UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

____________________

FORM 10-Q

____________________

(Mark One)



x☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019



o☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 000-23593

VERISIGN, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		94-3221585
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

12061 Bluemont Way,
Reston,	Virginia	20190
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: ~~(703)~~ (703) 948-3200

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share	VRSN	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ~~YES~~ x NO oYes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically ~~and posted on its corporate Website, if any,~~ every Interactive Data File required to be submitted ~~and posted~~ pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit ~~and post~~ such files). ~~YES~~ x NO oYes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth ~~company.”~~company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. ~~(Check one):~~



Large accelerated filer	x ☒	Accelerated filer	o ☐
Non-accelerated filer	o ☐	Smaller reporting company	o ☐
~~Emerging growth company~~	o			Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange ~~Act.): YES~~ o NO xAct). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:



Class		Shares Outstanding as of October ~~20, 2017~~18, 2019
Common stock, ~~$.001~~$0.001 par value per share		~~98,570,102~~117,409,010

TABLE OF CONTENTS



		Page
	PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and December 31, ~~2016~~2018	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~	5
	~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~2018	6
	~~Item 2.~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	1113
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	19
~~Item 4.~~	~~Controls and Procedures~~	19
	~~PART II—OTHER INFORMATION~~
~~Item 1.~~	~~Legal Proceedings~~	20
Item ~~1A.~~4.	~~Risk Factors~~Controls and Procedures	20
	PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 2.1.	Legal Proceedings	21
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	21
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	3234
Item 6.	Exhibits	3334
Signatures		3435

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

VERISIGN, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value)

(Unaudited)


	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016			September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	286,822		$	231,945		$	109,288		$	357,415
Marketable securities	2,078,905			1,565,962			1,120,723			912,254
Other current assets	40,293			44,435			68,135			47,365
Total current assets	2,406,020			1,842,342			1,298,146			1,317,034
Property and equipment, net	265,306			266,125			250,159			253,905
Goodwill	52,527			52,527			52,527			52,527
Deferred tax assets	20,458			9,385			100,564			104,992
Deposits to acquire intangible assets	145,000			145,000			145,000			145,000
Other long-term assets	19,052			19,193			40,334			41,046
Total long-term assets	502,343			492,230			588,584			597,470
Total assets	$	2,908,363		$	2,334,572		$	1,886,730		$	1,914,504
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	193,462		$	203,920		$	200,361		$	215,208
Deferred revenues	717,586			688,265			760,517			732,382
Subordinated convertible debentures, including contingent interest derivative	624,474			629,764
Total current liabilities	1,535,522			1,521,949			960,878			947,590
Long-term deferred revenues	289,262			287,424			281,735			285,720
Senior notes	1,781,912			1,237,189			1,786,935			1,785,047
Deferred tax liabilities	401,359			371,433
Other long-term tax liabilities	130,246			117,172
Long-term tax and other liabilities							309,101			281,621
Total long-term liabilities	2,602,779			2,013,218			2,377,771			2,352,388
Total liabilities	4,138,301			3,535,167			3,338,649			3,299,978
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ deficit:
Preferred stock—par value $.001 per share; Authorized shares: 5,000; Issued and outstanding shares: none	—			—			—			—
Common stock—par value $.001 per share; Authorized shares: 1,000,000; Issued shares:325,172 at September 30, 2017 and 324,118 at December 31, 2016; Outstanding shares:98,865 at September 30, 2017 and 103,091 at December 31, 2016	325			324
Common stock—par value $.001 per share; Authorized shares: 1,000,000; Issued shares: 353,084 at September 30, 2019 and 352,325 at December 31, 2018; Outstanding shares: 117,705 at September 30, 2019 and 120,037 at December 31, 2018							353			352
Additional paid-in capital	16,570,518			16,987,488			15,175,962			15,706,774
Accumulated deficit	(17,797,627		)	(18,184,954		)	(16,625,815		)	(17,089,789		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,154		)	(3,453		)	(2,419		)	(2,811		)
Total stockholders’ deficit	(1,229,938		)	(1,200,595		)	(1,451,919		)	(1,385,474		)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$	2,908,363		$	2,334,572		$	1,886,730		$	1,914,504

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

VERISIGN, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016			2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenues	$	292,428		$	287,554		$	869,594		$	855,896		$	308,421		$	305,777		$	921,118		$	907,517
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues	47,333			49,807			145,646			149,142			44,443			48,249			134,013			143,766
Sales and marketing	18,667			18,647			56,463			58,431			9,857			13,868			32,775			47,712
Research and development	12,715			14,324			39,569			45,355			14,619			13,712			45,704			42,842
General and administrative	32,654			30,000			96,626			85,158			33,886			34,951			101,065			99,771
Total costs and expenses	111,369			112,778			338,304			338,086			102,805			110,780			313,557			334,091
Operating income	181,059			174,776			531,290			517,810			205,616			194,997			607,561			573,426
Interest expense	(37,756		)	(28,919		)	(95,869		)	(86,582		)	(22,633		)	(22,631		)	(67,899		)	(92,211		)
Non-operating income, net	6,241			3,262			21,544			8,092			10,498			5,935			34,137			14,399
Income before income taxes	149,544			149,119			456,965			439,320			193,481			178,301			573,799			495,614
Income tax expense	(34,645		)	(34,692		)	(102,554		)	(104,227		)	(39,568		)	(40,621		)	(109,825		)	(95,320		)
Net income	114,899			114,427			354,411			335,093			153,913			137,680			463,974			400,294
Realized foreign currency translation adjustments, included in net income	—			—			—			85
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments	61			(485		)	739			1,301
Realized gain on investments, included in net income	(325		)	(11		)	(440		)	(78		)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(264		)	(496		)	299			1,308
Other comprehensive income (loss)													308			(322		)	392			(62		)
Comprehensive income	$	114,635		$	113,931		$	354,710		$	336,401		$	154,221		$	137,358		$	464,366		$	400,232

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	1.15		$	1.08		$	3.51		$	3.10		$	1.30		$	1.13		$	3.90		$	3.60
Diluted	$	0.93		$	0.90		$	2.85		$	2.58		$	1.30		$	1.13		$	3.89		$	3.25
Shares used to compute earnings per share
Basic	99,614			106,307			101,036			107,982			118,194			121,682			118,966			111,046
Diluted	124,074			127,750			124,162			129,967			118,569			122,261			119,410			123,079

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

VERISIGN, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

(In thousands, except par value)

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Total stockholders’ deficit, beginning of period	$	(1,425,167	)	$	(1,380,989	)	$	(1,385,474	)	$	(1,260,271	)

Common stock
Beginning balance	353			352			352			325
Conversion of Subordinated Convertible Debentures	—			—			—			26
Issuance of common stock under stock plans	—			—			1			1
Balance, end of period:	353			352			353			352

Additional paid-in capital
Beginning balance	15,356,935			16,031,004			15,706,774			16,437,135
Conversion of Subordinated Convertible Debentures	—			—			—			(159,618		)
Stock-based compensation expense	13,081			15,710			39,522			42,985
Issuance of common stock under stock plans	4,899			5,026			13,151			12,835
Repurchase of common stock	(198,953		)	(178,206		)	(583,485		)	(459,803		)
Balance, end of period	15,175,962			15,873,534			15,175,962			15,873,534

Accumulated deficit
Beginning balance	(16,779,728		)	(17,409,664		)	(17,089,789		)	(17,694,790		)
Net income	153,913			137,680			463,974			400,294
Cumulative adjustment upon adoption of ASU 2014-09	—			—			—			22,512
Balance, end of period	(16,625,815		)	(17,271,984		)	(16,625,815		)	(17,271,984		)

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Beginning balance	(2,727		)	(2,681		)	(2,811		)	(2,941		)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	308			(322		)	392			(62		)
Balance, end of period	(2,419		)	(3,003		)	(2,419		)	(3,003		)

Total stockholders’ deficit, end of period	$	(1,451,919	)	$	(1,401,101	)	$	(1,451,919	)	$	(1,401,101	)

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

VERISIGN, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	354,411		$	335,093		$	463,974		$	400,294
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation of property and equipment	37,665			44,114			34,327			36,450
Gain on sale of business	(10,421		)	—
Stock-based compensation	40,043			35,745			38,237			41,406
Payment of contingent interest	(15,232		)	(13,385		)
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs	10,827			9,971
Amortization of discount on investments in debt securities							(10,271		)	(12,746		)
Other, net	(8,942		)	(5,355		)	2,126			14,752
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other assets	4,566			14,278			(12,123		)	(6,917		)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(9,524		)	(8,285		)	(7,110		)	(29,478		)
Deferred revenues	32,790			19,470			24,563			24,844
Net deferred income taxes and other long-term tax liabilities	67,385			56,397			26,571			10,662
Net cash provided by operating activities	503,568			488,043			560,294			479,267
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities and sales of marketable securities	3,895,675			3,029,699			1,523,862			3,081,702
Purchases of marketable securities	(4,398,787		)	(2,917,743		)	(1,721,661		)	(2,067,498		)
Purchases of property and equipment	(40,609		)	(19,889		)	(31,498		)	(29,597		)
Deposits to acquire intangible assets	—			(143,000		)
Other investing activities	12,102			171			(8,530		)	(160		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(531,619		)	(50,762		)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities							(237,827		)	984,447
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayment of principal on subordinated convertible debentures							—			(1,250,009		)
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	12,915			13,670			13,152			12,836
Repurchases of common stock	(474,290		)	(501,934		)	(583,485		)	(459,803		)
Proceeds from borrowings, net of issuance costs	543,185			—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	81,810			(488,264		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	1,118			109
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	54,877			(50,874		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	231,945			228,659
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	286,822		$	177,785
Net cash used in financing activities							(570,333		)	(1,696,976		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash							(208		)	(985		)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash							(248,074		)	(234,247		)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period							366,753			475,139
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period							$	118,679		$	240,892
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
Cash paid for interest	$	86,622		$	84,930		$	57,074		$	87,184
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds received	$	22,717		$	14,474		$	75,197		$	84,433

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

VERISIGN, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared by VeriSign, Inc. (“Verisign” or the “Company”) in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and, therefore, do not include all information and notes normally provided in audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals and other adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of, nor comparable to, the results of operations for any other interim period or for a full fiscal year. These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes contained in Verisign’s ~~fiscal 2016~~ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the ~~“2016~~“2018 Form 10-K”) filed with the SEC on February ~~17, 2017.~~15, 2019.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to current period presentation. Such reclassifications have no effect on net income as previously reported.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

Effective January 1, ~~2017,~~2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) ~~No. 2016-09,~~ ~~Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting~~2016-02, Leases, and several related amendments, issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, collectively codified under Accounting Standards Codification (“~~FASB”~~ASC”) 842, Leases. The new guidance requires excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies to be recorded as a discrete adjustment to income tax expense when stock awards vest, rather than in additional paid-in capital when they reduce income taxes payable. The Company also made the accounting policy election, as allowed by the new guidance, to account for forfeitures of stock awards as they occur, rather than estimating forfeitures. These changes were required to be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The cumulative effect of adopting ASU 2016-09 was an increase in Deferred tax assets of $11.0 million, a decrease in Deferred tax liabilities of $24.4 million, an increase in Additional paid-in capital of $2.5 million, and a decrease in Accumulated deficit of $32.9 million, as of January 1, 2017, as a result of recognizing $35.4 million of previously unrecognized excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation, and a $2.5 million adjustment related to the change in accounting policy for forfeitures. The impacts to Deferred tax liabilities, and Accumulated deficit related to previously unrecognized excess tax benefits, reflect immaterial adjustments recorded during the third quarter of 2017, upon completion of the Company’s 2016 U.S. federal income tax return. Additionally, the new guidance requires cash flows related to excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation to be recognized with other income tax cash flows in operating activities, rather than separately as a financing activity. The Company elected to apply this new cash flow presentation requirement retrospectively, which resulted in an increase to both net cash from operating activities and net cash used in financing activities of $15.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

~~Effective January 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2017-04,~~ ~~Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,~~ which was issued by the FASB. The guidance in the ASU simplifies certain aspects of the goodwill impairment test, including the elimination of the requirement to perform a qualitative assessment of the likelihood of a goodwill impairment for reporting units with a negative carrying value. All of the Company’s goodwill is included in the Registry Services reporting unit which has a negative carrying value. As a result, the Company will no longer be required to perform the qualitative assessment.

~~Recent Accounting Pronouncements~~

~~On May 28, 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09,~~ ~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers~~, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard will become effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The FASB also issued several amendments to the standard, including clarification on accounting for licenses of intellectual property and identifying performance obligations. The Company’s evaluation of the new revenue guidance is substantially complete. Other than the inclusion of the additional required disclosures, the Company does not currently expect the adoption of the new revenue standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

~~In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02,~~ ~~Leases. The guidance introduces a lessee model that~~ASC 842 requires most operating leases to be reported on the balance ~~sheet.~~sheet as a lease liability and a right-of-use asset. This ~~ASU will become~~standard was applied as of the effective ~~for the Company on~~date of January 1, 2019, and ~~requires~~therefore prior period amounts were not adjusted. The adoption of ASC 842 did not have a material impact on the ~~modified retrospective transition method. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its~~Company’s consolidated financial ~~statements and related disclosures.~~statements.

Note 2. Financial Instruments

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities

The following table summarizes the Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities asand the fair value categorization of ~~September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:~~

the financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


	September 30,		December 31,		September 30,		December 31,
	2017		2016		2019		2018
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Cash	$	33,466	$	39,183	$	28,119	$	37,190
Time deposits	3,139		4,632		4,884		3,810
Money market funds (Level 1)	259,499		134,790		85,676		120,832
Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury (Level 1)	2,078,882		1,626,764		1,120,723		1,117,175
Equity securities of public companies (Level 1)	23		2,174
Total	$	2,375,009	$	1,807,543	$	1,239,402	$	1,279,007

Included in Cash and cash equivalents	$	286,822	$	231,945
Included in Marketable securities	2,078,905		1,565,962
Included in Other long-term assets (Restricted cash)	9,282		9,636
Cash and cash equivalents					$	109,288	$	357,415
Restricted cash (included in Other long-term assets)					9,391		9,338
Total Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash					118,679		366,753
Marketable securities					1,120,723		912,254
Total	$	2,375,009	$	1,807,543	$	1,239,402	$	1,279,007

The fair value of the debt securities held as of September 30, ~~2017~~2019 was ~~$2.1~~$1.12 billion, including ~~less than $0.5~~$0.4 million of gross and net unrealized gains. All of the debt securities held as of September 30, ~~2017~~2019 are scheduled to mature in less than one year.

Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of the Company’s investments in money market funds approximates their face value. Such instruments are included in Cash and cash equivalents. The fair value of the debt securities consisting of U.S. Treasury bills is based on their quoted market prices. Debt securities purchased with original maturities in excess of three months are included in Marketable securities. The fair value of ~~the equity securities of public companies is based on quoted market prices and are included in Marketable securities. The fair value of~~ all of these financial instruments are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

The $14.3 million contingent interest derivative on the Subordinated Convertible Debentures as of December 31, 2016 included $7.7 million contingent interest that was paid in February 2017, and $6.6 million estimated fair value of the $7.5 million contingent interest that was to be paid in August 2017. Effective August 15, 2017, Verisign has the right to redeem the Subordinated Convertible Debentures under the terms of the indenture. Therefore, the fair value of the contingent interest embedded derivative for periods after August 15, 2017 is negligible.

The Company’s other financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, restricted cash, and accounts payable. As of September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, the carrying value of these financial instruments approximated their fair value. The fair ~~value of the Company’s Subordinated Convertible Debentures was $3.9 billion as of September 30, 2017. The fair~~ values of the senior notes due 2023, ~~(the “2023 Senior Notes”), the senior notes due~~ 2025, ~~(the “2025 Senior Notes”),~~ and ~~the senior notes due~~ 2027 ~~(the “2027 Senior Notes”)~~ were ~~$776.1~~$763.8 million, ~~$540.9~~$546.9 million, and ~~567.4~~$577.8 million, respectively, as of September 30, ~~2017.~~2019. The fair values of these debt instruments are based on available market information from public data sources and are classified as Level 2.

