☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated ~~filer”~~filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 1, ~~2022,~~2023, there were ~~29,438,052~~29,633,057 outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock.


	September 30,			December 31,			September 30,			December 31,
	2022			2021			2023			2022
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	168,770		$	164,894		$	84,076		$	79,506
Marketable securities		402,290			285,605			383,726			446,729
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $35,410 and $11,217		104,159			138,912
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $29,091 and $41,205								49,277			52,749
Other current assets		21,395			22,549			32,776			48,889
Total current assets		696,614			611,960			549,855			627,873
Marketable securities, long-term		346,946			485,047			383,659			326,648
Redeemable preferred stock investment		11,233			21,965			15,158			12,385
Fixed assets, net		81,807			62,287			85,265			81,353
Intangible assets, net		87,853			35,914			144,489			150,643
Goodwill		120,313			50,897			141,844			143,027
Other long-term assets		61,016			10,650			38,128			44,124
Total assets	$	1,405,782		$	1,278,720		$	1,358,398		$	1,386,053
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	14,481		$	20,494		$	15,772		$	23,093
Accrued liabilities		25,101			17,689			21,031			24,981
Income tax payable		426			787
Contract liabilities		2,603			14,570			2,586			3,199
Customer deposit		25,810			19,806			18,861			10,895
Investment margin loan		14,999			15,137			—			14,999
Contingent consideration		—			10,000
Notes payable, current portion		5,481			6,147			2,890			5,639
Other current liabilities		13,621			680			281			5,301
Total current liabilities		102,522			105,310			61,421			88,107
Unrecognized tax benefits		1,826			725			9,555			9,836
Deferred tax liability								9,833			—
Other long-term liabilities		20,037			6,805			15,755			18,235
Total liabilities		124,385			112,840			96,564			116,178
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, 50,000 shares authorized, 30,677 shares issued and 29,681 shares outstanding and 30,160 shares issued and outstanding		3			3
Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, 50,000 shares authorized, 31,925 and 31,248 shares issued, respectively, and 30,035 and 29,438 shares outstanding, respectively								3			3
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share, 1,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding		—			—						—
Additional paid-in capital		477,814			501,908			514,262			486,585
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(25,602	)		(759	)		(16,891	)		(20,903	)
Retained earnings		824,832			657,597			761,324			801,000
Total Fulgent stockholders' equity		1,277,047			1,158,749
Total Fulgent stockholders’ equity								1,258,698			1,266,685
Noncontrolling interest		4,350			7,131			3,136			3,190
Total stockholders’ equity		1,281,397			1,165,880			1,261,834			1,269,875
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,405,782		$	1,278,720		$	1,358,398		$	1,386,053

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021		2023			2022		2023			2022
Revenue	$	105,655	$	227,868	$	551,264	$	740,913	$	84,687		$	105,655	$	218,708		$	551,264
Cost of revenue		59,560		43,466		197,350		153,399		44,843			59,560		139,481			197,350
Gross profit		46,095		184,402		353,914		587,514		39,844			46,095		79,227			353,914
Operating expenses:
Research and development		7,507		6,021		20,401		16,755		10,014			7,507		29,488			20,401
Selling and marketing		9,859		6,012		28,665		16,239		10,161			9,859		30,967			28,665
General and administrative		26,266		12,299		82,281		28,630		17,498			26,266		57,293			82,281
Amortization of intangible assets		2,006		797		4,487		797		1,957			2,006		5,887			4,487
Restructuring costs		105		—		3,001		—		—			105		—			3,001
Total operating expenses		45,743		25,129		138,835		62,421		39,630			45,743		123,635			138,835
Operating income		352		159,273		215,079		525,093
Operating income (loss)										214			352		(44,408	)		215,079
Interest and other income, net		1,405		496		2,408		1,382		6,646			1,405		15,519			2,408
Income before income taxes and gain on equity method investment		1,757		159,769		217,487		526,475
Income (loss) before income taxes										6,860			1,757		(28,889	)		217,487
Provision for income taxes		414		37,545		51,488		127,647		20,326			414		12,016			51,488
Income before gain on equity method investment		1,343		122,224		165,999		398,828
Gain on equity method investment		—		—		—		3,734
Net income from consolidated operations		1,343		122,224		165,999		402,562
Net (loss) income from consolidated operations										(13,466	)		1,343		(40,905	)		165,999
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		376		298		1,236		463		359			376		1,229			1,236
Net income attributable to Fulgent	$	1,719	$	122,522	$	167,235	$	403,025
Net (loss) income attributable to Fulgent									$	(13,107	)	$	1,719	$	(39,676	)	$	167,235

Net income per common share attributable to Fulgent:
Net (loss) income per common share attributable to Fulgent:
Basic	$	0.06	$	4.13	$	5.53	$	13.79	$	(0.44	)	$	0.06	$	(1.33	)	$	5.53
Diluted	$	0.06	$	3.93	$	5.38	$	13.04	$	(0.44	)	$	0.06	$	(1.33	)	$	5.38

Weighted-average common shares:
Basic		30,174		29,673		30,256		29,221		30,013			30,174		29,789			30,256
Diluted		30,867		31,170		31,107		30,906		30,013			30,867		29,789			31,107

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

~~The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements~~.


	Fulgent Stockholders' Equity																							Fulgent Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares			Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Retained Earnings			Fulgent Stockholders' Equity			Noncontrolling Interest			Total Equity			Shares (1)			Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Retained Earnings			Fulgent Stockholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling Interest			Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2020		28,178		$	3	$	418,065		$	438		$	150,881		$	569,387		$	—		$	569,387
Balance at December 31, 2022																									29,438		$	3	$	486,585		$	(20,903	)	$	801,000		$	1,266,685		$	3,190		$	1,269,875
Equity-based compensation																									—			—		10,265			—			—			10,265			—			10,265
Restricted stock awards																									280			—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Common stock withholding for employee tax obligations																									(26	)		—		(869	)		—			—			(869	)		—			(869	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)																									—			—		—			3,707			—			3,707			1,790			5,497
Net income (loss)																									—			—		—			—			(15,340	)		(15,340	)		(509	)		(15,849	)
Balance at March 31, 2023																									29,692			3		495,981			(17,196	)		785,660			1,264,448			4,471			1,268,919
Equity-based compensation		—			—		2,962			—			—			2,962			—			2,962			—			—		10,323			—			—			10,323			—			10,323
Exercise of common stock options		45			—		44			—			—			44			—			44			8			—		3			—			—			3			—			3
Restricted stock awards		187			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			225			—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Common stock withholding for employee tax obligations		(4	)		—		(513	)		—			—			(513	)		—			(513	)		(8	)		—		(232	)		—			—			(232	)		—			(232	)
Issuance of common stock at an average of $52.00 per share, net		583			—		30,297			—			—			30,297			—			30,297
Other comprehensive loss		—			—		—			(654	)		—			(654	)		—			(654	)
Cumulative effect of accounting change		—			—		—			—			(887	)		(887	)		—			(887	)
Cumulative tax effect of accounting change		—			—		—			—			239			239			—			239
Net income		—			—		—			—			200,691			200,691			—			200,691
Balance at March 31, 2021		28,989			3		450,855			(216	)		350,924			801,566			—			801,566
Other comprehensive income (loss)																									—			—		—			(3,550	)		—			(3,550	)		(547	)		(4,097	)
Net income (loss)																									—			—		—			—			(11,229	)		(11,229	)		(361	)		(11,590	)
Balance at June 30, 2023																									29,917		$	3	$	506,075		$	(20,746	)	$	774,431		$	1,259,763		$	3,563		$	1,263,326
Equity-based compensation		—			—		3,526			—			—			3,526			—			3,526			—			—		10,902			—			—			10,902			—			10,902
Exercise of common stock options		4			—		24			—			—			24			—			24
Restricted stock awards		143			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			211			—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Common stock withholding for employee tax obligations		(1	)		—		(39	)		—			—			(39	)		—			(39	)		(13	)		—		(517	)		—			—			(517	)		—			(517	)
Issuance of common stock at an average of $73.75 per share, net		378			—		27,889			—			—			27,889			—			27,889
Noncontrolling interest assumed related to acquisitions		—			—		—			—			—			—			8,151			8,151
Other comprehensive gain (loss)		—			—		—			(49	)					(49	)		10			(39	)
Repurchase of common stock																									(80	)		—		(2,198	)		—			—			(2,198	)		—			(2,198	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)																									—			—		—			3,855			—			3,855			(68	)		3,787
Net income (loss)		—			—		—			—			79,812			79,812			(165	)		79,647			—			—		—			—			(13,107	)		(13,107	)		(359	)		(13,466	)
Balance at June 30, 2021		29,513		$	3	$	482,255		$	(265	)	$	430,736		$	912,729		$	7,996		$	920,725
Equity-based compensation		—			—		4,374			—			—			4,374			—			4,374
Exercise of common stock options		25			—		17			—			—			17			—			17
Restricted stock awards		320			—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Common stock withholding for employee tax obligations		(29	)		—		(2,915	)		—			—			(2,915	)		—			(2,915	)
Other comprehensive gain (loss)		—			—		—			53			—			53			(25	)		28
Net income (loss)		—			—		—			—			122,522			122,522			(298	)		122,224
Balance at September 30, 2021		29,829		$	3	$	483,731		$	(212	)	$	553,258		$	1,036,780		$	7,673		$	1,044,453
Balance at September 30, 2023																									30,035		$	3	$	514,262		$	(16,891	)	$	761,324		$	1,258,698		$	3,136		$	1,261,834

(1) As of September 30, 2023, 371,006 shares of the Company's common stock were not issued and were held back by the Company as partial security for the indemnification obligations in connection with the business combination of Fulgent Pharma Holdings, Inc., or Fulgent Pharma, in 2022.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2023			2022
Cash flow from operating activities:
Net income from consolidated operations	$	165,999		$	402,562
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net (loss) income from consolidated operations							$	(40,905	)	$	165,999
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Equity-based compensation		22,618			10,862			31,490			22,618
Depreciation and amortization		22,860			7,513			19,610			22,860
Provision for credit losses		25,256			4,107			(4,331	)		25,256
Noncash lease expense		3,311			682			4,895			3,311
Loss on disposal of fixed asset		300			779			429			300
Amortization of premium of marketable securities		4,230			5,490
Amortization of (discount) premium of marketable securities								(2,382	)		4,230
Deferred taxes		(4,934	)		(6,574	)		10,964			(4,934	)
Unrecognized tax benefits		1,101			157			(281	)		1,101
Net loss on marketable securities		626			595			—			626
Gain on equity method investment		—			(3,734	)
Other		(23	)		(22	)		(29	)		(23	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable		24,214			65,003			7,596			24,214
Other current and long-term assets		3,722			(2,086	)		(2,876	)		3,722
Accounts payable		(32,331	)		(9,002	)		(7,025	)		(32,331	)
Income tax payable		(400	)		(35,444	)		—			(400	)
Accrued liabilities and other liabilities		(12,905	)		21,252			(323	)		(12,905	)
Operating and finance lease liabilities		(3,331	)		(649	)
Operating lease liabilities								(4,762	)		(3,331	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		220,313			461,491			12,070			220,313
Cash flow from investing activities:
Purchase of marketable securities		(257,267	)		(523,939	)		(343,601	)		(257,267	)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired		(137,755	)		(61,868	)
Purchase of preferred stock of privately held company		(15,000	)		—
Purchases of fixed assets		(14,053	)		(17,829	)
Contingent consideration payout related to a business acquisition		(10,000	)		—
Purchase of redeemable preferred stock		—			(20,000	)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets		240			22
Maturities of marketable securities		131,713			61,516			376,890			131,713
Proceeds from sale of marketable securities		133,407			155,809			—			133,407
Net cash used in investing activities		(168,715	)		(406,289	)
Purchases of fixed assets								(19,101	)		(14,053	)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets								440			240
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired								—			(137,755	)
Investment in private equity securities								—			(15,000	)
Contingent consideration payout related to a business acquisition								—			(10,000	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities								14,628			(168,715	)
Cash flow from financing activities:
Repurchase of common stock		(45,279	)		—			(2,198	)		(45,279	)
Common stock withholding for employee tax obligations		(1,452	)		(3,467	)		(1,618	)		(1,452	)
Repayment of notes payable		(367	)		—			(2,429	)		(367	)
Repayment of investment margin loan								(15,000	)		—
Principal paid for finance lease		(469	)		(3	)		(592	)		(469	)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		19			85			3			19
Proceeds from public offerings of common stock, net of issuance costs		—			75,626
Proceeds from noncontrolling interest		—			10
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(47,548	)		72,251
Net cash used in financing activities								(21,834	)		(47,548	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(174	)		(2	)		(294	)		(174	)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		3,876			127,451			4,570			3,876
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		164,894			87,426			79,506			164,894
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	168,770		$	214,877		$	84,076		$	168,770
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid	$	56,181		$	169,540		$	2,698		$	56,181
Interest Paid							$	940		$	—
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of marketable securities in other current liabilities	$	12,905		$	20,092
Contingent consideration for business acquisition included in other current liabilities	$	—		$	8,500
Purchase of marketable securities in other current liabilities							$	—		$	12,905
Purchases of fixed assets in accounts payable	$	1,690		$	2,279		$	1,288		$	1,690
Purchases of fixed assets in notes payable	$	3,833		$	—		$	—		$	3,833
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities	$	52		$	1,706		$	2,661		$	52
Finance lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities	$	573		$	—		$	—		$	573
Finance lease right-of-use assets reduced due to lease modification and termination							$	696		$	—
Operating lease right-of-use assets reduced due to lease modification and termination	$	66		$	399		$	—		$	66

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 1. Overview and Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP. These financial statements include the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of all subsidiaries and entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest or is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. In determining whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of an entity, the Company applies a qualitative approach that determines whether it has both (i) the power to direct the economically significant activities of the entity and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the entity that could potentially be significant to that entity. The Company uses the equity method to account for its investments in entities that it does not control, but in which it has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies. All ~~significant~~ intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated from the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Nature of the Business

Fulgent Genetics, Inc., together with its subsidiaries and affiliated professional corporations ~~or PCs, collectively~~(collectively referred to as the Company, unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise ~~requires,~~requires), is a ~~technology~~technology-based company ~~offering large-scale COVID-19 testing services,~~with a well-established clinical diagnostic business and a therapeutic development business. Its clinical diagnostic business offers molecular diagnostic testing services, ~~and~~ comprehensive genetic testing, and high-quality anatomic pathology laboratory services designed to provide physicians and patients with clinically actionable diagnostic information to improve the quality of patient care. ~~A cornerstone of the Company’s~~Its therapeutic development business is ~~its ability to provide expansive options and flexibility~~focused on developing drug candidates for ~~all clients’ unique testing needs. To this end, the Company has developed a proprietary technology platform allowing it to offer~~treating a broad range of cancers using a novel nanoencapsulation and ~~flexible test menu~~targeted therapy platform designed to improve the therapeutic window and pharmacokinetic profile of new and existing cancer drugs. The Company aims to continually expand and improve its proprietary genetic reference library, while maintaining accessible pricing, high accuracy and competitive turnaround times. Combining next generation sequencing, or NGS, with its technology platform, the Company performs full-gene sequencing with deletion/duplication analysis in single-gene tests; pre-established, multi-gene, disease-specific panels; and customized panels that can be tailored to meet specific customer needs.transform from a genomic diagnostic business into a fully integrated precision medicine company.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, which are included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on February 28, ~~2022,~~2023, or the ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report, and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full fiscal year or any other period. The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, ~~2021~~2022 has been derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. As such, the information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in the ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report, including the notes thereto.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

See the summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies set forth in the notes to its consolidated financial statements included in the ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. These estimates, judgments and assumptions are based on historical data and experience available at the date of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as various other factors management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, including but not limited to the potential impacts arising from the recent global pandemic related to COVID-19. As the extent and duration of the impacts from COVID-19 remain unclear, thecircumstances. The Company’s estimates and assumptions may evolve as conditions change. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates.

