 $419 $446 Operating activities$396 $121 $376 $181 $224 
Investing activitiesInvesting activities(2,358)(844)(707)(329)(378)Investing activities(472)(222)(238)(111)(127)
Financing activitiesFinancing activities33 (48)(167)(95)(65)Financing activities55 90 (151)(70)(111)
2019     
20202020     
Operating activitiesOperating activities$1,888 $609 $813 $417 $471 Operating activities$413 $132 $320 $171 $193 
Investing activitiesInvesting activities(2,194)(1,361)(761)(323)(436)Investing activities(619)(281)(255)(117)(159)
Financing activitiesFinancing activities363 512 (46)(92)(31)Financing activities283 (80)(45)(62)(6)
Change - Cash Provided (Used)Change - Cash Provided (Used)     Change - Cash Provided (Used)     
Operating activitiesOperating activities$359 $47 $59 $$(25)Operating activities$(17)$(11)$56 $10 $31 
Investing activitiesInvesting activities(164)517 54 (6)58 Investing activities147 59 17 32 
Financing activitiesFinancing activities(330)(560)(121)(3)(34)Financing activities(228)170 (106)(8)(105)
 
Operating Activities
 
The components of the change in cash provided by (used in) operating activities for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared with 20192020 were as follows.
PPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKUPPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKU
Change - Cash Provided (Used)Change - Cash Provided (Used)     Change - Cash Provided (Used)     
Net incomeNet income$(203)$37 $(33)$$(20)Net income$(1)$(5)$11 $$
Non-cash componentsNon-cash components315 25 27 (26)Non-cash components(13)(23)(4)— (2)
Working capitalWorking capital156 15 26 (10)Working capital48 58 28 25 
Defined benefit plan fundingDefined benefit plan funding17 — — Defined benefit plan funding21 — 21 
Other operating activitiesOther operating activities74 (30)33 23 Other operating activities(72)(41)— 
TotalTotal$359 $47 $59 $$(25)Total$(17)$(11)$56 $10 $31 
 
(PPL)

PPL's cash provided by operating activities in 2020 increased $3592021 decreased $17 million compared with 2019.2020.
Net income decreased $203$1 million between the periods and included an increasea decrease in non-cash charges of $315$13 million. The increasedecrease in non-cash charges was primarily due a decrease in deferred income taxes (due to book versus tax plant timing differences and Federal net operating losses) and a decrease in defined benefit plan expense partially offset by an increase in depreciation expense (primarily due to higher depreciation rates and additional assets placed into service, net of retirements).

The $48 million increase in cash from changes in working capital was primarily due to a decrease in fuel inventory (primarily due to higher generation and natural gas consumption due to weather), a decrease in unbilled revenue (primarily due to weather), partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable (primarily due to weather, the impact of COVID-19 and timing of receipts) and an increase in regulatory assets and liabilities, net.

The $72 million decrease in cash provided by other operating activities was driven primarily by a decrease in other assets (primarily related to pension plan assets).

(PPL Electric)
PPL Electric's cash provided by operating activities in 2021 decreased $11 million compared with 2020.
Net income decreased $5 million between the periods and included a decrease in non-cash components of $23 million. The decrease in non-cash components was primarily due to a decrease in deferred income taxes (dueand investment tax credits (primarily due to book versus tax plant timing differences) and a decrease in other expenses (primarily due to a decrease in canceled projects), partially offset by an increase in depreciation expense (primarily due to additional assets placed into service, net of retirements).

The $58 million increase in cash from changes in working capital was primarily due to an increase in regulatory liabilities (primarily due to the cancellationchallenge to transmission formula rate return on equity reserve and the timing of rate recovery mechanisms).
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The $41 million decrease in cash provided by other operating activities was driven primarily by an increase in non-current assets (primarily related to noncurrent receivables and prepayments).

(LKE)
LKE's cash provided by operating activities in 2021 increased $56 million compared with 2020.
Net income increased $11 million between the U.K. corporationperiods and included a decrease in non-cash components of $4 million. The decrease in non-cash components was primarily driven by a decrease in deferred income tax rate reduction,expense (primarily due to book versus tax plant timing differences and Federal net operating losses) andthe adjustment of valuation allowances related to certain tax credits), partially offset by an increase in unrealized gains on derivatives, and other hedging activities, partially offset by a decrease in amortization expense.depreciation expense (primarily due to additional assets placed into service, net of retirements).

The $156increase in cash from changes in working capital was primarily driven by a decrease in fuel inventory (primarily due to higher generation and natural gas consumption due to weather), an increase in accounts payable (primarily due to timing of payments), a decrease in unbilled revenue (primarily due to weather), and an increase in taxes payable (primarily due to the utilization of a tax credit in the prior year), partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable (primarily due to weather and the impact of COVID-19) and a decrease in other current liabilities (primarily due to timing of payments).

Defined benefit plan funding was $21 million lower in 2021.

(LG&E)
LG&E's cash provided by operating activities in 2021 increased $10 million compared with 2020.
Net income increased $2 million between the periods. Non-cash components were consistent between periods.

The increase in cash from changes in working capital was primarily due to an increase in accounts payable (primarily due to timing of disbursement of payments), and a decrease in unbilled revenues (primarily due to weather), and an increase in other current liabilities, partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable (primarily due to timing of receipts) and an increase in materials and supplies (primarily due to a contract termination and subsequent guaranteed purchase of inventory from a third-party logistics firm).

The $74 million increase in cash provided by other operating activities was driven primarily by an increase in other liabilities (primarily related to regulatory liabilities and deferral of payroll taxes).

(PPL Electric)
PPL Electric's cash provided by operating activities in 2020 increased $47 million compared with 2019.
Net income increased $37 million between the periods and included an increase in non-cash components of $25 million. The increase in non-cash components was primarily due to an increase in depreciation expense and an increase in other expenses (primarily due to an increase in canceled projects).

The $15 million increase in cash from changes in working capital was primarily due to a decrease in unbilled revenues (primarily due to weather), an increase in accounts payable (primarily due to timing of payments), and a decrease in
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other net current assets and current liabilities, partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable (primarily due to the timing of receipts).

