UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
                      FORM10-Q
(Mark One)
    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 20232024
OR
    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
    For the transition period from ___________  to   ____________        
                         Commission File Number:1-11961
CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware76-0423828
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
3040 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 300
Houston, Texas, 77056
(Address of principal executive offices)
(713) 332-8400
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per shareCSVNew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes      No  
The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $.01 par value per share, outstanding as of May 1, 2023April 26, 2024 was 14,934,211.15,165,486.






CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
INDEX
 
Page
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Item 5. Other Information
- 2 -


PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.Financial Statements.
CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(unaudited and in thousands, except share data)
December 31, 2022March 31, 2023
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
ASSETSASSETS
Current assets:Current assets:
Current assets:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$1,170 $1,293 
Accounts receivable, netAccounts receivable, net24,458 23,887 
InventoriesInventories7,613 9,533 
Prepaid and other current assetsPrepaid and other current assets4,733 8,988 
Total current assetsTotal current assets37,974 43,701 
Preneed cemetery trust investmentsPreneed cemetery trust investments95,065 86,459 
Preneed funeral trust investmentsPreneed funeral trust investments104,553 101,366 
Preneed cemetery receivables, netPreneed cemetery receivables, net26,672 26,690 
Receivables from preneed funeral trusts, netReceivables from preneed funeral trusts, net19,976 20,346 
Property, plant and equipment, netProperty, plant and equipment, net278,106 289,313 
Cemetery property, netCemetery property, net104,170 113,298 
GoodwillGoodwill410,137 423,749 
Intangible and other non-current assets, netIntangible and other non-current assets, net32,930 37,254 
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOperating lease right-of-use assets17,060 17,486 
Cemetery perpetual care trust investmentsCemetery perpetual care trust investments66,307 65,322 
Total assetsTotal assets$1,192,950 $1,224,984 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYLIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:Current liabilities:
Current liabilities:
Current liabilities:
Current portion of debt and lease obligations
Current portion of debt and lease obligations
Current portion of debt and lease obligationsCurrent portion of debt and lease obligations$3,172 $3,455 
Accounts payableAccounts payable11,675 11,429 
Accrued and other liabilitiesAccrued and other liabilities30,621 34,910 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities45,468 49,794 
Total current liabilities
Total current liabilities
Acquisition debt, net of current portionAcquisition debt, net of current portion3,438 3,404 
Credit facilityCredit facility188,836 211,880 
Senior notes
Senior notes
Senior notesSenior notes395,243 395,406 
Obligations under finance leases, net of current portionObligations under finance leases, net of current portion4,743 4,641 
Obligations under operating leases, net of current portionObligations under operating leases, net of current portion17,315 17,395 
Deferred preneed cemetery revenueDeferred preneed cemetery revenue51,746 61,297 
Deferred preneed funeral revenueDeferred preneed funeral revenue32,029 32,248 
Deferred tax liabilityDeferred tax liability48,820 48,642 
Other long-term liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities3,065 938 
Deferred preneed cemetery receipts held in trustDeferred preneed cemetery receipts held in trust95,065 86,459 
Deferred preneed funeral receipts held in trustDeferred preneed funeral receipts held in trust104,553 101,366 
Care trusts’ corpusCare trusts’ corpus65,495 64,352 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities1,055,816 1,077,822 
Commitments and contingencies:Commitments and contingencies:Commitments and contingencies:
Stockholders’ equity:Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized and 26,359,876 and 26,562,368 shares issued, respectively and 14,732,058 and 14,934,550 shares outstanding, respectively264 266 
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized and 26,627,319 and 26,793,343 shares issued, respectively and 14,999,501 and 15,165,525 shares outstanding, respectively
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized and 26,627,319 and 26,793,343 shares issued, respectively and 14,999,501 and 15,165,525 shares outstanding, respectively
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized and 26,627,319 and 26,793,343 shares issued, respectively and 14,999,501 and 15,165,525 shares outstanding, respectively
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital238,780 239,962 
Retained earningsRetained earnings176,843 185,687 
Treasury stock, at cost; 11,627,818 sharesTreasury stock, at cost; 11,627,818 shares(278,753)(278,753)
Total stockholders’ equityTotal stockholders’ equity137,134 147,162 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equityTotal liabilities and stockholders’ equity$1,192,950 $1,224,984 
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited and in thousands, except per share data)
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Revenue:
Revenue:
Revenue:Revenue:
Service revenueService revenue$49,737 $48,207 
Service revenue
Service revenue
Property and merchandise revenue
Property and merchandise revenue
Property and merchandise revenueProperty and merchandise revenue41,612 40,011 
Other revenueOther revenue6,812 7,296 
98,161 95,514 
Other revenue
Other revenue
95,514
95,514
95,514
Field costs and expenses:
Field costs and expenses:
Field costs and expenses:Field costs and expenses:
Cost of serviceCost of service22,104 23,477 
Cost of service
Cost of service
Cost of merchandise
Cost of merchandise
Cost of merchandiseCost of merchandise29,325 29,734 
Cemetery property amortizationCemetery property amortization1,332 1,201 
Cemetery property amortization
Cemetery property amortization
Field depreciation expense
Field depreciation expense
Field depreciation expenseField depreciation expense3,297 3,357 
Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costsRegional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs6,347 5,437 
Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs
Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs
Other expensesOther expenses1,278 1,253 
63,683 64,459 
Other expenses
Other expenses
64,459
64,459
64,459
Gross profit
Gross profit
Gross profitGross profit34,478 31,055 
Corporate costs and expenses:Corporate costs and expenses:
Corporate costs and expenses:
Corporate costs and expenses:
General, administrative and other
General, administrative and other
General, administrative and otherGeneral, administrative and other8,560 10,180 
Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairments chargesNet loss on divestitures, disposals and impairments charges767 241 
Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairments charges
Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairments charges
Operating income
Operating income
Operating incomeOperating income25,151 20,634 
Interest expenseInterest expense5,542 8,539 
Interest expense
(Gain) loss on property damage, net of insurance claims(1,899)271 
Interest expense
Loss on property damage, net of insurance claims
Loss on property damage, net of insurance claims
Loss on property damage, net of insurance claims
Other, net
Other, net
Other, netOther, net24 (522)
Income before income taxesIncome before income taxes21,484 12,346 
Income before income taxes
Income before income taxes
Expense for income taxesExpense for income taxes5,704 3,568 
Tax adjustment related to discrete items(622)(66)
Expense for income taxes
Expense for income taxes
(Benefit) expense related to discrete income tax items
(Benefit) expense related to discrete income tax items
(Benefit) expense related to discrete income tax items
Total expense for income taxesTotal expense for income taxes5,082 3,502 
Total expense for income taxes
Total expense for income taxes
Net income
Net income
Net incomeNet income$16,402 $8,844 
Basic earnings per common share:Basic earnings per common share:$1.07 $0.59 
Basic earnings per common share:
Basic earnings per common share:
Diluted earnings per common share:
Diluted earnings per common share:
Diluted earnings per common share:Diluted earnings per common share:$1.00 $0.57 
Dividends declared per common share:Dividends declared per common share:$0.1125 $0.1125 
Dividends declared per common share:
Dividends declared per common share:
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding:
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding:
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding:Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding:
BasicBasic15,244 14,758 
Basic
Basic
DilutedDiluted16,369 15,468 
Diluted
Diluted
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited and in thousands)
Three months ended March 31, Three months ended March 31,
20222023 20232024
Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:
Net incomeNet income$16,402 $8,844 
Net income
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization4,783 4,769 
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses837 699 
Stock-based compensation expenseStock-based compensation expense1,607 2,141 
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)76 (178)
Deferred income tax benefit
Amortization of intangiblesAmortization of intangibles318 321 
Amortization of debt issuance costsAmortization of debt issuance costs122 174 
Amortization and accretion of debtAmortization and accretion of debt121 127 
Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairment chargesNet loss on divestitures, disposals and impairment charges767 241 
(Gain) loss on property damage, net of insurance claims(1,899)271 
Gain on sale of real property— (530)
Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairment charges
Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairment charges
Loss on property damage, net of insurance claims
Gain on sale of excess land
Changes in operating assets and liabilities that provided (used) cash:Changes in operating assets and liabilities that provided (used) cash:
Changes in operating assets and liabilities that provided (used) cash:
Changes in operating assets and liabilities that provided (used) cash:
Accounts and preneed receivables
Accounts and preneed receivables
Accounts and preneed receivablesAccounts and preneed receivables(504)120 
Inventories, prepaid and other current assetsInventories, prepaid and other current assets2,913 884 
Intangible and other non-current assetsIntangible and other non-current assets(340)(1,277)
Preneed funeral and cemetery trust investmentsPreneed funeral and cemetery trust investments(201)5,356 
Accounts payableAccounts payable(987)(246)
Accrued and other liabilitiesAccrued and other liabilities(9,999)1,924 
Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery revenue
Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery revenue
Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery revenueDeferred preneed funeral and cemetery revenue628 8,132 
Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery receipts held in trustDeferred preneed funeral and cemetery receipts held in trust1,157 (5,903)
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities15,801 25,869 
Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of businesses and real property(2,575)(44,000)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of businesses
Acquisitions of businesses
Acquisitions of businesses
Proceeds from divestitures and sale of other assets
Proceeds from divestitures and sale of other assets
Proceeds from divestitures and sale of other assetsProceeds from divestitures and sale of other assets1,026 1,275 
Proceeds from insurance claimsProceeds from insurance claims676 421 
Capital expendituresCapital expenditures(6,883)(4,982)
Net cash used in investing activities(7,756)(47,286)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:
Cash flows from financing activities:
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings from the credit facility
Borrowings from the credit facility
Borrowings from the credit facilityBorrowings from the credit facility70,700 51,700 
Payments against the credit facilityPayments against the credit facility(51,900)(28,800)
Payments on acquisition debt and obligations under finance leasesPayments on acquisition debt and obligations under finance leases(100)(127)
Payments on acquisition debt and obligations under finance leases
Payments on acquisition debt and obligations under finance leases
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan contributions
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan contributions
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan contributionsProceeds from the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan contributions663 526 
Taxes paid on restricted stock vestings and exercise of stock optionsTaxes paid on restricted stock vestings and exercise of stock options(289)(98)
Dividends paid on common stockDividends paid on common stock(1,725)(1,661)
Purchase of treasury stock(25,655)— 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) financing activities(8,306)21,540 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(261)123 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of periodCash and cash equivalents at beginning of period1,148 1,170 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of periodCash and cash equivalents at end of period$887 $1,293 
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(unaudited and in thousands)
Shares
Outstanding
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Treasury
Stock
Total
Balance – December 31, 202115,332 $263 $236,809 $135,462 $(244,519)$128,015 
Net income— — — 16,402 — 16,402 
Issuance of common stock from employee stock purchase plan13 — 603 — — 603 
Issuance of common stock to directors and board advisor— 147 — — 147 
Exercise of stock options— (22)— — (22)
Cancellation and surrender of restricted common stock(5)— (207)— — (207)
Stock-based compensation expense— — 1,460 — — 1,460 
Dividends on common stock— — (1,725)— — (1,725)
Treasury stock acquired(490)— — — (26,010)(26,010)
Other27 — 1,358 — — 1,358 
Balance – March 31, 202214,889 $263 $238,423 $151,864 $(270,529)$120,021 
Three months ended March 31, 2023
Shares
Outstanding
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Treasury
Stock
Total
Balance – December 31, 202214,732 $264 $238,780 $176,843 $(278,753)$137,134 
Net income— — — 8,844 — 8,844 
Issuance of common stock from employee stock purchase plan22 — 526 — — 526 
Issuance of common stock to directors and board advisor— 112 — — 112 
Issuance of common stock to former executive30 — 826 — — 826 
Issuance of restricted common stock142 (2)— — — 
Exercise of stock options— (21)— — (21)
Cancellation and surrender of restricted common stock(4)— (77)— — (77)
Stock-based compensation expense— — 1,203 — — 1,203 
Dividends on common stock— — (1,661)— — (1,661)
Other— 276 — — 276 
Balance – March 31, 202314,935 $266 $239,962 $185,687 $(278,753)$147,162 

Three months ended March 31, 2024Three months ended March 31, 2024
Shares
Outstanding
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Treasury
Stock
Total
Balance – December 31, 202214,732 $264 $238,780 $176,843 $(278,753)$137,134 
Shares
Outstanding
Shares
Outstanding
Shares
Outstanding
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Treasury
Stock
Total
Balance – December 31, 2023
Net incomeNet income— — — 8,844 — 8,844 
Issuance of common stock from employee stock purchase planIssuance of common stock from employee stock purchase plan22 — 526 — — 526 
Issuance of common stock to directors and board advisorIssuance of common stock to directors and board advisor— 112 — — 112 
Issuance of common stock to former executive30 — 826 — — 826 
Issuance of restricted common stockIssuance of restricted common stock142 (2)— — — 
Exercise of stock options— (21)— — (21)
Cancellation and surrender of common and restricted stock(4)— (77)— — (77)
Issuance of restricted common stock
Issuance of restricted common stock
Cancellation and surrender of restricted common stock
Cancellation and surrender of restricted common stock
Cancellation and surrender of restricted common stock
Stock-based compensation expenseStock-based compensation expense— — 1,203 — — 1,203 
Dividends on common stockDividends on common stock— — (1,661)— — (1,661)
OtherOther— 276 — — 276 
Balance – March 31, 202314,935 $266 $239,962 $185,687 $(278,753)$147,162 
Other
Other
Balance – March 31, 2024
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.