On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates, primarily those related to: (i) revenue recognition ~~criteria;~~criteria, (ii) accounts receivable and allowances for credit ~~losses;~~losses, (iii) the useful lives of fixed assets and intangible ~~assets;~~assets, (iv) estimates of tax ~~liabilities; and~~liabilities, (v) valuation of intangible assets and ~~goodwill.~~goodwill at time of acquisition and on a recurring basis, and (vi) valuation of investments.

~~Marketable Securities~~

All marketable debt securities, which consist of corporate debt securities, municipal bonds, U.S. government and agency debt securities, U.S. treasury bills, and Yankee debt securities issued by foreign governments or entities and denominated in U.S. dollars have been classified as “available-for-sale,” and are carried at fair value. Net unrealized gains and losses, net of any related tax effects, are excluded from earnings and are included in other comprehensive income (loss) and reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity until realized. Realized gains and losses on marketable debt securities are included in interest and other income, net, in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The cost of any marketable debt securities sold is based on the specific-identification method. The amortized cost of marketable debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Interest on marketable debt securities is included in interest and other income, net. In accordance with the Company’s investment policy, management invests to diversify credit risk and only invests in securities with high credit quality, including U.S. government securities.

The Company’s investments in marketable equity securities are measured at fair value with the related gains and losses, realized and unrealized, recognized in interest and other income, net, in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The cost of any marketable equity securities sold is based on the specific-identification method.

For available-for-sale debt securities, in an unrealized loss, the Company determines whether a credit loss exists. The credit loss is estimated by considering available information relevant to the collectability of the security and information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company compares the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security with the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows to be collected is less than the amortized basis of the security, a credit loss exists, and any credit loss is recorded as a charge to interest and other income, net, not to exceed the amount of the unrealized loss. If the Company has an intent to sell, or if it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell a debt security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the Company will write down the security to its fair value and record the corresponding charge as a component of interest and other income, net.

Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

Trade accounts receivable are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses for expected uncollectible trade accounts receivable, which is recorded as an offset to trade accounts receivable, and changes in allowance for credit losses are classified as a general and administrative expense in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~Income.~~Operations. The Company assesses collectability by reviewing trade accounts receivable on a collective basis where similar risk characteristics exist and on an individual basis when it identifies specific customers that have deterioration in credit quality such that they may no longer share similar risk characteristics with the other receivables. In determining the amount of the allowance for credit losses, the Company uses a loss rate model or probability-of-default and loss given default ~~model, which~~model. Following the loss rate method, expected credit losses are determined based on an estimated historical loss rate. The probability of default method allows the ability to define a point of default and measure credit losses for receivables that have reached the point of default for purposes of calculating the allowance for credit losses. Loss given default represents the likelihood that a receivable that has reached the point of default will not be collected in full. The Company updates its ~~probability-of-default~~loss rate and ~~loss given default~~ factors annually to incorporate the most recent historical data and adjusts the quantitative portion of the reserve through its qualitative reserve overlay. The Company looks at qualitative factors such as general economic conditions in determining expected credit losses. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded an adjustment of $(2.3) million and $(4.3) million, respectively, in provision for credit losses for trade accounts receivable due to decreased allowance for uncollectible accounts. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $6.5 million and $25.3 million, respectively, of provision for credit losses for trade accounts ~~receivable, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded $848,000~~ ~~and $4.1~~ ~~million of provision for credit losses for trade accounts receivable, respectively.~~receivable.

Redeemable Preferred Stock Investment

The redeemable preferred stock investment of $~~11.2~~15.2 million as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 represents the fair value of redeemable preferred stock of a private company that the Company purchased in July 2021. The investment is classified as available-for-sale debt securities. The fair value of available-for-sale debt security is included in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Balance Sheets. Unrealized ~~losses~~gain of $2.3 million and $2.8 million is excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income (loss) in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and unrealized loss of $748,000 and $10.7 million were excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive ~~loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. There was~~ no ~~unrealized gain or loss~~income (loss) in the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2022, respectively. Since the Company intends on holding the preferred stock, and the preferred stock is not redeemable until July 2027, the investment is recorded as a long-term investment.

Foreign Currency Translation and Foreign Currency Transactions

The Company translates the assets and liabilities of its non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the end of each period. Expenses for these subsidiaries are translated using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. Gains and losses from these translations are recognized in foreign currency translation included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity.

~~Loss from these translations were $1.9~~ ~~million and $3.7~~ ~~million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Loss from these translations were not significant in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.~~ The Company and its subsidiaries that use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency remeasure monetary assets and liabilities at exchange rates in effect at the end of each period, whereas reagents and supplies, property and nonmonetary assets and liabilities are measured at historical rates. Losses from these remeasurements were ~~not significant~~$230,000 and $2.0 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Loss from these translations were $1.9 million and $3.7 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, ~~and 2021.~~respectively.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) consists of net unrealized gain or loss on available-for-sale debt securities, net of tax, and foreign currency translation adjustments from the Company's subsidiaries not using the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. ~~Reclassifications~~There were no reclassifications from other comprehensive income (loss) to net loss in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, and reclassification from other comprehensive income (loss) to net earnings ~~were~~was not significant in the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2022. The tax effects related to net unrealized loss on available-for-sale debt securities were $1.2 million and ~~2021.~~$2.4 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The tax effects related to net unrealized loss on available-for-sale debt securities were $3.6 million and $9.4 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. ~~The tax effects were~~ no~~t significant in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.~~

~~Leases~~

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception by evaluating whether the arrangement conveys the right to use an identified asset and whether the Company obtains substantially all of the economic benefits from and has the ability to direct the use of the asset. Operating and finance lease right-of-use assets, or ROU assets, short-term lease liabilities, and long-term lease liabilities are included in other long-term assets, accrued liabilities, and other long-term liabilities, respectively, in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Lease ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term. Lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term, including options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date, including inquiries with its bank, in determining the present value of lease payments since its leases do not provide an implicit rate. Lease ROU assets consist of initial measurement of lease liabilities, any lease payments made to lessor on or before the lease commencement date, minus any lease incentive received, and any initial direct costs incurred by the Company. Operating lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance lease, ROU assets are amortized on a straight-line basis from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of useful life of the ROU assets or the end of the lease term. Amortization of ROU assets and interest on the lease liability for finance leases are included as charges to the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Lease ROU assets and liabilities arising from business combinations are recognized and measured at the acquisition dates as if an acquired lease were a new lease at the date of acquisition using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate unless the discount rate is implicit in the lease. The Company elects to not to recognize assets or liabilities as of the acquisition dates for leases that, on the acquisition dates, have a remaining lease term of 12 months or less. The Company also retains the acquirees’ classification of the leases if there are no modifications as part of the business combinations.

The Company leases and subleases out space in buildings it owns or leases to third-party tenants or subtenants under noncancelable operating leases. The Company recognizes lease payments as income over the lease terms on a straight-line basis and recognizes variable lease payments as income in the period in which the changes in facts and circumstances on which the variable lease payments are based occur. The net rental income is included in the interest and other income, net, in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Concentration of Customers

In certain periods, a small number of customers have accounted for a significant portion of the Company’s revenue. After aggregating customers that are under common control or affiliation, one customer contributed 1314% and 2111% of the Company's revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively. ~~Two~~A different customer ~~customers~~ contributed 3113% and 1121%~~, respectively,~~ of the ~~Company’s~~

Company's revenue for the three ~~months ended September 30, 2021,~~ and~~one~~ ~~customer contributed~~ 26~~% of the Company’s revenue for the~~ nine months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2022, respectively. No ~~single~~ customer comprised 10% or more of total accounts receivable as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023, andone customer comprised 17% of total accounts receivable as of December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company classifies its customers into three payor types: (i) Insurance, including claim reimbursement from the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration, or HRSA, for uninsured individuals, (ii) Institutional customers, including hospitals, medical institutions, other laboratories, governmental bodies, municipalities, and large corporations, or (iii) Patients who pay ~~directly,~~directly; as the Company believes ~~this~~these classifications best ~~depicts~~depict how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The following table summarizes revenue from contracts with customers by payor type for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021.~~2022.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021		2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Testing Services by payor
Insurance	$	63,030	$	143,276	$	337,497	$	400,354	$	48,619	$	63,030	$	116,231	$	337,497
Institutional customers		42,280		84,401		212,980		339,572		35,164		42,280		100,238		212,980
Patients		345		191		787		987		904		345		2,239		787
Total Revenue	$	105,655	$	227,868	$	551,264	$	740,913	$	84,687	$	105,655	$	218,708	$	551,264

The insurance revenue category above includes zero and $~~81.9~~92.7 million for the three ~~months ended September 30, 2022~~ and ~~2021, respectively, and $92.7~~ ~~million and $231.5~~ ~~million for the~~ nine months ended September 30, 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ respectively, for services related to claims covered by the HRSA COVID-19 Uninsured Program. The Company did not recognize any insurance revenue under HRSA ~~program stopped accepting claims at 11:59 p.m. on March 22, 2022.~~COVID-19 Uninsurance Program for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

~~There was no material~~$18.9 million variable consideration was recognized in the ~~current period~~three months ended September 30, 2023 that ~~relates~~related to ~~performance obligations that were~~COVID-19 tests completed in the prior ~~period.~~

~~Collection of~~periods due to the ~~Company’s net revenues~~recent collection efforts, which was included as revenue from ~~insurers is normally a function of providing complete and correct billing information within~~insurance in the ~~various filing deadlines. Provided~~table above. During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, the Company ~~has billed insurers accurately with complete information prior~~experienced a change in estimate related to variable consideration. This change resulted in a cumulative catch-up adjustment of $18.9 million. The Company estimates variable consideration using the ~~established filing deadline, there has historically been little to no credit risk. If there has been~~expected value method. Any changes in variable consideration estimates that affect transactions are accounted for on a ~~delay in billing, the Company determines if the amounts in question will likely go past the filing deadline, and if so, the Company will reserve accordingly for the billing.~~cumulative catch-up basis.

Contract Balances

Receivables from contracts with customers - Receivables from contracts with customers are included within trade accounts receivable on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Net receivable from Insurance and Institutional customers represented 7841% and 2259%, respectively, as of September 30, ~~2022.~~2023. Net receivable from Insurance and Institutional customers represented 4714% and 5386%, respectively, as of December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Contracts assets and liabilities - Contract assets from contracts with customers associated with contract execution and certain costs to fulfill a contract are included in other current assets in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company did not have any contract assets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Contract liabilities are recorded when the Company receives payment prior to completing its obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer. Contract liabilities are included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Revenues of $~~8.5~~731,000 ~~million~~ and $~~5.7~~8.5 million were recognized for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, and $~~14.4~~2.2 million and $~~26.4~~14.4 million were recognized for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, related to contract liabilities at the beginning of the respective periods.

~~Reagents and Supplies~~

The Company maintains reagents and other consumables primarily used in sample collections and testing which are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using actual costs on a first-in, first-out basis. The reagents and supplies were included in other current assets in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Customer Deposit

Customer deposit in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets consists of payments received from customers in excess of their outstanding trade accounts receivable ~~balances or amounts customers believe were potentially paid in error.~~balances. These deposits will be offset against future testing receivables or refunded to the customers. ~~The largest deposit as of September 30, 2022 was recorded in the amount of $16.0~~ ~~million.~~

~~Business Combination~~

The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting and allocates the fair value of purchase consideration to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from an acquiree based on their respective fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair value of these assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. When determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, management makes significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Critical estimates in valuing intangible assets include, but are not limited to, expected future cash flows, which includes consideration of future growth and margins, future changes in technology, expected cost and time to develop in-process research and development, brand awareness and discount rates. Fair value estimates are based on the assumptions that management believes a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.

~~Goodwill~~

Goodwill is not amortized but is subject to impairment tests on an annual basis, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist, and goodwill is written down when it is determined to be impaired. The Company typically performs an annual impairment review in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year unless one had been performed previously within the past 12 months and compares the fair value of the reporting unit in which the goodwill resides to its carrying value.