The $30 million decrease in cash provided by other operating activities was driven primarily by an increase in non-current assets (primarily related to prepayments).

(LKE)
LKE's cash provided by operating activities in 2020 increased $59 million compared with 2019.
Net income decreased $33 million between the periods and included an increase in non-cash components of $27 million. The increase in non-cash components was primarily driven by an increase in depreciation expense (primarily due to higher depreciation rates and additional assets placed into service, net of retirements), partially offset by a decrease in deferred income tax expense (primarily due to book versus tax plant timing differences).

The increase in cash from changes in working capital was primarily driven by a decrease in unbilled revenue (primarily due to weather) and an increase in accounts payable (primarily due to timing of payments), partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable (primarily due to weather and the impact of COVID-19), an increase in aged receivablesnet regulatory assets (primarily due to COVID-19 related disconnection moratoriums)the timing of rate recovery mechanisms) and a decrease in interest payableother current liabilities (primarily due to timing of payments).

The increase in cash provided by other operating activities was driven primarily by an increase in other liabilities (primarily related to regulatory liabilities and deferral of payroll taxes).

(LG&E)(KU)
 
LG&E'sKU's cash provided by operating activities in 20202021 increased $2$31 million compared with 2019.2020.
Net income increased $3$6 million between the periods and included a decrease in non-cash components of $26$2 million. The decrease in non-cash components was primarily driven by a decrease in deferred income tax expense (primarily due to book versus tax plant timing differences), partially offset by an increase in depreciation expense (primarily due to higher depreciation rates and additional assets placed into service, net of retirements).

The increase in cash from changes in working capital was primarily driven bydue to a decrease in unbilled revenuesfuel inventory (primarily due to higher generation due to weather) and, a decrease in net regulatory assets (primarily due to the timing of rate recovery mechanisms), partially offset by a decreasean increase in accountstaxes payable (primarily due to timing of payments) and an increase in accounts receivablestaxable income), a decrease in unbilled revenue (primarily due to increase in aged receivables due to COVID-19 related disconnection moratoriums).

The increase in cash provided by other operating activities was driven primarily by an increase in other liabilities (primarily related to regulatory liabilities) and a decrease in ARO expenditures.

(KU)
KU's cash provided by operating activities in 2020 decreased $25 million compared with 2019.
Net income decreased $20 million between the periods and included an increase in non-cash charges of $2 million. The increase in non-cash components was driven by an increase in depreciation expense (primarily due to higher depreciation rates and additional assets placed into service, net of retirements)weather), partially offset by a decrease in deferred income tax expense (primarily due to book versus tax plant timing differences).

The decrease in cash from changes in working capital was primarily driven by an increase in accounts receivable (primarily due to increase in aged receivables due to COVID-19 related disconnection moratoriums)weather and the impact of COVID-19) and a decrease in other current liabilities (primarily due to timing of payments), partially offset by an increase in accounts payable (primarily due to timing of payments) and a decrease in unbilled revenues (primarily due to weather).

Investing Activities

(All Registrants)
 
The components of the change in cash provided by (used in) investing activities for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared with 20192020 were as follows.
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PPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKU PPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKU
Change - Cash Provided (Used)Change - Cash Provided (Used)Change - Cash Provided (Used)
Expenditures for PP&EExpenditures for PP&E$(151)$(25)$51 $(6)$55 Expenditures for PP&E$145 $57 $17 $$11 
Purchase of investments55 — — — — 
Proceeds from the sale of investments(61)— — — — 
Notes receivable from affiliateNotes receivable from affiliate— 546 — — — Notes receivable from affiliate— — — — 21 
Other investing activitiesOther investing activities(7)(4)— Other investing activities— — — 
TotalTotal$(164)$517 $54 $(6)$58 Total$147 $59 $17 $$32 

For PPL, the increasedecrease in expenditures for PP&E was due to higherlower project expenditures at WPD andSafari Energy, PPL Electric, partially offset by a decrease in project expenditures at LKE, LG&E and KU. The increasedecrease in expenditures at WPDSafari Energy was primarily due to an increase in expenditures to enhance system reliability.timing differences on capital spending projects. The increasedecrease in expenditures at PPL Electric was primarily due to timing differences on capital spending projects related to the ongoing efforts to improve reliability and replace aging infrastructure. The decrease in expenditures at LKE was primarily due to decreased spending for environmental water projects at LG&E and KU's Trimble County plant, LG&E's Mill Creek plant and KU's Ghent plant, partially offset by spending on gas transmission projects at LG&E and decreased spending on various other projects at LG&E and KU that are not individually significant.

(PPL Electric)

For PPL Electric, the change in "Notes receivable from affiliate" resulted from funding in 2019 of $546 million to an affiliate for general corporate purposes.significant, partially offset by spending on ELG projects at LG&E and KU.

Financing Activities
 
(All Registrants)
 
The components of the change in cash provided by (used in) financing activities for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared with 20192020 were as follows.
PPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKU PPLPPL ElectricLKELG&EKU
Change - Cash Provided (Used)Change - Cash Provided (Used)     Change - Cash Provided (Used)     
Debt issuance/retirement, net$(642)$(393)$(982)$(199)$(308)
Debt issuance/retirement with affiliate, net— 550 — — 
Proceeds from project financingProceeds from project financing152 — — — — Proceeds from project financing$$— $— $— $— 
Stock issuances/redemptions, netStock issuances/redemptions, net(17)— — — — Stock issuances/redemptions, net(19)— — — — 
DividendsDividends(63)(47)— 15 22 Dividends(3)50 — (31)(19)
Capital contributions/distributions, netCapital contributions/distributions, net— (405)(51)28 30 Capital contributions/distributions, net— — (10)(25)(37)
Issuance of term loanIssuance of term loan300 — — — — Issuance of term loan(200)— — — — 
Retirement of term loanRetirement of term loan(300)— — — — 
Change in short-term debt, netChange in short-term debt, net(60)280 370 148 222 Change in short-term debt, net364 120 93 110 (17)
Retirement of commercial paperRetirement of commercial paper(73)— (73)(41)(32)
Notes payable with affiliateNotes payable with affiliate— (13)— — Notes payable with affiliate— — (116)(21)— 
Other financing activitiesOther financing activities— — Other financing activities(2)— — — — 
TotalTotal$(330)$(560)$(121)$(3)$(34)Total$(228)$170 $(106)$(8)$(105)
 
See Note 8 to the Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for information on 20202021 short-term and long-term debt activity, equity transactions and PPL dividends. See Note 8 to the Financial Statements in the Registrants' 20192020 Form 10-K for information on 20192020 activity.
 