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CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
1.BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company
Carriage Services, Inc. (“Carriage,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a leading provider of funeral and cemetery services and merchandise in the United States. Our operations are reported in two business segments: Funeral Home Operations, which currently accounts for approximately 70% of our total revenue, and Cemetery Operations, which currently accounts for approximately 30% of our total revenue. At March 31, 2023,2024, we operated 173165 funeral homes in 26 states and 3231 cemeteries in 11 states.
Our funeral home operations are principally service businesses that generate revenue from sales of burial and cremation services and related merchandise, such as caskets and urns. Funeral services include consultation, the removal and preparation of remains, the sale of caskets and related funeral merchandise, the use of funeral home facilities for visitation and memorial services and transportation services. We provide funeral services and products on both an “atneed” (time of death) and “preneed” (planned prior to death) basis.
Our cemetery operations generate revenue primarily through sales of cemetery interment rights (primarily grave sites, lawn crypts, mausoleum spaces and niches), related cemetery merchandise (such as memorial markers, outer burial containers and monuments) and services (interments, inurnments and installation of cemetery merchandise). We provide cemetery services and products on both an atneed and preneed basis.
Principles of Consolidation and Interim Condensed Disclosures
Our unaudited consolidated financial statementsConsolidated Financial Statements include the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Our interim consolidated financial statementsConsolidated Financial Statements are unaudited, but include all adjustments, which consist of normal, recurring accruals, that are necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position and results of operations as of and for the interim periods presented.
There have been no material changes in our accounting policies previously disclosed in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in Note 1 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.2023. In addition, our unaudited consolidated financial statementsConsolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in a manner consistent with the accounting principles described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20222023 unless otherwise disclosed herein, and should be read in conjunction therewith.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our critical estimates and judgments, which include those related to the impairment of goodwill and the fair value measurements used in business combinations. These policies are considered critical because they may result in fluctuations in our reported results from period to period due to the significant judgments, estimates and assumptions about complex and inherently uncertain matters and because the use of different judgments, assumptions or estimates could have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. Actual results may differ from these estimates and such estimates may change if the underlying conditions or assumptions change. Historical performance should not be viewed as indicative of future performance because there can be no assurance the margins, operating income and net earnings, as a percentage of revenue, will be consistent from period to period.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Inventory
Inventory consists primarily of caskets, outer burial containers and cemetery monuments and markers and is recorded at the lower of its cost basis or net realizable value. Inventory is relieved using specific identification in fulfillment of performance obligations on our contracts.
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Deferred Revenue
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we withdrew $7.0 million of realized capital gains and earnings from our preneed funeral and cemetery trust investments. We did not withdraw any realized capital gains and earnings from our preneed trust investments during the three months ended March 31, 2024. In certain states, we are allowed to make these withdrawals prior to the delivery of preneed merchandise and service contracts. The realized capital gains and earnings withdrawn increase our cash flow from operations, but are not recognized as revenue in our Consolidated Statements of Operations, however, they reduce our Preneed funeral trust investments and Preneed cemetery trust investmentinvestments and increase our Deferred preneed funeral revenue and Deferred preneed cemetery revenue.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment is comprised of the following (in thousands):
December 31, 2022March 31, 2023
Land$84,405 $85,845 
Buildings and improvements251,778 261,203 
Furniture, equipment and automobiles70,522 73,374 
Property, plant and equipment, at cost406,705 420,422 
Less: accumulated depreciation(128,599)(131,109)
Property, plant and equipment, net$278,106 $289,313 
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we acquired $12.6 million of property, plant and equipment related to our 2023 business combination, described in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Land$87,635 $86,888 
Buildings and improvements263,522 260,864 
Furniture, equipment and vehicles74,372 72,880 
Property, plant and equipment, at cost425,529 420,632 
Less: accumulated depreciation(138,045)(138,667)
Property, plant and equipment, net$287,484 $281,965 
During the three months ended March 31, 2022,2024, we acquired real property for $2.6 million. We also divested twosold six funeral homes and one cemetery that had a carrying value of property, plant and equipment of $0.7$3.1 million, which was included in the loss on the sale of divestitures and recorded in Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairment charges.charges on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we acquired $12.8 million of property, plant and equipment related to our acquisition of a business located in Bakersfield, CA, as more fully described in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Our growth and maintenance capital expenditures totaled $4.6$2.9 million and $2.9$1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2023, respectively, for property, plant and equipment.2024, respectively. In addition, we recorded depreciation expense of $3.4$3.5 million and $3.5$3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2023,2024, respectively.
Cemetery Property
Cemetery property was $104.2$114.6 million and $113.3$114.0 million, net of accumulated amortization of $59.0$64.6 million and $59.8$66.2 million at December 31, 20222023 and March 31, 2023,2024, respectively. When cemetery property is sold, the value of the cemetery property (interment right costs) is expensed as amortization using the specific identification method in the period in which the sale of the interment right is recognized as revenue. Our growth capital expenditures for cemetery property development totaled $2.3$2.1 million and $2.1$2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2023,2024, respectively. We recorded amortization expense for cemetery interment rights of $1.3$1.2 million and $1.2$1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2023,2024, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we sold one cemetery that had a carrying value of cemetery property of $0.8 million, which was included in the loss on sale and recorded in Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairment charges on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we acquired cemetery property for $9.0 million related to our 2023acquisition of a business combination,located in Bakersfield, CA, as more fully described in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. We also divestedsold two cemeteries that had a carrying value of cemetery property of $0.8 million, which was included in the loss on the sale of divestitures and recorded in Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairment charges on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $5.1$3.5 million and $3.5$3.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2023,2024, respectively. Our operating tax rate before discrete items was 26.5%28.9% and 28.9%32.8% for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2023,2024, respectively.
Subsequent Events
We have evaluated events and transactions during the period subsequent to March 31, 20232024 through the date the financial statements were issued for potential recognition or disclosure in the accompanying financial statements covered by this report.
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2.RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Credit Losses - Vintage DisclosuresSegment Reporting
In March 2022,November 2023, the FASB issued ASU, Financial InstrumentsSegment Reporting - Credit LossesImprovements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“Topic 326”280”) to make the requirement to disclose gross write-offs by class of financing receivable and major security type consistent for all public business entities.improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendmentamendments in this update provides specific guidancerequire that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis (1) significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the disclosurechief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss; and (2) an amount for current period write-offsother segment items, as described in the amendments, by yearreportable segment and a description of origination for financing receivables. This amendment isits composition. Additionally, the amendments require that a public entity disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022,2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and therefore waswere effective for us for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2023. Our2024 and for interim periods within our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2025. We expect the adoption of these amendments hadwill have no impact on our consolidated financial statements.Consolidated Financial Statements.
Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
Income Taxes
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU, Income Taxes - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“Topic 740”) to enhance the transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The amendments in this update require that public business entities on an annual basis (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation; and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than five percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income (loss) by the applicable statutory income tax rate). The amendments in this update also require that all entities disclose on an annual basis (1) the amount of net income taxes paid disaggregated by federal and state taxes; and (2) the amount of net income taxes paid disaggregated by individual jurisdictions in which net income taxes paid is equal to or greater than five percent of total net income taxes paid. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. We plan to adopt the amendments of Topic 740 for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2025. We expect the adoption will have no impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
3. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
Tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at fair value and goodwill is recognized for any difference between the price of the acquisition and fair value. We recognize the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date, measured at the fair value as of that date. Acquisition related costs are recognized separately from the acquisition and are expensed as incurred. We customarily estimate related transaction costs known at closing. To the extent that information not available to us at the closing date subsequently becomes available during the measurement period, we may adjust goodwill, intangible assets, assets or liabilities associated with the acquisition.
We did not acquire any businesses during the three months ended March 31, 2024. On March 22, 2023, we acquired a business consisting of three funeral homes, two cemeteries and one cremation focused business in the Bakersfield, CaliforniaCA area for $44.0 million in cash. We acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain operating liabilities of this business.
The pro forma impact of this acquisition on prior periods is not presented, as the impact is not significant to our reported results. The results of the acquired business are reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Operations from the date of acquisition.
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The measurement period to determinefollowing table summarizes the fair values of acquired identifiable assets and assumed liabilities will end at the earlier of 12 months from the datebreakdown of the acquisition or as soon as we receive the information we are seeking about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. We recorded provisional estimatespurchase price allocation for the assets and liabilities acquired as our valuations have not been finalized at March 31, 2023.
Estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in this transaction as of the closing date are as followsBakersfield, CA business acquisition (in thousands):
Estimated Fair Values
Current assets$7,087 
Property, plant & equipment12,577 
Cemetery property9,035 
Goodwill13,612 
Intangible and other non-current assets3,763 
Assumed liabilities(300)
Deferred revenue(1,774)
Purchase price$44,000 
Initial Purchase Price AllocationAdjustmentsAdjusted Purchase Price Allocation
Current assets$7,087 $131 $7,218 
Preneed trust assets— 11,428 11,428 
Property, plant & equipment12,577 245 12,822 
Cemetery property9,035 — 9,035 
Goodwill13,612 (106)13,506 
Intangible and other non-current assets3,763 — 3,763 
Assumed liabilities(300)(66)(366)
Preneed trust liabilities— (11,428)(11,428)
Deferred revenue(1,774)(204)(1,978)
Purchase price$44,000 $— $44,000 
The current assets relate to accounts receivable and inventory. The intangible and other non-current assets relate to the fair value of tradenames and right-of-use operating lease assets. The assumed liabilities relate to operating lease obligations. We did not estimate a fair value for cemetery perpetual care assetsobligations and liabilitiescommissions payable. As of December 31, 2023, our accounting for this acquisition as this information was not yet available. However, these trust assets and liabilities offset in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.complete.
The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for this business (in thousands):
Acquisition DateAcquisition DateType of BusinessMarketAssets Acquired (Excluding
Goodwill)
Goodwill
Recorded
Liabilities
and Debt
Assumed
Acquisition DateType of BusinessMarketAssets Acquired (Excluding
Goodwill)
Goodwill
Recorded
Liabilities
and Debt
Assumed
March 22, 2023March 22, 2023Three Funeral Homes, Two Cemeteries and One Cremation Focused BusinessBakersfield, CA$32,462 $13,612 $(2,074)
We did not acquire any businesses during the three months ended March 31, 2022.
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4.GOODWILL
The following table presents changes in goodwill in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet (in thousands):
December 31, 2022March 31, 2023
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Goodwill at the beginning of the periodGoodwill at the beginning of the period$391,972 $410,137 
Increase in goodwill related to acquisitionsIncrease in goodwill related to acquisitions19,511 13,612 
Decrease in goodwill related to divestituresDecrease in goodwill related to divestitures(901)— 
Decrease in goodwill related to assets held for sale(445)— 
Goodwill at the end of the periodGoodwill at the end of the period$410,137 $423,749 
Goodwill at the end of the period
Goodwill at the end of the period
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we allocated $8.7 million of goodwill to the sale of six funeral homes and one cemetery for a loss recorded in Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairments charges, of which $7.8 million was allocated to our funeral homes segment and $1.0 million was allocated to our cemetery segment.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recognized $13.6$13.5 million in goodwill related to our 2023acquisition of a business combination; $5.7located in Bakersfield, CA, of which $4.5 million was allocated to our cemetery segment and $7.9$9.0 million was allocated to our funeral home segment.
5.DIVESTED OPERATIONS
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we sold six funeral homes and one cemetery for an aggregate of $10.9 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we sold one funeral home and two cemeteries for an aggregate of $0.8 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we sold two funeral homes for an aggregate of $0.9 million.
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The operating results of these divested funeral homes and cemeteries are reflected on our Consolidated Statements of Operations as shown in the table below (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Revenue
Revenue
RevenueRevenue$137 $66 
Operating incomeOperating income26 
Operating income
Operating income
Loss on divestitures(1)
Loss on divestitures(1)
Loss on divestitures(1)
Loss on divestitures(1)
(703)(82)
Income tax benefitIncome tax benefit186 16 
Income tax benefit
Income tax benefit
Net loss from divested operations, after taxNet loss from divested operations, after tax$(515)$(40)
Net loss from divested operations, after tax
Net loss from divested operations, after tax
(1)
Loss on divestitures is recorded in Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairments charges on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
6.RECEIVABLES
Accounts Receivable
Our funeral receivables are recorded in Accounts receivable, net and primarily consist of amounts due for funeral services already performed.
Atneed cemetery receivables and preneed cemetery receivables with payments expected to be received within one year from the balance sheet date are also recorded in Accounts receivable, net. net. Preneed cemetery receivables with payments expected to be received beyond one year from the balance sheet date are recorded in Preneed cemetery receivables, net.net.
Accounts receivable is comprised of the following (in thousands):
March 31, 2023
FuneralCemeteryCorporateTotal
March 31, 2024March 31, 2024
FuneralFuneralCemeteryCorporateTotal
Trade and financed receivablesTrade and financed receivables$8,441 $14,753 $— $23,194 
Other receivablesOther receivables598 699 470 1,767 
Allowance for credit lossesAllowance for credit losses(299)(775)— (1,074)
Accounts receivable, netAccounts receivable, net$8,740 $14,677 $470 $23,887 
December 31, 2022
FuneralCemeteryCorporateTotal
Trade and financed receivables$9,518 $14,429 $— $23,947 
Other receivables643 833 48 1,524 
Allowance for credit losses(311)(702)— (1,013)
Accounts receivable, net$9,850 $14,560 $48 $24,458 
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December 31, 2023
FuneralCemeteryCorporateTotal
Trade and financed receivables$8,822 $18,459 $— $27,281 
Other receivables404 595 286 1,285 
Allowance for credit losses(266)(1,240)— (1,506)
Accounts receivable, net$8,960 $17,814 $286 $27,060 
Other receivables include supplier rebates, commissions due from third party insurance companies and perpetual care income receivables. We do not provide an allowance for credit losses for these receivables as we have historically not had any collectability issues nor do we expect any in the foreseeable future.
The following table summarizes the activity in our allowance for credit losses by segment (in thousands):
January 1, 2023Provision for Credit LossesWrite OffsRecoveriesMarch 31, 2023
January 1, 2024
January 1, 2024
January 1, 2024Provision for Credit LossesWrite OffsRecoveriesMarch 31, 2024
Trade and financed receivables:Trade and financed receivables:
FuneralFuneral$(311)$(295)$621 $(314)$(299)
Funeral
Funeral
CemeteryCemetery(702)(152)79 — (775)
Total allowance for credit losses on Trade and financed receivables$(1,013)$(447)$700 $(314)$(1,074)
Total allowance for credit losses on trade and financed receivables
Balances due on undelivered preneed funeral trust contracts have been reclassified to reduce Deferred preneed funeral revenue on our Consolidated Balance Sheet of $8.9 million and $10.4$10.7 million at both December 31, 20222023 and March 31, 2023, respectively.2024. As these performance obligations are to be completed after the date of death, we cannot quantify the recognition of revenue in future periods. However, we estimate an average maturity period of ten years for preneed funeral contracts.
Preneed
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Cemetery Receivables
Our preneed cemetery receivables are comprised of the following (in thousands):
December 31, 2022March 31, 2023
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Interment rightsInterment rights$45,351 $45,875 
Merchandise and servicesMerchandise and services8,585 8,828 
Unearned finance chargesUnearned finance charges4,894 4,912 
Preneed cemetery receivables$58,830 $59,615 
Cemetery receivables
The components of our preneed cemetery receivables are as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2022March 31, 2023
Preneed cemetery receivables$58,830 $59,615 
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Cemetery receivables
Less: unearned finance chargesLess: unearned finance charges(4,894)(4,912)
Preneed cemetery receivables, at amortized cost$53,936 $54,703 
Cemetery receivables, at amortized cost
Less: allowance for credit lossesLess: allowance for credit losses(1,985)(2,165)
Less: balances due on undelivered cemetery preneed contractsLess: balances due on undelivered cemetery preneed contracts(11,552)(11,870)
Less: amounts in accounts receivableLess: amounts in accounts receivable(13,727)(13,978)
Preneed cemetery receivables, netPreneed cemetery receivables, net$26,672 $26,690 
The following table summarizes the activity in our allowance for credit losses for Preneed cemetery receivables, net (in thousands):
January 1, 2023Provision for Credit LossesWrite OffsMarch 31, 2023
Total allowance for credit losses on Preneed cemetery receivables, net
$(1,283)$(252)$145 $(1,390)
January 1, 2024Provision for Credit LossesWrite OffsMarch 31, 2024
Total allowance for credit losses on Preneed cemetery receivables, net
$(2,255)$(336)$292 $(2,299)
The amortized cost basis of our preneed cemetery receivables by year of origination at March 31, 20232024 is as follows (in thousands):
20232022202120202019PriorTotal
Total preneed cemetery receivables, at amortized cost$7,754 $23,937 $11,623 $6,185 $3,092 $2,112 $54,703 
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20242023202220212020PriorTotal
Total preneed cemetery receivables, at amortized cost$12,395 $29,871 $17,435 $8,853 $3,818 $2,270 $74,642 
The aging of past due preneed cemetery receivables at March 31, 20232024 is as follows (in thousands):
31-60
Past Due
61-90
Past Due
91-120
Past Due
>120
Past Due
Total Past
Due
CurrentTotal
31-60
Past Due
31-60
Past Due
61-90
Past Due
91-120
Past Due
>120
Past Due
Total Past
Due
CurrentTotal
Recognized revenueRecognized revenue$874 $399 $277 $2,254 $3,804 $39,029 $42,833 
Deferred revenueDeferred revenue220 114 56 1,080 1,470 15,312 16,782 
Total contractsTotal contracts$1,094 $513 $333 $3,334 $5,274 $54,341 $59,615 
Balances due on undelivered preneed cemetery contracts have been reclassified to reduce Deferred preneed cemetery revenue on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The transaction price allocated to preneed merchandise and service performance obligations that were unfulfilled were $11.6$15.8 million and $11.9$16.5 million at December 31, 20222023 and March 31, 2023,2024, respectively. As these performance obligations are to be completed after the date of death, we cannot quantify the recognition of revenue in future periods. However, we estimate an average maturity period of eight years for preneed cemetery contracts.
7.FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
We evaluated our financial assets and liabilities for those that met the criteria of the disclosure requirements and fair value framework. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate the fair values of those instruments due to the short-term nature of the instruments. The fair values of our receivables on preneed cemetery contracts are impracticable to estimate because of the lack of a trading market and the diverse number of individual contracts with varying terms. Our acquisition debt and Credit Facility (as defined in Note 11) and Senior Notes (as defined in Note 12) are classified within Level 2 of the Fair Value Measurements hierarchy.
At March 31, 2023,2024, the carrying value and fair value of our Credit Facility was $213.6$154.1 million. We believe that our Credit Facility bears interest at a rate that approximates prevailing market rates for instruments with similar characteristics and therefore, the carrying value of our Credit Facility approximates fair value. We estimate the fair value of our acquisition debt utilizing an income approach, which uses a present value calculation to discount payments based on current market rates as
- 12 -