~~Restructuring Costs~~

Restructuring costs represent one-time employee termination benefits provided to employees associated with a newly acquired entity that were involuntarily terminated. A plan of termination was approved and authorized by management in the second quarter of 2022. The plan identified specific employees to be terminated and established terms of benefits those employees would receive upon termination. Total restructuring costs incurred in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $~~105,000~~ ~~and $3.0~~ ~~million, respectively, and payable balance as of September 30, 2022 was $2.0~~ ~~million, which is included in accrued liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.~~ No ~~additional costs are expected to be incurred under the plan of termination, and the payable balance is expected to be paid off by~~ ~~August 2023. There were~~ no ~~such costs in the prior fiscal year.~~

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company evaluates all Accounting Standards Updates, or ASUs, issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, for consideration of their applicability. ASUs not included in the Company’s disclosures were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 3. Equity and Debt Securities

The Company’s equity and debt securities consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2022												September 30, 2023
	Amortized Cost Basis			Unrealized Gains			Unrealized Losses			Aggregate Fair Value			Amortized Cost Basis			Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Aggregate Fair Value
	(in thousands)												(in thousands)
Equity securities:
Long-term
Preferred stock of privately held company	$	15,000		$	—		$	—			15,000		$	15,000			—		—			15,000
Total equity securities		15,000			—			—			15,000			15,000			—		—			15,000
Available-for-sale debt securities
Short-term
U.S. government debt securities		181,333			—			(2,824	)		178,509			165,357			—		(3,162	)		162,195
Corporate debt securities		124,181			—			(2,120	)		122,061			85,674			—		(1,701	)		83,973
U.S. agency debt securities														71,498			—		(742	)		70,756
U.S. treasury bills														61,756			—		(18	)		61,738
Money market accounts		87,382			—			—			87,382			33,318			—		—			33,318
U.S. treasury bills		72,522			6			(285	)		72,243
U.S. agency debt securities		32,505			—			(483	)		32,022
Municipal bonds		8,058			—			(123	)		7,935			5,117			—		(53	)		5,064
Yankee debt securities		7,582			—			(147	)		7,435
Less: Cash equivalents		(105,292	)		(5	)		—			(105,297	)		(33,318	)		—		—			(33,318	)
Total debt securities due within 1 year		408,271			1			(5,982	)		402,290			389,402			—		(5,676	)		383,726
After 1 year through 5 years
U.S. government debt securities		181,464			—			(8,261	)		173,203			202,084			6		(3,297	)		198,793
U.S. agency debt securities														163,842			—		(3,910	)		159,932
Corporate debt securities		114,848			—			(6,584	)		108,264			16,208			—		(1,176	)		15,032
U.S. agency debt securities		52,230			—			(3,467	)		48,763
Municipal bonds		12,929			—			(382	)		12,547			7,517			1		(149	)		7,369
Yankee debt securities		753			—			(100	)		653			752			—		(84	)		668
Redeemable preferred stock investment		20,000			—			(8,767	)		11,233			20,000			—		(4,842	)		15,158
Total debt securities due after 1 year through 5 years		382,224			—			(27,561	)		354,663			410,403			7		(13,458	)		396,952
After 5 years through 10 years
Municipal bonds		3,654			—			(138	)		3,516			1,905			—		(40	)		1,865
Total debt securities due after 5 years through 10 years		3,654			—			(138	)		3,516			1,905			—		(40	)		1,865
Total available-for-sale debt securities		794,149			1			(33,681	)		760,469			801,710			7		(19,174	)		782,543
Total equity and debt securities	$	809,149		$	1		$	(33,681	)	$	775,469		$	816,710		$	7	$	(19,174	)	$	797,543

1210

December 31, 2021

Amortized
Cost Basis

Unrealized
Gains

Unrealized
Losses

Aggregate
Fair Value

(in thousands)

Equity securities:

Short-term

Bond funds
$
99,314

$
—

$
(515
)

$
98,799

Exchange traded funds

35,174

—

(174
)

35,000

Total equity securities

134,488

—

(689
)

133,799

Available-for-sale debt securities

Short-term

Corporate debt securities

92,116

24

(148
)

91,992

Money market accounts

77,067

—

—

77,067

U.S. government debt securities

51,318

—

(81
)

51,237

Municipal bonds

4,980

—

(12
)

4,968

Yankee debt securities

3,615

—

(6
)

3,609

Less: Cash equivalents

(77,067
)

—

—

(77,067
)
Total debt securities due within 1 year

152,029

24

(247
)

151,806

After 1 year through 5 years

Corporate debt securities

242,421

29

(1,913
)

240,537

U.S. Government debt securities

147,699

7

(786
)

146,920

U.S. agency debt securities

70,069

—

(535
)

69,534

Municipal bonds

11,920

13

(11
)

11,922

Yankee debt securities

8,633

—

(89
)

8,544

Total debt securities due after 1 year through 5 years

480,742

49

(3,334
)

477,457

After 5 years through 10 years

Municipal bonds

7,633

—

(43
)

7,590

Redeemable preferred stock investment

20,000

1,965

—

21,965

Total debt securities due after 5 years through 10 years

27,633

1,965

(43
)

29,555

Total available-for-sale debt securities

660,404

2,038

(3,624
)

658,818

Total equity and debt securities
$
794,892

$
2,038

$
(4,313
)

$
792,617


	December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost Basis			Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Aggregate Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Equity securities:
Long-term
Preferred stock of privately held company	$	15,000		$	—	$	—		$	15,000
Total equity securities		15,000			—		—			15,000
Available-for-sale debt securities
Short-term
U.S. government debt securities		189,333			—		(3,373	)		185,960
Corporate debt securities		120,480			—		(2,222	)		118,258
U.S. treasury bills		69,991			—		(193	)		69,798
U.S. agency debt securities		68,411			—		(342	)		68,069
Money market accounts		27,455			—		—			27,455
Municipal bonds		7,371			—		(80	)		7,291
Yankee debt securities		2,347			—		(5	)		2,342
Less: Cash equivalents		(32,444	)		—		—			(32,444	)
Total debt securities due within 1 year		452,944			—		(6,215	)		446,729
After 1 year through 5 years
U.S. government debt securities		152,435			2		(6,349	)		146,088
U.S. agency debt securities		92,054			—		(3,435	)		88,619
Corporate debt securities		80,647			—		(4,756	)		75,891
Municipal bonds		12,065			—		(217	)		11,848
Yankee debt securities		753			—		(85	)		668
Redeemable preferred stock investment		20,000			—		(7,615	)		12,385
Total debt securities due after 1 year through 5 years		357,954			2		(22,457	)		335,499
After 5 years through 10 years
Municipal bonds		3,617			—		(83	)		3,534
Total debt securities due after 5 years through 10 years		3,617			—		(83	)		3,534
Total available-for-sale debt securities		814,515			2		(28,755	)		785,762
Total equity and debt securities	$	829,515		$	2	$	(28,755	)	$	800,762

Gross unrealized losses on the Company’s equity and debt securities were $~~33.7~~19.2 million and $28.8 million as of September 30, ~~2022. Gross unrealized losses on the Company’s equity~~2023 and ~~debt securities were $4.3~~ ~~million as of~~ December 31, ~~2021.~~2022, respectively. The Company did not recognize any credit losses for its available-for-sale debt securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021.~~

~~The Company’s securities of $489.7~~ ~~million are used as collateral for an outstanding margin account borrowing. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had an outstanding borrowing of $15.0~~ ~~million under its margin account. Margin account borrowings were used for the purchase of real property located in El Monte, California in 2020.~~2022.

Note 4. Fair Value Measurements

The authoritative guidance on fair value measurements establishes a framework with respect to measuring assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis and non-recurring basis. Under the framework, fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants, as of the measurement date. The framework also establishes a three-tier hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy consists of the following three levels:


Level 1:	Inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity can access at the measurement date.
Level 2:	Inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3:	Inputs are unobservable for the asset or liability.

The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, based on the above three-tier fair value hierarchy:


	September 30, 2022								September 30, 2023
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Equity securities, debt securities and cash equivalents:
U.S. government debt securities	$	351,712	$	—	$	351,712	$	—	$	360,988	$	—	$	360,988	$	—
U.S. agency debt securities										230,688		—		230,688		—
Corporate debt securities		230,325		—		230,325		—		99,005		—		99,005		—
U.S. treasury bills										61,738		61,738		—		—
Money market accounts		87,382		87,382		—		—		33,318		33,318		—		—
U.S. agency debt securities		80,785		—		80,785		—
U.S. treasury bills		72,243		72,243		—		—
Municipal bonds		23,998		—		23,998		—		14,298		—		14,298		—
Preferred stock of privately held company		15,000		—		—		15,000		15,000		—		—		15,000
Redeemable preferred stock investment		11,233		—		—		11,233		15,158		—		—		15,158
Yankee debt securities		8,088		—		8,088		—		668		—		668		—
Total equity securities, debt securities and cash equivalents	$	880,766	$	159,625	$	694,908	$	26,233	$	830,861	$	95,056	$	705,647	$	30,158


	December 31, 2021								December 31, 2022
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Equity securities, debt securities and cash equivalents:
U.S. government debt securities									$	332,048	$	—	$	332,048	$	—
Corporate debt securities	$	332,529	$	—	$	332,529	$	—		194,149		—		194,149		—
U.S. government debt securities		198,157		—		198,157		—
Bond funds		98,799		98,799		—		—
U.S. agency debt securities		69,534		—		69,534		—		156,688		—		156,688		—
Exchange traded funds		35,000		35,000		—		—
U.S. treasury bills										69,798		69,798		—		—
Money market accounts										27,455		27,455		—		—
Municipal bonds		24,480		—		24,480		—		22,673		—		22,673		—
Preferred stock of privately held company										15,000		—		—		15,000
Redeemable preferred stock investment										12,385		—		—		12,385
Yankee debt securities		12,153		—		12,153		—		3,010		—		3,010		—
Redeemable preferred stock investment		21,965		—		—		21,965
Money market accounts		77,067		77,067		—		—
Total equity securities, debt securities and cash equivalents	$	869,684	$	210,866	$	636,853	$	21,965	$	833,206	$	97,253	$	708,568	$	27,385

The Company’s Level 1 assets include ~~bond funds, exchange traded funds,~~ U.S. treasury bills and money market instruments and are valued based upon observable market prices. Level 2 assets consist of U.S. government and U.S. agency debt securities, municipal bonds, corporate debt securities and Yankee debt securities. Level 2 securities are valued based upon observable inputs that include reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, bids and offers. As of September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company had $~~15.0~~ ~~million of~~ preferred stock of a privately held company, which was included in other long-term assets in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and $~~11.2~~ ~~million of~~ redeemable preferred stock of a private company that were measured using unobservable (Level 3) inputs. The fair value of redeemable preferred stock as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 was based on valuation performed by a third-party valuation company utilizing the guideline public company method under market approach and the discounted cash flow method under income approach. For the value of the investment in private equity securities, the Company elected to measure it at cost minus impairment, as the preferred stock of the privately held company did not have a readily determinable fair value, and no impairment loss was recorded as of September 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

There were no transfers between fair value measurement levels during the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021.~~2022.

Note 5. Fixed Assets

Major classes of fixed assets consisted of the following:


		September 30,			December 31,				September 30,			December 31,
	Useful Lives	2022			2021			Useful Lives	2023			2022
		(in thousands)							(in thousands)
Medical lab equipment	1 to 12 Years	$	48,570		$	35,930		5 months to 12 Years	$	50,898		$	53,503
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life		11,175			4,003		Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life		11,065			11,804
Building								39 Years		9,781			6,731
Computer software								1 to 5 Years		7,739			6,982
Building improvements								6 months to 39 Years		7,703			5,865
Computer hardware	1 to 5 Years		6,906			5,661		1 to 5 Years		6,485			6,979
Computer software	1 to 5 Years		6,793			1,408
Building	39 Years		6,731			6,731
Aircraft	7 Years		6,503			6,503		7 Years		6,400			6,400
Building improvements	6 months to 39 Years		5,749			3,936
Furniture and fixtures	1 to 5 Years		4,160			2,255		1 to 5 Years		3,751			4,248
Land improvements								5 to 15 Years		904			904
Automobile	2 to 7 Years		811			825		3 to 7 Years		347			797
Land improvements	5 to 15 Years		616			403
General equipment	3 to 5 Years		44			44		3 to 5 Years		115			44
Land			7,500			7,500				8,800			7,500
Assets not yet placed in service			12,215			6,718				18,385			12,877
Total			117,773			81,917				132,373			124,634
Less: Accumulated depreciation			(35,966	)		(19,630	)			(47,108	)		(43,281	)
Fixed assets, net		$	81,807		$	62,287			$	85,265		$	81,353

Depreciation expenses on fixed assets totaled $~~7.6~~4.3 million and $~~2.5~~7.6 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, and $~~17.9~~13.1 million and $~~6.7~~17.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ respectively.

Note 6. Other Significant Balance Sheet Accounts

Other current assets consisted of the following:

September 30,

December 31,

2022

2021

(in thousands)

Prepaid expenses
$
8,399

$
4,244

Reagents and supplies

7,509

12,206

Marketable securities interest receivable

2,733

2,743

Prepaid income taxes

2,055

1,716

Other receivable

699

1,403

Contract assets

—

237

Total
$
21,395

$
22,549

~~Reagents and supplies include reagents and consumables used for COVID-19 testing and genetics testing and collection kits for COVID-19 testing.~~


	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Prepaid income taxes	$	14,965	$	15,434
Prepaid expenses		7,583		6,814
Reagents and supplies		4,877		4,280
Marketable securities interest receivable		4,236		2,525
Other receivable		1,115		19,836
Total	$	32,776	$	48,889

Other ~~current liabilities consisted~~receivable as of ~~the following:~~December 31, 2022 includes $

19.1

September 30,

December 31,

2022

2021

(in thousands)

Payable to a broker
$
12,905

$
—

Other

716

680

Total
$
13,621

$
680

~~The payable to a broker was for~~ million of maturities of marketable securities ~~purchased before the period-end~~ that did not settle until after period-end.

15Other long-term liabilities primarily include operating and finance lease liabilities, long-term, see Note 9, Leases, and notes payable, long-term, see Note 8, Debt, Commitments and Contingencies.