Credit Facilities
 
The Registrants maintain credit facilities to enhance liquidity, provide credit support and provide a backstop to commercial paper programs. Amounts borrowed under these credit facilities are reflected in "Short-term debt" on the Balance Sheets except for borrowings of $100 million under PPL Capital Funding's term loan agreement due in March 2022, which are reflected in "Long-term Debt" on the Balance Sheets. At September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, the total committed borrowing capacity under credit facilities and the borrowings under these facilities were:
 
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External 
Committed
Capacity
BorrowedLetters of
Credit
and
Commercial
Paper Issued
Unused
Capacity
Committed
Capacity
BorrowedLetters of
Credit
and
Commercial
Paper Issued
Unused
Capacity
PPL Capital Funding Credit FacilitiesPPL Capital Funding Credit Facilities$1,900 $400 $— $1,500 PPL Capital Funding Credit Facilities$1,600 $100 $942 $558 
PPL Electric Credit FacilityPPL Electric Credit Facility650 — 281 369 PPL Electric Credit Facility650 — 206 444 
LG&E Credit FacilitiesLG&E Credit Facilities500 — 206 294 LG&E Credit Facilities500 — 252 248 
KU Credit FacilitiesKU Credit Facilities400 — 139 261 KU Credit Facilities400 — 148 252 
Total LKETotal LKE900 — 345 555 Total LKE900 — 400 500 
Total U.S. Credit Facilities (a)Total U.S. Credit Facilities (a)$3,450 $400 $626 $2,424 Total U.S. Credit Facilities (a)$3,150 $100 $1,548 $1,502 
Total U.K. Credit Facilities (b)£1,055 £332 £— £721 
 
(a)The commitments under the U.S. credit facilities are provided by a diverse bank group, with no one bank and its affiliates providing an aggregate commitment of more than the following percentages of the total committed capacity: PPL - 12%6%, PPL Electric - 6%, LKE - 7%, LG&E - 7% and KU - 7%.
(b)The amounts borrowed at September 30, 2020 were a USD-denominated borrowing of $200 million and GBP-denominated borrowings of £182 million which equated to $243 million. The unused capacity reflects the amounts borrowed in GBP of £152 million as of the date borrowed. At September 30, 2020, the USD equivalent of unused capacity under the U.K. committed credit facilities was $1 billion.

The commitments under the U.K. credit facilities are provided by a diverse bank group, with no one bank providing more than 14% of the total committed capacity.
 
See Note 8 to the Financial Statements for further discussion of the Registrants' credit facilities.

Intercompany (LKE, LG&E and KU)




Committed
Capacity
BorrowedNon-affiliate Used
Capacity
Unused
Capacity


Committed
Capacity
BorrowedCommercial Paper Program
Capacity
Unused
Capacity
LKE Credit FacilityLKE Credit Facility$375 $153 $— $222 LKE Credit Facility$375 $227 $— $148 
LG&E Money Pool (a)LG&E Money Pool (a)750 — 206 544 LG&E Money Pool (a)750 — 425 325 
KU Money Pool (a)KU Money Pool (a)650 — 139 511 KU Money Pool (a)650 — 350 300 

(a)LG&E and KU participate in an intercompany money pool agreement whereby LKE and/or KU make available to LG&E, funds up to $750 million and LKE and/or LG&E make available to KU funds up to $650 million,the difference between LG&E's and KU's FERC borrowing limit and LG&E's and KU's commercial paper capacity limit, at an interest rate based on the lower of a market index of commercial paper issues. However, the FERC has issued a maximum aggregate short-term debt limit at $750 million for LG&Eissues and $650 million for KU from all covered sources.two additional rate options based on LIBOR.

See Note 12 to the Financial Statements for further discussion of intercompany credit facilities.
 
Commercial Paper (All Registrants)
 
PPL, PPL Electric, LG&E and KU maintain commercial paper programs to provide an additional financing source to fund short-term liquidity needs, as necessary. Commercial paper issuances, included in "Short-term debt" on the Balance Sheets, are supported by the respective Registrant's credit facility. The following commercial paper programs were in place at September 30, 2020:March 31, 2021:
CapacityCommercial
Paper
Issuances
Unused
Capacity
CapacityCommercial
Paper
Issuances
Unused
Capacity
PPL Capital FundingPPL Capital Funding$1,500 $— $1,500 PPL Capital Funding$1,500 $942 $558 
PPL ElectricPPL Electric650 280 370 PPL Electric650 205 445 
LG&E(a)LG&E(a)350 206 144 LG&E(a)425 252 173 
KUKU350 139 211 KU350 148 202 
Total LKETotal LKE700 345 355 Total LKE775 400 375 
Total PPLTotal PPL$2,850 $625 $2,225 Total PPL$2,925 $1,547 $1,378 

(a)In March 2021, the capacity for the LG&E commercial paper program was increased from $350 million to $425 million.

Long-term Debt (All Registrants)

See Note 8 to the Financial Statements for information regarding the Registrants’ long-term debt activities.

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(PPL)

Equity Securities Activities

ATM

In February 2018, PPL entered into an equity distribution agreement, pursuant to which PPL may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate of $1.0 billion of its common stock through an at-the-market offering program;program, including a forward sales component. The compensation paid to the selling agents by PPL may be up to 2% of the gross offering proceeds of the shares. There were no issuances under the ATM program for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021. The ATM program expired in February 2021.