of the reporting date. At March 31, 2023,2024, the carrying value of our acquisition debt was $4.0$6.0 million, which approximated its fair value. The fair value of our Senior Notes was $328.2$355.2 million at March 31, 20232024 based on the last traded or broker quoted price.
We identified investments in fixed income securities, common stock and mutual funds presented within the preneed and perpetual care trust investments categories on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as having met the criteria for fair value measurement. Where quoted prices are available in an active market, investments held by the trusts are classified as Level 1 investments pursuant to the three-level valuation hierarchy. Our Level 1 investments include cash, U.S. treasury debt, common stock and equity mutual funds. Where quoted market prices are not available for the specific security, then fair values are estimated by using quoted prices of similar securities in active markets or inputs other than quoted prices that can corroborate observable market data. These investments are fixed income securities, including U.S. agency obligations, foreign debt, corporate debt, preferred stocks, certificates of deposit and fixed income mutual funds and other investments, all of which are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.
In addition, we have an investment in a limited partnership fund, whose fair value has been estimated using the net asset value per share practical expedient described in ASC 820-10-35-59, Fair Value Measurement of Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent)and therefore, has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The investment strategy of this fund is to generate attractive, risk-adjusted returns over a multi-year performance period through the construction of a concentrated portfolio of investments possessing certain distinct business attributes that suggest the potential for long-term value creation. Beginning March 31, 2024, the agreement permits us to withdraw a percentage of the value of the investments in this fund cannot be redeemed becausethrough quarterly withdrawal dates with the investments include restrictions that do not allow for redemption withinintention to permit withdrawal of the first 12 months after acquisition.entire investment over twelve successive withdrawal dates. Our unfunded commitment for this investment at March 31, 2023 is2024 was $10.0 million.
Our receivables from preneed funeral trusts represent assets in trusts which are controlled and operated by third parties in which we do not have a controlling financial interest (less than 50%) in the trust assets. We account for these investments at cost. See Notes 8 and 9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for the fair value hierarchy levels of our trust investments.
8.TRUST INVESTMENTS
Preneed trust investments represent trust fund assets that we are generally permitted to withdraw as the services and merchandise are provided to customers. Preneed funeral and cemetery contracts are secured by payments from customers, less amounts not required by law to be deposited into trust. These earnings are recognized in Other revenue on ourConsolidated Statements of Operations, when a service is performed or merchandise is delivered. Trust management fees charged by CSV RIAour wholly-owned registered investment advisory firm are included as revenue in the period in which they are earned. Our investments are diversified across multiple industry segments using a balanced allocation strategy to minimize long-term risk. We do not intend to sell and it is likely that we will not be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery.
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Cemetery perpetual care trust investments represent a portion of the proceeds from the sale of cemetery property interment rights that we are required by various state laws to deposit into perpetual care trust funds. The income earned from these perpetual care trusts offsets maintenance expenses for cemetery property and memorials. This trust fund income is recognized in Other revenue.
Changes in the fair value of our trust fund assets (Preneed funeral, cemetery and perpetual care trust investments) are offset by changes in the fair value of our trust fund liabilities (Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery receipts held in trust and Care trusts’ corpus) and reflected in Other, net. There is no impact on earnings until such time the services are performed or the merchandise is delivered, causing the contract to be withdrawn from the trust in accordance with state regulations and the gain or loss is allocated to the contract.
We rely on our trust investments to provide funding for the various contractual obligations that arise upon maturity of the underlying preneed contracts. Because of the long-term relationship between the establishment of trust investments and the required performance of the underlying contractual obligations, the impact of current market conditions that may exist at any given time is not necessarily indicative of our ability to generate profit on our future performance obligations.
Preneed Cemetery Trust Investments
The components of Preneed cemetery trust investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheet are as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2022March 31, 2023
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Preneed cemetery trust investments, at market valuePreneed cemetery trust investments, at market value$98,269 $89,473 
Less: allowance for contract cancellationLess: allowance for contract cancellation(3,204)(3,014)
Preneed cemetery trust investmentsPreneed cemetery trust investments$95,065 $86,459 
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The cost and market values associated with preneed cemetery trust investments at March 31, 20232024 are detailed below (in thousands):
Fair Value Hierarchy LevelCostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Market
Value
Fair Value Hierarchy LevelFair Value Hierarchy LevelCostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accountsCash and money market accounts1$4,677 $— $— $4,677 
Fixed income securities:Fixed income securities:
U.S. agency obligations
U.S. agency obligations
U.S. agency obligationsU.S. agency obligations2803 — (55)748 
Foreign debtForeign debt211,679 728 (703)11,704 
Corporate debtCorporate debt215,241 168 (5,260)10,149 
Preferred stockPreferred stock212,012 438 (1,701)10,749 
Certificates of depositCertificates of deposit279 — (8)71 
Common stockCommon stock139,861 4,811 (7,491)37,181 
Limited partnership fundLimited partnership fund3,730 10 — 3,740 
Mutual funds:Mutual funds:
EquityEquity1572 — (72)500 
Equity
Equity
Fixed incomeFixed income211,803 11 (3,029)8,785 
Trust securitiesTrust securities$100,457 $6,166 $(18,319)$88,304 
Accrued investment incomeAccrued investment income$1,169 $1,169 
Preneed cemetery trust investmentsPreneed cemetery trust investments$89,473 
Market value as a percentage of costMarket value as a percentage of cost87.9%Market value as a percentage of cost93.5%
The estimated maturities of the fixed income securities (excluding mutual funds) included above are as follows (in thousands):
Due in one year or less$1,291136 
Due in one to five years9,68212,662 
Due in five to ten years4,2853,303 
Thereafter18,16317,104 
Total fixed income securities$33,42133,205 
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The cost and market values associated with preneed cemetery trust investments at December 31, 20222023 are detailed below (in thousands):
Fair Value Hierarchy LevelCostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Market
Value
Fair Value Hierarchy LevelFair Value Hierarchy LevelCostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accountsCash and money market accounts1$10,434 $— $— $10,434 
Fixed income securities:Fixed income securities:
U.S. agency obligations
U.S. agency obligations
U.S. agency obligationsU.S. agency obligations2803 — (72)731 
Foreign debtForeign debt212,241 910 (644)12,507 
Corporate debtCorporate debt215,066 104 (4,139)11,031 
Preferred stockPreferred stock212,560 436 (1,789)11,207 
Certificate of depositCertificate of deposit279 — (8)71 
Common stockCommon stock142,929 5,102 (6,228)41,803 
Common stock
Common stock
Limited partnership fund
Mutual funds:Mutual funds:
Equity
Equity
EquityEquity1362 — (33)329 
Fixed incomeFixed income212,324 10 (3,310)9,024 
Trust SecuritiesTrust Securities$106,798 $6,562 $(16,223)$97,137 
Accrued investment incomeAccrued investment income$1,132 $1,132 
Preneed cemetery trust investmentsPreneed cemetery trust investments$98,269 
Market value as a percentage of costMarket value as a percentage of cost91.0%Market value as a percentage of cost95.8%
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The following table summarizes our fixed income securities (excluding mutual funds) within our preneed cemetery trust investments in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2023,2024, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):
March 31, 2023
In Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Greater than 12 monthsTotal
Fair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized Losses
March 31, 2024March 31, 2024
In Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Greater than 12 monthsTotal
Fair Market ValueFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:Fixed income securities:
U.S. agency obligations
U.S. agency obligations
U.S. agency obligationsU.S. agency obligations$— $— $748 $(55)$748 $(55)
Foreign debtForeign debt3,899 (309)1,649 (394)5,548 (703)
Corporate debtCorporate debt4,032 (566)3,084 (4,694)7,116 (5,260)
Preferred stockPreferred stock4,460 (974)4,794 (727)9,254 (1,701)
Certificates of depositCertificates of deposit— — 71 (8)71 (8)
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized lossTotal fixed income securities with an unrealized loss$12,391 $(1,849)$10,346 $(5,878)$22,737 $(7,727)
The following table summarizes our fixed income securities (excluding mutual funds) within our preneed cemetery trust investments in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2022,2023, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):
December 31, 2022
In Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Greater than 12 monthsTotal
Fair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
U.S. agency obligations$732 $(72)$— $— $732 $(72)
Foreign debt5,394 (308)744 (336)6,138 (644)
Corporate debt8,037 (3,922)563 (217)8,600 (4,139)
Preferred stock7,146 (1,271)2,517 (518)9,663 (1,789)
Certificates of deposit71 (8)— — 71 (8)
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized loss$21,380 $(5,581)$3,824 $(1,071)$25,204 $(6,652)
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December 31, 2023
In Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Greater than 12 monthsTotal
Fair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
U.S. agency obligations$— $— $613 $(51)$613 $(51)
Foreign debt284 (5)209 (12)493 (17)
Corporate debt666 (62)4,239 (3,595)4,905 (3,657)
Preferred stock45 — 7,821 (1,572)7,866 (1,572)
Certificates of deposit— — 72 (7)72 (7)
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized loss$995 $(67)$12,954 $(5,237)$13,949 $(5,304)
Preneed cemetery trust investment security transactions recorded in Other, net on our Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Investment income
Investment income
Investment incomeInvestment income$491 $590 
Realized gainsRealized gains2,023 1,273 
Realized gains
Realized gains
Realized lossesRealized losses(63)(877)
Unrealized gains (losses), net6,877 (12,153)
Realized losses
Realized losses
Unrealized losses, net
Unrealized losses, net
Unrealized losses, net
Expenses and taxes
Expenses and taxes
Expenses and taxesExpenses and taxes(364)(306)
Net change in deferred preneed cemetery receipts held in trustNet change in deferred preneed cemetery receipts held in trust(8,964)11,473 
$— $— 
Net change in deferred preneed cemetery receipts held in trust
Net change in deferred preneed cemetery receipts held in trust
$
$
$
Purchases and sales of investments in the preneed cemetery trusts are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Purchases
Purchases
PurchasesPurchases$(1,315)$(6,354)
SalesSales200 3,045 
Sales
Sales
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Preneed Funeral Trust Investments
Preneed funeral trust investments represent trust fund assets that we are permitted to withdraw as services and merchandise are provided to customers. Preneed funeral contracts are secured by payments from customers, less retained amounts not required to be deposited into trust.
The components of Preneed funeral trust investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheet are as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2022March 31, 2023
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Preneed funeral trust investments, at market valuePreneed funeral trust investments, at market value$107,995 $104,795 
Less: allowance for contract cancellationLess: allowance for contract cancellation(3,442)(3,429)
Preneed funeral trust investmentsPreneed funeral trust investments$104,553 $101,366 
The cost and market values associated with preneed funeral trust investments at March 31, 20232024 are detailed below (in thousands):
Fair Value Hierarchy LevelCostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accounts1$23,031 $— $— $23,031 
Fixed income securities:
U.S treasury debt1484 — (35)449 
Foreign debt211,219 709 (661)11,267 
Corporate debt213,980 156 (4,787)9,349 
Preferred stock211,084 426 (1,621)9,889 
Common stock136,620 4,625 (6,688)34,557 
Limited partnership fund3,633 11 — 3,644 
Mutual funds:
Equity1431— (64)367 
Fixed income210,247 11 (2,667)7,591 
Other investments23,556 — — 3,556 
Trust securities$114,285 $5,938 $(16,523)$103,700 
Accrued investment income$1,095 $1,095 
Preneed funeral trust investments$104,795 
Market value as a percentage of cost90.7%
- 15 -


Fair Value Hierarchy LevelCostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accounts1$39,108 $— $— $39,108 
Fixed income securities:
U.S treasury debt1405 — (37)368 
Foreign debt27,217 1,346 (13)8,550 
Corporate debt213,931 237 (2,162)12,006 
Preferred stock210,084 455 (1,645)8,894 
Common stock130,277 2,170 (4,557)27,890 
Limited partnership fund3,342 278 — 3,620 
Mutual funds:
Equity1397(19)386 
Fixed income210,353 27 (1,936)8,444 
Other investments23,046 — — 3,046 
Trust securities$118,160 $4,521 $(10,369)$112,312 
Accrued investment income$1,065 $1,065 
Preneed funeral trust investments$113,377 
Market value as a percentage of cost95.1%
The estimated maturities of the fixed income securities (excluding mutual funds) included above are as follows (in thousands):
Due in one year or less$1,20480 
Due in one to five years8,77011,310 
Due in five to ten years4,0222,962 
Thereafter16,95815,466 
Total fixed income securities$30,95429,818 
- 16 -

The cost and market values associated with preneed funeral trust investments at December 31, 20222023 are detailed below (in thousands):
Fair Value Hierarchy LevelCostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Market
Value
Fair Value Hierarchy LevelFair Value Hierarchy LevelCostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accountsCash and money market accounts1$29,641 $— $— $29,641 
Fixed income securities:Fixed income securities:
U.S. treasury debt
U.S. treasury debt
U.S. treasury debtU.S. treasury debt1484 — (45)439 
Foreign debtForeign debt210,851 818 (555)11,114 
Corporate debtCorporate debt212,735 89 (3,443)9,381 
Preferred stockPreferred stock210,730 391 (1,564)9,557 
Common stockCommon stock136,478 4,485 (5,187)35,776 
Common stock
Common stock
Limited partnership fund
Mutual funds:Mutual funds:
Equity
Equity
EquityEquity1326 — (30)296 
Fixed incomeFixed income29,907 (2,691)7,225 
Other investmentsOther investments23,592 — — 3,592 
Trust securitiesTrust securities$114,744 $5,792 $(13,515)$107,021 
Accrued investment incomeAccrued investment income$974 $974 
Preneed funeral trust investmentsPreneed funeral trust investments$107,995 
Market value as a percentage of costMarket value as a percentage of cost93.3%Market value as a percentage of cost97.3%
The following table summarizes our fixed income securities (excluding mutual funds) within our preneed funeral trust investment in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2023,2024, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):
March 31, 2023
In Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Greater than 12 monthsTotal
Fair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
U.S. treasury debt$— $— $449 $(35)$449 $(35)
Foreign debt3,749 (302)1,520 (359)5,269 (661)
Corporate debt3,904 (550)2,548 (4,237)6,452 (4,787)
Preferred stock3,888 (899)4,545 (722)8,433 (1,621)
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized loss$11,541 $(1,751)$9,062 $(5,353)$20,603 $(7,104)
- 16 -


March 31, 2024
In Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Greater than 12 monthsTotal
Fair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
U.S. treasury debt$— $— $368 $(37)$368 $(37)
Foreign debt— — 464 (13)464 (13)
Corporate debt635 (14)4,423 (2,148)5,058 (2,162)
Preferred stock830 (4)6,817 (1,641)7,647 (1,645)
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized loss$1,465 $(18)$12,072 $(3,839)$13,537 $(3,857)
The following table summarizes our fixed income securities (excluding mutual funds) within our preneed funeral trust investment in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2022,2023, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):
December 31, 2022
In Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Greater than 12 monthsTotal
Fair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized Losses
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023
In Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Greater than 12 monthsTotal
Fair Market ValueFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:Fixed income securities:
U.S. treasury debt
U.S. treasury debt
U.S. treasury debtU.S. treasury debt$439 $(45)$— $— $439 $(45)
Foreign debtForeign debt4,766 (274)626 (281)5,392 (555)
Corporate debtCorporate debt6,742 (3,248)506 (195)7,248 (3,443)
Preferred stockPreferred stock5,908 (1,099)2,261 (465)8,169 (1,564)
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized lossTotal fixed income securities with an unrealized loss$17,855 $(4,666)$3,393 $(941)$21,248 $(5,607)
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized loss
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized loss
- 17 -