Note 8. Debt, Commitments and Contingencies

Debt

As of September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company ~~had an~~did not have any outstanding borrowing ~~of $15.0~~ ~~million~~ under its margin account with the custodian of the Company’s marketable debt security investment account, Pershing Advisor Solutions, LLC, a BNY Mellon Company. ~~Margin account borrowings were used~~The related interest expenses for the purchase of real property located in El Monte, California in 2020. The securities in the brokerage account were used as collateral for the margin loan. The custodian can issue a margin call at any time. The interest rate on the margin loan was the effective federal funds rate, or EFFR, plus a spread. The EFFR and/or the spread can be changed by BNY Mellon at any time. The interest was 1~~% at the time of withdrawal of $15.0~~ ~~million from the margin account,~~three and ~~the interest rate at~~nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 was~~2023 were 3zero~~%. The Company did not make any other withdrawals from the margin account,~~ and ~~the outstanding balance is included in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.~~$336,000, respectively. The related interest expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $105,000 and $185,000, respectively. ~~The related interest expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were $30,000~~ ~~and $88,000, respectively.~~

Notes payable as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 consisted of $~~3.8~~3.4 million of notes payable related to an installment sale contract the Company entered in February 2022 for a building and $~~5.0~~2.5 million of notes payable to Xilong Scientific Co., or Xilong Scientific, by Fujian Fujun Gene Biotech Co., Ltd., or FF Gene Biotech. The notes payable related to the installment sale are due in February 2030, and the interest rate is 1.08%. The current portion and noncurrent portion are $~~461,000~~408,000 and $~~3.4~~3.0 million, respectively, and the noncurrent portion is included in the other long-term liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The notes payable to Xilong Scientific were extended to and are due on December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, and the interest rate on the loan is 4.97%. The related interest expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 were $~~75,000~~54,000 and $~~231,000~~199,000, respectively. The related interest expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 were $~~74,000~~75,000~~. The Company did~~ and $no231,000~~t have the installment sale contract in 2021.~~, respectively.

Operating Leases

See Note 9, Leases, for further information.

Purchase Obligations

The Company entered certain noncancelable purchase commitments with its vendors, which primarily consist of services, reagent and supplies, computer software, and medical lab equipment. As of September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company had non-cancelable purchase obligations of $~~15.8~~51.1 million, of which $~~5.5~~24.0 million ~~for computer software and hardware, $5.2~~ ~~million for reagents and other supplies, $3.2~~ ~~million for services, and $1.4~~ ~~million for medical lab equipment are~~is payable within twelve months, and the remainder, $~~485,000~~27.1 ~~for services~~million, is payable within the next ~~twenty-four months.~~five years.

Contingencies

From time to time, the Company may be subject to legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the outcome of these matters would not have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

The Company has received a Civil Investigative Demand, or CID, issued by the U.S. Department of Justice pursuant to the False Claims Act related to its investigation of allegations of medically unnecessary laboratory testing, improper billing for laboratory testing, and remuneration received or provided in violation of the Anti-Kickback Statute and the Stark Law. ~~This~~Among other things, this CID requests information and records relating to certain of the Company’s customers named in the CID, which represent a small portion of the Company’s revenues. As disclosed in the Company’s prior filings, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC is also conducting a non-public formal investigation, which appears to relate to the matters raised in the CID requests and our Exchange Act reports filed for 2018 through 2020. The Company is fully cooperating with the U.S. Department of Justice and the SEC to promptly respond to the requests for

information in this CID and investigation and does not presently expect this CID or resulting investigation or the SEC investigation to have a material adverse impact. However, the Company cannot predict when ~~the investigation~~these matters will be resolved, the outcome of ~~the investigation~~these matters, or ~~its~~their potential impact, which may ultimately be greater than what the Company currently expects.

Note 9. Leases

Lessee

The Company is ~~party as~~ a lessee to various non-cancelable operating leases with varying terms through ~~March 2028~~April 2033 primarily for laboratory and office space and equipment. The Company has options to renew some of these leases after their expirations. On a lease-by-lease basis, the Company considers such options, which may be elected at the Company’s sole discretion, in determining the lease term. The Company also has ~~four~~various finance leases for lab equipment with varying terms through December 2026 ~~one~~, some of which ~~was~~were acquired in ~~a recent~~ business ~~combination. The Company retained acquirees’ classification of its leases.~~combinations. The Company does not have any leases with variable lease payments. The Company’s operating lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees, material restrictive covenants, bargain purchase options, or asset retirement obligations.

The Company’s headquarters are located in ~~Temple City,~~El Monte, California, which is comprised of various corporate offices and a laboratory certified under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988, or CLIA, accredited by the College of American Pathologists, or CAP, and licensed by the State of California Department of Public Health. Other CLIA-certified laboratories are located in ~~Houston,~~Temple City, California; Irving, Texas; Needham, Massachusetts; Phoenix, Arizona; Alpharetta, Georgia; ~~Phoenix, Arizona;~~and New York, New ~~York; Irving, Texas; and Needham, Massachusetts. Additional offices are located in Atlanta, Georgia and are used for certain report generation functions.~~York.

The operating and finance lease right-of-use asset, short-term lease liabilities, and long-term lease liabilities as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


	September 30,		December 31,		September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021		2023		2022
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Operating lease ROU asset, net	$	16,363	$	7,141	$	12,406	$	14,784
Operating lease liabilities, short term	$	6,184	$	1,842	$	4,994	$	6,132
Operating lease liabilities, long term	$	10,282	$	5,344	$	7,684	$	8,795
Finance lease ROU asset, net	$	3,010	$	1,735	$	1,444	$	2,784
Finance lease liabilities, short term	$	927	$	332	$	537	$	943
Finance lease liabilities, long term	$	2,050	$	1,398	$	894	$	1,818

The following ~~was~~were operating and finance lease ~~expense:~~expenses:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021		2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	1,770	$	429	$	3,674	$	730	$	1,703	$	1,770	$	5,239	$	3,674
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets		225		3		490		3		136		225		622		490
Interest on lease liabilities		31		—		66		—		15		31		67		66
Short-term lease cost		112		53		1,042		245		453		112		1,460		1,042
Total lease cost	$	2,138	$	485	$	5,272	$	978	$	2,307	$	2,138	$	7,388	$	5,272

Supplemental information related to operating ~~leases~~ and finance ~~lease was~~leases were the following:


	September 30, ~~2022~~2023
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases	~~3.39~~4.24 years
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases		~~3.82~~4.01	%
Weighted average remaining lease term -finance lease	~~3.33~~2.89 years
Weighted average discount rate - finance lease		~~3.98~~3.77	%

The following is a maturity analysis of operating and finance lease liabilities using undiscounted cash flows on an annual basis with renewal periods included:


	Operating Leases			Finance Lease			Operating Leases			Finance Lease
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Year Ending December 31,
2022 (remaining 3 months)	$	1,717		$	207
2023		6,579			1,033
2023 (remaining 3 months)							$	1,643		$	96
2024		4,063			1,026			4,356			579
2025		2,112			544			2,407			467
2026		1,521			366			1,784			366
2027		1,360			—			1,684			—
2028								541			—
Thereafter		217			—			1,509			—
Total lease payments		17,569			3,176			13,924			1,508
Less imputed interest		(1,103	)		(199	)		(1,246	)		(77	)
Total	$	16,466		$	2,977		$	12,678		$	1,431

Lessor

The Company leases out space in buildings it owns and leases to third-party tenants under noncancelable operating leases. As of September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the remaining lease terms ~~left~~ range from 3 months to 1615 months, including renewal options and may include rent escalation clauses. Lease income primarily represents fixed lease payments from tenants recognized on a straight-line basis over the application lease term. Variable lease income represents tenant payments for real estate taxes, insurance, and maintenance.

The lease income was included in interest and other income, net, in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~Income.~~Operations. Total lease income was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021		2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Lease income	$	48	$	78	$	229	$	315	$	36	$	48	$	119	$	229
Variable lease income		—		1		12		6		1		—		8		12
Total lease income	$	48	$	79	$	241	$	321	$	37	$	48	$	127	$	241

Future fixed lease payments from tenants for all noncancelable operating leases as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 are as follows:


	Lease Payments		Lease Payments
	from Tenants		from Tenants
	(in thousands)		(in thousands)
Year Ending December 31,
2022 (remaining 3 months)	$	40
2023		93
2023 (remaining 3 months)			$	36
2024		3		90
2025		—
Total	$	136	$	126

Note 10. Equity-Based Compensation

The Company has included equity-based compensation expense as part of cost of revenue and operating expenses in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~Income~~Operations as follows:

Three Months Ended September 30,

Nine Months Ended September 30,

2022

2021

2022

2021

(in thousands)

Cost of revenue
$
2,475

$
962

$
6,183

$
2,328

Research and development

2,687

1,757

7,110

4,461

Selling and marketing

1,243

693

3,148

1,739

General and administrative

2,567

962

6,177

2,334

Total
$
8,972

$
4,374

$
22,618

$
10,862


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	2,621	$	2,475	$	7,374	$	6,183
Research and development		3,782		2,687		10,900		7,110
Selling and marketing		1,189		1,243		3,644		3,148
General and administrative		3,310		2,567		9,572		6,177
Total	$	10,902	$	8,972	$	31,490	$	22,618

Note 11. ~~Provision for~~ Income Taxes

The effective tax rate used for interim periods is the estimated annual effective consolidated tax rate, based on the current estimate of full year results, except that taxes related to specific events, if any, are recorded in the interim period in which they occur. The annual effective tax rate is based upon several significant estimates and judgments, including the estimated annual pre-tax income of the Company in each tax jurisdiction in which it operates, and the development of tax planning strategies during the year. In addition, the Company’s tax expense can be impacted by changes in tax rates or laws and other factors that cannot be predicted with certainty. As such, there can be significant volatility in interim tax provisions.

The Company recorded consolidated provision for income taxes of $20.3 million and $12.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared with $414,000 and $51.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, ~~respectively, compared with $~~respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate was ~~37.5~~296 ~~million~~% and $(~~127.6~~42 ~~million~~%) for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2021, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rates was~~2023, respectively, compared to 24% for both the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022, respectively,~~2022. The change in the effective tax rate compared ~~with~~ 23~~% and~~ 24~~% for~~to prior periods is due to the ~~three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.~~establishment, in the current quarter, of a valuation allowance on the Company's net deferred tax assets.

The Company is ~~not currently~~ under examination by ~~any major income~~certain tax ~~jurisdiction.~~authorities for the 2020 to 2021 tax years. While the timing of the conclusion of the examination is uncertain, the Company believes that adequate amounts have been reserved for adjustments that may result. During ~~2022,~~2023, the statutes of limitations will lapse on the ~~Company's 2018~~Company’s 2019 federal tax year and certain ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018~~2019 state tax years. The Company does not believe the federal or state statute lapses or any other event will significantly impact the balance of unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months. ~~The net balance of unrecognized tax benefits was not material to the interim financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.~~

Note 12. Income (Loss) per Share

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:

Three Months Ended September 30,

Nine Months Ended September 30,

2022

2021

2022

2021

(in thousands, except per share data)

Net income attributable to Fulgent
$
1,719

$
122,522

$
167,235

$
403,025

Weighted-average common shares—outstanding, basic

30,174

29,673

30,256

29,221

Weighted-average common shares—outstanding, diluted

30,867

31,170

31,107

30,906

Net income per common share, basic
$
0.06

$
4.13

$
5.53

$
13.79

Net income per common share, diluted
$
0.06

$
3.93

$
5.38

$
13.04


	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022		2023			2022
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Net income (loss) attributable to Fulgent	$	(13,107	)	$	1,719	$	(39,676	)	$	167,235
Weighted-average common shares—outstanding, basic		30,013			30,174		29,789			30,256
Weighted-average common shares—outstanding, diluted		30,013			30,867		29,789			31,107
Net income (loss) per common share, basic	$	(0.44	)	$	0.06	$	(1.33	)	$	5.53
Net income (loss) per common share, diluted	$	(0.44	)	$	0.06	$	(1.33	)	$	5.38

The following securities have been excluded from the calculation of diluted income (loss) per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021		2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Options		7		5		10		5		215		7		212		10
Restricted Stock Units		1,238		241		697		129		1,315		1,238		1,196		697
Contingently Issuable Shares										371		—		371		—

The anti-dilutive shares described above were calculated using the treasury stock method. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company had outstanding stock options and restricted stock units and contingently issuable shares for held back related shares to the business combination of Fulgent Pharma that were excluded from the weighted-average share calculation for continuing operations due to the Company’s net loss positions.

Note 13. Related Parties

Linda Marsh, who is a member of the Company’s ~~board~~Board of ~~directors, is~~Directors, or the Board, currently serves as the Senior Executive Vice President of AHMC Healthcare Inc., or AHMC. The Company performs genetic testing and other testing services, on an arms-length basis, for AHMC, and the Company recognized $6,000 and $122,000 in revenue from AHMC in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The Company recognized $299,000 and $1.3 million in revenue from AHMC in the three and

nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. ~~The Company recognized~~As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $~~762,000~~13,000 and $~~2.6~~ ~~million in revenue in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $197,000~~ ~~and $556,000~~93,000, respectively, was owed to the Company by AHMC, which is included in trade accounts receivable, net, in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, in connection with this relationship.

The Company and Fulgent Pharma LLC, the Company’s former subsidiary and currently wholly-owned subsidiary of Fulgent Pharma Holdings, Inc., or Fulgent Pharma Holdings, are party to shared services arrangements where research and development,

administrative services and office space and equipment are provided between the companies, on an arms-length basis. Until April 2022, Ming Hsieh was the manager and a member of Fulgent Pharma LLC. In April 2022, Fulgent Pharma LLC became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fulgent Pharma Holdings which was ~~100% owned by~~ Ming Hsieh, the Chief Executive Officer and ~~Chairman~~Chairperson of the ~~Company’s board of directors, and the Hsieh Family Dynasty Trust, dated January 27, 2010, or the Hsieh Trust, of which Mr. Hsieh~~Board, is the grantor. Mr. Hsieh and Paul Kim, the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of Fulgent Genetics, also served as executive officers of Fulgent Pharma Holdings as its (i) President and Chief Executive Officer and (ii) Treasurer and Secretary, respectively. The cost of research and development services rendered by Fulgent Pharma LLC for the Company was not significant in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the cost of research and development services rendered by Fulgent Pharma LLC for the Company was $~~74,000~~ ~~and $279,000, respectively. Amounts for services performed by the Company for Fulgent Pharma LLC were~~ no~~t significant during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. As of September 30, 2022, $66,000~~ was owed to the Company by Fulgent Pharma LLC, which was included in other current assets in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, in connection with these relationships. As of December 31, 2021, $~~679,000~~, was owed to Fulgent Pharma LLC by the Company, which was included in other current liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, in connection with these relationships. On November 7, 2022, the Company acquired Fulgent Pharma Holdings. See Note 17, ~~Subsequent Events~~.