Note 3. Other Balance Sheet Items

Other Current Assets

Other current assets consist of the following:



��	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Prepaid registry fees	$	21,770	$	20,696
Prepaid expenses	22,029		14,109
Contingent consideration receivable	14,721		—
Accounts receivable, net	4,142		6,029
Income taxes receivable	3,989		4,451
Other	1,484		2,080
Total other current assets	$	68,135	$	47,365

September 30, December 31,
2017 2016
(In thousands)
Prepaid expenses $ 20,004
$ 14,385
Accounts receivable, net 12,584
13,051
Income taxes receivable 4,026
15,328
Other 3,679
1,671
Total other current assets $ 40,293
$ 44,435
Other Long-Term Assets

Other long-term assets consist of the following:



	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Restricted cash	$	9,391	$	9,338
Operating lease right-of-use asset	10,388		—
Long-term prepaid registry fees	7,800		7,779
Other tax receivable	5,673		5,673
Contingent consideration receivable	—		14,721
Other	7,082		3,535
Total other long-term assets	$	40,334	$	41,046

As a result of the adoption of ASC 842, Leases, in 2019, the Company recorded right-of-use assets for operating leases of $10.4 million as of September 30, 2019. The current and long-term prepaid registry fees in the tables above relate to the fees the Company pays to ICANN for each annual increment of .com domain name registrations and renewals which are deferred and amortized over the domain name registration term. The amount of prepaid registry fees as of September 30, 2019 reflects amortization of $8.7 million and $25.8 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 which was recorded in Cost of Revenues.

The ~~Income taxes~~contingent consideration receivable in the tables above related to the estimated amount due from Neustar, Inc. (“Neustar”) in the first quarter of 2020, was reclassified from Other long-term assets as of December 31, ~~2016 primarily consists~~2018 to Other current assets as of ~~the remaining U.S. federal income tax overpayment from prior years, which has been used in 2017 to offset a portion of current year income taxes.~~September 30, 2019.

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities consist of the following:



	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Accounts payable	$	4,849	$	10,445
Customer deposits, net	59,778		57,025
Accrued employee compensation	36,199		54,746
Interest payable	33,021		24,318
Taxes payable and other tax liabilities	26,927		18,961
Accrued registry fees	11,857		11,029
Payables to buyer	1,641		9,875
Current operating lease liability	4,981		—
Other accrued liabilities	21,108		28,809
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	200,361	$	215,208

September 30, December 31,
2017 2016
(In thousands)
Accounts payable $ 18,218
$ 19,455
Accrued employee compensation 37,292
61,426
Customer deposits, net 53,743
52,173
Interest payable 41,360
27,701
Income taxes payable and other tax liabilities 23,018
23,144
Other accrued liabilities 19,831
20,021
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 193,462
$ 203,920

Customer deposits primarily relate to advance payments to cover domain name registration activity by registrars. The balance of customer deposits can fluctuate significantly due to the timing of payments from large customers. Accrued employee compensation primarily consists of liabilities for employee leave, salaries, payroll taxes, employee contributions to the employee stock purchase plan, and incentive compensation. Accrued employee incentive compensation as of December 31, ~~2016,~~2018, was paid during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017.~~2019. Interest payable ~~includes coupon and contingent interest~~varies at each period-end based on the ~~Subordinated Convertible Debentures,~~payment due dates for each Senior Note issuance. Payables to buyer relate to amounts due to Neustar for estimated collections from Security Services customers of any billings after the closing date and ~~interest~~until the customer contracts are assigned to Neustar. Other liabilities include amounts payable onto registrars related to rebates and marketing programs as well as other miscellaneous liabilities. These amounts may vary from period to period due to the ~~2023 Senior Notes the 2025 Senior Notes, and the 2027 Senior Notes. Income taxes payable~~timing of payments.

Long-term tax and other liabilities



	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Long-term tax liabilities	$	303,764	$	281,621
Long-term operating lease liability	5,337		—
Long-term tax and other liabilities	$	309,101	$	281,621

Long-term tax liabilities ~~primarily includes amounts payable for U.S. and foreign income taxes which are paid~~as of September 30, 2019 reflects the reclassification of unrecognized tax benefits during the ~~following year.~~nine months ended September 30, 2019, as deferred tax assets related to tax credits and loss carryforwards are no longer available to offset the liabilities. This was partially offset by a $7.9 million reclassification of a portion of the transition tax liability on accumulated foreign earnings from non-current to current as of September 30, 2019. The current and long-term lease liabilities as of September 30, 2019 in the tables above relate to the lease obligations recorded as a result of the adoption of ASC 842, Leases, during 2019.

Note 4. Stockholders’ Deficit

OnEffective February ~~9, 2017,~~7, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of ~~approximately $640.9 million of its~~the Company’s common stock in the amount of approximately $602.9 million, in addition to the ~~$359.1~~$397.1 million remaining available for repurchase under the ~~previous~~Company’s share repurchase program, for a total repurchase authorization of up to $1.0 billion ~~of its common stock.~~ under the share repurchase program. The share repurchase program has no expiration date. Purchases made under the program can be ~~effected~~made through open market transactions, block purchases, accelerated share repurchase agreements or other negotiated transactions. During the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019, the Company repurchased ~~1.5~~1.0 million and ~~5.0~~2.9 million shares of its common stock, respectively, at an average stock price of $~~100.30~~204.13 and ~~$90.21,~~$189.39, respectively. The aggregate cost of the repurchases in the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 was $~~147.0~~194.0 million and ~~$447.6~~$543.9 million, respectively. As of September 30, ~~2017, $622.5~~2019, there was approximately $522.1 million ~~remained~~remaining available for ~~further~~future share repurchases under the share repurchase program.

During the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019, the Company placed ~~0.3~~0.2 million shares, at an average stock price of $~~83.88~~180.43, and for an aggregate cost of $~~26.7~~39.6 million, into treasury stock for purposes related to tax withholding upon vesting of Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”).

Since inception, the Company has repurchased ~~226.3~~235.4 million shares of its common stock for an aggregate cost of $~~8.6~~10.0 billion, which is presented as a reduction of Additional paid-in capital.

Note 5. Calculation of Earnings per Share

The following table presents the computation of weighted-average shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share:



	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019	2018	2019	2018
	(In thousands)
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding	118,194	121,682	118,966	111,046
Weighted-average potential shares of common stock outstanding:
Conversion spread related to Subordinated Convertible Debentures	—	—	—	11,452
Unvested RSUs and ESPP	375	579	444	581
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per share	118,569	122,261	119,410	123,079

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016
(In thousands)
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding 99,614 106,307
101,036
107,982
Weighted-average potential shares of common stock outstanding:

Conversion spread related to Convertible Debentures 23,956 20,789
22,605
21,244
Unvested RSUs and ESPP 504 654
521
741
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per share 124,074 127,750
124,162
129,967

The Company settled the Subordinated Convertible Debentures in May 2018. The calculation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding, excludes potentially dilutive securities, the effect of which would have been anti-dilutive, as well as performance-based RSUs granted by the Company for which the relevant performance criteria have not been achieved. The number of potential shares excluded from the calculation was not significant in any period presented.

Note 6. Revenues

The Company generates revenues in the U.S.; Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”); China; and certain other countries, including Canada, Australia, and Japan.

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by geography, based on the billing addresses of our customers:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(In thousands)
U.S.	$	193,392	$	190,980	$	577,395	$	563,981
EMEA	51,480		53,047		155,221		159,831
China	30,647		27,094		88,337		79,502
Other	32,902		34,656		100,165		104,203
Total revenues	$	308,421	$	305,777	$	921,118	$	907,517

Revenues for the Company’s Registry Services business are attributed to the country of domicile and the respective regions in which registrars are located; however, this may differ from the regions where the registrars operate or where registrants are located. Revenues for each region may be impacted by registrars reincorporating, relocating, or from acquisitions or changes in affiliations of resellers. Revenues for each region may also be impacted by registrars domiciled in one region, registering domain names in another region. Revenues in the U.S. and EMEA regions in particular, were impacted by the decrease in revenues from the Company’s Security Services business as customers terminated or consented to the assignment of their contracts to Neustar.

Deferred Revenues

As payment for domain name registrations and renewals are due in advance of our performance, we record these amounts as deferred revenues. The increase in the deferred revenues balance for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily driven by amounts billed in nine months ended September 30, 2019 for domain name registrations and renewals to be recognized as revenues in future periods, offset by refunds for domain name renewals deleted during the 45-day grace period, and $624.9 million of revenues recognized that were included in the deferred revenues balance at the beginning of the period.

The balance of deferred revenues as of September 30, 2019 represents our aggregate remaining performance obligations. Amounts included in current deferred revenues are all expected to be recognized in revenues within 12 months, except for a portion of deferred revenues that relates to domain name renewals that are deleted in the 45-day grace period following the transaction. The long-term deferred revenues amounts will be recognized in revenues over several years and in some cases up to 10 years.

Historically, we have experienced a higher volume of domain name transactions, particularly renewals, in the first quarter of the year compared to other quarters. Our quarterly revenues do not reflect these seasonal patterns because the preponderance of our revenues for each quarterly period is provided by the ratable recognition of our deferred revenues balance. The effect of this seasonality has historically resulted in the largest amount of growth in our deferred revenues balance occurring during the first quarter of the year compared to the other quarters.

Note 6.7. Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation is classified in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income in the same expense line items as cash compensation. The following table presents the classification of stock-based compensation:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Cost of revenues	$	1,725	$	1,755	$	5,064	$	5,183
Sales and marketing	864		1,451		2,866		4,393
Research and development	1,513		1,623		4,744		5,032
General and administrative	8,518		10,301		25,563		26,798
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	12,620	$	15,130	$	38,237	$	41,406

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016
(In thousands)
Cost of revenues $ 1,774
$ 1,779
$ 5,311
$ 5,367
Sales and marketing 1,369
1,129
4,255
4,219
Research and development 1,575
1,676
4,553
4,966
General and administrative 9,387
8,270
25,924
21,193
Total stock-based compensation expense $ 14,105
$ 12,854
$ 40,043
$ 35,745

The following table presents the nature of the Company’s total stock-based compensation:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
	(In thousands)
RSUs	$	10,650		$	10,817		$	28,318		$	29,510
Performance-based RSUs	1,222			3,875			7,554			10,348
ESPP	1,209			1,018			3,650			3,127
Capitalization (included in Property and equipment, net)	(461		)	(580		)	(1,285		)	(1,579		)
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	12,620		$	15,130		$	38,237		$	41,406

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016
(In thousands)
RSUs $ 10,556
$ 10,276
$ 28,930
$ 28,034
Performance-based RSUs 3,100
2,216
9,992
6,878
ESPP 1,000
924
2,941
2,594
Capitalization (included in Property and equipment, net) (551 ) (562 ) (1,820 ) (1,761 )
Total stock-based compensation expense $ 14,105
$ 12,854
$ 40,043
$ 35,745

Note 7.8. Debt and Interest Expense

On July 5, 2017, the Company issued $550.0 million of 4.75% senior unsecured notes due July 15, 2027. The Company intends to use the proceeds for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, the repurchase of shares of its common stock under its share repurchase program. The Company will pay interest on the notes semi-annually on January 15 and July 15, commencing on January 15, 2018. The Company may redeem these senior notes, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option, at times and redemption prices specified in the indenture. In connection with the offering the Company incurred $6.8 million of issuance costs which are presented on the balance sheet as a reduction of the debt obligation. The issuance costs are being amortized to Interest expense over the 10 year term of the notes.

The following table presents the components of the Company’s ~~interest~~Interest expense:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Contractual interest on Senior Notes	$	21,766	$	21,766	$	65,298	$	65,297
Contractual interest on Subordinated Convertible Debentures	—		—		—		20,015
Amortization of debt discount on Subordinated Convertible Debentures	—		—		—		4,236
Amortization of debt issuance costs and other interest expense	867		865		2,601		2,663
Total interest expense	$	22,633	$	22,631	$	67,899	$	92,211

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016
(In thousands)
Contractual interest on Subordinated Convertible Debentures $ 12,426
$ 10,156
$ 32,738
$ 30,469
Contractual interest on Senior Notes 21,403
15,235
51,872
45,704
Amortization of debt discount on Subordinated Convertible Debentures 3,034
2,802
8,916
8,235
Amortization of debt issuance costs and other interest expense 893
726
2,343
2,174
Total interest expense $ 37,756
$ 28,919
$ 95,869
$ 86,582

~~Effective August 15, 2017, Verisign has the right to redeem the~~The Company settled its Subordinated Convertible Debentures under the terms of the indenture. Therefore, the fair value of the contingent interest embedded derivative for periods after August 15, 2017 is negligible. Contingent interest for periods after August 15, 2017 is included in ~~Contractual interest of Subordinated Convertible Debentures.~~May 2018.

Note 8.9. Non-operating Income, Net

The following table presents the components of Non-operating income, net:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Interest income	$	6,457	$	5,823	$	21,045	$	19,894
Transition services income	3,750		—		11,850		—
Loss on extinguishment of Subordinated Convertible Debentures	—		—		—		(6,554		)
Other, net	291		112		1,242		1,059
Total non-operating income, net	$	10,498	$	5,935	$	34,137	$	14,399

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016
(In thousands)
Interest income $ 5,832
$ 1,728
$ 11,386
$ 4,292
(Loss) gain on sale of business (186 ) —
10,421
—
Unrealized gain (loss) on contingent interest derivative on Subordinated Convertible Debentures —
1,440
(893 ) 2,411
Other, net 595
94
630
1,389
Total non-operating income, net $ 6,241
$ 3,262
$ 21,544
$ 8,092

~~On April 1, 2017, the Company completed the sale of its iDefense business, which resulted in a gain of approximately $10.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.~~

~~Note 9. Income Taxes~~

~~The following table presents income tax expense and the effective tax rate:~~

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016
(Dollars in thousands)
Income tax expense $ 34,645
$ 34,692
$ 102,554
$ 104,227
Effective tax rate 23 % 23 % 22 % 24 %

~~The effective tax rate for~~During the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019, the Company recognized $3.8 million and ~~2016 was lower than~~$11.9 million, respectively, of income from the transition services provided to Neustar in connection with the sale of customer contracts of its Security Services business. In the second quarter of 2018, the Company recognized a $6.6 million loss on the extinguishment of the Subordinated Convertible Debentures.

Note 10. Income Taxes

The following table presents Income tax expense and the effective tax rate:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
	(Dollars in thousands)
Income tax expense	$	39,568		$	40,621		$	109,825		$	95,320
Effective tax rate	20		%	23		%	19		%	19		%

The effective tax rate for each of the periods in the table above differed from the statutory federal rate of ~~35% primarily~~21% due to a lower foreign effective tax ~~benefits from foreign income taxed at lower rates, partially~~rate, offset by state income ~~taxes.~~taxes and U.S. taxes on foreign earnings, net of foreign tax credits. Additionally, ~~the effective~~income tax ~~rate~~expense for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017 is also~~2019 was reduced by ~~$8.2~~$14.6 million of excess tax benefits related to stock-based ~~compensation, which are included in income~~compensation. Income tax expense ~~pursuant to the adoption of ASU 2016-09~~ ~~Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting~~ ~~as discussed in Note 1.~~

~~Deferred tax assets, net of a valuation allowance, and liabilities as of September 30, 2017 reflect the use of a portion of U.S. foreign tax credits during~~for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017, an increase in the deferred~~2018 was reduced by $12.6 million of tax ~~liability~~benefits recognized related to changes to provisional amounts previously recognized for the ~~Subordinated Convertible Debentures, as well as~~impact of the ~~recognition~~2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”), and $7.2 million of ~~previously unrecognized~~ excess tax benefits ~~on stock awards~~related to stock-based compensation.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company completed the repatriation of $249.0 million of cash held by foreign subsidiaries, net of $13.1 million of foreign withholding taxes which were ~~recorded pursuant to the Company’s adoption of ASU 2016-09.~~previously accrued in 2018.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the 2018 Form 10-K and the interim unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related ~~notes.~~notes included in Part I, Item I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions and involve risks and uncertainties, including, among other things, statements regarding our ~~anticipated~~expectations about the rate of growth in revenues for the remainder of 2019 and our expectations about costs and expenses ~~and revenue mix.~~as a percentage of revenues for the remainder of 2019. Forward-looking statements include, among others, those statements including the words “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “believes” and similar language. Our actual results may differ significantly from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. You should also carefully review the risks described in other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K that we file in ~~2017~~2019 and ~~our 2016~~the 2018 Form 10-K, ~~which was filed on February 17, 2017,~~ which discuss our business in greater detail. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to update publicly ~~release any revisions to the forward-looking~~or revise such statements, ~~or reflect~~whether as a result of new information, future events, or ~~circumstances after the date~~otherwise, except as required by law.