Preneed funeral trust investment security transactions recorded in Other, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Investment income
Investment income
Investment incomeInvestment income$366 $486 
Realized gainsRealized gains1,743 1,240 
Realized gains
Realized gains
Realized lossesRealized losses(58)(837)
Unrealized gains (losses), net6,527 (10,585)
Realized losses
Realized losses
Unrealized losses, net
Unrealized losses, net
Unrealized losses, net
Expenses and taxes
Expenses and taxes
Expenses and taxesExpenses and taxes(215)(192)
Net change in deferred preneed funeral receipts held in trustNet change in deferred preneed funeral receipts held in trust(8,363)9,888 
$— $— 
Net change in deferred preneed funeral receipts held in trust
Net change in deferred preneed funeral receipts held in trust
$
$
$
Purchases and sales of investments in the preneed funeral trusts are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Purchases
Purchases
PurchasesPurchases$(590)$(6,063)
SalesSales500 2,943 
Sales
Sales
Cemetery Perpetual Care Trust Investments
Care trusts’ corpus on our Consolidated Balance Sheet representrepresents the corpus of those trusts plus undistributed income. The components of Care trusts’ corpus are as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2022March 31, 2023
Cemetery perpetual care trust investments, at market value$66,307 $65,322 
Obligations due from trust(812)(970)
Care trusts’ corpus$65,495 $64,352 
- 17 -


December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Cemetery perpetual care trust investments, at market value$85,331 $87,802 
Obligations (due from) due to trust(980)198 
Care trusts’ corpus$84,351 $88,000 
The following table reflects the cost and market values associated with the trust investments held in cemetery perpetual care trust funds at March 31, 20232024 (in thousands):
Fair Value Hierarchy LevelCostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Market
Value
Fair Value Hierarchy LevelFair Value Hierarchy LevelCostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accountsCash and money market accounts1$2,703 $— $— $2,703 
Fixed income securities:Fixed income securities:
Foreign debt
Foreign debt
Foreign debtForeign debt28,926 514 (583)8,857 
Corporate debtCorporate debt211,344 180 (4,030)7,494 
Preferred stockPreferred stock210,004 309 (1,357)8,956 
Common stockCommon stock128,291 3,469 (5,319)26,441 
Common stock
Common stock
Limited partnership fundLimited partnership fund2,637 — 2,645 
Mutual funds:Mutual funds:
EquityEquity1419 — (54)365 
Fixed Income29,188 30 (2,240)6,978 
Equity
Equity
Fixed income
Trust securities
Trust securities
Trust securitiesTrust securities$73,512 $4,510 $(13,583)$64,439 
Accrued investment incomeAccrued investment income$883 $883 
Cemetery perpetual care investmentsCemetery perpetual care investments$65,322 
Market value as a percentage of costMarket value as a percentage of cost87.7%Market value as a percentage of cost93.5%
- 18 -

The estimated maturities of the fixed income securities (excluding mutual funds) included above are as follows (in thousands):
Due in one year or less$817 
Due in one to five years6,40010,687 
Due in five to ten years3,2432,905 
Thereafter14,84715,472 
Total fixed income securities$25,30729,064 
The following table reflects the cost and market values associated with the trust investments held in cemetery perpetual care trust funds at December 31, 20222023 (in thousands):
Fair Value Hierarchy LevelCostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accounts1$5,326 $— $— $5,326 
Fixed income securities:
Foreign debt28,746 600 (470)8,876 
Corporate debt210,540 118 (2,961)7,697 
Preferred stock29,831 287 (1,374)8,744 
Common stock128,625 3,443 (4,297)27,771 
Mutual funds:
Equity1345 (22)325 
Fixed income29,046 26 (2,310)6,762 
Trust securities$72,459 $4,476 $(11,434)$65,501 
Accrued investment income$806 $806 
Cemetery perpetual care investments$66,307 
Market value as a percentage of cost90.4%

- 18 -


Fair Value Hierarchy LevelCostUnrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Market
Value
Cash and money market accounts1$6,688 $— $— $6,688 
Fixed income securities:
Foreign debt27,101 1,177 (18)8,260 
Corporate debt213,491 334 (3,367)10,458 
Preferred stock210,723 415 (1,435)9,703 
Common stock136,413 8,098 (6,580)37,931 
Limited partnership fund3,042 — (2)3,040 
Mutual funds:
Equity1467 (26)446 
Fixed income210,326 14 (2,382)7,958 
Trust securities$88,251 $10,043 $(13,810)$84,484 
Accrued investment income$847 $847 
Cemetery perpetual care investments$85,331 
Market value as a percentage of cost95.7%
The following table summarizes our fixed income securities (excluding mutual funds) within our cemetery perpetual care trust investment in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2023,2024, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):
March 31, 2023
In Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Greater than 12 monthsTotal
Fair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized Losses
March 31, 2024March 31, 2024
In Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Greater than 12 monthsTotal
Fair Market ValueFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:Fixed income securities:
Foreign debt
Foreign debt
Foreign debtForeign debt$3,204 $(273)$1,300 $(310)$4,504 $(583)
Corporate debtCorporate debt2,930 (410)2,098 (3,620)5,028 (4,030)
Preferred stockPreferred stock3,862 (812)4,037 (545)7,899 (1,357)
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized lossTotal fixed income securities with an unrealized loss$9,996 $(1,495)$7,435 $(4,475)$17,431 $(5,970)
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized loss
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized loss
- 19 -

The following table summarizes our fixed income securities (excluding mutual funds) within our perpetual care trust investment in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2022,2023, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):
December 31, 2022
In Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Greater than 12 monthsTotal
Fair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized Losses
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023
In Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Less than 12 monthsIn Loss Position Greater than 12 monthsTotal
Fair Market ValueFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized LossesFair Market ValueUnrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:Fixed income securities:
Foreign debt
Foreign debt
Foreign debtForeign debt$4,123 $(218)$554 $(252)$4,677 $(470)
Corporate debtCorporate debt5,413 (2,818)371 (143)5,784 (2,961)
Preferred stockPreferred stock6,066 (1,032)1,659 (342)7,725 (1,374)
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized lossTotal fixed income securities with an unrealized loss$15,602 $(4,068)$2,584 $(737)$18,186 $(4,805)
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized loss
Total fixed income securities with an unrealized loss
Cemetery perpetual care trust investment security transactions recorded in Other, net on our Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Realized gains
Realized gains
Realized gainsRealized gains$250 $160 
Realized lossesRealized losses(8)(177)
Unrealized gains (losses), net4,728 (9,073)
Realized losses
Realized losses
Unrealized losses, net
Unrealized losses, net
Unrealized losses, net
Net change in care trusts’ corpus
Net change in care trusts’ corpus
Net change in care trusts’ corpusNet change in care trusts’ corpus(4,970)9,090 
TotalTotal$— $— 
Total
Total
Cemetery perpetual care trust investment security transactions recorded in Other revenue are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Investment income
Investment income
Investment incomeInvestment income$2,762 $3,197 
Realized losses, netRealized losses, net(346)(456)
Realized losses, net
Realized losses, net
TotalTotal$2,416 $2,741 
Total
Total
Purchases and sales of investments in the cemetery perpetual care trusts are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Purchases
Purchases
PurchasesPurchases$(131)$(4,401)
SalesSales— 2,210 
Sales
Sales
- 19 -


9.RECEIVABLES FROM PRENEED FUNERAL TRUSTS
Our receivables from preneed funeral trusts represent assets in trusts which are controlled and operated by third parties in which we do not have a controlling financial interest (less than 50%) in the trust assets. We account for these investments at cost. Receivables from preneed funeral trusts are as follows (in thousands): 
December 31, 2022March 31, 2023
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Preneed funeral trust funds, at costPreneed funeral trust funds, at cost$20,594 $20,975 
Less: allowance for contract cancellationLess: allowance for contract cancellation(618)(629)
Receivables from preneed funeral trusts, netReceivables from preneed funeral trusts, net$19,976 $20,346 
The following summary reflects the composition of the assets held in trust and controlled by third parties to satisfy our future obligations related to the underlying preneed funeral contracts at December 31, 20222023 and March 31, 2023.2024. The cost basis includes reinvested interest and dividends that have been earned on the trust assets. Fair value includes unrealized gains and losses on trust assets.
- 20 -

The composition of the preneed funeral trust funds at March 31, 20232024 is as follows (in thousands):
Historical
Cost Basis
Fair Value
Historical
Cost Basis
Historical
Cost Basis
Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$6,191 $6,191 
Fixed income investmentsFixed income investments12,031 12,031 
Mutual funds and common stocksMutual funds and common stocks2,750 2,518 
AnnuitiesAnnuities
TotalTotal$20,975 $20,743 
The composition of the preneed funeral trust funds at December 31, 20222023 is as follows (in thousands):
Historical
Cost Basis
Fair Value
Historical
Cost Basis
Historical
Cost Basis
Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$6,071 $6,071 
Fixed income investmentsFixed income investments11,795 11,795 
Mutual funds and common stocksMutual funds and common stocks2,725 2,440 
AnnuitiesAnnuities
TotalTotal$20,594 $20,309 
10.INTANGIBLE AND OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Intangible and other non-current assets are as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2022March 31, 2023
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
TradenamesTradenames$25,610 $29,074 
Capitalized commissions on preneed contracts, net of accumulated amortization of $2,990 and $3,179, respectively4,048 4,161 
Prepaid agreements not-to-compete, net of accumulated amortization of $3,515 and $3,646, respectively1,877 1,750 
Internal-use software, net of accumulated amortization of $200 and $262, respectively1,271 1,966 
Capitalized commissions on preneed contracts, net of accumulated amortization of $3,788 and $3,980, respectively
Prepaid agreements not-to-compete, net of accumulated amortization of $3,158 and $3,276, respectively
Internal-use software, net of accumulated amortization of $444 and $528, respectively
OtherOther124 303 
Intangible and other non-current assets, netIntangible and other non-current assets, net$32,930 $37,254 
Tradenames
Our tradenames have indefinite lives and therefore are not amortized.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, two of the funeral homes that we increased thesold had a carrying value of tradenames of $0.2 million, which was included in the loss on sale and recorded in Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairment charges on our tradenames by $3.6 million related to our 2023 business combination, described in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.Statements of Operations.
Capitalized Commissions
We capitalize sales commissions and other direct selling costs related to preneed cemetery merchandise and services and preneed funeral trust contracts as these costs are incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Our capitalized commissions on preneed contracts are amortized on a straight-line basis over the average maturity period of ten years for our preneed funeral trust contracts and eight years for our preneed cemetery merchandise and services contracts.
- 20 -


Amortization expense was $170,000 and $189,000$0.2 million for both the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2023, respectively.2024.
Prepaid Agreements
Prepaid agreements not-to-compete are amortized over the term of the respective agreements, generally ranging from one to ten years. Amortization expense was $148,000 and $131,000$0.1 million for both the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2023, respectively.2024.
Internal-use Software
Internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis typically over three to five years. Amortization expense was $56,000 and $62,000$0.1 million for both the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2023, respectively.2024.
- 21 -

The aggregate amortization expense for our capitalized commissions, prepaid agreements and internal-use software as of March 31, 20232024 is as follows (in thousands):
Capitalized CommissionsPrepaid AgreementsInternal-use Software
Capitalized CommissionsCapitalized CommissionsPrepaid AgreementsInternal-use Software
Years ending December 31,Years ending December 31,
Remainder of 2023$729 $415 $194 
2024715 424 297 
Remainder of 2024
Remainder of 2024
Remainder of 2024
20252025650 377 386 
20262026584 262 374 
20272027518 142 373 
2028
ThereafterThereafter965 130 342 
Total amortization expenseTotal amortization expense$4,161 $1,750 $1,966 
11.CREDIT FACILITY AND ACQUISITION DEBT
At March 31, 2023,2024, our senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) was comprised of: (i) a $250.0 million revolving credit facility, including a $15.0 million subfacility for letters of credit and a $10.0 million swingline, and (ii) an accordion or incremental option allowing for future increases in the facility size by an additional amount of up to $75.0 million in the aggregate in the form of increased revolving commitments or incremental term loans. The final maturity of the Credit Facility will occur on May 13, 2026.
Our obligations under the Credit Facility are unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by the same subsidiaries which guarantee the Senior Notes (as defined in Note 12) and certain of our subsequently acquired or organized domestic subsidiaries (collectively, the “Subsidiary Guarantors”).
The Credit Facility contains customary affirmative covenants, including, but not limited to, covenants with respect to the use of proceeds, payment of taxes and other obligations, continuation of the Company’s business and the maintenance of existing rights and privileges, and the maintenance of property and insurance, amongstamong others.
In addition, the Credit Facility also contains customary negative covenants, including, but not limited to, covenants that restrict (subject to certain exceptions) the ability of the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors to incur indebtedness, grant liens, make investments, engage in mergers and acquisitions, and pay dividends and make other restricted payments, and certain financial maintenance covenants. At March 31, 2023,2024, we were subject to the following financial covenants under our Credit Facility: (A) a Total Leverage Ratio not to exceed 6.005.50 to 1.00 and (B) a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility) of not less than 1.20 to 1.00 as of the end of any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters. These financial maintenance covenants are calculated for the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. We were in compliance with all of the covenants contained in our Credit Facility as ofat March 31, 2023.
- 21 -


2024.
Our Credit Facility and acquisition debt consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31, 2022March 31, 2023
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Credit FacilityCredit Facility$190,700 $213,600 
Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $1,926 and $2,064, respectively(1,864)(1,720)
Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $2,478 and $2,616, respectively
Total Credit FacilityTotal Credit Facility$188,836 $211,880 
Acquisition debtAcquisition debt$3,993 $3,971 
Acquisition debt
Acquisition debt
Less: current portionLess: current portion(555)(567)
Total acquisition debt, net of current portionTotal acquisition debt, net of current portion$3,438 $3,404 
At March 31, 2023,2024, we had outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility of $213.6$154.1 million. We also had one letter of credit for $2.3$2.6 million under the Credit Facility. The letter of credit will expire on November 27, 202325, 2024 and is expected to automatically renew annually and secures our obligations under our various self-insured policies. At March 31, 2023,2024, we had $34.1$93.3 million of availability under the Credit Facility.
- 22 -

The interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs related to our Credit Facility are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Credit Facility interest expense$3,811 $3,916 
Credit Facility amortization of debt issuance costs138 138 
Outstanding borrowings under our Credit Facility bear interest at a prime rate or the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index (“BSBY”) rate, plus an applicable margin based on our leverage ratio. At March 31, 2023,2024, the prime rate margin was equivalent to 2.375% and the BSBY rate margin was 3.375%. The weighted average interest rate on our Credit Facility was 2.1%7.9% and 7.9%8.9% for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2023,2024, respectively.
The interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs related to our Credit Facility are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Credit Facility interest expense$847 $3,811 
Credit Facility amortization of debt issuance costs88 138 
Acquisition debt consists of deferred purchase price and promissory notes payable to sellers. A majority of the deferred purchase price and notes bear no interest and are discounted at imputed interest rates ranging from 7.3%6.5% to 10.0%7.3%. Original maturities typically range from ninefive to twenty years.
The imputed interest expense related to our acquisition debt is as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Acquisition debt imputed interest expense$80 $71 
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Acquisition debt imputed interest expense$71 $104 
12. SENIOR NOTES
The carrying value of our 4.25% senior notes due 2029 (the “Senior Notes”) is reflected on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2022March 31, 2023
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Long-term liabilities:Long-term liabilities:
Principal amountPrincipal amount$400,000 $400,000 
Principal amount
Principal amount
Debt discount, net of accumulated amortization of $794 and $921, respectively(3,706)(3,579)
Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $226 and $262, respectively(1,051)(1,015)
Debt discount, net of accumulated amortization of $1,309 and $1,441, respectively
Debt discount, net of accumulated amortization of $1,309 and $1,441, respectively
Debt discount, net of accumulated amortization of $1,309 and $1,441, respectively
Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $373 and $411, respectively
Carrying value of the Senior NotesCarrying value of the Senior Notes$395,243 $395,406 
At March 31, 2023,2024, the fair value of the Senior Notes, which are Level 2 measurements, was $328.2$355.2 million.
The Senior Notes were issued under an indenture, dated as of May 13, 2021 (the “Indenture”), among the Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee. The Senior Notes are unsecured, senior obligations and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis, jointly and severally by each of the Subsidiary Guarantors. The Senior Notes mature on May 15, 2029, unless earlier redeemed or purchased and bear interest at 4.25% per year, which is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning on November 15, 2021.
The Indenture contains restrictive covenants limiting our ability and the ability of our Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the Indenture) to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares, create liens on certain assets
- 22 -


to secure debt, pay dividends or make other equity distributions, purchase or redeem capital stock, make certain investments, sell assets, agree to certain restrictions on the ability of Restricted Subsidiaries to make payments to us, consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all assets, or engage in transactions with affiliates. The Indenture also contains customary events of default.
The interest expense and amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs related to our Senior Notes are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Senior Notes interest expenseSenior Notes interest expense$4,250 $4,250 
Senior Notes interest expense
Senior Notes interest expense
Senior Notes amortization of debt discount
Senior Notes amortization of debt discount
Senior Notes amortization of debt discountSenior Notes amortization of debt discount121 127 
Senior Notes amortization of debt issuance costsSenior Notes amortization of debt issuance costs34 36 
Senior Notes amortization of debt issuance costs
Senior Notes amortization of debt issuance costs
The debt discount and the debt issuance costs are being amortized using the effective interest method over the remaining term of approximately 7462 months of the Senior Notes. The effective interest rate on the unamortized debt discount and the
- 23 -

unamortized debt issuance costs for the Senior Notes for both the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 20232024 was 4.42% and 4.30%, respectively.
13.LEASES
Our lease obligations consist of operating and finance leases related to real estate, equipmentvehicles and vehicles.equipment. The components of lease cost are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
Income Statement Classification20222023
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Income Statement Classification
Income Statement Classification
Income Statement Classification
Operating lease cost
Operating lease cost
Operating lease costOperating lease cost
Facilities and grounds expense(1)
$848 $875 
Short-term lease costShort-term lease cost
Facilities and grounds expense(1)
102 94 
Short-term lease cost
Short-term lease cost
Variable lease cost
Variable lease cost
Variable lease costVariable lease cost
Facilities and grounds expense(1)
58 
Finance lease cost:Finance lease cost:
Finance lease cost:
Finance lease cost:
Depreciation of leased assets
Depreciation of leased assets
Depreciation of leased assetsDepreciation of leased assets
Depreciation and amortization(2)
$108 $108 
Interest on lease liabilitiesInterest on lease liabilitiesInterest expense113 105 
Interest on lease liabilities
Interest on lease liabilities
Total finance lease cost
Total finance lease cost
Total finance lease costTotal finance lease cost221 213 
Total lease costTotal lease cost$1,178 $1,240 
Total lease cost
Total lease cost
(1)
Facilities and grounds expense is included within Cost of service and General, administrative and other on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(2)
Depreciation and amortization expense is included within Field depreciation expense and General, administrative and other on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Supplemental cash flow information related to our leases is as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended March 31,
202320232024
Cash paid for operating leases included in operating activitiesCash paid for operating leases included in operating activities$897 $951 
Cash paid for finance leases included in financing activitiesCash paid for finance leases included in financing activities213 223 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new leases is as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities$178 $908 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities— — 
- 23 -


Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities$908 $852 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities— — 
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows (in thousands):
Lease TypeLease TypeBalance Sheet ClassificationDecember 31, 2022March 31, 2023Lease TypeBalance Sheet ClassificationDecember 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOperating lease right-of-use assetsOperating lease right-of-use assets$17,060 $17,486 
Finance lease right-of-use assetsFinance lease right-of-use assetsProperty, plant and equipment, net$6,770 $6,770 
Finance lease right-of-use assets
Finance lease right-of-use assets
Accumulated depreciationAccumulated depreciationProperty, plant and equipment, net(2,881)(2,989)
Finance lease right-of-use assets, netFinance lease right-of-use assets, net$3,889 $3,781 
Operating lease current liabilities
Operating lease current liabilities
Operating lease current liabilitiesOperating lease current liabilitiesCurrent portion of operating lease obligations$2,203 $2,477 
Finance lease current liabilitiesFinance lease current liabilitiesCurrent portion of finance lease obligations414 411 
Total current lease liabilitiesTotal current lease liabilities$2,617 $2,888 
Operating lease non-current liabilitiesOperating lease non-current liabilitiesObligations under operating leases, net of current portion$17,315 $17,395 
Operating lease non-current liabilities
Operating lease non-current liabilities
Finance lease non-current liabilitiesFinance lease non-current liabilitiesObligations under finance leases, net of current portion4,743 4,641 
Total non-current lease liabilitiesTotal non-current lease liabilities$22,058 $22,036 
Total lease liabilitiesTotal lease liabilities$24,675 $24,924 
Total lease liabilities
Total lease liabilities
- 24 -

The average lease terms and discount rates at March 31, 20232024 are as follows:
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)Weighted-average discount rate
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leasesOperating leases8.58.1 %Operating leases7.68.1 %
Finance leasesFinance leases11.38.1 %Finance leases10.48.3 %
The aggregate future lease payments for non-cancelable operating and finance leases at March 31, 20232024 are as follows (in thousands):
OperatingFinance
OperatingOperatingFinance
Lease payments due:Lease payments due:
Remainder of 2023$2,938 $647 
20243,895 791 
Remainder of 2024
Remainder of 2024
Remainder of 2024
202520253,604 736 
202620263,490 746 
202720273,349 746 
2028
ThereafterThereafter9,996 4,063 
Total lease paymentsTotal lease payments27,272 7,729 
Less: InterestLess: Interest(7,400)(2,677)
Present value of lease liabilitiesPresent value of lease liabilities$19,872 $5,052 
At March 31, 2023,2024, we had no significant operating or finance leases that had not yet commenced.
14.STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
Restricted Stock
Restricted stock activity is as follows (in thousands, except shares):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
SharesFair ValueSharesFair Value
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Shares
Shares
Shares
Granted(1)
Granted(1)
Granted(1)
Granted(1)
— $— 142,020 $4,634 
Returned for payroll taxesReturned for payroll taxes4,185 $207 1,434 $49 
Returned for payroll taxes
Returned for payroll taxes
Cancelled
Cancelled
CancelledCancelled1,000 $31 2,400 $79 
(1)Restricted stock granted during the three months ended March 31 2023 and 2024 vests over a three-year period, if the employee has remained continuously employed by us during the vesting period, at a weighted average stock price of $32.63.$32.63 and $24.48, respectively.
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We recorded stock-based compensation expense, which is included in General, administrative and other expenses, for restricted stock awards of $57,000$0.2 million and $178,000,$0.5 million, for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2023,2024, respectively.
Common Stock
Common stock activity is as follows (in thousands, except shares):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
SharesFair ValueSharesFair Value
Granted(1)
— $— 30,000 $826 
Returned for payroll taxes— $— 1,001 $28 
(1)During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we issued 30,000 shares of common stock to C. Benjamin Brink (former executive) at a stock price of $27.54, in accordance with his Separation and Release agreement pertaining to his resignation from his position as the Company's Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) effective January 2, 2023.
We recorded stock-based compensation expense, which is included in General, administrative and other expenses, for common stock awards of $826,000, for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Stock Options
Stock option grants and cancellations are as follows (in thousands, except shares):
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Shares
Shares
Shares
Granted(1)
Granted(1)
Granted(1)
Three months ended March 31,
Cancelled
20222023
SharesFair ValueSharesFair Value
Granted(1)
58,500 $959 214,191 $2,506 
Granted(2)
310,000 $5,388 — $— 
CancelledCancelled7,000 $71 92,440 $1,231 
Cancelled
(1)Stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 20232024 had a weighted average price of $49.48$32.69 and $32.69,$24.48, respectively. The fair value of these options was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The options granted in 2022 vest over a five-year period2023 and have a ten-year term. The options granted in 20232024 vest over a three-year period and have a ten-year term. These options will vest if the employee has remained continuously employed by us through the vesting period.
(2)Stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2022 had a weighted average price of $49.48. The fair value of these options was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and vest over a seven-year period and have a ten-year term. These options will vest if the employee has remained continuously employed by us through the vesting period.
- 25 -

The fair value of the options granted during the three months ended March 31, 20232024 was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:
Grant DateFebruary 22, 202321, 2024
Expected holding period (years)4.006.00
Awards granted214,191370,590
Dividend yield1.38%1.79%
Expected volatility43.68%43.59%
Risk-free interest rate4.27%4.31%
Black-Scholes value$11.7010.34
Additional stock option activity is as follows (in thousands, except shares):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
SharesCashSharesCash
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Shares
Shares
Shares
Exercised(1)
Exercised(1)
Exercised(1)
Exercised(1)
18,736 N/A12,000 N/A
Returned for option price(2)
Returned for option price(2)
8,125 $60 10,145 $— 
Returned for option price(2)
Returned for option price(2)
Returned for payroll taxes(3)
Returned for payroll taxes(3)
1,601 $82 729 $21 
Returned for payroll taxes(3)
Returned for payroll taxes(3)
(1)Stock options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023 had a weighted average exercise price of $25.88 and $25.43 respectively, with an aggregate intrinsic value of $0.5 million and $0.1 million, respectively.million.
(2)Represents shares withheld/cash received for the payment of the option price.
(3)Represents shares withheld/cash paid for the payment of payroll taxes.
- 25 -


We recorded stock-based compensation expense, which is included in General, administrative and other expenses, for stock options of $638,000$0.7 million and $710,000,$0.2 million, for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2023,2024, respectively.
Performance Awards
Performance award activity is as follows (in thousands, except shares):
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Shares
Shares
Shares
Three months ended March 31,
Cancelled
20222023
Cancelled
SharesFair ValueSharesFair Value
Granted3,750 $162 — $— 
CancelledCancelled6,987 $67 40,804 $1,119 
WeFor the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024, we recorded stock-based compensation expense of $0.1 million and stock-based compensation benefit of $0.4 million, respectively, for performance awards, which is included in General, administrative and other expenses, for performance awards of $566,000 and $63,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.expenses.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
ESPP activity is as follows (in thousands, except shares):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
SharesPriceSharesPrice
ESPP13,293 $45.33 21,656 $24.28 
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
SharesPriceSharesPrice
ESPP21,656 $24.28 16,296 $21.26 
The fair value of the right (option) to purchase shares under the ESPP is estimated at the date of purchase with the four quarterly purchase dates using the following assumptions:
20232024
Dividend yield1.30%1.84%
Expected volatility53.51%41.15%
Risk-free interest rate4.53%5.46%, 4.77%5.24%, 4.75%5.02%, 4.72%4.80%
Expected life (years)0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00
We recorded stock-based compensation expense, which is included in General, administrative and other expenses and Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs, for the ESPP totaling $199,000$0.3 million and $252,000$0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2023,2024, respectively.
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Common Stock
Former Employee
Common stock activity is as follows (in thousands, except shares):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
SharesFair ValueSharesFair Value
Granted(1)
30,000 $826 — $— 
Returned for payroll taxes1,001 $28 — $— 
(1)During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we issued 30,000 shares of common stock to a former executive at a stock price of $27.54, in accordance with his Separation and Release agreement pertaining to his resignation from his position as the Company’s Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer effective January 2, 2023.
We recorded stock-based compensation expense, which is included in General, administrative and other expenses, for common stock awards of $0.8 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Good To Great Incentive Program
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, weCommon stock issued 8,444 shares of our common stock to certain employees which were valued at $0.3 million at a grant date stock price of $32.69. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we issued 27,448 shares of our common stock to certain employees, which were valued at $1.4 million at a grant date stock price of $49.48.under this incentive program is as follows (in thousands, except shares):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
SharesFair ValueSharesFair Value
Granted(1)
8,444 $276 31,470 $790 
(1)Common stock granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024 had a grant date stock price of $32.69 and $25.08, respectively.
Non-Employee Director and Board Advisor Compensation
Non-Employee Director and Board Advisor common stock activity is as follows (in thousands, except shares):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
SharesFair ValueSharesFair Value
Board of Directors2,669 $142 3,518 $107 
Advisor to the Board93 $163 $
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
SharesFair ValueSharesFair Value
Board of Directors(1)
3,518 $107 3,999 $108 
Advisor to the Board(1)
163 $184 $
(1)Common stock granted during the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 20232024 had a weighted average price of $53.33$30.52 and $30.52,$27.04, respectively.
We recorded compensation expense, which is included in General, administrative and other expenses, related to annual retainers, including the value of stock granted to non-employee Directors and an advisor to our Board, of $201,000$0.2 million and $166,000$0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2023,2024, respectively.
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Share Repurchase
ShareWe did not repurchase activity is as follows (dollar value in thousands):
Three months ended March 31
20222023
Number of Shares Repurchased(1)
490,000 — 
Average Price Paid Per Share$53.08 $— 
Dollar Value of Shares Repurchased(1)
$26,010 $— 
(1)During the three months ended March 31, 2022, 52,242 shares settled in April 2022, which had a cost of $2.8 million.
Ourany shares were purchased induring the open market at timesthree months ended March 31, 2023 and in amounts as management determined appropriate based on factors such as market conditions, legal requirements and other business considerations. Shares purchased pursuant to the repurchase program are currently held as treasury stock.2024. At March 31, 2023,2024, our share repurchase program had $48.9 million authorized for repurchases.
Cash DividendDividends
Our Board declared the following dividends payable on the dates below (in thousands, except per share amounts):
20242024Per ShareDollar Value
March 1st
2023
2023
20232023Per ShareDollar ValuePer ShareDollar Value
March 1st
March 1st
$0.1125 $1,661 
2022Per ShareDollar Value
March 1st
$0.1125 $1,725 
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15.EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share data):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income$16,402 $8,844 
Less: Earnings allocated to unvested restricted stock(15)(71)
Income attributable to common stockholders$16,387 $8,773 
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per common share - weighted average shares outstanding15,244 14,758 
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options409 99 
Performance awards716 611 
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share - weighted average shares outstanding16,369 15,468 
Basic earnings per common share:$1.07 $0.59 
Diluted earnings per common share:$1.00 $0.57 
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, 1,129,210 stock
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income$8,844 $6,973 
Less: Earnings allocated to unvested restricted stock(71)(101)
Income attributable to common stockholders$8,773 $6,872 
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per common share – weighted average shares outstanding14,758 14,876 
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options99 17 
Performance awards611 416 
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share – weighted average shares outstanding15,468 15,309 
Basic earnings per common share:$0.59 $0.46 
Diluted earnings per common share:$0.57 $0.45 
Stock options were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the inclusion of such stock options would result in an antidilutive effect. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, no stock options were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share.effect are as follows:
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Antidilutive stock options1,129,210 1,564,656 
Our performance awards are considered to be contingently issuable shares because their issuance is contingent upon the satisfaction of certain performance and service conditions. At March 31, 2023,2024, we had satisfied certain performance criteria for the first, second and third predetermined growth targets of our performance awards to be considered outstanding. Therefore, we included these awards in the computation of diluted earnings per share as of the beginning of the reporting period.
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16.SEGMENT REPORTING
Revenue, disaggregated by major source for each of our reportable segments was as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31, 2024
FuneralCemeteryTotal
Services$44,807 $4,892 $49,699 
Merchandise22,659 4,140 26,799 
Cemetery property— 18,703 18,703 
Other revenue4,365 3,927 8,292 
Total$71,831 $31,662 $103,493 

Three months ended March 31, 2023
FuneralCemeteryTotal
Services$43,602 $4,605 $48,207 
Merchandise22,969 3,934 26,903 
Cemetery property— 13,108 13,108 
Other revenue3,514 3,782 7,296 
Total$70,085 $25,429 $95,514 