Ming Hsieh is the owner of PTJ Associates Inc., or PTJ. PTJ provides flight services to the Company on an arms-length basis. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred ~~zero~~ ~~and $235,000, respectively, in expenses for flights between California and Texas to transport employees and supplies. The Company incurred $65,000~~ ~~and $142,000~~ in expenses for flights between California and Texas to transport employees and supplies in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, no ~~amount was owed to PTJ by the Company. Ming Hsieh is also~~ on the board of directors and a 20% owner of ANP Technologies, Inc., or ~~ANP. The~~ANP, from which the Company purchased COVID-19 antigen rapid ~~tests~~test kits ~~from~~and entered into certain drug-related licensing and development service agreements. The President and Chief Scientific Officer of Fulgent Pharma, Ray Yin, is the Founder, President, and Chief Technology Officer of ANP. ~~During~~The Company incurred $368,000 and $1.9 million in expenses, in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, related to the licensing and development services and purchases of equipment and COVID-19 antigen rapid test kits. The Company incurred $120,000 and $280,000 in expenses in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, ~~the Company purchased a total~~respectively, for COVID-19 antigen rapid test kits. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $~~120,000~~255,000 and $~~280,000~~607,000, respectively, were owed to ANP ~~of COVID-19 antigen rapid tests kits, respectively.~~by the Company in connection with these relationships. The Company ~~did~~ also entered into an employee service agreement with ANP in April 2023, $no32,000~~t incur such expense~~ and $70,000 were recognized in the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2021. As~~2023, respectively, and $70,000 was owed by ANP in connection with the employee service agreement as of September 30, ~~2022 and December 31, 2021, $69,000~~ ~~and~~ ~~zero~~ ~~was owed to ANP by the Company in connection with this relationship.~~2023.

Note 14. Goodwill and Acquisition-Related Intangibles

Summaries of goodwill and intangibles balances assets as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


		September 30,			December 31,				September 30,			December 31,
	Weighted-Average Amortization Period	2022			2021			Weighted-Average Amortization Period	2023			2022
		(in thousands)							(in thousands)
Goodwill		$	120,313		$	50,897			$	141,844		$	143,027

In-process research & development								n/a	$	64,590		$	64,590

Royalty-free technology	10 Years	$	5,201		$	5,803		10 Years		5,071			5,364
Less: accumulated amortization			(737	)		(387	)			(1,225	)		(894	)
Royalty-free technology, net			4,464			5,416				3,846			4,470

Customer relationships	13 Years		82,715			28,845		13 Years		82,686			82,750
Less: accumulated amortization			(4,608	)		(1,125	)			(10,976	)		(6,215	)
Customer relationships, net			78,107			27,720				71,710			76,535

Trade name	8 Years		3,790			1,090		8 Years		3,790			3,790
Less: accumulated amortization			(288	)		(45	)			(782	)		(412	)
Trade name, net			3,502			1,045				3,008			3,378

In-place lease intangible assets	5 Years		360			—		5 Years		360			360
Less: accumulated amortization			(29	)		—				(99	)		(46	)
In-place lease intangible assets, net			331			—				261			314

Laboratory information system platform	5 Years		1,860			1,860		5 Years		1,860			1,860
Less: accumulated amortization			(434	)		(155	)			(806	)		(527	)
Laboratory information system platform, net			1,426			1,705				1,054			1,333

Purchased patent	10 Years		28			31		10 Years		27			29
Less: accumulated amortization			(5	)		(3	)			(7	)		(6	)
Purchased patent, net			23			28				20			23
Total intangible assets, net		$	87,853		$	35,914			$	144,489		$	150,643

Acquisition-related intangibles included in the above tables are generally finite-lived and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization, except for In-Process Research and Development, or IPR&D, which is related to a business combination in 2022 and has an indefinite life until research and development efforts are completed or abandoned. All other finite-lived acquisition-related intangibles related to the business combinations in 2022 and 2021 are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated lives, which approximates the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are expected to be realized.

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 are as follows:

Amounts

(in thousands)

Balance as of January 1, 2022

Goodwill
$
50,897

Accumulated impairment losses

—

50,897

Goodwill acquired during year

71,844

Net exchange differences

(2,428
)

Balance as of September 30, 2022

Goodwill

120,313

Accumulated impairment losses

—

$
120,313


	Amounts
	(in thousands)
Balance as of January 1, 2023
Goodwill	$	143,027
Accumulated impairment losses		—
		143,027

Net foreign currency exchange differences		(1,183	)

Balance as of September 30, 2023
Goodwill		141,844
Accumulated impairment losses		—
	$	141,844

Based on the carrying value of finite-lived intangible assets recorded as of September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, and assuming no subsequent impairment of the underlying assets, the annual amortization expense for intangible assets is expected to be as follows:


	Amounts		Amounts
	(in thousands)		(in thousands)
Year Ending December 31,
2022 (remaining 3 months)	$	1,960
2023		7,841
2023 (remaining 3 months)			$	1,955
2024		7,841		7,822
2025		7,841		7,822
2026		7,536		7,521
2027		7,209		7,196
2028				7,161
Thereafter		47,625		40,422
Total	$	87,853	$	79,899

Note ~~17.~~16. Subsequent Events

~~Fulgent Pharma Holdings Acquisition~~

On November 7, 2022, the Company entered into and completed its acquisition of Fulgent Pharma Holdings, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, or the Pharma Merger Agreement, by and among Fulgent Genetics, FG Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Fulgent Genetics, or Merger Sub, Fulgent Pharma Holdings, and solely for purposes of Section 2.4, Section 5.5, Article VI, Section 7.8 and Section 7.14 of the Pharma Merger Agreement, Mr. Hsieh and the Hsieh Trust. Under the terms of the Pharma Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Fulgent Pharma Holdings, or the Pharma Merger, with Fulgent Pharma Holdings being the surviving corporation following the Pharma Merger.

~~As consideration for the Pharma Merger, Fulgent Genetics paid an aggregate of approximately $100~~ ~~million in exchange for all of the outstanding equity interests of Fulgent Pharma Holdings, comprised of approximately $43.4~~ ~~million in cash, approximately $30.7~~ million in Fulgent Genetics’ common stock, or the Stock Consideration, subject to customary adjustments for closing cash, closing indebtedness, transaction expenses and other transaction matters. A portion of the Stock Consideration was held back for a duration of time after the closing of the transaction to satisfy certain indemnification obligations of the Pharma Stockholders as described in the Pharma Merger Agreement. In addition, restricted stock units to acquire shares of common stock of Fulgent Pharma Holdings held by Paul Kim, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, Jian Xie, the Company’s President and Chief Operating Officer, Hanlin Gao, the Company’s Chief Scientific Officer and other employees of the Company and consultants of Fulgent Pharma LLC were assumed by the Company and became restricted stock units to acquire ~~77,585~~, ~~129,309~~, ~~51,723~~, ~~117,398, and~~ ~~286,998~~ ~~shares of common stock of the Company, respectively, which have an approximate value of $25.9~~ ~~million. The restricted stock units are subject to vesting over the~~ ~~four-year~~ ~~period immediately following the date of their original grant, subject to the holder’s continuing service.~~

The Pharma Merger Agreement contains representations, warranties and covenants by the parties customary for a transaction of this nature. Breaches of representations and warranties are subject to customary indemnification provisions.

~~Stock Repurchase Program~~

~~Subsequent to September 30, 2022 and as of~~ October ~~31, 2022,~~2023, the Company repurchased ~~244,000~~533,000 shares of its common stock at an aggregate cost of $~~9.1~~13.7 million under the stock repurchase program approved in March 2022. See Note ~~16,~~ 15, Stock Repurchase Program.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this report. Additionally, pursuant to Instruction 2 to paragraph (b) of Item 303 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, in preparing this discussion and analysis, we presume that readers have access to and have read the discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations included in our annual report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022, filed with the ~~U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or~~ SEC on February 28, ~~2022,~~2023, or the ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report. As used in this discussion and analysis and elsewhere in this report, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “Fulgent,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Fulgent Genetics, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements are statements other than historical facts and relate to future events or circumstances or our future performance, and they are based on our current assumptions, expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effect on our business. The forward-looking statements in this discussion and analysis include statements about, among other things, our future financial and operating performance, our future cash flows and liquidity and our growth strategies, as well as anticipated trends in our business and industry. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including, among others, those described under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part I of the ~~2021~~2022 Annual ~~Report and under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part II of this Quarterly~~ Report. Moreover, we operate in a competitive and rapidly evolving industry and new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for us to predict all of the risks we may face, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors could cause actual results to differ from our expectations. In light of these risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking events and circumstances described in this discussion and analysis may not occur, and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those described in or implied by any forward-looking statements we make. Although we have based our forward-looking statements on assumptions and expectations we believe are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements or other future events. As a result, forward-looking statements should not be relied on or viewed as predictions of future events, and this discussion and analysis should be read with the understanding that actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different than our current expectations. The forward-looking statements in this discussion and analysis speak only as of the date of this report, and except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this report to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.

We are a ~~technology~~technology-based company ~~offering large-scale COVID-19 testing services,~~with a well-established clinical diagnostic business and a therapeutic development business. Our clinical diagnostic business offers molecular diagnostic testing services, ~~and~~ comprehensive genetic testing, and high-quality anatomic pathology laboratory services designed to provide physicians and patients with clinically actionable diagnostic information to improve the quality of patient care. ~~A cornerstone of our~~Our therapeutic development business is ~~our ability to provide expansive options and flexibility~~focused on developing drug candidates for ~~all clients’ unique testing needs. To this end, we have developed a proprietary technology platform allowing us to offer~~treating a broad range of cancers using a novel nanoencapsulation and ~~flexible test menu~~targeted therapy platform designed to improve the therapeutic window and pharmacokinetic profile of new and existing cancer drugs. We aim to continually expand and improve our proprietary genetic reference library, while maintaining accessible pricing, high accuracy and competitive turnaround times. Combining next generation sequencing, or NGS, with our technology platform, we perform full-gene sequencing with deletion/duplication analysis in single-gene tests; pre-established, multi-gene, disease-specific panels; and customized panels that can be tailored to meet specific customer needs.

~~Our technology platform, which integrates sophisticated data comparison and suppression algorithms, adaptive learning software, in comparison to our competitors advanced genetic diagnostics tools and~~transform from a genomic diagnostic business into a fully integrated laboratory processes, allows us to offer a test menu with expansive genetic coverage. We believe the comprehensive data output and high detection rates of our tests, both made possible by this expansive genetic coverage, provide physicians with information they can readily incorporate into treatment decisions for their patients, which we refer to as clinical actionability. In addition, our technology platform facilitates our ability to perform customized genetic tests using our expansive library of genes, and we believe this flexibility increases the utility of the genetic data we produce. Further, our technology platform provides us with operating efficiencies that help lower our internal costs, which allows us to offer our tests at accessible price points. As a result, our efforts to build and continually enhance our technology platform allow us to deliver comprehensive, adaptable, clinically actionable and affordable genetic analysis while maintaining a low cost per billable test, enabling us to efficiently meet the needs of our growing base of customers.

We offer tests at competitive prices, averaging approximately $100 per billable test delivered in the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and at a low cost to us, averaging approximately $36 per billable test delivered in the nine months ended September 30, 2022. We delivered approximately 952,000 and over 5.5 million billable tests in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared to approximately 2.2 million and over 7.5 million billable tests delivered in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. We recorded revenue and net income of $105.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively, in the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to revenue and net income of $227.9 million and $122.5 million, respectively, in three months ended September 30, 2021. We recorded revenue and net income of $551.3 million and $167.2 million, respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to revenue and net income of $740.9 million and $403.0 million, respectively, in nine months ended September 30, 2021. As of September 30, 2022, an aggregate of over 20.0 million billable tests have been delivered to over 3,000 customers since launching our first commercial genetic tests in 2013. We achieved profitability in the first half of 2017, and in the second and the third quarter of 2019, the second, third and fourth quarters of 2020, each quarter of 2021, and the first three quarters of 2022, but we have recorded losses in all other periods since our inception.

During the first three quarters of 2022, and for the entirety of the COVID-19 pandemic to such point, we continued to operate as an essential business in response to COVID-19. There has been strong demand for accurate COVID-19 testing with rapid turn-around times as private businesses, municipalities and healthcare providers began to increasingly rely on diagnostic testing to continue operations and as a tool to aide containment efforts, and as result we have recognized significant revenue growth in connection with sales of our COVID-19 tests. However, demand for our COVID-19 testing solutions has declined and we do expect demand to continue to decline when and as the pandemic recedes. The continuing market for COVID-19 diagnostic tests remains subject to a number of uncertainties, including uncertainties regarding the newly emerging viral variants, the success of global vaccine distribution efforts, the effectiveness of vaccines on new viral variants and customer and consumer preferences regarding the use of rapid testing. Our ability to continue to operate as currently planned, including our ability to continue to offer our COVID‑19 tests with accurate results and competitive turn-around times without any significant negative operational impact from the COVID-19 pandemic will depend in part on our, and any of our third‑party service providers’ and suppliers’ ability to protect our respective employees and supply chains.

The COVID-19 pandemic has not negatively impacted the Company’s liquidity position as of September 30, 2022, and in the first three quarters of 2022 and 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a negative impact on our consolidated operating results. We have not incurred any material impairments of our assets or a significant change in the fair value of our assets due to the COVID-19 pandemic as of September 30, 2022.

For additional information on risk factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic or other risks that could impact our results, please refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part I of the 2021 Annual Report and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part II of this Quarterly Report.precision medicine company.

Our business and prospects are exposed to numerous risks and uncertainties. For more information, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part I of the ~~2021~~2022 Annual ~~Report and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part II of this Quarterly~~ Report. In addition, our performance in any period is affected by a number of other factors. See the description of some of the material factors affecting our performance in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report.

The table below summarizes our results of our continuing operations for each of the periods ~~indicated.~~presented. For a financial overview relating to our results of operations, including general descriptions of the make-up of material line items of our statement of ~~income~~operation data, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report.