For purposes of this ~~document.~~Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms “Verisign,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to VeriSign, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Overview

We are a global provider of domain name registry services and internet ~~security,~~infrastructure, enabling internet navigation for many of the world’s most recognized domain ~~names and providing protection for websites and enterprises around the world. Our Registry Services ensure~~names. We enable the security, stability, and resiliency of key internet infrastructure and services, including ~~the~~ ~~.com~~ ~~and~~ ~~.net~~ ~~domains,~~providing root zone maintainer services, operating two of the ~~internet’s~~13 global internet root servers, and ~~the operation of the Root Zone Maintainer function~~providing registration services and authoritative resolution for the ~~core~~.com and .net top-level domains (“TLDs”), which support the majority of the internet’s DNS. Our product suite also includes Security Services, consisting of DDoS Protection Services and Managed DNS Services. Revenues from Security Services are not significant in relation to our consolidated revenues. We completed the sale of our iDefense business on April 1, 2017.global e-commerce.

As of September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, we had ~~approximately 145.8~~157.4 million .com and .net registrations in the domain name base. The number of domain names registered is largely driven by continued growth in online advertising, e-commerce, and the number of internet users, which is partially driven by greater availability of internet access, as well as marketing activities carried out by us and our registrars. Growth in the number of domain name registrations under our management may be hindered by certain factors, including overall economic conditions, competition from ~~ccTLDs,~~country code top-level domains (“ccTLDs”), competition from, and the continued introduction of, new ~~gTLDs,~~generic top-level domains (“gTLDs”), and ongoing changes in the internet practices and behaviors of consumers and businesses. Factors such as the evolving practices and preferences of internet users, and how they navigate the internet, as well as the motivation of domain name registrants and how they will manage their investment in domain names, can negatively impact our business and the demand for new domain name registrations and renewals.

Business Highlights and Trends

~~We recorded revenues of~~ ~~$292.4 million~~ ~~and $869.6 million during the~~ ~~three and nine~~ ~~months ended~~ ~~September 30, 2017. This represents an increase of~~ 2% ~~in each period compared to the same periods in 2016.~~

~~We recorded operating income of~~ ~~$181.1 million~~ ~~and $531.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. This represents an increase of 4% and 3%, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2016.~~

~~We finished the third quarter with 145.8 million~~ ~~.com~~ ~~and~~ ~~.net~~ ~~registrations in the domain name base, which represents a 1% increase from September 30, 2016, and a net increase of 1.5 million domain name registrations from June 30, 2017.~~

~~During the three months ended September 30, 2017, we processed 8.9 million new domain name registrations for~~ ~~.com~~ ~~and~~ ~~.net~~ ~~compared to 8.3 million for the same period in 2016.~~

~~The final .com~~ ~~and .net~~ ~~renewal rate for the second quarter of 2017 was 74.0% compared with 73.8% for the same quarter in 2016. Renewal rates are not fully measurable until 45 days after the end of the quarter.~~

~~During the three months ended~~ ~~September 30, 2017, we repurchased~~ ~~1.5 million~~ ~~shares of our common stock under the share repurchase program for~~ ~~$147.0 million. As of September 30, 2017, $622.5 million remained available for further repurchases under our share repurchase program.~~


•	We recorded revenues of $308.4 million and $921.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of 1% compared to the same periods in 2018.


•	We recorded operating income of $205.6 million and $607.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of 5% and 6%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2018.


•	As of September 30, 2019, we had 157.4 million .com and .net registrations in the domain name base, which represents a 4% increase from September 30, 2018, and a net increase of 1.3 million domain name registrations from June 30, 2019.


•	During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we processed 9.9 million new domain name registrations for .com and .net compared to 9.5 million for the same period in 2018.


•	The final .com and .net renewal rate for the second quarter of 2019 was 74.2% compared to 75.0% for the second quarter of 2018. Renewal rates are not fully measurable until 45 days after the end of the quarter.


•	During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we repurchased 1.0 million shares of our common stock for an aggregate cost of $194.0 million. As of September 30, 2019, there was approximately $522.1 million remaining available for future share repurchases under our share repurchase program.


•	We generated cash flows from operating activities of $560.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $479.3 million for the same period in 2018.

~~Through October 25, 2017, we repurchased an additional 0.4 million shares for $41.4 million under our share repurchase program.~~

~~We generated cash flows from operating activities of~~ ~~$503.6 million~~ ~~during the~~ ~~nine~~ ~~months ended~~ ~~September 30, 2017, compared to $488.0 million in the same period last year.~~

On July 5, 2017, we issued $550.0 million of 4.75% Senior Notes due July 15, 2027. We intend to use the proceeds for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, the repurchase of shares under our share repurchase program.

Pursuant to our agreements with ICANN, we make available on our website (at https://www.Verisign.com/zone) files containing all active domain names registered in the .com and .net registries. At the same website address, we make available a summary of the active zone count registered in the .com and .net registries and the number of .com and .net domain name registrations in the domain name base. The domain name base is the active zone plus the number of domain name registrations that are registered but not configured for use in the respective ~~top level domain~~TLD zone file plus the number of domain name registrations that are in a client or server hold status. These files and the related summary data are updated at least once per day. The update times may vary each day. The number of domain name registrations provided in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are as of midnight of the date reported. Information available on, or accessible through, our website is not incorporated herein by reference.

Results of Operations

The following table presents information regarding our results of operations as a percentage of revenues:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenues	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues	16.2		17.3		16.7		17.4		14.4		15.8		14.5		15.8
Sales and marketing	6.4		6.5		6.5		6.8		3.2		4.5		3.5		5.3
Research and development	4.3		5.0		4.6		5.3		4.7		4.5		5.0		4.7
General and administrative	11.2		10.4		11.1		10.0		11.0		11.4		11.0		11.0
Total costs and expenses	38.1		39.2		38.9		39.5		33.3		36.2		34.0		36.8
Operating income	61.9		60.8		61.1		60.5		66.7		63.8		66.0		63.2
Interest expense	(12.9	)	(10.0	)	(11.0	)	(10.1	)	(7.4	)	(7.4	)	(7.4	)	(10.2	)
Non-operating income, net	2.1		1.1		2.5		0.9		3.4		1.9		3.7		1.6
Income before income taxes	51.1		51.9		52.6		51.3		62.7		58.3		62.3		54.6
Income tax expense	(11.8	)	(12.1	)	(11.8	)	(12.1	)	(12.8	)	(13.3	)	(11.9	)	(10.5	)
Net income	39.3	%	39.8	%	40.8	%	39.2	%	49.9	%	45.0	%	50.4	%	44.1	%

Revenues

~~Revenues related to our Registry Services~~Our revenues are primarily derived from registrations for domain names in the .com and .net domain name registries. We also derive revenues from operating domain name registries for several other TLDs and from providing back-end registry services to a number of TLD registry operators, all of which are not significant in relation to our consolidated revenues. For domain names registered with the .~~com~~.com and .~~net~~.net registries we receive a fee from registrars per annual registration that is fixed pursuant to our agreements with ICANN. Individual customers, called registrants, contract directly with registrars or their resellers, and the registrars in turn register the domain names with Verisign. Changes in revenues are driven largely by changes in the number of new domain name registrations and the renewal rate for existing registrations as well as the impact of new and prior price increases, to the extent permitted by ICANN and the ~~DOC.~~Department of Commerce (“DOC”). New registrations and the renewal rate for existing registrations are impacted by continued growth in online advertising, e-commerce, and the number of internet users, as well as marketing activities carried out by us and our registrars. The annual fee for a .com domain name registration has been fixed at $7.85 since 2012. On October 26, 2018, we entered into an agreement with the DOC to amend the Cooperative Agreement. The amendment extends the term of the Cooperative Agreement until November 30, 2024 and permits the price of a .com domain name to be increased without further DOC approval by up to 7% in each of the final four years of each 6-year period beginning on October 26, 2018. We increased the annual fee for a .net ~~domain name registration from $6.79 to $7.46 on February 1, 2016, and from $7.46 to $8.20 on February 1, 2017. On July 27, 2017, we announced an increase in the annual fee for a .net~~ domain name registration from $8.20 to $9.02 ~~effective~~on February 1, 2018. We have the contractual right to increase the fees for .~~net~~.net domain name registrations by up to 10% each year during the term of our agreement with ICANN, through June 30, 2023. ~~The annual fee for a~~ ~~.com~~ ~~domain name registration is $7.85 for the duration of the current~~ ~~.com~~ Registry Agreement through November 30, 2024, except that prices may be raised by up to 7% each year due to the imposition of any new Consensus Policy or documented extraordinary expense resulting from an attack or threat of attack on the Security and Stability (each as defined in the ~~.com~~ ~~Registry Agreement) of the DNS, subject to approval~~

~~of the DOC.~~ We offer promotional marketing programs for our registrars based upon market conditions and the business environment in which the registrars operate. All fees paid to us for .com and .net registrations are in U.S. dollars. ~~Revenues from Security Services are not significant in relation to our total consolidated revenues.~~

A comparison of revenues is presented below:

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2017 % Change 2016 2017 % Change 2016
(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues $ 292,428
2 % $ 287,554
$ 869,594
2 % $ 855,896



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		% Change		2018		2019		% Change		2018
	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	308,421	1	%	$	305,777	$	921,118	1	%	$	907,517

The following table compares the .com and .net domain name registrations in the domain name ~~base managed by our Registry Services business:~~base:

Revenues increased by ~~$4.9~~$2.6 million and ~~$13.7~~$13.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, respectively, as compared to the same period last year, primarily due to an increase in revenues from the operation of the registries for the .com and .net TLDs, ~~which~~partially offset by the decrease in revenues from the Security Services business as customers terminated or consented to the assignment of their contracts to Neustar. The increase in revenues from the .com and .net TLDs was driven by a 1%5% increase in the domain name base for .com and the increase in the .net domain name registration fees in February ~~2016 and 2017.~~2018, partially offset by a 5% decline in the domain name base for .net.

Growth in the domain name base has been primarily driven by continued internet growth and marketing activities carried out by us and our registrars. During the second half of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016 we experienced an increased volume of new domain name registrations primarily from our registrars in China. The volume of these new registrations was inconsistent and episodic compared to prior periods, and by the end of the first quarter of 2016, reverted back to a more normalized registration pace. However, ~~periods of economic uncertainty,~~ competitive pressure from ccTLDs, the continued introduction of new gTLDs, ongoing changes in internet practices and behaviors of consumers and business, as well as the motivation of existing domain name registrants ~~and how they will manage~~managing their investment in domain names, and historical global economic uncertainty, has limited the rate of growth of the domain name base in recent years and may continue to do so in the remainder of ~~2017~~2019 and beyond.

We expect the rate of growth in revenues will ~~increase in~~remain consistent during the ~~fourth quarter~~remainder of ~~2017~~2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, as a result of continued growth in the aggregate number of .com domain names, ~~ending~~offset by a decline in .~~com~~ ~~and increases in~~revenues from the .~~net~~ ~~domain name registration fees in February 2016 and 2017.~~Security Services business as the remaining customers terminate or consent to the assignment of their contracts to Neustar.

Geographic revenues

We generate revenues in the U.S.; Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”); China; and certain other countries, including Canada, Australia, and Japan.

The following table presents a comparison of our geographic revenues:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		% Change		2016		2017		% Change		2016		2019		% Change		2018		2019		% Change		2018
	(Dollars in thousands)												(Dollars in thousands)
U.S.	$	173,433	3	%	$	167,796	$	518,913	4	%	$	497,595	$	193,392	1	%	$	190,980	$	577,395	2	%	$	563,981
EMEA	52,790		2	%	51,615		158,509		2	%	155,280		51,480		(3	)%	53,047		155,221		(3	)%	159,831
China	27,177		(18	)%	33,224		80,680		(17	)%	97,150		30,647		13	%	27,094		88,337		11	%	79,502
Other	39,028		12	%	34,919		111,492		5	%	105,871		32,902		(5	)%	34,656		100,165		(4	)%	104,203
Total revenues	$	292,428			$	287,554	$	869,594			$	855,896	$	308,421			$	305,777	$	921,118			$	907,517

Revenues for our Registry Services business are attributed to the country of domicile and the respective regions in which our registrars are ~~located,~~located; however, this may differ from the regions where the registrars operate or where registrants are located. Revenue growth for each region may be impacted by registrars reincorporating, relocating, or from acquisitions or changes in affiliations of resellers. ~~The impacts of these changes are reflected in the growth rates in the U.S. and Other regions.~~ Revenue growth for each region may also be impacted by registrars domiciled in one region, registering domain names in another region. ~~Although revenues grew in the U.S., EMEA and Other regions for~~During the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017, compared~~2019, the majority of our revenue growth has come from increased sales to ~~the same period last year, revenues from China decreased. Revenues from China for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 benefited from the increased volume of registrations~~registrars based in the ~~second half of 2015~~U.S. and ~~first quarter of 2016, discussed earlier. However, a significant portion of those registrations did not renew, resulting~~China. Revenues in the ~~decline~~U.S. and EMEA regions in particular, were impacted by the decrease in revenues from ~~China.~~our Security Services business as customers terminated or consented to the assignment of their contracts to Neustar.

Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues consist primarily of salaries and employee benefits expenses for our personnel who manage the operational systems, depreciation expenses, operational costs associated with the delivery of our services, fees paid to ICANN, customer support and training, consulting and development services, costs of facilities and computer equipment used in these activities, telecommunications expense and allocations of indirect costs such as corporate overhead.

A comparison of ~~cost~~Cost of revenues is presented below:

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2017 % Change 2016 2017 % Change 2016
(Dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenues $ 47,333
(5 )% $ 49,807
$ 145,646
(2 )% $ 149,142



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		% Change		2018		2019		% Change		2018
	(Dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenues	$	44,443	(8	)%	$	48,249	$	134,013	(7	)%	$	143,766

Cost of revenues decreased by ~~$2.5~~$3.8 million during the three months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, compared to the same period last year, due in part to a decrease in expenses following the sale of the Security Services business.

Cost of revenues decreased by $9.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the same period last year, primarily due to ~~a $1.6 million decrease~~decreases in ~~depreciation expense and a $1.5 million decrease in~~telecommunications expenses, salary and employee benefits expenses, and depreciation expenses. ~~Depreciation expense~~Telecommunications expenses decreased by $4.4 million as a result of lower ~~hardware purchases in recent years.~~costs to support our operations. Salary and ~~employee~~ benefits expenses decreased ~~primarily~~by $3.8 million due to a reduction in average headcount primarily related to employees supporting the ~~sale of the iDefense~~Security Services business.

Cost of revenues decreased by $3.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the same period last year, primarily due to a decrease of $4.1 million in depreciation expenses and $1.8 million in salary and employee benefits expenses, partially offset by a $1.5 million increase in telecommunication expenses. Depreciation expenses decreased primarily due to lower hardware purchases in recent years. Salary and employee benefits expenses decreased primarily due to a reduction in average headcount related to the sale of the iDefense business. Telecommunication expenses increasedby $2.0 million as a result of ~~an increase~~a decrease in ~~network costs supporting our operations.~~capital expenditures in recent years.

We expect ~~cost~~Cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues to ~~remain consistent~~increase slightly during the ~~fourth quarter~~remainder of ~~2017~~2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017.~~2019 primarily due to costs related to infrastructure projects.