Common Stock Dividends
 
In August 2020,February 2021, PPL declared a quarterly common stock dividend, payable OctoberApril 1, 2020,2021, of 41.5 cents per share (equivalent to $1.66 per annum). Future dividends, declared at the discretion of the Board of Directors, will depend upon future earnings, cash flows, financial and legal requirements and other factors.

Rating Agency Actions
 
(All Registrants)
 
Moody's and S&P periodically review the credit ratings of the debt of the Registrants and their subsidiaries. Based on their respective independent reviews, the rating agencies may make certain ratings revisions or ratings affirmations.
 
A credit rating reflects an assessment by the rating agency of the creditworthiness associated with an issuer and particular securities that it issues. The credit ratings of the Registrants and their subsidiaries are based on information provided by the Registrants and other sources. The ratings of Moody's and S&P are not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any securities of the Registrants or their subsidiaries. Such ratings may be subject to revisions or withdrawal by the agencies at any time and should be evaluated independently of each other and any other rating that may be assigned to the securities.

The credit ratings of the Registrants and their subsidiaries affect their liquidity, access to capital markets and cost of borrowing under their credit facilities. A downgrade in the Registrants' or their subsidiaries' credit ratings could result in higher borrowing costs and reduced access to capital markets. The Registrants and their subsidiaries have no credit rating triggers that would result in the reduction of access to capital markets or the acceleration of maturity dates of outstanding debt.
 
The rating agencies have taken the following actions related to the Registrants and their subsidiaries during 2020:2021:

(PPL)

In April 2020, Moody’sMarch 2021, Moody's revised its outlook to positive for PPL and S&P assigned ratings of Baa2 and BBB+ to PPL Capital Funding’s $1 billion 4.125% Senior Notes due 2030. The notes were issued April 1, 2020.Funding.

(PPL and PPL Electric)

In March 2021, S&P revised its outlook to positive for PPL Electric.

(PPL, LKE and LG&E)

In August 2020, Moody'sMarch 2021, Moody’s and S&P assigned ratings of A1 and A to the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government, Kentucky's $23Kentucky’s $128 million 0.90%2.00% Pollution Control Revenue Bonds, 20012003 Series A, due 2026,2033, previously issued on behalf of LG&E. The bonds were remarketed September 3, 2020.April 1, 2021.

In August 2020, Moody'sMarch 2021, Moody’s assigned a rating of A1 and in April 2021, S&P assigned ratingsa rating of A1 and A/A-2A to the Louisville/Jefferson County of Trimble, Kentucky's $125Metro Government, Kentucky’s $35 million 1.30%1.35% Pollution Control Revenue Refunding Bonds, 20162001 Series A,B, due 2044,2027, previously issued on behalf of LG&E. The bonds were remarketed SeptemberMay 3, 2020.

(PPL, LKE and KU)

In May 2020, Moody's and S&P assigned ratings of A1 and A to KU's $500 million 3.30% First Mortgage Bonds due 2050. The bonds were issued June 3, 2020.2021.

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(PPLIn March 2021, Moody’s assigned a rating of A1 and PPL Electric)

In September 2020, Moody's andin April 2021, S&P assigned ratingsa rating of A1 and A to PPL Electric's $250the County of Trimble, Kentucky’s $35 million First Mortgage Bonds, Floating Rate Series, due 2023. The bonds were issued October 1, 2020.

In September 2020, Moody's and S&P assigned ratings of A1 and A to PEDFA's $90 million1.35% Pollution Control Revenue Refunding Bonds, 2001 Series 2008,B, due 2023,2027, previously issued on behalf of PPL Electric.LG&E. The bonds were remarketed October 1, 2020.May 3, 2021.

Ratings Triggers
 
(PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)
 
Various derivative and non-derivative contracts, including contracts for the sale and purchase of electricity and fuel, commodity transportation and storage, interest rate and foreign currency instruments (for PPL), contain provisions that require the posting of additional collateral or permit the counterparty to terminate the contract, if PPL's, LKE's, LG&E's or KU's or their subsidiaries' credit rating, as applicable, were to fall below investment grade. See Note 15 to the Financial Statements for a discussion of "Credit Risk-Related Contingent Features," including a discussion of the potential additional collateral requirements for PPL, LKE and LG&E for derivative contracts in a net liability position at September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021.
 
(All Registrants)
 
For additional information on the Registrants' liquidity and capital resources, see "Item 7. Combined Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," in the Registrants' 20192020 Form 10-K.

Risk Management
 
Market Risk
 
(All Registrants)
 
See Notes 14 and 15 to the Financial Statements for information about the Registrants' risk management objectives, valuation techniques and accounting designations.
 
The forward-looking information presented below provides estimates of what may occur in the future, assuming certain adverse market conditions and model assumptions. Actual future results may differ materially from those presented. These are not precise indicators of expected future losses, but are rather only indicators of possible losses under normal market conditions at a given confidence level.
 
Interest Rate Risk
 
The Registrants and their subsidiaries issue debt to finance their operations, which exposes them to interest rate risk. The Registrants and their subsidiaries utilize various financial derivative instruments to adjust the mix of fixed and floating interest rates in their debt portfolios, adjust the duration of their debt portfolios and lock in benchmark interest rates in anticipation of future financing, when appropriate. Risk limits under the risk management program are designed to balance risk exposure to volatility in interest expense and changes in the fair value of the debt portfolios due to changes in the absolute level of interest rates. In addition, the interest rate risk of certain subsidiaries is potentially mitigated as a result of the existing regulatory framework or the timing of rate cases.