	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended								Three Months Ended									Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				$			%	September 30,				$			%	September 30,					$			%	September 30,					$			%
	2022		2021		Change			Change	2022		2021		Change			Change	2023			2022		Change			Change	2023			2022		Change			Change
Statement of Income Data:	(dollars and billable tests in thousands, except per billable test data)
Statement of Operation Data:																	(in thousands)
Revenue	$	105,655	$	227,868	$	(122,213	)	(54%)	$	551,264	$	740,913	$	(189,649	)	(26%)	$	84,687		$	105,655	$	(20,968	)	(20%)	$	218,708		$	551,264	$	(332,556	)	(60%)
Cost of revenue		59,560		43,466		16,094		37%		197,350		153,399		43,951		29%		44,843			59,560		(14,717	)	(25%)		139,481			197,350		(57,869	)	(29%)
Gross profit		46,095		184,402		(138,307	)	(75%)		353,914		587,514		(233,600	)	(40%)		39,844			46,095		(6,251	)	(14%)		79,227			353,914		(274,687	)	(78%)
Operating expenses:
Research and development		7,507		6,021		1,486		25%		20,401		16,755		3,646		22%		10,014			7,507		2,507		33%		29,488			20,401		9,087		45%
Selling and marketing		9,859		6,012		3,847		64%		28,665		16,239		12,426		77%		10,161			9,859		302		3%		30,967			28,665		2,302		8%
General and administrative		26,266		12,299		13,967		114%		82,281		28,630		53,651		187%		17,498			26,266		(8,768	)	(33%)		57,293			82,281		(24,988	)	(30%)
Amortization of intangible assets		2,006		797		1,209		152%		4,487		797		3,690		463%		1,957			2,006		(49	)	(2%)		5,887			4,487		1,400		31%
Restructuring costs		105		—		105		*		3,001		—		3,001		*		—			105		(105	)	(100%)		—			3,001		(3,001	)	(100%)
Total operating expenses		45,743		25,129		20,614		82%		138,835		62,421		76,414		122%		39,630			45,743		(6,113	)	(13%)		123,635			138,835		(15,200	)	(11%)
Operating income		352		159,273		(158,921	)	(100%)		215,079		525,093		(310,014	)	(59%)
Operating income (loss)																		214			352		(138	)	(39%)		(44,408	)		215,079		(259,487	)	(121%)
Interest and other income, net		1,405		496		909		183%		2,408		1,382		1,026		74%		6,646			1,405		5,241		373%		15,519			2,408		13,111		544%
Income before income taxes and gain on equity method investment		1,757		159,769		(158,012	)	(99%)		217,487		526,475		(308,988	)	(59%)
Income (loss) before income taxes																		6,860			1,757		5,103		290%		(28,889	)		217,487		(246,376	)	(113%)
Provision for income taxes		414		37,545		(37,131	)	(99%)		51,488		127,647		(76,159	)	(60%)		20,326			414		19,912		4,810%		12,016			51,488		(39,472	)	(77%)
Income before gain on equity method investment		1,343		122,224		(120,881	)	(99%)		165,999		398,828		(232,829	)	(58%)
Gain on equity method investment		—		—		—		*		—		3,734		(3,734	)	(100%)
Net income from consolidated operations		1,343		122,224		(120,881	)	(99%)		165,999		402,562		(236,563	)	(59%)
Net (loss) income from consolidated operations																		(13,466	)		1,343		(14,809	)	(1,103%)		(40,905	)		165,999		(206,904	)	(125%)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		376		298		78		26%		1,236		463		773		167%		359			376		(17	)	(5%)		1,229			1,236		(7	)	(1%)
Net income attributable to Fulgent	$	1,719	$	122,522	$	(120,803	)	(99%)	$	167,235	$	403,025	$	(235,790	)	(59%)

Other Operating Data:
Billable tests delivered(1)		952		2,177		(1,225	)	(56%)		5,511		7,510		(1,999	)	(27%)
Average price per billable test delivered(2)	$	111	$	105	$	6		6%	$	100	$	99	$	1		1%
Cost per billable test delivered(3)	$	63	$	20	$	43		215%	$	36	$	20	$	16		80%
Net (loss) income attributable to Fulgent																	$	(13,107	)	$	1,719	$	(14,826	)	(862%)	$	(39,676	)	$	167,235	$	(206,911	)	(124%)

(1) We determine the number of billable tests delivered in a period by counting the number of tests which are delivered to our customers and for which we bill our customers and recognize some amount of revenue in the period.

(2) We calculate the average price per billable test delivered by dividing the amount of revenue we recognized from the billable tests delivered in a period by the number of billable tests delivered in the same period.

~~(3) We calculate cost per billable test delivered by dividing our cost of revenue in a period by the number of billable tests delivered in the same period.~~

Revenue decreased ~~$122.2~~$21.0 million, or ~~54%~~20%, from ~~$227.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 to~~ $105.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 ~~and decreased $189.6 million, or 26%, from $740.9~~to $84.7 million in the ~~nine~~three months ended September 30, ~~2021 to~~2023, and decreased $332.6 million, or 60%, from $551.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022.~~2022 to $218.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decreases in revenue between periods were primarily due to ~~decreases in the number of billable tests delivered, primarily related to~~ decreased orders for our COVID-19 tests.

The average price of the billable tests we delivered increased from $105 in the three months ended September 30, 2021 to $111 in the three months ended September 30, 2022, and increased from $99 in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to $100 in the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The change in average price between periods was due to the mix of tests delivered and the mix of customers ordering tests in these periods, who may order tests at different rates depending on the arrangements we have negotiated with them.

Revenue from non-U.S. sources ~~decreased $43,000,~~increased $1.6 million, or 1%38%, from ~~$4.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 to~~ $4.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $5.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, and increased ~~$634,000,~~$4.2 million, or 6%40%, from ~~$9.8~~$10.5 million in nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 to ~~$10.5~~$14.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022.~~2023. The ~~changes~~increase in revenue from non-U.S. sources between periods were primarily due to ~~timing of~~increased sales of ~~core~~our traditional genetic testing services to customers in China ~~and other non-US countries.~~

~~The number of billable tests we delivered decreased 1.2 million, from 2.2 million~~through our joint venture in the three months ended September 30, 2021 to 952,000 in the three months ended September 30, 2022, and decreased 2.0 million, from 7.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to 5.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease of COVID-19 tests.China.

After aggregating customers that are under common control or affiliation, one customer contributed 14% and 11% of the Company’s revenue in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. A different customer contributed 13% and 21%, of the Company’s revenue in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Two customers contributed 31% and 11%, respectively, of the Company’s revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and one customer contributed 26% of the Company’s revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Cost of revenue ~~increased $16.1~~decreased $14.7 million, or ~~37%~~25%, from ~~$43.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 to~~ $59.6 million in the three months ended September 30, ~~2022.~~2022 to $44.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023. The ~~increase~~decrease was primarily due to ~~increases~~decreases of ~~$15.5 million in personnel costs including equity-based compensation expense primarily from the acquisition of Inform Diagnostics,~~ $4.3 million in depreciation expenses, ~~related to medical lab equipment purchased and depreciation expense from Inform Diagnostics, $2.3~~$3.4 million in ~~allocated facility~~reagent and supply expenses, ~~and $1.3 million in shipping and handling expense from Inform Diagnostics, and partially offset by decreases of $6.2 million in reagents and supplies, $1.3~~$3.3 million in consulting and outside labor costs, $726,000 in payroll expenses, $553,000 in shipping expenses, and ~~$660,000~~$420,000 in external customer engagement platform expense related to the decreased ~~billable~~ tests delivered and orders for our COVID-19 tests, and $1.1 million in allocated facility expense.

Cost of revenue ~~increased $44.0~~decreased $57.9 million, or 29%, from ~~$153.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to~~ $197.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022.~~2022 to $139.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The ~~increase~~decrease was primarily due to ~~increases~~decreases of $33.8 million in personnel costs including equity-based compensation expense primarily from Inform Diagnostics acquired in current year, $9.9 million in depreciation expenses related to medical lab equipment purchased and depreciation expense from Inform Diagnostics, $7.8$30.8 million in consulting and outside labor costs for production, ~~$4.7 million in allocated facility expenses, and $1.6 million in shipping and handling expense from Inform Diagnostics, and partially offset by decreases of $12.2~~$23.9 million in reagent and supply expenses, $9.3 million in depreciation expenses, $2.2 million in shipping expenses, $1.1 million in meals provided to production teams during pandemic and ~~$3.7 million~~other travel expense, and $856,000 in external customer engagement platform expense related to the decreased ~~billable~~ tests ~~delivered.~~delivered and orders for our COVID-19 tests, $1.6 million in allocated facility expense, $750,000 in change in gain or loss on disposal of fixed assets, $663,000 in office and computer expenses, and $334,000 in other state tax, and partially offset by an increase of $13.8 million in personnel costs including equity-based compensation expense related to an entity acquired in the second quarter of 2022.

Cost per billable test delivered increased $43, or 215%, from $20 in the three months ended September 30, 2021 to $63 in the three months ended September 30, 2022, and increased $16, or 80%, from $20 in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to $36 in the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in cost per billable tests was primarily due to the mix of tests we delivered in 2022 and different cost structure of Inform Diagnostics.

Our gross profit decreased ~~$138.3~~$6.3 million, from ~~$184.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 to~~ $46.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 ~~and decreased $233.6 million, from $587.5~~to $39.8 million in the ~~nine~~three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2023. The decrease in gross profit was primarily due to the decrease in revenue from our COVID-19 tests. Our gross profit as a percentage of revenue, or gross margin, increased from 43.6% to 47.0% due to changes in product mix and revenue recognized for COVID-19 tests completed in prior periods.

Our gross profit decreased $274.7 million, from $353.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022.~~2022 to $79.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in gross profit was primarily due to the decrease in revenue from our COVID-19 tests. Our gross profit as a percentage of revenue, or gross margin, decreased from ~~80.9%~~64.2% to ~~43.6% between three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022, and decreased from 79.3% to 64.2% between nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022,~~36.2% due to ~~the decrease~~changes in ~~revenue and increases in our cost per billable test and cost of revenue for reasons described above.~~product mix.

Research and development expenses increased ~~$1.5~~$2.5 million, or ~~25%~~33%, from ~~$6.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 to~~ $7.5 million in the three months ended September 30, ~~2022.~~2022 to $10.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase was primarily due to increases of ~~$2.0~~$1.6 million in personnel costs including equity-based compensation expense related to increased headcount and ~~partially offset by a decrease~~equity awards granted post the second quarter of ~~$604,000~~2022, and $584,000 in reagent and supply expenses related to ~~decreased~~increased reagent usage for research.

Research and development expenses increased ~~$3.6~~$9.1 million, or ~~22%~~45%, from ~~$16.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to~~ $20.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022.~~2022 to $29.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase was primarily due to increases of ~~$5.0~~$7.2 million in personnel costs including equity-based compensation expense related to increased headcount and ~~partially offset by decreases~~equity awards granted post the second quarter of ~~$1.1 million~~2022, $681,000 in consulting and outside labor costs, and $611,000 in reagent and supply expenses related to ~~decreased~~increased reagent usage for ~~research and $750,000 in donations to COVID-19 research fund and colorectal cancer research made in the prior period.~~research.

Selling and marketing expenses ~~increased $3.8~~were relatively consistent between periods at $10.2 million ~~or 64% from $6.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 to~~and $9.9 million in the three months ended September 30, ~~2022.~~2023 and 2022, respectively.

Selling and marketing expenses increased $2.3 million, or 8% from $28.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $31.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase was primarily due to increases of ~~$2.5~~$2.1 million in software expense, and $1.2 million related to allocated facility expenses, and partially offset by a decrease of $2.0 million in consulting and outside labor costs.

General and administrative expenses decreased $8.8 million, or 33%, from $26.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $17.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $8.9 million in provisions for credit losses.

General and administrative expenses decreased $25.0 million, or 30%, from $82.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $57.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to decreases of $29.6 million in provision for credit losses, $5.2 million in acquisition related costs incurred in the prior period, $2.3 million in legal and professional fees, and $1.7 million in licenses and permits, partially offset by increases of $5.4 million in personnel costs including equity-based compensation expense related to ~~increased headcount, and $1.2 million in software expense from Inform Diagnostics.~~

~~Selling and marketing expenses increased $12.4 million, or 77% from $16.2 million~~entity acquired in the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2021 to $28.7 million in~~second quarter of 2022 and equity awards granted post the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to increases~~second quarter of $7.9 million in personnel costs including equity-based compensation expense related to increased headcount, $2.3 million in software expense from Inform Diagnostics acquired in current year, $1.2 million in consulting and outside labor related to marketing projects in the current period, $775,000 in travel expense from Inform Diagnostics acquired in current year, and $587,000 in commission expense from Inform Diagnostics acquired in current year.

General and administrative expenses increased $14.0 million, or 114% from $12.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 to $26.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to increases of $5.7 million in personnel costs including equity-based compensation expense related to increased headcount, $5.2 million in additional provision for credit losses, $1.42022, $4.5 million related to allocated facility expense, ~~$1.1 million in license~~ and permit expense from Inform Diagnostics acquired in current year, $808,000 in legal and professional fees primarily related to general corporate matters, $798,000 in accounting fees related to financial statement and internal control audits, and $670,000 in depreciation expense from Inform Diagnostics acquired in current year and $604,000 in business insurance expenses, and partially offset by a decrease of $2.5 million in consulting cost related to the acquisition in the prior period.

General and administrative expenses increased $53.7 million, or 187% from $28.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to $82.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to $20.7 million in additional provision for credit losses, increases of $15.0 million in personnel costs including equity-based compensation expense related to increased headcount, $4.1 million in acquisition related costs related to Inform Diagnostics acquired in current year, $3.8 million in legal and professional fees primarily related to general corporate matters, $2.4 million related to allocated facility expense, $2.1 million in license and permit expense from Inform Diagnostics acquired in current year, $1.9 million in business insurance expense, $1.8 million in accounting fees related to financial statement and internal control audits, and $1.1$3.5 million in depreciation ~~expense from Inform Diagnostics acquired in current year.~~expense.

Amortization of intangible assets represents amortization expenses on the intangible assets ~~arising~~arose from the business combinations in 2022 and 2021 and a patent purchased ~~patent.~~in 2021. Amortization expenses were $2.0 million ~~and $797,000~~ in the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, and ~~$4.5~~$5.9 million and ~~$797,000~~$4.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

Restructuring expenses represent one-time employee termination benefits provided to employees associated with an entity ~~newly~~ acquired ~~that are~~by the Company who were involuntarily ~~terminated. Expenses were $105,000 and zero~~terminated in the ~~three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $3.0 million and zero in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.~~prior period.