Sales and marketing

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, sales commissions, sales operations and other personnel-related expenses, travel and related expenses, trade shows, costs of lead generation, costs of computer and communications equipment and support services, facilities costs, consulting fees, costs of marketing programs, such as online, television, radio, print and direct mail advertising costs, and allocations of indirect costs such as corporate overhead.

A comparison of ~~sales~~Sales and marketing expenses is presented below:

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2017 % Change 2016 2017 % Change 2016
(Dollars in thousands)
Sales and marketing $ 18,667
— % $ 18,647
$ 56,463
(3 )% $ 58,431



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		% Change		2018		2019		% Change		2018
	(Dollars in thousands)
Sales and marketing	$	9,857	(29	)%	$	13,868	$	32,775	(31	)%	$	47,712

Sales and marketing expenses ~~remained consistent~~decreased by $4.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the same period last year as a $1.7 million decrease in salary and employee benefits expenses was offset by a $1.7 million increase in advertising and marketing expenses. Salary and employee benefits expenses decreased as a result of a reduction in headcount. Advertising and marketing expenses increased primarily due to increases in costs related to certain marketing campaigns supporting our Registry Services business.

~~Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $2.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017,~~2019, compared to the same period last year, primarily due to a ~~$3.2~~$2.1 million decrease in salary and employee benefits expenses ~~partially offset~~as a result of a reduction in average headcount primarily affecting employees supporting the Security Services business.

Sales and marketing expenses decreased by ~~a $2.4~~$14.9 million ~~increase~~during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the same period last year, primarily due to decreases in salary and employee benefits expenses, advertising and marketing expenses and allocated overhead expenses. Salary and employee benefits expenses decreased ~~as a result of~~by $6.7 million due to a reduction in ~~headcount.~~average headcount primarily affecting employees supporting the Security Services business. Advertising and marketing expenses ~~increased~~decreased by $3.6 million as we executed fewer marketing activities and campaigns. Allocated overhead expenses decreased by $2.2 million primarily due to ~~increases~~a decrease in ~~costs related~~average headcount relative to ~~certain marketing campaigns supporting our Registry Services business.~~other cost types.

We expect ~~sales~~Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenues to increase slightly during the ~~fourth quarter~~remainder of ~~2017~~2019, compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, as ~~the volume of~~we execute more advertising and marketing ~~initiatives increases.~~campaigns.

Research and development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs related to research and development personnel, including salaries and other personnel-related expenses, consulting fees, facilities costs, computer and communications equipment, support services used in our service and technology development, and allocations of indirect costs such as corporate overhead.

A comparison of ~~research~~Research and development expenses is presented below:

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2017 % Change 2016 2017 % Change 2016
(Dollars in thousands)
Research and development $ 12,715
(11 )% $ 14,324
$ 39,569
(13 )% $ 45,355



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		% Change		2018		2019		% Change		2018
	(Dollars in thousands)
Research and development	$	14,619	7	%	$	13,712	$	45,704	7	%	$	42,842

Research and development expenses ~~decreased~~increased by ~~$1.6~~$0.9 million during the three months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, compared to the same period last year, ~~primarily~~ due to a ~~decrease in salary and employee benefits expenses resulting from a reduction in headcount.~~combination of individually insignificant factors.

Research and development expenses ~~decreased~~increased by ~~$5.8~~$2.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, compared to the same period last year, ~~primarily~~ due to a $2.0 million decrease in ~~salary and employee benefits expenses resulting from a reduction in headcount.~~capitalized labor.

We expect ~~research~~Research and development expenses as a percentage of revenues to remain consistent during the ~~fourth quarter~~remainder of ~~2017~~2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017.~~2019.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and other personnel-related expenses for our executive, administrative, legal, finance, information technology and human resources personnel, costs of facilities, computer and communications equipment, management information systems, support services, professional services fees, certain tax and license fees, and bad debt expense, offset by allocations of indirect costs such as facilities and shared services expenses to other cost types.

A comparison of ~~general~~General and administrative expenses is presented below:

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2017 % Change 2016 2017 % Change 2016
(Dollars in thousands)
General and administrative $ 32,654
9 % $ 30,000
$ 96,626
13 % $ 85,158



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		% Change		2018		2019		% Change		2018
	(Dollars in thousands)
General and administrative	$	33,886	(3	)%	$	34,951	$	101,065	1	%	$	99,771

General and administrative expenses ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$2.7~~$1.1 million during the three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~,2019, compared to the same period last year, primarily due to a ~~combination~~$1.8 million decrease in stock-based compensation expenses as a result of ~~individually insignificant items.~~a decrease in the projected achievement level on certain performance-based RSU grants.

General and administrative expenses increased by ~~$11.5~~$1.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, compared to the same period last year, primarily due to a $6.6 million increase in salary and employee benefits expenses, including stock-based compensation, a $3.1 million increase in legal expenses and a combination of other individually insignificant items, partially offset by a $2.3 million decrease in depreciation expenses. Salary and employee benefits expenses, including stock-based compensation expenses increased due to an increase in ~~average headcount and higher projected achievement levels on~~costs related to certain ~~performance-based RSU grants. Legal expenses increased due to higher external legal fees. Depreciation expenses decreased due to lower capital expenditures in recent years.~~security initiatives.

We expect ~~general~~General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues to ~~remain consistent~~increase slightly during the ~~fourth quarter~~remainder of ~~2017~~2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017.~~

2019 due to the timing of certain projects and an increase in infrastructure and security related expenses.

Interest expense

The following table presents the components of Interest expense:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2019		2018		2019		2018
	(In thousands)								(In thousands)
Contractual interest on Senior Notes									$	21,766	$	21,766	$	65,298	$	65,297
Contractual interest on Subordinated Convertible Debentures	$	12,426	$	10,156	$	32,738	$	30,469	—		—		—		20,015
Contractual interest on Senior Notes	21,403		15,235		51,872		45,704
Amortization of debt discount on Subordinated Convertible Debentures	3,034		2,802		8,916		8,235		—		—		—		4,236
Amortization of debt issuance costs and other interest expense	893		726		2,343		2,174		867		865		2,601		2,663
Total interest expense	$	37,756	$	28,919	$	95,869	$	86,582	$	22,633	$	22,631	$	67,899	$	92,211

There was no contractual interest or amortization of debt discount on the Subordinated Convertible Debentures in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 due to the settlement of the outstanding convertible debentures in May 2018.

We expect ~~interest~~Interest expense as a ~~percent~~percentage of revenues to ~~increase~~remain consistent during the ~~fourth quarter~~remainder of ~~2017~~2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017, due to the additional interest expense related to the senior notes issued in July 2017 and due to the contingent interest related to our Subordinated Convertible Debentures. Effective August 15, 2017, we have the right to redeem the Subordinated Convertible Debentures under the terms of the indenture. Therefore, the fair value of the contingent interest embedded derivative for periods after August 15, 2017 is negligible, and any future contingent interest is recognized as interest expense.2019.

Non-operating income, net

The following table presents the components of Non-operating income, net:


	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016		2017			2016		2019		2018		2019		2018
	(In thousands)										(In thousands)
Interest income	$	5,832		$	1,728	$	11,386		$	4,292	$	6,457	$	5,823	$	21,045	$	19,894
(Loss) gain on sale of business	(186		)	—		10,421			—
Unrealized gain (loss) on contingent interest derivative on Subordinated Convertible Debentures	—			1,440		(893		)	2,411
Transition services income											3,750		—		11,850		—
Loss on extinguishment of Subordinated Convertible Debentures											—		—		—		(6,554		)
Other, net	595			94		630			1,389		291		112		1,242		1,059
Total non-operating income, net	$	6,241		$	3,262	$	21,544		$	8,092	$	10,498	$	5,935	$	34,137	$	14,399

~~On April 1, 2017, we completed the sale of our iDefense business, which resulted in a gain of approximately $10.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Interest~~Non-operating income, net, increased in ~~both~~ the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 due to ~~higher amounts invested~~income from the transition services provided to Neustar in ~~marketable securities~~2019 in connection with the sale of customer contracts of our Security Services business in 2018 and ~~higher interest rates.~~the loss on extinguishment of the Subordinated Convertible Debentures which was recognized in the second quarter of 2018.

Income tax expense

The following table presents ~~income~~Income tax expense and the effective tax rate:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016			2019			2018			2019			2018
	(Dollars in thousands)												(Dollars in thousands)
Income tax expense	$	34,645		$	34,692		$	102,554		$	104,227		$	39,568		$	40,621		$	109,825		$	95,320
Effective tax rate	23		%	23		%	22		%	24		%	20		%	23		%	19		%	19		%

The effective tax rate for each of the ~~three and nine months ended~~ ~~September 30, 2017~~ ~~and 2016 was lower than~~periods in the table above differed from the statutory federal rate of ~~35%~~ ~~primarily~~21% due to a lower foreign effective tax ~~benefits from foreign income taxed at lower rates, partially~~rate, offset by state income ~~taxes.~~taxes and U.S. taxes on foreign earnings, net of foreign tax credits. Additionally, ~~the effective~~income tax ~~rate~~expense for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017 is also~~2019 was reduced by ~~$8.2~~$14.6 million of excess tax benefits related to stock-based ~~compensation, pursuant~~compensation. Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was reduced by $12.6 million of tax benefits recognized related to changes to provisional amounts previously recognized for the ~~adoption~~impact of ~~ASU 2016-09 -~~ ~~Improvements~~the Tax Act, and $7.2 million of excess tax benefits related to ~~Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, effective January 1, 2017, as discussed in Note 1 to our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.~~stock-based compensation.

Liquidity and Capital Resources


	September 30,		December 31,		September 30,		December 31,
	2017		2016		2019		2018
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	286,822	$	231,945	$	109,288	$	357,415
Marketable securities	2,078,905		1,565,962		1,120,723		912,254
Total	$	2,365,727	$	1,797,907	$	1,230,011	$	1,269,669

As of September 30, ~~2017~~2019, our principal ~~source~~sources of liquidity ~~was~~ were $~~286.8~~109.3 million of cash and cash equivalents and $~~2.1~~1.12 billion of marketable securities. The marketable securities primarily consist of debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury meeting the criteria of our investment policy, which is focused on the preservation of our capital through investment in investment grade securities. The cash equivalents consist of amounts invested in money market funds and U.S. Treasury bills purchased with original maturities of less than 90 days. As of September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, all of our debt securities have contractual maturities of less than one year. Our cash and cash equivalents are readily accessible. For additional information on our investment portfolio, see Note 2, ~~“Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities,~~“Financial Instruments,” of our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we completed the previously disclosed repatriation of $249.0 million of cash held by foreign subsidiaries, net of $13.1 million of foreign withholding taxes which were accrued during 2018. As of September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, the amount of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities held by foreign subsidiaries was ~~$1.6 billion. Our intent remains to indefinitely reinvest these funds outside~~$719.5 million.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we repurchased 1.0 million shares of our common stock for an aggregate cost of $194.0 million. As of September 30, 2019, there was approximately $522.1 million remaining available for future share repurchases under the ~~U.S. and accordingly,~~share repurchase program which has no expiration date.

As of September 30, 2019, we have not provided deferred U.S. taxes for these funds. In the event funds from foreign operations are needed to fund operations in the U.S. and if U.S. tax has not already been provided, we would be required to accrue and pay additional U.S. taxes in order to repatriate these funds.

~~On July 5, 2017, we issued~~had $550.0 million principal amount outstanding of 4.75% senior unsecured notes due July 15, 2027. We intend to use the proceeds for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, the repurchase of shares under our share repurchase program. We will pay interest on the notes semi-annually on January 15 and July 15, commencing on January 15, 2018. Additionally, as of September 30, 2017, we also had2027, $500.0 million principal amount outstanding of ~~the~~ 5.25% senior unsecured notes due 2025, and $750.0 million principal amount outstanding of ~~the~~ 4.625% senior unsecured notes due 2023.

As of September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, there were no borrowings outstanding under ~~the~~our $200.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility that will expire in 2020.

As of September 30, 2017, we had $1.25 billion principal amount outstanding of 3.25% subordinated convertible debentures due 2037. The price of our common stock exceeded the conversion price threshold trigger during the third quarter of 2017. Accordingly, the Subordinated Convertible Debentures are convertible at the option of each holder through December 31, 2017. We do not expect a material amount of the Subordinated Convertible Debentures to be converted in the near term as the trading price of the debentures exceeds the value that is likely to be received upon conversion. However, we cannot provide any assurance that the trading price of the debentures will continue to exceed the value that would be derived upon conversion or that the holders will not elect to convert the Subordinated Convertible Debentures. If a holder elects to convert its Subordinated Convertible Debentures, we are permitted under the Indenture to pursue an exchange in lieu of conversion or to settle the conversion value (as defined in the Indenture) in cash, stock, or a combination thereof. If we choose not to pursue or cannot complete an exchange in lieu of conversion, we currently have the intent and the ability (based on current facts and circumstances) to settle the principal amount of the Subordinated Convertible Debentures in cash. However, if the principal amount of the Subordinated Convertible Debentures that holders actually elect to convert exceeds our cash on hand and cash from operations, we will need to draw cash from existing financing or pursue additional sources of financing to settle the Subordinated Convertible Debentures in cash. We cannot provide any assurances that we will be able to obtain new sources of financing on terms acceptable to us or at all, nor can we assure that we will be able to obtain such financing in time to settle the Subordinated Convertible Debentures that holders elect to convert. The Subordinated Convertible Debentures continue to generate cash tax benefits while they remain outstanding and they are an important part of our capital structure. Although we have the right to redeem these debentures under the terms of the indenture, our intention, based on current conditions, is to not redeem these debentures, which will allow the cash tax benefits to continue to accrue.

We paid contingent interest of $7.7 million in February 2017 and $7.5 million in August 2017 in addition to the normal coupon interest. In August 2017, the upside trigger on the Subordinated Convertible Debentures was met again, and we will pay contingent interest of $9.1 million in February 2018.

We derive significant tax savings from the Subordinated Convertible Debentures. For 2017, the interest deduction for income tax purposes, related to our Subordinated Convertible Debentures, is projected to be $191.5 million, compared to cash interest, including contingent interest, of $55.9 million. For income tax purposes, we deduct interest expense on the Subordinated Convertible Debentures calculated at 8.5% of the adjusted issue price, subject to adjustment for actual versus projected contingent interest. The adjusted issue price, and consequently the interest deduction for income tax purposes, grows

over the term due to the difference between the interest deduction taken using a comparable yield of 8.5% on the adjusted issue price, and the coupon rate of 3.25% on the principal amount, compounded annually. The interest deduction taken is subject to recapture upon settlement to the extent that the amount paid (in cash or stock) to settle the Subordinated Convertible Debentures is less than the adjusted issue price. Interest recognized in accordance with GAAP, which is calculated at 8.39% of the liability component of the Subordinated Convertible Debentures, will also grow over the term, but at a slower rate. This difference will result in a continuing increase in the deferred tax liability on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

We believe existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, and funds generated from operations, together with our borrowing capacity under the unsecured revolving credit facility should be sufficient to meet our working capital, capital expenditure requirements, and to service our debt for at least the next 12 months. We regularly assess our cash management approach and activities in view of our current and potential future needs.

In summary, our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016 are~~2018 were as follows:

Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2017 2016
(In thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 503,568
$ 488,043
Net cash used in investing activities (531,619 ) (50,762 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 81,810
(488,264 )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 1,118
109
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents $ 54,877
$ (50,874 )



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
	(In thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	560,294		$	479,267
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(237,827		)	984,447
Net cash used in financing activities	(570,333		)	(1,696,976		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(208		)	(985		)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	(248,074	)	$	(234,247	)

Cash flows from operating activities

Our largest source of operating cash flows is cash collections from our customers. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are for personnel related expenditures, and other general operating expenses, as well as payments related to taxes, interest and facilities.