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The following interest rate hedges were outstanding at September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021.
Exposure
Hedged
Fair Value,
Net - Asset
(Liability) (a)
Effect of a
10% Adverse
Movement
in Rates (b)
Maturities
Ranging
Through
Exposure
Hedged
Fair Value,
Net - Asset
(Liability) (a)
Effect of a
10% Adverse
Movement
in Rates (b)
Maturities
Ranging
Through
PPLPPL    PPL    
Cash flow hedgesCash flow hedges    Cash flow hedges    
Interest rate swaps (c)$168 $(7)$(1)2035
Cross-currency swaps (c)Cross-currency swaps (c)702 149 (70)2028Cross-currency swaps (c)$202 $39 $(27)2028
Economic hedgesEconomic hedges    Economic hedges    
Interest rate swaps (d)Interest rate swaps (d)147 (26)— 2033Interest rate swaps (d)64 (18)(1)2033
LKELKE    LKE    
Economic hedgesEconomic hedges    Economic hedges    
Interest rate swaps (d)Interest rate swaps (d)147 (26)— 2033Interest rate swaps (d)64 (18)(1)2033
LG&ELG&E    LG&E    
Economic hedgesEconomic hedges    Economic hedges    
Interest rate swaps (d)Interest rate swaps (d)147 (26)— 2033Interest rate swaps (d)64 (18)(1)2033
 
(a)Includes accrued interest, if applicable.
(b)Effects of adverse movements decrease assets or increase liabilities, as applicable, which could result in an asset becoming a liability. Sensitivities represent a 10% adverse movement in interest rates, except for cross-currency swaps which also includes a 10% adverse movement in foreign currency exchange rates.
(c)All cross-currency swaps are related to the U.K. utility business. Changes in the fair value of these instruments are recorded in equity and reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the item being hedged affects earnings.
(d)Realized changes in the fair value of such economic hedges are recoverable through regulated rates and any subsequent changes in the fair value of these derivatives are included in regulatory assets or regulatory liabilities.

The Registrants are exposed to a potential increase in interest expense and to changes in the fair value of their debt portfolios. The estimated impact of a 10% adverse movement in interest rates on interest expense at September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 was insignificant for PPL, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU. The estimated impact of a 10% adverse movement in interest rates on the fair value of debt at September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 is shown below.
 10% Adverse
Movement
in Rates
PPL$611546 
PPL Electric180188 
LKE205221 
LG&E7780 
KU122127 
 
Foreign Currency Risk (PPL)
 
PPL is exposed to foreign currency risk, primarily through investments in and earnings of U.K. affiliates. Under itsPPL has adopted a foreign currency risk management program PPL is permitted to enter into financial instrumentsdesigned to hedge certain foreign currency exposures, including translation risk of expected earnings, firm commitments, recognized assets or liabilities, anticipated transactions, including the previously announced potentialanticipated sale of its U.K. utility business and net investments. In addition, PPL enters into financial instruments to protect against foreign currency translation risk of expected GBP earnings.
 
The following foreign currency hedges were outstanding at September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021.
Exposure
Hedged
Fair Value,
Net - Asset
(Liability)
Effect of a
10%
Adverse
Movement
in Foreign
Currency
Exchange
Rates (a)
Maturities
Ranging
Through
Economic hedges (b)£340 $41 $(30)2021
Exposure
Hedged
Fair Value,
Net - Asset
(Liability)
Effect of a
10%
Adverse
Movement
in Foreign
Currency
Exchange
Rates (a)
Maturities
Ranging
Through
Economic hedges (b)£7,493 $(157)$(903)2021
 
(a)Effects of adverse movements decrease assets or increase liabilities, as applicable, which could result in an asset becoming a liability.
(b)To economically hedge the translation risk of expected earningssales proceeds denominated in GBP.GBP from the anticipated sale of the U.K. utility business.

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(All Registrants)
 
Commodity Price Risk
 
PPL is exposed to commodity price risk through its domestic subsidiaries as described below.

PPL Electric is required to purchase electricity to fulfill its obligation as a PLR. Potential commodity price risk is insignificant and mitigated through its PUC-approved cost recovery mechanism and full-requirement supply agreements to serve its PLR customers which transfer the risk to energy suppliers.
LG&E's and KU's rates include certain mechanisms for fuel, fuel-related expenses and energy purchases. In addition, LG&E's rates include a mechanism for natural gas supply expenses. These mechanisms generally provide for timely recovery of market price fluctuations associated with these expenses.

Volumetric Risk
 
Volumetric risk is the risk related to the changes in volume of retail sales due to weather, economic conditions or other factors. PPL is exposed to volumetric risk through its subsidiaries as described below.

WPD is exposed to volumetric risk which is significantly mitigated as a result of the method of regulation in the U.K. Under the RIIO-ED1 price control regulations, recovery of such exposure occurs on a two year lag. See Note 1 in PPL's 20192020 Form 10-K for additional information on revenue recognition under RIIO-ED1.
PPL Electric, LG&E and KU are exposed to volumetric risk on retail sales, mainly due to weather and other economic conditions for which there is limited mitigation between rate cases.

Credit Risk (All Registrants)
 
See Notes 14 and 15 to the Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q and "Item 7. Combined Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Financial Condition - Risk Management - Credit Risk" in the Registrants' 20192020 Form 10-K for additional information.
 
Foreign Currency Translation (PPL)
 
The value of the British pound sterling fluctuates in relation to the U.S. dollar. Changes in this exchange rate resulted in a pre-tax foreign currency translation gain of $292$383 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, which primarily reflected a $477$662 million increase to PP&E, an $85a $118 million increase to goodwill and a $46$40 million increase to other net assets, partially offset by a $229$363 million increase to long-term debt, a $48$49 million increase to deferred income taxes and a $25 million increase to long term debt due within one year, and a $39 million increase to deferred income taxes.year. Changes in this exchange rate resulted in a pre-tax foreign currency translation loss of $369$63 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, which primarily reflected a $599$108 million decrease to PP&E and a $114$20 million decrease to goodwill, partially offset by a $63 million decrease to long-term debt and a $16$2 million decrease to other net assets, partially offset by a $360 million decrease to long-term debt. liabilities.

The impact of foreign currency translation is recorded in AOCI. The assets and liabilities of the U.K. utility business have been classified as held for sale. See Note 9 to the Financial Statements for additional information.
 
Related Party Transactions (All Registrants)
 
The Registrants are not aware of any material ownership interests or operating responsibility by senior management in outside partnerships, including leasing transactions with variable interest entities, or other entities doing business with the Registrants. See Note 12 to the Financial Statements for additional information on related party transactions for PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU.
 
Acquisitions, Development and Divestitures (All Registrants)
 
The Registrants from time to time evaluate opportunities for potential acquisitions, divestitures and development projects. Development projects are reexamined based on market conditions and other factors to determine whether to proceed with, modify or terminate the projects. Any resulting transactions may impact future financial results. See Note 9 to the Financial Statements for information on significant activities.

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Environmental Matters (All Registrants)
 
Extensive federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations are applicable to PPL's, PPL Electric's, LKE's, LG&E's and KU's air emissions, water discharges and the management of hazardous and solid waste, as well as other aspects of the Registrants' businesses. The costs of compliance or alleged non-compliance cannot be predicted with certainty but could be significant. In addition, costs may increase significantly if the requirements or scope of environmental laws or regulations, or similar rules, are expanded or changed. Costs may take the form of increased capital expenditures or operating and maintenance expenses, monetary fines, penalties or other restrictions. Many of these environmental law considerations are also applicable to the operations of key suppliers, or customers, such as coal producers and industrial power users, and may impact the costs for their products or their demand for the Registrants' services. Increased capital and operating costs are subject to rate recovery. PPL, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU can provide no assurances as to the ultimate outcome of future environmental or rate proceedings before regulatory authorities.
 
See "Environmental Matters" in Item 1. "Business" in the Registrants' 20192020 Form 10-K for information about environmental laws and regulations affecting the Registrants' business. See "Legal Matters" in Note 11 to the Financial Statements for a discussion of the more significant environmental claims. See "Financial Condition - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Forecasted Uses of Cash - Capital Expenditures" in "Item 7. Combined Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Registrants' 20192020 Form 10-K for information on projected environmental capital expenditures for 20202021 through 2024.2025. See Note 16 to the Financial Statements for information related to the impacts of CCRs on AROs.

(PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)

The information below represents an update to “Item 1. Business – Environmental Matters – Air – NAAQS” and "Item 1. Business - Environmental Matters - Water/Waste - Clean Water Act Jurisdiction"– Air – Climate Change" in the Registrants' 20192020 Form 10-K.

NAAQS(PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)

In October 2020,March 2021, the EPA released proposedfinal revisions to the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) providing for reductions in ozone season nitrogen oxide emissions for 2021 and subsequent years from sources in 12 states, including Kentucky. Additionally, the EPA reversed its previous approval of the Kentucky State Implementation Plan with respect to these requirements. The CSAPR revisions are aimed at ensuring compliance with the 2008 ozone NAAQS, so additional nitrogen oxide emission reductions could potentially be required for compliance with the revised 2015 ozone NAAQS. PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU are currently assessing the potential impact of the CSAPR revisions on operations, but such impact is not expected to be material. Pursuant to the President’s executive order, the EPA is currently reviewing its previous determinations made in December 2020 to retain the existing NAAQS for ozone and particulate matter without change.

PPL, LKE, LG&E, and KU are unable to determine the impact of the rule on operations until the rule is finalized, and certainpredict future emission reductions that may be required by future federal rules or state implementation determinations are made by the EPA and Kentucky.actions. Compliance with the NAAQS, CSAPR and related requirements may require installation of additional pollution controls or other compliance actions, the costs of which PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU believe would be subject to rate recovery.

Climate Change (All Registrants)

Clean Water Act Jurisdiction

Environmental groupsThe new U.S. presidential administration is undertaking wide-ranging efforts to address climate change. Recent government actions and others have claimed that discharges to groundwater from leaking CCR impoundments at power plants are subject to Clean Water Act permitting. A citizen suit raising such claims has been filed against KU with respect topolicy developments, including the E.W. Brown plant, as discussed under “Legal Matters” - “E.W. Brown Environmental Claims” in Note 10 to the Financial Statements. On April 12, 2019, the EPA released regulatory clarification finding that Clean Water Act jurisdiction does not cover such discharges to groundwater. On January 23, 2020, the EPAPresident’s announced a final rule modifying the jurisdictional scope of the Clean Water Act. The announced rule revises the definition of the "Waters of the United States," including a revision to exclude groundwater from the definition. In April 2020, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling that Clean Water Act jurisdiction may apply to certain discharges to groundwater that result in the functional equivalentgoal of a direct discharge to navigable waters. PPL, LKE, LG&E,carbon free electricity sector by 2035, could have far-reaching impacts on PPL’s business operations, products, and KUservices. All of these developments are unaware of any unpermitted releases frompreliminary or ongoing in nature and the Registrants cannot predict their facilities that are subject to Clean Water Act jurisdiction, but future guidance from the EPA and judicial rulings could potentially subject certain releases from CCR impoundments and landfills to additional permitting and remediation requirements, which could impose substantial costs. If any, associated costs are expected to be subject to rate recovery. PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU are unable to predict thefinal outcome or financialultimate impact of future regulatory proceedings and litigation.on operations.

New Accounting Guidance (All Registrants)
 
See Note 2 to the Financial Statements for a discussion ofThere has been no new accounting guidance adopted.adopted in 2021 and there is no new significant accounting guidance pending adoption as of March 31, 2021.
 
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Application of Critical Accounting Policies (All Registrants)

Financial condition and results of operations are impacted by the methods, assumptions and estimates used in the application of critical accounting policies. The following table summarizes the accounting policies by Registrant that are particularly important to an understanding of the reported financial condition or results of operations and require management to make estimates or other judgments of matters that are inherently uncertain. See "Item 7. Combined Management's Discussion and
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Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Registrants' 20192020 Form 10-K for a discussion of each critical accounting policy.
    PPL         
 PPL Electric LKE LG&E KU
               
Defined BenefitsX X X X X
Income TaxesX X X X X
Regulatory Assets and LiabilitiesX X X X X
Price Risk ManagementX        
Goodwill ImpairmentX   X X X
AROsX   X X X
Revenue Recognition - Unbilled Revenue    X X X

Following is an update to the critical accounting policies disclosed in PPL's 2020 Form 10-K.

Income Taxes (PPL)

Significant management judgment is required in developing the Registrants' provision for income taxes, primarily due to the uncertainty related to tax positions taken or expected to be taken on tax returns, valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, as well as whether the undistributed earnings of WPD are considered indefinitely reinvested.

Additionally, significant management judgment is required to determine the amount of benefit recognized related to an uncertain tax position. On a quarterly basis, uncertain tax positions are reassessed by considering information known as of the reporting date. Based on management's assessment of new information, a tax benefit may subsequently be recognized for a previously unrecognized tax position, a previously recognized tax position may be derecognized, or the benefit of a previously recognized tax position may be remeasured. The amounts ultimately paid upon resolution of issues raised by taxing authorities may differ materially from the amounts accrued and may materially impact the financial statements in the future.

The need for valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets also requires significant management judgment. Valuation allowances are initially recorded and reevaluated each reporting period by assessing the likelihood of the ultimate realization of a deferred tax asset. Management considers several factors in assessing the expected realization of a deferred tax asset, including the reversal of temporary differences, future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. Any tax planning strategy utilized in this assessment must meet the recognition and measurement criteria utilized to account for an uncertain tax position. When evaluating the need for valuation allowances, the uncertainty posed by political risk on such factors is also considered by management. The amount of deferred tax assets ultimately realized may differ materially from the estimates utilized in the computation of valuation allowances and may materially impact the financial statements in the future.

The TCJA included new provisions requiring that certain income, referred to as global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI), earned by certain foreign subsidiaries be included in the gross income of their U.S. shareholder. Accounting guidance allows a policy election regarding the timing of inclusion of GILTI in an entity’s financial statements. The election may be either to record deferred taxes for expected GILTI in future periods or record such taxes as a current-period expense when incurred. PPL has elected to record the tax effect of expected GILTI inclusions and thus, records deferred taxes relating to such inclusions.

In light of the anticipated sale of PPL's U.K. utility business and the associated classification of that business as assets held for sale, indefinite reinvestment is no longer relevant. As such, PPL expects to realize the outside book-tax basis difference in those assets in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, a deferred tax liability has been recorded reflecting the expected tax cost associated with the realization of that basis difference.

See Note 6 to the Financial Statements for income tax disclosures, including the impact of the TCJA.

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PPL Corporation
PPL Electric Utilities Corporation
LG&E and KU Energy LLC
Louisville Gas and Electric Company
Kentucky Utilities Company

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
Reference is made to "Risk Management" in "Item 2. Combined Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
 
Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Although the COVID-19 pandemic prompted the Registrants to make certain procedural adjustments to accommodate an increased remote workforce, PPL’s accounting and reporting systems and functions were well prepared to perform necessary accounting and reporting activities as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and to maintain the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting.

(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.
 
The Registrants' principal executive officers and principal financial officers, based on their evaluation of the Registrants' disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) have concluded that, as of September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, the Registrants' disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that material information relating to the Registrants and their consolidated subsidiaries is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC's rules and forms, particularly during the period for which this quarterly report has been prepared. The principal officers have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are also effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the principal executive and principal financial officers, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
(b) Change in internal controls over financial reporting.
 
The Registrants' principal executive officers and principal financial officers have concluded that there were no changes in the Registrants' internal controls over financial reporting during the Registrants' thirdfirst fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrants' internal control over financial reporting.
  
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings
 
For information regarding legal, tax, regulatory, environmental or other administrative proceedings that became reportable events or were pending in the thirdfirst quarter of 20202021 see:
 
"Item 3. Legal Proceedings" in each Registrant's 20192020 Form 10-K; and
Notes 6, 7 and 11 to the Financial Statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors
 
There have been no material changes in the Registrants' risk factors from those disclosed in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" of the Registrants' 20192020 Form 10-K, except for the following:

The COVID-19 pandemic and resultant impact on business and economic conditions could negatively affect our business.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the U.S. and global economies and continues to present extraordinary challenges to businesses, communities, workforces and markets. In the U.S. and throughout the world, governmental authorities have taken urgent and extensive actions to contain the spread of the virus and mitigate known or foreseeable impacts. In the Registrants’ service territories, mitigation measures have included quarantines, stay-at-home orders, travel restrictions, reduced operations or
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closures of businesses, schools and governmental agencies, and executive, legislative or regulatory actions to address health or other pandemic-related concerns.

Until COVID-19 is contained or an effective vaccine is identified and widely-available, the COVID-19 virus poses significant risks to the health and welfare of the Registrants’ customers, employees, contractors and suppliers, and to the conduct of their business. Mandates to stay at home, shelter in place, or quarantine and resulting lock-down or closures of non-essential businesses could reduce demand for electricity and gas, or cause shifts in demand between residential, commercial and industrial customers that could negatively impact the Registrants’ financial condition. Customers experiencing financial strain from unemployment, furloughs, or reduced work hours may not be able to pay their bills on a timely basis, which could negatively impact our liquidity. Continued economic disruption may further depress the GBP to U.S. dollar exchange rate and increase PPL's foreign exchange exposure. New or changing legislation or regulatory orders may unfavorably impact the Registrants or the utility industry generally.

All of these factors have the potential to materially and adversely affect the Registrants’ business and operations, especially if they remain in effect for a prolonged period of time. At this time, the Registrants’ cannot predict the extent to which these or other pandemic-related factors may affect their business, earnings or other financial results, as it depends on the duration and scope of the outbreak, the measures undertaken in response and other future developments, all of which are highly uncertain. In addition to the factors discussed above, investors should be aware that other COVID-19-related risks may emerge in the future and may prove to be significant. Investors should carefully consider the discussion of COVID-19 related items presented in this Quarterly Report and the risks presented in the Registrants’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2019, especially to the extent that the COVID-19 pandemic may exacerbate or increase those risks.10-K.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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Item 6. Exhibits

The following Exhibits indicated by an asterisk preceding the Exhibit number are filed herewith. The balance of the Exhibits has heretofore been filed with the Commission and pursuant to Rule 12(b)-23 are incorporated herein by reference. Exhibits indicated by a [_] are filed or listed pursuant to Item 601(b)(10)(iii) of Regulation S-K.
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-Final Terms,Share Purchase Agreement, dated October 5, 2020,as of Western Power Distribution (South Wales)March 17, 2021, by and among PPL WPD Limited, National Grid Holdings One plc £250,000,000 1.625 per cent Fixed Rate Notes due 2035 under the £4,000,000,000 Euro Medium Term Note Programmeand National Grid plc. (Exhibit 1.1.2.1 to PPL Corporation Form 8-K Report (File No. 1-11459) dated October 8, 2020)March 18, 2021)
-Supplemental Indenture No. 22,Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 15, 2020, to Indenture, dated as of August 1, 2000,March 17, 2021, by and among PPL Electric UtilitiesEnergy Holdings, LLC, PPL Corporation (solely as guarantor), and the Bank of New York Mellon, as TrusteeNational Grid USA (Exhibit 4(a)2.2 to PPL Corporation Form 8-K Report (File No. 1-11459) dated October 1, 2020)March 18, 2021)
-SubscriptionAssignment and Assumption Agreement, dated October 5, 2020,as of May 3, 2021, by and among PPL Energy Holdings, LLC, PPL Corporation, National Grid USA and PPL Rhode Island Holdings, LLC
-£350,000,000 Facility Agreement, dated February 26, 2021, among Western Power Distribution (South Wales) plc, J.P. Morgan AG as Issuer, Barclays Bank plc, Lloyds Bank Corporate Markets plc, MUFG Securities EMEA plc, Natwest Markets plcAgent and the financial institutions party thereto as Joint Lead ManagersOriginal Lenders (Exhibit 4.110.1 to PPL Corporation Form 8-K Report (File No. 1-11459) dated October 8, 2020)March 4, 2021)
-AmendedAmendment Letter, dated as of March 18, 2021, to the £210 million Multicurrency Revolving Credit Facility Agreement, dated January 13, 2016, among Western Power Distribution plc as the Borrower, the Co-ordinators, the Arrangers, the Original Lenders and Restated Trust Deed,Mizuho Bank, Ltd. as Facility Agent
-Amendment Letter, dated August 21,as of April 7, 2021, to the £210 million Multicurrency Revolving Credit Facility Agreement, dated January 13, 2016, among Western Power Distribution plc as the Borrower, the Co-ordinators, the Arrangers, the Original Lenders and Mizuho Bank, Ltd. as Facility Agent
-Amendment Letter, dated as of April 7, 2021, to the £50 million Facility Agreement, dated June 7, 2019, among Western Power Distribution plc as the Borrower and National Westminster Bank plc as the Original Lender and Agent
-Amendment Letter, dated as of April 7, 2021, to the £845 million Multicurrency Revolving Facility Agreement, dated May 13, 2020, by and among Western Power Distribution (East Midlands) plc, Western Power Distribution (South Wales)(West Midlands) plc, Western Power Distribution (South West) plc, and Western Power Distribution (West Midlands) plc as Issuers, and HSBC Corporate Trustee Company (UK) Limited as Note Trustee (Exhibit 4.2 to PPL Corporation Form 8-K Report (File No. 1-11459) dated October 8, 2020)
-£4,000,000,000 Euro Medium Term Note Programme entered into by Western Power Distribution (East Midlands) plc, Western Power Distribution (South Wales) plc Western Power Distribution (South West)as the Borrowers, the Joint Co-ordinators, the Bookrunners, the Arrangers, the Original Lenders and Lloyds Bank plc and Western Power Distribution (West Midlands) plc dated as of August 21, 2020 (Exhibit 4.3 to PPL Corporation Form 8-K Report (File No. 1-11459) dated October 8, 2020Facility Agent
Certifications pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, filed by the following officers for the following companies:
   
-PPL Corporation's principal executive officer
-PPL Corporation's principal financial officer
-PPL Electric Utilities Corporation's principal executive officer
-PPL Electric Utilities Corporation's principal financial officer
-LG&E and KU Energy LLC's principal executive officer
-LG&E and KU Energy LLC's principal financial officer
-Louisville Gas and Electric Company's principal executive officer
-Louisville Gas and Electric Company's principal financial officer
-Kentucky Utilities Company's principal executive officer
-Kentucky Utilities Company's principal financial officer
 
Certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, furnished by the following officers for the following companies:
   
-PPL Corporation's principal executive officer and principal financial officer
-PPL Electric Utilities Corporation's principal executive officer and principal financial officer
-LG&E and KU Energy LLC's principal executive officer and principal financial officer
-Louisville Gas and Electric Company's principal executive officer and principal financial officer
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-Kentucky Utilities Company's principal executive officer and principal financial officer
   
101.INS-XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH-XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL-XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF-XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB-XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE-XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104-The Cover Page Interactive Data File is formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibits 101.
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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrants have duly caused this report to be signed on their behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. The signature for each undersigned company shall be deemed to relate only to matters having reference to such company or its subsidiaries.
 
 PPL Corporation
 (Registrant) 
   
   
   
Date:November 5, 2020May 6, 2021/s/  Marlene C. Beers 
 Marlene C. Beers
Vice President and Controller
 
 (Principal Accounting Officer) 
   
   
   
 PPL Electric Utilities Corporation
 (Registrant) 
   
   
   
Date:November 5, 2020May 6, 2021/s/  Stephen K. Breininger 
 Stephen K. Breininger
Vice President-Finance and Regulatory Affairs and Controller
 
 (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) 
LG&E and KU Energy LLC
(Registrant) 
Louisville Gas and Electric Company
(Registrant) 
Kentucky Utilities Company
(Registrant) 
Date:November 5, 2020May 6, 2021/s/  Kent W. Blake
Kent W. Blake
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)






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