~~Net~~Interest and other income, net, is primarily comprised of net interest income (expenses), which was $6.4 million and $1.5 million ~~and $443,000~~ in the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, and ~~$2.3~~$15.2 million and ~~$1.2~~$2.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. This interest income (expense) related to interest earned on various investments in marketable securities including realized and holding gain (loss) on marketable equity securities, net of interest expenses incurred for our notes payable and margin loan.

~~Other income (expense) was not significant~~ The increase is primarily due to increases in interest rates on investments relative to the three or nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The primary components of other income (expense) were rental income net of rental expenses and foreign currency exchange gain (loss).prior comparative periods.

Provision for income taxes ~~were~~was $20.3 million and $12.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $414,000 and $51.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, ~~respectively,~~respectively. The effective tax rate was 296% and ~~$37.5 million~~24% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and ~~$127.6 million~~2022, respectively. The effective tax rate was (42%) and 24% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The change in the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2021, respectively. The effective tax rate~~2023, relative to 2022, was ~~24% for~~due to the establishment, in the three months ended September 30, 2023, of a valuation allowance on the Company's net deferred tax assets. FASB ASC 740 requires that deferred income tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The Company has evaluated the realizability of any of its deferred tax assets and has concluded that it is more likely than not that the Company may not realize benefit of its deferred tax assets, primarily as a result of operating losses in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, and, ~~23% and 24% for the three and nine months ended~~accordingly, has provided a full valuation allowance at September 30, ~~2021, respectively.~~2023.

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest represents net loss attributable to the minority shareholders from entities not wholly owned.

We had ~~$918.0~~$851.5 million and ~~$935.5~~$852.9 million in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Our marketable securities primarily consist of ~~corporate bonds, municipal bonds, and~~ U.S. government and U.S. agency debt securities, U.S. treasury bills, corporate bonds, municipal bonds, and Yankee debt securities as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Our primary uses of cash are to fund our operations and to fund strategic acquisitions as we continue to invest in and seek to grow our business. Cash used to fund operating expenses is impacted by the timing of our expense payments, as reflected in the changes in our outstanding accounts payable and accrued expenses.

We believe our existing cash, cash equivalent, and short-term marketable securities ~~along with cash from operations,~~ will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements for at least the next 12 months. Cash provided by operations ~~has~~ significantly contributed to our ability to meet our liquidity needs, including paying for capital expenditures, and we anticipate that cash from our operations will continue to play a meaningful role in our ability to meet our liquidity requirements and pursue our business plans and strategies during the next 12 months and in the longer term.

expenditures. However, ~~our expectations regarding the cash that may be provided by our operations and our cash needs in future periods could turn out to be wrong. For instance,~~ cash provided by our operations ~~has in the past experienced fluctuations~~fluctuates from period to period, which we expect may continue in the future. These fluctuations can occur because of a variety of factors, including, among others, factors relating to the ~~ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, including~~ demand for our ~~COVID-19~~ tests, the amount and timing of sales, ~~of billable tests,~~ the prices we charge for our tests due to changes in product mix, customer mix, general price degradation for tests, ~~funding of government programs from which we receive government funding,~~ or other factors, the rate and timing of our billing and collections cycles and the timing and amount of our commitments and other payments. Moreover, even if our liquidity expectations are correct, we may still seek to raise additional capital through securities offerings, credit facilities or other debt financings, asset sales or collaborations or licensing arrangements.

If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our existing stockholders could experience substantial dilution. Additionally, any preferred stock we issue could provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of our common stock, and our issuance of any additional equity securities, or the possibility of such an issuance, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. The terms of any debt securities we issue or borrowings we incur, if available, could impose significant restrictions on our operations, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt or issue additional equity or other restrictions that could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business, and would result in increased fixed payment obligations. If we seek to sell assets or enter into collaborations or licensing arrangements to raise capital, we may be required to accept unfavorable terms or relinquish or license to a third party our rights to important or valuable technologies or tests we may otherwise seek to develop ourselves. Moreover, we may incur substantial costs in pursuing future capital, including investment banking, legal and accounting fees, printing and distribution expenses, and other similar costs. Additional funding may not be available to us when needed, on acceptable terms or at all. If we are not able to secure funding if and when needed and on reasonable terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope

of, or eliminate one or more sales and marketing initiatives, research and development programs, or other growth plans or strategies. In addition, we may be forced to work with a partner on one or more aspects of our tests or market development programs, or initiatives, which could lower the economic value to us of these tests, programs or initiatives. Any such outcome could significantly harm our business, performance, and prospects.

The following table summarizes our cash flows for each of the periods indicated:

Cash provided by operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $12.1 million. The difference between net loss and cash provided in operating activities for the period was primarily due to the effects of $31.5 million in equity-based compensation expenses, $19.6 million in depreciation and amortization, $11.0 million in deferred taxes, and $4.9 million in noncash lease expense, partially offset by negative impact of $4.3 million in provisions for credit loss and $2.4 million in amortization of discount on marketable securities. Changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisted of decreases of $7.0 million in accounts payable related to the timing of payments, $4.8 million in operating lease liabilities, and an increase of $2.9 million in other current and long-term assets, partially offset by a decrease of $7.6 million in trade accounts receivable due to the timing of collections.

Cash provided by operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $220.3 million. The difference between net income and cash provided by operating activities for the period was primarily due to the effects of $25.3 million in provision for credit losses, $22.9 million in ~~the~~ depreciation and amortization, $22.6 million in equity-based compensation expenses, $4.2 million in amortization of premium of marketable securities, $3.3 million in noncash lease expense, $1.1 million in unrecognized tax benefits, and partially offset by a negative impact of $4.9 million increased deferred tax assets. Cash used in operating activities decreased between periods primarily due to decreases of $32.3 million in accounts payable related to timing of payments, $12.9 million in accrued ~~liabilities~~expenses and other liabilities, $3.3 million in operating and finance lease liabilities, and partially offset by decreases of $24.2 million in trade accounts receivable due to timing of collections and $3.7 million in other current and long-term assets primarily reagents and supplies and prepaid expenses.

Cash provided by ~~operating~~investing activities in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2023 was ~~$461.5 million. The difference between net income and cash provided by operating activities for the period was~~$14.6 million, which primarily ~~due to the effects~~represents proceeds of ~~$10.9~~$376.9 million ~~in equity-based compensation expenses and $7.5 million in the depreciation and amortization. Cash provided by operating activities increased between periods primarily due to a decrease~~from maturities of $65.0 million in trade receivable due to timing of payments, an increase of $40.9 million in customer deposit due to payments received from customer in excess of their outstanding trade accounts receivable balances,marketable securities, partially offset by ~~the negative impact~~$343.6 million for purchases of ~~decreases~~marketable securities and $19.1 million for purchases of $35.4 million in income tax payable due to the estimated tax payments made during the current period, $18.7 million in contract liabilities due to the timing of payments, $9.0 million in accounts payable due to the timing of payments, and an increase of $2.1 million in other current and long-termfixed assets, ~~related to additions in reagents and supplies.~~

Cash used in investing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $168.7 million, which primarily related to $257.3 million on purchase of marketable securities and $137.8 million payment related to acquisition of Inform Diagnostics, $15.0 million purchase of preferred stock of a privately held company, purchases of $14.1 million of fixed assets, and $10.0 million contingent consideration payment made in current period related to a business acquisition in 2021, and partially offset by proceeds of $133.4 million from sale of marketable securities and $131.7 million related to maturities of marketable securities.

Cash used in ~~investing~~financing activities in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2023 was ~~$406.3~~$21.8 million, which primarily related to ~~purchases~~$15.0 million repayment to the margin loan account, $2.4 million repayment to the notes payable, $2.2 million repurchase of ~~$523.9~~common stock, and $1.6 million of marketable securities, $61.9 million related to business acquisitions, and the purchase of $17.8 million of fixed assets consisting mainly of medical laboratory equipment and building construction, partially offset by proceeds of $155.8 million related to sales of marketable securities and $61.5 million related to maturities of marketable securities.

Cash used in financing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $47.5 million, which primarily related to $45.3 million repurchase of common stock and $1.5 million related to common stock withholding for employee tax obligations.

Cash provided by financing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $72.3 million, which primarily represents net proceeds from that certain equity distribution agreement, dated as of November 20, 2020.25

In March 2022, ~~our~~the Board authorized a $250.0 million stock repurchase program. ~~The stock repurchase program has no expiration from the date of authorization.~~ Under the stock repurchase program, the Company may repurchase shares from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The stock repurchase program has no expiration from the date of authorization.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we repurchased 80,000 shares common stock at an aggregate cost of $2.2 million under the stock repurchase program. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we repurchased ~~approximately $34.7 million and $45.3 million, respectively,~~780,000 shares of our common stock ~~under~~at an aggregate cost of $34.7 million, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we repurchased 995,000 shares of our common stock ~~repurchase programs.~~at an aggregate cost of $45.3 million. As of September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, a total of approximately ~~$204.7~~$173.5 million remained available for future repurchases of our common stock under our stock repurchase ~~programs.~~program.

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies or estimates from the information provided in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of ~~Operations”,~~Operations,” included in the ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report.

See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report for information about recent accounting pronouncements.

We did not have during the periods presented, and do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

~~Not required.~~For quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” in our 2022 Annual Report.

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, ~~2022.~~2023. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

There have not been any changes in our internal control (as required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act) over the financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well-designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. Because of these inherent limitations, our disclosure and internal controls may not prevent or detect all instances of fraud, misstatements or other control issues. In addition, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of disclosure or internal controls to future periods are subject to risks, including, among others, that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.

From time to time, we may be involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business.

On September 20, 2022, the Company and two of its executive officers were named as defendants in a putative class action complaint filed in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California (Case No. 2:22-cv-06764) on behalf of individuals who purchased or otherwise acquired the Company’s securities between March 22, 2019 and August 4, 2022. The Complaint asserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 based on allegations that the Company and certain of its executive officers made false and/or misleading statements and/or failed to disclose laboratory testing, billing for laboratory testing, and remuneration received or provided that purportedly violated the Anti-Kickback Statute and Stark Law, and purportedly are the subject of the CID discussed As disclosed in Note 8,, Debt, Commitments and Contingencies to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, we are engaged in certain legal investigations, and the disclosure set forth in Note 8 relating to these certain legal matters is incorporated herein by reference.~~, of our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report. The Complaint seeks recovery of unspecified damages, interest, costs, attorneys’ fees and other relief.~~

The ~~Company denies Plaintiffs’ allegations and intends to vigorously defend this matter. However, given the preliminary stage of the lawsuit, the uncertainty~~outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain, and ~~the legal standards~~there can be no assurances that ~~must~~favorable outcome will be ~~met for success on the merits, the Company cannot predict the outcome at this time or estimate a reasonably possible loss or range of loss that may result from this action.~~obtained.

Regardless of outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us due to defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, negative publicity and reputational harm, among other factors.

~~Except as set forth below and in the Company’s Quarterly Report on form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 filed with the SEC on August 4, 2022, there~~There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of the ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report.

~~Fulgent Pharma Holdings’ therapeutic candidates are in early stages of development and may fail or suffer delays that materially and adversely affect their future commercial viability.~~

Fulgent Pharma Holdings is early in its development efforts, with only one therapeutic candidate having entered clinical trials (FID-007). Generally, before obtaining marketing approval for the commercial distribution of therapeutic candidates, Fulgent Pharma Holdings must conduct preclinical tests and clinical trials to demonstrate sufficient safety and efficacy of its therapeutic candidates in patients. Failure can occur at any time during the development or clinical trial process and Fulgent Pharma's future clinical trial results may not be successful. As a result, we may not have, or we may deem it imprudent to use, additional financial resources to continue development of a therapeutic candidate if there are issues that delay or prevent marketing approval of, or ability to commercialize, Fulgent Pharma's therapeutic candidates, including:

The therapeutic candidates Fulgent Pharma Holdings pursues or has pursued may not demonstrate the necessary safety or efficacy requirements for marketing approval. Further, a clinical trial may be suspended or terminated by the company, the institutional review boards, or IRBs, of the institutions in which such trials are being conducted, the Data Safety Monitoring Board, or DSMB, for such trial or by the FDA or other regulatory authorities due to a number of factors, including failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements or our clinical protocols, inspection of the clinical trial operations or trial site by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold, unforeseen safety issues or adverse side effects, failure to demonstrate a benefit from using an investigational drug, changes in governmental regulations, administrative actions or lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial. Clinical holds may be placed prior to a clinical trial even beginning, in order to address potential safety and risk concerns of regulatory authorities, and partial or complete clinical holds can be imposed at any time during a trial. Furthermore, while Fulgent Pharma Holdings performs certain similar functions internally, we expect it to rely on contract research organizations, or CROs, and clinical trial sites to ensure proper and timely conduct of our clinical trials and while we expect it to enter into agreements governing those CROs’ committed activities we and Fulgent Pharma Holdings have limited influence over their actual performance.

If there are delays in the completion of, or termination of, any clinical trial of therapeutic candidates, the commercial prospects of those therapeutic candidates may be harmed. In addition, any delays in completing clinical trials will increase costs, slow down product development and approval processes, and jeopardize the ability to commence product sales and generate revenue. Any of these occurrences may materially and adversely affect our or Fulgent Pharma Holdings' business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of therapeutic candidates.

Any therapeutic product candidate that Fulgent Pharma Holdings may attempt to develop, manufacture or market in the United States will be subject to extensive regulation by the FDA, including regulations relating to development, preclinical testing, performance of clinical trials, manufacturing and post-approval commercialization. Preclinical testing, clinical trials and manufacturing, among other activities, will be subjected to an extensive review process before a new therapeutic product may be sold in the United States. Satisfaction of these and other regulatory requirements is costly, time consuming, uncertain and subject to unanticipated delays. The time required to obtain FDA approval, and any other required approvals for pharmaceutical products, including any accelerated approval, is unpredictable but typically requires years to several years and may never be obtained.