Three months ended March 31, 2022
FuneralCemeteryTotal
Services$45,516 $4,221 $49,737 
Merchandise25,285 3,101 28,386 
Cemetery property— 13,226 13,226 
Other revenue3,554 3,258 6,812 
Total$74,355 $23,806 $98,161 
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The following table presents operating income (loss), income (loss) before income taxes and total assets (in thousands): 
FuneralCemeteryCorporateConsolidated
FuneralFuneralCemeteryCorporateConsolidated
Operating income (loss):Operating income (loss):
Operating income (loss):
Operating income (loss):
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Three months ended March 31, 2023Three months ended March 31, 2023$22,192 $8,613 $(10,171)$20,634 
Three months ended March 31, 202225,463 8,218 (8,530)25,151 
Income (loss) before income taxes:Income (loss) before income taxes:
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Three months ended March 31, 2023Three months ended March 31, 2023$22,333 $8,672 $(18,659)$12,346 
Three months ended March 31, 202227,209 8,259 (13,984)21,484 
Total assets:Total assets:
March 31, 2023$795,205 $412,342 $17,437 $1,224,984 
December 31, 2022779,500 396,389 17,061 1,192,950 
Total assets:
Total assets:
March 31, 2024
March 31, 2024
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
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17.SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Balance Sheet
The following table presents the detail of certain balance sheet accounts (in thousands):
December 31, 2022March 31, 2023
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023March 31, 2024
Prepaid and other current assets:Prepaid and other current assets:
Prepaid expensesPrepaid expenses$4,077 $3,582 
Prepaid expenses
Prepaid expenses
Federal income taxes receivable507 — 
Federal income tax receivable
Federal income tax receivable
Federal income tax receivable
State income tax receivable
Other current assetsOther current assets149 5,406 
Total prepaid and other current assetsTotal prepaid and other current assets$4,733 $8,988 
Current portion of debt and lease obligations:Current portion of debt and lease obligations:
Current portion of debt and lease obligations:
Current portion of debt and lease obligations:
Acquisition debt
Acquisition debt
Acquisition debtAcquisition debt$555 $567 
Finance lease obligationsFinance lease obligations414 411 
Operating lease obligationsOperating lease obligations2,203 2,477 
Total current portion of debt and lease obligationsTotal current portion of debt and lease obligations$3,172 $3,455 
Accrued and other liabilities:Accrued and other liabilities:
Accrued and other liabilities:
Accrued and other liabilities:
Incentive compensationIncentive compensation$12,140 $5,348 
Incentive compensation
Incentive compensation
Vacation
Unrecognized tax benefit
InsuranceInsurance3,051 4,265 
Unrecognized tax benefit3,294 3,316 
Vacation3,430 3,538 
InterestInterest2,329 6,713 
Interest
Interest
Ad valorem and franchise taxes
Salaries and wagesSalaries and wages2,263 3,875 
Perpetual care trust payable
Perpetual care trust payable
Perpetual care trust payable
Employee meetings and award tripsEmployee meetings and award trips746 798 
CommissionsCommissions743 640 
Income tax payableIncome tax payable459 3,380 
Ad valorem and franchise taxes455 1,165 
Perpetual care trust payable222 532 
Other accrued liabilitiesOther accrued liabilities1,489 1,340 
Total accrued and other liabilitiesTotal accrued and other liabilities$30,621 $34,910 
Other long-term liabilities:Other long-term liabilities:
Other long-term liabilities:
Other long-term liabilities:
Incentive compensation
Incentive compensation
Incentive compensationIncentive compensation$2,541 $552 
Other long-term liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities524 386 
Other long-term liabilities
Other long-term liabilities
Total other long-term liabilitiesTotal other long-term liabilities$3,065 $938 
Cash Flow
The following information is supplemental disclosure for the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended March 31,
202320232024
Cash paid for interest
Cash paid for taxes
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Cash paid for interest$927 $3,782 
Cash paid for taxes1,540 230 
Unsettled share repurchases2,784 — 
- 2930 -


CAUTIONARY STATEMENT ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain statements and information that may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements, other than statements of historical information, should be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Words such as “may”, “will”, “estimate”, “intend”, “believe”, “expect”, “seek”, “project”, “forecast”, “foresee”, “should”, “would”, “could”, “plan”, “anticipate” and other similar words or expressions may be used to identify forward-looking statements; however, the absence of these words does not mean that the statements are not forward-looking. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding any projections of earnings, revenue, cash flow, investment returns, capital allocation, debt levels, equity performance, death rates, market share growth, cost inflation, overhead, including talent recruitment, field and corporate incentive compensation, preneed sales or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies, objectives and objectivestiming of management for future operations or financing activities, including, but not limited to, technology improvements, product development, capital allocation, organizational performance, execution of our strategic objectives and growth plan, planned divestitures, the ability to obtain credit or financing, organizational performance, anticipated integration, performance and other benefits of recently completed and anticipated acquisitions, and cost management and debt reductions; any statements of the plans, timing and objectives of management for acquisition and divestiture activities; any statements regarding future economic and market conditions or performance; any projections or expectations related to the conclusion of the Board's strategic review; any statements of belief; and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing and are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effect on us. While we believe these assumptions concerning future events are reasonable as and when made, there can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we anticipate. All comments concerning our expectations for future revenue and operating results are based on our forecasts for our existing operations and do not include the potential impact of any future acquisitions. Our forward-looking statements involve significant risks and uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or projections. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
our ability to find and retain skilled personnel;
the effects of our talent recruitment efforts, incentive and compensation plans and programs, including such effects on our Standards Operating Model and the Company’s operational and financial performance;
our ability to execute our strategic objectives and growth strategy;strategy, if at all;
the potential adverse effects on the Company's business, financial and equity performance if management fails to meet the expectations of its strategic objectives and growth plan;
our ability to execute and meet the objectives of our High Performance and Credit Profile Restoration Plan, if at all;
the execution of our Standards Operating 4E Leadership and Strategic Acquisition Models;
the effects of competition;
changes in the number of deaths in our markets;markets, which are not predictable from market to market or over the short term;
changes in consumer preferences and our ability to adapt to or meet those changes;
our ability to generate preneed sales, including implementing our cemetery portfolio sales strategy, product development and optimization plans;
the investment performance of our funeral and cemetery trust funds;
fluctuations in interest rates;rates, including, but not limited to, the effects of increased borrowing costs under our Credit Facility and our ability to minimize such costs, if at all;
the effects of inflation on our operational and financial performance, including the increased overall costs for our goods and services, the impact on customer preferences as a result of changes in discretionary income, and our ability, if at all, to mitigate such effects;
our ability to obtain debt or equity financing on satisfactory terms to fund additional acquisitions, expansion projects, working capital requirements and the repayment or refinancing of indebtedness;
our ability to meet the timing, objectives and expectations related to our capital allocation framework, including our forecasted rates of return, planned uses of free cash flow and future capital allocation, including share repurchases, potential strategic acquisitions, internal growth projects, dividend increases, or debt repayment plans;
our ability to meet the projected financial and equity performance goals toof our updated full year outlook, if at all;
the timely and full payment of death benefits related to preneed funeral contracts funded through life insurance contracts;
the financial condition of third-party insurance companies that fund our preneed funeral contracts;
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increased or unanticipated costs, such as merchandise, goods, insurance or taxes, and our ability to mitigate or minimize such costs, if at all;
our level of indebtedness and the cash required to service our indebtedness;
changes in federal income tax laws and regulations and the implementation and interpretation of these laws and regulations by the Internal Revenue Service;
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effects of the application of other applicable laws and regulations, including changes in such regulations or the interpretation thereof;
the potential impact of epidemics and pandemics, such as the COVID-19 coronavirus, including any new or emerging public health threats, on customer preferences and on our business;
government, social, business and other actions that have been and will be taken in response to pandemics and epidemics, such as those that were taken with the COVID-19 coronavirus, including potential responses to any new or emerging public health threats;
effects and expense of litigation;
consolidation ofin the funeral and cemetery industry;
our ability to identify and consummate strategic acquisitions, if at all, and successfully integrate acquired businesses with our existing businesses, including expected performance and financial improvements related thereto;
potential adverse impacts resulting from shareholder or market perceptions of our recent announcement regarding the conclusion of our Board’s review of potential strategic alternatives;
economic, financial and stock market fluctuations;
interruptions or security lapses of our information technology, including any cybersecurity or ransomware incidents,incidents;
adverse developments affecting the financial services industry;
acts of war or terrorists acts and the governmental or military response to such acts;
our failure to maintain effective control over financial reporting; and
other factors and uncertainties inherent in the funeral and cemetery industry.
For additional information regarding known material factors that could cause our actual results to differ from our projected results, please see (i) Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and (ii) Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.2023.
Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date they are made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
OVERVIEW
General
Carriage Services, Inc. (“Carriage,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) was incorporated in the State of Delaware in December 1993 and is a leading provider of funeral and cemetery services and merchandise in the United States. We operate in two business segments: Funeral Home Operations,operations, which currently accounts for approximately 70% of our total revenue, and Cemetery Operations,operations, which currently accounts for approximately 30% of our total revenue.
At March 31, 2023,2024, we operated 173165 funeral homes in 26 states and 3231 cemeteries in 11 states. We compete with other publicly held, privately held and independent operators of funeral and cemetery companies.
Funeral home and cemetery businesses provide products and services to families in three principal areas: (i) ceremony and tribute, generally in the form of a funeral or memorial service; (ii) disposition of remains, either through burial or cremation; and (iii) memorialization, generally through monuments, markers or inscriptions. Our funeral homes offer a complete rangehome operations are principally service businesses that generate revenue from sales of burial and cremation services to meet a family’s funeral needs, includingand related merchandise, such as caskets and urns. Funeral services include consultation, the removal and preparation of remains, the sale of caskets and related funeral merchandise, the use of funeral home facilities for visitation and memorial services and transportation services. MostWe provide funeral services and products on both an “atneed” (time of our funeral homes have a non-denominational chapel on the premises, which permits family visitationdeath) and services“preneed” (planned prior to take place at one location and thereby reduces transportation costs and inconvenience to the family.death) basis.
Our cemeteries providecemetery operations generate revenue primarily through sales of cemetery interment rights (primarily grave sites, lawn crypts, mausoleum spaces and niches), related cemetery merchandise (such as memorial markers, outer burial containers and monuments) and services (interments, inurnments and installation of cemetery merchandise).
We provide funeral and cemetery services and products on both an “atneed” (time of death)atneed and “preneed” (planned prior to death)preneed basis.
Recent DevelopmentsCOMPANY DEVELOPMENTS
Board of Directors and Leadership Changes
On February 22, 2023,2024, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of the Company elected Carlos R. Quezada, Presidentannounced the conclusion of the Company’s review of strategic alternatives, first announced on June 29, 2023, which was overseen by the Board with assistance from experienced financial advisors and legal counsel. On February 21, 2024, the Board voted to bring the strategic review process to a close. The Board unanimously determined that continuing to execute on the Company’s strategic plan as an independent, public company is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders at this time.
On February 22, 2024 (the “Transition Date”), the Company announced that Melvin C. Payne, the Company’s founder and former Chief OperatingExecutive Officer, would cease to serve as Executive Chairman of the Board, but will remain on the Board until the Company’s 2024 annual meeting of stockholders, when the term for Class I directors is scheduled to expire. Beginning on the Transition Date, Mr. Payne began serving as a special advisor to the Board and senior management in a consulting role.
In connection with Mr. Payne’s termination of employment, the employment-related provisions of his Employment Agreement, dated as of November 5, 2019, with the Company (as amended prior to the Transition Date, the “Employment Agreement”) terminated on the Transition Date.
On February 21, 2024, the Company and Mr. Payne entered into a Transition Agreement (the “Transition Agreement”), setting forth the terms of his severance benefits and his consulting arrangement. Under the Transition Agreement, Mr. Payne is entitled to receive certain benefits, subject to the timely execution and non-revocation by Mr. Payne and his spouse of waiver and release agreements in connection with the Transition Date and the end of the 12-month consulting term set forth in the Transition Agreement (the “Releases”).
These payments and benefits include the following:
• Salary continuation for 24 months of $2.0 million;
• 2023 annual bonus of $1.25 million;
• Prorated 2024 bonus of $181,500;
• Prorated settlement of performance awards of $3.0 million payable in cash;
• Consulting payments of $1.0 million;
• Payments for maintaining health benefits for Mr. Payne and his spouse for up to 36 months; and
• Reimbursement of legal expenses up to $35,000.
All of the payments and benefits provided under the Transition Agreement are subject to Mr. Payne’s continued compliance with certain confidentiality, non-competition, non-solicitation and non-disparagement provisions of the Employment Agreement, as well as compliance by Mr. Payne and his spouse with their respective Releases. The Transition Agreement may be terminated by the Company upon the material breach of the Transition Agreement, the Employment Agreement or either of the Releases. Upon Mr. Payne’s death, any consulting fee payments would be paid to his estate.
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On March 7, 2024, upon the recommendation of the Corporate Governance Committee of the Company, the Board realigned the Company’s classes of directors to provide for equal apportionment among the three classes as a result of the previous announcement of Mr. Payne, a current Class I director, remaining on the Board until the Company’s 2024 annual meeting of stockholders, at which time his term will expire. To facilitate the class realignment, on March 7, 2024, Julie Sanders resigned from the Board as a Class II director (term expiring in 2025), and, effective as of March 7, 2024, was re-elected by the Board to serve as a Class III director effective that same date, until the Company’s 20252024 annual meeting of stockholders. The Board also appointed Mr. Quezadashareholders. Ms. Sanders will continue to serve as Vice Chairmanon the Audit, Compensation and Corporate Governance Committees of the Board. Mr. Quezada will serve as a non-independent member of the Board, and the Board does not expect to appoint Mr. Quezada to any of its standing committees. Following the appointment of Mr. Quezada, the Board is now comprised of six directors, including four independent directors.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
On February 22, 2023, our Board, onMarch 7, 2024, upon the recommendation of the Board’s AuditCorporate Governance Committee approved various amendments to the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”), which applies to all directors, officers and employees of the Company, and its subsidiaries. In additionthe Board elected Chad Fargason to making certain technical and administrative updates, the amendments to the Code include, among other things, summarizing and clarifyingserve as the Company’s existing compliance requirements and also identifies and expands upon certain policies, including those related to bribery and kickbacks, antitrust, political activity and improper influence on auditors. As disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, copiesfirst Non-Executive Chairman of the Code,Board, effective on that date. The election of Mr. Fargason as amended, are posted on our website under “Investors - Corporate Governance.”
Leadership Changesthe Board’s Non-Executive Chairman was as a result of the previous announcement of Mr. Payne ceasing to serve as Executive Chairman of the Board of the Company, effective February 22, 2024.
Effective March 13, 2023,25, 2024, Kathryn Shanley was appointed to serve as the Company’s Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer). In connection with the appointment of Ms. Shanley as the Company’s Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer), effective March 25, 2024, L. Kian Granmayeh was appointedceased serving as the Company’s Principal Accounting Officer. Mr. Granmayeh continues to serve as the Company’s Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer).
Acquisitions
On March 22, 2023, we acquired three funeral homes, two cemeteries and a cremation focused business in the Bakersfield, California area for $44.0 million.
Divestitures
During the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, we sold six funeral homes and one funeral home and two cemeteriescemetery for $0.8an aggregate of $10.9 million for a net loss of $0.1$1.5 million.
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Inflationary and Macroeconomic Trends
Business Impacts of COVID-19
The overall macroeconomic impact from the pandemic to the funeral and cemetery industry may provide varying results as compared to other industries. Our industry’s revenues are impacted by various factors, including for example, fluctuations in the death rate, the number of funeral services performed, the average price for a service and the mix of traditional burial versus cremation contracts. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, deaths directly attributable from COVID-19 now have minimal direct impact on the overall death rate, although the overall death rate remains slightly higher than the pre-pandemic period, and we are unable to predict or forecast the duration or variation of this increased death rate with any certainty. As a result, we experienced lower volumes, revenues, earnings and margins when compared to the first quarter of 2022, but overall financial performance remains at or above prior reporting periods during and prior to the pandemic. Although2024, we expect these death rate trends to continue, we will continue to assess these impacts, including the potential impactsexperienced a stabilization of any emerging or new public health threats, and implement appropriate procedures, plans, strategies, and issue any disclosures that may be required, as the situation evolves. Regardless of these recent trends, our businesses have remained focused on being innovative and resourceful, providing families immediate service as part of the grieving process.
Within our financial reporting environment, we have considered the impact of COVID-19 on the assumptions and estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all material adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial results for the quarter have been made, but are complicated by our inability to predict or forecast the duration or variation of the increased death rate with any certainty. We do not believe we are particularly vulnerable to concentrations, with respect to geographic area, revenue for specific products or our relationships with our vendors. To date, we have not experienced any material supply chain impacts or disruptions from our vendors attributable to COVID-19 and we continue to receive reliable service.
We believe our access to capital, the cost of our capital, and the sources and uses of our cash should be relatively consistent in the near term. While the expected duration and potential future impacts of the pandemic are unknown, we have not currently experienced any material negative impacts to our liquidity position, access to capital, or cash flows as a result of COVID-19. For additional information related to our liquidity position, see Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Liquidity and Capital Resources.