Net cash provided by operating activities increased during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019, compared to the same period last year, primarily due to an increase in cash collected from customers ~~partially offset by an increase in cash paid to suppliers~~ and ~~employees and an increase~~decreases in cash paid for interest on our debt obligations, for income ~~taxes.~~taxes, and to suppliers and employees. Cash received from customers increased primarily due to higher .~~com~~domain name registrations and ~~renewals, and~~renewals. The decrease in cash paid for interest on our debt obligations was primarily due to the ~~increases~~settlement of our Subordinated Convertible Debentures in May 2018. The decrease in cash paid for income taxes was primarily due to the foreign withholding taxes paid on the repatriation of $1.15 billion cash held by foreign subsidiaries to the U.S. in the .~~net~~ ~~domain name registration fees~~first quarter of 2018, partially offset by higher U.S. federal income tax payments in ~~February 2016 and 2017.~~2019. Cash paid to suppliers and employees ~~increased primarily~~decreased due to ~~the timing of certain vendor payments. Cash paid for income taxes increased due to higher foreign income tax payments.~~lower operating expenses.

Cash flows from investing activities

The changes in cash flows from investing activities primarily relate to purchases, maturities and sales of marketable securities, ~~and~~ purchases of property and equipment and ~~proceeds from~~ the sale of businesses.

~~Net~~We had net cash ~~used in~~outflows from investing activities ~~increased during~~in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, compared to net cash inflows during the same period last year, primarily due to ~~an increase~~a decrease in ~~purchases~~proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities, net of ~~proceeds~~purchases, and payments to Neustar for amounts collected from ~~sales and maturities, an increase~~Security Services customers in ~~purchases of property and equipment, partially offset by the payments made in third quarter of 2016 for the future assignment of the rights to the~~ ~~.web~~ ~~gTLD, and an increase in other investing activities including the proceeds received from~~connection with the sale of the customer contracts of our ~~iDefense~~Security Services business.

Cash flows from financing activities

The changes in cash flows from financing activities primarily relate to share repurchases, ~~proceeds from borrowings,~~debt repayments, and our employee stock purchase plan.

~~The change~~Net cash used in ~~net cash provided by (used in)~~ financing activities decreased during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, compared to the same period last year, ~~was~~ primarily due to the ~~proceeds from the issuance~~repayment of the ~~4.75% senior notes due 2027 in~~principal amount of the ~~third~~Subordinated Convertible Debentures during the second quarter of ~~2017, net of issuance costs, and a decrease~~2018, partially offset by an increase in share repurchases.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There have been no significant changes in our market risk exposures since December 31, ~~2016 other than the issuance of the 4.75% senior notes due 2027 and an increase in marketable securities.~~2018.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on our management’s evaluation, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (our principal executive officer) and our Chief Financial Officer (our principal financial officer), as of September 30, ~~2017~~2019, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations of Disclosure Controls and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Because of their inherent limitations, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting may not prevent material errors or fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. The effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting is subject to risks, including that the control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with our policies or procedures may deteriorate.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

~~On January 18, 2017,~~As we previously disclosed, Afilias, a competitor and losing bidder in the ~~Company received~~.web auction, filed a ~~Civil Investigative Demand (“CID”) from~~form of arbitration proceeding against ICANN, an Independent Review Process (IRP) under ICANN’s bylaws, on November 14, 2018. Afilias alleges that the ~~Antitrust Division~~agreement between Verisign and Nu Dotco, LLC (NDC) pertaining to .web violated ICANN’s new gTLD Applicant Guidebook. As a result, Afilias claims that ICANN had a duty to disqualify NDC’s bid and award .web to Afilias. Afilias also claims that ICANN would violate its bylaws pertaining to competition by awarding .web to Verisign. Afilias amended its IRP on March 21, 2019 in part to oppose Verisign’s and NDC’s participation in the IRP. A hearing was held on Verisign’s and NDC’s applications for participation and a ruling is expected in fourth quarter of 2019. We believe that Afilias’ claims regarding Verisign’s and NDC’s conduct are without merit and, if permitted to participate in the ~~United States Department of Justice (“DOJ”) requesting certain material related~~IRP, we intend to ~~the Company becoming the registry operator for the .web~~ ~~gTLD.~~ vigorously oppose Afilias’ claims.

We are ~~cooperating with the DOJ. At this time, the Company is unable to estimate a range of potential financial and non-financial outcomes in connection with this matter.~~

~~Verisign is~~ also involved in various investigations, claims and lawsuits arising in the normal conduct of ~~its~~our business, none of which, in ~~its~~our opinion, will have a material adverse effect on ~~its~~our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. ~~The Company~~We cannot assure you that itwe will prevail in any litigation. Regardless of the outcome, any litigation may require ~~the Company~~us to incur significant litigation expense and may result in significant diversion of management attention.

ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORS

In addition to other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the following risk factors should be carefully considered in evaluating us and our business because these factors currently have a significant impact or may have a significant impact on our business, prospects, operating results or financial condition. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as a result of the risk factors discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in other filings we make with the SEC.

Risks arising from our agreements governing our Registry Services business could limit our ability to maintain or grow our business.

We are parties to (i) a Cooperative Agreement, ~~(as amended)~~as amended, with the DOC with respect to the .com gTLD and (ii) Registry Agreements with ICANN ~~for~~ with respect to the .com, .net, .name, and other gTLDs including our IDN gTLDs. As substantially all of our revenues are derived from our Registry Services business, limitations and obligations in, or changes or challenges to, these agreements, particularly the agreements that involve .com and .net, could have a material adverse impact on our business. Certain competing registries, such as the ccTLDs, doare not ~~face~~subject to the same limitations or obligations that we ~~face~~are subject to in our agreements. Verisign and the DOC entered into Amendment 35 to the Cooperative Agreement on October 26, 2018, which, among other things, extends the term of the Cooperative Agreement through November 30, 2024. As amended by Amendment 35, the Cooperative Agreement will automatically renew on the same terms for successive six-year terms unless the DOC provides written notice of non-renewal within 120 days prior to the end of the then-current term. Further changes to the Cooperative Agreement require the mutual agreement of the DOC and the Company.

Modifications or Amendments. In October 2016, the Company and ICANN entered into an amendment to extend the term of the .com Registry Agreement to November 30, 2024 (the “.com Amendment”). As part of the .com Amendment, the Company and ICANN agreed to negotiate in good faith to amend the terms of the .com Registry Agreement: (i) by October 20, 2018, to preserve and enhance the security and stability of the internet or the .com TLD, and (ii) as may be necessary for consistency with changes to, or the termination or expiration of, the Cooperative Agreement. ICANN and Verisign are engaged in discussions to satisfy this obligation, including modifying the .com Registry Agreement based on the changes to the Cooperative Agreement arising from Amendment 35. We can provide no assurance that any new terms for the .com Registry Agreement that we agree to as a result of these discussions will match the ~~above obligations~~changes permitted in Amendment 35 nor can we provide assurances that certain terms that we agree to will not ~~have a material adverse impact on~~increase the costs or risks associated with our ~~business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.~~

~~The DOC approved~~operation of the .com ~~Amendment under amendment 34 to the Cooperative Agreement. The DOC did not extend the term of~~ TLD. Under the Cooperative Agreement, ~~which~~as amended by Amendment 35, standard renewals of the .com Registry Agreement will ~~expire~~not require further DOC approval. If, in connection with a renewal of the .com Registry Agreement, the Company seeks any additional changes to the pricing section other than as approved in Amendment 35, changes to the vertical integration provisions, changes to the functional or performance specifications (including the SLAs), changes to the conditions for renewal or termination, or changes to the Whois service (other than such changes mandated by ICANN through Consensus Policies and specifications or policies established on ~~November 30, 2018, unless~~a temporary basis (“Temporary Policies”)), as set forth in the Amendment 35, the prior written approval of the DOC in its sole discretion, extends the term. Under amendment 34, the DOC has the right to conduct a public interest review for the sole purpose of determining whether the DOC will exercise its right to extend the term of the Cooperative Agreement. In connection with the aforementioned review, we agreed to cooperate fully and to work in good faith to reach a mutual agreement with the DOC to resolve issues identified in such review and to work in good faith to implement any agreed upon changes as of the expiration of the current term of the Cooperative Agreement.is required. We can provide no ~~assurance~~assurances that ~~any changes that we agree to as a result of the above obligations will not have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.~~such approval would be obtained.

In addition, our Registry Agreements for new gTLDs, including the Registry Agreements for our IDN gTLDs, include ICANN’s right to amend the agreements without our consent, which could impose unfavorable contract obligations on us that

could impact our plans and competitive positions with respect to new gTLDs. At the time of renewal of our .com or .net Registry Agreements, ICANN might also attempt to impose this same unilateral right to amend these ~~registry agreements~~Registry Agreements under certain conditions. ICANN has also included new mandatory obligations on new gTLD registry operators, including us, that may increase the risks and potential liabilities associated with operating new gTLDs. ICANN might seek to impose these new mandatory obligations in our other Registry Agreements under certain conditions. We can provide no assurance that any changes to our Registry Agreements as a result of the above obligations will not have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.

Pricing. Under the terms of the Cooperative Agreement, ~~with~~as amended by Amendment 35, the ~~DOC~~Company and ICANN may agree to amend the ~~.com~~terms of the .com Registry Agreement ~~with ICANN, we are restricted during the term of the Registry Agreement from increasing~~to permit the price of registrations or renewals of .com domain names ~~above $7.85, except that~~to be increased by up to 7% per year in each of the final four years of each six-year period beginning on October 26, 2018. In addition, we are entitled to increase the price up to 7%, with the prior approval of the DOC, due to the

imposition of any new ICANN Consensus Policies, as established and defined under ICANN’s bylaws and due process, and covering certain items listed in the .com Registry Agreement, or documented extraordinary expense resulting from an attack or threat of attack on the security and stability of the DNS. However, it is uncertain ~~that such~~whether these additional circumstances ~~will~~would arise, or if they do, whether we would seek, or the DOC would approve, any request to increase the price for .com domain name registrations. We also have the right under the Cooperative Agreement to seek the removal of these pricing restrictions if we demonstrate to the DOC that market conditions no longer warrant such restrictions. However, it is uncertain whether we will seek the removal of such restrictions, or whether the DOC would approve the removal of such restrictions. In comparison, under the terms of the .net and .name Registry Agreements with ICANN, we are permitted to increase the price of domain name registrations and renewals in these TLDs up to 10% per year. Additionally, ICANN’s registry agreements for new gTLDs do not contain such pricing restrictions.

Vertical integration. Under Amendment 35, the parties clarified that the restrictions in the .com~~, .net,~~ ~~and .name~~ Registry ~~Agreements with ICANN, as well as~~Agreement relating to vertical integration apply solely to the ~~Cooperative Agreement with~~.com TLD. As to the ~~DOC,~~.com TLD, we are not permitted to acquire, directly or indirectly, control of, or a greater than 15% ownership interest in, any ICANN-accredited ~~registrar.~~registrar that sells .com domain name registrations. Historically, all gTLD registry operators were subject to ~~this~~a vertical integration prohibition; however, ICANN has established a process whereby registry operators may seek ICANN’s approval to remove this restriction, and ICANN has approved such removal ~~in several instances. If we were to seek removal of the vertical integration restrictions contained in our agreements, it is uncertain whether ICANN and/or DOC approval would be obtained.~~for certain other registry operators. Additionally, ICANN’s registry agreement for new gTLDs generally permits such vertical integration, with certain limitations including ICANN’s right, but not the obligation, to refer such vertical integration activities to competition authorities. ~~Furthermore, such~~If we seek to remove the vertical integration restrictions contained in our agreements, it is uncertain whether ICANN approval would be obtained. Furthermore, even if we obtain such approval, we can provide no assurances that we will enter the domain name retail market, or that we will be successful if we choose to do ~~not generally apply to ccTLD registry operators.~~so. If registry operators of other TLDs, orincluding ccTLDs, are able to obtain competitive advantages through ~~such~~ vertical integration, and we are not, it could materially harm our business.

Renewal and Termination. Our .com, .net, and .name Registry Agreements with ICANN contain “presumptive” rights of renewal upon the expiration of their current terms on November 30, 2024, June 30, 2023 and August 15, ~~2018~~2020, respectively. The Registry Agreements for our new gTLDs including our IDN gTLDs are subject to a 10-year term and contain similar “presumptive” renewal rights. If certain terms in our .com and .net Registry Agreements are not similar to such terms generally in effect in the registry agreements of the five largest gTLDs, then a renewal of these agreements shall be upon terms reasonably necessary to render such terms similar to the registry agreements for those other gTLDs. There can be no assurance that such terms, if they apply, will not have a material adverse impact on our business. A ~~renewal of the .com~~ ~~Registry Agreement must be approved~~failure by ~~the DOC, which, under certain circumstances, could refuse to grant its approval to the renewal of the~~ ~~.com~~ ~~Registry Agreement on similar terms, or at all. A failure (i) by~~ ICANN ~~or the DOC~~ to approve the renewal of the .com Registry Agreement prior to the expiration of its current term on November 30, 2024 or ~~(ii) by ICANN~~ to approve the renewal of the .net Registry Agreement prior to or upon the expiration of its current term on June 30, 2023, would have, absent an extension, a material adverse effect on our business. ICANN could terminate or refuse to renew our .com or .net Registry Agreements if, upon proper notice, (i) we fail to cure a fundamental and material breach of certain specified obligations, and (ii) we fail to timely comply with a final decision of an arbitrator or court. ICANN’s termination or refusal to renew either the .com or .net Registry Agreement would have a material adverse effect on our business.

Consensus Policies. Our Registry Agreements with ICANN require us to implement Consensus Policies and ~~specifications or policies established on a temporary basis (“~~Temporary ~~Policies”).~~Policies. ICANN could adopt Consensus Policies or Temporary Policies that are unfavorable to us as the registry operator of .com, .net and our othergTLDs, that are inconsistent with our current or future plans, that impose substantial costs on our business, that subject the Company to additional legal risks, or that affect our competitive position. Such Consensus Policies or Temporary Policies could have a material adverse effect on our business. As an example, ICANN has adopted a Consensus Policy that requires Verisign to receive and display ~~thick-Whois~~Thick Whois data for .com and .net., although that Policy is scheduled to be reviewed by ICANN. In addition, ICANN has adopted a Temporary Specification that establishes temporary requirements for registry operators and registrars regarding the collection, display and disclosure of Thick Whois data pending ICANN’s establishment of a permanent Consensus Policy. The costs of complying or failing to comply with ~~this policy~~these policies as well as laws and regulations, such as General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), regarding ~~publicly identifiable~~personal information and data privacy, such

as domestic and various foreign privacy regimes, could expose us to compliance costs and substantial liability, and result in costly and time-consuming investigations or litigation.

Technical Standards and ICANN Processes. Our Registry Agreements with ICANN require Verisign to implement and comply with various technical standards and specifications published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (“IETF”). ICANN could impose requirements on us through changes to these IETF standards that are inconsistent with our current or future plans, that impose substantial costs on our business, that subject the Company to additional legal risks, or that affect our competitive position. Any such changes to the IETF standards could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, under Amendment 35, we have agreed to continue to operate the .com TLD in a content neutral manner and to work within ICANN processes to promote the development of content neutral policies for the operation of the DNS. Such policies could expose us to compliance costs and substantial liability and result in costly and time-consuming investigations or litigation.

Legal ~~challenges~~Challenges. Our Registry Agreements have faced, and could face in the future, challenges, including possible legal challenges, resulting from our activities or the activities of ICANN, registrars, registrants, and others, and any adverse outcome from such challenges could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Governmental regulation and the application of new and existing laws in the U.S. and overseas may slow business growth, increase our costs of doing business, create potential liability and have an adverse effect on our business.

Application of new and existing laws and regulations in the U.S. or overseas to the internet and communications industry can be unclear. The costs of complying or failing to comply with these laws and regulations could limit our ability to operate in our current markets, expose us to compliance costs and substantial liability, and result in costly and time-consuming litigation. For example, the government of ~~the People’s Republic of~~ China ~~(“PRC”)~~ has indicated that it will issue, and in some instances has begun to issue, new regulations, and has begun to enforce existing regulations, that impose additional costs on, and risks to, our provision of Registry Services in ~~the PRC~~China and could impact the growth or renewal rates of domain name registrations in ~~the PRC.~~China. In addition to registry operators, ~~certain~~some of ~~such~~these regulations ~~will~~ also require registrars to obtain a government-issued

license for each TLD whose domain name registrations they intend to sell directly to registrants. Any failure to obtain the required licenses, or to comply with any license requirements or any updates thereto, by us or our registrars could impact ~~the growth of~~ our current and future business in ~~the PRC.~~China.

Foreign, federal or state laws could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and our ability to conduct business in certain foreign countries. For example, laws designed to restrict who can register and who can distribute domain names, ~~the online distribution of certain materials deemed harmful to children,~~ online gambling, counterfeit goods, and intellectual property violations such as cybersquatting; laws designed to require registrants to provide additional documentation or information in connection with domain name registrations; and laws designed to promote ~~cyber security~~cybersecurity may impose significant additional costs on our business or subject us to additional liabilities. We

To conduct our operations, we regularly move data across national borders and receive data originating from different jurisdictions, and consequently are subject to a variety of continuously evolving and developing laws and regulations in the United States and abroad regarding privacy, data protection and data security. The scope of the laws that may be applicable to us is often uncertain and may be conflicting, particularly with respect to foreign laws. For example, the European Union’s GDPR, which greatly increases the jurisdictional reach of European Union law and adds a broad array of requirements for handling personal data, including the public disclosure of significant data breaches, and significant penalties, became effective in May 2018. Other countries and other states have ~~a contract pursuant~~enacted or are enacting data localization laws regulating or limiting data collection, storage and transfer as well as granting new rights to ~~which we provide services~~data subjects. All of these evolving compliance and operational requirements can impose significant costs for us that are likely to ~~the U.S. government and it imposes compliance costs, including compliance with the Federal Acquisition Regulation, which could be significant to the Company.~~increase over time.

Due to the nature of the internet, it is possible that federal, state or foreign governments might attempt to regulate internet transmissions or prosecute us for violations of ~~their~~ laws. We might unintentionally violate such laws, such laws may be modified or enforced using new or novel legal theories, and new laws may be enacted in the future. In addition, as we continue to launch and market our IDN gTLDs and increase our marketing efforts of our other TLDs in foreign countries, we may raise our profile in certain foreign countries thereby increasing the regulatory and other scrutiny of our operations. Any such developments could increase the costs of regulatory compliance for us, affect our reputation, expose us to liability, penalties or fines, force us to change our business practices or otherwise materially harm our business. In addition, any such ~~new~~ laws could impede growth of, or result in a decline in, domain name ~~registrations, as well as impact the demand for our services.~~registrations.

Undetected or unknown defects in our service, security breaches, defects in the technologies and ~~DDoS~~services in our supply chain, and Distributed Denial of Service (“DDoS”) attacks could expose us to liability and harm our business and reputation.

Services as complex as those we offer or develop could contain undetected defects or errors. Despite testing, defects or errors may occur in our existing or new services, which could result in service outages or disruptions, compromised customer data, including DNS data, diversion of development resources, injury to our reputation, tort or contract claims, increased insurance costs or increased service costs, any of which could harm our business. Performance of our services could have

unforeseen or unknown adverse effects on the networks over which they are delivered as well as, more broadly, on internet users and consumers, and on third-party applications and services that utilize our services, which could result in legal claims against us, harming our business. Our failure to identify, remediate and mitigate security vulnerabilities and breaches or our inability to meet customer expectations in a timely manner could also result in loss of or delay in revenues, failure to meet contracted service level obligations, loss of market share, failure to achieve market acceptance, injury to our reputation and increased costs.

In addition to undetected defects or errors, we are also subject to cyber-attacks and attempted security breaches. We retain certain customer and employee information in our data centers and various domain name registration systems. It is critical to our business strategy, as well as fulfilling our obligations as the registry operator for .com and .net,that our facilities and infrastructure remain secure, that we continue to meet our service level agreements and ~~are perceived by~~that we maintain the ~~marketplace to be secure.~~public’s trust in the internet services that we provide. The Company, as an operator of critical internet infrastructure, is frequently targeted and experiences a high rate of attacks. These include the most sophisticated forms of attacks, such as advanced persistent threat attacks and zero-hour threats. These forms of attacks involve situations where the threat is not compiled or has been previously unobserved within our observation and threat indicators space until the moment it is launched. In addition, these forms of attacks may target specific unidentified or unresolved vulnerabilities that exist only within the target’s supply chain or operating environment, making these attacks virtually impossible to anticipate and difficult to defend against. In addition to external threats, we may be subject to insider threats, including those from third-party suppliers such as consultants and advisors, SaaS providers, hardware, software, and network systems manufacturers, and other outside vendors, or from current or former contractors or ~~contract~~ employees; these threats can be realized from intentional or unintentional actions. The Shared Registration System, the root zone servers, the root zone file, the Root Zone ~~Management~~Maintainer System, the TLD name servers and the TLD zone files that we operate are critical to our Registry Services operations. Therefore, attacks against third-party suppliers that provide services to our Registry Services operations could also impact our infrastructure. Despite the significant time and money expended on our security measures, we have been subject to a security breach, asthat was previously disclosed in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011, and our infrastructure may in the future be vulnerable to physical break-ins, ~~outages~~disruptions resulting from destructive ~~malcode,~~malware, hardware or enabling software defects, computer viruses, attacks by hackers or nefarious actors or similar disruptive problems, including hacktivism. It is possible that we may have to expend additional financial and other resources to address such problems. Any physical or electronic break-in or other security breach or compromise of the information stored at our data centers or domain name registration systems may cause an outage of, or jeopardize the security of, information stored on our premises or in the computer systems and networks of our customers. In such an event, we could face significant liability, fail to meet contracted service level obligations, customers could be reluctant to use our services and we could be at risk for loss of various security and standards-based compliance certifications needed for operation of our businesses, all or any of which could adversely affect our reputation and harm our ~~business.~~business or cause financial losses that are either not insured against or not fully covered through any insurance that we maintain. Such an occurrence could also result in adverse publicity and therefore adversely affect the market’s perception of the security of e-commerce and communications over the internet as well as of the security or reliability of our services.

We use externally developed technology, systems and services including both hardware and software, for a variety of purposes, including, without limitation, compute, storage, encryption and authentication, back-office support, and other functions. While we have developed operational policies and procedures to reduce the impact of a security ~~breach~~vulnerabilities in system components, as well as at ~~a vendor~~any vendors where Company data is stored or processed, such measures cannot provide absolute security. ~~Breaches~~Vulnerabilities in, and exploits leading to, breaches of our or our vendors’ technology, systems ~~and~~or services could expose us or our customers to a risk of outages, loss or misuse of Company data, including but not limited to sensitive personal information.

Additionally, our networks have been, and likely will continue to be, subject to DDoS attacks. Recent attacks have demonstrated that DDoS attacks continue to grow in size and sophistication and have an ability to widely disrupt internet services. Particularly since 2016, the size of DDoS attacks has grown rapidly, and we have successfully mitigated DDoS attacks during this time frame that are significantly larger than those we have historically experienced. While we have adopted mitigation techniques, procedures and strategies to defend against such attacks, there can be no assurance that we will be able to defend against every attack, especially as the attacks increase in size and sophistication. Any attack, even if only partially successful, could disrupt our networks, increase response time, negatively impact our ability to meet our contracted service level obligations, and generally hamper our ability to provide reliable service to our Registry Services customers and the broader internet community. We have historically incurred, and will continue to incur, significant costs to enable our infrastructure to process levels of attack traffic that are significant multiples of our normal transaction volume. Further, we ~~sell~~are in the process of transitioning our Security Services customer contracts to Neustar. During this migration period, we will continue to operate DDoS protection services for customers that have yet to our Security Services customers. Although we increase our knowledge of and develop new techniques in the identification and mitigation of attacks through the protection of our Security Services customers, thetransition. These DDoS protection services share some of the infrastructure used in our Registry Services business. Therefore the ~~provision~~operation of such services might expose our critical Registry Services infrastructure to temporary degradations or outages caused by DDoS attacks against those customers, in addition to any attacks directed specifically against us and our networks.

Changes to the multi-stakeholder model of internet governance could materially and adversely impact our business.

The internet is governed under a multi-stakeholder model comprising civil society, the private sector, including for-profit and not-for-profit organizations such as ICANN, governments, including the U.S. government, academia, non-governmental organizations and international organizations.

Role of the U.S. Government. In the fourth quarter of 2016, the ~~United States~~U.S. government completed a transition to the multi-stakeholder community of the historical role played by ~~NTIA~~the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (“NTIA”) in the coordination of the DNS. Changes arising from this transition to the multi-stakeholder model of internet governance could materially and adversely impact our business. For example, ICANN has adopted bylaws that are designed, in part, to enhance accountability through a new organization called the Empowered Community, which is comprised of a cross section of stakeholders. ICANN or the Empowered Community may assert positions that could negatively impact our strategy or our business.

Furthermore, as part of the transition, the NTIA discharged us from our obligations under the Cooperative Agreement to perform the Root Zone functions and we entered into a new agreement with ICANN, the Root Zone Maintainer Service Agreement (“RZMA”) under which we now perform the Root Zone Maintainer functions on behalf of ICANN. As we perform the Root Zone Maintainer functions under the RZMA, we may be subject to claims challenging the agreement or our performance under the agreement, and we may not have immunity from, or sufficient indemnification for, such claims.

By completing the transition discussed above, the U.S. ~~Government~~government through the NTIA has ended its coordination and management of important aspects of the DNS including the IANA functions and the root zone. There can be no assurance that the removal of the U.S. ~~Government~~government oversight of these key functions will not negatively impact our business.

Role of ICANN. ICANN plays a central coordination role in the multi-stakeholder system. ICANN is mandated through its bylaws to uphold a private sector-led multi-stakeholder approach to internet governance for the public benefit. If ICANN or the Empowered Community fails to uphold or significantly redefines the multi-stakeholder model, it could harm our business. Additionally, the Empowered Community could adversely impact ICANN, which could negatively impact its ability to coordinate the multi-stakeholder system of governance, or negatively affect our interests. Also, legal, regulatory or other challenges could be brought challenging the legal authority underlying the roles and actions of ICANN, the Empowered Community or us.

Role of ~~foreign governments~~Foreign Governments. Some governments and members of the multi-stakeholder community have questioned ICANN’s role with respect to internet governance and, as a result, could seek a multilateral oversight body as a replacement. Additionally, the role of ICANN’s Governmental Advisory Committee, which is comprised of representatives of national governments, could change, ~~giving~~and give governments more control of certain aspects of internet governance. Some governments and governmental authorities outside the U.S. have in the past disagreed, and may in the future disagree, with the actions, policies or programs of ICANN, the U.S. ~~Government~~government and us relating to the DNS. Changes to the roles that foreign governments play in internet governance could materially and adversely impact our business.

We ~~operate~~face risks from our operation of two root zone servers and ~~are contracted to perform~~performance of the Root Zone Maintainer ~~functions. Under ICANN’s New gTLD Program, we face increased risk from these operations.~~functions under the RZMA.

We operate two of the 13 root zone servers. Root zone servers are name servers that contain authoritative data for the very top of the DNS hierarchy. These servers have the software and DNS configuration data necessary to locate name servers that contain authoritative data for the TLDs. These root zone servers are critical to the functioning of the internet. ~~Under the RZMA, we play~~We also have an important operational role in support of a key IANA function as the Root Zone Maintainer. In this role, we provision and publish the authoritative root zone data and make it available to all root server ~~operators.~~

~~Under its New gTLD Program,~~operators under an agreement with ICANN, ~~has directed delegations into the root zone of a large number of new gTLDs. In view of our role as~~ the Root Zone Maintainer Service Agreement (“RZMA”).

As we perform the Root Zone Maintainer Services under the RZMA, we may be subject to significant claims challenging the agreement or our performance under the agreement, and ~~as a root server operator,~~ we face increased risks should ICANN’s delegation of these new gTLDs, which represent unprecedented changes to the root zone in volume and frequency, cause security and stability problems within the DNS and/may not have immunity from, or sufficient indemnification or insurance for, parties who rely on the DNS. Such risks include potential instability of the DNS including potential fragmentation of the DNS should ICANN’s delegations create sufficient instability, and potential claims based on our role in the root zone provisioning and delegation process. These risks, alone or in the aggregate, have the potential to cause serious harm to our Registry Services business. Further, our business could also be harmed through security, stability and resiliency degradation if the delegation of new gTLDs into the root zone causes problems to certain components of the DNS ecosystem or other aspects of the global DNS, or other relying parties are negatively impacted as a result of domain name collisions or other new gTLD security issues, such ~~as exposure or other leakage of private or sensitive information.~~claims.

~~Additionally,~~For example, DNSSEC enabled in the root zone and at other levels of the DNS requires new preventative maintenance, including root ~~KSK~~key signing key (“KSK”) rollover, necessitating functions and complex operational practices that did not exist prior to the introduction of DNSSEC. Any failure by us, ICANN, external DNS vendors and service providers, or other relying parties to comply with stated practices, such as those outlined in relevant DNSSEC Practice Statements and internet standards, introduces risk to DNSSEC relying parties and other internet users and consumers of the DNS, which could have a material adverse impact on our business. In particular, because root KSK rollover involves updates ~~both~~ to ~~certain keys~~the KSK public key (the “Trust Anchor”) and private key pair managed by ICANN’s Public Technical Identifiers (PTI) operation; to the root zone DNSSEC records published by us in our role as Root Zone ~~Maintainer~~Maintainer; and to corresponding ~~keys~~Trust Anchor configurations maintained by external DNS vendors and service providers’ ~~DNSSEC~~DNSSEC-aware implementations, if such external parties are not adequately prepared for and/or do not appropriately effectuate root key updates, any root KSK rollover, including the initial rollover ~~currently planned by ICANN,~~that occurred on October 11, 2018 at ICANN’s direction, may introduce substantial risk to relying parties. Even where we have correctly implemented our key updates, we could face potential legal claims and reputational harm if the failures described occur.

Additionally, over 1,200 new gTLDs have already been delegated into the root zone in the current round of new gTLDs. ICANN plans on offering a subsequent round of new gTLDs, the timing of which remains uncertain. We believe there are potential security and stability issues that could involve the root zone and at other levels of the DNS from the deployment of the new gTLDs that should have been addressed before any new gTLDs were delegated, and despite our and others’ efforts, some of these issues have not been addressed by ICANN sufficiently, if at all. For example, domain name collisions have been reported to ICANN, which have resulted in various network interruptions for enterprises as well as confusion and usability issues that have led to phishing and other cyber-attacks. It is anticipated that as additional new gTLDs are delegated now, or in subsequent rounds, more domain name collisions and associated security issues will occur.

The evolution of internet practices and behaviors and the adoption of substitute technologies may impact the demand for domain names.

Domain names and the domain name system have been used by consumers and businesses to access or disseminate information, conduct e-commerce, and develop an online identity for many years. The growth of technologies such as social media, mobile devices, apps and the dominance of search engines has evolved and changed the internet practices and behaviors of consumers and businesses alike. These changes can impact the demand for domain names by those who purchase domain names for personal, commercial and investment reasons. Factors such as the evolving practices and preferences of internet users and how they navigate the internet as well as the motivation of domain name registrants and how they will monetize their investment in domain names can negatively impact our business. Some domain name registrars and registrants seek to purchase and resell domain names ~~following~~at an ~~increase in their value.~~increased price. Adverse changes in the resale value of domain names, changes in the business models for such domain name registrars and registrants, or other factors, including regulations limiting the resale of domain names, could result in a decrease in the demand and/or renewal rates for domain names in our ~~TLDs obtained for resale.~~TLDs. Such a resulting decrease in demand and/or renewal rates could negatively impact the volume of new domain name registrations, our renewal rates and our associated revenue growth.

Some domain name registrants use a domain name to access or disseminate information, conduct e-commerce, and develop an online identity. Currently, internet users often navigate to a website either by directly typing its domain name into a web browser, the use of an app on their smart phone or mobile device, the use of a voice recognition technology such as Alexa, Cortana, Google Assistant, or Siri, or through the use of a search engine. If (i) web browser or internet search technologies were to change significantly; (ii) internet users’ preferences or practices shift away from recognizing and relying on web addresses for navigation through the use of new and existing technologies; (iii) internet users were to significantly decrease the use of web browsers in favor of applications to locate and access content; (iv) internet users were to significantly decrease the use of domain names to develop and protect their online identity; or ~~(iv)~~(v) internet users were to increasingly use ~~third level~~third-level domains or alternate identifiers, such as social networking and microblogging sites, in each case the demand for domain names in our TLDs could decrease. This may trigger current or prospective customers and parties in our target markets to reevaluate their need for registration or renewal of domain names.

Some domain name registrars and registrants seek to generate ~~revenue~~revenues through advertising on their websites; changes in the way these registrars and registrants are compensated (including changes in methodologies and metrics) by advertisers and advertisement placement networks, such as Google, Yahoo!, Baidu and Bing, have adversely affected and may continue to adversely affect the market for those domain names favored by such registrars and registrants which has resulted in, and may continue to result in, a decrease in demand and/or the renewal rate for those domain names. For example, according to published reports, Google has in the past changed (and may change in the future) its search algorithm, which may decrease site traffic to certain websites and provide less pay-per-click compensation for certain types of websites. This has reportedly made such websites less profitable which has

resulted in, and may continue to result in, fewer domain registrations and renewals. In addition, as a result of the general economic environment, spending on online advertising and marketing may not increase or may be reduced, which in turn, may result in a further decline in the demand for those domain names.

If any of the above factors negatively impact the renewal of domain names or the demand for new domain names, we may experience material adverse impacts on our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

Many of our markets are evolving, and if these markets fail to develop or if our products and services are not widely accepted in these markets, our business or our prospects could be harmed.

We seek to serve many new, developing and emerging markets in foreign countries to grow our business. These markets are rapidly evolving, and may not grow. Even if these markets grow, our services may not be widely used or accepted. Accordingly, the demand for our services in these markets is very uncertain. The factors that may affect market acceptance or adoption of our services in these markets include the following:

regional internet infrastructure development, expansion, penetration and adoption;

market acceptance and adoption of substitute products and services ~~based upon technologies other than those we use, which are substitutes for our products~~that enable online presence without a domain, including social media, e-commerce platforms, website builders and ~~services;~~mobile applications;

public perception of the security of our technologies and of IP and other networks;

the introduction and consumer acceptance of new generations of mobile devices, and in particular, the use of ~~alternative internet navigation mechanisms other than web browsers with those new generations of~~ mobile ~~devices;~~applications as the primary engagement mechanism for navigating the internet;

increasing cyber ~~threats and the associated customer need and demand for our Security Services offerings;~~threats;

government regulations affecting internet access and availability, domain name registrations or the provision of registry services, data security or data localization, or e-commerce and telecommunications over the internet;

the maturity and depth of the sales channels within developing and emerging markets and their ability and motivation to establish and support sales for domain names;

preference by markets for the use of their own country’s ccTLDs as a substitute or alternative to our TLDs; and

increased acceptance and use of new gTLDs as substitutes for established gTLDs.

If the market for e-commerce and communications over IP and other networks does not grow or these services are not widely accepted in the market, our business could be materially harmed.

~~We may face operational and other risks from the introduction of new gTLDs by ICANN and our provision of back-end registry services.~~

Over 1,200 new gTLDs have already been delegated in the current round of new gTLDs. ICANN plans on offering a subsequent round of new gTLDs after the completion of the current round, the timing of which remains uncertain. As set forth in the Verisign Labs Technical Report #1130007 version 2.2: New gTLD Security and Stability Considerations released on March 28, 2013, and expanded upon in our more recent publications, we continue to believe there are issues regarding the deployment of the new gTLDs that should have been addressed before any new gTLDs were delegated, and despite our and others’ efforts, some of these issues have not been addressed by ICANN sufficiently, if at all. For example, domain name collisions have been reported to ICANN, which have resulted in various network interruptions for enterprises as well as confusion and usability issues that have led to phishing attacks. It is anticipated that as additional new gTLDs are delegated more domain name collisions and associated security issues will occur.

We have entered into agreements to provide back-end registry services to other registry operators and applicants for new gTLDs. We may face risks regarding ICANN requirements for mitigating name collisions in the new gTLDs which we operate or for which we provide back-end registry services. For example, the possibility exists that “controlled interruption” periods may disrupt network services or that privacy or secure communications may be impacted as a result of insufficient preparedness by ICANN and the community for the launch of new gTLDs.

Our agreements with ICANN to provide registry services in connection with our new gTLDs, including our IDN gTLDs, and our agreements to provide back-end registry services directly to other registry operators and indirectly through reseller relationships expose us to operational and other risks. For example, the increase in the number of gTLDs for which we provide registry services on a standalone basis or as a back-end service provider could further increase costs or increase the frequency or scope of targeted attacks from nefarious actors.

The business environment is highly competitive and, if we do not compete effectively, we may suffer lower demand for our products, ~~price reductions,~~ reduced gross margins and loss of market share.

The internet and communications network services industries are characterized by rapid technological change and frequent new product and service announcements which require us to continually to improve the performance, features and reliability of our services, particularly in response to competitive offerings or alternatives to our products and services. In order to remain competitive and retain our market position, we must continually improve our access to technology and software, support the latest transmission technologies, and adapt our products and services to changing market conditions and our customers’ and internet users’ preferences and practices, or potentially launch entirely new products and services such as new gTLDs in anticipation of, or in response to, market trends. We cannot assure that competing technologies developed by others or the emergence of new industry standards will not adversely affect our competitive position or render our services or technologies noncompetitive or obsolete. In addition, our markets are characterized by announcements of collaborative relationships involving our competitors. The existence or announcement of any such relationships could adversely affect our ability to attract and retain customers. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, we may not be able to compete effectively with current or future competitors, and competitive pressures that we face could materially harm our business.

We face competition in the domain name registry space from other gTLD and ccTLD registries that are competing for the business of entities and individuals that are seeking to obtain a domain name registration and/or establish a web presence. We have been designated as the registry operator for certain new gTLDs including certain IDN gTLDs; however, there is no guarantee that such new gTLDs will be as or more successful than the new gTLDs obtained by our competitors. For example, some of the new gTLDs, including our new gTLDs, may face additional universal acceptance and usability challenges in that current desktop and mobile device software does not ubiquitously recognize these new gTLDs and developers of desktop and mobile device software may be slow to adopt standards or support these gTLDs, even if demand for such products is strong. This is particularly true for IDN gTLDs, but applies to conventional gTLDs as well. As a result of these challenges, it is possible that resolution of domain names within some of these new gTLDs may be blocked within certain state or organizational environments, challenging universal resolvability of these strings and their general acceptance and usability on the internet.

See the “Competition” section in Part I, Item 1 of ~~the Company’s~~our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016, which was filed on February 17, 2017,~~2018 for further information.

We must establish and maintain strong relationships with registrars and their resellers to maintain their focus on marketing our products and services otherwise our Registry ~~Service~~Services business could be harmed.

All of our domain name registrations occur through registrars. Registrars and their resellers utilize substantial marketing efforts to increase the demand and/or renewal rates for domain names as well as their own associated offerings. Consolidation in the registrar or reseller industry or changes in ownership, management, or strategy among individual registrars or resellers could result in significant changes to their business, operating model and cost structure. Such changes could include reduced marketing efforts or other operational changes that could adversely impact the demand and/or the renewal rates for domain names.

With the introduction of new gTLDs, many of our registrars have chosen to, and may continue to choose to, focus their short or long-term marketing efforts on these new offerings and/or reduce the prominence or visibility of our products and services on their e-commerce platforms. Our registrars and resellers sell domain name registrations of other competing registries, including ~~the~~other new gTLDs, and some also sell and support their own services for websites such as email, website hosting, as well as other services. Therefore, our registrars and resellers may be more motivated to sell to registrants to whom

they can also market their own services. To the extent that registrars and their resellers focus more on selling and supporting their services and less on the registration and renewal of domain names in our TLDs, our revenues could be adversely impacted. Our ability to successfully market our services to, and build and maintain strong relationships with, new and existing registrars or resellers is a factor upon which successful operation of our business is dependent. If we are unable to keep a significant portion of their marketing efforts focused on selling registrations of domain names in our TLDs as opposed to other competing TLDs, including the new gTLDs, or their own services, our business could be harmed.

If we encounter system interruptions or failures, we could be exposed to liability and our reputation and business could suffer.

We depend on the uninterrupted operation of our various systems, secure data centers and other computer and communication networks. Our systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from:

power loss, transmission cable cuts and other telecommunications failures;

damage or interruption caused by fire, earthquake, and other natural disasters;

attacks, including hacktivism, by miscreants or other nefarious actors;

computer viruses, software defects, or ~~software defects;~~hardware defects, both in our systems and those of our service providers and suppliers;

physical or electronic break-ins, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism, terrorist attacks, unintentional mistakes or errors, and other events beyond our control;

risks inherent in or arising from the terms and conditions of our agreements with service providers to operate our networks and data centers;

interconnection and internet routing system vulnerabilities;

state suppression of internet operations; and

any failure to implement effective and timely remedial actions in response to any vulnerability, damage or interruption.

Most of the computing infrastructure for our Shared Registration System is located at, and most of our customer information is stored in, our facilities in New Castle, Delaware; Dulles, Virginia; and Fribourg, Switzerland. In 2019, we began transitioning some of our data center operations to a leased data center facility in Ashburn, Virginia. To the extent we are unable to partially or completely switch over to our primary alternate or tertiary sites, any damage or failure that causes interruptions in any of these facilities or our other computer and communications systems could materially harm our business. Although we carry insurance for property damage, we do not carry insurance or financial reserves for such ~~interruptions, or for potential losses arising from terrorism.~~interruptions.

In addition, our Registry Services business and certain of our other services depend on the secure and efficient operation of the internet connections to and from customers to our Shared Registration System residing in our secure data centers. These connections depend upon the secure and efficient operation of internet service providers, internet exchange point operators, and internet backbone service providers. Such providers ~~some or all of which~~ have had periodic operational problems or experienced outages in the past beyond our scope of ~~control.~~control and may continue to encounter problems and outages. In addition, if ~~these service~~the providers that our connections depend upon do not protect, maintain, improve, and reinvest in their networks or present inconsistent data regarding the DNS through their networks, our business could be harmed.

A failure in the operation or update of the root zone servers, the root zone file, the Root Zone Management System, the TLD name servers, or the TLD zone files that we operate, including, for example, our operation of the .gov registry, or other network functions, could result in a DNS resolution or other service outage or degradation; the deletion of one or more TLDs from the internet; the deletion of one or more second-level domain names from the internet for a period of time; or a misdirection of a domain name to a different server. A failure in the operation or update of the supporting cryptographic and other operational infrastructure that we maintain could result in similar consequences. A failure in the operation of our Shared Registration System could result in the inability of one or more registrars to register or maintain domain names for a period of time. In the event that a registrar has not implemented back-up services in conformance with industry best practices, the failure could result in permanent loss of transactions at the registrar during that period. Any of these problems or outages could create potential liability and exposure, including ~~liability arising~~ from a failure to meet our service level agreements in our Registry Agreements, and could decrease customer satisfaction, harming our business or resulting in adverse publicity and damage to our reputation that could adversely affect the market’s perception of the security of e-commerce and communications over the internet as well as of the reliability of our services or call into question our ability to preserve the security and stability of the internet.

Our operating results may be adversely affected as a result of unfavorable market, economic, social and political conditions.

An unfavorable global market, economic, social and political environment has impacted or may negatively impact, among other things:

our customers’ or end-users’ continued growth and development of their businesses, ~~and our customers’~~or their ability to maintain their businesses and continue as going concerns, ~~or maintain their businesses,~~ which could affect demand for our products and services;

current and future demand for our services, including ~~decreases~~ as a result of reduced spending on information technology and communications by our customers;

price competition for our products and services;

the price of our common stock;

our liquidity and our associated ability to execute on any share repurchase plans; and

our ability to service our debt, to obtain financing or assume new debt obligations.

In addition, to the extent that the market, economic, social and political environment impacts specific industry and geographic sectors in which many end-users of our ~~customers~~products and services are concentrated, that may have a disproportionate negative impact on our business.

Our international operations subject our business to additional economic, legal and political risks that could have an adverse impact on our revenues and business.

A significant portion of our revenues is derived from customers outside the U.S. ~~Doing~~Our business operations in international markets has required, and will continue to require, significant management attention and resources. We may also need to tailor some of our services for a particular market and to enter into international distribution and operating relationships. We may fail to maintain our ability to conduct business, including potentially material business operations in some international locations, or we may not succeed in expanding our services into new international markets or expand our presence in existing markets. Failure to do so could materially harm our business. Moreover, local laws and customs in many countries differ significantly from those in the U.S. In many foreign countries, particularly in those with developing economies, it is common for others to engage in business practices that are prohibited by our internal policies and procedures or U.S. law or regulations applicable to us. There can be no assurance that our employees, contractors and agents will not take actions in violation of such policies, procedures, laws and/or regulations. Violations of laws, regulations or internal policies and procedures by our employees, contractors or agents could result in financial reporting problems, investigations, fines, penalties, or prohibition on the importation or exportation of our products and services and could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, we face risks inherent in doing business ~~on an international basis,~~internationally, including, among others:

competition with foreign companies or other domestic companies entering the foreign markets in which we operate, as well as foreign governments actively promoting their ccTLDs, which we do not operate;

legal uncertainty regarding liability, enforcing our contracts, and compliance with foreign laws;

economic tensions between governments and changes in international trade policies;

tariffs and other trade barriers and restrictions;

difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;

currency exchange rate fluctuations;

potential problems associated with adapting our services to technical conditions existing in different countries;

difficulty of verifying customer information, including complying with the customer verification requirements of certain countries;

more stringent privacy and data localization policies in some foreign countries;

additional vulnerability from terrorist groups targeting U.S. interests abroad;

potentially conflicting or adverse tax consequences;

reliance on third parties in foreign markets in which we only recently started doing business; and

potential concerns of international customers and prospects regarding doing business with U.S. technology companies due to alleged U.S. government data collection policies.

We rely on our intellectual property rights to protect our proprietary assets, and any failure by us to protect or enforce, or any misappropriation of, our intellectual property could harm our business.

Our success depends in part on our ~~internally developed~~internally-developed technologies and related intellectual property. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for an external party to copy or otherwise obtain and use our intellectual property without authorization. Furthermore, the laws of foreign countries may not protect our proprietary rights in those countries to the same extent U.S. law protects these rights in the U.S. In addition, it is possible that others may independently develop substantially equivalent intellectual property. If we do not effectively protect our intellectual property, our business could suffer. Additionally, we have filed patent applications with respect to some of our technology in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and patent offices outside the U.S. Patents may not be awarded with respect to these applications and even if such patents are awarded, third parties may seek to oppose or otherwise challenge our patents, and such patents’ scope may differ significantly from what was requested in the patent applications and may not provide us with sufficient protection of our intellectual property. In the future, we may have to resort to litigation to enforce and protect our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. This type of litigation is inherently unpredictable and, regardless of its outcome, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management attention and technical resources. Some of the software and protocols used in our business are based on standards set by standards setting organizations such as the ~~Internet Engineering Task Force.~~IETF. To the extent any of our patents are considered “standards essential patents,” in some cases we may be required to license such patents to our competitors on reasonable and non-discriminatory ~~terms.~~terms or otherwise be limited in our ability to assert such patents.

We also license ~~externally developed~~externally-developed technology that is used in some of our products and services to perform key functions. These ~~externally developed~~externally-developed technology licenses may not continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all. The loss of, or our inability to obtain or maintain, any of these technology licenses could hinder or increase the cost of our launching new products and services, entering into new markets and/or otherwise harm our business. Some of the software and protocols used in our Registry Services business are in the public domain or may otherwise become publicly available, which means that such software and protocols are equally available to our competitors.

We rely on the strength of our Verisign brand to help differentiate ~~ourselves~~Verisign in the marketing of our products. Dilution of the strength of our brand could harm our business. We are at risk that we will be unable to fully register, build equity in, or enforce the Verisign logo in all markets where Verisign products and services are sold. In addition, in the U.S. and most other countries, word marks solely for TLDs have currently not been successfully registered as trademarks. Accordingly, we may not be able to fully realize or maintain the value of these intellectual property assets.

We could become subject to claims of infringement of intellectual property of others, which could be costly to defend and could harm our business.

We cannot be certain that we do not and will not infringe the intellectual property rights of others. Claims relating to infringement of intellectual property of others or other similar claims have been made against us in the past and could be made against us in the future. It is possible that we could become subject to additional claims for infringement of the intellectual property of other parties. The international use of our logo could present additional potential risks for external party claims of infringement. Any claims, with or without merit, could be ~~time consuming,~~time-consuming, result in costly litigation and diversion of technical and management personnel attention, cause delays in our business activities generally, or require us to develop a non-infringing logo or technology or enter into royalty or licensing agreements. Royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. If a successful claim of infringement were made against us, we could be required to pay damages or have portions of our business enjoined. If we could not identify and adopt an alternative non-infringing logo, develop non-infringing technology or license the infringed or similar technology on a timely and cost-effective basis, our business could be harmed.

An external party could claim that the technology we license from other parties infringes a patent or other proprietary right. Litigation between the licensor and a third party or between us and a third party could lead to royalty obligations for which we are not indemnified or for which indemnification is insufficient, or we may not be able to obtain any additional license on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

In addition, legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability, and scope of protection of intellectual property rights in internet-related businesses, including patents related to software and business methods, are uncertain and evolving. Because of the growth of the internet and internet-related businesses, patent applications are continuously being filed in connection with internet-related technology. There are a significant number of U.S. and foreign patents and patent applications in our areas of interest, and we believe that there has been, and is likely to continue to be, significant litigation in the industry regarding patent and other intellectual property rights.

We could become involved in claims, lawsuits, audits or investigations that may result in adverse outcomes.

In addition to possible intellectual property litigation and infringement claims, we are, and may in the future, become involved in other claims, lawsuits, audits and ~~investigations, including with respect to the RZMA. Such~~investigations. Litigation is inherently unpredictable, and unexpected judgments or excessive verdicts do occur. In addition, such proceedings may initially be viewed as immaterial but could prove to be material. ~~Litigation is inherently unpredictable, and excessive verdicts do occur.~~

Adverse outcomes in lawsuits, audits and investigations could result in significant monetary damages, including indemnification payments, or injunctive relief that could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business, such as our ability to operate the .web gTLD, and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Given the inherent uncertainties in litigation, even when we are able to reasonably estimate the amount of possible loss or range of loss and therefore record an aggregate litigation accrual for probable and reasonably estimable loss contingencies, the accrual may change in the future due to new developments or changes in approach. In addition, such claims, lawsuits, audits and investigations could involve significant expense and diversion of management’s attention and resources from other matters.

We continue to explore new strategic initiatives, the pursuit of any of which may pose significant risks and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We explore possible strategic initiatives which may include, among other things, the investment in, and the pursuit of, new revenue streams, services or products, changes to our offerings, initiatives to leverage our patent portfolio, ~~our Security Services business,~~ back-end registry services and IDN gTLDs. In addition, we have evaluated and are pursuing and will continue to evaluate and pursue acquisitions of TLDs that are currently in operation and those that have not yet been awarded or delegated as long as they support our growth strategy.

Any such strategic initiative may involve a number of risks, including: the diversion of our management’s attention from our existing business to develop the initiative, related operations and any requisite ~~personnel;~~personnel, including, for example, our management’s involvement in the transition of Security Services customers to Neustar; possible regulatory scrutiny or third-party claims; possible material adverse effects on our results of operations during and after the development process; our possible inability to achieve the intended objectives of the initiative; as well as damage to our reputation if we are unsuccessful in pursuing a strategic initiative. Such initiatives may result in a reduction of cash or increased costs. We may not be able to successfully or profitably develop, integrate, operate, maintain and manage any such initiative and the related operations or employees in a timely manner or at all. Furthermore, under our agreements with ICANN, we are subject to certain restrictions in

the operation of .com, .net,.name and other TLDs, including required ICANN approval of new registry services for such TLDs. If any new initiative requires ICANN review or ICANN determines that such a review is required, we cannot predict whether this process will prevent us from implementing the initiative in a timely manner or at all. Any strategic initiative to leverage our patent portfolio will likely increase litigation risks from potential licensees and we may have to resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights.

We depend on key employees to manage our business effectively, and we may face difficulty attracting and retaining qualified leaders.

We operate in a unique, competitive and highly regulated environment, and we depend on the knowledge, experience, and performance of our senior management team and other key employees in this regard and otherwise. We periodically experience changes in our management team. If we are unable to attract, integrate, retain and motivate these key individuals ~~and additional~~as well as other highly skilled ~~technical, sales and marketing, and other experienced~~ employees, and implement succession plans for these personnel, our business may suffer. For example, our service products are highly technical and require individuals skilled and knowledgeable in unique platforms, operating systems and software ~~implementation.~~development tools.

Changes in, or interpretations of, tax rules and regulations or our tax positions may adversely affect our ~~effective tax rates.~~income taxes.

We are subject to income taxes in both the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Our effective tax rates may fluctuate significantly on a quarterly basis because of a variety of factors, including changes in the mix of earnings and losses in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in our business or structure, changes in tax laws that could adversely impact our income or non-income taxes or the expiration of or disputes about certain tax agreements in a particular country. We are subject to audit by various tax authorities. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we recognize income tax benefits, net of required valuation allowances and accrual for uncertain tax positions. For example, we claimed a worthless stock deduction on our 2013 federal income tax return and recorded a net income tax benefit of $380.1 million. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different than that which is reflected in historical income tax provisions and accruals. Should additional taxes be assessed as a result of an audit or litigation, an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows in the period or periods for which that determination is made could result.

~~A significant portion~~The Tax Act significantly revamped U.S. taxation of ~~our~~corporations, including a reduction of the federal income tax rate from 35% to 21%, and a new tax regime for foreign earnings. However, the new U.S. taxes on accumulated and future foreign earnings, ~~for~~limited remaining carried forward net operating losses and tax credits to reduce taxable income, other adverse changes resulting from the ~~current fiscal year was earned~~Tax Act, or a change in ~~low tax jurisdictions. Our effective~~the mix of domestic and foreign earnings, might offset the benefit from the reduced tax rate, ~~could fluctuate~~and our future cash taxes may increase, even significantly, ~~on a quarterly basis~~compared to recent or historical trends, which could

adversely impact our financial condition and ~~could be adversely affected to~~cash flows. Many of the ~~extent earnings~~provisions of the Tax Act are ~~lower than anticipated in countries where we have lower statutory rates~~highly complex and ~~higher than anticipated in countries where we have higher statutory rates.~~

~~Various legislative changes that would reform U.S. corporate tax laws have been or~~ may be ~~proposed~~subject to further interpretive guidance from the Internal Revenue Service or others. Some of the provisions of the Tax Act may be changed by a future Congress or challenged by the Trump administration as well as members of Congress, including proposals that would significantly impact how U.S. multinational corporations are taxed on foreign earnings and potentially limit the deductibility of interest payments. We are unableWorld Trade Organization (“WTO”) or be subject to ~~predict whether these~~trade or tax retaliation by other ~~proposals will be implemented.~~countries. Although we cannot predict ~~whether~~the nature or ~~in what form any proposed legislation may pass, if enacted,~~outcome of such ~~legislation could have~~future interpretive guidance, or actions by a ~~material adverse impact on our tax expense or cash flow.~~

Our foreign earnings, which are indefinitely reinvested offshore, constitute a majority of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, and there is a high cost associated with a change in our indefinite reinvestment assertion or a repatriation of those funds to the U.S.

A majority of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are held by our foreign subsidiaries. Our foreign earnings are indefinitely reinvested offshore and are not available to be used in the U.S. for working capital needs, debt obligations, acquisitions, share repurchases, dividendsfuture Congress, WTO or other general corporate purposes. In the event that funds from our foreign operations are needed in the U.S. for any purpose, we would be required to accrue and pay additional U.S. taxes in order to repatriate those funds, which could be significant. Further, if we are unable to indefinitely reinvest our foreign earnings our effective tax rate would increase. Thesecountries, they could adversely impact our ~~business valuation~~financial condition, results of operations and ~~stock price.~~cash flows.

Our marketable securities portfolio could experience a decline in market value, which could materially and adversely affect our financial results.

As of September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, we had ~~$2.4~~$1.24 billion in cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and restricted cash, of which ~~$2.1~~$1.12 billion was invested in marketable securities. The cash equivalents and marketable securities consist primarily of debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury meeting the criteria of our investment policy, which is focused on the preservation of our capital through the investment in investment grade securities. We currently do not use derivative financial instruments to adjust our investment portfolio risk or income profile.

Treasury. These investments, as well as any cash deposited in bank accounts, are subject to general credit, liquidity, market and interest rate risks, which may be exacerbated by financial market credit and liquidity events. If the global credit or liquidity market deteriorates or other events negatively impact the market for U.S. Treasury securities, our investment portfolio may be impacted and we could determine that some of our investments have experienced an other-than-temporary decline in fair value, requiring an impairment charge which could adversely impact our results of operations and cash flows.

We are subject to the risks of owning real property.

We own the land and building in Reston, Virginia, which constitutes our headquarters facility. Ownership of this property, as well as our data centers in Dulles, Virginia and New Castle, Delaware, may subject us to risks, including:

adverse changes in the value of the properties, due to interest rate changes, changes in the commercial property markets, easements or other encumbrances, a government exercising its right of eminent domain, or other factors;

ongoing maintenance expenses and costs of ~~improvements;~~improvements or repairs;

the possible need for structural improvements in order to comply with environmental, health and safety, zoning, seismic, disability law, or other requirements;

the possibility of environmental contamination or notices of violation from federal or state environmental agencies; and

possible disputes with neighboring owners, tenants, service providers or others.

We have anti-takeover protections that may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control that could benefit our stockholders.

Our amended and restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws contain provisions that could make it more difficult for an outside party to acquire us without the consent of our Board of Directors (“Board”). These provisions include:

our stockholders may take action only at a duly called meeting and not by written consent;

special meetings of our stockholders may be called only by the chairman of the board of directors, the president, our Board, or the secretary (acting as a representative of the stockholders) whenever a stockholder or group of stockholders owning at least ~~thirty-five percent (35%)~~25% in the aggregate of the capital stock issued, outstanding and entitled to vote, and who held that amount in a net long position continuously for at least one year, so request in writing;

vacancies and newly created directorships on our Board can be filled until the next annual meeting of stockholders by a majority of directors then in office; and

our Board has the ability to designate the terms of and issue new series of preferred stock without stockholder approval.

In addition, Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder, which generally means a person ~~which~~who, together with its affiliates owns, or within the last three years has owned, 15% or more of our voting stock, for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless in the same transaction the interested stockholder acquired 85% ownership of our voting stock (excluding certain shares) or the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. Section 203 therefore may impact the ability of an acquirer to complete an acquisition of us after a successful tender offer and accordingly could discourage, delay or prevent an acquirer from making an unsolicited offer without the approval of our Board.

~~We have a considerable number of common shares subject to future issuance.~~

As of September 30, 2017, we had one billion authorized common shares, of which 98.9 million shares were outstanding. In addition, of our authorized common shares, 14.0 million common shares were reserved for issuance pursuant to outstanding equity and employee stock purchase plans (“Equity Plans”), and 36.4 million shares were reserved for issuance upon conversion of our 3.25% Junior Subordinated Convertible Debentures due 2037 (“Subordinated Convertible Debentures”). As a result, we keep substantial amounts of our common stock available for issuance upon exercise or settlement of equity awards outstanding under our Equity Plans and/or the conversion of Subordinated Convertible Debentures into our common stock. Issuance of all or a large portion of such shares would be dilutive to existing security holders, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities.

Our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected if we do not effectively manage our indebtedness.

We have a significant amount of outstanding debt, and we periodically reassess our capital structure and may incur additional indebtedness in the future. ~~See Note 7, “Debt and Interest Expense,” of our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.~~ Our substantial indebtedness, including any future indebtedness, requires us to dedicate a significant portion of our cash flow from operations or to arrange alternative liquidity sources to make principal and interest payments,

when due, or to repurchase or settle our debt, if triggered, by certain corporate events, or certain events of ~~default, or conversion.~~default. It could also limit our flexibility in planning for or reacting to changes in our business and our industry, or make required capital expenditures and investments in our business; make it difficult or more expensive to refinance our debt or obtain new debt; trigger an event of default; and increase our vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic and industry conditions. Some of our debt contains covenants which may limit our operating flexibility, including restrictions on share repurchases, dividends, prepayment or repurchase of debt, acquisitions, disposing of assets, if we do not continue to meet certain financial ratios. Any rating assigned to our debt securities could be lowered or withdrawn by a rating agency, which could make it more difficult or more expensive for us to obtain additional debt financing in the future. The settlement amount, contingent interest, and potential recapture of income tax deductions related to our Subordinated Convertible Debentures can be substantial, and can increase significantly based on changes in our stock price. The occurrence of any of the foregoing factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flows, results of operations and financial condition.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table presents the share repurchase activity during the three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019:

Total Number
of Shares
Purchased

Average
Price Paid
per Share

Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Plans or
Programs (1)

Approximate
Dollar Value of
Shares That May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans or
Programs (1)
(Shares in thousands)
July 1 – 31, 2017 414
$ 96.56
414
$ 729.5 million
August 1 - 31, 2017 543
$ 99.77
543
$ 675.4 million
September 1 - 30, 2017 509
$ 103.89
509
$ 622.5 million
1,466
1,466



	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
	(Shares in thousands)
July 1 - 31, 2019	279	$	215.44	279	$	656.0	million
August 1 - 31, 2019	291	$	206.61	291	$	595.8	million
September 1 - 30, 2019	380	$	193.93	380	$	522.1	million
	950			950

(1) Effective February ~~9, 2017,~~7, 2019, our Board authorized the repurchase of ~~approximately $640.9 million of~~ our common stock in the amount of approximately $602.9 million, in addition to the ~~$359.1~~$397.1 million ~~of our common stock~~ remaining available for repurchase under ~~the previous~~our share repurchase program, for a total repurchase authorization of up to $1.0 billion ~~of our common stock.~~under the share repurchase program. The share repurchase program has no expiration date. Purchases made under the program ~~can~~could be effected through open market transactions, block purchases, accelerated share repurchase agreements or other negotiated transactions.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

As required under Item 6—Exhibits, the exhibits filed as part of this report are provided in this separate section. The exhibits included in this section are as follows:



Exhibit Number	Exhibit Description	Incorporated by Reference
		Form	Date	Number	Filed Herewith

31.01	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a).				X

31.02	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a).				X

32.01	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the U.S. Code (18 U.S.C. 1350). *				X

32.02	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the U.S. Code (18 U.S.C. 1350). *				X

~~101.INS~~101	Interactive Data File. The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL ~~Instance Document~~tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.				X
104
~~101.SCH~~	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL ~~Taxonomy Extension Schema~~				X

~~101.CAL~~	~~XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase~~				X

~~101.DEF~~	~~XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase~~				X

~~101.LAB~~	~~XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase~~				X

~~101.PRE~~	~~XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase~~and contained in Exhibit 101).				X



*	As contemplated by SEC Release No. 33-8212, these exhibits are furnished with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are not deemed filed with the SEC and are not incorporated by reference in any filing of VeriSign, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in such filings.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



		VERISIGN, INC.

Date: October ~~26, 2017~~24, 2019	By:	/S/ D. JAMES BIDZOS
		D. James Bidzos
		Chief Executive Officer



Date: October ~~26, 2017~~24, 2019	By:	/S/ GEORGE E. KILGUSS, III
		George E. Kilguss, III
		Chief Financial Officer

3435

September 30, ~~2017~~2019

September 30, ~~2016~~2018

.com and .net domain name registrations in the domain name base

~~145.8~~157.4 million

~~144.1~~151.7 million