Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
                      FORM
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2024
OR
oTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ___________  to  
____________        
Commission File Number:1-11961
CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware76-0423828
DELAWARE76-0423828
(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)
3040 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 300
Houston, Texas, 77056
3040 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 300
Houston, Texas, 77056
(Address of principal executive offices)
(713) 332-8400
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per shareCSVNew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Large accelerated fileroAccelerated filerx
Non-accelerated filer
o  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting companyo
Emerging growth companyo

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  o    No  x
The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $.01 par value per share, outstanding as of October 20, 2017April 26, 2024 was 16,085,750.15,165,486.






CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
INDEX
 
Page
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Item 5. Other Information

- 2 -

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.Financial Statements.
Item 1.Financial Statements.
CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSSHEET
(unaudited and in thousands, except share data)
  (unaudited)
December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
ASSETS   
Current assets:   
Current assets:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$3,286
 $759
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for bad debts of $746 in 2016 and $800 in 201718,860
 18,821
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents
Accounts receivable, net
Inventories6,147
 6,346
Prepaid expenses2,640
 1,355
Other current assets2,034
 764
Prepaid and other current assets
Total current assets32,967
 28,045
Preneed cemetery trust investments69,696
 71,728
Preneed funeral trust investments89,240
 89,444
Preneed receivables, net of allowance for bad debts of $2,166 in 2016 and $2,230 in 201730,383
 31,279
Receivables from preneed trusts14,218
 15,306
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $110,509 in 2016 and $113,616 in 2017235,113
 235,501
Cemetery property, net of accumulated amortization of $34,194 in 2016 and $36,638 in 201776,119
 76,961
Preneed cemetery receivables, net
Receivables from preneed funeral trusts, net
Property, plant and equipment, net
Cemetery property, net
Goodwill275,487
 275,487
Intangible and other non-current assets14,957
 14,616
Intangible and other non-current assets, net
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Cemetery perpetual care trust investments46,889
 48,679
Total assets$885,069
 $887,046
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY   
Current liabilities:   
Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations$13,267
 $16,323
Current liabilities:
Current liabilities:
Current portion of debt and lease obligations
Current portion of debt and lease obligations
Current portion of debt and lease obligations
Accounts payable10,198
 6,686
Other liabilities717
 1,811
Accrued liabilities20,091
 15,294
Accrued and other liabilities
Total current liabilities44,273
 40,114
Long-term debt, net of current portion137,862
 125,442
Revolving credit facility66,542
 74,550
Convertible subordinated notes due 2021119,596
 123,182
Obligations under capital leases, net of current portion2,630
 2,492
Total current liabilities
Total current liabilities
Acquisition debt, net of current portion
Credit facility
Senior notes
Senior notes
Senior notes
Obligations under finance leases, net of current portion
Obligations under operating leases, net of current portion
Deferred preneed cemetery revenue54,631
 55,275
Deferred preneed funeral revenue33,198
 34,652
Deferred tax liability42,810
 44,025
Other long-term liabilities2,567
 2,723
Deferred preneed cemetery receipts held in trust69,696
 71,728
Deferred preneed funeral receipts held in trust89,240
 89,444
Care trusts’ corpus46,290
 48,186
Total liabilities709,335
 711,813
Commitments and contingencies:
 
Commitments and contingencies:
Stockholders’ equity:  
Common stock, $.01 par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized and 22,490,855 and 22,609,120 shares issued at December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017, respectively225
 226
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized and 26,627,319 and 26,793,343 shares issued, respectively and 14,999,501 and 15,165,525 shares outstanding, respectively
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized and 26,627,319 and 26,793,343 shares issued, respectively and 14,999,501 and 15,165,525 shares outstanding, respectively
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized and 26,627,319 and 26,793,343 shares issued, respectively and 14,999,501 and 15,165,525 shares outstanding, respectively
Additional paid-in capital215,064
 216,396
Retained earnings20,711
 35,243
Treasury stock, at cost; 5,849,316 and 6,523,370 shares at December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017, respectively(60,266) (76,632)
Treasury stock, at cost; 11,627,818 shares
Total stockholders’ equity175,734
 175,233
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$885,069
 $887,046
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

- 3 -

CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited and in thousands, except per share data)
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Revenue:
Revenue:
Revenue:
Service revenue
Service revenue
Service revenue
Property and merchandise revenue
Property and merchandise revenue
Property and merchandise revenue
Other revenue
Other revenue
Other revenue
95,514
95,514
95,514
Field costs and expenses:
Field costs and expenses:
Field costs and expenses:
Cost of service
Cost of service
Cost of service
Cost of merchandise
Cost of merchandise
Cost of merchandise
Cemetery property amortization
Cemetery property amortization
Cemetery property amortization
Field depreciation expense
Field depreciation expense
Field depreciation expense
Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs
Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs
Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs
Other expenses
Other expenses
Other expenses
64,459
64,459
64,459
Gross profit
Gross profit
Gross profit
Corporate costs and expenses:
Corporate costs and expenses:
Corporate costs and expenses:
General, administrative and other
General, administrative and other
General, administrative and other
Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairments charges
Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairments charges
Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairments charges
Operating income
Operating income
Operating income
Interest expense
Interest expense
Interest expense
Loss on property damage, net of insurance claims
For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2016 2017 2016 2017
Revenues:       
Funeral$45,183
 $47,329
 $140,952
 $150,279
Cemetery14,957
 13,725
 44,384
 42,784
Loss on property damage, net of insurance claims
60,140
 61,054
 185,336
 193,063
Field costs and expenses:  
   
Funeral26,982
 29,267
 82,546
 89,118
Cemetery8,695
 8,769
 25,546
 26,142
Depreciation and amortization3,452
 3,601
 10,359
 10,719
Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs2,783
 3,937
 8,547
 9,845
41,912
 45,574
 126,998
 135,824
Gross profit18,228
 15,480
 58,338
 57,239
Corporate costs and expenses:  
   
General, administrative and other6,130
 6,134
 21,208
 19,549
Home office depreciation and amortization355
 401
 1,139
 1,155
6,485
 6,535
 22,347
 20,704
Operating income11,743
 8,945
 35,991
 36,535
Interest expense(2,903) (3,282) (8,722) (9,517)
Accretion of discount on convertible subordinated notes(981) (1,097) (2,862) (3,200)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
 
 (567) 
Loss on property damage, net of insurance claims
Other, net
Other, net
Other, net(285) (6) 20
 (3)
Income before income taxes7,574
 4,560
 23,860
 23,815
Provision for income taxes(3,030) (1,824) (9,545) (9,526)
Tax adjustment related to certain discrete items1,139
 302
 1,139
 243
Total provision for income taxes$(1,891) $(1,522) $(8,406) $(9,283)
Income before income taxes
Income before income taxes
Expense for income taxes
Expense for income taxes
Expense for income taxes
(Benefit) expense related to discrete income tax items
(Benefit) expense related to discrete income tax items
(Benefit) expense related to discrete income tax items
Total expense for income taxes
Total expense for income taxes
Total expense for income taxes
Net income
Net income
Net income$5,683
 $3,038
 $15,454
 $14,532
       
Basic earnings per common share:$0.34
 $0.18
 $0.93
 $0.87
Basic earnings per common share:
Basic earnings per common share:
Diluted earnings per common share:
Diluted earnings per common share:
Diluted earnings per common share:$0.33
 $0.17
 $0.91
 $0.81
       
Dividends declared per common share$0.050
 $0.050
 $0.100
 $0.150
Dividends declared per common share:
Dividends declared per common share:
Dividends declared per common share:
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding:
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding:
       
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding:       
Basic16,529
 16,476
 16,502
 16,575
Basic
Basic
Diluted17,101
 17,598
 16,962
 17,887
Diluted
Diluted
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

- 4 -

CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited and in thousands)
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:   
Net income$15,454
 $14,532
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:  
Depreciation and amortization11,498
 11,874
Provision for losses on accounts receivable1,522
 1,737
Stock-based compensation expense2,645
 2,394
Deferred income tax expense3,618
 1,215
Amortization of deferred financing costs622
 614
Accretion of discount on convertible subordinated notes2,862
 3,200
Loss on early extinguishment of debt567
 
Net loss on sale and disposal of other assets186
 341
Impairment of intangible assets145
 
    
Changes in operating assets and liabilities that provided (required) cash:  
Accounts and preneed receivables(3,945) (2,594)
Inventories and other current assets682
 2,356
Intangible and other non-current assets386
 340
Preneed funeral and cemetery trust investments(4,828) (5,114)
Accounts payable(2,149) (3,510)
Accrued and other liabilities292
 (2,790)
Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery revenue742
 2,098
Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery receipts held in trust4,541
 4,132
Net cash provided by operating activities34,840
 30,825
   
Cash flows from investing activities:  
Acquisitions and land for new construction(15,056) (723)
Purchase of land and buildings previously leased(6,258) 
Net proceeds from the sale of other assets955
 405
Capital expenditures(12,039) (13,129)
Net cash used in investing activities(32,398) (13,447)
   
Cash flows from financing activities:  
Borrowings from the revolving credit facility45,500
 75,100
Payments against the revolving credit facility(74,800) (67,300)
Borrowings from the term loan39,063
 
Payments against the term loan(8,438) (8,438)
Payments on other long-term debt and obligations under capital leases(987) (1,084)
Payments on contingent consideration recorded at acquisition date
 (101)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan contributions686
 1,296
Taxes paid on restricted stock vestings and exercise of non-qualified options(560) (509)
Dividends paid on common stock(1,662) (2,503)
Purchase of treasury stock
 (16,366)
Payment of loan origination costs related to the credit facility(717) 
Excess tax deficiency of equity compensation(207) 
Net cash used in financing activities(2,122) (19,905)
   

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents320
 (2,527)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period535
 3,286
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$855
 $759
    
 Three months ended March 31,
 20232024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$8,844 $6,973 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization4,769 5,460 
Provision for credit losses699 782 
Stock-based compensation expense2,141 489 
Deferred income tax benefit(178)(2,342)
Amortization of intangibles321 332 
Amortization of debt issuance costs174 176 
Amortization and accretion of debt127 132 
Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairment charges241 1,545 
Loss on property damage, net of insurance claims271 — 
Gain on sale of excess land(530)— 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities that provided (used) cash:
Accounts and preneed receivables120 (1,800)
Inventories, prepaid and other current assets884 814 
Intangible and other non-current assets(1,277)(834)
Preneed funeral and cemetery trust investments5,356 (15,255)
Accounts payable(246)862 
Accrued and other liabilities1,924 4,831 
Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery revenue8,132 2,267 
Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery receipts held in trust(5,903)15,271 
Net cash provided by operating activities25,869 19,703 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of businesses(44,000)— 
Proceeds from divestitures and sale of other assets1,275 10,877 
Proceeds from insurance claims421 46 
Capital expenditures(4,982)(3,551)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(47,286)7,372 
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings from the credit facility51,700 13,600 
Payments against the credit facility(28,800)(38,600)
Payments on acquisition debt and obligations under finance leases(127)(152)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan contributions526 347 
Taxes paid on restricted stock vestings and exercise of stock options(98)(418)
Dividends paid on common stock(1,661)(1,686)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities21,540 (26,909)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents123 166 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period1,170 1,523 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$1,293 $1,689 
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

- 5 -

CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(unaudited and in thousands)
Three months ended March 31, 2023
Shares
Outstanding
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Treasury
Stock
Total
Balance – December 31, 202214,732 $264 $238,780 $176,843 $(278,753)$137,134 
Net income— — — 8,844 — 8,844 
Issuance of common stock from employee stock purchase plan22 — 526 — — 526 
Issuance of common stock to directors and board advisor— 112 — — 112 
Issuance of common stock to former executive30 — 826 — — 826 
Issuance of restricted common stock142 (2)— — — 
Exercise of stock options— (21)— — (21)
Cancellation and surrender of restricted common stock(4)— (77)— — (77)
Stock-based compensation expense— — 1,203 — — 1,203 
Dividends on common stock— — (1,661)— — (1,661)
Other— 276 — — 276 
Balance – March 31, 202314,935 $266 $239,962 $185,687 $(278,753)$147,162 

Three months ended March 31, 2024
Shares
Outstanding
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Treasury
Stock
Total
Balance – December 31, 202315,000 $266 $241,291 $210,256 $(278,753)$173,060 
Net income— — — 6,973 — 6,973 
Issuance of common stock from employee stock purchase plan16 — 347 — — 347 
Issuance of common stock to directors and board advisor— 113 — — 113 
Issuance of restricted common stock157 (2)— — — 
Cancellation and surrender of restricted common stock(43)— (418)— — (418)
Stock-based compensation expense— — 376 — — 376 
Dividends on common stock— — (1,686)— — (1,686)
Other31 — 790 — — 790 
Balance – March 31, 202415,165 $268 $240,811 $217,229 $(278,753)$179,555 
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.









- 6 -

CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
1.BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company
Carriage Services, Inc. (“Carriage,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a leading provider of deathcarefuneral and cemetery services and merchandise in the United States. As of September 30, 2017, we operated 171 funeral homes in 28 states and 32 cemeteries in 11 states.
Our operations are reported in two business segments: Funeral Home Operations, which currently accounts for approximately 70% of our total revenue, and Cemetery Operations. Operations, which currently accounts for approximately 30% of our total revenue. At March 31, 2024, we operated 165 funeral homes in 26 states and 31 cemeteries in 11 states.
Our funeral homes offer a complete rangehome operations are principally service businesses that generate revenue from sales of high value personalburial and cremation services to meet a family’s funeral needs, includingand related merchandise, such as caskets and urns. Funeral services include consultation, the removal and preparation of remains, the sale of caskets and related funeral merchandise, the use of funeral home facilities for visitation and remembrancememorial services and transportation services. We provide funeral services and products on both an “atneed” (time of death) and “preneed” (planned prior to death) basis.
Our cemeteries providecemetery operations generate revenue primarily through sales of cemetery interment rights (grave(primarily grave sites, lawn crypts, mausoleum spaces and mausoleum spaces) andniches), related cemetery merchandise such(such as memorial markers, and outer burial containers and monuments) and services (interments, inurnments and installation of cemetery merchandise). We provide cemetery services and products on both on an at-needatneed and preneed basis.
Principles of Consolidation and Interim Condensed Disclosures
Our unaudited consolidated financial statementsConsolidated Financial Statements include the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Our interim consolidated financial statementsConsolidated Financial Statements are unaudited, but include all adjustments, which consist of normal, recurring accruals, that are necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position and results of operations as of and for the interim periods presented. Our
There have been no material changes in our accounting policies previously disclosed in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in Note 1 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition, our unaudited consolidated financial statementsConsolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in a manner consistent with the accounting principles described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162023 unless otherwise disclosed herein, and should be read in conjunction therewith.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period financial statement presentation with no effect on our previously reported results of operations, consolidated financial position, or cash flows.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenuesrevenue and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our critical estimates and judgments, includingwhich include those related to revenue recognition, realizationthe impairment of accounts receivable, goodwill intangible assets, property and equipment and deferred tax assets and liabilities. We basethe fair value measurements used in business combinations. These policies are considered critical because they may result in fluctuations in our reported results from period to period due to the significant judgments, estimates on historical experience, third-party data and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable underabout complex and inherently uncertain matters and because the circumstances. Theuse of different judgments, assumptions or estimates could have a material impact on our financial condition or results of these considerations form the basis for making judgments about the amount and timing of revenues and expenses, the carrying value of assets and the recorded amounts of liabilities.operations. Actual results may differ from these estimates and such estimates may change if the underlying conditions or assumptions change. Historical performance should not be viewed as indicative of future performance asbecause there can be no assurance that our resultsthe margins, operating income and net earnings, as a percentage of operationsrevenue, will be consistent from yearperiod to year.period.
FuneralCash and Cemetery OperationsCash Equivalents
We recordconsider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Inventory
Inventory consists primarily of caskets, outer burial containers and cemetery monuments and markers and is recorded at the revenuelower of its cost basis or net realizable value. Inventory is relieved using specific identification in fulfillment of performance obligations on our contracts.
- 7 -

Deferred Revenue
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we withdrew $7.0 million of realized capital gains and earnings from sales ofour preneed funeral and cemetery trust investments. We did not withdraw any realized capital gains and earnings from our preneed trust investments during the three months ended March 31, 2024. In certain states, we are allowed to make these withdrawals prior to the delivery of preneed merchandise and services when the merchandise is delivered or the service is performed. Cemetery interment rightscontracts. The realized capital gains and earnings withdrawn increase our cash flow from operations, but are recordednot recognized as revenue in accordance withour Consolidated Statements of Operations, however, they reduce our Preneed funeral trust investments and Preneed cemetery trust investments and increase our Deferred preneed funeral revenue and Deferred preneed cemetery revenue.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment is comprised of the accounting provisions for real estate sales. This method providesfollowing (in thousands):
December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Land$87,635 $86,888 
Buildings and improvements263,522 260,864 
Furniture, equipment and vehicles74,372 72,880 
Property, plant and equipment, at cost425,529 420,632 
Less: accumulated depreciation(138,045)(138,667)
Property, plant and equipment, net$287,484 $281,965 
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we sold six funeral homes and one cemetery that had a carrying value of property, plant and equipment of $3.1 million, which was included in the loss on sale and recorded in Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairment charges on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we acquired $12.8 million of property, plant and equipment related to our acquisition of a business located in Bakersfield, CA, as more fully described in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Our growth and maintenance capital expenditures totaled $2.9 million and $1.6 million for the recognitionthree months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. In addition, we recorded depreciation expense of revenue in$3.5 million and $3.6 million for the period in whichthree months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively.
Cemetery Property
Cemetery property was $114.6 million and $114.0 million, net of accumulated amortization of $64.6 million and $66.2 million at December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2024, respectively. When cemetery property is sold, the customer’s cumulative payments exceed 10%value of the intermentcemetery property (interment right contract price. Interment right costs, which include real property and other costs related to cemetery development, arecosts) is expensed as amortization using the specific identification method in the period in which the sale of the interment right is recognized as revenue. Our growth capital expenditures for cemetery property development totaled $2.1 million and $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. We recorded amortization expense for cemetery propertyinterment rights of approximately $0.9 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 and $3.1$1.2 million and $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, respectively. Sales taxes collected are recognized on a net basis in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Allowances for bad debts and customer cancellations are provided at the date that the sale is recognized as revenue and are based on our historical experience. We also monitor changes in delinquency rates and provide additional bad debt and cancellation reserves when warranted.

When preneed sales of funeral services and merchandise are funded through third-party insurance policies, we earn a commission on the sale of the policies. Insurance commissions are recognized as revenues at the point at which the commission is no longer subject to refund, which is typically one year after the policy is issued. Preneed selling costs consist of sales commissions that we pay our sales counselors and other direct related costs of originating preneed sales contracts. These costs are expensed when incurred.
Trust management fees are earned by us for investment management and advisory services that are provided by our wholly-owned registered investment advisor (“CSV RIA”). As of September 30, 2017, CSV RIA provided these services to two institutions, which have custody of 79% of our trust assets, for a fee based on the market value of trust assets. Under state trust laws, we are allowed to charge the trust a fee for advising on the investment of the trust assets and these fees are recognized as income in the period in which services are provided.
Accounts receivable was comprised of the following at December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017 (in thousands):
 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017
Funeral receivables, net of allowance for bad debt of $189 and $197, respectively$8,664
 $7,865
Cemetery receivables, net of allowance for bad debt of $557 and $603, respectively9,862
 10,552
Other receivables334
 404
Accounts receivable, net$18,860
 $18,821
Non-current preneed receivables represent payments expected to be received beyond one year from the balance sheet date. Preneed receivables were comprised of the following at December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017 (in thousands):
 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017
Funeral receivables, net of allowance for bad debt of $862 and $883, respectively$7,761
 $7,943
Cemetery receivables, net of allowance for bad debt of $1,304 and $1,347, respectively22,622
 23,336
Preneed receivable, net$30,383
 $31,279
Bad debt expense totaled approximately $0.5 million and $0.6$1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2023 and 2017, respectively,2024, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we sold one cemetery that had a carrying value of cemetery property of $0.8 million, which was included in the loss on sale and $1.5recorded in Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairment charges on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we acquired cemetery property for $9.0 million related to our acquisition of a business located in Bakersfield, CA, as more fully described in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. We also sold two cemeteries that had a carrying value of cemetery property of $0.8 million, which was included in the loss on sale and recorded in Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairment charges on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $3.5 million and $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, respectively.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment (including equipment under capital leases) are stated at cost. The costs of ordinary maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred, while renewals and major replacements that extend the useful economic life of the asset are capitalized. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment (including equipment under capital leases) is computed based on the straight-line method.
Property, plant and equipment was comprised of the following at December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017 (in thousands):
 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017
Land$73,744
 $73,503
Buildings and improvements195,214
 201,444
Furniture, equipment and automobiles76,664
 74,170
Property, plant and equipment, at cost345,622
 349,117
Less: accumulated depreciation(110,509) (113,616)
Property, plant and equipment, net$235,113
 $235,501
We recorded depreciation expense of approximately $2.9 million and $3.1$3.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2023 and 2017, respectively and $8.4 million and $9.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017,2024, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we acquired real estate for $0.7 million for funeral home parking lot expansion projects. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we acquired real estate for $2.7 million for various funeral home expansion projects and we purchased land and buildings at four funeral homes that were previously leased for approximately $6.3 million.
Goodwill
Effective January 1, 2017, we adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”), Intangibles (Topic 350): Goodwill and Other. The guidance simplifies subsequent measurement of goodwill and eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test, which should reduce the cost and complexity of evaluating goodwill for

impairment. An entity no longer will determine goodwill impairment by calculating the implied fair value of goodwill by assigning the fair value of a reporting unit to all of its assets and liabilities as if that reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. Instead, impairment is defined as the amount by which the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, up to the total amount of goodwill.
We performed our 2017 annual impairment test of goodwill using information as of August 31, 2017. Under current guidance, we are permitted to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test. For our 2017 annual impairment test, we performed a qualitative assessment and concluded that there was not an impairment to goodwill.
For our 2016 annual impairment test, we performed a quantitative impairment test. Our intent is to perform the quantitative test at least once every three years unless certain indicators or events suggest otherwise. See Part II, Item 7, Overview of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates and Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 1, to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, for a discussion of the methodology used for the goodwill impairment quantitative test.
In addition to our annual review, we assess the impairment of goodwill whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a reporting unit may be greater than fair value. Factors that could trigger an interim impairment review include, but are not limited to, significant adverse changes in the business climate which may be indicated by a decline in our market capitalization or decline in operating results. No such events or changes occurred between our testing date and reporting period to trigger a subsequent impairment review. No impairments were recorded to our goodwill during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017.
Intangible Assets
Our intangible assets include tradenames resulting from acquisitions and are included in Intangible and other non-current assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our tradenames are considered to have an indefinite life and are not subject to amortization.
We performed our 2017 annual impairment test of intangible assets using information as of August 31, 2017. Under current guidance, we are permitted to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than not that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If, after assessing the totality of events and circumstances, an entity concludes that it is not more likely than not that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired, then the entity is not required to take further action. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to determine the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset and perform the quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value with the carrying amount in accordance with the guidance. For our 2017 annual impairment test, we performed a qualitative assessment and concluded that there was not an impairment to intangibles assets.
For our 2016 annual impairment test, we performed a quantitative impairment test. Our intent is to perform the quantitative test at least once every three years unless certain indicators or events suggest otherwise. See Part II, Item 7, Overview of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates and Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 1, to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, for a discussion of the methodology used for the intangibles impairment quantitative test.
In addition to our annual review, we assess the impairment of intangible assets whenever certain events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the intangible asset may be greater than the fair value. Factors that could trigger an interim impairment review include, but are not limited to, significant under-performance relative to historical or projected future operating results and significant negative industry or economic trends. During the third quarter of 2016, we recorded an impairment to tradenames of $145,000 related to a funeral home business held for sale as the carrying value exceeded fair value. No other impairments were recorded to our intangible assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017.
Stock Plans and Stock-Based Compensation
We have stock-based employee and director compensation plans under which we grant restricted stock, stock options and performance awards. We also have an employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”). We recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of the stock-based awards expected to vest or to be purchased over the requisite service period. Fair value is determined on the date of the grant.
The fair value of restricted stock is determined using the stock price on the grant date. The fair value of options or awards containing options is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The fair value of the performance awards related to market performance is determined using a Monte-Carlo simulation pricing model. The fair value of the performance awards related to internal performance metrics is determined using the stock price on the grant date. The fair value of the ESPP is determined

based on the discount element offered to employees and the embedded option element, which is determined using an option calculation model.
Effective January 1, 2017, we adopted the FASB’s ASU, Compensation: (Topic 718): Stock Compensation. The guidance simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows.
The guidance requires that previously unrecognized excess tax benefits should be recognized on a modified retrospective basis. Entities are required to record a deferred tax asset for previously unrecognized excess tax benefits outstanding as of the beginning of the annual period of adoption, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. At January 1, 2017, we performed an analysis for unrecognized excess tax benefits and deficiencies and determined that there were no adjustments to retained earnings, as there are no unrecognized excess tax benefits.
The guidance also requires that all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies (including tax benefits of dividends on share-based payment awards) should be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement on a prospective basis. The tax effects of exercised or vested awards should be treated asrate before discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur. For the threewas 28.9% and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the excess tax deficiency related to share-based payments was approximately $70,000, recorded within Tax adjustment related to certain discrete items on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. In addition, excess tax benefits or deficiencies related to share-based payments are now included in operating cash flows rather than financing cash flows.
The guidance also allows for a one-time accounting policy election to either account for forfeitures as they occur or continue to estimate forfeitures as required by current guidance. The Company has elected to continue estimating forfeitures under the current guidance.
The guidance also requires that the presentation of employee taxes paid when an employer withholds shares for tax-withholding purposes should be classified as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows and applied retrospectively. This resulted in $0.6 million of employee taxes paid from withheld shares being presented as financing activities on our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for both the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017. Prior to January 1, 2017, these amounts were presented as operating activities on our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
We adopted all of the provisions of this amendment in accordance with the transition requirements and it did not have a material effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information on our stock-based compensation plans.
Income Taxes
We and our subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return, separate income tax returns in 15 states in which we operate and combined or unitary income tax returns in 13 states in which we operate. We record deferred taxes for temporary differences between the tax basis and financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities.
We record a valuation allowance to reflect the estimated amount of deferred tax assets for which realization is uncertain. Management reviews the valuation allowance at the end of each quarter and makes adjustments if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the tax benefits will be realized.
We analyze tax benefits for uncertain tax positions and how they are to be recognized, measured and derecognized in financial statements; provide certain disclosures of uncertain tax matters; and specify how reserves for uncertain tax positions should be classified on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
On July 18, 2017, we received notification that the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) selected our tax years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 for examination. The examination of our tax year ended December 31, 2013 had previously been completed during 2016, however, we filed an amendment on June 1, 2017. The examination related to 2013 should be limited in scope to the items revised in the amendment, which include research and development credits, state taxes and preneed cost of sales.
Income tax expense during interim periods is based on our estimated annual effective income tax rate plus any discrete items, which are recorded in the period in which they occur. Discrete items include, but are not limited to, such events as changes in estimates due to the finalization of tax returns, tax audit settlements, and increases or decreases in valuation allowances on deferred tax assets.
Income tax expense was $1.9 million32.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. We recorded income taxes at the estimated effective rate, before discrete items, of 40.0% for both the threeMarch 31, 2023 and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017. Income tax expense was $8.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $9.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

During the third quarter of 2017, we recognized a tax benefit of $0.2 million which reduced our effective tax rate to 39.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. During the third quarter of 2016, we recognized a tax benefit of $1.1 million which reduced our effective tax rate to 35.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
Correction of Immaterial Error
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we corrected an immaterial error related to 2013. The adjustment related to the correction of the deferred tax liability for the difference in book and tax basis of certain assets. The error had the impact of understating the deferred tax liability and overstating net income in 2013. Management evaluated the effect of the adjustment on previously issued interim and annual consolidated financial statements in accordance with the SEC's Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 99 and SAB 108 and concluded that it was immaterial to the interim and annual periods. As a result, in accordance with SAB No. 108, we corrected our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 1, 2015.
The effect of this adjustment on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 is as follows (dollars in thousands):
  % Change
Increase in Deferred tax liability$2,255
5.6%
Increase in Total liabilities$2,255
0.3%
Decrease in Retained earnings$2,255
9.8%
Decrease in Total stockholders' equity$2,255
1.3%
This adjustment had no impact on our Consolidated Statements of Operations or Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for any periods presented.
Related Party Transactions
Management evaluated reportable events and transactions that occurred between us and related persons during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information on our related party transactions.2024, respectively.
Subsequent Events
ManagementWe have evaluated events and transactions during the period subsequent to September 30, 2017March 31, 2024 through the date the financial statements were issued for potential recognition or disclosure in the accompanying financial statements covered by this report.
See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information on our subsequent events.
- 8 -

2.RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Stock-Based CompensationSegment Reporting
In May 2017,November 2023, the FASB issued ASU, Compensation: (Topic 718): Stock CompensationSegment Reporting - Scope of Modification Accounting.Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“Topic 280”) to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments provide guidance about which changesin this update require that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis (1) significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the termschief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and conditionsincluded within each reported measure of segment profit or loss; and (2) an amount for other segment items, as described in the amendments, by reportable segment and a share-based payment awarddescription of its composition. Additionally, the amendments require anthat a public entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. An entity should account fordisclose the effects of a modification unless the fair value, vesting conditionstitle and classificationposition of the modified awardCODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The amendments are the same as the original award immediately before the award is modified. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017,2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years with earlier application permittedbeginning after December 15, 2024, and therefore were effective for all entities. The amendments should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. Our adoption of this ASUus for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018 is not expected to2024 and for interim periods within our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2025. We expect the adoption will have a material effectno impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Revenue RecognitionAccounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
Income Taxes
In May 2014,December 2023, the FASB issued ASU, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). FASB Accounting Standards CodificationIncome Taxes - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASC”Topic 740”) Topic 606 supersedesto enhance the revenue recognition requirements under Topic 605, Revenue Recognition,transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to rate reconciliation and most industry-specific guidance throughoutincome taxes paid information. The amendments in this update require that public business entities on an annual basis (1) disclose specific categories in the Industry Topicsrate reconciliation; and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than five percent of the ASC.amount computed by multiplying pretax income (loss) by the applicable statutory income tax rate). The core principleamendments in this update also require that all entities disclose on an annual basis (1) the amount of net income taxes paid disaggregated by federal and state taxes; and (2) the guidanceamount of net income taxes paid disaggregated by individual jurisdictions in which net income taxes paid is that an entity should recognize revenueequal to depict the transferor greater than five percent of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchangetotal net income taxes paid. The amendments are effective for those goods or services. Under the new guidance, an entity is required to perform the following five steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

The new guidance will significantly enhance comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities, industries, jurisdictions and capital markets. Additionally, the guidance requires improved disclosures as to the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue that is recognized. On July 9, 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date by one year to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period.2024. Early adoption is permitted. We plan to adopt the provisionsamendments of this ASUTopic 740 for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018 using2025. We expect the modified retrospective approach, which recognizesadoption will have no impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
3. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
Tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at fair value and goodwill is recognized for any difference between the cumulative effectprice of initially applying the standardacquisition and fair value. We recognize the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date, measured at the fair value as an adjustmentof that date. Acquisition related costs are recognized separately from the acquisition and are expensed as incurred. We customarily estimate related transaction costs known at closing. To the extent that information not available to retained earningsus at the closing date subsequently becomes available during the measurement period, we may adjust goodwill, intangible assets, assets or liabilities associated with the acquisition.
We did not acquire any businesses during the three months ended March 31, 2024. On March 22, 2023, we acquired a business consisting of three funeral homes, two cemeteries and one cremation focused business in the Bakersfield, CA area for $44.0 million in cash. We acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain operating liabilities of this business.
The pro forma impact of this acquisition on prior periods is not presented, as the impact is not significant to our reported results. The results of the acquired business are reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Operations from the date of initial application.acquisition.
Currently,
- 9 -

The following table summarizes the breakdown of the purchase price allocation for our salesBakersfield, CA business acquisition (in thousands):
Initial Purchase Price AllocationAdjustmentsAdjusted Purchase Price Allocation
Current assets$7,087 $131 $7,218 
Preneed trust assets— 11,428 11,428 
Property, plant & equipment12,577 245 12,822 
Cemetery property9,035 — 9,035 
Goodwill13,612 (106)13,506 
Intangible and other non-current assets3,763 — 3,763 
Assumed liabilities(300)(66)(366)
Preneed trust liabilities— (11,428)(11,428)
Deferred revenue(1,774)(204)(1,978)
Purchase price$44,000 $— $44,000 
The current assets relate to accounts receivable and inventory. The intangible and other non-current assets relate to the fair value of tradenames and right-of-use operating lease assets. The assumed liabilities relate to operating lease obligations and commissions payable. As of December 31, 2023, our accounting for this acquisition was complete.
The following table summarizes the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for this business (in thousands):
Acquisition DateType of BusinessMarketAssets Acquired (Excluding
Goodwill)
Goodwill
Recorded
Liabilities
and Debt
Assumed
March 22, 2023Three Funeral Homes, Two Cemeteries and One Cremation Focused BusinessBakersfield, CA$44,266 $13,506 $(13,772)
4.GOODWILL
The following table presents changes in goodwill in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet (in thousands):
December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Goodwill at the beginning of the period$410,137 $423,643 
Increase in goodwill related to acquisitions13,506 — 
Decrease in goodwill related to divestitures— (8,748)
Goodwill at the end of the period$423,643 $414,895 
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we allocated $8.7 million of goodwill to the sale of six funeral homes and one cemetery interment rightsfor a loss recorded in Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairments charges, of which $7.8 million was allocated to our funeral homes segment and $1.0 million was allocated to our cemetery segment.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recognized $13.5 million in goodwill related to our acquisition of a business located in Bakersfield, CA, of which $4.5 million was allocated to our cemetery segment and $9.0 million was allocated to our funeral home segment.
5.DIVESTED OPERATIONS
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we sold six funeral homes and one cemetery for an aggregate of $10.9 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we sold one funeral home and two cemeteries for an aggregate of $0.8 million.
- 10 -

The operating results of these divested funeral homes and cemeteries are reflected on our Consolidated Statements of Operations as shown in the table below (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Revenue$66 $1,151 
Operating income26 122 
Loss on divestitures(1)
(82)(1,501)
Income tax benefit16 452 
Net loss from divested operations, after tax$(40)$(927)
(1)
Loss on divestitures is recorded in Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairments charges on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
6.RECEIVABLES
Accounts Receivable
Our funeral receivables are recorded in Accounts receivable, net and primarily consist of amounts due for funeral services already performed.
Atneed cemetery receivables and preneed cemetery receivables with payments expected to be received within one year from the balance sheet date are also recorded in Accounts receivable, net. Preneed cemetery receivables with payments expected to be received beyond one year from the balance sheet date are recorded in Preneed cemetery receivables, net.
Accounts receivable is comprised of the following (in thousands):
March 31, 2024
FuneralCemeteryCorporateTotal
Trade and financed receivables$8,412 $19,023 $— $27,435 
Other receivables388 219 112 719 
Allowance for credit losses(302)(1,303)— (1,605)
Accounts receivable, net$8,498 $17,939 $112 $26,549 
December 31, 2023
FuneralCemeteryCorporateTotal
Trade and financed receivables$8,822 $18,459 $— $27,281 
Other receivables404 595 286 1,285 
Allowance for credit losses(266)(1,240)— (1,506)
Accounts receivable, net$8,960 $17,814 $286 $27,060 
Other receivables include supplier rebates, commissions due from third party insurance companies and perpetual care income receivables. We do not provide an allowance for credit losses for these receivables as revenuewe have historically not had any collectability issues nor do we expect any in accordance with the retail land sales provisionsforeseeable future.
The following table summarizes the activity in our allowance for accounting for salescredit losses by segment (in thousands):
January 1, 2024Provision for Credit LossesWrite OffsRecoveriesMarch 31, 2024
Trade and financed receivables:
Funeral$(266)$(238)$459 $(257)$(302)
Cemetery(1,240)(208)145 — (1,303)
Total allowance for credit losses on trade and financed receivables$(1,506)$(446)$604 $(257)$(1,605)
Balances due on undelivered preneed funeral trust contracts have been reclassified to reduce Deferred preneed funeral revenue on our Consolidated Balance Sheet of real estate. This method provides for$10.7 million at both December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2024. As these performance obligations are to be completed after the date of death, we cannot quantify the recognition of revenue in thefuture periods. However, we estimate an average maturity period in which the customer’s cumulative payments exceed 10%of ten years for preneed funeral contracts.

- 11 -

Cemetery Receivables
Our cemetery receivables are comprised of the contract price related to the interment right. We have analyzed the impact on our contract portfolio by reviewing our revenue streams and our current policies and procedures to identify potential differences that would result from applying the requirements of the new standard to our contracts and we do not expect the new accounting standard to significantly impact our current accounting for the cemetery interment rights. We do not expect the adoption of this accounting standard to materially affect our accounting for other revenue streams.following (in thousands):
We expect the adoption of this new accounting standard to affect our accounting for the selling costs related to preneed cemetery merchandise and services and preneed funeral trust contracts. Currently, these costs are charged to operations using the specific identification method in the period incurred. Under the new accounting standard, we will capitalize and amortize these costs over the typical financing term for our preneed cemetery merchandise and services contracts and over the average preneed maturity period for our preneed funeral trust contracts. Based on our preliminary assessments, we do not expect the change to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. The selling costs related to the sales of cemetery interment rights, which include real property and other costs related to cemetery development activities, will continue to be charged to operations using the specific identification method in the period in which the sale of the cemetery interment right is recognized as revenue. The selling costs related to preneed funeral insurance contracts will continue to be charged to operations using the specific identification method in the period incurred.
December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Interment rights$60,863 $63,328 
Merchandise and services11,223 11,314 
Unearned finance charges5,669 5,884 
Cemetery receivables$77,755 $80,526 
We are continually evaluating the impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements and are currently modifying our financial systems to provide accounting under the new guidance.
Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU, Leases (Topic 842). This ASU addresses certain aspects of recognition, presentation, and disclosure of leases and applies to all entities that enter into a lease, with some specified scope exemptions. The amendments in this ASU aim to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with earlier application permitted for all entities. Both lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach, which recognizes the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard as an adjustment to retained earnings at the date of initial application. We plan to adopt the provisions of this ASU for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2019 and are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this new accounting standard will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
3.    PRENEED TRUST INVESTMENTS
Preneed Cemetery Trust Investments
Preneed cemetery trust investments represent trust fund assets that we are permitted to withdraw as services and merchandise are provided to customers. Preneed cemetery contracts are secured by payments from customers, less retained amounts not required to be deposited into trust. Preneed cemetery trust investments can be reduced by the trust earnings we have been allowed to withdraw in certain states prior to our performance.
The components of our cemetery receivables are as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Cemetery receivables$77,755 $80,526 
Less: unearned finance charges(5,669)(5,884)
Cemetery receivables, at amortized cost$72,086 $74,642 
Less: allowance for credit losses(3,495)(3,602)
Less: balances due on undelivered cemetery preneed contracts(15,797)(16,466)
Less: amounts in accounts receivable(17,219)(17,720)
Preneed cemetery receivables, net$35,575 $36,854 
The following table summarizes the activity in our allowance for credit losses for Preneed cemetery trust investmentsreceivables, net (in thousands):
January 1, 2024Provision for Credit LossesWrite OffsMarch 31, 2024
Total allowance for credit losses on Preneed cemetery receivables, net
$(2,255)$(336)$292 $(2,299)
The amortized cost basis of our cemetery receivables by year of origination at March 31, 2024 is as follows (in thousands):
20242023202220212020PriorTotal
Total preneed cemetery receivables, at amortized cost$12,395 $29,871 $17,435 $8,853 $3,818 $2,270 $74,642 
The aging of past due cemetery receivables at March 31, 2024 is as follows (in thousands):
31-60
Past Due
61-90
Past Due
91-120
Past Due
>120
Past Due
Total Past
Due
CurrentTotal
Recognized revenue$2,418 $512 $333 $3,635 $6,898 $51,278 $58,176 
Deferred revenue444 128 141 1,234 1,947 20,403 22,350 
Total contracts$2,862 $640 $474 $4,869 $8,845 $71,681 $80,526 
Balances due on undelivered preneed cemetery contracts have been reclassified to reduce Deferred preneed cemetery revenue on our Consolidated Balance SheetsSheet. The transaction price allocated to preneed merchandise and service performance obligations that were unfulfilled were $15.8 million and $16.5 million at December 31, 20162023 and September 30, 2017 were as follows (in thousands):March 31, 2024, respectively. As these performance obligations are to be completed after the date of death, we cannot quantify the recognition of revenue in future periods. However, we estimate an average maturity period of eight years for preneed cemetery contracts.
 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017
Preneed cemetery trust investments, at market value$71,834
 $73,889
Less: allowance for contract cancellation(2,138) (2,161)
Preneed cemetery trust investments, net$69,696
 $71,728
7.FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Upon cancellationWe evaluated our financial assets and liabilities for those that met the criteria of the disclosure requirements and fair value framework. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate the fair values of those instruments due to the short-term nature of the instruments. The fair values of our receivables on preneed cemetery contracts are impracticable to estimate because of the lack of a preneed cemetery contract, a customer is generally entitled to receive a refundtrading market and the diverse number of individual contracts with varying terms. Our acquisition debt and Credit Facility (as defined in Note 11) and Senior Notes (as defined in Note 12) are classified within Level 2 of the corpus,Fair Value Measurements hierarchy.
At March 31, 2024, the carrying value and in some instances,fair value of our Credit Facility was $154.1 million. We believe that our Credit Facility bears interest at a portionrate that approximates prevailing market rates for instruments with similar characteristics and therefore, the carrying value of all our Credit Facility approximates fair value. We estimate the fair value of our acquisition debt utilizing an income approach, which uses a present value calculation to discount payments based on current market rates as
- 12 -

of the earnings held in trust. In certain jurisdictions, we may be obligated to fund any shortfall if

reporting date. At March 31, 2024, the amounts deposited by the customer exceed the funds in trust, including investment income. As a result, when realized or unrealized losses of a trust result in the trust being underfunded, we assess whether we are responsible for replenishing the corpus of the trust, in which case a loss provision is recorded. At September 30, 2017, nonecarrying value of our acquisition debt was $6.0 million, which approximated its fair value. The fair value of our Senior Notes was $355.2 million at March 31, 2024 based on the last traded or broker quoted price.
We identified investments in fixed income securities, common stock and mutual funds presented within the preneed cemeteryand perpetual care trust investments were underfunded.
Earnings fromcategories on our preneed cemetery trust investments are recognizedConsolidated Balance Sheet as revenue when a service is performed or merchandise is delivered. Trust management fees charged by CSV RIA are included in revenue inhaving met the period in which they are earned.
criteria for fair value measurement. Where quoted prices are available in an active market, investments held by the trusts are classified as Level 1 investments pursuant to the three-level valuation hierarchy. Our Level 1 investments include cash, U.S. treasury debt, common stock and common stock.equity mutual funds. Where quoted market prices are not available for the specific security, then fair values are estimated by using quoted prices of similar securities in active markets or other inputs other than quoted prices that can corroborate observable market data. These investments are fixed income securities, including municipal bonds,U.S. agency obligations, foreign debt, corporate debt, preferred stocks, mortgage-backed securitiescertificates of deposit and fixed income mutual funds and other investments, all of which are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.
In addition, we have an investment in a limited partnership fund, whose fair value has been estimated using the net asset value per share practical expedient described in ASC 820-10-35-59, Fair Value Measurement of Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent) and therefore, has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The investment strategy of this fund is to generate attractive, risk-adjusted returns over a multi-year performance period through the construction of a concentrated portfolio of investments possessing certain distinct business attributes that suggest the potential for long-term value creation. Beginning March 31, 2024, the agreement permits us to withdraw a percentage of the value of the investments in this fund through quarterly withdrawal dates with the intention to permit withdrawal of the entire investment over twelve successive withdrawal dates. Our unfunded commitment for this investment at March 31, 2024 was $10.0 million.
Our receivables from preneed funeral trusts represent assets in trusts which are controlled and operated by third parties in which we do not have a controlling financial interest (less than 50%) in the trust assets. We reviewaccount for these investments at cost. See Notes 8 and update9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for the fair value hierarchy classifications quarterly. There were no transfers between Levels 1levels of our trust investments.
8.TRUST INVESTMENTS
Preneed trust investments represent trust fund assets that we are generally permitted to withdraw as the services and 2merchandise are provided to customers. Preneed funeral and cemetery contracts are secured by payments from customers, less amounts not required by law to be deposited into trust. These earnings are recognized in Other revenue on ourConsolidated Statements of Operations, when a service is performed or merchandise is delivered. Trust management fees charged by our wholly-owned registered investment advisory firm are included as revenue in the threeperiod in which they are earned. Our investments are diversified across multiple industry segments using a balanced allocation strategy to minimize long-term risk. We do not intend to sell and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Thereit is likely that we will not be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery.
Cemetery perpetual care trust investments represent a portion of the proceeds from the sale of cemetery property interment rights that we are no Level 3 investmentsrequired by various state laws to deposit into perpetual care trust funds. The income earned from these perpetual care trusts offsets maintenance expenses for cemetery property and memorials. This trust fund income is recognized in the preneed cemetery trust investment portfolio. See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for further information onOther revenue.
Changes in the fair value measurementof our trust fund assets (Preneed funeral, cemetery and the three-level hierarchy.
The cost and fair market values associated with preneed cemeteryperpetual care trust investments at September 30, 2017) are detailed below (in thousands):
 Fair Value Hierarchy Level Cost 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accounts1 $4,698
 $
 $
 $4,698
Fixed income securities:         
Foreign debt2 4,834
 275
 (168) 4,941
Corporate debt2 19,335
 1,145
 (553) 19,927
Preferred stock2 16,329
 383
 (524) 16,188
Mortgage-backed securities2 1,089
 240
 (23) 1,306
Common stock1 24,574
 3,376
 (3,119) 24,831
Mutual funds:         
Fixed Income2 1,200
 81
 
 1,281
Trust securities  $72,059
 $5,501
 $(4,387) $73,173
Accrued investment income  $716
     $716
Preneed cemetery trust investments        $73,889
Market value as a percentage of cost        101.5%
The estimated maturities of the fixed income securities included above are as follows (in thousands):
Due in one year or less$15
Due in one to five years2,718
Due in five to ten years5,751
Thereafter33,879
Total$42,363

The cost and fair market values associated with preneed cemetery trust investments at December 31, 2016 are detailed below (in thousands):
 Fair Value Hierarchy Level Cost 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accounts1 $10,852
 $
 $
 $10,852
Fixed income securities:         
Municipal bonds2 496
 18
 (4) 510
Foreign debt2 7,574
 160
 (656) 7,078
Corporate debt2 20,621
 1,569
 (1,123) 21,067
Preferred stock2 16,287
 8
 (947) 15,348
Mortgage-backed securities2 949
 372
 (4) 1,317
Common stock1 13,250
 2,191
 (1,838) 13,603
Mutual funds:         
Fixed income  1,223
 107
 
 1,330
Trust securities  $71,252
 $4,425
 $(4,572) $71,105
Accrued investment income  $729
     $729
Preneed cemetery trust investments        $71,834
Market value as a percentage of cost        99.8%
We determine whether or not the assetsoffset by changes in the preneed cemeteryfair value of our trust investments have an other-than-temporary impairment on a security-by-security basis. This assessment is made based upon a number of criteria, including the length of time a security has been in a loss position, changes in market conditions and concerns related to the specific issuer. If a loss is considered to be other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the security is adjusted downward to its fair market value. Any reduction in the cost basis of the investment due to an other-than-temporary impairment is likewise recorded as a reduction in fund liabilities (Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery receipts held in truston our Consolidated Balance Sheets. In the three months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a $0.1 million impairment for other-than-temporary declines and Care trusts’ corpus) and reflected in the fair value related to unrealized losses on certain investments. We did not record any impairments in the three months ended September 30, 2017. In the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a $0.8 million impairment and no impairments have been recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2017.Other, net. There is no impact on earnings until such time that the loss is realized in the trusts, allocated to preneed contracts and the services are performed or the merchandise is delivered, causing the contract to be withdrawn from the trust in accordance with state regulations.regulations and the gain or loss is allocated to the contract.
At September 30, 2017, we had certainWe rely on our trust investments to provide funding for the various contractual obligations that arise upon maturity of the underlying preneed contracts. Because of the long-term relationship between the establishment of trust investments and the required performance of the underlying contractual obligations, the impact of current market conditions that may exist at any given time is not necessarily indicative of our ability to generate profit on our future performance obligations.
Preneed Cemetery Trust Investments
The components of Preneed cemetery trust investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheet are as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Preneed cemetery trust investments, at market value$99,461 $101,990 
Less: allowance for contract cancellation(3,087)(3,233)
Preneed cemetery trust investments$96,374 $98,757 
- 13 -

The cost and market values associated with preneed cemetery trust investments at March 31, 2024 are detailed below (in thousands):
Fair Value Hierarchy LevelCostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accounts1$21,052 $— $— $21,052 
Fixed income securities:
U.S. agency obligations2664 — (56)608 
Foreign debt27,849 1,454 (14)9,289 
Corporate debt215,489 257 (2,508)13,238 
Preferred stock211,296 492 (1,790)9,998 
Certificates of deposit279 — (7)72 
Common stock134,679 2,459 (5,314)31,824 
Limited partnership fund3,611 301 — 3,912 
Mutual funds:
Equity1546 33 (21)558 
Fixed income212,490 34 (2,279)10,245 
Trust securities$107,755 $5,030 $(11,989)$100,796 
Accrued investment income$1,194 $1,194 
Preneed cemetery trust investments$101,990 
Market value as a percentage of cost93.5%
The estimated maturities of the fixed income securities (excluding mutual funds) included above are as follows (in thousands):
Due in one year or less$136 
Due in one to five years12,662 
Due in five to ten years3,303 
Thereafter17,104 
Total fixed income securities$33,205 
The cost and market values associated with preneed cemetery trust investments at December 31, 2023 are detailed below (in thousands):
Fair Value Hierarchy LevelCostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accounts1$9,643 $— $— $9,643 
Fixed income securities:
U.S. agency obligations2803 (51)753 
Foreign debt27,764 1,371 (17)9,118 
Corporate debt215,071 342 (3,657)11,756 
Preferred stock210,965 473 (1,572)9,866 
Certificate of deposit279 — (7)72 
Common stock143,057 9,466 (7,935)44,588 
Limited partnership fund3,575 — (3)3,572 
Mutual funds:
Equity1553 10 (30)533 
Fixed income211,369 16 (2,759)8,626 
Trust Securities$102,879 $11,679 $(16,031)$98,527 
Accrued investment income$934 $934 
Preneed cemetery trust investments$99,461 
Market value as a percentage of cost95.8%
- 14 -

The following table summarizes our fixed income securities (excluding mutual funds) within our preneed cemetery trust investments that had tax lots in an unrealized loss positions for more than one year. Based onposition at March 31, 2024, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):
March 31, 2024
In Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Greater than 12 monthsTotal
Fair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
U.S. agency obligations$— $— $608 $(56)$608 $(56)
Foreign debt— — 501 (14)501 (14)
Corporate debt685 (16)5,046 (2,492)5,731 (2,508)
Preferred stock941 (4)7,708 (1,786)8,649 (1,790)
Certificates of deposit— — 73 (7)73 (7)
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized loss$1,626 $(20)$13,936 $(4,355)$15,562 $(4,375)
The following table summarizes our analyses of thesefixed income securities the companies’ businesses and current market conditions, we determined that these investment losses were temporary in nature.
Our(excluding mutual funds) within our preneed cemetery trust investmentinvestments in an unrealized losses, their associated fair market values,loss position at December 31, 2023, aggregated by major security type and the durationlength of time in a continuous unrealized losses as of September 30, 2017 are shown in the following tableloss position (in thousands):
December 31, 2023
In Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Greater than 12 monthsTotal
Fair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
U.S. agency obligations$— $— $613 $(51)$613 $(51)
Foreign debt284 (5)209 (12)493 (17)
Corporate debt666 (62)4,239 (3,595)4,905 (3,657)
Preferred stock45 — 7,821 (1,572)7,866 (1,572)
Certificates of deposit— — 72 (7)72 (7)
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized loss$995 $(67)$12,954 $(5,237)$13,949 $(5,304)
 September 30, 2017
 In Loss Position Less than 12 months In Loss Position Greater than 12 months Total
 Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:           
Foreign debt$153
 $(2) $1,657
 $(166) $1,810
 $(168)
Corporate debt2,158
 (410) 624
 (143) 2,782
 (553)
Preferred stock273
 (2) 8,111
 (522) 8,384
 (524)
Mortgage-backed securities200
 (23) 
 
 200
 (23)
Common stock8,473
 (2,247) 1,936
 (872) 10,409
 (3,119)
Mutual Funds:           
Fixed Income
 
 
 
 
 
Total temporary impaired securities$11,257
 $(2,684) $12,328
 $(1,703) $23,585
 $(4,387)

Our preneed cemetery trust investment unrealized losses, their associated fair market values, and the duration of unrealized losses as of December 31, 2016 are shown in the following table (in thousands):
 December 31, 2016
 In Loss Position Less than 12 months In Loss Position Greater than 12 months Total
 Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:           
Municipal bonds$228
 $(4) $
 $
 $228
 $(4)
Foreign debt2,523
 (180) 2,868
 (475) 5,391
 (655)
Corporate debt6,939
 (233) 2,168
 (890) 9,107
 (1,123)
Preferred stock3,217
 (121) 11,635
 (826) 14,852
 (947)
Mortgage-backed securities51
 (5) 
 
 51
 (5)
Common stock2,608
 (202) 3,385
 (1,636) 5,993
 (1,838)
Total temporary impaired securities$15,566
 $(745) $20,056
 $(3,827) $35,622
 $(4,572)
Preneed cemetery trust investment security transactions recorded in Other, net on our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 wereare as follows (in thousands):
For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2016 2017 2016 2017
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Investment income
Investment income
Investment income$578
 $474
 $1,546
 $1,755
Realized gains126
 
 415
 2,215
Realized gains
Realized gains
Realized losses(673) 
 (4,081) (1,312)
Realized losses
Realized losses
Unrealized losses, net
Unrealized losses, net
Unrealized losses, net
Expenses and taxes(139) (336) (832) (1,213)
Decrease (increase) in deferred preneed cemetery receipts held in trust108
 (138) 2,952
 (1,445)
$
 $
 $
 $
Expenses and taxes
Expenses and taxes
Net change in deferred preneed cemetery receipts held in trust
Net change in deferred preneed cemetery receipts held in trust
Net change in deferred preneed cemetery receipts held in trust
$
$
$
Purchases and sales of investments in the preneed cemetery trusts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 wereare as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Purchases$(6,354)$(4,326)
Sales3,045 16,560 
- 15 -

 For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2017 2016 2017
Purchases$(1,434) $(915) $(19,540) $(19,355)
Sales$5,973
 $
 $18,003
 $13,189
Preneed Funeral Trust Investments
Preneed funeral trust investments represent trust fund assets that we are permitted to withdraw as services and merchandise are provided to customers. Preneed funeral contracts are secured by payments from customers, less retained amounts not required to be deposited into trust.
The components of Preneed funeral trust investments are reduced by the trust earnings we have been allowed to withdraw in certain states prior to our performance.
The components of Preneed funeral trust investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017 wereSheet are as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Preneed funeral trust investments, at market value$111,247 $113,377 
Less: allowance for contract cancellation(3,405)(3,544)
Preneed funeral trust investments$107,842 $109,833 
 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017
Preneed funeral trust investments, at market value$91,980
 $92,151
Less: allowance for contract cancellation(2,740) (2,707)
Preneed funeral trust investments, net$89,240
 $89,444
Upon cancellation of a preneed funeral contract, a customer is generally entitled to receive a refund of the corpus and in some instances, a portion of all earnings held in trust. In certain jurisdictions, we may be obligated to fund any shortfall if the amounts deposited by the customer exceed the funds in trust, including investment income. As a result, when realized or unrealized

losses of a trust result in the trust being underfunded, we assess whether we are responsible for replenishing the corpus of the trust, in which case a loss provision is recorded. At September 30, 2017, none of our preneed funeral trust investments were underfunded.
Earnings from our preneed funeral trust investments are recognized as revenue when a service is performed or merchandise is delivered. Trust management fees charged by CSV RIA are included in revenue in the period in which they are earned.
Where quoted prices are available in an active market, investments held by the trusts are classified as Level 1 investments pursuant to the three-level valuation hierarchy. Our Level 1 investments include cash, U.S. treasury debt and common stock. Where quoted market prices are not available for the specific security, then fair values are estimated by using quoted prices of similar securities in active markets or other inputs other than quoted prices that can corroborate observable market data. These investments are fixed income securities, including municipal bonds, foreign debt, corporate debt, preferred stocks, mortgage-backed securities and fixed income mutual funds and other investments, all of which are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. We review and update our fair value hierarchy classifications quarterly. There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. There are no Level 3 investments in the preneed funeral trust investment portfolio. See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for further information on the fair value measurement and the three-level hierarchy.
The cost and fair market values associated with preneed funeral trust investments at September 30, 2017March 31, 2024 are detailed below (in thousands):
Fair Value Hierarchy Level Cost 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Market
Value
Fair Value Hierarchy LevelFair Value Hierarchy LevelCostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accounts1 $15,636
 $
 $
 $15,636
Fixed income securities:        
U.S treasury debt1 1,490
 13
 (4) 1,499
U.S treasury debt
U.S treasury debt
Foreign debt
Foreign debt
Foreign debt2 4,882
 282
 (166) 4,998
Corporate debt2 20,244
 1,165
 (571) 20,838
Preferred stock2 16,837
 457
 (526) 16,768
Mortgage-backed securities2 1,273
 255
 (25) 1,503
Common stock1 24,488
 3,392
 (3,133) 24,747
Common stock
Common stock
Limited partnership fund
Mutual funds:        
Equity
Equity
Equity
Fixed income2 1,998
 87
 (38) 2,047
Other investments2 3,374
 
 
 3,374
Trust securities $90,222
 $5,651
 $(4,463) $91,410
Accrued investment income $741
     $741
Preneed funeral trust investments       $92,151
Market value as a percentage of cost       101.3%Market value as a percentage of cost95.1%
The estimated maturities of the fixed income securities (excluding mutual funds) included above are as follows (in thousands):
Due in one year or less$80 
Due in one to five years11,310 
Due in five to ten years2,962 
Thereafter15,466 
Total fixed income securities$29,818 
- 16 -

Due in one year or less$78
Due in one to five years4,320
Due in five to ten years6,208
Thereafter35,000
Total$45,606

The cost and fair market values associated with preneed funeral trust investments at December 31, 20162023 are detailed below (in thousands):

Fair Value Hierarchy LevelCostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accounts1$26,707 $— $— $26,707 
Fixed income securities:
U.S. treasury debt1451 — (34)417 
Foreign debt27,300 1,297 (16)8,581 
Corporate debt213,848 323 (3,255)10,916 
Preferred stock29,786 442 (1,468)8,760 
Common stock138,600 8,858 (6,855)40,603 
Limited partnership fund3,383 — (2)3,381 
Mutual funds:
Equity1401 (29)375 
Fixed income29,513 15 (2,383)7,145 
Other investments23,510 — — 3,510 
Trust securities$113,499 $10,938 $(14,042)$110,395 
Accrued investment income$852 $852 
Preneed funeral trust investments$111,247 
Market value as a percentage of cost97.3%
 Fair Value Hierarchy Level Cost 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accounts1 $22,787
 $
 $
 $22,787
Fixed income securities:         
U.S. treasury debt1 1,491
 21
 (10) 1,502
Municipal bonds2 447
 17
 (4) 460
Foreign debt2 7,692
 170
 (677) 7,185
Corporate debt2 21,454
 1,566
 (1,134) 21,886
Preferred stock2 17,037
 64
 (970) 16,131
Mortgage-backed securities2 1,165
 400
 (5) 1,560
Common stock1 13,675
 2,256
 (1,850) 14,081
Mutual funds:         
Fixed income2 2,124
 115
 (66) 2,173
Other investments2 3,463
 
 
 3,463
Trust securities  $91,335
 $4,609
 $(4,716) $91,228
Accrued investment income  $752
     $752
Preneed funeral trust investments        $91,980
Market value as a percentage of cost        99.9%
We determine whether or not the assets in the preneed funeral trust investments have other-than-temporary impairments on a security-by-security basis. This assessment is made based upon a number of criteria including the length of time a security has been in a loss position, changes in market conditions and concerns related to the specific issuer. If a loss is considered to be other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the security is adjusted downward to its fair market value. Any reduction in the cost basis of the investment due to an other-than-temporary impairment is likewise recorded as a reduction to Deferred preneed funeral receipts held in trust onThe following table summarizes our Consolidated Balance Sheets. In the three months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a $0.1 million impairment for other-than-temporary declines in the fair value related to unrealized losses on certain investments. We did not record any impairments in the three months ended September 30, 2017. In the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a $0.9 million impairment and no impairments have been recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. There is no impact on earnings until such time that the loss is realized in the trusts, allocated to preneed contracts and the services are performed or the merchandise is delivered, causing the contract to be withdrawn from the trust in accordance with state regulations.
At September 30, 2017, we had certain investmentsfixed income securities (excluding mutual funds) within our preneed funeral trust investments that had tax lotsinvestment in an unrealized loss positions for more than one year. Based onposition at March 31, 2024, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):
March 31, 2024
In Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Greater than 12 monthsTotal
Fair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
U.S. treasury debt$— $— $368 $(37)$368 $(37)
Foreign debt— — 464 (13)464 (13)
Corporate debt635 (14)4,423 (2,148)5,058 (2,162)
Preferred stock830 (4)6,817 (1,641)7,647 (1,645)
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized loss$1,465 $(18)$12,072 $(3,839)$13,537 $(3,857)
The following table summarizes our analyses of thesefixed income securities the companies’ businesses and current market conditions, we determined that these investment losses were temporary in nature.
Our(excluding mutual funds) within our preneed funeral trust investment in an unrealized losses, their associated fair market values,loss position at December 31, 2023, aggregated by major security type and the durationlength of time in a continuous unrealized losses as of September 30, 2017 are shown in the following tableloss position (in thousands):

December 31, 2023
In Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Greater than 12 monthsTotal
Fair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
U.S. treasury debt$— $— $371 $(34)$371 $(34)
Foreign debt269 (5)198 (11)467 (16)
Corporate debt630 (59)3,802 (3,196)4,432 (3,255)
Preferred stock— — 7,078 (1,468)7,078 (1,468)
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized loss$899 $(64)$11,449 $(4,709)$12,348 $(4,773)
- 17 -

 September 30, 2017
 In Loss Position Less than 12 months In Loss Position Greater than 12 months Total
 Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:           
U.S. treasury debt$837
 $(4) $
 $
 $837
 $(4)
Foreign debt170
 (4) 1,628
 (163) 1,798
 (167)
Corporate debt2,273
 (430) 609
 (141) 2,882
 (571)
Preferred stock191
 (6) 8,183
 (520) 8,374
 (526)
Mortgage-backed securities234
 (24) 9
 
 243
 (24)
Common stock8,497
 (2,241) 1,934
 (892) 10,431
 (3,133)
Mutual Funds:           
Fixed income79
 (1) 608
 (37) 687
 (38)
Total temporary impaired securities$12,281
 $(2,710) $12,971
 $(1,753) $25,252
 $(4,463)
Our preneed funeral trust investment unrealized losses, their associated fair market values, and the duration of unrealized losses as of December 31, 2016 are shown in the following table (in thousands):
 December 31, 2016
 In Loss Position Less than 12 months In Loss Position Greater than 12 months Total
 Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:           
U.S. treasury debt$834
 $(10) $
 $
 $834
 $(10)
Municipal bonds244
 (5) 
 
 244
 (5)
Foreign debt2,654
 (186) 2,905
 (490) 5,559
 (676)
Corporate debt6,977
 (215) 2,234
 (919) 9,211
 (1,134)
Preferred stock3,420
 (128) 11,750
 (842) 15,170
 (970)
Mortgage-backed securities55
 (5) 11
 (1) 66
 (6)
Common stock2,795
 (216) 3,390
 (1,634) 6,185
 (1,850)
Mutual funds:           
Fixed income97
 (7) 644
 (58) 741
 (65)
Total temporary impaired securities$17,076
 $(772) $20,934
 $(3,944) $38,010
 $(4,716)

Preneed funeral trust investment security transactions recorded in Other, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 wereare as follows (in thousands):
For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2016 2017 2016 2017
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Investment income
Investment income
Investment income$596
 $524
 $1,639
 $1,801
Realized gains131
 
 525
 2,296
Realized gains
Realized gains
Realized losses(716) (2) (4,090) (1,314)
Realized losses
Realized losses
Unrealized losses, net
Unrealized losses, net
Unrealized losses, net
Expenses and taxes(253) (390) (946) (1,106)
Decrease (increase) in deferred preneed funeral receipts held in trust242
 (132) 2,872
 (1,677)
$
 $
 $
 $
Expenses and taxes
Expenses and taxes
Net change in deferred preneed funeral receipts held in trust
Net change in deferred preneed funeral receipts held in trust
Net change in deferred preneed funeral receipts held in trust
$
$
$
Purchases and sales of investments in the preneed funeral trusts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 wereare as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Purchases$(6,063)$(4,003)
Sales2,943 15,118 
 For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2017 2016 2017
Purchases$(1,486) $(966) $(19,917) $(19,548)
Sales$6,336
 $23
 $19,005
 $13,266
Cemetery Perpetual Care Trust Investments
4.    PRENEED CEMETERY RECEIVABLES
Preneed sales of cemetery interment rights and related products and services are usually financed through interest-bearing installment sales contracts, generally with terms of up to five years, with such interest income reflected as Preneed cemetery finance charges. In substantially all cases, we receive an initial down payment at the time the contract is signed. At September 30, 2017, our total financed preneed receivables were $39.9 million, of which $29.3 million and $10.6 million were for cemetery interment rights and for merchandise and services, respectively. These amounts are presentedCare trusts’ corpus on our consolidated balance sheetConsolidated Balance Sheet represents the corpus of those trusts plus undistributed income. The components of Care trusts’ corpus are as $11.7 million within Accounts receivablefollows (in thousands):
December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Cemetery perpetual care trust investments, at market value$85,331 $87,802 
Obligations (due from) due to trust(980)198 
Care trusts’ corpus$84,351 $88,000 
The following table reflects the cost and $28.2 million within Preneed receivables and exclude unearned finance charges and allowance for contract cancellations. The unearned finance chargesmarket values associated with these receivables were $5.7 millionthe trust investments held in cemetery perpetual care trust funds at both DecemberMarch 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017.2024 (in thousands):
We determine an allowance for customer cancellations and refunds on contracts in which revenue has been recognized on sales of cemetery interment rights. We have a collections policy where past due notifications are sent to the customer beginning at 15 days past due and periodically thereafter until the contract is cancelled or payment is received. We reserve 100%
Fair Value Hierarchy LevelCostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accounts1$17,744 $— $— $17,744 
Fixed income securities:
Foreign debt27,116 1,239 (15)8,340 
Corporate debt213,736 258 (2,315)11,679 
Preferred stock210,239 415 (1,609)9,045 
Common stock129,301 2,135 (4,563)26,873 
Limited partnership fund3,047 254 — 3,301 
Mutual funds:
Equity1458 24 (18)464 
Fixed income211,167 78 (1,952)9,293 
Trust securities$92,808 $4,403 $(10,472)$86,739 
Accrued investment income$1,063 $1,063 
Cemetery perpetual care investments$87,802 
Market value as a percentage of cost93.5%
- 18 -

The estimated maturities of the receivables on contracts in which the revenue has been recognized and paymentsfixed income securities (excluding mutual funds) included above are 90 days past due or more, which was approximately 4.8% of the total receivables on recognized sales at September 30, 2017. An allowance is recorded at the date that the contract is executed and periodically adjusted thereafter based upon actual collection experience at the business level. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the change in the allowance for contract cancellations was as follows (in thousands):
Due in one year or less$— 
Due in one to five years10,687 
Due in five to ten years2,905 
Thereafter15,472 
Total fixed income securities$29,064 
The following table reflects the cost and market values associated with the trust investments held in cemetery perpetual care trust funds at December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Fair Value Hierarchy LevelCostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accounts1$6,688 $— $— $6,688 
Fixed income securities:
Foreign debt27,101 1,177 (18)8,260 
Corporate debt213,491 334 (3,367)10,458 
Preferred stock210,723 415 (1,435)9,703 
Common stock136,413 8,098 (6,580)37,931 
Limited partnership fund3,042 — (2)3,040 
Mutual funds:
Equity1467 (26)446 
Fixed income210,326 14 (2,382)7,958 
Trust securities$88,251 $10,043 $(13,810)$84,484 
Accrued investment income$847 $847 
Cemetery perpetual care investments$85,331 
Market value as a percentage of cost95.7%
The following table summarizes our fixed income securities (excluding mutual funds) within our cemetery perpetual care trust investment in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2024, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):
March 31, 2024
In Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Greater than 12 monthsTotal
Fair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
Foreign debt$— $— $622 $(15)$622 $(15)
Corporate debt578 (13)4,588 (2,302)5,166 (2,315)
Preferred stock757 (4)7,151 (1,605)7,908 (1,609)
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized loss$1,335 $(17)$12,361 $(3,922)$13,696 $(3,939)
- 19 -

 September 30, 2017
Beginning balance$1,861
Write-offs and cancellations(1,004)
Provision1,093
Ending balance$1,950
The following table summarizes our fixed income securities (excluding mutual funds) within our perpetual care trust investment in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):
The aging
December 31, 2023
In Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Greater than 12 monthsTotal
Fair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
Foreign debt$440 $(8)$178 $(10)$618 $(18)
Corporate debt567 (53)3,879 (3,314)4,446 (3,367)
Preferred stock— — 7,301 (1,435)7,301 (1,435)
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized loss$1,007 $(61)$11,358 $(4,759)$12,365 $(4,820)
Cemetery perpetual care trust investment security transactions recorded in Other, net on our Consolidated Statements of past due financing receivables as of September 30, 2017 wasOperations are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Realized gains$160 $1,306 
Realized losses(177)(426)
Unrealized losses, net(9,073)(6,069)
Net change in care trusts’ corpus9,090 5,189 
Total$— $— 
Cemetery perpetual care trust investment security transactions recorded in Other revenue are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Investment income$3,197 $3,129 
Realized losses, net(456)(374)
Total$2,741 $2,755 
Purchases and sales of investments in the cemetery perpetual care trusts are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Purchases$(4,401)$(3,649)
Sales2,210 14,661 
 
31-60
Past Due
 
61-90
Past Due
 
91-120
Past Due
 
>120
Past Due
 
Total Past
Due
 Current 
Total Financing
Receivables
Recognized revenue$866
 $393
 $190
 $1,205
 $2,654
 $26,517
 $29,171
Deferred revenue272
 145
 71
 387
 875
 9,900
 10,775
Total contracts$1,138
 $538
 $261
 $1,592
 $3,529
 $36,417
 $39,946

5.    9.RECEIVABLES FROM PRENEED FUNERAL TRUSTS
TheOur receivables from preneed funeral trusts represent assets in trusts which are controlled and operated by third parties in which we do not have a controlling financial interest (less than 50%) in the trust assets. We account for these investments at cost. As of December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017, receivablesReceivables from preneed funeral trusts wereare as follows (in thousands):
 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017
Preneed trust funds, at cost$14,658
 $15,780
Less: allowance for contract cancellation(440) (474)
Receivables from preneed trusts, net$14,218
 $15,306
December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Preneed funeral trust funds, at cost$22,196 $22,301 
Less: allowance for contract cancellation(666)(669)
Receivables from preneed funeral trusts, net$21,530 $21,632 
The following summary reflects the composition of the assets held in trust and controlled by third parties to satisfy our future obligations under preneed arrangements related to the precedingunderlying preneed funeral contracts at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.2023 and March 31, 2024. The cost basis includes reinvested interest and dividends that have been earned on the trust assets. Fair value includes the unrealized gains and losses on trust assets.
- 20 -

The composition of the preneed funeral trust funds at September 30, 2017 wasMarch 31, 2024 is as follows (in thousands):
Historical
Cost Basis
Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents$6,568 $6,568 
Fixed income investments12,665 12,665 
Mutual funds and common stocks3,064 2,815 
Annuities
Total$22,301 $22,052 
 
Historical
Cost Basis
 Fair Value
As of September 30, 2017   
Cash and cash equivalents$4,054
 $4,054
Fixed income investments9,218
 9,218
Mutual funds and common stocks2,492
 2,516
Annuities16
 16
Total$15,780
 $15,804
The composition of the preneed funeral trust funds at December 31, 2016 was2023 is as follows (in thousands):
Historical
Cost Basis
Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents$6,547 $6,547 
Fixed income investments12,732 12,732 
Mutual funds and common stocks2,913 2,695 
Annuities
Total$22,196 $21,978 
10.INTANGIBLE AND OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS
 
Historical
Cost Basis
 Fair Value
As of December 31, 2016   
Cash and cash equivalents$3,378
 $3,378
Fixed income investments8,809
 8,809
Mutual funds and common stocks2,455
 2,463
Annuities16
 16
Total$14,658
 $14,666
6.CEMETERY PERPETUAL CARE TRUST INVESTMENTS
Care trusts’ corpus on our Consolidated Balance Sheets represents the corpus of those trusts plus undistributed income. The components of Care trusts’ corpus as of December 31, 2016Intangible and September 30, 2017 were as follows (in thousands):
 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017
Trust assets, at market value$46,889
 $48,679
Obligations due from trust(599) (493)
Care trusts’ corpus$46,290
 $48,186
We are required by various state laws to pay a portion of the proceeds from the sale of cemetery property interment rights into perpetual care trust funds. The income earned from these perpetual care trusts offsets maintenance expenses for cemetery property and memorials. This trust fund income is recognized, as earned, in Revenues: Cemetery. Trust management fees charged by CSV RIA are included in revenue in the period in which they are earned. At September 30, 2017, none of our cemetery perpetual care trust investments were underfunded.
Where quoted prices are available in an active market, investments held by the trusts are classified as Level 1 investments pursuant to the three-level valuation hierarchy. Our Level 1 investments include cash and common stock. Where quoted market prices are not available for the specific security, then fair values are estimated by using quoted prices of similar securities in active markets or other inputs other than quoted prices that can corroborate observable market data. These investments are fixed income securities, including municipal bonds, foreign debt, corporate debt, preferred stock, mortgage-backed securities and fixed income mutual funds, all of which are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. We review and update our fair value hierarchy

classifications quarterly. There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. There are no Level 3 investments in the cemetery perpetual care trust investment portfolio. See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for further information of the fair value measurement and the three-level valuation hierarchy.
The following table reflects the cost and fair market values associated with the trust investments held in perpetual care trust funds at September 30, 2017 (in thousands):
 Fair Value Hierarchy Level Cost 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accounts1 $2,573
 $
 $
 $2,573
Fixed income securities:         
Foreign debt2 3,568
 211
 (117) 3,662
Corporate debt2 13,194
 768
 (368) 13,594
Preferred stock2 11,464
 260
 (368) 11,356
Mortgage-backed securities2 661
 147
 (14) 794
Common stock1 15,263
 1,985
 (2,021) 15,227
Mutual funds:         
Fixed Income2 909
 64
 
 973
Trust securities  $47,632
 $3,435
 $(2,888) $48,179
Accrued investment income  $500
     $500
Cemetery perpetual care investments        $48,679
Market value as a percentage of cost        101.1%
The estimated maturities of the fixed income securities included abovenon-current assets are as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Tradenames$28,862 $28,713 
Capitalized commissions on preneed contracts, net of accumulated amortization of $3,788 and $3,980, respectively4,678 4,715 
Prepaid agreements not-to-compete, net of accumulated amortization of $3,158 and $3,276, respectively1,335 1,269 
Internal-use software, net of accumulated amortization of $444 and $528, respectively2,422 2,835 
Other380 340 
Intangible and other non-current assets, net$37,677 $37,872 
Due in one year or less$9
Due in one to five years1,770
Due in five to ten years4,004
Thereafter23,622
 $29,405
Tradenames
The following table reflects the costOur tradenames have indefinite lives and fair market values associated with the trust investments held in perpetual care trust funds at December 31, 2016 (in thousands):therefore are not amortized.
 Fair Value Hierarchy Level Cost 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accounts1 $6,522
 $
 $
 $6,522
Fixed income securities:         
Municipal bonds2 365
 13
 (3) 375
Foreign debt2 5,100
 99
 (435) 4,764
Corporate debt2 13,715
 966
 (821) 13,860
Preferred stock2 11,323
 5
 (664) 10,664
Mortgage-backed securities2 569
 223
 (3) 789
Common stock1 8,259
 1,382
 (1,146) 8,495
Mutual funds:         
Fixed income2 855
 76
 
 931
Trust securities  $46,708
 $2,764
 $(3,072) $46,400
Accrued investment income  $489
     $489
Cemetery perpetual care investments        $46,889
Market value as a percentage of cost        99.3%
We determine whether or not the assets in the cemetery perpetual care trusts have an other-than-temporary impairment on a security-by-security basis. This assessment is made based upon a number of criteria including the length of time a security has been in a loss position, changes in market conditions and concerns related to the specific issuer. If a loss is considered to be other-

than-temporary, the cost basis of the security is adjusted downward to its fair market value. Any reduction in the cost basis due to an other-than-temporary impairment is also recorded as a reduction to Care trusts’ corpus. InDuring the three months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2024, two of the funeral homes that we recordedsold had a $0.1carrying value of tradenames of $0.2 million, impairment for other-than-temporary declineswhich was included in the fair value related to unrealized lossesloss on certain investments. We did not record any impairments in the three months ended September 30, 2017. In the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a $0.5 million impairmentsale and no impairments have been recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. There is no impactNet loss on earnings until such time that the loss is realized in the trusts, allocated to preneed contractsdivestitures, disposals and the services are performed or the merchandise is delivered, causing the contract to be withdrawn from the trust in accordance with state regulations.
At September 30, 2017, we had certain investments within our perpetual care trust investments that had tax lots in loss positions for more than one year. Based on our analyses of these securities, the companies’ businesses and current market conditions, we determined that these investment losses were temporary in nature.
Our perpetual care trust investment unrealized losses, their associated fair market values, and the duration of unrealized losses for the periods ended September 30, 2017 are shown in the following table (in thousands):
 September 30, 2017
 In Loss Position Less than 12 months In Loss Position Greater than 12 months Total
 Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:           
Foreign debt$93
 $(2) $1,138
 $(115) $1,231
 $(117)
Corporate debt1,435
 (276) 417
 (92) 1,852
 (368)
Preferred stock681
 (4) 5,475
 (364) 6,156
 (368)
Mortgage-backed securities121
 (14) 
 
 121
 (14)
Common stock5,393
 (1,466) 1,221
 (555) 6,614
 (2,021)
Mutual Funds:           
Fixed Income
 
 
 
 
 
Total temporary impaired securities$7,723
 $(1,762) $8,251
 $(1,126) $15,974
 $(2,888)
Our perpetual care trust investment unrealized losses, their associated fair market values, and the duration of unrealized losses for the periods ended December 31, 2016 are shown in the following table (in thousands):
 December 31, 2016
 In Loss Position Less than 12 months In Loss Position Greater than 12 months Total
 Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:           
Municipal bonds$137
 $(3) $
 $
 $137
 $(3)
Foreign debt1,619
 (120) 1,961
 (315) 3,580
 (435)
Corporate debt4,679
 (152) 1,439
 (669) 6,118
 (821)
Preferred stock2,038
 (77) 8,329
 (587) 10,367
 (664)
Mortgage-backed securities31
 (3) 
 
 31
 (3)
Common stock1,563
 (121) 2,004
 (1,025) 3,567
 (1,146)
Total temporary impaired securities$10,067
 $(476) $13,733
 $(2,596) $23,800
 $(3,072)

Perpetual care trust investment security transactions recorded in Other, net impairment charges on our Consolidated Statements of OperationsOperations.
Capitalized Commissions
We capitalize sales commissions and other direct selling costs related to preneed cemetery merchandise and services and preneed funeral trust contracts as these costs are incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Our capitalized commissions on preneed contracts are amortized on a straight-line basis over the average maturity period of ten years for our preneed funeral trust contracts and eight years for our preneed cemetery merchandise and services contracts.
Amortization expense was $0.2 million for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2023 and 2017 were as follows (in thousands):2024.
Prepaid Agreements
 For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2017 2016 2017
Realized gains$44
 $
 $156
 $925
Realized losses(261) 
 (1,943) (630)
Decrease (increase) in care trusts’ corpus217
 
 1,787
 (295)
Total$
 $
 $
 $
Perpetual care trust investment security transactions recorded in Revenues: Cemetery for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 were as follows (in thousands):
 For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2017 2016 2017
Investment income$1,523
 $1,539
 $4,503
 $4,831
Realized gain, net14
 (283) (444) (891)
Total$1,537
 $1,256
 $4,059
 $3,940
Purchases and sales of investments in the perpetual care trusts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 were as follows (in thousands):
 For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2017 2016 2017
Purchases$(936) $(556) $(12,888) $(12,430)
Sales$3,832
 $
 $11,702
 $8,390
7. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
We evaluate our financial assets and liabilities for those financial assets and liabilities that meet the criteria of the disclosure requirements and fair value framework. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and trade payables approximate the fair values of those instruments due to the short-term nature of the instruments. The fair values of receivables on preneed funeral and cemetery contracts are impracticable to estimate because of the lack of a trading market and the diverse number of individual contracts with varying terms. Our long-term debt and Credit Facility (as defined in Note 9) are classified within Level 2 of the Fair Value Measurement hierarchy. The fair values of our long-term debt and Credit Facility approximate the carrying values of these instruments based on the index yields of similar securities compared to U.S. Treasury yield curves. The fair value of the convertible subordinated notes due 2021 was approximately $179.9 million at September 30, 2017 based on the last traded or broker quoted price. We identified investments in fixed income securities, common stock and mutual funds presented within the preneed and perpetual care trust investment categories on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as having met the criteria for fair value measurement. As of September 30, 2017, we did not have any assets that had fair values determined by Level 3 inputs and no liabilities measured at fair value.
We account for our investments as available-for-sale and measure them at fair value under the standards of financial accounting and reporting for investments in equity instruments that have readily determinable fair values and for all investments in debt securities. See Notes 3 and 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for the fair value hierarchy levels of our trust investments.
8.     INTANGIBLE AND OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Intangibles and other non-current assets at December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017 were as follows (in thousands):
 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017
Prepaid agreements not-to-compete, net of accumulated amortization of $5,501 and $5,908, respectively$3,244
 $2,930
Tradenames11,663
 11,663
Other50
 23
Intangible and other non-current assets$14,957
 $14,616

Prepaid agreements not-to-compete are amortized over the term of the respective agreements, generally ranging generally from one to ten years. Amortization expense was approximately $106,000 and $135,000$0.1 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2023 and 2017, respectively,2024.
Internal-use Software
Internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis typically over three to five years. Amortization expense was $0.1 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2023 and $308,0002024.
- 21 -

The aggregate amortization expense for our capitalized commissions, prepaid agreements and $407,000internal-use software as of March 31, 2024 is as follows (in thousands):
Capitalized CommissionsPrepaid AgreementsInternal-use Software
Years ending December 31,
Remainder of 2024$645 $345 $297 
2025803 390 606 
2026737 262 597 
2027653 142 591 
2028582 78 450 
Thereafter1,295 52 294 
Total amortization expense$4,715 $1,269 $2,835 
11.CREDIT FACILITY AND ACQUISITION DEBT
At March 31, 2024, our senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) was comprised of: (i) a $250.0 million revolving credit facility, including a $15.0 million subfacility for letters of credit and a $10.0 million swingline, and (ii) an accordion or incremental option allowing for future increases in the facility size by an additional amount of up to $75.0 million in the aggregate in the form of increased revolving commitments or incremental term loans. The final maturity of the Credit Facility will occur on May 13, 2026.
Our obligations under the Credit Facility are unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by the same subsidiaries which guarantee the Senior Notes (as defined in Note 12) and certain of our subsequently acquired or organized domestic subsidiaries (collectively, the “Subsidiary Guarantors”).
The Credit Facility contains customary affirmative covenants, including, but not limited to, covenants with respect to the use of proceeds, payment of taxes and other obligations, continuation of the Company’s business and the maintenance of existing rights and privileges, and the maintenance of property and insurance, among others.
In addition, the Credit Facility also contains customary negative covenants, including, but not limited to, covenants that restrict (subject to certain exceptions) the ability of the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors to incur indebtedness, grant liens, make investments, engage in mergers and acquisitions, pay dividends and make other restricted payments, and certain financial maintenance covenants. At March 31, 2024, we were subject to the following financial covenants under our Credit Facility: (A) a Total Leverage Ratio not to exceed 5.50 to 1.00 and (B) a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility) of not less than 1.20 to 1.00 as of the end of any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters. These financial maintenance covenants are calculated for the nine months ended September 30, 2016Company and 2017, respectively. its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. We were in compliance with all of the covenants contained in our Credit Facility at March 31, 2024.
Our tradenames have indefinite livesCredit Facility and therefore are not amortized.
9.LONG-TERM DEBT
Our long-termacquisition debt consisted of the following at December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017(in thousands):
December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Credit Facility$179,100 $154,100 
Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $2,478 and $2,616, respectively(1,306)(1,168)
Total Credit Facility$177,794 $152,932 
Acquisition debt$5,998 $5,979 
Less: current portion(537)(599)
Total acquisition debt, net of current portion$5,461 $5,380 
 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017
Revolving credit facility, secured, floating rate$67,700
 $75,500
Term loan, secured, floating rate138,750
 130,313
Acquisition debt12,245
 11,348
Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $4,138 and $4,366, respectively(1,270) (1,043)
Less: current portion(13,021) (16,126)
Total long-term debt$204,404
 $199,992
As of September 30, 2017, we had a $300 million secured bank credit facility with Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent (the “Credit Agreement”), comprised of a $150 million revolving credit facility and a $150 million term loan (collectively, the “Credit Facility”). The Credit Facility also contains an accordion provision to borrow up to an additional $75 million in revolving loans, subject to certain conditions. The Credit Facility is collateralized by all personal property and funeral home real property in certain states.
As of September 30, 2017,At March 31, 2024, we had outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facilityCredit Facility of $75.5 million and approximately $130.3 million was outstanding on the term loan.$154.1 million. We havealso had one letter of credit issued on November 30, 2016 and outstandingfor $2.6 million under the Credit Facility for approximately $2.0 million, which bears interest at 2.125% andFacility. The letter of credit will expire on November 27, 2017. The letter of credit25, 2024 and is expected to automatically renewsrenew annually and secures our obligations under our various self-insured policies. Outstanding borrowingsAt March 31, 2024, we had $93.3 million of availability under the Credit Facility bearFacility.
- 22 -

The interest at either a prime rate or a LIBOR rate, plus an applicable margin based upon our leverage ratio. As of September 30, 2017, the prime rate margin was equivalent to 1.125%expense and the LIBOR margin was 2.125%. The weighted average interest rate on the Credit Facility for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was 3.4% and 3.1%, respectively.
We were in compliance with the covenants contained in the Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2017. The Credit Agreement contains key ratios that we must comply with, including a requirement to maintain a leverage ratio of no more than 3.50 to 1.00 and a covenant to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of no less than 1.20 to 1.00. As of September 30, 2017, the leverage ratio was 2.99 to 1.00 and the fixed charge coverage ratio was 1.89 to 1.00.
Amortizationamortization of debt issuance costs related to our Credit Facility are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Credit Facility interest expense$3,811 $3,916 
Credit Facility amortization of debt issuance costs138 138 
Outstanding borrowings under our Credit Facility bear interest at a prime rate or the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index (“BSBY”) rate, plus an applicable margin based on our leverage ratio. At March 31, 2024, the prime rate margin was approximately $0.1 millionequivalent to 2.375% and the BSBY rate margin was 3.375%. The weighted average interest rate on our Credit Facility was 7.9% and 8.9% for both the three months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2023 and 2017 and $0.3 million and $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017,2024, respectively. The unamortized debt issuance costs related to the Credit Facility are being amortized over the remaining term of the related debt using the effective interest method for our term loan and the straight line method for our revolving credit facility.
Acquisition debt consists of deferred purchase price and promissory notes payable to sellers.

10.CONVERTIBLE SUBORDINATED NOTES
On March 19, 2014, we issued $143.75 million aggregate principal amount A majority of 2.75% convertible subordinatedthe deferred purchase price and notes due March 15, 2021 (the “Convertible Notes”)bear no interest and are discounted at imputed interest rates ranging from 6.5% to 7.3%. The Convertible Notes bear interest at 2.75% per year. Interest on the Convertible Notes beganOriginal maturities typically range from five to accrue on March 19, 2014 and is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year.twenty years.
The carrying values of the liability and equity components of the Convertible Notes at December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017 are reflected inimputed interest expense related to our Consolidated Balance Sheetsacquisition debt is as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Acquisition debt imputed interest expense$71 $104 
 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017
Long-term liabilities:   
Principal amount$143,750
 $143,750
Unamortized discount of liability component(21,887) (18,687)
Convertible Notes issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $1,359 and $1,746, respectively$(2,268) $(1,881)
Carrying value of the liability component$119,596
 $123,182
    
Equity component carrying value$17,973
 $17,973
12. SENIOR NOTES
The carrying value of our 4.25% senior notes due 2029 (the “Senior Notes”) is reflected on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Long-term liabilities:
Principal amount$400,000 $400,000 
Debt discount, net of accumulated amortization of $1,309 and $1,441, respectively(3,191)(3,059)
Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $373 and $411, respectively(904)(866)
Carrying value of the Senior Notes$395,905 $396,075 
At March 31, 2024, the fair value of the ConvertibleSenior Notes, which are Level 2 measurements, was approximately $179.9 million$355.2 million.
The Senior Notes were issued under an indenture, dated as of May 13, 2021 (the “Indenture”), among the Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee. The Senior Notes are unsecured, senior obligations and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis, jointly and severally by each of the Subsidiary Guarantors. The Senior Notes mature on May 15, 2029, unless earlier redeemed or purchased and bear interest at September 30, 2017.4.25% per year, which is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning on November 15, 2021.
Interest expenseThe Indenture contains restrictive covenants limiting our ability and the ability of our Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the Indenture) to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares, create liens on certain assets to secure debt, pay dividends or make other equity distributions, purchase or redeem capital stock, make certain investments, sell assets, agree to certain restrictions on the Convertible Notes included contractual couponability of Restricted Subsidiaries to make payments to us, consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all assets, or engage in transactions with affiliates. The Indenture also contains customary events of default.
The interest expense and amortization of approximately $1.0 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2016debt discount and 2017 and $3.0 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017. Accretion of the discount on the Convertible Notes was $1.0 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, respectively, and $2.9 million and $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, respectively. Amortization of debt issuance costs related to our ConvertibleSenior Notes was approximately $0.1 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 and $0.4 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017.are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Senior Notes interest expense$4,250 $4,250 
Senior Notes amortization of debt discount127 132 
Senior Notes amortization of debt issuance costs36 38 
The initial conversion rate of the Convertible Notes, as of March 19, 2014, was 44.3169 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $22.56 per share of common stock. The adjusted conversion rate of the Convertible Notes, in effect at September 30, 2017, is 44.5392 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, equivalent to an adjusted conversion price of approximately $22.45 per share of common stock.
The unamortizeddebt discount and the unamortized debt issuance costs are being amortized using the effective interest method over the remaining term of approximately 62 months of the ConvertibleSenior Notes. The effective interest rate on the unamortized debt discount and the
- 23 -

unamortized debt issuance costs for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 was 6.75% and 2.75%, respectively.

11.STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
Stock-Based Compensation Plans
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we had two stock benefits plans in effect under which restricted stock, stock options and performance awards have been granted or remain outstanding: the Second Amended and Restated 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Amended and Restated 2006 Plan”) and the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). The Amended and Restated 2006 Plan was terminated upon the approval of the 2017 Plan at the annual shareholders meeting on May 17, 2017. The termination of the Amended and Restated 2006 Plan does not affect the awards previously issued and outstanding.
All stock-based plans are administered by the Compensation Committee appointed by our Board of Directors (the “Board”). The 2017 Plan providesSenior Notes for grants of options as non-qualified options or incentive stock options, restricted stock and performance awards. The 2017 Plan expires on May 17, 2027.
The status of each of the plans at September 30, 2017 is as follows (shares in thousands):
 Shares
Reserved
 Shares
Available to
Issue
 Options
Outstanding
 
Performance Awards Outstanding (2)
Amended and Restated 2006 Plan
 
 1,929
 319
2017 Plan1,571
(1) 
1,541
 16
 9
      Total1,571
 1,541
 1,945
 328
(1)Amount includes approximately 17,500 shares granted from the Amended and Restated 2006 Plan that were returned to the Company due to cancellations.
(2)Performance Awards are reserved at 200% of shares granted which is equal to the maximum payout in shares.
Restricted Stock
We did not issue any restricted stock duringboth the three months ended September 30, 2017. During the second quarterMarch 31, 2023 and 2024 was 4.42% and 4.30%, respectively.
13.LEASES
Our lease obligations consist of 2017,operating and finance leases related to real estate, vehicles and equipment. The components of lease cost are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
Income Statement Classification20232024
Operating lease cost
Facilities and grounds expense(1)
$875 $978 
Short-term lease cost
Facilities and grounds expense(1)
94 18 
Variable lease cost
Facilities and grounds expense(1)
58 104 
Finance lease cost:
Depreciation of leased assets
Depreciation and amortization(2)
$108 $126 
Interest on lease liabilitiesInterest expense105 125 
Total finance lease cost213 251 
Total lease cost$1,240 $1,351 
(1)
Facilities and grounds expense is included within Cost of service and General, administrative and other on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(2)
Depreciation and amortization expense is included within Field depreciation expense and General, administrative and other on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Supplemental cash flow information related to our leases is as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Cash paid for operating leases included in operating activities$951 $1,071 
Cash paid for finance leases included in financing activities223 277 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new leases is as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities$908 $852 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities— — 
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows (in thousands):
Lease TypeBalance Sheet ClassificationDecember 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOperating lease right-of-use assets$16,295 $16,512 
Finance lease right-of-use assetsProperty, plant and equipment, net$8,249 $7,870 
Accumulated depreciationProperty, plant and equipment, net(3,059)(3,162)
Finance lease right-of-use assets, net$5,190 $4,708 
Operating lease current liabilitiesCurrent portion of operating lease obligations$2,713 $2,840 
Finance lease current liabilitiesCurrent portion of finance lease obligations592 514 
Total current lease liabilities$3,305 $3,354 
Operating lease non-current liabilitiesObligations under operating leases, net of current portion$15,797 $15,802 
Finance lease non-current liabilitiesObligations under finance leases, net of current portion5,831 5,434 
Total non-current lease liabilities$21,628 $21,236 
Total lease liabilities$24,933 $24,590 
- 24 -

The average lease terms and discount rates at March 31, 2024 are as follows:
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases7.68.1 %
Finance leases10.48.3 %
The aggregate future lease payments for non-cancelable operating and finance leases at March 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):
OperatingFinance
Lease payments due:
Remainder of 2024$3,210 $774 
20253,960 964 
20263,824 974 
20273,583 974 
20283,314 723 
Thereafter6,854 4,512 
Total lease payments24,745 8,921 
Less: Interest(6,103)(2,973)
Present value of lease liabilities$18,642 $5,948 
At March 31, 2024, we issued 5,000had no significant operating or finance leases that had not yet commenced.
14.STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
Restricted Stock
Restricted stock activity is as follows (in thousands, except shares):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
SharesFair ValueSharesFair Value
Granted(1)
142,020 $4,634 156,630 $3,834 
Returned for payroll taxes1,434 $49 16,315 $418 
Cancelled2,400 $79 26,240 $841 
(1)Restricted stock granted during the three months ended March 31 2023 and 2024 vests over a three-year period, if the employee has remained continuously employed by us during the vesting period, at a weighted average stock price of $32.63 and $24.48, respectively.
We recorded stock-based compensation expense, which is included in General, administrative and other expenses, for restricted stock awards of $0.2 million and $0.5 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively.
Stock Options
Stock option grants to a new employee of the leadership team that vest over a five-year period with an aggregate grant date market value of approximately $0.1 million. During the first quarter of 2017, we issued a total of 22,250 restricted stock grants thatand cancellations are as follows (in thousands, except shares):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
SharesFair ValueSharesFair Value
Granted(1)
214,191 $2,506 370,590 $3,830 
Cancelled92,440 $1,231 294,728 $3,757 
(1)Stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024 had a weighted average price of $32.69 and $24.48, respectively. The fair value of these options was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The options granted in 2023 and 2024 vest over a three-year period with an aggregate grant date market value of approximately $0.6 million.
During the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, we recorded a benefit of $21,000 and $174,000 of pre-tax compensation expense, respectively, related to the vesting of restricted stock awards, which is included in general, administrative and other expenses. The benefit was primarily related to the cancellation of 50,000 unvested restricted stock for a former executive. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, we recorded pre-tax compensation expense of approximately $0.5 million for both periods.
As of September 30, 2017, we had approximately $1.3 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested restricted stock awards, which are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.7 years.
Stock Options
As of September 30, 2017, there were 1,945,656 stock options outstanding and 708,379 stock options which remain unvested. We did not grant any options during the three months ended September 30, 2017. During the second quarter of 2017, we granted 16,250 options to a new employee of the leadership team at an exercise price of $26.89. These options will vest in one-fifth increments over a five-year period and have a ten-year term. These options will vest if the employee has remained continuously employed by us through the vesting period.
- 25 -

The fair value of the options granted during the second quarter of 2017 was approximately $0.1 million. During the first quarter of 2017, we granted 445,450 options to our leadership team and certain key employees at a weighted average exercise price of $26.54. These options will vest in one-fifth increments over a five-year period and have a ten-year term. The fair value of the total options granted during the first quarter of 2017 was approximately $3.2 million.
During the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, weMarch 31, 2024 was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:
Grant DateFebruary 21, 2024
Expected holding period (years)6.00
Awards granted370,590
Dividend yield1.79%
Expected volatility43.59%
Risk-free interest rate4.31%
Black-Scholes value$10.34
Additional stock option activity is as follows (in thousands, except shares):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
SharesCashSharesCash
Exercised(1)
12,000 N/A— N/A
Returned for option price(2)
10,145 $— — $— 
Returned for payroll taxes(3)
729 $21 — $— 
(1)Stock options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2023 had a weighted average exercise price of $25.43 with an aggregate intrinsic value of $0.1 million.
(2)Represents shares withheld/cash received for the payment of the option price.
(3)Represents shares withheld/cash paid for the payment of payroll taxes.
We recorded approximately $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of pre-tax stock-based compensation expense, which is included in General, administrative and other expenses, for stock options. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, we recorded approximately $1.4options of $0.7 million and $1.2$0.2 million, respectively, of pre-tax compensation expense for stock options.

Performance Awards
We did not grant any performance awards during the three months ended September 30, 2017. During the second quarter of 2017, we granted 4,500 performance awards to a new employee of the leadership team, payable in shares. The fair value of these performance awards granted during the second quarter of 2017 was approximately $0.1 million. These awards will vest (if at all) on June 30, 2022, provided that certain criteria surrounding Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA (Adjusted Earnings Before Interest Tax Depreciation and Amortization) and Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA Margin performance is achieved and the individual has remained continuously employed by Carriage through such date. The Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA performance represents 50% of the award and the Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA Margin performance represents 50% of the award. During the first quarter of 2017, we granted 101,040 performance awards to our leadership team and certain key employees, payable in shares. The fair value of these performance awards granted during the first quarter of 2017 was approximately $2.7 million. We recorded pre-tax compensation expense for performance awards totaling $46,000 and $208,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2023 and 2017, respectively, and $154,000 and $465,000 for2024, respectively.
Performance Awards
Performance award activity is as follows (in thousands, except shares):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
SharesFair ValueSharesFair Value
Cancelled40,804 $1,119 80,276 $871 
For the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2023 and 2017, respectively.2024, we recorded stock-based compensation expense of $0.1 million and stock-based compensation benefit of $0.4 million, respectively, for performance awards, which is included in General, administrative and other expenses.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
During the third quarter of 2017, employees purchased a total of 11,525 shares of common stock through our employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) at a weighted average price of $21.76 per share. We recorded pre-tax stock-based compensation expense for the ESPP totaling approximately $53,000 and $60,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, respectively, and $197,000 and $204,000 for both the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017.activity is as follows (in thousands, except shares):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
SharesPriceSharesPrice
ESPP21,656 $24.28 16,296 $21.26 
The fair value of the optionright (option) to purchase shares under the ESPP is estimated onat the date of grant (January 1 of each year) associatedpurchase with the four quarterly purchase dates using the following assumptions:
2024
Dividend yield1.84%
Expected volatility201741.15%
Dividend yield0.82%
Expected volatility18.82%
Risk-free interest rate0.53%5.46%, 0.65%5.24%, 0.77%5.02%, 0.89%
4.80%
Expected life (years)0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00
Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility during the previous twelve months of the underlying common stock. The risk-free rate for the quarterly purchase periods is based on the U.S. Treasury yields in effect at the time of the purchase. The expected life of the ESPP grants represents the calendar quarters from the beginning of the year to the purchase date (end of each quarter).
Director Compensation
We recorded pre-taxstock-based compensation expense, related to director compensation, which is included in general,General, administrative and other expenses and Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs, for the ESPP totaling $90,000$0.3 million and $0.2 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2023 and 2017, respectively,2024, respectively.
- 26 -

Common Stock
Former Employee
Common stock activity is as follows (in thousands, except shares):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
SharesFair ValueSharesFair Value
Granted(1)
30,000 $826 — $— 
Returned for payroll taxes1,001 $28 — $— 
(1)During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we issued 30,000 shares of common stock to a former executive at a stock price of $27.54, in accordance with his Separation and Release agreement pertaining to his resignation from his position as the Company’s Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer effective January 2, 2023.
We recorded stock-based compensation expense, which is included in General, administrative and $302,000 and $271,000other expenses, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, respectively.
Share Repurchase
On February 25, 2016, our Board approved a share repurchase program authorizing us to purchase up to an aggregate of $25.0 million of our common stock in accordance with Rule 10b-18awards of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). During$0.8 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, we repurchased 574,054 sharesMarch 31, 2023.
Good To Great Incentive Program
Common stock issued to certain employees under this incentive program is as follows (in thousands, except shares):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
SharesFair ValueSharesFair Value
Granted(1)
8,444 $276 31,470 $790 
(1)Common stock granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024 had a grant date stock price of $32.69 and $25.08, respectively.
Non-Employee Director and Board Advisor Compensation
Non-Employee Director and Board Advisor common stock activity is as follows (in thousands, except shares):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
SharesFair ValueSharesFair Value
Board of Directors(1)
3,518 $107 3,999 $108 
Advisor to the Board(1)
163 $184 $
(1)Common stock granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024 had a weighted average price of $30.52 and $27.04, respectively.
We recorded compensation expense, which is included in General, administrative and other expenses, related to annual retainers, including the value of stock granted to non-employee Directors and an advisor to our Board, of $0.2 million and $0.5 million for a total cost of $14.0 million at an average cost of $24.35 per share pursuant to this share repurchase program. the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively.
Share Repurchase
We did not repurchase any shares of common stock in the first or second quarter of 2017. Our shares were purchased in the open market. Purchases were at times and in amounts as management determined appropriate based on factors such as market conditions, legal requirements and other business considerations. Shares purchased pursuant to the repurchase program are currently held as treasury shares.
On August 18, 2017, we purchased 100,000 shares of our common stock from Melvin C. Payne, our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. The purchase of these shares was made pursuant to a privately negotiated transaction at a price of $23.85 per share for a total purchase price of $2.4 million. The purchase price was the stock's trading price at the time of the transaction. This purchase was not a part of the share repurchase program approved by the Board on February 25, 2016. The repurchase of the shares held by Mr. Payne was approved in advance by our Board, with Mr. Payne abstaining. See Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information on our related party transactions.

Cash Dividends
On July 26, 2017, our Board declared a dividend of $0.05 per share, totaling approximately $0.8 million, which was paid on September 1, 2017 to record holders of our common stock as of August 14, 2017. Forduring the three months ended September 30, 2016, we paid a quarterly dividend of $0.050March 31, 2023 and 2024. At March 31, 2024, our share repurchase program had $48.9 million authorized for repurchases.
Cash Dividends
Our Board declared the following dividends payable on the dates below (in thousands, except per share totaling approximately $0.8 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, we paid total dividends of approximately $1.7 million and $2.5 million, respectively.amounts):
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Our components of accumulated other comprehensive income are as follows (in thousands):
2024Per ShareDollar Value
March 1st
$0.1125 $1,686 
2023Per ShareDollar Value
March 1st
$0.1125 $1,661 
- 27 -
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Balance at December 31, 2016$
Increase in net unrealized gains associated with available-for-sale securities of the trusts2,849
Reclassification of net unrealized gain activity attributable to the Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery receipts held in trust and Care trusts’ corpus

(2,849)
Balance at September 30, 2017$
12.15.EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 (in thousands, except per share data):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income$8,844 $6,973 
Less: Earnings allocated to unvested restricted stock(71)(101)
Income attributable to common stockholders$8,773 $6,872 
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per common share – weighted average shares outstanding14,758 14,876 
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options99 17 
Performance awards611 416 
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share – weighted average shares outstanding15,468 15,309 
Basic earnings per common share:$0.59 $0.46 
Diluted earnings per common share:$0.57 $0.45 
 For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2017 2016 2017
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:       
Net income$5,683
 $3,038
 $15,454
 $14,532
Less: Earnings allocated to unvested restricted stock(25) (10) (76) (52)
Income attributable to common stockholders$5,658
 $3,028
 $15,378
 $14,480
        
Denominator:       
Denominator for basic earnings per common share - weighted average shares outstanding16,529
 16,476
 16,502
 16,575
Effect of dilutive securities:       
Stock options273
 335
 260
 332
Convertible subordinated notes299
 787
 200
 980
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share - weighted average shares outstanding17,101
 17,598
 16,962
 17,887
        
Basic earnings per common share:$0.34
 $0.18
 $0.93
 $0.87
Diluted earnings per common share:$0.33
 $0.17
 $0.91
 $0.81
The fully diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and the corresponding calculation of fully diluted earnings per share, include approximately 787,000 and 980,000 shares that would have been issued upon the conversion of our convertible subordinated notes as a result of the application of the if-converted method prescribed by the FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. There were 299,000 and 200,000 shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 that would have been issued upon conversion under the if-converted method.
For the both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 approximately 455,000 and 320,000 stockStock options were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the inclusion of such stock options would result in an antidilutive effect. Foreffect are as follows:
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Antidilutive stock options1,129,210 1,564,656 
Our performance awards are considered to be contingently issuable shares because their issuance is contingent upon the bothsatisfaction of certain performance and service conditions. At March 31, 2024, we had satisfied certain performance criteria for the threefirst, second and nine months ended September 30, 2016, no stock options were excluded fromthird predetermined growth targets of our performance awards to be considered outstanding. Therefore, we included these awards in the computation of diluted earnings per share.share as of the beginning of the reporting period.

13.MAJOR SEGMENTS OF BUSINESS16.SEGMENT REPORTING
We conduct funeral and cemetery operations only in the United States. Revenue, disaggregated by major source for each of our reportable segments was as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31, 2024
FuneralCemeteryTotal
Services$44,807 $4,892 $49,699 
Merchandise22,659 4,140 26,799 
Cemetery property— 18,703 18,703 
Other revenue4,365 3,927 8,292 
Total$71,831 $31,662 $103,493 

Three months ended March 31, 2023
FuneralCemeteryTotal
Services$43,602 $4,605 $48,207 
Merchandise22,969 3,934 26,903 
Cemetery property— 13,108 13,108 
Other revenue3,514 3,782 7,296 
Total$70,085 $25,429 $95,514 

- 28 -

The following table presents revenues from operations,operating income (loss) from operations, income (loss) before income taxes and total assets by segment (in thousands):
FuneralCemeteryCorporateConsolidated
Operating income (loss):
Three months ended March 31, 2024$23,074 $12,642 $(16,239)$19,477 
Three months ended March 31, 202322,192 8,613 (10,171)20,634 
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Three months ended March 31, 2024$22,869 $12,709 $(24,856)$10,722 
Three months ended March 31, 202322,333 8,672 (18,659)12,346 
Total assets:
March 31, 2024$790,358 $452,517 $17,644 $1,260,519 
December 31, 2023802,368 448,018 17,666 1,268,052 
- 29 -
 Funeral Cemetery Corporate Consolidated
Revenues from operations:       
Three months ended September 30, 2017$47,329
 $13,725
 $
 $61,054
Three months ended September 30, 2016$45,183
 $14,957
 $
 $60,140
        
Nine months ended September 30, 2017$150,279
 $42,784
 $
 $193,063
Nine months ended September 30, 2016$140,952
 $44,384
 $
 $185,336
        
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes:       
Three months ended September 30, 2017$12,394
 $3,002
 $(10,836) $4,560
Three months ended September 30, 2016$13,478
 $4,327
 $(10,231) $7,574
        
Nine months ended September 30, 2017$45,414
 $11,609
 $(33,208) $23,815
Nine months ended September 30, 2016$44,322
 $12,875
 $(33,337) $23,860
        
Total assets:       
September 30, 2017$637,075
 $245,674
 $4,297
 $887,046
December 31, 2016$634,145
 $241,621
 $9,303
 $885,069


14.17.SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Balance Sheet

The following table presents the detail of certain balance sheet accounts as of December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017 (in thousands):
December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Prepaid and other current assets:
Prepaid expenses$3,779 $3,767 
Federal income tax receivable454 — 
State income tax receivable421 — 
Other current assets137 138 
Total prepaid and other current assets$4,791 $3,905 
Current portion of debt and lease obligations:
Acquisition debt$537 $599 
Finance lease obligations592 514 
Operating lease obligations2,713 2,840 
Total current portion of debt and lease obligations$3,842 $3,953 
Accrued and other liabilities:
Incentive compensation$13,156 $4,548 
Vacation3,647 3,758 
Unrecognized tax benefit3,382 3,405 
Insurance3,017 3,278 
Interest2,409 6,626 
Ad valorem and franchise taxes2,395 1,493 
Salaries and wages2,285 7,061 
Perpetual care trust payable1,358 1,529 
Employee meetings and award trips1,185 601 
Commissions1,144 1,258 
Income tax payable— 4,732 
Other accrued liabilities1,384 1,091 
Total accrued and other liabilities$35,362 $39,380 
Other long-term liabilities:
Incentive compensation$1,855 $917 
Other long-term liabilities— 1,025 
Total other long-term liabilities$1,855 $1,942 
Cash Flow
The following information is supplemental disclosure for the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Cash paid for interest$3,782 $4,083 
Cash paid for taxes230 461 
- 30 -
 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017
Other current assets:   
Income taxes receivable$1,932
 $671
Other current assets102
 93
Total other current assets$2,034
 $764
    
Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations:   
Term note$11,250
 $14,063
Acquisition debt1,771
 2,063
Capital leases246
 197
Total current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations$13,267
 $16,323
    
Other current liabilities:   
Income taxes payable$509
 $1,579
Deferred rent208
 232
Total other current liabilities$717
 $1,811
    
Accrued liabilities:   
Accrued salaries and wages$4,005
 $1,365
Accrued incentive compensation8,237
 4,864
Accrued vacation2,305
 2,614
Accrued insurance1,726
 2,053
Accrued interest1,235
 257
Accrued ad valorem and franchise taxes981
 2,314
Accrued commissions543
 410
Other accrued liabilities1,059
 1,417
Total accrued liabilities$20,091
 $15,294
    
Other long-term liabilities:   
Deferred rent$1,207
 $1,029
Incentive compensation575
 924
Contingent consideration785
 770
Total other long-term liabilities$2,567
 $2,723



15.RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
On August 18, 2017, we purchased 100,000 shares of our common stock from Melvin C. Payne, our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. These shares had been held by Mr. Payne prior to such repurchase for over one year. The purchase of these shares was made pursuant to a privately negotiated transaction at a price of $23.85 per share for a total purchase price of $2.4 million. The purchase price was the stock's trading price at the time of the transaction. These shares are currently held as treasury shares. This purchase was not a part of the share repurchase program approved by the Board on February 25, 2016. The repurchase of the shares held by Mr. Payne was approved in advance by our Board, with Mr. Payne abstaining.
16.SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On October 14, 2017, we completed construction of and began operating a new funeral home in Pennsylvania.
On October 25, 2017, our Board approved an increase in our quarterly dividend on our common stock from $0.050 to $0.075 per share, effective with respect to dividends payable on December 1, 2017 and later.
On October 25, 2017, our Board approved a $15.0 million increase in its authorization for repurchases of ourcommon stock in addition to the $25.0 million approved on February 25, 2016, bringing the total authorized repurchase amount to $40.0 million, in accordance with the Exchange Act.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain statements and information that may constitute forward-looking statements within the safe harbor provisionsmeaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements, other than statements of historical information, should be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Words such as “may”, “will”, “estimate”, “intend”, “believe”, “expect”, “seek”, “project”, “forecast”, “foresee”, “should”, “would”, “could”, “plan”, “anticipate” and other similar words or expressions may be used to identify forward-looking statements; however, the absence of these words does not mean that the statements are not forward-looking. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding any projections of earnings, revenues, asset sales,revenue, cash flow, investment returns, capital allocation, debt levels, equity performance, death rates, market share growth, cost inflation, overhead, including talent recruitment, field and corporate incentive compensation, preneed sales or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies, objectives and timing of management for future operations or financing activities, including, but not limited to, technology improvements, product development, capital allocation, organizational performance, execution of our strategic objectives and growth plan, planned divestitures, the ability to obtain credit or financing, anticipated integration, performance and other benefits of recently completed and anticipated acquisitions, and cost management and debt reductions; any statements of the plans, timing and objectives of management for future operations;acquisition and divestiture activities; any statements regarding future economic and market conditions or performance; any projections or expectations related to the conclusion of the Board's strategic review; any statements of belief; and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing and are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effect on us. The words “may”, “will”, “estimate”, “intend”, “believe”, “expect”, “seek”, “project”, “forecast”, “foresee”, “should”, “would”, “could”, “plan”, “anticipate” and other similar words or expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, which are generally not historical in nature. While management believes thatwe believe these forward-looking statementsassumptions concerning future events are reasonable as and when made, there can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we anticipate. All comments concerning our expectations for future revenuesrevenue and operating results are based on our forecasts for our existing operations and do not include the potential impact of any future acquisitions. Our forward-looking statements involve significant risks and uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or projections. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those summarized below:to:
our ability to find and retain skilled personnel;
the effects of our talent recruitment efforts, incentive and compensation plans and programs, including such effects on our Standards Operating Model and the Company’s operational and financial performance;
our ability to execute our strategic objectives and growth strategy;strategy, if at all;
the potential adverse effects on the Company's business, financial and equity performance if management fails to meet the expectations of competition;its strategic objectives and growth plan;
our ability to execute and meet the objectives of our High Performance and Credit Profile Restoration Plan, if at all;
the execution of our Standards Operating 4E Leadership and Strategic Acquisition Models;
the effects of competition;
changes in the number of deaths in our markets;markets, which are not predictable from market to market or over the short term;
changes in consumer preferences;preferences and our ability to adapt to or meet those changes;
our ability to generate preneed sales;sales, including implementing our cemetery portfolio sales strategy, product development and optimization plans;
the investment performance of our funeral and cemetery trust funds;
fluctuations in interest rates;rates, including, but not limited to, the effects of increased borrowing costs under our Credit Facility and our ability to minimize such costs, if at all;
the effects of inflation on our operational and financial performance, including the increased overall costs for our goods and services, the impact on customer preferences as a result of changes in discretionary income, and our ability, if at all, to mitigate such effects;
our ability to obtain debt or equity financing on satisfactory terms to fund additional acquisitions, expansion projects, working capital requirements and the repayment or refinancing of indebtedness;
our ability to meet the timing, objectives and expectations related to our capital allocation framework, including our forecasted rates of return, planned uses of free cash flow and future capital allocation, including share repurchases, potential strategic acquisitions, internal growth projects, dividend increases, or debt repayment plans;
our ability to meet the projected financial and equity performance goals of our full year outlook, if at all;
the timely and full payment of death benefits related to preneed funeral contracts funded through life insurance contracts;
the financial condition of third-party insurance companies that fund our preneed funeral contracts;
- 31 -

increased or unanticipated costs, such as merchandise, goods, insurance or taxes;taxes, and our ability to mitigate or minimize such costs, if at all;
our level of indebtedness and the cash required to service our indebtedness;
changes in federal income tax laws and regulations and the implementation and interpretation of these laws and regulations by the Internal Revenue Service;
effects of the application of other applicable laws and regulations, including changes in such regulations or the interpretation thereof;
the potential impact of epidemics and pandemics, such as the COVID-19 coronavirus, including any new or emerging public health threats, on customer preferences and on our business;
government, social, business and other actions that have been and will be taken in response to pandemics and epidemics, such as those that were taken with the COVID-19 coronavirus, including potential responses to any new or emerging public health threats;
effects and expense of litigation;
consolidation in the funeral and cemetery industry;
our ability to identify and consummate strategic acquisitions, if at all, and successfully integrate acquired businesses with our existing businesses, including expected performance and financial improvements related thereto;
potential adverse impacts resulting from shareholder or market perceptions of our recent announcement regarding the deathcareconclusion of our Board’s review of potential strategic alternatives;
economic, financial and stock market fluctuations;
interruptions or security lapses of our information technology, including any cybersecurity or ransomware incidents;
adverse developments affecting the financial services industry;
acts of war or terrorists acts and the governmental or military response to such acts;
our failure to maintain effective control over financial reporting; and
other factors and uncertainties inherent in the deathcarefuneral and cemetery industry.

For additional information regarding known material factors that could cause our actual results to differ from our projected results, please see (i) Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and (ii) Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2023.
ReadersInvestors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date they are made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

- 32 -

Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
OVERVIEW
General
Carriage Services, Inc. (“Carriage,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) was incorporated in the State of Delaware in December 1993 and is a leading provider of funeral and cemetery services and merchandise in the United States. We operate in two business segments: funeral homeFuneral Home operations, which currently accountaccounts for approximately 78%70% of our revenues,total revenue, and cemeteryCemetery operations, which accountcurrently accounts for approximately 22%30% of our revenues.
total revenue. At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2024, we operated 171165 funeral homes in 2826 states and 3231 cemeteries in 11 states. We compete with other publicpublicly held, privately held and independent operators of funeral and cemetery companies and smaller, independent operators. We believe we are a market leader in most of our markets. We provide funeral and cemetery services and products on both an “at-need” (time of death) and “preneed” (planned prior to death) basis.companies.
Our funeral homes offer a complete rangehome operations are principally service businesses that generate revenue from sales of high value personalburial and cremation services to meet a family’s funeral needs, includingand related merchandise, such as caskets and urns. Funeral services include consultation, the removal and preparation of remains, the sale of caskets and related funeral merchandise, the use of funeral home facilities for visitation and remembrancememorial services and transportation services. We provide funeral services and products on both an “atneed” (time of death) and “preneed” (planned prior to death) basis.
Our cemeteries providecemetery operations generate revenue primarily through sales of cemetery interment rights (grave(primarily grave sites, lawn crypts, mausoleum spaces and mausoleum spaces) andniches), related cemetery merchandise such(such as memorial markers, and outer burial containers and monuments) and services (interments, inurnments and installation of cemetery merchandise). We provide cemetery services and products on both on an at-needatneed and preneed basis.
COMPANY DEVELOPMENTS
Board of Directors and Leadership Changes
On February 22, 2024, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of the Company announced the conclusion of the Company’s review of strategic alternatives, first announced on June 29, 2023, which was overseen by the Board with assistance from experienced financial advisors and legal counsel. On February 21, 2024, the Board voted to bring the strategic review process to a close. The Board unanimously determined that continuing to execute on the Company’s strategic plan as an independent, public company is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders at this time.
On February 22, 2024 (the “Transition Date”), the Company announced that Melvin C. Payne, the Company’s founder and former Chief Executive Officer, would cease to serve as Executive Chairman of the Board, but will remain on the Board until the Company’s 2024 annual meeting of stockholders, when the term for Class I directors is scheduled to expire. Beginning on the Transition Date, Mr. Payne began serving as a special advisor to the Board and senior management in a consulting role.
In connection with Mr. Payne’s termination of employment, the employment-related provisions of his Employment Agreement, dated as of November 5, 2019, with the Company (as amended prior to the Transition Date, the “Employment Agreement”) terminated on the Transition Date.
On February 21, 2024, the Company and Mr. Payne entered into a Transition Agreement (the “Transition Agreement”), setting forth the terms of his severance benefits and his consulting arrangement. Under the Transition Agreement, Mr. Payne is entitled to receive certain benefits, subject to the timely execution and non-revocation by Mr. Payne and his spouse of waiver and release agreements in connection with the Transition Date and the end of the 12-month consulting term set forth in the Transition Agreement (the “Releases”).
These payments and benefits include the following:
• Salary continuation for 24 months of $2.0 million;
• 2023 annual bonus of $1.25 million;
• Prorated 2024 bonus of $181,500;
• Prorated settlement of performance awards of $3.0 million payable in cash;
• Consulting payments of $1.0 million;
• Payments for maintaining health benefits for Mr. Payne and his spouse for up to 36 months; and
• Reimbursement of legal expenses up to $35,000.
All of the payments and benefits provided under the Transition Agreement are subject to Mr. Payne’s continued compliance with certain confidentiality, non-competition, non-solicitation and non-disparagement provisions of the Employment Agreement, as well as compliance by Mr. Payne and his spouse with their respective Releases. The Transition Agreement may be terminated by the Company upon the material breach of the Transition Agreement, the Employment Agreement or either of the Releases. Upon Mr. Payne’s death, any consulting fee payments would be paid to his estate.
- 33 -

On March 7, 2024, upon the recommendation of the Corporate Governance Committee of the Company, the Board realigned the Company’s classes of directors to provide for equal apportionment among the three classes as a result of the previous announcement of Mr. Payne, a current Class I director, remaining on the Board until the Company’s 2024 annual meeting of stockholders, at which time his term will expire. To facilitate the class realignment, on March 7, 2024, Julie Sanders resigned from the Board as a Class II director (term expiring in 2025), and, effective as of March 7, 2024, was re-elected by the Board to serve as a Class I director until the Company’s 2024 annual meeting of shareholders. Ms. Sanders will continue to serve on the Audit, Compensation and Corporate Governance Committees of the Board.
On March 7, 2024, upon the recommendation of the Corporate Governance Committee of the Company, the Board elected Chad Fargason to serve as the Company’s first Non-Executive Chairman of the Board, effective on that date. The election of Mr. Fargason as the Board’s Non-Executive Chairman was as a result of the previous announcement of Mr. Payne ceasing to serve as Executive Chairman of the Board of the Company, effective February 22, 2024.
Effective March 25, 2024, Kathryn Shanley was appointed to serve as the Company’s Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer). In connection with the appointment of Ms. Shanley as the Company’s Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer), effective March 25, 2024, L. Kian Granmayeh ceased serving as the Company’s Principal Accounting Officer. Mr. Granmayeh continues to serve as the Company’s Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer).
Divestitures
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we sold six funeral homes and one cemetery for an aggregate of $10.9 million for a net loss of $1.5 million.
Inflationary and Macroeconomic Trends
During the first quarter of 2024, we experienced a stabilization of inflationary costs from our vendors and suppliers for merchandise and goods, particularly as it relates to utilities, funeral supplies and merchandise costs, with costs remaining flat when compared to the same period during 2023. Although we continue to experience higher variable interest rates under our Credit Facility, we anticipate lower borrowing costs as we continue prioritizing paying down our outstanding debt throughout the year. While we are encouraged by the stabilization of inflationary costs that we have experienced thus far in 2024, we are unable to forecast with any certainty whether inflationary costs will continue to moderate in future periods, as the ultimate scope and duration of these impacts remain unknown at this time. More broadly, the U.S. economy continues to experience the impact of several years of higher rates of inflation, which has impacted a wide variety of industries and sectors, with consumers facing rising prices. Such inflation may negatively impact consumer discretionary spending, including the amount that consumers are able to spend on our services, although we have not experienced any material impacts to date and our industry has been largely resilient to similar adverse economic and market environments in the past. Although we expect these trends to continue throughout the year, we will assess these impacts and take the appropriate steps, if necessary, to mitigate any changes in consumer preferences or additional cost increases, if possible.
During the first quarter of 2024, we experienced lower volumes as compared to prior years due to fluctuations in the death rate, although overall financial performance remains at or above prior reporting periods. Although we expect fluctuations in the death rate to continue, we are unable to predict or forecast the duration or variation of the death rate with any certainty. Regardless of these fluctuations in the death rate, we continue to focus on expanding market share, cost management and executing on our strategic operational plans.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Overview
Our business strategyprimary sources of liquidity and capital resources are internally generated cash flows from operating activities and availability under our Credit Facility (defined below).
We generate cash in our operations primarily from atneed sales and delivery of preneed sales. We also generate cash from earnings on our cemetery perpetual care trusts. Based on our recent operating results, current cash position and anticipated future cash flows, we do not anticipate any significant liquidity constraints in the foreseeable future. We have the ability to draw on our Credit Facility, subject to its customary terms and conditions. However, if our capital allocations and expenditures or acquisition plans change, we may need to access the capital markets or seek further borrowing capacity from our lenders to obtain additional funding and we may not be able to obtain such funding on terms and conditions that are acceptable to us. Further, to the extent operating cash flow or access to and cost of financing sources are materially different than expected, future liquidity may be adversely affected. For additional information regarding known material factors that could cause cash flow or access to and cost of finance sources to differ from our expectations, please read Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
- 34 -

Our plan is based on having strong, local leadership with entrepreneurial principles that isto remain focused on sustainable long term market share, revenue,integrating our recently acquired business and profitabilityprioritizing our capital allocation for debt repayments, the payment of dividends and debt obligations and internal growth in each local business.capital expenditures, which we expect to fund using cash on hand and borrowings under our Credit Facility, along with general corporate purposes, as allowed under our Credit Facility. We believe Carriage hasthat our existing and anticipated cash resources, including, as needed, additional borrowings or other financings that we may be able to obtain, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital requirements, capital expenditures, scheduled debt payments, commitments and dividends for the most innovativenext 12 months, as well as our long-term financial obligations.
Cash Flows
We began 2024 with $1.5 million in cash and ended the first quarter with $1.7 million in cash. At March 31, 2024, we had borrowings of $154.1 million outstanding on our Credit Facility compared to $179.1 million at December 31, 2023.
The following table sets forth the elements of cash flow (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Cash at beginning of the year$1,170 $1,523 
Net cash provided by operating activities25,869 19,703 
Acquisitions of businesses(44,000)— 
Proceeds from divestitures and sale of other assets1,275 10,877 
Proceeds from insurance claims421 46 
Capital expenditures(4,982)(3,551)
Net (cash used) provided by investing activities(47,286)7,372 
Net borrowings (payments) on our Credit Facility, acquisition debt and finance lease obligations22,773 (25,152)
Net proceeds from (payments for) employee equity plans428 (71)
Dividends paid on common stock(1,661)(1,686)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities21,540 (26,909)
Cash at end of the period$1,293 $1,689 
Operating Activities
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, cash provided by operating model inactivities was $19.7 million compared to $25.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decrease of $6.2 million primarily due to a $7.0 million withdrawal of realized capital gains and earnings from our preneed funeral and cemetery industry,trust investments received in the first quarter of 2023.
Investing Activities
Our investing activities, resulted in a net cash inflow of $7.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to a net cash outflow of $47.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $54.7 million.
Acquisition and Divestiture Activity
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we sold six funeral homes and one cemetery for an aggregate of $10.9 million.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we acquired a business consisting of three funeral homes, two cemeteries and one cremation focused business for $44.0 million. In addition, we sold one funeral home and two cemeteries for $0.8 million.
Capital Expenditures
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our capital expenditures (comprised of growth and maintenance spend) totaled $3.6 million compared to $5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decrease of $1.4 million.
- 35 -

The following tables present our growth and maintenance capital expenditures (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Growth
Cemetery development$2,118 $2,000 
Renovations at certain businesses906 362 
Other116 27 
Total Growth$3,140 $2,389 

Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Maintenance
General equipment and furniture$1,218 $623 
Facility repairs and improvements89 302 
Vehicles233 14 
Paving roads and parking lots156 60 
Other146 163 
Total Maintenance$1,842 $1,162 
Financing Activities
Our financing activities resulted in a net cash outflow of $26.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to a net cash inflow of $21.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decrease of $48.4 million. 
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we had net payments on our Credit Facility, acquisition debt and finance leases of $25.2 million and paid dividends of $1.7 million.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we had net borrowings on our Credit Facility, acquisition debt and finance leases of $22.8 million, offset by $1.7 million of dividends paid.
Share Repurchase
We did not repurchase any shares during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024. At March 31, 2024, our share repurchase program had $48.9 million authorized for repurchases.
Cash Dividends
Our Board declared the following dividends payable on the dates below (in thousands, except per share amounts):
2024Per ShareDollar Value
March 1st
$0.1125 $1,686 
2023Per ShareDollar Value
March 1st
$0.1125 $1,661 
Credit Facility, Lease Obligations and Acquisition Debt
The outstanding principal of our Credit Facility, lease obligations and acquisition debt at March 31, 2024 is as follows (in thousands):
March 31, 2024
Credit Facility$154,100 
Operating leases18,642 
Finance leases5,948 
Acquisition debt5,979 
Total$184,669 
- 36 -

Credit Facility
At March 31, 2024, our senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) was comprised of: (i) a $250.0 million revolving credit facility, including a $15.0 million subfacility for letters of credit and a $10.0 million swingline, and (ii) an accordion or incremental option allowing for future increases in the facility size by an additional amount of up to $75.0 million in the aggregate in the form of increased revolving commitments or incremental term loans. The final maturity of the Credit Facility will occur on May 13, 2026.
Our obligations under the Credit Facility are unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by the same subsidiaries which guarantee the Senior Notes (as defined in Note 12) and certain of our subsequently acquired or organized domestic subsidiaries (collectively, the “Subsidiary Guarantors”).
The Credit Facility contains customary affirmative covenants, including, but not limited to, covenants with respect to the use of proceeds, payment of taxes and other obligations, continuation of the Company’s business and the maintenance of existing rights and privileges, and the maintenance of property and insurance, among others.
In addition, the Credit Facility also contains customary negative covenants, including, but not limited to, covenants that restrict (subject to certain exceptions) the ability of the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors to incur indebtedness, grant liens, make investments, engage in mergers and acquisitions, pay dividends and make other restricted payments, and certain financial maintenance covenants. At March 31, 2024, we were subject to the following financial covenants under our Credit Facility: (A) a Total Leverage Ratio not to exceed 5.50 to 1.00 and (B) a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility) of not less than 1.20 to 1.00 as of the end of any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters. These financial maintenance covenants are ablecalculated for the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. We were in compliance with all of the covenants contained in our Credit Facility at March 31, 2024.
At March 31, 2024, we had outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility of $154.1 million. We also had one letter of credit for $2.6 million under the Credit Facility. The letter of credit will expire on November 25, 2024 and is expected to achieve through a decentralized, high performance culture operating framework linked with incentive compensation programs that attract top-quality industry talentautomatically renew annually and secures our obligations under our various self-insured policies. At March 31, 2024, we had $93.3 million of availability under the Credit Facility.
The interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs related to our organizationCredit Facility are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Credit Facility interest expense$3,811 $3,916 
Credit Facility amortization of debt issuance costs138 138 
Outstanding borrowings under our Credit Facility bear interest at a prime rate or the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index (“BSBY”) rate, plus an applicable margin based on our leverage ratio. At March 31, 2024, the prime rate margin was equivalent to 2.375% and the BSBY rate margin was 3.375%. The weighted average interest rate on our Credit Facility was 7.9% and 8.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively.
The interest payments on our remaining borrowings under the Credit Facility will be determined based on the average outstanding balance of our borrowings and the prevailing interest rate during that time.
Lease Obligations
Our Mission Statement states that “welease obligations consist of operating and finance leases. We lease certain office facilities, certain funeral homes, vehicles and equipment under operating leases with original terms ranging from one to twenty years. Many leases include one or more options to renew, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to forty years. In addition, we lease certain other funeral homes, vehicles and equipment under finance leases with original terms ranging from three and a half to forty years. At March 31, 2024, operating and finance lease obligations were $35.5 million, with $5.5 million payable within 12 months.
- 37 -

The components of lease cost are committedas follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Operating lease cost$875 $978 
Short-term lease cost94 18 
Variable lease cost58 104 
Finance lease cost:
Depreciation of leased assets$108 $126 
Interest on lease liabilities105 125 
Total finance lease cost213 251 
Total lease cost$1,240 $1,351 
Acquisition Debt
Acquisition debt consists of deferred purchase price and promissory notes payable to sellers. A majority of the deferred purchase price and notes bear no interest and are discounted at imputed interest rates ranging from 6.5% to 7.3%. Original maturities typically range from five to twenty years. At March 31, 2024, acquisition debt obligations were $9.2 million, with $0.9 million payable within 12 months.
The imputed interest expense related to our acquisition debt is as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Acquisition debt imputed interest expense$71 $104 
Senior Notes
At March 31, 2024, the principal amount of our 4.25% senior notes due in May 2029 (the “Senior Notes”) was $400.0 million. The Senior Notes were issued under an indenture, dated as of May 13, 2021 (the “Indenture”), among the Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee. The Senior Notes are unsecured, senior obligations and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis, jointly and severally by each of the Subsidiary Guarantors. The Senior Notes mature on May 15, 2029, unless earlier redeemed or purchased and bear interest at 4.25% per year, which is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning on November 15, 2021.
The Indenture contains restrictive covenants limiting our ability and the ability of our Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the Indenture) to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares, create liens on certain assets to secure debt, pay dividends or make other equity distributions, purchase or redeem capital stock, make certain investments, sell assets, agree to certain restrictions on the ability of Restricted Subsidiaries to make payments to us, consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all assets, or engage in transactions with affiliates. The Indenture also contains customary events of default.
The debt discount and the debt issuance costs are being amortized using the most professional, ethicaleffective interest method over the remaining term of approximately 62 months of the Senior Notes. The effective interest rate on the unamortized debt discount and highest qualitythe unamortized debt issuance costs for the Senior Notes for both the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024 was 4.42% and 4.30%, respectively.
At March 31, 2024, the fair value of the Senior Notes, which are Level 2 measurements, was $355.2 million.
The interest expense and amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs related to our Senior Notes are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Senior Notes interest expense$4,250 $4,250 
Senior Notes amortization of debt discount127 132 
Senior Notes amortization of debt issuance costs36 38 
At March 31, 2024, our future interest payments on our outstanding balance were $93.5 million, with $17.0 million payable within 12 months.
- 38 -

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
Below are our financial highlights (in thousands except for volumes and averages):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Revenue$95,514 $103,493 
Funeral contracts12,415 12,091 
Average revenue per funeral contract$5,527 $5,756 
Preneed interment rights (property) sold2,5043,437
Average price per preneed interment right sold$4,496 $4,849 
Gross profit$31,055 $37,262 
Net income$8,844 $6,973 
Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased $8.0 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, as we experienced a 37.3% increase in the number of preneed interment rights (property) sold, a 7.9% increase in the average price per interment right sold and a 4.1% increase in the average revenue per funeral contract, offset by a 2.6% decrease in funeral contract volume. The increase in cemetery revenue highlights the effectiveness of our preneed cemetery sales growth plan, as we continue to focus on executing our strategic goals. Additionally, despite the funeral contract volume decline due to the COVID-19 related pull forward effect, we increased our average revenue per funeral contract through the successful execution of our enhanced pricing strategy, which was the primary driver in funeral revenue growth this quarter.
Gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased $6.2 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to the increase in revenue from both our funeral and cemetery service organizationsegments, as well as the continued progress we have made successfully executing on our cost management initiatives this quarter.
Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 decreased $1.9 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, as the $6.2 million increase in profit contribution from our industry”businesses was offset by a $6.1 million increase in general, administrative and our Guiding Principles state our core values, which are comprised of:    other expenses and a $1.3 million increase in loss on divestitures.
honesty, integrity and quality in all that we do;
hard work, prideFurther discussion of accomplishment and shared success through employee ownership;
belief in the power of people through individual initiative and teamwork;
outstanding service and profitability go hand-in-hand; and
growth of the Company is driven by decentralization and partnership.
Our five Guiding Principles collectively embody our Being The Best high-performance culture, operating framework. Our operations and business strategy are built upon the execution of the following three models:
Standards Operating Model;
4E Leadership Model; and
Strategic Acquisition Model.

Standards Operating Model
Our Standards Operating Model is focused on growing local market share, people development,revenue and the key operatingcomponents of gross profit for our funeral home and financial metrics that drive long-term, sustainable revenue growthcemetery segments is presented under “– Results of Operations.”
Further discussion of general, administrative and improved earning powerother expenses, interest expense, income taxes and other components of our portfolio of businesses by employing leadershipincome and entrepreneurial principles that fit the nature of our high-value personal service business. Standards Achievement is the measure by which we judge the success of each business and incentivize our local managers and their teams. Our Standards Operating Model is not designed to produce maximum short-term earnings because we believe such performance is unsustainable and will ultimately stress the business, which very often leads to declining market share, revenues and earnings.expenses are presented under “– Other Financial Statement Items.”
4E Leadership Model
Our 4E Leadership Model requires strong local leadership in each business to grow an entrepreneurial, decentralized, high-value, personal service and sales business at sustainable profit margins. Our 4E Leadership Model is based upon principles established by Jack Welch during his tenure at General Electric, and is based upon 4E qualities essential to succeed in a high-performance culture: Energy to get the job done; the ability to Energize others; the Edge necessary to make difficult decisions; and the ability to Execute and produce results. To achieve a high level within our Standards in a business year after year, we require local Managing Partners that have the 4E Leadership skills to entrepreneurially grow the business by hiring, training and developing highly motivated and productive local teams.

Strategic Acquisition Model
Our Standards Operating Model led to the development of our Strategic Acquisition Model, which guides our acquisition strategy. Both models, when executed effectively, will drive long-term, sustainable increases in market share, revenue, earnings and cash flow. We believe a primary driver of higher revenue and profits in the future will be the execution of our Strategic Acquisition Model using strategic ranking criteria to assess acquisition candidates. As we execute this strategy over time, we will acquire larger, higher margin strategic businesses.
Our belief in our Mission Statement and Guiding Principles that define us and proper execution of the three models that define our strategy have given us the competitive advantage in any market in which we compete. We believe that we can execute our three models without proportionate incremental investment in our consolidation platform infrastructure and without additional fixed regional and corporate overhead. This gives us a competitive advantage that is evidenced by the sustained earning power of our portfolio as defined by our EBITDA margin.
REPORTING AND NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
We also present our financial performance in our “Operating“Condensed Operating and Financial Trend Report” (“Trend Report”) as reported in our earnings release for the quarter ending September 30, 2017 dated October 25, 2017three months ended March 31, 2024 issued on May 1, 2024, and discussed in the corresponding earnings conference call. ThisThe Trend Report is used as a supplemental financial measurement statement by management and investors to compare our current financial performance with our previous results and with the performance of other companies. We do not intend for this information to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for other measures of performance prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The Trend Report is a non-GAAP statement that also provides insight into underlying trends in our business.
Historically, the dynamic nature of the evolutionary process of building our culture, especially since launching the Good To Great Journey in the beginning of 2012, has led to a large number of charges such as severance and retirement, consulting and other activities, which are not core to our operations and as such, have been added back to GAAP earnings as “Special Items”. The Special Items are important to add back because of the transformational nature of major changes over the last several years within our Operations and Strategic Growth Leadership Team.
Accordingly, these non-GAAP Special Items will be comprised of only those charges materially outside the normal course of business. The number of these Special Items were minimal in 2016 and should continue to be minimal thereafter, which should result in major shrinkage of “the gap” between our GAAP and non-GAAP reported performance.
The non-GAAP financial measures in the Trend Report include such measures as “Special Items,” “Adjusted Net Income,” “Consolidated EBITDA,” “Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA,” “Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA Margin,” “Adjusted Free Cash Flow,” “Funeral Field EBITDA,” “Cemetery Field EBITDA,” “Funeral Financial EBITDA,” “Cemetery Financial EBITDA,” “Total Field EBITDA,” “Total Field EBITDA Margin,” “Operating Profit,” “Operating Profit Margin,” “Adjusted Basic Earnings Per Share” and “Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share.” These financial measurements are defined as GAAP items adjusted for Special Items and are reconciled to GAAP in our earnings release and on the Trend Reports posted on our website (www.carriageservices.com). Our presentation of these measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures in other companies’ reports.
The non-GAAP definitions we use are as follows:
Special Items are defined as charges or credits included in our GAAP financial statements that can vary from period to period and are not reflective of costs incurred in the ordinary course of our operations. Special Items are taxed at the federal statutory rate of 35% for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, except for the accretion of the discount on the Convertible Notes as thisBelow is a non-tax deductible item.
Adjusted Net Income is defined as net income plus adjustments for Special Items.
Consolidated EBITDA is defined as net income before income taxes, interest expenses, non-cash stock compensation, depreciation and amortization, and interest income and other, net.
Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA is defined as Consolidated EBITDA plus adjustments for Special Items.
Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA Margin is defined as Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA as a percentage of revenue.
Adjusted Free Cash Flow is defined as net cash provided by operations, adjusted by Special Items as deemed necessary, less cash for maintenance capital expenditures.
Funeral Field EBITDA is defined as Funeral Gross Profit, which is funeral revenue minus funeral field costs and expenses, less depreciation and amortization, regional and unallocated funeral costs and Funeral Financial EBITDA.

Cemetery Field EBITDA is defined as Cemetery Gross Profit, which is cemetery revenue minus cemetery field costs and expenses, less depreciation and amortization, regional and unallocated cemetery costs and Cemetery Financial EBITDA.
Funeral Financial EBITDA is defined as Funeral Financial Revenue less Funeral Financial Expenses.
Cemetery Financial EBITDA is defined as Cemetery Financial Revenue less Cemetery Financial Expenses.
Total Field EBITDA is defined as Gross Profit less depreciation and amortization, regional and unallocated costs.
Total Field EBITDA Margin is defined as Total Field EBITDA as a percentage of revenue.
Operating Profit is defined as Gross Profit, which is funeral and cemetery revenue minus funeral and cemetery field costs and expenses, less field depreciation and amortization and regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs.
Operating Profit Margin is defined as Operating Profit as a percentage of revenue.
Adjusted Basic Earnings Per Share is defined as GAAP Basic Earnings Per Share, adjusted for Special Items.
Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share is defined as GAAP Diluted Earnings Per Share, adjusted for Special Items.
We are providing below a reconciliation of Grossgross profit (a GAAP financial measure) to Operatingoperating profit (a non-GAAP financial measure) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Gross profit$31,055 $37,262 
Cemetery property amortization1,201 1,756 
Field depreciation expense3,357 3,467 
Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs5,437 3,842 
Operating profit(1)
$41,050 $46,327 
(1)Operating profit is defined as gross profit plus cemetery property amortization, field depreciation expense and regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs.
- 39 -

 For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2017 2016 2017
Gross profit$18,228
 $15,480
 $58,338
 $57,239
        
Field depreciation and amortization3,452
 3,601
 10,359
 10,719
Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs2,783
 3,937
 8,547
 9,845
Operating profit$24,463
 $23,018
 $77,244
 $77,803
WeOur operations are providing belowreported in two business segments: Funeral Home and Cemetery. Below is a breakdown of Operatingoperating profit (a non-GAAP financial measure) by Segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016segment (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Funeral Home$28,966 $30,602 
Cemetery12,084 15,725 
Operating profit$41,050 $46,327 
Operating profit margin(1)
43.0%44.8%
 For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2017 2016 2017
Funeral Home Segment$18,201
 $18,062
 $58,406
 $61,161
Cemetery Segment6,262
 4,956
 18,838
 16,642
Operating profit$24,463
 $23,018
 $77,244
 $77,803
(1)Operating profit margin is defined as operating profit as a percentage of revenue.
Further discussion of Operatingoperating profit for our Funeral Home and Cemetery Segments is presented herein under “Results of Operations.”


Financial Highlights
Three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to three months ended September 30, 2016
Total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $61.1 million and $60.1 million, respectively, which represents an increase of approximately $0.9 million, or 1.5%. Funeral revenue increased $2.1 million to $47.3 million, while cemetery revenue decreased $1.2 million to $13.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. For the quarter comparatives, we experienced a 3.3% increase in total funeral contracts and an increase in the average revenue per funeral contract of 1.8%. In addition, while we experienced a decrease of 6.3% in the number of preneed interment rights (property) sold, the average price per interment right sold increased 1.2%. Further discussion of revenue for our funeral home and cemetery segments on a same store and acquired basis is presented herein under “Results“– Results of Operations.”
Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2017 decreased $2.7 million, or 15.1%, to $15.5 million, from $18.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to a decline in preneed cemetery revenue and higher costs as a percentage of revenue in the six businesses we acquired in 2016. As these acquired businesses transition into our Standards Operating Model, we expect to see their gross profit margins rise towards those on a same store basis.
Further discussion of the components of Gross profit, excluding field depreciation and amortization and regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs is presented herein under “Results of Operations” within our funeral home and cemetery segments. Further discussion of field depreciation and amortization and regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs are presented herein under “Other Financial Statement Items.”
Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2017 decreased $2.6 million to $3.0 million, equal to $0.17 per diluted share, compared to net income of $5.7 million, equal to $0.33 per diluted share, for the three months ended September 30, 2016. Further discussion of general, administrative and other expenses, home office depreciation and amortization expense, interest expense, income taxes and other components of income and expenses are presented herein under “Other Financial Statement Items.”
Nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to Nine months ended September 30, 2016
Total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $193.1 million and $185.3 million, respectively, which represents an increase of approximately $7.7 million, or 4.2%. Funeral revenue increased $9.3 million to $150.3 million, while cemetery revenue decreased $1.6 million to $42.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. For the period comparatives, we experienced a 5.2% increase in total funeral contracts and an increase in the average revenue per funeral contract of 1.7%. In addition, while we experienced a decrease of 10.4% in the number of preneed interment rights (property) sold, the average price per interment right sold increased 4.6%. Further discussion of revenue for our funeral home and cemetery segments on a same store and acquired basis is presented herein under “Results of Operations.”
Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 decreased $1.1 million, or 1.9%, to $57.2 million, from $58.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to a decline in preneed cemetery revenue and higher costs as a percentage of revenue in the six businesses we acquired in 2016. As these acquired businesses transition into our Standards Operating Model, we expect to see their gross profit margins rise towards those on a same store basis.
Further discussion of the components of Gross profit, excluding field depreciation and amortization and regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs is presented herein under “Results of Operations” within our funeral home and cemetery segments. Further discussion of field depreciation and amortization and regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs are presented herein under “Other Financial Statement Items.”
Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 decreased $0.9 million to $14.5 million, equal to $0.81 per diluted share, compared to net income of $15.4 million, equal to $0.91 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Further discussion of general, administrative and other expenses, home office depreciation and amortization expense, interest expense, income taxes and other components of income and expenses are presented herein under “Other Financial Statement Items.”
OVERVIEW OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience, third-party data and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these considerations form the basis for making judgments about the amount and timing of revenues and expenses, the carrying value of assets and the recorded amounts of liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates and such estimates may change if the underlying conditions or assumptions change. Historical performance should not be viewed as indicative of future performance because there

can be no assurance the margins, operating income and net earnings, as a percentage of revenues, will be consistent from year to year.
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) is based upon our Consolidated Financial Statements presented herewith, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. Our critical accounting policies are discussed in MD&A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following is a discussion of our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same periods of 2016. March 31, 2024 and 2023.
The term “same store”“operating” in the funeral home and cemetery segments refers to all funeral homes and cemeteries acquired prior to January 1, 2013that we owned and operated forin the entiretycurrent reporting period, excluding certain funeral home and cemetery businesses that we have divested in such period.
The term “divested” when discussed in the funeral home segment, refers to six funeral homes we sold in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and one funeral home we sold in the three months ended March 31, 2023. The term “divested” when discussed in the cemetery segment, refers to the sale of one cemetery in each period being presented. Funeral homesof the three months ended March 31, 2024 and cemeteries purchased after December 31, 2012 are referred to as “acquired.” This classification of acquisitions has been important to management2023.
The term “ancillary” in the funeral home segment represents our flower shop, monument business, pet cremation business and investors in monitoring the results of these businesses and to gauge the leveraging performance contribution that a selective acquisition program can have on total company performance. Depreciation andonline cremation businesses.
Cemetery property amortization, within our field costs and expensesdepreciation expense and regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs, are not included in operating profit, a non-GAAP financial measure. Adding back these items will result in Gross Profit,gross profit, a GAAP financial measure.
- 40 -

Funeral Home Segment.Segment
The following tables settable sets forth certain information regarding the revenuesour revenue and operating profit fromfor our funeral home operations (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Revenue:
Operating$65,407 $66,578 
Divested1,164 888 
Ancillary1,057 1,247 
Other2,457 3,118 
Total$70,085 $71,831 
Operating profit:
Operating$26,327 $27,527 
Divested275 99 
Ancillary146 173 
Other2,218 2,803 
Total$28,966 $30,602 
The following operating measures reflect the significant metrics over this comparative period:
Contract volume12,415 12,091 
Average revenue per contract, excluding preneed funeral trust earnings$5,362 $5,580 
Average revenue per contract, including preneed funeral trust earnings$5,527 $5,756 
Cremation rate59.1%59.0%
Funeral home operating revenue increased $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to three months ended September 30, 2016 (dollars in thousands):
 For the Three Months Ended September 30, Change
 2016 2017 Amount %
Revenues:       
Same store operating revenue$37,094
 $38,032
 $938
 2.5 %
Acquired operating revenue5,996
 7,363
 1,367
 22.8 %
Preneed funeral insurance commissions361
 315
 (46) (12.7)%
Preneed funeral trust earnings1,732
 1,618
 (114) (6.6)%
Total$45,183
 $47,328
 $2,145
 4.7 %
        
Operating profit:
 
    
Same store operating profit$13,894
 $13,938
 $44
 0.3 %
Acquired operating profit2,431
 2,419
 (12) (0.5)%
Preneed funeral insurance commissions166
 120
 (46) (27.7)%
Preneed funeral trust earnings1,710
 1,585
 (125) (7.3)%
Total$18,201
 $18,062
 $(139) (0.8)%
Funeral home same store operating revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2017 increased $0.9 million or 2.5%, whenMarch 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016. This was due primarily to a 0.7%March 31, 2023. The increase in same store contract volumes to 7,093 andoperating revenue is primarily driven by a 1.8%4.1% increase in the average revenue per contract excluding preneed interest, which was partially offset by a 2.6% decrease in contract volume. Despite the funeral contract volume decline due to $5,362. Thethe COVID-19 related pull forward effect, we increased our average revenue per funeral contract excludesthrough the impactsuccessful execution of our enhanced pricing strategy, which was the preneedprimary driver in funeral trust earnings (separately reflected in Revenues above) recognized at the time that we provide the services pursuant to the preneed contract. Including preneed funeral trust earnings, the average revenue per contract increased 1.6% to $5,543 in the three months ended September 30, 2017. The average revenue per burial contract increased 0.2% to $8,832 and the number of burial contracts increased 1.9% to 2,898. The average revenue per cremation contract increased 1.1% to $3,352 and the number of cremation contracts increased 1.7% to 3,702.growth this quarter.
The burial rate for our same store businesses increased 50 basis points to 40.9% and the cremation rate also increased 50 basis points to 52.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016. The average revenue for “other” contracts, which are charges for merchandise or services for which we do not perform a funeral service and which made up approximately 6.9% of the total number of contracts in the three months ended September 30, 2017, increased 16.6% to $2,669.
Same storeFuneral home operating profit for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2024 increased $1.2 million when compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to the increase in operating revenue, as well as a decrease in operating expenses as a percentage of revenue. The comparable operating profit margin increased 100 basis points to 41.3%. Operating expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased 1.1%, with the largest decreases in salaries and benefits expenses of 0.6% and promotional expenses of 0.2%, which reflects the continued progress we have made successfully executing on our cost management initiatives this quarter.
Ancillary revenue, which represents revenue from our flower shop, monument business, pet cremation business and online cremation businesses, increased $0.2 million, while ancillary operating profit remained flat whenfor the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016. AlthoughMarch 31, 2023. The increase in ancillary revenue increased,is primarily due to our Bakersfield, CA business, which was acquired during the last week of March 2023 and therefore was not fully present in the comparative period.
Other revenue and other operating profit, margin decreased by 90 basis points to 36.6%which consists of preneed funeral insurance commissions and earnings from delivered preneed funeral trust and insurance contracts, increased $0.7 million and $0.6 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2016. 2023. These increases are primarily due to our continued focus on growth of our preneed funeral sales through our strategic partnership with a national insurance provider that began during the second quarter of 2023. As a result, we have experienced a 25.7% increase in preneed insurance contracts sold during the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period in 2023.
- 41 -

Cemetery Segment
The decline infollowing table sets forth certain information regarding our revenue and operating profit margin largely relates to significant increases in certain expenses including $0.4for our cemetery operations (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Revenue:
Operating$21,317 $27,581 
Divested330 154 
Other3,782 3,927 
Total$25,429 $31,662 
Operating profit (loss):
Operating$8,312 $11,952 
Divested93 (35)
Other3,679 3,808 
Total$12,084 $15,725 
The following operating measures reflect the significant metrics over this comparative period:
Preneed revenue as a percentage of operating revenue58.0%65.0%
Preneed revenue (in thousands)$12,324 $17,932 
Atneed revenue (in thousands)$8,993 $9,649 
Number of preneed interment rights sold2,504 3,437 
Average price per interment right sold$4,496 $4,849 
Cemetery operating revenue increased $6.3 million of general liability and other insurance related expenses, $0.2 million of salaries and benefits and $0.1 million of bad debt expense.

Funeral home acquired operating revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2017 increased $1.4 million, or 22.8%, whenMarch 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016. The funeral home acquired portfolio for the three months ended September 30, 2017 includes four businesses acquired in the latter half of 2016, not fully present in the three months ended September 30, 2016 results. We experienced a slight increase in the average revenue per contract of 0.2% to $6,370 and a 22.6% increase in the total number of contracts to 1,156. The average revenue per contract excludes the impact of the preneed funeral trust earnings (reflected separately in Revenues above) recognized at the time that we provide the services pursuant to the preneed contract. Including funeral trust earnings, the average revenue per contract slightly decreased 0.4% to $6,538 in the three months ended September 30, 2017. The average revenue per burial contract decreased 1.7% to $9,458, while the number of burial contracts increased 22.4% to 525. The average revenue per cremation contract increased 6.1% to $4,421 and the number of cremation contracts increased 18.3% to 531.
The burial rate for our acquired businesses slightly decreased 10 basis points to 45.4% and the cremation rate also decreased 170 basis points to 45.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016. The average revenue for “other” contracts, which are charges for merchandise or services for which we do not perform a funeral service and which made up approximately 8.7% of the total number of contracts in the three months ended September 30, 2017, decreased 17.6% to $2,446.
Acquired operating profit for the three months ended September 30, 2017 remained flat when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016. Although revenue increased, operating profit margin decreased 760 basis points to 32.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease is primarily due to the businesses we acquired in 2016, as salaries and benefits for newly acquired businesses are generally higher as a percentage of revenue than same store businesses. As these acquired businesses transition into our Standards Operating Model, we expect to see their operating profit margins rise towards those on a same store basis.
The two categories of financial revenue consist of preneed funeral insurance commission revenue and preneed funeral trust earnings. Preneed funeral insurance commission revenue decreased by 12.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. Preneed funeral insurance commission revenue is deferred for one year after the preneed funeral contracts are sold. The Preneed commission revenue recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2017 is from the preneed funeral insurance contracts sold in the three months ended September 30, 2016. The number of preneed insurance contracts sold in the three months ended September 30, 2016 decreased 4.9% and the face value of the insurance products that earned commissions decreased 2.3% compared to the contracts sold during the same period of the prior year. Preneed funeral trust earnings include trust management fees charged by our wholly-owned registered investment advisor based on the fair market value of the trust assets and earnings from the maturity of preneed funeral contracts. Trust earnings decreased $0.1 million or 6.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2017, which is comprised of a 7.8% decrease in earnings from the maturity of preneed contracts, offset by an 8.9% increase in earnings from trust management fees.
Operating profit for our two categories of financial revenue, on a combined basis, decreased 9.1% in the three months ended September 30, 2017 due to the decrease in preneed funeral trust earnings and preneed funeral insurance commission revenue, along with an increase in commission and preneed selling expenses.

The following tables set forth certain information regarding the revenues and operating profit from our funeral home operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 (dollars in thousands):
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, Change
 2016 2017 Amount %
Revenues:       
Same store operating revenue$117,029
 $119,310
 $2,281
 1.9 %
Acquired operating revenue17,303
 24,727
 7,424
 42.9 %
Preneed funeral insurance commissions1,138
 951
 (187) (16.4)%
Preneed funeral trust earnings5,482
 5,290
 (192) (3.5)%
Total$140,952
 $150,278
 $9,326
 6.6 %
        
Operating profit:       
Same store operating profit$45,119
 $46,111
 $992
 2.2 %
Acquired operating profit7,293
 9,515
 2,222
 30.5 %
Preneed funeral insurance commissions577
 329
 (248) (43.0)%
Preneed funeral trust earnings5,417
 5,206
 (211) (3.9)%
Total$58,406
 $61,161
 $2,755
 4.7 %
Funeral home same store operating revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased $2.3 million, or 1.9%, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was due primarily to a 0.9% increase in same store contract volumes to 22,296 and a 1.0% increase in the average revenue per contract to $5,351. The average revenue per contract excludes the impact of the preneed funeral trust earnings (separately reflected in Revenues above) recognized at the time that we provide the services pursuant to the preneed contract. Including preneed funeral trust earnings, the average revenue per contract increased 0.9% to $5,540 in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The average revenue per burial contract increased 1.1% to $8,877, while the number of burial contracts decreased 0.6% to 9,037. The average revenue per cremation contract increased 1.3% to $3,363 and the number of cremation contracts increased 3.0% to 11,664.
The burial rate for our same store businesses decreased 70 basis points to 40.5%, while the cremation rate increased 100 basis points to 52.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The average revenue for “other” contracts, which are charges for merchandise or services for which we do not perform a funeral service and which made up approximately 7.2% of the total number of contracts in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, increased 10.8% to $2,561.
Same store operating profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased $1.0 million, or 2.2%, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. This increase is a result of increased revenue and better management of expenses as operating profit margin remained stable at 38.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016.
Funeral home acquired operating revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased $7.4 million, or 42.9%, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The funeral home acquired portfolio for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 includes six businesses acquired during 2016, not fully present in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 results. We experienced an increase in the average revenue per contract of 1.7% to $6,524 and a 40.5% increase in the total number of contracts to 3,790. The average revenue per contract excludes the impact of the preneed funeral trust earnings (reflected separately in Revenues above) recognized at the time that we provide the services pursuant to the preneed contract. Including funeral trust earnings, the average revenue per contract increased 1.2% to $6,699 in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The average revenue per burial contract decreased 1.3% to $9,505, while the number of burial contracts increased 43.4% to 1,817. The average revenue per cremation contract increased 5.9% to $4,396 and the number of cremation contracts increased 35.8% to 1,661.
The burial rate for our acquired businesses increased 90 basis points to 47.9%, while the cremation rate decreased 150 basis points to 43.8%. This is the result of an increase in the number of burial versus cremation contract sales at the businesses that were acquired the latter half of 2016. The average revenue for “other” contracts, which are charges for merchandise or services for which we do not perform a funeral service and which made up approximately 8.3% of the total number of contracts in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, decreased 5.1% to $2,625.
Acquired operating profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased $2.2 million, or 30.5%, from the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the six businesses acquired during 2016 and not fully present in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 results. Although revenues increased, operating profit margin decreased 360 basis points to 38.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease is primarily due to the

businesses we acquired in 2016, as salaries and benefits for newly acquired businesses are generally higher as a percentage of revenue than same store businesses. As these acquired businesses transition into our Standards Operating Model, we expect to see their operating profit margins rise towards those on a same store basis.
The two categories of financial revenue consist of preneed funeral insurance commission revenue and preneed funeral trust earnings. Preneed funeral insurance commission revenue decreased $0.2 million or 16.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. Preneed funeral insurance commission revenue is deferred for one year after the preneed funeral contracts are sold. The Preneed commission revenue recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is from the preneed funeral insurance contracts sold in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The number of preneed insurance contracts sold in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased 1.1% and the face value of the insurance products that earned commissions decreased 7.1% over the same period of the prior year. Preneed funeral trust earnings include trust management fees charged by our wholly-owned registered investment advisor based on the fair market value of the trust assets and earnings from the maturity of preneed funeral contracts. Trust earnings decreased $0.2 million or 3.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which is comprised of a 4.6% decrease in earnings from the maturity of preneed contracts, offset by a 12.3% increase in earnings from trust management fees.
Operating profit for our two categories of financial revenue, on a combined basis, decreased 7.7% in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 due to the decrease in preneed funeral trust earnings and preneed funeral insurance commission revenue, along with an increase in commission and preneed selling expenses.
Cemetery Segment. The following tables set forth certain information regarding the revenues and operating profit from the cemetery operations for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to three months ended September 30, 2016 (dollars in thousands):
 For the Three Months Ended September 30, Change
 2016 2017 Amount %
Revenues:       
Same store operating revenue$11,467
 $10,748
 $(719) (6.3)%
Acquired operating revenue978
 761
 (217) (22.2)%
Cemetery trust earnings2,025
 1,768
 (257) (12.7)%
Preneed cemetery finance charges487
 449
 (38) (7.8)%
Total$14,957
 $13,726
 $(1,231) (8.2)%
        
Operating profit:       
Same store operating profit$3,342
 $2,649
 $(693) (20.7)%
Acquired operating profit479
 200
 (279) (58.2)%
Cemetery trust earnings1,954
 1,658
 (296) (15.1)%
Preneed cemetery finance charges487
 449
 (38) (7.8)%
Total$6,262
 $4,956
 $(1,306) (20.9)%
Cemetery same store operating revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2017 decreased $0.7 million, or 6.3%, when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016. Approximately 55.0% of our same store operating revenues were related to preneed sales of interment rights and related merchandise and services for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Preneed revenue decreased $0.9 million, or 13.6%,March 31, 2023, as we experienced a 5.7% decrease37.3% increase in the number of preneed interment rights (property) sold to 1,542 and a 5.9% decrease in average price per interment to $3,278 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease in preneed revenue was due to the attrition of key sales personnel at certain businesses, the absence of approximately $0.4 million of large private estate sales we had in the third quarter of last year, as well as the impact of the Texas and Florida hurricanes which caused business closures and displaced workers in these States during the period. Same store at-need revenue, which represents approximately 45.0% of our same store operating revenues, increased $0.2 million, or 4.4%, due primarily to a 7.9% increase in the average sale per contract to $1,562.
Cemetery same store operating profit for the three months ended September 30, 2017 decreased $0.7 million, or 20.7% from the same period in 2016. As a percentage of revenue, cemetery operating profit decreased to 24.6% in the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 29.1% in the same period in 2016. The decline in operating profit margin largely relates to significant increases in certain expenses including $0.2 million of general liability and other insurance related expenses, $0.1 million of salaries and benefits and $0.1 million of facilities and grounds expenses, offset by a $0.4 million decrease in promotional expenses.

Cemetery acquired operating revenue and acquired operating profit decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to a $0.2 million decrease in preneed revenue. The decrease in preneed revenue was primarily due to the absence of approximately $0.2 million of large private estate sales we had in the third quarter of last year. In addition, we experienced a 14% decrease in the number of preneed interment rights sold compared with the same period in 2016 and increases in facilities and grounds expenses and bad debt expense for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016.
The two categories of financial revenue consist of trust earnings and finance charges on preneed receivables. Trust earnings also include trust management fees charged by our wholly-owned registered investment advisor based on the fair market value of the trust assets. Total trust earnings decreased $0.3 million or 12.7%, primarily due to a $0.3 million decrease in capital gains from our perpetual care trust in the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. Financial revenue earned from finance charges on the preneed contracts remained flat in the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016.
Cemetery Segment. The following tables set forth certain information regarding the revenues and operating profit from the cemetery operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to nine months ended September 30, 2016 (dollars in thousands):
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, Change
 2016 2017 Amount %
Revenues:       
Same store operating revenue$35,093
 $33,522
 $(1,571) (4.5)%
Acquired operating revenue2,312
 2,370
 58
 2.5 %
Cemetery trust earnings5,622
 5,512
 (110) (2.0)%
Preneed cemetery finance charges1,357
 1,381
 24
 1.8 %
Total$44,384
 $42,785
 $(1,599) (3.6)%
        
Operating profit:       
Same store operating profit$11,283
 $9,287
 $(1,996) (17.7)%
Acquired operating profit791
 743
 (48) (6.1)%
Cemetery trust earnings5,407
 5,231
 (176) (3.3)%
Preneed cemetery finance charges1,357
 1,381
 24
 1.8 %
Total$18,838
 $16,642
 $(2,196) (11.7)%
Cemetery same store operating revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 decreased $1.6 million, or 4.5%, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Approximately 56.0% of our same store operating revenues were related to preneed sales of interment rights and related merchandise and services for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Preneed revenue decreased $2.4 million, or 11.2%, as we experienced a 11.4% decrease in the number of preneed interment rights sold to 4,942 in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease was primarily a result of attrition of key sales personnel at certain businesses during the period. In addition, preneed sales were negatively impacted in our Texas and Florida businesses due to the hurricanes affecting those areas in the third quarter of 2017, as well as the absence of approximately $0.4 million of large private estate sales we had in the third quarter of last year. The decrease was slightly offset by a 4.0% increase in the average price per interment to $3,256. Same store at-needright sold. Cemetery atneed revenue, which represents approximately 44.0%35.0% of our same storetotal operating revenues,revenue, increased $0.8$0.6 million or 5.7%, due primarily to a 9.0% increase in the average sale per contract to $1,459.
Cemetery same store operating profit for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017 decreased $2.0 million, or 17.7% from the same period in 2016. As a percentage of revenue, cemetery operating profit decreased to 27.7% in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 32.2% in the same period in 2016. The decrease in operating profit was primarily a result of the decrease in revenue, combined with a $0.4 million, or 1.8%, increase in operating costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the same period in 2016. Those expenses with significant increases include $0.2 million of salaries and benefits and $0.2 million of facilities and grounds expenses.
Cemetery acquired operating revenue and acquired operating profit remained flat for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Cemetery acquired operating profit margin decreased from 34.2% to 31.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 20162023, primarily due to an increase in delivered merchandise and services across our cemetery portfolio. The increase in cemetery revenue highlights the effectiveness of our preneed cemetery sales growth plan, as we experienced increasescontinue to focus on executing our strategic goals.
Cemetery operating profit increased $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to the increase in operating revenue, as well as a decrease in operating expenses as a percentage of revenue. The comparable operating profit margin increased 430 basis points to 43.3%. Operating expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased 4.3%, with the largest decreases in salaries and benefits expenses of 2.9%, merchandise costs of 1.2%, and bad debt expense.facilities and grounds expenses of 0.6%, which reflects the continued progress we have made successfully executing on our cost management initiatives this quarter.
The two categories of financialOther revenue and other operating profit, which consist of preneed cemetery trust earningsrevenue and preneed cemetery finance charges, on preneed receivables. Trust earnings also include trust management fees charged by our wholly-owned registered investment advisor based on the fair market value of

the trust assets. Total trust earnings decreasedboth increased $0.1 million or 2.0%,for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to decreased capital gains from our perpetual care trustan increase in finance charge revenue related to the nine months ended September 30, 2017increase in cemetery sales during the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period in 2016. Financial revenue earned from finance charges on2023.
Cemetery property amortization. Cemetery property amortization totaled $1.8 million for the preneed contracts remained flat at $1.4 million in the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2024, an increase of $0.6 million compared to the same period in 2016.2023, primarily due to the increase in property sold across our cemetery portfolio.
Other Financial Statement Items
Field depreciation.Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization costsexpense for theour field and home officebusinesses totaled $4.0$3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2024, an increase of $0.2$0.1 million or 5.1%, fromcompared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and $11.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $0.4 million or 3.3%, from the nine months ended September 30, 2016. These increases were primarily attributable to additional depreciation expense from assets acquiredsame period in our 2016 acquisitions.2023.
Regional and Unallocated Funeralunallocated funeral and Cemetery Costs.cemetery costs. Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs consist of salaries and benefits for regional management, field incentive compensation and other related costs for field infrastructure. Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs totaled $3.9$3.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increaseMarch 31, 2024, a decrease of $1.2$1.6 million or 41.5%, compared to the same period in 2016,2023, primarily due to a $0.5an $0.8 million increasedecrease in fieldcash incentives and equity compensation costs and an $0.8 million decrease in incentive award trip costs.
- 42 -

Other Financial Statement Items
General, administrative and other. General, administrative and other expenses, which includes salaries and benefits and cash and equity incentive compensation a $0.4 million increase in natural disaster related costs and a $0.3 million increase in other general administrative costs.
Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costsfor the Houston support office, totaled $9.8$16.2 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2024, an increase of $1.3$6.1 million or 15.2%, compared to the same period in 2016,2023, which is primarily due to the following: (1) a $4.2 million increase in salary and benefits expenses and cash and equity incentive compensation costs, primarily driven by the termination expense recorded during the first quarter of 2024 for our former Executive Chairman of the Board pursuant to his Transition Agreement effective February 22, 2024; (2) a $1.5 million increase in professional fees related to the Board’s review of strategic alternatives; and (3) a $0.4 million increase in field incentive compensation, a $0.4 million increase in natural disaster related costs, a $0.4 million increase inall other general administrative costsexpenses.
Net loss on divestitures, disposals and $0.1 million increase in salariesimpairments charges. The components of Net loss on divestitures, disposals and benefits.impairment charges are as follows (in thousands):
On Friday, August 25, 2017 and Sunday, September 10, 2017, hurricanes Harvey and Irma struck Texas and Florida, respectively. Thirteen of our funeral homes and six of our cemeteries were impacted by either or both property damage and business interruption. Based on our preliminary review of our property, flood and business interruption insurance policies, we believe that much of the loss we have experienced will be covered by insurance. As of September 30, 2017, we have spent approximately $0.5 million for employee assistance and property repair costs. We have recognized approximately $0.4 million in expenses and recorded a receivable for insurance reimbursement of approximately $0.1 million.
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Net loss on divestitures$82 $1,501 
Net loss on disposals of fixed assets159 44 
Total$241 $1,545 
General, Administrative and Other. General, administrative and other expenses remained flat at $6.1 million for bothDuring the three months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2024, we sold six funeral homes and 2017. Those expenses with significant increases include $0.4 millionone cemetery for an aggregate loss of equity compensation, $0.2 million$1.5 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we sold one funeral home and two cemeteries for an aggregate loss of salaries and benefits for leadership investments in our Houston support office, $0.2 million of other general administrative costs, $0.2 million of incentive compensation and $0.2 million of public company and regulatory costs$0.1 million.
Interest expense. Interest expense related to tax planning, offset by a $1.2 million decrease in severance and retirement expenses primarily related toits respective debt arrangement is as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Senior Notes$4,413 $4,420 
Credit Facility3,949 4,054 
Finance leases105 125 
Acquisition debt71 104 
Other
Total$8,539 $8,712 
Net loss on property damage, net of insurance claims. During the retirement of a former executive.
General, administrative and other expenses totaled $19.5 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of $1.7 million, or 7.8%, from the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease was attributable to a $3.5 million decrease in retirement expenses primarily related to the retirement of two former executives during 2016, a $0.7 million decrease in acquisition costs, offset by a $0.9 million increase in salaries and benefits for leadership investments in our Houston support office, a $0.7 million increase in public company, regulatory and legal costs related to tax planning, filing our current shelf registration statement and adopting a new long-term incentive plan, a $0.6 million increase in other general administrative costs andMarch 31, 2023, we recorded a $0.3 million increaseloss, net of insurance proceeds, for property damaged by a fire that occurred during first quarter of 2023. We did not record any gain or loss activity during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Other, net. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded a $0.5 million gain on the sale of other real estate not used in incentive and equity compensation.business operations. We did not record any gain or loss activity during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Interest Expense. InterestIncome taxes. Income tax expense was $3.3totaled $3.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $2.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2024, an increase of approximately $0.4 million. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, interest expense increased by approximately $0.3$0.2 million related to our term note and revolving credit facility and by approximately $0.1 million related to our deferred purchase obligations for our 2016 acquisitions. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the weighted average interest rate increased 0.6% compared to the same period in 2016.
Interest expense was $9.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared2023, primarily due to $8.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, an increase of approximately $0.8 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, interest expense increased by approximately $0.4 million related to our term note and revolving credit facility and by approximately $0.4 million related to our deferred purchase obligations for our 2016 acquisitions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the weighted average interest rate increased 0.3% compared to the same period in 2016.
Accretion of Discount on Convertible Subordinated Notes. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recognized accretion of the discount on our convertible subordinated notes issued in March 2014 of $1.1 million and $3.2 million respectively,

compared to $1.0 million and $2.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. Accretion is calculated using the effective interest method based on a stated interest rate of 6.75%.
Income Taxes. Income tax expense on discrete items. Our operating tax rate before discrete items was $1.5 million32.8% and 28.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 comparedMarch 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

- 43 -

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements requires us to $1.9 million formake estimates and assumptions that affect the three months ended September 30, 2016. We recorded income taxes at the estimated effective rate, before discrete items,reported amounts of 40.0% for both the threeassets, liabilities, revenue and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. Income tax expense was $9.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $8.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
During the third quarter of 2017, we recognized a tax benefit of $0.2 million which reducedexpenses. Understanding our effective tax rate to 39% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. During the third quarter of 2016, we recognized a tax benefit of $1.1 million which reduced our effective tax rate to 35.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
We have approximately $36.8 million of state net operating loss carry forwards that will expire between 2018 and 2038, if not utilized. Based on management’s assessment of the various state net operating losses, it has been determined that it is more likely than not that we will not be able to realize the tax benefits of certain portions of the state losses. Accordingly, a valuation allowance has been establishedaccounting policies and the deferred tax asset for the state operating lossesextent to which our management uses judgment, assumptions and estimates in applying these policies is reviewed every quarter. At September 30, 2017, the valuation allowance totaled $0.2 million.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
integral to understanding our Consolidated Financial Statements. Our primary sources of liquiditycritical accounting policies are more fully described in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and capital resources are internally generated cash flows from operating activities and availability under our Credit Facility.
We generate cashSupplementary Data” in our operations primarily from at-need sales and delivery of preneed sales. We also generate cash from earnings on our cemetery perpetual care trusts. Based on our recent operating results, current cash position and anticipated future cash flows, we do not anticipate any significant liquidity constraints in the foreseeable future. However, if our capital expenditures or acquisition plans change, we may need to access the capital markets to obtain additional funding. Further, to the extent operating cash flow or access to and costs of financing sources are materially different than expected, future liquidity may be adversely affected. Please read Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors”Note 1 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2023.
We intend to use cash on handhave identified Business Combinations and borrowings under our Credit Facility primarily to acquire funeral homeGoodwill as those accounting policies that require significant judgments, assumptions and cemetery businessesestimates and for internal growth projects, such as cemetery inventory development and funeral home expansion projects, and for payment of dividends. From time to time we may also use available cash to repurchase shares of our common stock in open market or privately negotiated transactions. Wethat have the ability to drawa significant impact on our revolving credit facility, subjectfinancial condition and results of operations. These policies are considered critical because they may result in fluctuations in our reported results from period to customary termsperiod due to the significant judgments, estimates and assumptions about complex and inherently uncertain matters and because the use of different judgments, assumptions or estimates could have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. Actual results may differ from these estimates and such estimates may change if the underlying conditions or assumptions change. Historical performance should not be viewed as indicative of future performance because there can be no assurance the Credit Agreement. We believe that our existing cash balance, future cash flows from operationsmargins, operating income and borrowings under our Credit Facility described belownet earnings, as a percentage of revenue, will be sufficientconsistent from period to meetperiod. We evaluate our anticipated working capital requirements, capital expenditures, scheduled debt payments, commitments, dividendscritical accounting estimates and acquisitions for the foreseeable future.

Cash Flows
We began 2017 with $3.3 million in cashjudgments required by our policies on an ongoing basis and other liquid investments and ended the third quarter with $0.8 million in cash. As of September 30, 2017, we had borrowings of $75.5 million outstanding on our revolving credit facility compared to $67.7 million outstandingupdate them as of December 31, 2016.
The following table sets forth the elements of cash flow for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 (in millions):
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2017
Cash at January 1st
$0.5
 $3.3
Cash flow from operating activities34.8
 30.8
Acquisitions and land for new construction(15.1) (0.7)
Purchase of land and buildings previously leased(6.3) 
Net proceeds from the sale of other assets1.0
 0.4
Growth capital expenditures(6.8) (6.8)
Maintenance capital expenditures(5.2) (6.3)
Net (payments) borrowings on our revolving credit facility, term loan and long-term debt obligations0.3
 (1.7)
Taxes paid on restricted stock vestings and exercise of non-qualified options(0.6) (0.5)
Dividends paid on common stock(1.7) (2.5)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan contributions0.7
 1.2
Purchase of treasury stock
 (16.4)
Payment of loan origination costs related to the credit facility(0.7) 
Other financing costs(0.1) 
Cash at September 30th$0.8
 $0.8
Operating Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, cash provided by operating activities was $30.8 million compared to cash provided by operating activities of $34.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, a decrease of $4.0 million, due primarily to the decline in preneed cemetery revenue and acquired funeral home operating profit margin in the second and third quarters of 2017 and unfavorable working capital changes, which include, the timing of payments for income taxes, payments for accrued severance for the retirement of a former executive and our Good To Great incentive compensation plan during the first quarter of 2017.
Investing Activities
Our investing activities resulted in a net cash outflow of $13.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $32.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, a decrease of $19.0 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we purchased real estate for funeral home parking lot expansion projects for approximately $0.7 million. Capital expenditures totaled $13.1 million, of which $6.8 million and $6.3 million were growth and maintenance capital expenditures, respectively. Our growth capital expenditures were primarily related to cemetery development costs of $3.0 million, construction costs related to two new funeral home facilities of approximately $2.5 million and renovations at certain businesses of $1.3 million. Maintenance capital expenditures in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were primarily related to maintenance projects for facility repairs and improvements of $1.8 million, vehicle purchases of $1.7 million, IT infrastructure improvements, general equipment, and furniture purchases of $1.8 million, and paving roads, parking lots and landscaping projects of $1.0 million.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we acquired three funeral home businesses for approximately $15.8 million. We purchased land for funeral home expansion projects for approximately $2.7 million. Additionally, we purchased land and buildings at four funeral home locations that were previously leased for approximately $6.3 million. Capital expenditures totaled $12.0 million, of which $6.8 million and $5.2 million were growth and maintenance capital expenditures, respectively. Our growth capital expenditures were primarily construction costs related to funeral home facilities of approximately $2.3 million, renovations at certain business locations of $1.3 million and cemetery development costs of $3.2 million. Maintenance capital expenditures in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were primarily related to vehicle purchases of $1.2 million, general

equipment and furniture purchases of $1.6 million and maintenance projects such as paving roads, parking lots, facility repairs and general improvements of $2.4 million.
Financing Activities
Our financing activities resulted in a net cash outflow of $19.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, an increase of $17.8 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we had net payments on our revolving credit facility and term loan of $0.6 million. We also purchased treasury stock for $16.4 million and paid $2.5 million in dividends.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we had net borrowings on our revolving credit facility and term loan of $1.3 million. We also paid transaction costs of approximately $0.7 million related to the Seventh Amendment of our Credit Facility and paid $1.7 million in dividends.
Dividends
On July 26, 2017 our Board declared a dividend of $0.05 per share, totaling approximately $0.8 million, which was paid on September 1, 2017 to record holders of our common stock as of August 14, 2017. For the three months ended September 30, 2016, we paid a quarterly dividend of $0.050 per share, totaling approximately $0.8 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, we paid total dividends of approximately $1.7 million and $2.5 million, respectively.
Share Repurchase
On February 25, 2016, our Board approved a share repurchase program authorizing us to purchase up to an aggregate of $25.0 million of our common stock in accordance with Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). During the three months ended September 30, 2017, we repurchased 574,054 shares of common stock for a total cost of $14.0 million at an average cost of $24.35 per share pursuant to this share repurchase program. We did not purchase any shares of common stock in the first or second quarter of 2017. Our shares were purchased in the open market. Purchases were at times and in amounts as management determined appropriate based on factors such as market conditions, legal requirements and other business considerations. Shares purchased pursuant to the repurchase program are currently held as treasury shares.changing conditions.
On August 18, 2017, we purchased 100,000 shares of our common stock from Melvin C. Payne, our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. The purchase of these shares was made pursuant to a privately negotiated transaction at a price of $23.85 per share for a total purchase price of $2.4 million. The purchase price was the stock's trading price at the time of the transaction. This purchase was not a part of the share repurchase program approved by the Board on February 25, 2016. The repurchase of the shares held by Mr. Payne was approved in advance by our Board, with Mr. Payne abstaining.
Debt Obligations
The outstanding principal of our total long-term debt and capital lease obligations at September 30, 2017 totaled $218.8 million and consisted of $130.3 million under our term loan, $75.5 million outstanding under our revolving credit facility and $14.0 million in acquisition indebtedness and capital lease obligations.
As of September 30, 2017, we had a $300 million secured bank credit facility with Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent (the “Credit Agreement”), comprised of a $150 million revolving credit facility and a $150 million term loan (collectively, the “Credit Facility”). The Credit Facility also contains an accordion provision to borrow up to an additional $75 million in revolving loans, subject to certain conditions. The Credit Facility is collateralized by all personal property and funeral home real property in certain states.
We have one letter of credit issued on November 30, 2016 and outstanding under the Credit Facility for approximately $2.0 million, which bears interest at 2.125% and will expire on November 27, 2017. The letter of credit automatically renews annually and secures our obligations under our various self-insured policies. Under the Credit Facility, outstanding borrowings bear interest at either a prime rate or a LIBOR rate, plus an applicable margin based upon our leverage ratio. At September 30, 2017, the prime rate margin was equivalent to 1.125% and the LIBOR margin was 2.125%. The weighted average interest rate on the Credit Facility for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was 3.4% and 3.1%, respectively.
We have no material assets or operations independent of our subsidiaries. All assets and operations are held and conducted by our subsidiaries, each of which have fully and unconditionally guaranteed our obligations under the Credit Facility. Additionally, we do not currently have any significant restrictions on our ability to receive dividends or loans from any subsidiary guarantor under the Credit Facility.
We were in compliance with the covenants contained in the Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2017. The Credit Agreement contains key ratios with which we must comply, including a requirement to maintain a leverage ratio of no more than 3.5 to 1.00 and a covenant to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of no less than 1.20 to 1.00. As of September 30, 2017, the leverage ratio was 2.99 to 1.00 and the fixed charge coverage ratio was 1.89 to 1.00.

Amortization of debt issuance costs related to our Credit Facility was approximately $0.1 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 and $0.3 million and $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, respectively. The unamortized debt issuance costs related to the Credit Facility are being amortized over the remaining term of the related debt using the effective interest method for our term loan and the straight line method for our revolving credit facility.
Convertible Subordinated Notes due 2021
On March 19, 2014, we issued $143.75 million aggregate principal amount of 2.75% convertible subordinated notes due March 15, 2021 (the “Convertible Notes”). The Convertible Notes bear interest at 2.75% per year. Interest on the Convertible Notes began to accrue on March 19, 2014 and is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year.
At September 30, 2017, the carrying amount of the equity component was approximately $18.0 million. At September 30, 2017, the principal amount of the liability component was $143.75 million and the net carrying amount was $123.2 million. The unamortized discount of $18.7 million and the unamortized debt issuance costs of $1.9 million as of September 30, 2017 are being amortized using the effective interest method over the remaining term of the Convertible Notes. The effective interest rate on the unamortized discount and the debt issuance costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 was 6.75% and 2.75%, respectively.
Interest expense on the Convertible Notes included contractual coupon interest expense of approximately $1.0 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 and $3.0 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017. Accretion of the discount on the Convertible Notes was $1.0 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, respectively, and $2.9 million and $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, respectively. Amortization of debt issuance costs related to our Convertible Notes was approximately $0.1 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017 and $0.4 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017.
The initial conversion rate of the Convertible Notes, as of March 19, 2014, was 44.3169 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $22.56 per share of common stock. The adjusted conversion rate of the Convertible Notes, in effect at September 30, 2017, is 44.5392 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, equivalent to an adjusted conversion price of approximately $22.45 per share of common stock.
SEASONALITY
Our business can be affected by seasonal fluctuations in the death rate. Generally, the death rate, iswith number of deaths generally higher during the winter months becausedue to the higher incidences of death from influenza and pneumonia are higher during this period thanas compared to other periods of the year. Seasonal fluctuations in the death rate may be further affected by epidemics and pandemics, like COVID-19, including any new or emerging public health threats. These unexpected fluctuations may not only increase death rates during the affected period, but also may subsequently decrease death rates following the affected period as a result of an acceleration of death rates (also referred to as a “pull forward effect”). As a result, we are unable to predict or forecast the duration or variation of the current death rate with any certainty.
Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
In the ordinary course of business, we are typically exposed to a variety of market risks. Currently, these are primarily related to interest rate risk and changes in the values of securities associated with the preneed and perpetual care trusts. Management is actively involved in monitoring exposure to market risk and developing and utilizing appropriate risk management techniques when appropriate and when available for a reasonable price. We are not exposed to any other significant market risks.risks other than those related to the impact of health and safety concerns from epidemics and pandemics and inflation, which are described in more detail in Part 1, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The following quantitative and qualitative information is provided about financial instruments to which we are a party at September 30, 2017March 31, 2024 and from which we may incur future gains or losses from changes in market conditions. We do not enter into derivative or other financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes.
Hypothetical changes in interest rates and the values of securities associated with the preneed and perpetual care trusts chosen for the following estimated sensitivity analysis are considered to be reasonable near-term changes generally based on consideration of past fluctuations for each risk category. However, since it is not possible to accurately predict future changes in interest rates, these hypothetical changes may not necessarily be an indicator of probable future fluctuations.
The following information about our market-sensitive financial instruments constitutes a “forward-looking statement.”
In connection with our preneed funeral operations and preneed cemetery merchandise and service sales, the related funeral and cemetery trust funds own investments in equity and debt securities and mutual funds, which are sensitive to current market prices. Cost and market values of such investments as of September 30, 2017at March 31, 2024 are presented in Part 1, Item 1, “Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements,” Notes 3 and 6 Note 8 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The sensitivity of the fixed income securities is such that a 0.25% change in interest rates causes an approximate 1.51%0.87% change in the value of the fixed income securities.
We monitor current and forecasted interest rate risk in the ordinary course of business and seek to maintain optimal financial flexibility, quality and solvency. As of September 30, 2017,At March 31, 2024, we had outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility of $75.5 million under our $150.0

million revolving credit facility and approximately $130.3 million outstanding on our term loan.$154.1 million. Any further borrowings or voluntary prepayments against the revolving credit facilityCredit Facility or any change in the floating rate would cause a change in interest expense. We have the option to pay interest under the Credit Facility at either prime rate or LIBORthe BSBY rate plus a margin.an applicable margin based on our leverage ratio. At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2024, the prime rate margin was equivalent to 1.125%2.375% and the LIBORBSBY rate margin was 2.125%3.375%. Assuming the outstanding balance remains unchanged, a change of 100 basis
- 44 -

points in our borrowing rate would result in a change in income before taxes of $2.1$1.5 million. We have not entered into interest rate hedging arrangements in the past. Management continually evaluates the cost and potential benefits of interest rate hedging arrangements.
Our ConvertibleSenior Notes bear interest at athe fixed annual rate of 2.75% per year. The Convertible4.25%. We may redeem the Senior Notes, do not contain a call feature.in whole or in part, at the redemption price of 102.13% on or after May 15, 2024, 101.06% on or after May 15, 2025 and 100% on or after May 15, 2026, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. At September 30, 2017,any time before May 15, 2024, we may also redeem all or part of the Senior Notes at the redemption prices described in the Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but excluding) the date of redemption. At March 31, 2024, the carrying value of the Senior Notes on our Consolidated Balance Sheet was $396.1 million and the fair value of these notesthe Senior Notes was approximately $179.9$355.2 million based on the last traded or broker quoted price.price, reported by Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. Increases in market interest rates may cause the value of the ConvertibleSenior Notes to decrease, but such changes will not affect our interest costs. 
The remainder of our long-term debt and leases consistsconsist of non-interest bearing notes and fixed rate instruments that do not trade in a market and do not have a quoted market value. Any increase in market interest rates could causecauses the fair value of those liabilities to decrease, but such changes will not affect our interest costs.
Item 4.Controls and Procedures.
Item 4.Controls and Procedures.
Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officer,officers, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange CommissionSEC's rules and forms, and to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive and principal financial officer,officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive and principal financial officerofficers have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of September 30, 2017at March 31, 2024 and that the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with US GAAP.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our system of internal control over financial reporting (defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter covered by this quarterly reportQuarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

- 45 -

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.Legal Proceedings.
Item 1.Legal Proceedings.
We and our subsidiaries are parties to a number of legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. While the outcome of these proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not expect these matters to have a material adverse effect on our financial statements.
We self-insure against certain risks and carry insurance with coverage and coverage limits for risk in excess of the coverage amounts consistent with our assessment of risks in our business and of an acceptable level of financial exposure. Although there can be no assurance that self-insurance reserves and insurance will be sufficient to mitigate all damages, claims, or contingencies, we believe that the reserves and our insurance provides reasonable coverage for known asserted and unasserted claims. In the event we sustain a loss from a claim and the insurance carrier disputes coverage or coverage limits, we may record a charge in a different period than the recovery, if any, from the insurance carrier.
Item 1A.Risk Factors.
Item 1A.Risk Factors.
There have been no material changes in our risk factors as previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” ofin our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2023. Readers should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016,2023, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162023 are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results.
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to repurchases of our common stock during the quarter ended September 30, 2017:March 31, 2024:
Period 
Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)
 Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
         
July 1, 2017 - July 31, 2017 
 $
 
 $
August 1, 2017 - August 31, 2017 285,353
 $24.30
 185,353
 $20,450,852
September 1, 2017 - September 30, 2017 388,701
 $24.26
 388,701
 $11,019,052
Total for quarter ended September 30, 2017 674,054
   574,054
  
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)
Average Price Paid Per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program
Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program(2)
January 1, 2024 - January 31, 2024— $— — $48,898,769 
February 1, 2024 - February 29, 202414,597 $25.58 — $48,898,769 
March 1, 2024 - March 31, 20241,718 $26.14 — $48,898,769 
Total for quarter ended March 31, 202416,315 — 
(1)Represents shares surrendered by employees to pay taxes withheld upon the vesting of restricted stock awards.
(2)
(See Part I, Item 1,)
On August 18, 2017, we purchased 100,000 shares of Financial Statements, Note 14 for additional information on our common stock from Melvin C. Payne, our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. The purchase of these shares was made pursuant to a privately negotiated transaction at a price of $23.85 per share for a total purchase price of $2.4 million.The purchase price was the stock's trading price at the time of the transaction. This purchase was not a part of thepublicly announced share repurchase program approved by the Board on February 25, 2016. The repurchase of the shares held by Mr. Payne was approved in advance by our Board, with Mr. Payne abstaining.
program.
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
Not applicable.
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures.
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5.Other Information.
None.Item 5.Other Information.
Not applicable.
Item 6.Exhibits.
Item 6.Exhibits.
The exhibits required to be filed pursuant to the requirements of Item 601 of Regulation S-K are set forth in the Exhibit Index accompanying this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are incorporated herein by reference.

- 46 -


SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
Date:October 25, 2017May 3, 2024/s/ Viki K. BlindermanL. Kian Granmayeh
Viki K. BlindermanL. Kian Granmayeh
SeniorExecutive Vice President, PrincipalChief Financial Officer and SecretaryTreasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)

- 47 -

CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
INDEX OF EXHIBITS
Exhibit No.Description
3.1
3.2Description10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its fiscal quarter ended September 30, 1997, filed on November 14, 1997.
3.3
3.4
10.1
10.2
*10.3
*10.4
*10.5
*10.6
*10.7
10.8
*31.1
*31.2
**32
*101.INSXBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
*101101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Documents.
*101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
*101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
*101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
*101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
*104Cover Page Interactive Data Files.File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

 __________________
(*)Filed herewith.
(**)Furnished herewith.
(*(†)Filed herewith.
(**)Furnished herewith.
(†)Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.


- 4948 -