Any product that Fulgent Pharma Holdings may wish to develop, manufacture or market in countries other than the United States will also be subject to numerous foreign regulatory requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, manufacturing and marketing, pricing and third-party reimbursement among other things in such countries. The foreign marketing approval process includes all of the risks and uncertainties associated with FDA approval described above as well as risks attributable to the satisfaction of local regulations in such foreign jurisdictions.

In particular, obtaining marketing approval for pharmaceutical products requires the submission of extensive preclinical and clinical data and supporting information to regulatory authorities for each therapeutic indication to establish the product candidate’s safety and efficacy. Securing marketing approval also typically requires the submission of information about the product manufacturing process, and in many cases the inspection of manufacturing, processing, and packaging facilities by the regulatory authorities. Our product candidates may not be effective, may be only moderately effective or may prove to have undesirable or unintended side effects, toxicities or other characteristics that may preclude our obtaining marketing approval or prevent or limit commercial use, or there may be deficiencies in manufacturing compliance by Fulgent Pharma Holdings or by its contract manufacturing organizations that could result in the candidate not being approved. Moreover, neither we nor Fulgent Pharma Holdings have obtained marketing approval for any therapeutic candidate in any jurisdiction and it is possible that none of our existing therapeutic candidates or any therapeutic candidates we may seek to develop in the future will ever obtain marketing approval.

~~Therapeutic candidates could fail to receive, or could be delayed in receiving, marketing approval for many reasons, including any one or more of the following:~~

It is possible that none of the therapeutic candidates we or Fulgent Pharma Holdings may develop will obtain the marketing approvals necessary for us or our collaborators to sell the products either in the United States or any other country. Furthermore, approval by the FDA of a therapeutic product does not assure approval by regulatory authorities outside the United States or vice versa. Even if approval for a therapeutic product is obtained, such approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses or appropriate patient population that could result in a significantly reduced potential market size for the product.

Fulgent Pharma Holdings expects to utilize the FDA’s Section 505(b)(2) pathway for most of its product candidates developed using its nano-drug delivery platform technology, and if that pathway is not available, the development of such product candidates will likely take significantly longer, cost significantly more and entail significantly greater complexity and risk than currently anticipated, and, in any case, may not be successful.

Fulgent Pharma Holdings intends to develop and seek approval for its product candidates developed using its nano-drug delivery platform technology, including FID-007 and other candidates it may develop, pursuant to the FDA’s 505(b)(2) pathway. If the FDA determines that it may not use this regulatory pathway, then it would need to seek regulatory approval via a “full” or “stand-alone” new drug application, or NDA, under Section 505(b)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA. This would require Fulgent Pharma Holdings to conduct additional clinical trials, provide additional safety and efficacy data and other information, and meet additional standards for regulatory approval, including possibly nonclinical data. If this were to occur, the time and financial resources required to obtain FDA approval, as well as the development complexity and risk associated with these programs, would likely substantially increase, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

The Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, informally known as the Hatch-Waxman Act, added Section 505(b)(2) to the FDCA. Section 505(b)(2) permits the filing of an NDA where at least some of the information required for approval comes from studies and information that were not conducted by or for the applicant and for which the applicant has not obtained a right of reference. Section 505(b)(2), if applicable to Fulgent Pharma Holdings under the FDCA, would allow an NDA it submits to the FDA to rely in part on data in the public domain or the FDA’s prior conclusions regarding the safety and effectiveness of approved compounds, which could expedite the development program for FID-007, its lead product candidate.

Notwithstanding the approval of an increasing number of products by the FDA under Section 505(b)(2) over the last few years, certain brand-name pharmaceutical companies and others have objected to the FDA’s interpretation of Section 505(b)(2). If the FDA’s interpretation of Section 505(b)(2) is successfully challenged, or Congress were to amend the statute to alter the currently available regulatory pathway, the FDA may change its 505(b)(2) policies and practices, which could delay or even prevent the FDA from approving any NDA Fulgent Pharma Holdings submits under Section 505(b)(2). In addition, the pharmaceutical industry is highly competitive, and Section 505(b)(2) NDAs are subject to special requirements designed to protect the patent rights of sponsors of previously approved drugs referenced in a Section 505(b)(2) NDA. Even if Fulgent Pharma Holdings is able to utilize the Section 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway for one or more of its candidates, there is no guarantee this would ultimately lead to faster product development or earlier approval.

Moreover, any delay resulting from Fulgent Pharma Holdings’ inability to pursue the FDA's 505(b)(2) pathway could result in new competitive products reaching the market more quickly than its product candidates, which may have a material adverse impact on its competitive position and prospects. Even if Fulgent Pharma Holdings is allowed to pursue the FDA's 505(b)(2) pathway, we cannot assure you that its product candidates will receive the requisite approvals for commercialization.

~~On November 7, 2022, we completed the Pharma Merger pursuant to which the Company paid an aggregate~~Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of approximately $100 million in exchange for all of the outstanding equity interests of Fulgent Pharma Holdings, comprised of approximately $43.3 million in cash and approximately $30.7 million in shares of our common stock, or the Stock Consideration. The Stock Consideration (or 786,987 shares of common stock) was issued in reliance upon an exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.Equity Securities.

To date, we have used ~~$43.9~~$121.7 million of the net proceeds from sales of our common stock, of which, $4.5 million was used for contributions to FF Gene Biotech, prior to the FF Gene Biotech acquisition, ~~and $39.4~~$101.4 million was used to fund the Company’s ~~operations.~~operations and a business combination, and $15.8 million was used to pay off the investment margin loan. All other net proceeds from sales of our common stock are invested in investment-grade and interest-bearing securities, such as ~~corporate bonds, municipal bonds, and~~ U.S. government and U.S. agency debt ~~securities.~~securities, corporate bonds, and municipal bonds. There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from the sales of our common stock from that described in the Prospectus.

The Company repurchased 80,000 shares common stock during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The number of shares of common stock repurchased by the Company ~~during the nine months ended September 30, 2022~~ and the average price paid per share are as follows:

(1) Includes commissions for the shares repurchased under the stock repurchase program.

~~Committee Composition~~On October 30, 2023, in accordance with Rule 10D-1 of the Exchange Act, the Board approved the Company’s Amended and Restated Incentive Compensation Recoupment Policy, which allows the Company to recoup certain executive compensation in the event of an accounting restatement resulting from material noncompliance with financial reporting requirements under federal securities laws. The Amended and Restated Incentive Compensation Recoupment Policy has been filed as Exhibit 10.1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

On ~~November 1, 2022,~~October 30, 2023, the ~~board of directors~~Compensation Committee of the ~~Company appointed Dr. Michael Nohaile as~~Board (the “Compensation Committee”) approved the ~~chair of~~Company’s Amended and Restated Executive Officer Incentive Plan (the “Amended and Restated Incentive Plan”). The Amended and Restated Incentive Plan amended the ~~audit committee, and reconstituted~~original Executive Officer Incentive Plan to permit the administrator to, in its ~~committees as set indicated in the chart below:~~

~~As described in Note 17,~~ ~~Subsequent Events~~, of our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report (which is hereby incorporated into this item by reference), on November 7, 2022, we completed the acquisition of Fulgent Pharma Holdings. The Pharma Merger Agreement contained representations, warranties and covenants by the parties customary for a transaction of this nature. Breaches of representations and warranties are subject to customary indemnification provisions.discretion, make certain

A special committee comprised of independent members of Fulgent Genetics’ board of directors was established to review this transaction. In consultation with its independent financial and legal advisors, the special committee recommended the board of directors approve the Fulgent Pharma acquisition. The special committee was advised by First Principles Advisory Group and, Cooley

payments in the ~~transaction by Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C., and Procopio, Cory, Hargreaves & Savitch LLP acted as legal counsel to Fulgent Pharma.~~

form of equity awards. The ~~descriptions~~foregoing summary of the ~~Pharma Merger, the Pharma Merger Agreement~~Amended and ~~the assumed restricted stock unit agreements are quailed~~Restated Incentive Plan does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in ~~their~~its entirety by, the full text of the ~~Form of Notice of Restricted Stock Unit Award~~Amended and ~~Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Fulgent Pharma Holdings, Inc. 2022 Omnibus~~Restated Incentive Plan, ~~and Pharma Merger Agreement~~a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 10.2 to this Quarterly Report ~~as Exhibits 10.2~~on Form 10-Q and ~~10.3, respectively.~~incorporated herein by reference.

The information required by this Item 6 is set forth on the Exhibit Index that immediately precedes the signature page to this report and is incorporated herein by reference.

# Certain exhibits and schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Company hereby undertakes to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted exhibit or schedule upon request by the SEC.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


Delaware	81-2621304
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

~~4978~~4399 Santa Anita Avenue ~~Temple City~~El Monte, CA	~~91780~~91731
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	FLGT	The Nasdaq Stock Market (Nasdaq Global Market)


	Page
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION	1
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~Income~~Operations	2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2520
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	3226
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	3226
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION	3428
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	3428
Item 1A. Risk Factors	3428
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, ~~and~~ Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	3728
Item 5. Other Information	3728
Item 6. Exhibits	3829
Exhibit Index	3930
Signatures	4031


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021			2023			2022			2023			2022
Net income from consolidated operations	$	1,343		$	122,224		$	165,999		$	402,562
Net (loss) income from consolidated operations													$	(13,466	)	$	1,343		$	(40,905	)	$	165,999
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation loss		(1,925	)	��	(114	)		(3,680	)		(78	)		(230	)		(1,925	)		(2,027	)		(3,680	)
Net (loss) gain on available-for-sale debt securities, net of tax		(2,502	)		142			(22,708	)		(587	)
Net gain (loss) on available-for-sale debt securities, net of tax														4,017			(2,502	)		7,214			(22,708	)
Comprehensive (loss) income from consolidated operations		(3,084	)		122,252			139,611			401,897			(9,679	)		(3,084	)		(35,718	)		139,611
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		376			298			1,236			463			359			376			1,229			1,236
Foreign currency translation loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		1,242			25			1,545			15
Foreign currency translation loss (gain) attributable to noncontrolling interest														68			1,242			(1,175	)		1,545
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		1,618			323			2,781			478			427			1,618			54			2,781
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Fulgent	$	(1,466	)	$	122,575		$	142,392		$	402,375		$	(9,252	)	$	(1,466	)	$	(35,664	)	$	142,392


	Amounts
	(in thousands)
Considerations
Cash, net of cash received	$	137,755


Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Net working capital	$	(15,024	)
Fixed assets		20,242
ROU assets - operating		12,653
ROU assets - finance		1,183
Deferred tax assets		3,410
Other long-term assets		4,711
Identifiable intangible assets		57,060
Operating lease liabilities		(12,653	)
Finance lease liabilities		(1,183	)
Income tax payable		(40	)
Other long-term liabilities		(4,449	)
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, net		65,910
Goodwill		71,845
Total	$	137,755


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer		☐

Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company		☐

			Emerging growth company		☐


	Amounts
	(in thousands)
Balance as of January 1, 2022
Goodwill	$	50,897
Accumulated impairment losses		—
		50,897
Goodwill acquired during year		71,844
Net exchange differences		(2,428	)

Balance as of September 30, 2022
Goodwill		120,313
Accumulated impairment losses		—
	$	120,313


Period	(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased		(b) Average Price Paid Per Share (1)		(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased As Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		(d) Maximum Dollar Value that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs		(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased		(b) Average Price Paid Per Share (1)		(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased As Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		(d) Maximum Dollar Value that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
May 2022 (5/1/2022 - 5/31/2022)		30,000	$	49.56		30,000	$	248,515,000		30,000	$	49.56		30,000	$	248,515,000
June 2022 (6/1/2022 - 6/30/2022)		185,000	$	48.97		185,000	$	239,429,000		185,000	$	48.97		185,000	$	239,429,000
August 2022 (8/1/2022 - 8/31/2022)		247,000	$	47.68		247,000	$	227,657,000		247,000	$	47.68		247,000	$	227,657,000
September 2022 (9/1/2022 - 9/30/2022)		533,000	$	43.04		533,000	$	204,752,000		533,000	$	43.04		533,000	$	204,752,000
October 2022 (10/1/2022 - 10/31/2022)										244,000	$	37.33		244,000	$	195,661,000
November 2022 (11/1/2022 - 11/30/2022)										234,000	$	35.83		234,000	$	187,276,000
December 2022 (12/1/2022 - 12/31/2022)										337,000	$	34.32		337,000	$	175,718,000
September 2023 (9/1/2023-9/30/2023)										80,000	$	27.65		80,000	$	173,522,000
Total		995,000				995,000				1,890,000				1,890,000


~~Director~~	~~Audit~~	~~Compensation~~	~~Nominating & Governance~~
~~Linda Marsh~~	X	~~Chair~~	X
~~Michael Nohaile~~	~~Chair~~	X	X


			Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No.	Exhibit Title	Filed with this Form 10-Q	Form	Form No.	Date Filed

3.1	Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant, dated May 13, 2016.		10-Q	001-37894	8/14/2017

3.1.1	Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant, dated August 2, 2016.		10-Q	001-37894	8/14/2017

3.1.2	Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant, dated May 17, 2017.		10-Q	001-37894	8/14/2017

3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of the registrant.		~~S-1/A~~	~~333-213469~~10-Q	~~9/26/2016~~001-37894	8/4/2023

~~10.1#~~10.1^#	Amended and Restated ~~Non-Employee Director~~Incentive Compensation Recoupment Policy ~~dated as of August 1, 2022.~~	X

~~10.2#~~10.2^#	~~Form of Notice of Restricted Stock Unit Award~~Amended and ~~Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Fulgent Pharma Holdings, Inc. 2022 Omnibus~~Restated Executive Officer Incentive Plan	X

~~10.3^~~	Agreement and Plan of Merger, by and among Fulgent Genetics, FG Merger Sub, Inc., Fulgent Pharma Holdings, Inc. and solely for purposes of Section 2.4, Section 5.5, Article VI, Section 7.8 and Section 7.14, those company stockholders set forth on the signature page thereto, dated November 7, 2022	X

~~31.1~~31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	X

~~31.2~~31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	X

32.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	X

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101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	X

101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	X

101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	X

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	FULGENT GENETICS, INC.

Date: November ~~7, 2022~~3, 2023	By:	/s/ Ming Hsieh
		Ming Hsieh
		Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)

Date: November ~~7, 2022~~3, 2023	By:	/s/ Paul Kim
		Paul Kim
		Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer)