UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________

Commission File Number: 0-20853

ANSYS, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

04-3219960

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2600 ANSYS Drive,

Canonsburg,

15317

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(Zip Code)

844-462-6797

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share

ANSS

Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

(Nasdaq Global Select Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the Registrant's Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding as of April ~~30, 2022~~28, 2023 was ~~86,990,120~~86,661,338 shares.

ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX



PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	Page No.

Item 1.	Financial Statements

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – ~~March~~Ma r ch 3 1 , 202 23 and December 31, 202 12	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income – Three Months Ended March 31 3 1 , 202 23 and 20202 2 1	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Three Months Ended Ma r ch ~~March~~ 3 1 , 202 23 and 202 12	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Three Months Ended ~~March~~Ma r ch 3 1 , 202 23 and 202 12	6

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity – Three Months Ended ~~March~~Ma r ch 3 1 , 202 23 and 202 12	7

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8

Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	3637

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	3739

PART II	OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	3840

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	3840

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	3840

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	3840

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	3840

Item 5.	Other Information	3840

Item 6.	Exhibits	3941

	SIGNATURES	4042

Table of Contents

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.Financial Statements:

ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)


(in thousands, except share and per share data)	(in thousands, except share and per share data)	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		(in thousands, except share and per share data)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
ASSETS	ASSETS					ASSETS
Current assets:	Current assets:					Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	657,421	$	667,667	Cash and cash equivalents	$	507,689	$	614,391
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	344		361		Short-term investments	165		183
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $14,600		513,738		645,891
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $18,300						Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $18,300	653,763		760,287
Other receivables and current assets	Other receivables and current assets	278,375		324,655		Other receivables and current assets	222,459		289,261
Total current assets	Total current assets	1,449,878		1,638,574		Total current assets	1,384,076		1,664,122
Long-term assets:	Long-term assets:					Long-term assets:
Property and equipment, net	Property and equipment, net	84,678		87,914		Property and equipment, net	80,825		80,838
Operating lease right-of-use assets	Operating lease right-of-use assets	130,274		120,881		Operating lease right-of-use assets	127,198		129,140
Goodwill	Goodwill	3,399,897		3,409,271		Goodwill	3,737,195		3,658,267
Other intangible assets, net	Other intangible assets, net	739,059		763,119		Other intangible assets, net	870,544		809,183
Other long-term assets	Other long-term assets	227,383		279,676		Other long-term assets	196,305		261,880
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	22,014		24,879		Deferred income taxes	84,791		84,515
Total long-term assets	Total long-term assets	4,603,305		4,685,740		Total long-term assets	5,096,858		5,023,823
Total assets	Total assets	$	6,053,183	$	6,324,314	Total assets	$	6,480,934	$	6,687,945
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY					LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:	Current liabilities:					Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	Accounts payable	$	17,102	$	10,863	Accounts payable	$	21,938	$	14,021
Accrued bonuses and commissions	Accrued bonuses and commissions	30,646		163,182		Accrued bonuses and commissions	37,584		160,908
Accrued income taxes	Accrued income taxes	7,065		8,410		Accrued income taxes	10,908		7,698
Current portion of long-term debt		9,125		—

Other accrued expenses and liabilities	Other accrued expenses and liabilities	184,663		204,509		Other accrued expenses and liabilities	184,154		198,220
Deferred revenue	Deferred revenue	386,019		391,528		Deferred revenue	396,331		413,989
Total current liabilities	Total current liabilities	634,620		778,492		Total current liabilities	650,915		794,836
Long-term liabilities:	Long-term liabilities:					Long-term liabilities:
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	99,439		105,548		Deferred income taxes	83,758		58,126
Long-term operating lease liabilities	Long-term operating lease liabilities	114,238		104,378		Long-term operating lease liabilities	110,227		112,802
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	744,575		753,576		Long-term debt	753,653		753,574
Other long-term liabilities	Other long-term liabilities	96,360		98,272		Other long-term liabilities	100,219		102,756
Total long-term liabilities	Total long-term liabilities	1,054,612		1,061,774		Total long-term liabilities	1,047,857		1,027,258
Commitments and contingencies	Commitments and contingencies	0		0		Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:	Stockholders' equity:					Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued or outstanding	Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued or outstanding	—		—		Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued or outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 95,267,307 shares issued	Common stock, $0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 95,267,307 shares issued	953		953		Common stock, $0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 95,267,307 shares issued	953		953
Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital	1,415,407		1,465,694		Additional paid-in capital	1,505,788		1,540,317
Retained earnings	Retained earnings	4,330,208		4,259,220		Retained earnings	4,883,552		4,782,930
Treasury stock, at cost: 8,285,245 and 8,188,331 shares, respectively		(1,304,413)		(1,185,707)
Treasury stock, at cost: 8,611,394 and 8,317,389 shares, respectively						Treasury stock, at cost: 8,611,394 and 8,317,389 shares, respectively	(1,498,693)		(1,335,627)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(78,204)		(56,112)		Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(109,438)		(122,722)
Total stockholders' equity	Total stockholders' equity	4,363,951		4,484,048		Total stockholders' equity	4,782,162		4,865,851
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	6,053,183	$	6,324,314	Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	6,480,934	$	6,687,945

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data)	(in thousands, except per share data)		March 31, 2022		March 31, 2021		(in thousands, except per share data)		March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
Revenue:	Revenue:						Revenue:
Software licenses	Software licenses		$	157,445	$	132,604	Software licenses		$	219,152	$	157,445
Maintenance and service	Maintenance and service		267,632		230,622		Maintenance and service		290,295		267,632
Total revenue	Total revenue		425,077		363,226		Total revenue		509,447		425,077
Cost of sales:	Cost of sales:						Cost of sales:
Software licenses	Software licenses		8,436		7,606		Software licenses		11,744		8,436
Amortization	Amortization		17,252		14,949		Amortization		19,618		17,252
Maintenance and service	Maintenance and service		39,072		39,548		Maintenance and service		36,290		39,072
Total cost of sales	Total cost of sales		64,760		62,103		Total cost of sales		67,652		64,760
Gross profit	Gross profit		360,317		301,123		Gross profit		441,795		360,317
Operating expenses:	Operating expenses:						Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	Selling, general and administrative		169,755		146,215		Selling, general and administrative		188,584		169,755
Research and development	Research and development		105,274		100,479		Research and development		120,335		105,274
Amortization	Amortization		4,125		4,407		Amortization		5,181		4,125
Total operating expenses	Total operating expenses		279,154		251,101		Total operating expenses		314,100		279,154
Operating income	Operating income		81,163		50,022		Operating income		127,695		81,163
Interest income	Interest income		527		517		Interest income		4,078		527
Interest expense	Interest expense		(2,967)		(3,315)		Interest expense		(10,758)		(2,967)
Other (expense) income, net			(694)		399
Income before income tax provision (benefit)			78,029		47,623
Income tax provision (benefit)			7,041		(24,775)
Other expense, net							Other expense, net		(177)		(694)
Income before income tax provision							Income before income tax provision		120,838		78,029
Income tax provision							Income tax provision		20,216		7,041
Net income	Net income		$	70,988	$	72,398	Net income		$	100,622	$	70,988
Earnings per share – basic:	Earnings per share – basic:						Earnings per share – basic:
Earnings per share	Earnings per share		$	0.81	$	0.83	Earnings per share		$	1.16	$	0.81
Weighted average shares	Weighted average shares		87,122		86,808		Weighted average shares		86,930		87,122
Earnings per share – diluted:	Earnings per share – diluted:						Earnings per share – diluted:
Earnings per share	Earnings per share		$	0.81	$	0.82	Earnings per share		$	1.15	$	0.81
Weighted average shares	Weighted average shares		87,750		87,986		Weighted average shares		87,431		87,750

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
(in thousands)	(in thousands)		March 31, 2022		March 31, 2021		(in thousands)		March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
Net income	Net income		$	70,988	$	72,398	Net income		$	100,622	$	70,988
Other comprehensive loss:
Other comprehensive income (loss):							Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	Foreign currency translation adjustments		(22,092)		(19,264)		Foreign currency translation adjustments		13,284		(22,092)
Comprehensive income	Comprehensive income		$	48,896	$	53,134	Comprehensive income		$	113,906	$	48,896

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended					Three Months Ended
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	March 31, 2022		March 31, 2021		(in thousands)	March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:	Cash flows from operating activities:					Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	Net income	$	70,988	$	72,398	Net income	$	100,622	$	70,988
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:					Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and intangible assets amortization	Depreciation and intangible assets amortization	29,080		27,082		Depreciation and intangible assets amortization	32,124		29,080
Operating lease right-of-use assets expense	Operating lease right-of-use assets expense	5,553		5,699		Operating lease right-of-use assets expense	5,381		5,553
Deferred income tax benefit	Deferred income tax benefit	(861)		(3,564)		Deferred income tax benefit	(2,915)		(861)
Provision for bad debts	Provision for bad debts	2,326		18		Provision for bad debts	(118)		2,326
Stock-based compensation expense	Stock-based compensation expense	35,651		35,119		Stock-based compensation expense	44,171		35,651

Other	Other	919		975		Other	307		919
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:	Changes in operating assets and liabilities:					Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	Accounts receivable	180,259		159,038		Accounts receivable	185,385		180,259
Other receivables and current assets	Other receivables and current assets	43,479		(12,071)		Other receivables and current assets	68,991		43,479
Other long-term assets	Other long-term assets	(5,983)		(1,909)		Other long-term assets	(5,798)		(5,983)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and current liabilities	Accounts payable, accrued expenses and current liabilities	(143,883)		(80,050)		Accounts payable, accrued expenses and current liabilities	(135,365)		(143,883)
Accrued income taxes	Accrued income taxes	(1,119)		(20,954)		Accrued income taxes	1,481		(1,119)
Deferred revenue	Deferred revenue	455		1,204		Deferred revenue	(25,879)		455
Other long-term liabilities	Other long-term liabilities	(5,928)		(11,878)		Other long-term liabilities	(7,621)		(5,928)
Net cash provided by operating activities	Net cash provided by operating activities	210,936		171,107		Net cash provided by operating activities	260,766		210,936
Cash flows from investing activities:	Cash flows from investing activities:					Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(4,915)		(10,783)		Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(120,584)		(4,915)
Capital expenditures	Capital expenditures	(5,062)		(5,045)		Capital expenditures	(6,892)		(5,062)
Other investing activities	Other investing activities	13		(35)		Other investing activities	(914)		13
Net cash used in investing activities	Net cash used in investing activities	(9,964)		(15,863)		Net cash used in investing activities	(128,390)		(9,964)
Cash flows from financing activities:	Cash flows from financing activities:					Cash flows from financing activities:

Purchase of treasury stock	Purchase of treasury stock	(155,571)		—		Purchase of treasury stock	(196,494)		(155,571)
Restricted stock withholding taxes paid in lieu of issued shares	Restricted stock withholding taxes paid in lieu of issued shares	(59,196)		(86,049)		Restricted stock withholding taxes paid in lieu of issued shares	(52,916)		(59,196)
Proceeds from shares issued for stock-based compensation	Proceeds from shares issued for stock-based compensation	10,122		11,892		Proceeds from shares issued for stock-based compensation	8,582		10,122
Other financing activities		—		(51)

Net cash used in financing activities	Net cash used in financing activities	(204,645)		(74,208)		Net cash used in financing activities	(240,828)		(204,645)
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents	Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents	(6,573)		(6,281)		Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents	1,750		(6,573)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(10,246)		74,755
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents						Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(106,702)		(10,246)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	667,667		912,672		Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	614,391		667,667
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	657,421	$	987,427	Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	507,689	$	657,421
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:	Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:					Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid	Income taxes paid	$	3,566	$	20,641	Income taxes paid	$	7,650	$	3,566
Interest paid	Interest paid	$	2,626	$	2,956	Interest paid	$	10,606	$	2,626
Fair value of non-cash consideration in connection with acquisitions						Fair value of non-cash consideration in connection with acquisitions	$	5,056	$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)


		Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders' Equity			Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income		Total Stockholders' Equity
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount						(in thousands)	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount
Balance, January 1, 2022		95,267	$	953	$	1,465,694	$	4,259,220	8,188	$	(1,185,707)	$	(56,112)	$	4,484,048
Balance, January 1, 2023																Balance, January 1, 2023	95,267	$	953	$	1,540,317	$	4,782,930	8,317	$	(1,335,627)	$	(122,722)	$	4,865,851
Treasury shares acquired	Treasury shares acquired								500	(155,571)				(155,571)		Treasury shares acquired								650	(197,416)				(197,416)
Stock-based compensation activity	Stock-based compensation activity				(50,287)				(403)	36,865				(13,422)		Stock-based compensation activity				(34,529)				(356)	34,350				(179)
Other comprehensive loss												(22,092)		(22,092)
Other comprehensive income																Other comprehensive income											13,284		13,284
Net income	Net income						70,988							70,988		Net income						100,622							100,622
Balance, March 31, 2022		95,267	$	953	$	1,415,407	$	4,330,208	8,285	$	(1,304,413)	$	(78,204)	$	4,363,951
Balance, March 31, 2023																Balance, March 31, 2023	95,267	$	953	$	1,505,788	$	4,883,552	8,611	$	(1,498,693)	$	(109,438)	$	4,782,162


		Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders' Equity			Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders' Equity
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount						(in thousands)	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount
Balance, January 1, 2021		95,266	$	953	$	1,434,203	$	3,804,593	8,694	$	(1,124,102)	$	(17,775)	$	4,097,872

Balance, January 1, 2022																Balance, January 1, 2022	95,267	$	953	$	1,465,694	$	4,259,220	8,188	$	(1,185,707)	$	(56,112)	$	4,484,048
Treasury shares acquired																Treasury shares acquired								500	(155,571)				(155,571)
Stock-based compensation activity	Stock-based compensation activity				(87,602)				(565)	48,565				(39,037)		Stock-based compensation activity				(50,287)				(403)	36,865				(13,422)
Other comprehensive loss	Other comprehensive loss											(19,264)		(19,264)		Other comprehensive loss											(22,092)		(22,092)
Net income	Net income						72,398							72,398		Net income						70,988							70,988
Balance, March 31, 2021		95,266	$	953	$	1,346,601	$	3,876,991	8,129	$	(1,075,537)	$	(37,039)	$	4,111,969
Balance, March 31, 2022																Balance, March 31, 2022	95,267	$	953	$	1,415,407	$	4,330,208	8,285	$	(1,304,413)	$	(78,204)	$	4,363,951

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, ~~2022~~2023

(Unaudited)

1.Organization

ANSYS, Inc. (Ansys, we, us, our) develops and globally markets engineering simulation software and services widely used by engineers, designers, researchers and students across a broad spectrum of industries and academia, including high-tech, aerospace and defense, automotive, energy, industrial equipment, materials and chemicals, consumer products, healthcare and construction.

As defined by the accounting guidance for segment reporting, we operate as 1one segment.

Given the integrated approach to the multi-discipline problem-solving needs of our customers, a single sale ~~of software~~ may contain components from multiple product areas and include combined technologies. We also have a multi-year product and integration strategy that will result in new, combined products or changes to the historical product offerings. As a result, it is impracticable for us to provide accurate historical or current reporting among our various product lines.

2.Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information for commercial and industrial companies, the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements (and notes thereto) included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021 (2021~~2022 (2022 Form 10-K). The condensed consolidated December 31, ~~2021~~2022 balance sheet presented is derived from the audited December 31, ~~2021~~2022 balance sheet included in the ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K. In our opinion, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements have been included, and all adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

~~Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance~~

~~Business combinations: In October 2021,~~ Certain items in the ~~Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU No. 2021-08,~~ ~~Business Combinations~~ ~~(Topic 805):~~ ~~Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers~~ ~~(ASU 2021-08). ASU 2021-08 requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination~~notes to ~~be recognized and measured by~~ the ~~acquirer~~condensed consolidated financial statements of prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on ~~the acquisition date in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606,~~ ~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers~~, as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. We adopted the standard effective January 1, 2022. Under the prior guidance, such assets and liabilities were recognized by the acquirer at fair value on the acquisition date. The standard does not impact acquired contractreported net income, comprehensive income, cash flows, total assets or total liabilities ~~from business combinations that occurred prior to the effective date of adoption,~~ and ~~the impact in current and future periods will depend on the contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in business combinations after the effective date of adoption.~~stockholders' equity.

Accounting Guidance Issued and Not Yet Adopted

~~It is not expected that the future adoption of any recently~~Recently issued accounting pronouncements ~~will~~are not expected to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash ~~flows.~~

~~Table of Contents~~

flows upon adoption.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments such as deposits held at major banks and money market funds. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Our cash and cash equivalents balances comprise the following:


		March 31, 2022			December 31, 2021				March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
(in thousands, except percentages)	(in thousands, except percentages)	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	(in thousands, except percentages)	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total
Cash accounts	Cash accounts	$	572,768	87.1	$	580,047	86.9	Cash accounts	$	405,195	79.8	$	503,733	82.0
Money market funds	Money market funds	84,653		12.9	87,620		13.1	Money market funds	102,494		20.2	110,658		18.0
Total	Total	$	657,421		$	667,667		Total	$	507,689		$	614,391

Our money market fund balances are held in various funds oftwo issuers.

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3.Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table summarizes revenue:


		Three Months Ended								Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)	(in thousands, except percentages)		March 31, 2022			March 31, 2021			(in thousands, except percentages)		March 31, 2023			March 31, 2022
Revenue:	Revenue:								Revenue:
Subscription lease licenses	Subscription lease licenses		$	91,457		$	65,077		Subscription lease licenses		$	147,922		$	91,457
Perpetual licenses	Perpetual licenses		65,988			67,527			Perpetual licenses		71,230			65,988
Software licenses	Software licenses		157,445			132,604			Software licenses		219,152			157,445
Maintenance	Maintenance		247,241			213,674			Maintenance		268,593			247,241
Service	Service		20,391			16,948			Service		21,702			20,391
Maintenance and service	Maintenance and service		267,632			230,622			Maintenance and service		290,295			267,632
Total revenue	Total revenue		$	425,077		$	363,226		Total revenue		$	509,447		$	425,077

Direct revenue, as a percentage of total revenue	Direct revenue, as a percentage of total revenue		72.4		%	71.8		%	Direct revenue, as a percentage of total revenue		76.3		%	72.4		%
Indirect revenue, as a percentage of total revenue	Indirect revenue, as a percentage of total revenue		27.6		%	28.2		%	Indirect revenue, as a percentage of total revenue		23.7		%	27.6		%

Our software license revenue is recognized up front, while maintenance and service revenue is generally recognized over the term of the contract.

~~Table~~ The shift reflected above from indirect to direct revenue was driven primarily by our previously announced acquisition of ~~Contents~~

DYNAmore, a channel partner that was formerly captured in our indirect business.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of billings made or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from customer agreements. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of billings to customers. Payment terms vary by the type and location of customer and the products or services offered. The time between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant.

The changes in deferred revenue, inclusive of both current and long-term deferred revenue, during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021		(in thousands)	2023		2022
Beginning balance – January 1	Beginning balance – January 1	$	412,781	$	388,810	Beginning balance – January 1	$	435,758	$	412,781
Acquired deferred revenue	Acquired deferred revenue	84		—		Acquired deferred revenue	6,555		84
Deferral of revenue	Deferral of revenue	423,649		362,043		Deferral of revenue	483,502		423,649
Recognition of revenue	Recognition of revenue	(425,077)		(363,226)		Recognition of revenue	(509,447)		(425,077)
Currency translation	Currency translation	(6,317)		(6,898)		Currency translation	701		(6,317)
Ending balance – March 31	Ending balance – March 31	$	405,120	$	380,729	Ending balance – March 31	$	417,069	$	405,120

Total revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 will be recognized as revenue as follows:


(in thousands)
Next 12 months	$	~~746,037~~825,244
Months 13-24	~~251,667~~345,708
Months 25-36	~~139,907~~147,965
Thereafter	~~65,564~~38,567
Total revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations	$	~~1,203,175~~1,357,484

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Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes both deferred revenue and backlog. Our backlog represents deferred revenue associated with installment billings for periods beyond the current quarterly billing ~~cycle.~~cycle and committed contracts with start dates beyond the end of the current period. Revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 included amounts in deferred revenue and backlog at the beginning of the period of $317.6 million and $244.6 million, ~~and $209.3 million,~~ respectively.

4.Acquisitions

During the quarter ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we completed anthe acquisition of DYNAmore for a purchase price of ~~$5.1~~$139.2 million, ~~to enhance~~or $126.4 million net of cash acquired. The acquisition expands our position as a simulation solution ~~offerings.~~provider within the automotive industry. The effects of the ~~business combination~~acquisition were not material to our condensed consolidated results of operations.

~~On October 1, 2021,~~During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we incurred acquisition-related expenses of $2.2 million. Acquisition-related expenses are recognized as selling, general and administrative and research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of income.

The assets acquired ~~100%~~and liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition have been recorded based upon management's estimates of the ~~shares~~fair market value as of ~~Zemax,~~the date of acquisition. The following tables summarize the fair value of consideration and the fair value of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the acquisition at the date of acquisition:

Fair Value of Consideration:


(in thousands)
Cash	$	134,103
Non-cash consideration	5,056
Total consideration	$	139,159

Recognized Amounts of Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed:


(in thousands)
Cash	$	12,779
Accounts receivable and other tangible assets	15,751
Developed software and core technologies	3,594
Customer lists	75,690
Trade names	2,220
Accounts payable and other liabilities	(7,944)
Deferred revenue	(6,555)
Net deferred tax liabilities	(24,997)
Total identifiable net assets	$	70,538
Goodwill	$	68,621

The goodwill, which is not tax-deductible, is attributed to intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, including the assembled workforce of the acquired business and the synergies expected to arise as a ~~leader in high-performance optical imaging system simulation,~~result of the acquisition.

The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on preliminary calculations. The estimates and assumptions for ~~a purchase price of $411.5 million, paid in cash, or $399.1 million net of cash acquired~~these items are subject to change as additional information about what was known and knowable at the acquisition date is obtained during the measurement period (up to one year from ~~Zemax. The~~the acquisition ~~expands~~date).

We determined the ~~scope~~fair value of our ~~optical and photonics simulation portfolio by giving users comprehensive solutions that could drive innovation in healthcare, autonomy, consumer electronics~~intangible assets using various valuation techniques, including the relief-from-royalty method and the ~~industrial internet~~multi-period excess earnings method. These models utilize certain unobservable inputs classified as Level 3 measurements as defined by ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. The determination of ~~things (IIoT).~~fair value requires considerable judgment and is sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions, estimates and market factors. Estimating fair value requires us to make assumptions and estimates regarding our future plans, as well as industry and economic conditions. These assumptions and estimates include, but are not limited to: selection of a valuation methodology, royalty rate, discount rate and attrition rate.

~~Additionally, during~~

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The weighted-average useful life, valuation method and assumptions used to determine the fair value of the intangible assets acquired are as follows:

Intangible Asset

Weighted-Average Useful Life

Valuation Method

Assumptions

Developed software and core technologies

8 years

Relief-from-royalty

Royalty rate: 20.0%

Discount rate: 15.5%

Trade names

5 years

Relief-from-royalty

Royalty rate: 1.0%

Discount rate: 15.5%

Customer lists

14 years

Multi-period excess earnings

Attrition rate: 5.0%

Discount rate: 15.5%

2022 Acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, we completed several ~~other~~ acquisitions to ~~expand our solution offerings and~~ enhance our customers' experience. These acquisitions were not individually significant. The combined purchase price of these acquisitions during the year ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022 was ~~$110.7~~$401.7 million, ~~which was paid in cash.~~or $390.9 million net of cash acquired.

The operating results of each acquisition have been included in our condensed consolidated financial statements since each respective date of acquisition. The effects of the acquisitions were not material to our condensed consolidated results of operations.

~~See Note 16, Subsequent Events, for information on our recent acquisitions.~~

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5.Other Receivables and Current Assets and Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities

Our other receivables and current assets and other accrued expenses and liabilities comprise the following balances:


(in thousands)	(in thousands)	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		(in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Receivables related to unrecognized revenue	Receivables related to unrecognized revenue	$	139,441	$	200,888	Receivables related to unrecognized revenue	$	144,602	$	209,139
Income taxes receivable, including overpayments and refunds	Income taxes receivable, including overpayments and refunds	68,962		71,332		Income taxes receivable, including overpayments and refunds	14,458		28,963
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	69,972		52,435		Prepaid expenses and other current assets	63,399		51,159
Total other receivables and current assets	Total other receivables and current assets	$	278,375	$	324,655	Total other receivables and current assets	$	222,459	$	289,261

Accrued vacation	Accrued vacation	41,882		35,879		Accrued vacation	46,285		39,118
Payroll-related accruals	Payroll-related accruals	37,597		21,507		Payroll-related accruals	38,255		20,716
Consumption, VAT and sales tax liabilities	Consumption, VAT and sales tax liabilities	25,867		52,630		Consumption, VAT and sales tax liabilities	15,754		41,812
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	79,317		94,493		Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	83,860		96,574
Total other accrued expenses and liabilities	Total other accrued expenses and liabilities	$	184,663	$	204,509	Total other accrued expenses and liabilities	$	184,154	$	198,220

Receivables related to unrecognized revenue represent the current portion of billings made for customer contracts that have not yet been recognized as revenue.

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6.Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (EPS) amounts are computed by dividing earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS amounts assume the issuance of common stock for all potentially dilutive equivalents outstanding. To the extent stock awards are anti-dilutive, they are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.

The details of basic and diluted EPS are as follows:


		Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data)	(in thousands, except per share data)		March 31, 2022		March 31, 2021		(in thousands, except per share data)		March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
Net income	Net income		$	70,988	$	72,398	Net income		$	100,622	$	70,988
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic	Weighted average shares outstanding – basic		87,122		86,808		Weighted average shares outstanding – basic		86,930		87,122
Dilutive effect of stock plans	Dilutive effect of stock plans		628		1,178		Dilutive effect of stock plans		501		628
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted	Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted		87,750		87,986		Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted		87,431		87,750
Basic earnings per share	Basic earnings per share		$	0.81	$	0.83	Basic earnings per share		$	1.16	$	0.81
Diluted earnings per share	Diluted earnings per share		$	0.81	$	0.82	Diluted earnings per share		$	1.15	$	0.81
Anti-dilutive shares	Anti-dilutive shares		65		27		Anti-dilutive shares		650		65

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7.Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are classified as follows:


		March 31, 2022				December 31, 2021					March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Finite-lived intangible assets:	Finite-lived intangible assets:									Finite-lived intangible assets:
Developed software and core technologies	Developed software and core technologies	$	983,973	$	(437,282)	$	985,685	$	(422,797)	Developed software and core technologies	$	1,112,781	$	(501,164)	$	1,106,789	$	(483,033)
Customer lists	Customer lists	200,957		(60,700)		203,072		(57,175)		Customer lists	278,702		(71,717)		205,484		(71,618)
Trade names	Trade names	182,025		(130,271)		182,554		(128,577)		Trade names	189,005		(137,420)		186,424		(135,220)
Total	Total	$	1,366,955	$	(628,253)	$	1,371,311	$	(608,549)	Total	$	1,580,488	$	(710,301)	$	1,498,697	$	(689,871)
Indefinite-lived intangible asset:	Indefinite-lived intangible asset:									Indefinite-lived intangible asset:
Trade name	Trade name	$	357			$	357			Trade name	$	357			$	357

Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives oftwo years to seventeen years. ~~Amortization expense for the intangible assets reflected above was $21.4 million and $19.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.~~

As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, estimated future amortization expense for the intangible assets reflected above was as follows:


(in thousands)	(in thousands)			(in thousands)
Remainder of 2022		$	62,556
2023		88,738
Remainder of 2023				Remainder of 2023	$	74,589
2024	2024	89,805		2024	105,244
2025	2025	88,387		2025	106,805
2026	2026	86,831		2026	108,672
2027	2027	85,813		2027	111,166
2028				2028	107,841
Thereafter	Thereafter	236,572		Thereafter	255,870
Total intangible assets subject to amortization	Total intangible assets subject to amortization	738,702		Total intangible assets subject to amortization	870,187
Indefinite-lived trade name	Indefinite-lived trade name	357		Indefinite-lived trade name	357
Other intangible assets, net	Other intangible assets, net	$	739,059	Other intangible assets, net	$	870,544

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The changes in goodwill during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021		(in thousands)	2023		2022
Beginning balance – January 1	Beginning balance – January 1	$	3,409,271	$	3,038,306	Beginning balance – January 1	$	3,658,267	$	3,409,271
Acquisitions and adjustments(1)	Acquisitions and adjustments(1)	1,961		8,215		Acquisitions and adjustments(1)	69,227		1,961

Currency translation	Currency translation	(11,335)		(9,738)		Currency translation	9,701		(11,335)
Ending balance – March 31	Ending balance – March 31	$	3,399,897	$	3,036,783	Ending balance – March 31	$	3,737,195	$	3,399,897

(1) In accordance with the accounting for business combinations, we recorded adjustments to goodwill for the effect of changes in the provisional fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date) as we obtained new information about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date.

During the first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, we completed the annual impairment test for goodwill and the indefinite-lived intangible asset and determined that these assets had not been impaired as of the test date, January 1, ~~2022.~~2023. No ~~other~~ events or circumstances changed during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 that would indicate that the fair values of our reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible asset are below their carrying amounts.

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8.Fair Value Measurement

The valuation hierarchy for disclosure of assets and liabilities reported at fair value prioritizes the inputs for such valuations into three broad levels:

•Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2: quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument; or

•Level 3: unobservable inputs based on our own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.

A financial asset's or liability's classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Our ~~current and long-term~~ debt is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because these borrowings are not actively traded and have a variable interest rate structure based upon market rates. The carrying amount of our ~~current and long-term~~ debt approximates the estimated fair value. See Note 10, "Debt", for additional information on our borrowings.

The following tables provide the assets carried at fair value and measured on a recurring basis:


				Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:									Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	March 31, 2022		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		(in thousands)	March 31, 2023		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets	Assets									Assets
Cash equivalents	Cash equivalents	$	84,653	$	84,653	$	—	$	—	Cash equivalents	$	102,494	$	102,494	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	$	344	$	—	$	344	$	—	Short-term investments	$	165	$	—	$	165	$	—
Deferred compensation plan investments	Deferred compensation plan investments	$	1,600	$	1,600	$	—	$	—	Deferred compensation plan investments	$	1,634	$	1,634	$	—	$	—
Equity securities	Equity securities	$	2,313	$	2,313	$	—	$	—	Equity securities	$	916	$	916	$	—	$	—


				Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:									Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	December 31, 2021		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		(in thousands)	December 31, 2022		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets	Assets									Assets
Cash equivalents	Cash equivalents	$	87,620	$	87,620	$	—	$	—	Cash equivalents	$	110,658	$	110,658	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	$	361	$	—	$	361	$	—	Short-term investments	$	183	$	—	$	183	$	—
Deferred compensation plan investments	Deferred compensation plan investments	$	1,602	$	1,602	$	—	$	—	Deferred compensation plan investments	$	1,618	$	1,618	$	—	$	—
Equity securities	Equity securities	$	2,500	$	2,500	$	—	$	—	Equity securities	$	892	$	892	$	—	$	—

The cash equivalents in the preceding tables represent money market funds, valued at net asset value, with carrying values which approximate their fair values because of their short-term nature.

The short-term investments in the preceding tables represent deposits held by certain foreign subsidiaries. The deposits have fixed interest rates with original maturities ranging from three months to one year.

The deferred compensation plan investments in the preceding tables represent trading securities held in a rabbi trust for the benefit of non-employee directors. These securities consist of mutual funds traded in an active market with quoted prices. As a result, the plan assets are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The plan assets are recorded within other long-term assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The equity securities represent our investment in a publicly traded company. These securities are traded in an active market with quoted prices. As a result, the securities are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The securities are recorded within other long-term assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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9.Leases

Our right-of-use ~~(ROU)~~ assets and lease liabilities primarily include operating leases for office space. Our executive offices and those related to certain domestic product development, marketing, production and administration are located in a 186,000 square foot office facility in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. The term of the lease is 183 months, which began on October 1, 2014 and expires on December 31, 2029. The lease agreement includes options to renew the contract through August 2044, an option to lease additional space in January 2025 and an option to terminate the lease in December 2025. No options are included in the lease liability as renewal is not reasonably certain. In addition, we are reasonably certain we will not terminate the lease agreement. Absent the exercise of options in the lease, our remaining base rent (inclusive of property taxes and certain operating costs) is $4.5 million per annum through 2024 and $4.7 million per annum for 2025 - 2029.

The components of our global lease cost reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of income are as follows:


		Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
(in thousands)	(in thousands)		March 31, 2022		March 31, 2021		(in thousands)		March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
Lease liability cost	Lease liability cost		$	6,971	$	7,001	Lease liability cost		$	7,041	$	6,971
Variable lease cost not included in the lease liability(1)	Variable lease cost not included in the lease liability(1)		1,084		1,282		Variable lease cost not included in the lease liability(1)		1,183		1,084
Total lease cost	Total lease cost		$	8,055	$	8,283	Total lease cost		$	8,224	$	8,055

(1) Variable lease cost includes common area maintenance, property taxes, utilities and fluctuations in rent due to a change in an index or rate.

Other information related to operating leases is as follows:


		Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
(in thousands)	(in thousands)		March 31, 2022		March 31, 2021		(in thousands)		March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of the lease liability:	Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of the lease liability:						Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of the lease liability:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	Operating cash flows from operating leases		$	(7,018)	$	(6,827)	Operating cash flows from operating leases		$	(6,779)	$	(7,018)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities		$	16,318	$	587	Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities		$	4,414	$	16,318


		As of March 31,					As of March 31,
		2022		2021			2023		2022
Weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases	Weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases	7.3 years		7.1 years		Weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases	6.7 years		7.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate of operating leases	Weighted-average discount rate of operating leases	2.9	%	3.1	%	Weighted-average discount rate of operating leases	3.2	%	2.9	%

The maturity schedule of the operating lease liabilities as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 is as follows:


(in thousands)	(in thousands)			(in thousands)
Remainder of 2022		$	20,230
2023		22,610
Remainder of 2023				Remainder of 2023	$	20,886
2024	2024	20,417		2024	25,316
2025	2025	18,625		2025	21,759
2026	2026	16,537		2026	19,415
2027				2027	18,078
Thereafter	Thereafter	53,139		Thereafter	43,495
Total future lease payments	Total future lease payments	151,558		Total future lease payments	148,949
Less: Present value adjustment	Less: Present value adjustment	(15,081)		Less: Present value adjustment	(15,100)
Present value of future lease payments(1)	Present value of future lease payments(1)	$	136,477	Present value of future lease payments(1)	$	133,849

(1) Includes the current portion of operating lease liabilities of ~~$22.2~~$23.6 million, which is reflected in other accrued expenses and liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

There were no material leases that have been signed but not yet commenced as of March 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

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10.Debt

~~In February 2019,~~On June 30, 2022, we entered into a credit agreement (2022 Credit Agreement) with PNC Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, swing line lender, and an L/C issuer, the lenders party thereto, and the other L/C issuers party thereto. The 2022 Credit Agreement refinanced our previous credit agreements in their entirety. Terms used in this description of the 2022 Credit Agreement with initial capital letters that are not otherwise defined herein are as defined in the 2022 Credit Agreement.

The 2022 Credit Agreement provides for a $755.0 million unsecured term loan facility and a $500.0 million unsecured revolving ~~credit~~loan facility, which includes a $50.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of ~~credit (Revolving Credit Facility), with Bank of America, N.A. as the Administrative Agent.~~credit. The ~~Revolving Credit Facility becomes payable in full on February 22, 2024 and~~revolving loan facility is available for working capital and general corporate ~~purposes, including, among others, to finance acquisitions and capital expenditures. The Revolving Credit Facility has never been utilized.~~

~~In connection with a 2019 acquisition, we amended our credit agreement (Amended Credit Agreement) on October 16, 2019. The amendment provided for a new $500.0 million unsecured~~purposes. Each of the term loan facility ~~to partially finance~~and the ~~acquisition. The term~~revolving loan ~~was funded on November 1, 2019 and~~facility matures on ~~November 1, 2024. Principal on~~June 30, 2027.

Borrowings under the term loan ~~is payable quarterly~~and revolving loan facilities accrue interest at a rate of 1.25% in 2022 and 2.50% thereafter. We repaid $75.0 million of the unsecured term loan balance in January 2020 prior to the scheduled maturity dates in 2022 ($25.0 million) and 2023 ($50.0 million). In June 2021, we repaid $26.0 million of the unsecured term loan balance prior to the scheduled maturity dates in 2024.

In connection with a 2020 acquisition, we entered into a credit agreement (2020 Credit Agreement) on November 9, 2020, with Bank of America, N.A. as the Administrative Agent. The 2020 Credit Agreement provided for a new $375.0 million unsecured term loan facility to finance a portion of the cash consideration for the acquisition. The term loan was funded on December 1, 2020 and matures on November 1, 2024. Principalthat is based on the term loan is payable quarterly at a rate of 1.25% in 2022 and 2.50% thereafter. We repaid $19.0 million of the unsecured term loan balance in June 2021 prior to the scheduled maturity dates in 2022 ($18.8 million) and 2023 ($0.2 million).

~~Borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement and the 2020 Credit Agreement (collectively, the Credit Agreements) accrue interest at the Eurodollar rate~~Term SOFR plus an applicable margin or at the base rate plus an applicable margin, at our election. ~~For the quarter ended March 31, 2022, we elected to apply the Eurodollar rate.~~ The base rate is the ~~applicable margin plus the~~ highest of (i) the ~~federal funds rate~~Overnight Bank Funding Rate, plus 0.500%, (ii) the PNC Bank, ~~of America~~National Association prime rate, and (iii) ~~the Eurodollar rate~~Daily Simple SOFR plus ~~1.000%~~an adjustment for SOFR plus 1.00%. The applicable margin for ~~these~~the borrowings is a percentage per annum based on the lower of (1) a pricing level determined by our then-current consolidated net leverage ratio and (2) a pricing level determined by our public debt ~~ratings~~rating (if ~~such debt ratings exist)~~available). ~~This results in a margin ranging from 1.125% to 1.750% and 0.125% to 0.750%~~

The 2022 Credit Agreement also provides for the ~~Eurodollar~~option to add certain foreign subsidiaries as borrowers and to borrow in Euros, Sterling, Yen and Swiss Francs under the revolving loan facility, up to a sublimit of $150.0 million. Borrowings under the revolving loan facility denominated in these currencies will accrue interest at a rate that is based on (a) for Euros, €STR, (b) for Sterling, SONIA, (c) for Yen, TONAR and ~~base~~(d) for Swiss Francs, SARON, plus an applicable margin calculated as described above.

Under the 2022 Credit Agreement, the weighted average interest rate ~~respectively.~~

~~The~~in effect for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was 5.56%. Under the prior credit agreements, the weighted average interest rate in effect for the three months ended March 31, 2022 ~~and 2021~~ was 1.35% ~~and 1.45%, respectively. As~~. The rate in effect as of March 31, ~~2022, the rate in effect~~2023 and for the second quarter of 2023 under the 2022 Credit ~~Agreements was 1.58%~~Agreement is 5.87%.

The 2022 Credit Agreements contain language in the event the Eurodollar rate is not available due to LIBOR changes. If this occurs, the base rate will be used for borrowings. However, we may work with the Administrative Agent to amend the Credit Agreements to replace the Eurodollar rate with (i) one or more rates based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR); or (ii) another alternative benchmark rate, subject to the lenders' approval.

~~The Credit Agreements contain~~Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. The 2022 Credit ~~Agreements~~Agreement also ~~each contain~~contains a financial covenant requiring us and our subsidiaries to maintain a consolidated net leverage ratio ~~of indebtedness to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization~~ not ~~exceeding~~in excess of 3.50 to 1.00 as of the end of any fiscal quarter (for the four-quarter period ending on such date) with an opportunity for a temporary increase in such consolidated net leverage ratio to 4.00 to 1.00 upon the consummation of certain qualified acquisitions for which the aggregate consideration is at least $250.0 million.

As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we had $755.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the term loan, with a carrying value of ~~the term loans was~~ $753.7 million, of which ~~$9.1 million is included in current portion of long-term debt and $744.6 million is included in long-term debt and~~ is net of $1.3 million of unamortized debt discounts and issuance costs. The total amount was included in long-term debt. As of March 31, 2023, no borrowings were outstanding under the revolving loan facility.

As of December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, we had $755.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the term loan, with a carrying value of ~~the term loans was~~ $753.6 million, which is net of $1.4 million of unamortized debt discounts and issuance ~~costs and the~~costs. The total amount iswas included in long-term debt. As of December 31, 2022, no borrowings were outstanding under the revolving loan facility.

We were in compliance with all covenants under the 2022 Credit Agreement as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

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11.Income Taxes

Our income before income tax provision, ~~(benefit),~~ income tax provision ~~(benefit)~~ and effective tax rates were as follows:


		Three Months Ended								Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)	(in thousands, except percentages)		March 31, 2022			March 31, 2021			(in thousands, except percentages)		March 31, 2023			March 31, 2022
Income before income tax provision (benefit)			$	78,029		$	47,623
Income tax provision (benefit)			$	7,041		$	(24,775)
Income before income tax provision									Income before income tax provision		$	120,838		$	78,029
Income tax provision									Income tax provision		$	20,216		$	7,041
Effective tax rate	Effective tax rate		9.0		%	(52.0)		%	Effective tax rate		16.7		%	9.0		%

~~Tax expense (benefit) for~~The increase in the ~~three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 benefited~~effective tax rate from the prior year was primarily due to ~~deductions~~decreased benefits related to stock-based compensation, many of which were recognized discretely. These benefits were ~~partially~~ offset by non-deductible compensation. ~~Discrete deductions relating to stock-based compensation were significantly higher for the three months ended March 31, 2021.~~

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12.Stock Repurchase Program

Under our stock repurchase program, we repurchased shares as follows:


	~~Three Months Ended~~
~~(in thousands, except per share data)~~	March 31, 2022		March 31, 2021
~~Number of shares repurchased~~	~~500~~		—
~~Average price paid per share~~	$	~~311.14~~	$	—
~~Total cost~~	$	~~155,571~~	$	—


	Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data)	March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
Number of shares repurchased	650		500
Average price paid per share	$	302.34	$	311.14
Total cost	$	196,494	$	155,571

As of March 31, ~~2022, 2.0~~2023, 1.1 million shares remained available for repurchase under the program.

13.Stock-Based Compensation

Total stock-based compensation expense and its net impact on basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:


		Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data)	(in thousands, except per share data)		March 31, 2022		March 31, 2021		(in thousands, except per share data)		March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
Cost of sales:	Cost of sales:						Cost of sales:
Maintenance and service	Maintenance and service		$	2,563	$	3,562	Maintenance and service		$	2,878	$	2,563
Operating expenses:	Operating expenses:						Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	Selling, general and administrative		20,444		17,223		Selling, general and administrative		23,905		20,444
Research and development	Research and development		12,644		14,334		Research and development		17,388		12,644
Stock-based compensation expense before taxes	Stock-based compensation expense before taxes		35,651		35,119		Stock-based compensation expense before taxes		44,171		35,651
Related income tax benefits	Related income tax benefits		(24,888)		(42,625)		Related income tax benefits		(18,186)		(24,888)
Stock-based compensation expense, net of taxes	Stock-based compensation expense, net of taxes		$	10,763	$	(7,506)	Stock-based compensation expense, net of taxes		$	25,985	$	10,763
Net impact on earnings per share:	Net impact on earnings per share:						Net impact on earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share	Basic earnings per share		$	(0.12)	$	0.09	Basic earnings per share		$	(0.30)	$	(0.12)
Diluted earnings per share	Diluted earnings per share		$	(0.12)	$	0.09	Diluted earnings per share		$	(0.30)	$	(0.12)

Stock-based compensation was a net benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2021 as the tax benefits on stock-based compensation exceeded the gross stock-based compensation expense due to increased excess tax benefits recognized related to awards issued in prior periods that were either exercised or released in the period.

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14.Geographic Information

Revenue to external customers is attributed to individual countries based upon the location of the customer. Revenue by geographic area is as follows:


		Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
(in thousands)	(in thousands)		March 31, 2022		March 31, 2021		(in thousands)		March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
United States	United States		$	197,561	$	152,701	United States		$	246,707	$	197,561
China							China		39,436		25,796
Germany							Germany		38,674		30,586
Japan	Japan		37,871		42,015		Japan		38,086		37,871
Germany			30,586		31,346
China			23,208		14,452
South Korea	South Korea		21,940		22,398		South Korea		21,864		21,940

Other Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA)	Other Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA)		74,437		71,929		Other Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA)		82,404		74,437
Other international	Other international		39,474		28,385		Other international		42,276		36,886
Total revenue	Total revenue		$	425,077	$	363,226	Total revenue		$	509,447	$	425,077

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Property and equipment by geographic area is as follows:


(in thousands)	(in thousands)	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		(in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
United States	United States	$	60,909	$	62,880	United States	$	58,916	$	58,258
India	India	6,104		6,144		India	5,769		5,978
Germany		3,840		4,434

Other EMEA		8,752		9,215

EMEA						EMEA	10,886		11,043
Other international	Other international	5,073		5,241		Other international	5,254		5,559
Total property and equipment, net	Total property and equipment, net	$	84,678	$	87,914	Total property and equipment, net	$	80,825	$	80,838

15.Contingencies and Commitments

We are subject to various claims, investigations, and legal and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, including, but not limited to, commercial disputes, labor and employment matters, tax audits, alleged infringement of third ~~party's~~parties' intellectual property rights and other matters. In our opinion, the resolution of pending matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position. However, each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties and it is possible that an unfavorable resolution of one or more of these proceedings could materially affect our consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position.

Our Indian subsidiary has several service tax audits pending that have resulted in formal inquiries being received on transactions through mid-2012. We could incur tax charges and related liabilities of ~~$7.4~~$7.1 million. As such charges are not probable at this time, a reserve has not been recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, ~~2022.~~2023. The service tax issues raised in our notices and inquiries are very similar to the case, M/s Microsoft Corporation (I) (P) Ltd. Vs. Commissioner of Service Tax, New Delhi, wherein the Delhi Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal (CESTAT) issued a favorable ruling to Microsoft. The Microsoft ruling was subsequently challenged in the Supreme Court by the Indian tax authority and a decision is still pending. We can provide no assurances on the impact that the present Microsoft case's decision will have on our cases, however, an unfavorable ruling in the Microsoft case may impact our assessment of probability and result in the recording of a ~~$7.4~~$7.1 million reserve. We are uncertain as to when these service tax matters will be concluded.

We sell software licenses and services to our customers under contractual agreements. Such agreements generally include certain provisions indemnifying the customer against claims, by third parties, of infringement or misappropriation of their intellectual property rights arising from such customer's usage of our products or services. To date, payments related to these indemnification provisions have been immaterial. For several reasons, including the lack of prior material indemnification claims, we cannot determine the maximum amount of potential future payments, if any, related to such indemnification provisions.

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~~16.Subsequent Events~~

In May 2022, we completed various strategic acquisitions for a combined purchase price of $249.0 million. These acquisitions were funded with existing cash balances. Due to the limited time since the acquisition dates, the initial accounting for these business combinations is incomplete. As a result, we are unable to provide the amounts recognized as of the acquisition dates for the major classes of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We do not expect the operations to contribute meaningfully to our current year’s financial results.

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Item 2.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, and with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022 included in the ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).

~~Business:~~Business

Ansys, a corporation formed in 1994, develops and globally markets engineering simulation software and services widely used by engineers, designers, researchers and students across a broad spectrum of industries and academia, including high-tech, aerospace and defense, automotive, energy, industrial equipment, materials and chemicals, consumer products, healthcare and construction. Headquartered south of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, we employed ~~5,200~~5,900 and 5,600 people as of March 31, ~~2022.~~2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. We focus on the development of open and flexible solutions that enable users to analyze designs ~~directly on the desktop~~on-premises and/or via the cloud, providing a common platform for fast, efficient and cost-conscious product development, from design concept to final-stage testing, validation and ~~validation.~~deployment. We distribute our suite of simulation technologies through direct sales offices in strategic, global locations and a global network of independent resellers and distributors (collectively, channel partners). It is our intention to continue to maintain this hybrid sales and distribution model. We operate and report as one segment.

When visionary companies need to know how their world-changing ideas will perform, they close the gap between design and reality using Ansys simulation. For more than 50 years, Ansys software has enabled innovators across industries to push the boundaries of product design by using the predictive power of simulation. From sustainable transportation and advanced satellite systems to life-saving medical devices, Ansys powers innovation that drives human advancement.

Our strategy of Pervasive ~~Engineering Simulation™~~Insights seeks to deepen the use of simulation in our core market, to inject simulation throughout the product lifecycle and extend the accessibility to ~~embed~~a broader set of users and use cases. Our business has three vectors of growth:

•More products. Our broad and deep multiphysics portfolio enables us to grow with customers as they use simulation ~~into~~to solve more complex problems across a broad set of industries.

•More users. Investments in simulation education and user experience simplification has made simulation more accessible to a broader user base.

•More computations. Larger and more complex simulations drive more computation, requiring customers to use more Ansys licenses to complete their simulations.

Through decades of investments in the academic community and enhanced user experiences, our ~~partners' ecosystems.~~ solutions have become accessible and relevant beyond our core "engineering" end user, to reach more users upstream and downstream from our core, which is the product validation process. Our multiphysics solutions enable our customers to address increasingly complex R&D challenges from the component through the system and mission level of analysis. Our products seamlessly enable access to high performance compute capacity to run simulations, on-premises or in the cloud, which means our customers' R&D teams are unencumbered by compute capacity limitations that can hinder R&D cycle times.

The engineering software simulation market is strong and growing. The market growth is driven by customers' need for rapid, quality innovation in a cost efficient manner, enabling faster time to market offor new products and lower warranty costs. ~~We are investing in solutions to help engineers deal with increasing~~Increasing product complexity ~~in:~~is driving sustained demand for simulations. Key industry trends fueling customers' increasing needs for simulation include:

•~~Electrification, including electric vehicles;~~Electrification;

•~~Autonomy, including self-driving vehicles;~~Autonomy;

•~~5G and telecommunications;~~Connectivity;

•The industrial internet of things; and

•~~IIoT.~~Sustainability, including minimizing waste and physical prototyping, and improving circularity and development time.

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We have been investing and intend to continue to invest in our portfolio to broaden the ~~longer term, we are also investing in opportunities around digital twins~~range of physics and ~~simulation for additive manufacturing.~~enable customers to analyze the interactions among physics at the component, system and mission level. Our strategy of Pervasive ~~Engineering Simulation~~Insights is aligned with the near-term market ~~growth.~~growth opportunities and is laying the foundation for a future where simulation can be further democratized to broader classes of end-users and end-use cases.

To ~~support~~augment our ~~strategy of Pervasive Engineering Simulation,~~organic development roadmaps, we ~~will~~intend to continue ~~to follow a series of pillars that we believe will drive future growth. We will reinforce~~our strategic and extend our leadership in core and the high-growth solutions. We will build and grow our offerings and expertise in adjacencies to our current core competencies. We will also continue to pursue a smart and strategicdisciplined acquisition strategy to grow our ~~business, and we will~~business. Our strategy is to partner with ~~other~~ industry leaders to ~~broaden pervasive~~extend simulation into other ~~ecosystems. Importantly, we will continue to win in the right way,~~ecosystems and customer R&D workflows. Our business is built on a culture of high ethical standards and commitment to diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging.

We license our technology to businesses in a diverse set of industries, educational institutions and governmental agencies. We believe that the features, functionality and integrated multiphysics capabilities of our software products are as strong as they have ever been. ~~However, the~~The software business is generally characterized by long sales ~~cycles. These long sales~~ cycles which increase the difficulty of predicting sales for any particular quarter. We make many operational and strategic decisions based upon short- and long-term sales forecasts that are impacted not only by these long sales cycles, but also by current global economic conditions. As a result, we believe that our overall performance is best measured by fiscal year results rather than by quarterly results.

~~Management addresses~~

We address the competition and price pressure that ~~it faces~~we face in the short- and long-term by focusing on expanding the breadth, depth, ease of use and quality of the technologies, features, functionality and integrated multiphysics capabilities of our software products as compared to our competitors; investing in research and development to develop new and innovative products and ~~increase~~increasing the capabilities of our existing products; ~~supplying new products~~maintaining a diverse industry footprint and ~~services;~~ focusing on customer needs, training, consulting and support; and enhancing our distribution channels. We also evaluate and execute strategic acquisitions to supplement our global engineering talent, product offerings and distribution channels.

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Overview:

~~Update on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic~~

We continued to employ measures intended to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business in the first quarter. Remote access remained the primary means of work for much of our workforce. Remote work arrangements have not adversely affected our ability to maintain effective financial operations, including our financial reporting systems, internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Our direct and indirect sales and support teams continue to use collaborative technology to access both Ansys’ data centers and the public cloud, and to meet virtually with customers to mitigate disruptions to our sales pipeline. Our sales team continues to engage with customers around the world in a mix of virtual and in-person meetings, depending on the location specific guidelines and customer preferences. They continue to deliver customer value and generate business momentum.

Please see "Forward-Looking Information" herein and "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of our 2021 Form 10-K for discussion on additional business risks, including those associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Overall GAAP and Non-GAAP Results

This section includes a discussion of GAAP and non-GAAP results. For reconciliations of non-GAAP results to GAAP results, see the section titled "Non-GAAP Results" herein.

The 2023 period non-GAAP results exclude the income statement effects of ~~the acquisition accounting adjustments to deferred revenue from business combinations closed prior to 2022,~~ stock-based compensation, excess payroll taxes related to stock-based compensation, amortization of acquired intangible assets, ~~transaction~~ expenses related to business combinations and adjustments for the income tax effect of the excluded items. The 2022 period non-GAAP results also exclude the income statement effects of acquisition accounting adjustments to deferred revenue from business combinations closed prior to 2022. There is no adjustment in 2023 as the impact is not material.

Our GAAP and non-GAAP results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022 reflected the following growth rates:


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	GAAP		Non-GAAP
Revenue	19.8	%	18.9	%
Operating income	57.3	%	36.6	%
Diluted earnings per share	42.0	%	36.0	%

Our strong results reflect an increase in revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2023 due to broad-based growth across all license types. We also experienced increased operating expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to increased personnel costs. Additionally, the actual U.S. Dollar reported results were negatively impacted by a stronger U.S. Dollar.

This section also includes a discussion of constant currency results, which we use for financial and operational decision-making and as a means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons by excluding the effects of foreign currency fluctuations on the reported results. ~~Constant currency is a non-GAAP measure.~~ All constant currency results presented in this Item 2 exclude the effects of foreign currency fluctuations on the reported results. To present this information, the ~~2022~~2023 period results for entities whose functional currency is a currency other than the U.S. Dollar were converted to U.S. Dollars at rates that were in effect for the ~~2021~~2022 comparable period, rather than the actual exchange rates in effect for ~~2022.~~the 2023 period. Constant currency growth rates are calculated by adjusting the ~~2022~~2023 period reported ~~revenue and operating income~~ amounts by the ~~2022~~2023 period currency fluctuation impacts and comparing to the ~~2021~~2022 comparable period reported ~~revenue and operating income~~ amounts.

~~Our GAAP and non-GAAP results for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021 reflected the following variances:~~

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
GAAP Non-GAAP
Revenue 17.0 % 15.2 %
Operating income 62.3 % 19.3 %
Diluted earnings per share (1.2) % 21.4 %

Our results reflect an increase in revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2022 due to growth in subscription lease licenses, maintenance and service revenue. We also experienced increased operating expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to increased personnel costs, partially offset by decreased costs related to foreign exchange translation due to a stronger U.S. Dollar.

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Impact of Foreign Currency

Our comparative financial results were impacted by fluctuations in the U.S. Dollar during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 as compared to the three months ended March 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The impacts on our ~~GAAP and non-GAAP~~ revenue and operating income as a result of the fluctuations of the U.S. Dollar when measured against our ~~primary~~ foreign currencies based on 2022 period exchange rates are reflected in the table below. Amounts in brackets indicate an adverse impact from currency fluctuations.


		Three Months Ended March 31, 2022					Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(in thousands)	(in thousands)		GAAP		Non-GAAP			(in thousands)	GAAP		Non-GAAP
Revenue	Revenue		$	(11,325)	$	(11,389)		Revenue	$	(13,891)	$	(13,891)
Operating income	Operating income		$	(4,494)	$	(5,071)		Operating income	$	(3,903)	$	(4,392)

In constant currency, our ~~increases were~~growth was as follows:


		Three Months Ended March 31, 2022				Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
			GAAP		Non-GAAP			GAAP		Non-GAAP
Revenue	Revenue		20.1	%	18.2	%	Revenue	23.1	%	22.1	%
Operating income	Operating income		71.2	%	23.4	%	Operating income	62.1	%	39.6	%

Other Key Business Metric

Annual Contract Value (ACV)is ~~one of our~~a key performance ~~metrics~~metric and is useful to investors in assessing the strength and trajectory of our business. ~~Given that revenue~~ACV is ~~more volatile due to the upfront revenue recognition of perpetual licenses and multi-year subscription lease license sales, we provide ACV as~~ a supplemental metric to help evaluate the annual performance of the business. ~~Summed over~~Over the ~~long term,~~life of the contract, ACV ~~and~~equals the total value realized from a customer. ACV is not impacted by the timing of license revenue ~~are equal. However, there will be years in which~~recognition. ACV ~~growth lags revenue growth and other years in which ACV growth leads revenue growth. It~~ is used by management in financial and operational decision-making and in setting sales targets used for compensation. ACV is not a replacement for, and should be viewed independently of, GAAP revenue and deferred revenue as ACV is a performance metric and is not intended to be combined with any of these items. There is no GAAP measure comparable to ACV. ACV is composed of the following:

•the annualized value of maintenance and subscription lease contracts with start dates or anniversary dates during the period, plus

•the value of perpetual license contracts with start dates during the period, plus

•the annualized value of fixed-term services contracts with start dates or anniversary dates during the period, plus

•the value of work performed during the period on fixed-deliverable services contracts.

When we refer to the anniversary dates in the definition of ACV above, we are referencing the date of the beginning of the next twelve-month period in a contractually committed multi-year contract. If a contract is three years in duration, with a start date of July 1, 2023, the anniversary dates would be July 1, 2024 and July 1, 2025. We label these anniversary dates as they are contractually committed. While this contract would be up for renewal on July 1, 2026, our ACV performance metric does not assume any contract renewals.

Example 1: For purposes of calculating ACV, a $100,000 subscription lease contract or a $100,000 maintenance contract with a term of July 1, 2023 – June 30, 2024, would each contribute $100,000 to ACV for fiscal year 2023 with no contribution to ACV for fiscal year 2024.

Example 2: For purposes of calculating ACV, a $300,000 subscription lease contract or a $300,000 maintenance contract with a term of July 1, 2023 – June 30, 2026, would each contribute $100,000 to ACV in each of fiscal years 2023, 2024 and 2025. There would be no contribution to ACV for fiscal year 2026 as each period captures the full annual value upon the anniversary date.

Example 3: A perpetual license valued at $200,000 with a contract start date of March 1, 2023 would contribute $200,000 to ACV in fiscal year 2023.

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Our ACV was as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2022 2021 Change
Actual Constant Currency Actual Actual Constant
Currency
Amount Amount % Amount %
ACV $ 344,145 $ 353,792 $ 319,382 $ 24,763 7.8 $ 34,410 10.8


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except percentages)	2023				2022		Change
	Actual		Constant Currency		Actual		Actual				Constant Currency
	Amount						Amount		%		Amount		%
ACV	$	399,407	$	411,001	$	344,145	$	55,262	16.1	%	$	66,856	19.4

Our trailing twelve-month recurring ACV, ~~was as follows:~~

Twelve Months Ended March 31, Change
(in thousands, except percentages) 2022 2021 Amount %
Recurring ACV*
$ 1,529,385 $ 1,319,384 $ 210,001 15.9

*~~All periods are~~ converted from the functional currency to U.S. Dollars at the ~~2021~~2022 period monthly average exchange ~~rates.~~rates, was as follows:


	Twelve Months Ended March 31,				Change
(in thousands, except percentages)	2023		2022		Amount		%
Recurring ACV at 2022 monthly average exchange rates	$	1,713,249	$	1,457,904	$	255,345	17.5

Recurring ACV includes both subscription lease license and maintenance ACV and excludes perpetual license and service ACV.

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Industry Commentary:

~~The industry trends from 2021 carried into the first quarter of 2022 as high-tech,~~High-tech, aerospace & defense (A&D) and automotive ~~and aerospace and defense~~ continue to be our leading ~~industries. Our leading product portfolio~~industries in 2023 as our value proposition remains highly attractive as companies seek to ~~customers as they continue investing~~produce more competitive products while increasing the productivity and efficiency of engineering resources. Customers are heightening their focus on artificial intelligence and machine learning, driving growth in ~~simulation to reduce costs~~the high-tech industry. Mobile communications, automotive applications and ~~time-to-market while advancing~~three-dimensional integrated circuits were key segments of high-tech growth in the first quarter. Within the A&D industry, digital transformation technologies remain a necessity for government-led programs, supporting increased investment in our technology and ~~sustainability initiatives. In~~aiding elevated direct engagements across the ~~high-tech~~branched armed services and ~~semiconductor industry, growth was driven by customers seeking~~intelligence community. As automotive manufacturers increase their investments in the development of electric vehicles and advanced ~~simulation tools for 5G, high-performance computing, IoT and increasingly complex chip designs. Digital transformation initiatives~~driver-assistance systems, we continue to ~~be a tailwind for simulation, particularly~~see growth in the ~~defense sector, where model-based systems engineering and our core solvers support defense modernization.~~automotive industry. The construction industry also had strong growth as the capabilities of multiphysics solutions are a vital component of addressing the diverse needs of the marketplace, with projects ranging from smart city infrastructure to advanced manufacturing.

Geographic Trends:

The following ~~tables present~~table presents our ~~GAAP and non-GAAP~~ geographic revenue ~~variances~~growth using actual and constant currency rates during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 as compared to the three months ended March 31, ~~2021:~~2022:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
GAAP Non-GAAP
Actual Constant Currency Actual Constant Currency
Americas 28.3 % 28.4 % 23.4 % 23.4 %
EMEA 1.7 % 7.4 % 2.2 % 7.9 %
Asia-Pacific 14.8 % 20.2 % 15.0 % 20.3 %
Total 17.0 % 20.1 % 15.2 % 18.2 %


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	GAAP				Non-GAAP
	Actual		Constant Currency		Actual		Constant Currency
Americas	25.5	%	25.7	%	24.5	%	24.7	%
EMEA	15.3	%	20.6	%	14.2	%	19.5	%
Asia-Pacific	14.0	%	20.9	%	13.0	%	19.8	%
Total	19.8	%	23.1	%	18.9	%	22.1	%

The value and duration of multi-year subscription lease contracts executed during the period significantly impact the recognition of revenue. As a result, revenue may fluctuate, ~~significantly,~~ particularly on a quarterly basis, due to the timing of such contracts, relative differences in duration of long-term contracts from quarter to quarter and changes in the mix of license types sold compared to the prior year. Large swings in revenue growth rates are not necessarily indicative of customers' software usage changes or cash flows during the periods ~~presented.~~

Topresented.To drive growth, we continue to focus on a number of sales improvement activities across our geographic regions, including sales hiring, pipeline building, productivity initiatives and customer engagement activities.

Trade restrictions limited our ability to deliver products and services to customers in Russia and Belarus and certain entities in China. For context, the combined 2021 revenue for all customers in Russia and Belarus was $15.1 million, less than 1%

Table of our total 2021 revenue. Additional restrictions or a further deterioration in the trade environment in China or other parts of the world could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition. China's 2021 revenue represented 4.3% of our total 2021 revenue. Refer to additional details in Part I, "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our 2021 Form 10-K and Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of additional business risks, including those associated with the Russian invasion of Ukraine.Contents

Use of Estimates:

The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to contract revenue, standalone selling prices of our products and services, allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets, useful lives for depreciation and amortization, acquired deferred revenue, operating lease assets and liabilities, fair values of stock awards, deferred compensation, income taxes, uncertain tax positions, tax valuation reserves, and contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience, market experience, estimated future cash flows and various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Forward-Looking ~~Information:~~Information

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the ~~Private~~ Securities ~~Litigation Reform~~ Act of ~~1995.~~1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act). Forward-looking statements are statements that provide current expectations or forecasts of future events based on certain assumptions. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and factors relating to our business which could cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements use words such as "anticipate," "believe," "could," "estimate," "expect," "forecast," "intend," "likely," "may," "outlook," "plan," "predict," "project," "should," "target," or other words of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements include those about market opportunity, including our total addressable market. We caution readers not to place

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undue reliance upon any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

The risks associated with the following, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in any forward-looking statements:

•adverse conditions in the macroeconomic environment, including high inflation, recessionary conditions and volatility in equity and foreign exchange markets; political, economic and regulatory uncertainties in the countries and regions in which we ~~operate (including~~operate;

•impacts from tariffs, trade sanctions, export controls or other trade barriers including export control restrictions and licensing requirements for exports to China, and impacts from changes to diplomatic relations and trade policy between the ~~Russian invasion~~United States and Russia or the United States and other countries that may support Russia or take similar actions due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine;

•constrained credit and liquidity due to disruptions in the global economy and financial markets, which may limit or delay availability of ~~Ukraine);~~credit under our existing or new credit facilities, or which may limit our ability to obtain credit or financing on acceptable terms or at all;

•our ability to timely recruit and retain key personnel in a highly competitive labor market for skilled personnel, including potential financial impacts of wage inflation;

•impacts from tariffs, trade sanctions, export license requirements or other trade barriers (including impacts from changes to diplomatic relations and trade policy between the United States and Russia (or the United States and other countries that may support Russia or take similar actions) due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine);

•constrained credit and liquidity due to disruptions in the global economy and financial markets, that may limit or delay availability of credit under our existing or new credit facilities, or that may limit our ability to obtain credit or financing on acceptable terms or at all;

•current and future impacts of a natural disaster or catastrophe, including the COVID-19 pandemic and actions taken to address the pandemic by our customers, suppliers, regulatory authorities, and our business, on the global economy and our business and consolidated financial statements, and other public health and safety risks; and government actions or mandates surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic;

•declines in our customers’ businesses resulting in adverse changes in procurement patterns; disruptions in accounts receivable and cash flow due to customers’ liquidity challenges and commercial deterioration; uncertainties regarding demand for our products and services in the future and our customers’ acceptance of new products; delays or declines in anticipated sales due to reduced or altered sales and marketing interactions with customers; and potential variations in our sales forecast compared to actual sales;

•increased volatility in our revenue due to the timing, duration and value of multi-year subscription lease contracts; and our reliance on high renewal rates for annual subscription lease and maintenance contracts;

•our ability to protect our proprietary technology; cybersecurity threats or other security breaches, including in relation to breaches occurring through our products and an increased level of our activity that is occurring from remote global off-site locations; and disclosure and misuse of employee or customer data whether as a result of a cybersecurity incident or otherwise;

•our ability and our channel partners’ ability to comply with laws and regulations in relevant jurisdictions; and the outcome of contingencies, including legal proceedings, government or regulatory investigations and tax audit cases;

•uncertainty regarding income tax estimates in the jurisdictions in which we operate; and the effect of changes in tax laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate;

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•the quality of our products, including the strength of features, functionality and integrated ~~multi-physics~~multiphysics capabilities; our ability to develop and market new products to address the industry’s rapidly changing technology; failures or errors in our products and services; and increased pricing pressure as a result of the competitive environment in which we operate;

•investments in complementary companies, products, services and technologies; our ability to complete and successfully integrate our acquisitions and realize the financial and business benefits of the transactions; and the impact indebtedness incurred in connection with any acquisition could have on our operations;

•investments in global sales and marketing organizations and global business infrastructure; and dependence on our channel partners for the distribution of our products;

•current and potential future impacts of a global health crisis, natural disaster or catastrophe, and the actions taken to address these events by our customers, suppliers, regulatory authorities and our business, on the global economy and consolidated financial statements, and other public health and safety risks; and government actions or mandates;

•operational disruptions generally or specifically in connection with transitions to and from remote work environments; and the failure of our technological infrastructure or those of the service providers upon whom we rely including for infrastructure and cloud services;

•~~our~~ intention to repatriate previously taxed earnings ~~in excess of working capital needs~~ and to reinvest all other earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries;

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•plans for future capital spending; the extent of corporate benefits from such spending including with respect to customer relationship management; and higher than anticipated costs for research and development or a slowdown in our research and development activities;

•~~uncertainty regarding income tax estimates in~~our ability to execute on our strategies related to environmental, social, and governance matters, and meet evolving and varied expectations, including as a result of evolving regulatory and other standards, processes, and assumptions, the ~~jurisdictions in which we operate;~~pace of scientific and technological developments, increased costs and the ~~effect~~availability of requisite financing, and changes in ~~tax laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate;~~carbon markets; and

•other risks and uncertainties described in our reports filed from time to time with the SEC.

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Results of Operations

The results of operations discussed below are on a GAAP basis unless otherwise stated.

Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022

Revenue:


		Three Months Ended March 31,													Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except percentages)	(in thousands, except percentages)	2022				2021		Change						(in thousands, except percentages)	2023				2022		Change
		GAAP		Constant Currency		GAAP		GAAP			Constant Currency				GAAP		Constant Currency		GAAP		GAAP			Constant Currency
		Amount						Amount		%	Amount		%		Amount						Amount		%	Amount		%
Revenue:	Revenue:													Revenue:
Subscription lease licenses	Subscription lease licenses	$	91,457	$	93,283	$	65,077	$	26,380	40.5	$	28,206	43.3	Subscription lease licenses	$	147,922	$	150,501	$	91,457	$	56,465	61.7	$	59,044	64.6
Perpetual licenses	Perpetual licenses	65,988		67,577		67,527		(1,539)		(2.3)	50		0.1	Perpetual licenses	71,230		72,931		65,988		5,242		7.9	6,943		10.5
Software licenses	Software licenses	157,445		160,860		132,604		24,841		18.7	28,256		21.3	Software licenses	219,152		223,432		157,445		61,707		39.2	65,987		41.9
Maintenance	Maintenance	247,241		254,671		213,674		33,567		15.7	40,997		19.2	Maintenance	268,593		277,643		247,241		21,352		8.6	30,402		12.3
Service	Service	20,391		20,871		16,948		3,443		20.3	3,923		23.1	Service	21,702		22,263		20,391		1,311		6.4	1,872		9.2
Maintenance and service	Maintenance and service	267,632		275,542		230,622		37,010		16.0	44,920		19.5	Maintenance and service	290,295		299,906		267,632		22,663		8.5	32,274		12.1
Total revenue	Total revenue	$	425,077	$	436,402	$	363,226	$	61,851	17.0	$	73,176	20.1	Total revenue	$	509,447	$	523,338	$	425,077	$	84,370	19.8	$	98,261	23.1

Revenue for the quarter ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 increased ~~17.0%~~19.8% compared to the quarter ended March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, or ~~20.1%~~23.1% in constant currency. ~~The growth rate was favorably impacted by our continued investment in our global sales, support and marketing organizations, and the timing and duration of our multi-year subscription lease contracts.~~ Subscription lease license revenue increased ~~40.5%~~61.7%, or ~~43.3%~~64.6% in constant currency, as compared to the ~~prior-year quarter. Annual maintenance contracts that were sold~~quarter ended March 31, 2022, with ~~new perpetual licenses, maintenance contracts for new perpetual licenses sold~~substantially all of the increase attributable to additional sales to our existing customers. The reported $56.5 million increase in ~~previous quarters, maintenance renewals and the maintenance portion of subscription~~ lease license ~~contracts collectively contributed~~revenue was attributable to ~~maintenance~~a $53.2 million increase in value from multi-year licenses and a $3.3 million increase in value from annual licenses. Maintenance revenue growth of ~~15.7%~~8.6%, or ~~19.2% in constant currency. Service revenue increased 20.3%, or 23.1%~~12.3% in constant currency, ~~as compared~~is correlated with the license sales discussed earlier in this paragraph and is driven substantially by our existing customer base. The reported $21.4 million growth in maintenance revenue was attributable to ~~the prior-year quarter.~~a $32.1 million increase in maintenance associated with lease licenses, partially offset by a $10.8 million decrease in maintenance associated with perpetual sales. Perpetual license revenue, which is derived from new sales during the ~~quarter, decreased 2.3%~~three months ended March 31, 2023, increased 7.9%, or ~~was flat~~10.5% in constant currency, as compared to the ~~prior-year quarter.~~three months ended March 31, 2022. Driving the increase in perpetual license revenue was a 6.4% increase in average deal size and a 1.5% increase in volume of deals.

We continue to experience increased demand from our customers for contracts that often include longer-term, ~~time-based licenses~~subscription leases involving a larger number of our software products. These arrangements typically involve a higher overall transaction price. The upfront recognition of license revenue related to these larger transactions can result in significant subscription lease ~~license~~ revenue volatility. Software products, across a large variety of applications and industries, are increasingly distributed in software-as-a-service, cloud and other subscription environments in which the licensing approach is time-based rather than perpetual. This preference could result in a shift from perpetual licenses to time-based licenses, such as subscription leases, over the long term.

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With respect to revenue, on average for the quarter ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the U.S. Dollar was ~~6.4%~~6.7% stronger, when measured against our ~~primary~~ foreign currencies, than for the quarter ended March 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The table below presents the net impacts of currency fluctuations on revenue for the quarter ended March 31, ~~2022.~~2023. Amounts in brackets indicate an adverse impact from currency fluctuations.


(in thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023
~~Euro~~	~~(5,648)~~
Japanese Yen	~~(3,440)~~$	(4,954)
Euro	(4,030)
South Korean Won	~~(1,655)~~(1,298)
British Pound	(1,062)
Indian Rupee	(908)
Taiwan Dollar	(743)
Other	~~(582)~~(896)
Total	$	~~(11,325)~~(13,891)

~~The impacts from currency fluctuations resulted in decreased operating income of $4.5 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2021.~~

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As a percentage of revenue, our international and domestic revenues, and our direct and indirect revenues, were as follows:


		Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022		2021			2023		2022
International	International	53.5	%	58.0	%	International	51.6	%	53.5	%
Domestic	Domestic	46.5	%	42.0	%	Domestic	48.4	%	46.5	%

Direct	Direct	72.4	%	71.8	%	Direct	76.3	%	72.4	%
Indirect	Indirect	27.6	%	28.2	%	Indirect	23.7	%	27.6	%

~~In valuing deferred~~The shift reflected above from indirect to direct revenue ~~on the balance sheets~~was driven primarily by our previously announced acquisition of DYNAmore, a channel partner that was formerly captured in our recent acquisitions as of their respective acquisition dates, we applied the fair value provisions applicable to the accounting for business combinations closed prior to 2022, resulting in a reduction of deferred revenue as compared to the historical carrying amount. As a result, our post-acquisition revenue will be less than the sum of what would have otherwise been reported by us and each acquiree absent the acquisitions. The impacts on reported revenue were $3.6 million and $8.9 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The expected impacts on reported revenue are $2.1 million and $7.4 million for the quarter ending June 30, 2022 and the year ending December 31, 2022, respectively.indirect business.

Deferred Revenue and Backlog:

Deferred revenue consists of billings made or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from customer agreements. The deferred revenue on our condensed consolidated balance ~~sheets~~sheet does not represent the total value of annual or multi-year, noncancellable agreements. Our backlog represents deferred revenue associated with installment billings for periods beyond the current quarterly billing cycle and committed contracts with start dates beyond the end of the current period. Our deferred revenue and backlog as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 consisted of the following:


		Balance at March 31, 2022							Balance at March 31, 2023
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	Total		Current		Long-Term		(in thousands)	Total		Current		Long-Term
Deferred revenue	Deferred revenue	$	405,120	$	386,019	$	19,101	Deferred revenue	$	417,069	$	396,331	$	20,738
Backlog	Backlog	798,055		360,018		438,037		Backlog	940,415		428,913		511,502
Total	Total	$	1,203,175	$	746,037	$	457,138	Total	$	1,357,484	$	825,244	$	532,240


		Balance at December 31, 2021							Balance at December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	Total		Current		Long-Term		(in thousands)	Total		Current		Long-Term
Deferred revenue	Deferred revenue	$	412,781	$	391,528	$	21,253	Deferred revenue	$	435,758	$	413,989	$	21,769
Backlog	Backlog	845,079		373,334		471,745		Backlog	981,088		432,323		548,765
Total	Total	$	1,257,860	$	764,862	$	492,998	Total	$	1,416,846	$	846,312	$	570,534

Revenue associated with deferred revenue and backlog that will be recognized in the subsequent twelve months is classified as current in the tables above.

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Cost of Sales and Operating Expenses:

The tables below reflect our operating results on both a GAAP and constant currency basis. Amounts included in the discussions that follow each table are provided in constant currency and are inclusive of costs related to our acquisitions. The impact of foreign exchange translation is discussed separately, where material.


		Three Months Ended March 31,																Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022						2021			Change							2023					2022			Change
		GAAP			Constant Currency			GAAP			GAAP			Constant Currency				GAAP			Constant Currency		GAAP			GAAP			Constant Currency
(in thousands, except percentages)	(in thousands, except percentages)	Amount		% of Revenue	Amount		% of Revenue	Amount		% of Revenue	Amount		%	Amount		%	(in thousands, except percentages)	Amount		% of Revenue	Amount	% of Revenue	Amount		% of Revenue	Amount		%	Amount		%
Cost of sales:	Cost of sales:																Cost of sales:
Software licenses	Software licenses	$	8,436	2.0	$	8,457	1.9	$	7,606	2.1	$	830	10.9	$	851	11.2	Software licenses	$	11,744	2.3	11,981	2.3	$	8,436	2.0	$	3,308	39.2	$	3,545	42.0
Amortization	Amortization	17,252		4.1	17,434		4.0	14,949		4.1	2,303		15.4	2,485		16.6	Amortization	19,618		3.9	19,855	3.8	17,252		4.1	2,366		13.7	2,603		15.1
Maintenance and service	Maintenance and service	39,072		9.2	40,233		9.2	39,548		10.9	(476)		(1.2)	685		1.7	Maintenance and service	36,290		7.1	37,660	7.2	39,072		9.2	(2,782)		(7.1)	(1,412)		(3.6)
Total cost of sales	Total cost of sales	64,760		15.2	66,124		15.2	62,103		17.1	2,657		4.3	4,021		6.5	Total cost of sales	67,652		13.3	69,496	13.3	64,760		15.2	2,892		4.5	4,736		7.3
Gross profit	Gross profit	$	360,317	84.8	$	370,278	84.8	$	301,123	82.9	$	59,194	19.7	$	69,155	23.0	Gross profit	$	441,795	86.7	453,842	86.7	$	360,317	84.8	$	81,478	22.6	$	93,525	26.0

Software Licenses: The increase in the cost of software licenses was primarily due to increased third-party royalties of ~~$1.0~~$3.4 million.

Amortization: The increase in amortization expense was primarily due to the amortization of newly acquired intangible assets.

Maintenance and Service: The ~~net~~ decrease in maintenance and service costs was primarily due to the following:

•Decreased salaries of $1.8 million.

•Decreased costs related to foreign exchange translation of ~~$1.2~~$1.4 million due to a stronger U.S. Dollar.

•~~Decreased stock-based compensation of $1.0 million.~~

•~~Increased salaries, incentive compensation and other headcount-related costs of $1.0 million.~~

•~~Increased IT maintenance and software hosting costs of $0.7 million.~~

The improvement in gross profit was a result of the increase in revenue, partially offset by ~~the~~an increase in the cost of sales.

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		Three Months Ended March 31,																Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022						2021			Change							2023						2022			Change
		GAAP			Constant Currency			GAAP			GAAP			Constant Currency				GAAP			Constant Currency			GAAP			GAAP			Constant Currency
(in thousands, except percentages)	(in thousands, except percentages)	Amount		% of Revenue	Amount		% of Revenue	Amount		% of Revenue	Amount		%	Amount		%	(in thousands, except percentages)	Amount		% of Revenue	Amount		% of Revenue	Amount		% of Revenue	Amount		%	Amount		%
Operating expenses:	Operating expenses:																Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	Selling, general and administrative	$	169,755	39.9	$	173,290	39.7	$	146,215	40.3	$	23,540	16.1	$	27,075	18.5	Selling, general and administrative	$	188,584	37.0	$	194,130	37.1	$	169,755	39.9	$	18,829	11.1	$	24,375	14.4
Research and development	Research and development	105,274		24.8	107,087		24.5	100,479		27.7	4,795		4.8	6,608		6.6	Research and development	120,335		23.6	122,793		23.5	105,274		24.8	15,061		14.3	17,519		16.6
Amortization	Amortization	4,125		1.0	4,244		1.0	4,407		1.2	(282)		(6.4)	(163)		(3.7)	Amortization	5,181		1.0	5,321		1.0	4,125		1.0	1,056		25.6	1,196		29.0
Total operating expenses	Total operating expenses	279,154		65.7	284,621		65.2	251,101		69.1	28,053		11.2	33,520		13.3	Total operating expenses	314,100		61.7	322,244		61.6	279,154		65.7	34,946		12.5	43,090		15.4
Operating income	Operating income	$	81,163	19.1	$	85,657	19.6	$	50,022	13.8	$	31,141	62.3	$	35,635	71.2	Operating income	$	127,695	25.1	$	131,598	25.1	$	81,163	19.1	$	46,532	57.3	$	50,435	62.1

Selling, General and Administrative: The net increase in selling, general and administrative costs was primarily due to the following:

•Increased salaries ~~incentive compensation~~ and other headcount-related costs of ~~$14.0~~$14.3 million.

•~~Increased stock-based compensation of $3.2 million.~~

•~~Increased consulting costs of $2.5 million.~~

•~~Increased bad debt expense of $2.3 million due to the write-off of receivables due from Russian customers as a result of sanctions imposed related to Russia's invasion of Ukraine.~~

•Increased business travel of ~~$2.1~~$5.2 million as in-person meetings and live attendance at trade events have continued to expand.

•Increased ~~marketing expenses~~stock-based compensation of ~~$1.9~~$3.5 million.

•Increased ~~IT maintenance and software hosting costs~~marketing expenses of ~~$1.3~~$1.6 million.

•Decreased costs related to foreign exchange translation of ~~$3.5~~$5.5 million due to a stronger U.S. Dollar.

•Decreased bad debt expense of $2.4 million.

We anticipate that we will continue to make targeted investments in our global sales and marketing organizations and our global business infrastructure to enhance and support our revenue-generating activities.

Research and Development: The net increase in research and development costs was primarily due to the following:

•Increased salaries, incentive compensation and other headcount-related costs of ~~$6.3~~$9.6 million.

•Increased ~~IT maintenance and software hosting costs~~stock-based compensation of ~~$1.4~~$4.7 million.

•Decreased costs related to foreign exchange translation of ~~$1.8~~$2.5 million due to a stronger U.S. Dollar.

•~~Decreased stock-based compensation of $1.7 million.~~

We have traditionally invested significant resources in research and development activities and ~~intend~~expect to continue to make investments in expanding the ease of use and capabilities of our broad portfolio of simulation software products.

The impacts from currency fluctuations resulted in decreased operating income of $3.9 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2022.

Interest ~~Income:~~Income: Interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $4.1 million as compared to $0.5 million for the ~~quarters~~three months ended March 31, ~~2022 and March 31, 2021.~~2022. The higher interest rate environment and the related increase in the average rate of return on invested cash balances was partially offset by athe lower invested cash ~~balance.~~balance, as a result of investments in acquisitions and share repurchases.

Interest Expense: Interest expense for the quarter ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 was ~~$3.0~~$10.8 million as compared to ~~$3.3~~$3.0 million for the quarter ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 due to a ~~lower~~higher interest rate ~~and lower principal balances on our term loans.~~environment.

Other Expense, net: Other expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 was $0.2 million as compared to other expense of $0.7 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2022. Other expense consisted primarily of foreign currency losses.

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~~Other (Expense) Income, net:~~ Other expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 was $0.7 million as compared to other income of $0.4 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2021. Other (expense) income consisted primarily of foreign currency exchange activity.

Income Tax ~~Provision (Benefit):~~Provision: Our income before income tax provision, ~~(benefit),~~ income tax provision ~~(benefit)~~ and effective tax rates were as follows:


		Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except percentages)	(in thousands, except percentages)	2022			2021			(in thousands, except percentages)	2023			2022
Income before income tax provision (benefit)		$	78,029		$	47,623
Income tax provision (benefit)		$	7,041		$	(24,775)
Income before income tax provision								Income before income tax provision	$	120,838		$	78,029
Income tax provision								Income tax provision	$	20,216		$	7,041
Effective tax rate	Effective tax rate	9.0		%	(52.0)		%	Effective tax rate	16.7		%	9.0		%

The increase in the effective tax rate from the first quarter of ~~2021~~2022 was primarily due to decreased benefits related to stock-based ~~compensation.~~compensation, many of which were recognized discretely.

When compared to the federal and state combined statutory rate for each respective period, the effective tax rates for the quarters ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were favorably impacted by tax benefits from stock-based compensation, the foreign-derived intangible income (FDII) deduction and research and development credits, partially offset by the impact of non-deductible compensation.

Net Income: Our net income, diluted earnings per share and weighted average shares used in computing diluted earnings per share were as follows:


		Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	(in thousands, except per share data)	2022		2021		(in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022
Net income	Net income	$	70,988	$	72,398	Net income	$	100,622	$	70,988
Diluted earnings per share	Diluted earnings per share	$	0.81	$	0.82	Diluted earnings per share	$	1.15	$	0.81
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	87,750		87,986		Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	87,431		87,750

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Non-GAAP Results

We provide non-GAAP revenue, non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP gross profit margin, non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating profit margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share as supplemental measures to GAAP regarding our operational performance. These financial measures exclude the impact of certain items and, therefore, have not been calculated in accordance with GAAP. A detailed explanation and a reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure to its most comparable GAAP financial measure are included below.


ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES	ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES															ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Reconciliations of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures	Reconciliations of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures															Reconciliations of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures
(Unaudited)	(Unaudited)															(Unaudited)
		Three Months Ended															Three Months Ended
		March 31, 2022															March 31, 2023
(in thousands, except percentages and per share data)	(in thousands, except percentages and per share data)	Revenue		Gross Profit		%		Operating Income		%		Net Income		EPS - Diluted1		(in thousands, except percentages and per share data)	Revenue		Gross Profit		%		Operating Income		%		Net Income		EPS - Diluted1
Total GAAP	Total GAAP	$	425,077	$	360,317	84.8	%	$	81,163	19.1	%	$	70,988	$	0.81	Total GAAP	$	509,447	$	441,795	86.7	%	$	127,695	25.1	%	$	100,622	$	1.15
Acquisition accounting for deferred revenue		3,560		3,560		0.1	%	3,560		0.7	%	3,560		0.04

Stock-based compensation expense	Stock-based compensation expense	—		2,563		0.6	%	35,651		8.3	%	35,651		0.41		Stock-based compensation expense	—		2,878		0.6	%	44,171		8.7	%	44,171		0.50
Excess payroll taxes related to stock-based awards	Excess payroll taxes related to stock-based awards	—		417		0.1	%	5,053		1.2	%	5,053		0.06		Excess payroll taxes related to stock-based awards	—		284		0.1	%	4,076		0.8	%	4,076		0.05
Amortization of intangible assets from acquisitions	Amortization of intangible assets from acquisitions	—		17,252		4.0	%	21,377		5.0	%	21,377		0.24		Amortization of intangible assets from acquisitions	—		19,618		3.8	%	24,799		4.8	%	24,799		0.28
Transaction expenses related to business combinations		—		—		—	%	1,738		0.4	%	1,738		0.02
Expenses related to business combinations																Expenses related to business combinations	—		—		—	%	2,192		0.4	%	2,192		0.03

Adjustment for income tax effect	Adjustment for income tax effect	—		—		—	%	—		—	%	(19,132)		(0.22)		Adjustment for income tax effect	—		—		—	%	—		—	%	(14,097)		(0.16)
Total non-GAAP	Total non-GAAP	$	428,637	$	384,109	89.6	%	$	148,542	34.7	%	$	119,235	$	1.36	Total non-GAAP	$	509,447	$	464,575	91.2	%	$	202,933	39.8	%	$	161,763	$	1.85

1 Diluted weighted average shares were 87,431.





	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2022
(in thousands, except percentages and per share data)	Revenue		Gross Profit		%		Operating Income		%		Net Income		EPS - Diluted1
Total GAAP	$	425,077	$	360,317	84.8	%	$	81,163	19.1	%	$	70,988	$	0.81
Acquisition accounting for deferred revenue	3,560		3,560		0.1	%	3,560		0.7	%	3,560		0.04
Stock-based compensation expense	—		2,563		0.6	%	35,651		8.3	%	35,651		0.41
Excess payroll taxes related to stock-based awards	—		417		0.1	%	5,053		1.2	%	5,053		0.06
Amortization of intangible assets from acquisitions	—		17,252		4.0	%	21,377		5.0	%	21,377		0.24
Expenses related to business combinations	—		—		—	%	1,738		0.4	%	1,738		0.02


Adjustment for income tax effect	—		—		—	%	—		—	%	(19,132)		(0.22)
Total non-GAAP	$	428,637	$	384,109	89.6	%	$	148,542	34.7	%	$	119,235	$	1.36

1 Diluted weighted average shares were 87,750.

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2021
(in thousands, except percentages and per share data) Revenue Gross Profit % Operating Income % Net Income
EPS - Diluted1
Total GAAP $ 363,226 $ 301,123 82.9 % $ 50,022 13.8 % $ 72,398 $ 0.82
Acquisition accounting for deferred revenue 8,923 8,923 0.4 % 8,923 2.0 % 8,923 0.10
Stock-based compensation expense — 3,562 1.0 % 35,119 9.5 % 35,119 0.41
Excess payroll taxes related to stock-based awards — 865 0.2 % 9,135 2.5 % 9,135 0.10
Amortization of intangible assets from acquisitions — 14,949 4.0 % 19,356 5.2 % 19,356 0.22
Transaction expenses related to business combinations — — — % 1,970 0.5 % 1,970 0.02
Adjustment for income tax effect — — — % — — % (47,979) (0.55)
Total non-GAAP $ 372,149 $ 329,422 88.5 % $ 124,525 33.5 % $ 98,922 $ 1.12

1 ~~Diluted weighted average shares were 87,986.~~

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We use non-GAAP financial measures (a) to evaluate our historical and prospective financial performance as well as our performance relative to our competitors, (b) to set internal sales targets and spending budgets, (c) to allocate resources, (d) to measure operational profitability and the accuracy of forecasting, (e) to assess financial discipline over operational expenditures and (f) as an important factor in determining variable compensation for management and employees. In addition, many financial analysts that follow us focus on and publish both historical results and future projections based on non-GAAP financial measures. We believe that it is in the best interest of our investors to provide this information to analysts so that they accurately report the non-GAAP financial information. Moreover, investors have historically requested, and we have historically reported, these non-GAAP financial measures as a means of providing consistent and comparable information with past reports of financial results.

While we believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful supplemental information to investors, there are limitations associated with the use of these non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with GAAP, are not reported by all our competitors and may not be directly comparable to similarly titled measures of our competitors due to potential differences in the exact method of calculation. We compensate for these limitations by using these non-GAAP financial measures as supplements to GAAP financial measures and by reviewing the reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures to their most comparable GAAP financial measures.

The adjustments to these non-GAAP financial measures, and the basis for such adjustments, are outlined below:

Acquisition accounting for deferred revenue. Historically, we have consummated acquisitions in order to support our strategic and other business objectives. Under prior accounting guidance, a fair value provision resulted in acquired deferred revenue that was often recorded on the opening balance sheet at an amount that was lower than the historical carrying value. Although this fair value provision has no impact on our business or cash flow, it adversely impacts our reported GAAP revenue in the reporting periods following an acquisition. In 2022, we adopted accounting guidance which eliminates the fair value provision that resulted in the deferred revenue adjustment on a prospective basis. In order to provide investors with financial information that facilitates comparison of both historical and future results, we ~~provide~~have historically provided non-GAAP financial measures which exclude the impact of the acquisition accounting adjustment for acquisitions prior to the adoption of the new guidance in 2022. ~~We believe that this~~The 2022 non-GAAP financial measures presented in this document include the adjustment to exclude the income statement effects of acquisition accounting adjustments to deferred revenue from business combinations closed prior to 2022. There is useful to investors because it allows investors to (a) evaluate the effectiveness of the methodology and information used by us in our financial and operational decision-making, and (b) compare our past and future reports of financial resultsno adjustment included for 2023 as the ~~revenue reduction related to acquired deferred revenue will~~impact is not ~~recur when related subscription lease licenses and software maintenance contracts are renewed in future periods.~~material.

Amortization of intangible assets from acquisitions. We incur amortization of intangible assets, included in our GAAP presentation of amortization expense, related to various acquisitions we have made. We exclude these expenses for the purpose of calculating non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP gross profit margin, non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating profit margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share when we evaluate our continuing operational performance because these costs are fixed at the time of an acquisition, are then amortized over a period of several years after the acquisition and generally cannot be changed or influenced by us after the acquisition. Accordingly, we do not consider these expenses for purposes of evaluating our performance during the applicable time period after the acquisition, and we exclude such expenses when making decisions to allocate resources. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors because they allow investors to (a) evaluate the effectiveness of the methodology and information used by us in our financial and operational decision-making, and (b) compare our past reports of financial results as we have historically reported these non-GAAP financial measures.

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Stock-based compensation expense. We incur expense related to stock-based compensation included in our GAAP presentation of cost of maintenance and service; research and development expense; and selling, general and administrative expense. This non-GAAP adjustment also includes excess payroll tax expense related to stock-based compensation. Although stock-based compensation is an expense and viewed as a form of compensation, we exclude these expenses for the purpose of calculating non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP gross profit margin, non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating profit margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share when we evaluate our continuing operational performance. Specifically, we exclude stock-based compensation during our annual budgeting process and our quarterly and annual assessments of our performance. The annual budgeting process is the primary mechanism whereby we allocate resources to various initiatives and operational requirements. Additionally, the annual review by our board of directors during which it compares our historical business model and profitability to the planned business model and profitability for the forthcoming year excludes the impact of stock-based compensation. In evaluating the performance of our senior management and department managers, charges related to stock-based compensation are excluded from expenditure and profitability results. In fact, we record stock-based compensation expense into a stand-alone cost center for which no single operational manager is responsible or accountable. In this way, we can review, on a period-to-period basis, each manager's performance and assess financial discipline over operational expenditures without the effect of stock-based compensation. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors because they allow investors to (a) evaluate our operating results and the

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effectiveness of the methodology used by us to review our operating results, and (b) review historical comparability in our financial reporting as well as comparability with competitors' operating results.

~~Transaction expenses~~Expenses related to business combinations. We incur expenses for professional services rendered in connection with business combinations, which are included in our GAAP presentation of selling, general and administrative expense. We also incur other expenses directly related to business combinations, including compensation expenses and concurrent restructuring activities, such as employee severances and other exit costs. These ~~expenses~~costs are ~~generally not tax-deductible.~~included in our GAAP presentation of selling, general and administrative and research and development expenses. We exclude these acquisition-related ~~transaction~~ expenses ~~derived from announced acquisitions,~~ for the purpose of calculating non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating profit margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share when we evaluate our continuing operational performance, as we generally would not have otherwise incurred these expenses in the periods presented as a part of our operations. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors because they allow investors to (a) evaluate our operating results and the effectiveness of the methodology used by us to review our operating results, and (b) review historical comparability in our financial reporting as well as comparability with competitors' operating results.

Non-GAAP tax provision. We utilize a normalized non-GAAP annual effective tax rate (AETR) to calculate non-GAAP measures. This methodology provides better consistency across interim reporting periods by eliminating the effects of non-recurring items and aligning the non-GAAP tax rate with our expected geographic earnings mix. To project this rate, we analyzed our historic and projected non-GAAP earnings mix by geography along with other factors such as our current tax structure, recurring tax credits and incentives, and expected tax positions. On an annual basis we ~~will~~ re-evaluate and update this rate for significant items that may materially affect our projections.

Non-GAAP financial measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative for, GAAP. Our non-GAAP financial measures are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable GAAP financial measures and should be read only in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP.

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We have provided a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures as listed below:


GAAP Reporting Measure			Non-GAAP Reporting Measure
Revenue			Non-GAAP Revenue
Gross Profit			Non-GAAP Gross Profit
Gross Profit Margin			Non-GAAP Gross Profit Margin
Operating Income			Non-GAAP Operating Income
Operating Profit Margin			Non-GAAP Operating Profit Margin
Net Income			Non-GAAP Net Income
Diluted Earnings Per Share			Non-GAAP Diluted Earnings Per Share

Constant currency. In addition to the non-GAAP financial measures detailed above, we use constant currency results for financial and operational decision-making and as a means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons by excluding the effects of foreign currency fluctuations on the reported results. To present this information, the ~~2022~~2023 results for entities whose functional currency is a currency other than the U.S. Dollar were converted to U.S. Dollars at rates that were in effect for the ~~2021~~2022 comparable period, rather than the actual exchange rates in effect for ~~2022.~~the 2023 period. Constant currency growth rates are calculated by adjusting the ~~2022~~2023 reported amounts by the ~~2022~~2023 currency fluctuation impacts and comparing the adjusted amounts to the ~~2021~~2022 comparable period reported amounts. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors because they allow investors to (a) evaluate the effectiveness of the methodology and information used by us in our financial and operational decision-making, and (b) compare our reported results to our past reports of financial results without the effects of foreign currency fluctuations.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources


													Change
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		Change		(in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		Amount		%
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments	Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	657,765	$	668,028	$	(10,263)	Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	507,854	$	614,574	$	(106,720)	(17.4)
Working capital	Working capital	$	815,258	$	860,082	$	(44,824)	Working capital	$	733,161	$	869,286	$	(136,125)	(15.7)

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments such as money market funds and deposits held at major banks. Short-term investments consist primarily of deposits held by certain of our foreign subsidiaries with original maturities of three months to one year. The following table presents our foreign and domestic holdings of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


(in thousands, except percentages)	(in thousands, except percentages)	March 31, 2022		% of Total	December 31, 2021		% of Total	(in thousands, except percentages)	March 31, 2023		% of Total	December 31, 2022		% of Total
Domestic	Domestic	$	336,413	51.1	$	365,390	54.7	Domestic	$	204,556	40.3	$	326,784	53.2
Foreign	Foreign	321,352		48.9	302,638		45.3	Foreign	303,298		59.7	287,790		46.8
Total	Total	$	657,765		$	668,028		Total	$	507,854		$	614,574

In general, it is our intention to permanently reinvest all earnings in excess of previously taxed amounts. Substantially all of the pre-2018 earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries were taxed through the transition tax and post-2018 current earnings are taxed as part of global intangible low-taxed income tax expense. These taxes increase our previously taxed earnings and allow for the repatriation of the majority of our foreign earnings without any residual U.S. federal tax. ~~While we believe that the financial reporting bases may be greater than the tax bases~~Unrecognized provisions for taxes on indefinitely reinvested undistributed earnings of ~~investments in~~ foreign subsidiaries for any earnings in excess of previously taxed amounts, such amounts are considered permanently reinvested. The cumulative temporary difference related to such permanently reinvested earnings is $61.6 million and we would ~~anticipate the tax effect on those earnings to~~not be ~~immaterial.~~significant.

The amount of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments held by foreign subsidiaries is subject to translation adjustments caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates as of the end of each respective reporting period, the offset to which is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities


		Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended March 31,				Change
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021		Change		(in thousands)	2023		2022		Amount		%
Net cash provided by operating activities	Net cash provided by operating activities	$	210,936	$	171,107	$	39,829	Net cash provided by operating activities	$	260,766	$	210,936	$	49,830	23.6

Net cash provided by operating activities increased during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the three months ended March 31, ~~2021 due to increased net income (net of non-cash operating adjustments) of $5.9 million and increased net cash flows from operating assets and liabilities of $33.9 million.~~2022. The growth in net cash provided by operating activities was a result of increased customer receipts ~~due to a strong close to 2021 and lower tax payments,~~driven primarily by ACV growth, partially offset by ~~additional cash outflows~~increased payments related to ~~increased~~higher operating ~~expenses~~expense, interest and income tax payments as compared to the three months ended March 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities


		Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended March 31,				Change
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021		Change		(in thousands)	2023		2022		Amount		%
Net cash used in investing activities	Net cash used in investing activities	$	(9,964)	$	(15,863)	$	5,899	Net cash used in investing activities	$	(128,390)	$	(9,964)	$	(118,426)	(1,188.5)

Net cash used in investing activities ~~decreased~~increased by ~~$5.9~~$118.4 million during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 due to ~~decreased~~increased acquisition-related net cash outlays of ~~$5.9~~$115.7 million. We currently plan capital spending of ~~$25.0~~$28.0 million to ~~$35.0~~$38.0 million during fiscal year ~~2022~~2023 as compared to the ~~$23.0~~$24.4 million that was spent in fiscal year ~~2021.~~2022. The level of spending will depend on various factors, including the growth of the business and general economic conditions.

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Cash Flows from Financing Activities


		Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended March 31,				Change
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021		Change		(in thousands)	2023		2022		Amount		%
Net cash used in financing activities	Net cash used in financing activities	$	(204,645)	$	(74,208)	$	(130,437)	Net cash used in financing activities	$	(240,828)	$	(204,645)	$	(36,183)	(17.7)

Net cash used in financing activities increased during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 due to increased stock repurchases of ~~$155.6~~$40.9 million, partially offset by decreased restricted stock withholding taxes paid in lieu of issued shares of ~~$26.9~~$6.3 million.

Other Cash Flow Information

On June 30, 2022, we entered into the 2022 Credit Agreement with PNC Bank, National Association as administrative agent, swing line lender, and an L/C issuer, the lenders party thereto, and the other L/C issuers party thereto. The 2022 Credit Agreement refinanced our previous credit agreements in their entirety. The 2022 Credit Agreement provides for a $755.0 million unsecured term loan facility and a $500.0 million unsecured revolving loan facility, which includes a $50.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit. Terms used in this description of the 2022 Credit Agreement with initial capital letters that are not otherwise defined herein are as defined in the 2022 Credit Agreement.

As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the carrying value of our term ~~loans~~loan was $753.7 million, with ~~$9.1 million in~~no principal payments due in the next twelve months. Borrowings under the term ~~loans~~loan and revolving loan facilities accrue interest at a rate that is based on the ~~Eurodollar rate~~Term SOFR plus an applicable margin or at the base rate plus an applicable margin, at our election. The base rate is the ~~applicable margin plus the~~ highest of (i) the ~~federal funds rate~~Overnight Bank Funding Rate, plus 0.500%, (ii) the PNC Bank, ~~of America~~National Association prime rate, and (iii) ~~the Eurodollar rate~~Daily Simple SOFR plus ~~1.000%~~an adjustment for SOFR plus 1.00%. The applicable margin for ~~these~~the borrowings is a percentage per annum based on the lower of (1) a pricing level determined by our then-current consolidated net leverage ratio and (2) a pricing level determined by our public debt ~~ratings~~rating (if ~~such debt ratings exist)~~available). The rate in effect for the second quarter under the 2022 Credit Agreement is 5.87%.

We previously entered into operating lease commitments, primarily for our domestic and international offices. The commitments related to these operating leases is ~~$151.6~~$148.9 million, of which ~~$25.8~~$27.5 million is due in the next twelve months.

~~In May 2022, we completed various strategic acquisitions for a combined purchase price of $249.0 million. These acquisitions were funded with existing cash balances.~~

We believe that existing cash and cash equivalent balances after these acquisitions, together with cash generated from operations and access to the $500.0 million Revolving Credit Facility, will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements through the next twelve months. Our cash requirements in the future may also be financed through additional equity or debt financings. However, future disruptions in the capital markets could make financing more challenging, and there can be no assurance that such financing can be obtained on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

Under our stock repurchase program, we repurchased shares as follows:


	~~Three Months Ended~~
~~(in thousands, except per share data)~~	March 31, 2022		March 31, 2021
~~Number of shares repurchased~~	~~500~~		—
~~Average price paid per share~~	$	~~311.14~~	$	—
~~Total cost~~	$	~~155,571~~	$	—


	Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data)	March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
Number of shares repurchased	650		500
Average price paid per share	$	302.34	$	311.14
Total cost	$	196,494	$	155,571

As of March 31, ~~2022, 2.0~~2023, 1.1 million shares remained available for repurchase under the program.

The authorized repurchase program does not have an expiration date, and the pace of the repurchase activity will depend on factors such as working capital needs, cash requirements for acquisitions, our stock price, and economic and market conditions. Our stock repurchases may be effected from time to time through open market purchases including pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan.

We continue to generate positive cash flows from operating activities and believe that the best uses of our excess cash are to invest in the business; acquire or make investments in complementary companies, products, services and technologies; and make payments on our outstanding debt balances. Any future acquisitions may be funded by available cash and investments, cash generated from operations, debt financing or the issuance of additional securities. Additionally, we have in the past, and expect in the future, to repurchase stock in order to both offset dilution and return capital, in excess of our requirements, to stockholders with the goal of increasing stockholder value.

We believe that existing cash and cash equivalent balances, together with cash generated from operations and access to our $500.0 million revolving loan facility, will be sufficient to meet our working capital, capital expenditure requirements and contractual obligations through at least the next twelve months and the foreseeable future thereafter. Our cash requirements in the future may also be financed through additional equity or debt financings. However, future disruptions in the capital markets could make financing more challenging, and there can be no assurance that such financing can be obtained on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

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Contractual and Other Obligations

There were no material changes to our significant contractual and other obligations during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 as compared to those previously reported within "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

No significant changes have occurred to our critical accounting estimates as previously reported within "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk. As we operate in international regions, a portion of our revenue, expenses, cash, accounts receivable and payment obligations are denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, changes in currency exchange rates will affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. We seek to reduce our currency exchange transaction risks primarily through our normal operating and treasury activities, including the use of derivative instruments.

With respect to revenue, on average for the quarter ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the U.S. Dollar was ~~6.4%~~6.7% stronger, when measured against our ~~primary~~ foreign currencies, than for the quarter ended March 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The table below presents the net impacts of currency fluctuations on revenue for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022.~~2023. Amounts in brackets indicate a net adverse impact from currency fluctuations.


(in thousands)				Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023
~~Euro~~				$	~~(5,648)~~
Japanese Yen	$	~~(3,440)~~(4,954)
Euro	(4,030)
South Korean Won	(1,298)
British Pound	~~(1,655)~~(1,062)
Indian Rupee	(908)
Taiwan Dollar	(743)
Other			~~(582)~~(896)
Total		$	~~(11,325)~~(13,891)

The impacts from currency fluctuations resulted in decreased operating income of ~~$4.5~~$3.9 million for the ~~quarter~~three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 as compared to the ~~quarter~~three months ended March 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

A hypothetical 10% strengthening in the U.S. Dollar against other currencies would have decreased our revenue by ~~$17.7~~$20.8 million and decreased our operating income by ~~$4.3~~$5.1 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

The most meaningful currency impacts on revenue and operating income are typically attributable to U.S. Dollar exchange rate changes against the Euro and Japanese Yen. Historical exchange rates for these currency pairs are reflected in the charts below:


		Period-End Exchange Rates			Period-End Exchange Rates
As of	As of	EUR/USD	USD/JPY	As of		EUR/USD	USD/JPY
March 31, 2023				March 31, 2023		1.08	133
December 31, 2022				December 31, 2022		1.07	131
March 31, 2022	March 31, 2022	1.11	121.71	March 31, 2022		1.11	122
December 31, 2021		1.14	115.11
March 31, 2021		1.17	110.73

Average Exchange Rates

Three Months Ended

EUR/USD

USD/JPY

Three Months Ended

EUR/USD

USD/JPY

March 31, 2023

1.07

132

March 31, 2022

1.12

116.23

March 31, 2022

1.12

116

March 31, 2021

1.21

105.91

Interest Rate Risk. Changes in the overall level of interest rates affect the interest income that is generated from our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and the interest expense that is generated from our outstanding borrowings. For the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, interest income was ~~$0.5~~$4.1 million and interest expense was ~~$3.0~~$10.8 million.

Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments such as money market funds and deposits held at major banks. Short-term investments consist primarily of deposits held by certain foreign subsidiaries with original maturities of three months to one year. A hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest rates on these holdings would have an immaterial impact on our ~~interest income.~~financial results.

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Our outstanding term loan borrowings of $755.0 million as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 accrue interest at a rate that is based on the ~~Eurodollar rate~~Term SOFR plus an applicable margin or at the base rate plus an applicable margin, at our election. The base rate is the ~~applicable margin plus the~~ highest of (i) the ~~federal funds rate~~Overnight Bank Funding Rate, plus 0.500%, (ii) the PNC Bank, ~~of America~~National Association prime rate, and (iii) ~~the Eurodollar rate~~Daily Simple SOFR plus ~~1.000%~~an adjustment for SOFR plus 1.00%. The applicable margin for ~~these~~the borrowings is a percentage per annum based on the lower of (1) a pricing level determined by our then-current consolidated net leverage ratio and (2) a pricing level determined by our public debt ~~ratings~~rating (if ~~such debt ratings exist)~~available). ~~This results in a margin ranging from 1.125% to 1.750% and 0.125% to 0.750% for the Eurodollar rate and base rate, respectively.~~ Because interest rates applicable to the outstanding borrowings are variable, we are exposed to interest rate risk from changes in the underlying index rates, which affects our interest expense. A hypothetical increase of 100 basis points in interest rates would result in an increase in interest expense and a corresponding decrease in cash flows of ~~$7.6~~$7.7 million over the next twelve months, based on outstanding borrowings at March 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

No other material change has occurred in our market risk subsequent to December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

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Item 4.Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Exchange Act, we have evaluated, with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures are effective, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act.

We believe, based on our knowledge, that the financial statements and other financial information included in this report fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows as of and for the periods presented in this report. We are committed to both a sound internal control environment and to good corporate governance.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.

From time to time, we review the disclosure controls and procedures, and may periodically make changes to enhance their effectiveness and to ensure that our systems evolve with our business.

Changes in Internal Control. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 that materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.Legal Proceedings

We are subject to various claims, investigations and legal and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, including, but not limited to, commercial disputes, labor and employment matters, tax audits, alleged infringement of third parties' intellectual property rights and other matters. Use or distribution of our products could generate product liability, regulatory infraction, or claims by our customers, end users, channel partners, government entities or third parties. Sales and marketing activities that impact processing of personal data, as well as measures taken to ~~ensure~~promote license compliance against pirated or unauthorized usage of our commercial ~~product,~~products, may also result in claims by customers and individual employees of customers or by non-customers using pirated versions of our products. Each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties, and it is possible that an unfavorable resolution of one or more of these matters could have a significant adverse effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements as well as cause reputational damage. In our opinion, the resolution of pending matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

We face a number of risks that could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial ~~position,~~condition, results of operations and cash flows. A discussion of our risk factors can be found in Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K. ~~The risk factor set forth below includes additional information relating~~No material changes have occurred to ~~the~~ ~~Russian invasion of Ukraine~~ ~~and should be read together with the~~such risk factors ~~disclosed in~~after the filing of our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K.

~~Escalating global tensions, including the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, could negatively impact us.~~

Escalating global tensions, including the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, could lead to disruption, instability and volatility in global markets and industries that could negatively impact our operations. The U.S. government and other governments in jurisdictions in which we operate have imposed sanctions and export controls against Russia and Russian interests and threatened additional sanctions and controls. The impact of these measures, as well as other changes in diplomatic relations and trade policy, including between the United States and Russia (or the United States and other countries that may support Russia or take similar actions) is currently unknown and they could adversely affect our business.

Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under Plans or Programs(1)
January 1 - January 31, 2022 — $ — — 2,459,495
February 1 - February, 28 2022 — $ — — 2,459,495
March 1 - March 31, 2022 500,000 $ 311.14 500,000 1,959,495
Total 500,000 $ 311.14 500,000 1,959,495


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under Plans or Programs(1)
January 1 - January 31, 2023	—	$	—	—	1,734,058
February 1 - February 28, 2023	68,600	$	290.70	68,600	1,665,458
March 1 - March 31, 2023	581,300	$	303.72	581,300	1,084,158
Total	649,900	$	302.34	649,900	1,084,158

(1) We initially announced our stock repurchase program in February 2000, and subsequently announced various amendments to the program. The most recent amendment to the program, authorizing the repurchase of up to 5.0 million shares, was approved by our Board of Directors in February 2018 and announced on February 21, 2018. There is no expiration date for the stock repurchase program.

Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.Other Information

None.

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Item 6.Exhibits


Exhibit No.						Exhibit
10.1						ANSYS, Inc. 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (as amended and restated effective February 1, 2023) (filed as Exhibit 10.23 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 22, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference)*

31.1						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1						Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2						Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS						Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*						*Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


		ANSYS, Inc.

Date:	May ~~4, 2022~~3, 2023	By:	/s/ Ajei S. Gopal
			Ajei S. Gopal
			President and Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)

Date:	May ~~4, 2022~~3, 2023	By:	/s/ Nicole Anasenes
			Nicole Anasenes
			Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President, Finance
			(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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