Inflationary Trends
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we continued to experience modest cost increases and surchargesinflationary costs from our vendors and suppliers onfor merchandise and goods, dueparticularly as it relates to broader inflationary, raw material cost increases, and global supply chain impacts. For example, we experienced higher costs related to full-time hourly base rates, utilities, funeral supplies and merchandise costs, and insurance.with costs remaining flat when compared to the same period during 2023. Although we have taken stepscontinue to mitigate these cost increases andexperience higher variable interest rates under our Credit Facility, we expect these impacts toanticipate lower borrowing costs as we continue prioritizing paying down our outstanding debt throughout the current year,year. While we are encouraged by the stabilization of inflationary costs that we have experienced thus far in 2024, we are unable to forecast with any certainty whether inflationary costs will continue to moderate in future periods, as the ultimate scope and duration of these impacts areremain unknown at this time. More broadly, the U.S. economy continues to experience the impact of several years of higher rates of inflation, which has impacted a wide variety of industries and sectors, with consumers facing rising prices. Such inflation may negatively impact consumers orconsumer discretionary spending, including the amount that consumers are able to spend on our services, although we have not experienced suchany material impacts to date and our industry has been largely resilient to similar adverse economic and market environments in the past. Although we expect these trends to continue throughout the current year, we will continue to assess these impacts and take the appropriate steps, if necessary, to mitigate theseany changes in consumer preferences or additional cost increases, if possible.
Funeral Home Operations
Our funeral homes offer a complete rangeDuring the first quarter of high value personal services2024, we experienced lower volumes as compared to meet a family’s funeral needs, including consultation, the removal and preparation of remains, the sale of caskets and related funeral merchandise, the use of funeral home facilities for visitation and remembrance services and transportation services. Factors affecting our funeral operating results include, but are not limited to: demographic trends relating to population growth and average age, which impact death rates and number of deaths; establishing and maintaining leading market share positions supported by strong local heritage and relationships; effectively responding to increasing cremation trends by selling complementary services and merchandise; controlling salary and merchandise costs; and exercising pricing leverage to increase average revenue per contract.
Cemetery Operations
Our cemeteries provide interment rights (grave sites and mausoleum spaces) and related merchandise, such as markers and outer burial containers both on an atneed and preneed basis. Factors affecting our cemetery operating results include, but are not limited to: the size and success of our sales organization; local perceptions and heritage of our cemeteries; our ability to adapt to changes in the economy and consumer confidence; and our responseprior years due to fluctuations in capital markets and interest
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rates, which affect investment earningsthe death rate, although overall financial performance remains at or above prior reporting periods. Although we expect fluctuations in the death rate to continue, we are unable to predict or forecast the duration or variation of the death rate with any certainty. Regardless of these fluctuations in the death rate, we continue to focus on trust funds, finance charges on installment contracts and our securities portfolio within the trust funds.
Business Strategy
Our business strategy is based on strong, local leadership with entrepreneurial principles that is focused on sustainable long termexpanding market share, revenue,cost management and profitability growth in each local business. We believe Carriage has the most innovative operating model in the funeral and cemetery industry, which we are able to achieve through a decentralized, high-performance culture and operating framework linked with incentive compensation programs that attract top quality industry talent toexecuting on our organization. We also believe that Carriage provides a unique consolidation and operating framework that offers a highly attractive succession planning solution for independent funeral home owners who want their legacy family business to remain operationally prosperous in their local communities.
Our Mission Statement states that “we are committed to being the most professional, ethical and highest quality funeral and cemetery service organization in our industry” and our Guiding Principles state our core values, which are comprised of:
Honesty, integrity and quality in all that we do;
Hard work, pride of accomplishment, and shared success through employee ownership;
Belief in the power of people through individual initiative and teamwork;
Outstanding service and profitability go hand-in-hand; and
Growth of the Company is driven by decentralization and partnership.
Our five Guiding Principles collectively embody our Being The Best high-performance culture and operating framework. Our operations and business strategy are built upon the execution of the following three models:
Standards Operating Model;
4E Leadership Model; and
Strategic Acquisition Model.
Standards Operating Model
Our Standards Operating Model is focused on growing local market share, providing personalized high-value services to our client families and guests, and operating financial metrics that drive long-term, sustainable revenue growth and improved earning power of our portfolio of businesses by employing leadership and entrepreneurial principles that fit the nature of our high-value personal service business. Standards Achievement is the measure by which we judge the success of each business and incentivize our local managers and their teams. Our Standards Operating Model is not designed to produce maximum short-term earnings because we believe such performance is unsustainable and will ultimately stress the business, which very often leads to declining market share, revenue and earnings.
4E Leadership Model
Our 4E Leadership Model requires strong local leadership in each business to grow an entrepreneurial, decentralized, high-value, personal service and sales business at sustainable profit margins. Our 4E Leadership Model is based upon principles established by Jack Welch during his tenure at General Electric, and is based upon 4E qualities essential to succeed in a high performance culture: Energy to get the job done; the ability to Energize others; the Edge necessary to make difficult decisions; and the ability to Execute and produce results. To achieve a high level within our Standards in a business year after year, we require our local Managing Partners that have the 4E Leadership skills to entrepreneurially grow the business by hiring, training and developing highly motivated and productive local teams.
Strategic Acquisition Model
Our Standards Operating Model led to the development of our Strategic Acquisition Model, which guides our acquisition strategy. We believe that both models, when executed effectively, will drive long-term, sustainable increases in market share, revenue, earnings and cash flow. We believe a primary driver of higher revenue and profits in the future will be the execution of our Strategic Acquisition Model using strategic ranking criteria to assess acquisition candidates. As we execute this strategy over time, we expect to acquire larger, higher margin strategic businesses in growing markets.
We have learned that the long-term growth or decline of a local branded funeral and cemetery business is reflected by several criteria that correlate strongly with five-to-ten-year performance in volumes (market share), revenue and sustainable field-level earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) margins (a non-GAAP measure). We use criteria such as cultural alignment, volume and price trends, size of business, size of market, competitive standing, demographics, strength of brand and barriers to entry to evaluate the strategic position of potential acquisition candidates. Our
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financial valuation of the acquisition candidate is then determined through the application of an appropriate after-tax cash return on investment that exceeds our cost of capital.
Our belief in our Mission Statement and Guiding Principles and proper execution of the three models that define our strategy have given us a competitive advantage in every market where we compete. We believe that we can execute our three models without proportionate incremental investment in our consolidation platform infrastructure and without additional fixed regional and corporate overhead. This gives us a competitive advantage that is evidenced by the sustained earning power of our portfolio as defined by our EBITDA margin.operational plans.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Overview
Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are internally generated cash flows from operating activities and availability under our Credit Facility (defined below).
We generate cash in our operations primarily from atneed sales and delivery of preneed sales. We also generate cash from earnings on our cemetery perpetual care trusts. Based on our recent operating results, current cash position and anticipated future cash flows, we do not anticipate any significant liquidity constraints in the foreseeable future. We have the ability to draw on our Credit Facility, subject to its customary terms and conditions. However, if our capital allocations and expenditures or acquisition plans change, we may need to access the capital markets or seek further borrowing capacity from our lenders to obtain additional funding and we may not be able to obtain such funding on terms and conditions that are acceptable to us. Further, to the extent operating cash flow or access to and cost of financing sources are materially different than expected, future liquidity may be adversely affected. For additional information regarding known material factors that could cause cash flow or access to and cost of finance sources to differ from our expectations, please read Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.2023.
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Our plan is to remain focused on integrating our recently acquired businessesbusiness and prioritizing our capital allocation for debt repayments, the payment of dividends and debt obligations and internal growth capital expenditures, which we expect to fund using cash on hand and borrowings under our Credit Facility, along with general corporate purposes, as allowed under our Credit Facility. We believe that our existing and anticipated cash resources, including, as needed, additional borrowings or other financings that we may be able to obtain, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital requirements, capital expenditures, scheduled debt payments, commitments and dividends for the next 12 months, as well as our long-term financial obligations.
Cash Flows
We began 20232024 with $1.2$1.5 million in cash and ended the first quarter with $1.3$1.7 million in cash. At March 31, 2023,2024, we had borrowings of $213.6$154.1 million outstanding on our Credit Facility compared to $190.7$179.1 million at December 31, 2022.2023.
The following table sets forth the elements of cash flow (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Cash at beginning of the year$1,148 $1,170 
Net cash provided by operating activities15,801 25,869 
Acquisitions of businesses and real property(2,575)(44,000)
Proceeds from divestitures and sale of other assets1,026 1,275 
Proceeds from insurance claims676 421 
Capital expenditures(6,883)(4,982)
Net cash used in investing activities(7,756)(47,286)
Net borrowings on our Credit Facility, acquisition debt and finance lease obligations18,700 22,773 
Net proceeds from employee equity plans374 428 
Dividends paid on common stock(1,725)(1,661)
Purchase of treasury stock(25,655)— 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(8,306)21,540 
Cash at end of the period$887 $1,293 

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Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Cash at beginning of the year$1,170 $1,523 
Net cash provided by operating activities25,869 19,703 
Acquisitions of businesses(44,000)— 
Proceeds from divestitures and sale of other assets1,275 10,877 
Proceeds from insurance claims421 46 
Capital expenditures(4,982)(3,551)
Net (cash used) provided by investing activities(47,286)7,372 
Net borrowings (payments) on our Credit Facility, acquisition debt and finance lease obligations22,773 (25,152)
Net proceeds from (payments for) employee equity plans428 (71)
Dividends paid on common stock(1,661)(1,686)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities21,540 (26,909)
Cash at end of the period$1,293 $1,689 
Operating Activities
For the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, cash provided by operating activities was $25.9$19.7 million compared to $15.8$25.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase2023, a decrease of $10.1$6.2 million is primarily due to a $7.0 million withdrawal of realized capital gains and earnings from our preneed funeral and cemetery trust investments as well as favorable working capital changesreceived in accrued liabilities.the first quarter of 2023.
Investing Activities
Our investing activities, resulted in a net cash inflow of $7.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to a net cash outflow of $47.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $7.8 million foran increase of $54.7 million.
Acquisition and Divestiture Activity
During the three months ended March 31, 2022,2024, we sold six funeral homes and one cemetery for an increaseaggregate of $39.5$10.9 million.
Acquisition and Divestiture Activity
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we acquired a business consisting of three funeral homes, two cemeteries and one cremation focused business for $44.0 million. In addition, we sold one funeral home and two cemeteries for $0.8 million.
During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we sold two funeral homes for an aggregate of $0.9 million and purchased real property for $2.6 million.
Capital Expenditures
For the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, our capital expenditures (comprised of growth and maintenance spend) totaled $5.0$3.6 million compared to $6.9$5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022,2023, a decrease of $1.9$1.4 million.
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The following tables present our growth and maintenance capital expenditures (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended March 31,
202320232024
GrowthGrowth
Cemetery developmentCemetery development$2,264 $2,118 
Cemetery development
Cemetery development
Renovations at certain businesses(1)
1,155 906 
Renovations at certain businesses
Renovations at certain businesses
Renovations at certain businesses
OtherOther(148)116 
Other
Other
Total GrowthTotal Growth$3,271 $3,140 
(1)During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we spent $0.4 million for renovations on two businesses that were affected by Hurricane Ida, which occurred during the third quarter of 2021, all of which was reimbursed by our property insurance.
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Maintenance
Facility repairs and improvements$1,067 $89 
General equipment and furniture1,339 909 
Vehicles795 233 
Paving roads and parking lots311 156 
Information technology infrastructure improvements— 309 
Other100 146 
Total Maintenance$3,612 $1,842 

Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Maintenance
General equipment and furniture$1,218 $623 
Facility repairs and improvements89 302 
Vehicles233 14 
Paving roads and parking lots156 60 
Other146 163 
Total Maintenance$1,842 $1,162 
Financing Activities
Our financing activities resulted in a net cash outflow of $26.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to a net cash inflow of $21.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to a net cash outflowdecrease of $8.3 million for$48.4 million. 
During the three months ended March 31, 2022, an increase2024, we had net payments on our Credit Facility, acquisition debt and finance leases of $29.8$25.2 million and paid dividends of $1.7 million.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we had net borrowings on our Credit Facility, acquisition debt and finance leases of $22.8 million, offset by $1.7 million in dividends.of dividends paid.
DuringShare Repurchase
We did not repurchase any shares during the three months ended March 31, 2022, we had net borrowings on our Credit Facility, acquisition debt2023 and finance leases of $18.7 million, offset by $25.7 million for the purchase of treasury stock and $1.7 million in dividends.
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Share Repurchase
Share repurchase activity is as follows (dollar value in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Number of Shares Repurchased(1)
490,000 — 
Average Price Paid Per Share$53.08 $— 
Dollar Value of Shares Repurchased(1)
$26,010 $— 
(1)During the three months ended March 31, 2022, 52,242 shares settled in April 2022, which had a cost of $2.8 million.
Our shares were purchased in the open market at times and in amounts as management determined appropriate based on factors such as market conditions, legal requirements and other business considerations. Shares purchased pursuant to the repurchase program are currently held as treasury stock.2024. At March 31, 2023,2024, our share repurchase program had $48.9 million authorized for repurchases.
Cash Dividends
Our Board declared the following dividends payable on the dates below (in thousands, except per share amounts):
20242024Per ShareDollar Value
March 1st
2023
2023
20232023Per ShareDollar ValuePer ShareDollar Value
March 1st
March 1st
$0.1125 $1,661 
2022Per ShareDollar Value
March 1st
$0.1125 $1,725 
Credit Facility, Lease Obligations and Acquisition Debt
The outstanding principal of our Credit Facility, lease obligations and acquisition debt at March 31, 20232024 is as follows (in thousands):
March 31, 20232024
Credit Facility$213,600154,100 
Operating leases18,642 
Finance leases5,0525,948 
Operating leases19,872 
Acquisition debt3,9715,979 
Total$242,495184,669 
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Credit Facility
At March 31, 2023,2024, our senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) was comprised of: (i) a $250.0 million revolving credit facility, including a $15.0 million subfacility for letters of credit and a $10.0 million swingline, and (ii) an accordion or incremental option allowing for future increases in the facility size by an additional amount of up to $75.0 million in the aggregate in the form of increased revolving commitments or incremental term loans. The final maturity of the Credit Facility will occur on May 13, 2026.
Our obligations under the Credit Facility are unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by the same subsidiaries which guarantee the Senior Notes (defined below)(as defined in Note 12) and certain of our subsequently acquired or organized domestic subsidiaries (collectively, the “Subsidiary Guarantors”).
The Credit Facility contains customary affirmative covenants, including, but not limited to, covenants with respect to the use of proceeds, payment of taxes and other obligations, continuation of the Company’s business and the maintenance of existing rights and privileges, and the maintenance of property and insurance, amongstamong others.
In addition, the Credit Facility also contains customary negative covenants, including, but not limited to, covenants that restrict (subject to certain exceptions) the ability of the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors to incur indebtedness, grant liens, make investments, engage in mergers and acquisitions, and pay dividends and make other restricted payments, and certain financial maintenance covenants. At March 31, 2023,2024, we were subject to the following financial covenants under our Credit Facility: (A) a Total Leverage Ratio not to exceed 6.005.50 to 1.00 and (B) a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility) of not less than 1.20 to 1.00 as of the end of any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters. These financial maintenance covenants are calculated for the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. We were in compliance with all of the covenants contained in our Credit Facility as ofat March 31, 2023.
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2024.
At March 31, 2023,2024, we had outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility of $213.6$154.1 million. We also had one letter of credit for $2.3$2.6 million under the Credit Facility. The letter of credit will expire on November 27, 202325, 2024 and is expected to automatically renew annually and secures our obligations under our various self-insured policies. At March 31, 2023,2024, we had $34.1$93.3 million of availability under the Credit Facility.
The interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs related to our Credit Facility are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Credit Facility interest expense$3,811 $3,916 
Credit Facility amortization of debt issuance costs138 138 
Outstanding borrowings under our Credit Facility bear interest at a prime rate or athe Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index (“BSBY”) rate, plus an applicable margin based on our leverage ratio. At March 31, 2023,2024, the prime rate margin was equivalent to 2.375% and the BSBY rate margin was 3.375%. The weighted average interest rate on our Credit Facility was 2.1%7.9% and 7.9%8.9% for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2023,2024, respectively.
The interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs related to our Credit Facility are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Credit Facility interest expense$847 $3,811 
Credit Facility amortization of debt issuance costs88 138 
The interest payments on our remaining borrowings under the Credit Facility will be determined based on the average outstanding balance of our borrowings and the prevailing interest rate during that time.
Lease Obligations
Our lease obligations consist of operating and finance leases. We lease certain office facilities, certain funeral homes, equipmentvehicles and vehiclesequipment under operating leases with original terms ranging from one to twenty years. Many leases include one or more options to renew, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to forty years. WeIn addition, we lease certain other funeral homes, vehicles and equipment under finance leases with original terms ranging from tenthree and a half to forty years. At March 31, 2023,2024, operating and finance lease obligations were $36.3$35.5 million, with $5.0$5.5 million payable within 12 months.
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The components of lease cost are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Operating lease cost
Operating lease cost
Operating lease costOperating lease cost$848 $875 
Short-term lease costShort-term lease cost102 94 
Short-term lease cost
Short-term lease cost
Variable lease cost
Variable lease cost
Variable lease costVariable lease cost58 
Finance lease cost:Finance lease cost:
Finance lease cost:
Finance lease cost:
Depreciation of leased assets
Depreciation of leased assets
Depreciation of leased assetsDepreciation of leased assets$108 $108 
Interest on lease liabilitiesInterest on lease liabilities113 105 
Interest on lease liabilities
Interest on lease liabilities
Total finance lease cost
Total finance lease cost
Total finance lease costTotal finance lease cost221 213 
Total lease costTotal lease cost$1,178 $1,240 
Total lease cost
Total lease cost
Acquisition Debt
Acquisition debt consists of deferred purchase price and promissory notes payable to sellers. A majority of the deferred purchase price and notes bear no interest and are discounted at imputed interest rates ranging from 7.3%6.5% to 10.0%7.3%. Original maturities typically range from ninefive to twenty years. At March 31, 2023,2024, acquisition debt obligations were $5.6$9.2 million, with $0.7$0.9 million payable within 12 months.
The imputed interest expense related to our acquisition debt is as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Acquisition debt imputed interest expense$80 $71 
Three months ended March 31,
20232024
Acquisition debt imputed interest expense$71 $104 
Senior Notes
At March 31, 2023,2024, the principal amount of our 4.25% senior notes due in May 2029 (the “Senior Notes”) was $400.0 million. The Senior Notes were issued under an indenture, dated as of May 13, 2021 (the “Indenture”), among the Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee. The Senior Notes are unsecured, senior obligations and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis, jointly and severally by each of the Subsidiary Guarantors. The Senior Notes mature on May 15, 2029, unless earlier redeemed or purchased and bear interest at 4.25% per year, which is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning on November 15, 2021.
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The Indenture contains restrictive covenants limiting our ability and the ability of our Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the Indenture) to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares, create liens on certain assets to secure debt, pay dividends or make other equity distributions, purchase or redeem capital stock, make certain investments, sell assets, agree to certain restrictions on the ability of Restricted Subsidiaries to make payments to us, consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all assets, or engage in transactions with affiliates. The Indenture also contains customary events of default.
The debt discount and the debt issuance costs are being amortized using the effective interest method over the remaining term of approximately 7462 months of the Senior Notes. The effective interest rate on the unamortized debt discount and the unamortized debt issuance costs for the Senior Notes for both the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 20232024 was 4.42% and 4.30%, respectively.
At March 31, 2023,2024, the fair value of the Senior Notes, which are Level 2 measurements, was $328.2$355.2 million.
The interest expense and amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs related to our Senior Notes are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Senior Notes interest expense
Senior Notes interest expense
Senior Notes interest expenseSenior Notes interest expense$4,250 $4,250 
Senior Notes amortization of debt discountSenior Notes amortization of debt discount121 127 
Senior Notes amortization of debt discount
Senior Notes amortization of debt discount
Senior Notes amortization of debt issuance costsSenior Notes amortization of debt issuance costs34 36 
Senior Notes amortization of debt issuance costs
Senior Notes amortization of debt issuance costs
At March 31, 2023,2024, our future interest payments on our outstanding balance were $108.3$93.5 million, with $17.0 million payable within 12 months.
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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
Below are our financial highlights (in thousands except for volumes and averages):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Revenue
Revenue
RevenueRevenue$98,161 $95,514 
Funeral contractsFuneral contracts13,515 12,415 
Funeral contracts
Funeral contracts
Average revenue per funeral contract
Average revenue per funeral contract
Average revenue per funeral contractAverage revenue per funeral contract$5,396 $5,527 
Preneed interment rights (property) soldPreneed interment rights (property) sold2,3782,504
Preneed interment rights (property) sold
Preneed interment rights (property) sold
Average price per preneed interment right sold
Average price per preneed interment right sold
Average price per preneed interment right soldAverage price per preneed interment right sold$4,490 $4,496 
Gross profitGross profit$34,478 $31,055 
Gross profit
Gross profit
Net incomeNet income$16,402 $8,844 
Net income
Net income
Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased $2.62024 increased $8.0 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022,2023, as we experienced an 8.1% decrease in funeral contract volume, which was partially offset by a 2.4% increase in the average revenue per funeral contract and a 5.3%37.3% increase in the number of preneed interment rights (property) sold, whilea 7.9% increase in the average price per interment right sold remained flat. Theand a 4.1% increase in the average revenue per funeral contract, volumeoffset by a 2.6% decrease is primarily a result of the significant decline in COVID-19 related deaths in 2023 as compared to 2022, as these deaths now have a minimal impact on the overall death rate.funeral contract volume. The increase in interment rights sold iscemetery revenue highlights the effectiveness of our preneed cemetery sales growth plan, as we continue to focus on executing our strategic goals. Additionally, despite the funeral contract volume decline due exclusively to the COVID-19 related pull forward effect, we increased our newly acquired cemetery businesses, not presentaverage revenue per funeral contract through the successful execution of our enhanced pricing strategy, which was the primary driver in the comparative quarter of 2022.funeral revenue growth this quarter.
Gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased $3.42024 increased $6.2 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022,2023, primarily due to the decreaseincrease in revenue from both our funeral home segment,and cemetery segments, as well as increases in operating expenses in boththe continued progress we have made successfully executing on our funeral home and cemetery segments.cost management initiatives this quarter.
Net income for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 decreased $7.6$1.9 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to2023, as the following: (1) the $3.4 million decrease in gross profit, (2) a $3.0$6.2 million increase in interest expense, (3)profit contribution from our businesses was offset by a $1.6$6.1 million increase in general, administrative and administrativeother expenses (4)and a $1.2$1.3 million impact from divestitures, disposals and insurance reimbursements, offset by (5) a $1.6 million decreaseincrease in income tax expense.loss on divestitures.
Further discussion of Revenuerevenue and the components of Grossgross profit for our funeral home and cemetery segments is presented under “– Results of Operations.”
Further discussion of General,general, administrative and other expenses, Interestinterest expense, Incomeincome taxes and other components of income and expenses are presented under “– Other Financial Statement Items.”
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REPORTING AND NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
We also present our financial performance in our “Condensed Operating and Financial Trend Report” (“Trend Report”) as reported in our earnings release for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 issued on May 3, 2023,1, 2024, and discussed in the corresponding earnings conference call. The Trend Report is used as a supplemental financial statement by management and investors to compare our current financial performance with our previous results and with the performance of other companies. We do not intend for this information to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for other measures of performance prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The Trend Report is a non-GAAP statement that also provides insight into underlying trends in our business.
Below is a reconciliation of Grossgross profit (a GAAP financial measure) to Operatingoperating profit (a non-GAAP financial measure) (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Gross profit
Gross profit
Gross profitGross profit$34,478 $31,055 
Cemetery property amortizationCemetery property amortization1,332 1,201 
Cemetery property amortization
Cemetery property amortization
Field depreciation expense
Field depreciation expense
Field depreciation expenseField depreciation expense3,297 3,357 
Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costsRegional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs6,347 5,437 
Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs
Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs
Operating profit(1)
Operating profit(1)
$45,454 $41,050 
Operating profit(1)
Operating profit(1)
(1)Operating profit is defined as Grossgross profit plus Cemeterycemetery property amortization, Fieldfield depreciation expense and Regionalregional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs.
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Our operations are reported in two business segments: Funeral Home and Cemetery. Below is a breakdown of Operatingoperating profit (a non-financial GAAPnon-GAAP financial measure) by Segmentsegment (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Funeral Home
Funeral Home
Funeral HomeFuneral Home$33,735 $28,966 
CemeteryCemetery11,719 12,084 
Cemetery
Cemetery
Operating profit
Operating profit
Operating profitOperating profit$45,454 $41,050 
Operating profit margin(1)
Operating profit margin(1)
46.3%43.0%
Operating profit margin(1)
Operating profit margin(1)
(1)Operating profit margin is defined as Operatingoperating profit as a percentage of Revenue.revenue.
Further discussion of Operatingoperating profit for our funeral home and cemetery segments is presented under “– Results of Operations.”
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following is a discussion of our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and 2022.2023.
We previously classified ourThe term “operating” in the funeral homeshome and cemeteries as “same store” or “acquired” in our results of operations discussion in our quarterly and annual filings priorcemetery segments refers to December 31, 2022. Same store generally referred to funeral homes and cemeteries acquired at least five years before the reporting period being presented, while acquired generally referred to funeral homes and cemeteries acquired within the preceding five years of the reporting period being presented, both of which excluded certainall funeral homes and cemeteries that we intended to divest.
In an effort to simplify the discussion of our results of operations, provide meaningful metrics to investors to compare our results to previous periods and provide more insight into the underlying long-term performance trends in our business, we have combined both the same store and acquired categories and now refer to this combination as “operating”. The term “operating” in the Funeral Home and Cemetery Segment simply refers to all our funeral homes and cemeteries owned and operated in the current reporting period, excluding certain funeral home and cemetery businesses that we have divested or intend to divest in the near future.such period.
The term “divested” when discussed in the Funeral Home Segment,funeral home segment, refers to six funeral homes we sold in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and one funeral home we sold in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and two funeral homes we sold in the three months ended March 31, 2022.2023. The term “divested” when discussed in the Cemetery Segment,cemetery segment, refers to two cemeteries we sold duringthe sale of one cemetery in each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
“Planned divested” refers toThe term “ancillary” in the funeral home and cemetery businesses that we intend to divest.
“Ancillary” in the Funeral Home Segmentsegment represents our flower shop, monument business, pet cremation business and online cremation business.businesses.
Cemetery property amortization, Fieldfield depreciation expense and Regionalregional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs, are not included in Operatingoperating profit, a non-GAAP financial measure. Adding back these items will result in Grossgross profit, a GAAP financial measure.
- 40 -

Funeral Home Segment
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our Revenuerevenue and Operatingoperating profit for our funeral home operations (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended March 31,
202320232024
Revenue:Revenue:
OperatingOperating$70,212 $66,463 
Divested/planned divested589 108 
Operating
Operating
Divested
AncillaryAncillary1,070 1,057 
OtherOther2,484 2,457 
TotalTotal$74,355 $70,085 
Operating profit:Operating profit:
Operating profit:
Operating profit:
OperatingOperating$31,273 $26,628 
Divested/planned divested48 (26)
Operating
Operating
Divested
AncillaryAncillary221 146 
OtherOther2,193 2,218 
TotalTotal$33,735 $28,966 
The following operating measures reflect the significant metrics over this comparative period:The following operating measures reflect the significant metrics over this comparative period:
The following operating measures reflect the significant metrics over this comparative period:
The following operating measures reflect the significant metrics over this comparative period:
Contract volume
Contract volume
Contract volumeContract volume13,393 12,384 
Average revenue per contract, excluding preneed funeral trust earningsAverage revenue per contract, excluding preneed funeral trust earnings$5,242 $5,367 
Average revenue per contract, including preneed funeral trust earningsAverage revenue per contract, including preneed funeral trust earnings$5,398 $5,531 
Cremation rateCremation rate57.1%59.1%Cremation rate59.1%59.0%
Funeral home operating revenue decreased $3.7increased $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 20232024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022.2023. The decreaseincrease in operating revenue is primarily driven by a 7.5% decrease in contract volume, which was partially offset by a 2.4%4.1% increase in the average revenue per contract excluding preneed interest. Theinterest, which was partially offset by a 2.6% decrease in contract
- 41 -


volume. Despite the funeral contract volume decrease is primarily a result ofdecline due to the significant decline in COVID-19 related deaths in 2023 as compared to 2022, as these deaths now have a minimal impact on the overall death rate. The increase inpull forward effect, we increased our average revenue per funeral contract is primarily due to a combinationthrough the successful execution of price increases and our continued focus on educating families onenhanced pricing strategy, which was the many products and service options that are available with burials and cremations.primary driver in funeral revenue growth this quarter.
Funeral home operating profit for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased $4.62024 increased $1.2 million when compared to the same period in 2022,2023, primarily due to anthe increase in operating revenue, as well as a decrease in operating expenses as a percentage of revenue. The comparable operating profit margin decreased 440increased 100 basis points to 40.1%41.3%. Operating expenses as a percentage of revenue increased 4.5%decreased 1.1%, with the largest increasedecreases in salarysalaries and benefits expenses of 2.2%, facilities0.6% and groundspromotional expenses of 1.0%0.2%, general and administrative expenses of 0.6%, and other funeral costs of 0.4%. The increase in operating expenses is partially due to higher costs from inflationary impacts concentrated inwhich reflects the continued progress we have made successfully executing on our full-time hourly base rates, utilities and funeral supplies.cost management initiatives this quarter.
Ancillary revenue, which represents revenue from our flower shop, monument business, pet cremation business and online cremation businesses, remained flat and Ancillaryincreased $0.2 million, while ancillary operating profit decreased $0.1 millionremained flat for the three months ended March 31, 20232024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022.2023. The increase in ancillary revenue is primarily due to our Bakersfield, CA business, which was acquired during the last week of March 2023 and therefore was not fully present in the comparative period.
Other revenue and other operating profit, which consists of preneed funeral insurance commissions and earnings from delivered preneed funeral trust and insurance remained flatcontracts, increased $0.7 million and $0.6 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022.same period in 2023. These increases are primarily due to our continued focus on growth of our preneed funeral sales through our strategic partnership with a national insurance provider that began during the second quarter of 2023. As a result, we have experienced a 25.7% increase in preneed insurance contracts sold during the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period in 2023.
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Cemetery Segment
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our Revenuerevenue and Operatingoperating profit for our cemetery operations (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended March 31,
202320232024
Revenue:Revenue:
OperatingOperating$20,475 $21,605 
Divested/planned divested73 42 
Operating
Operating
Divested
OtherOther3,258 3,782 
TotalTotal$23,806 $25,429 
Operating profit:
Operating profit (loss):
Operating profit (loss):
Operating profit (loss):
OperatingOperating$8,595 $8,393 
Divested/planned divested12 
Operating
Operating
Divested
OtherOther3,120 $3,679 
TotalTotal$11,719 $12,084 
The following operating measures reflect the significant metrics over this comparative period:The following operating measures reflect the significant metrics over this comparative period:
The following operating measures reflect the significant metrics over this comparative period:
The following operating measures reflect the significant metrics over this comparative period:
Preneed revenue as a percentage of operating revenue
Preneed revenue as a percentage of operating revenue
Preneed revenue as a percentage of operating revenuePreneed revenue as a percentage of operating revenue59.0%58.0%58.0%65.0%
Preneed revenue (in thousands)Preneed revenue (in thousands)$12,078 $12,447 
Atneed revenue (in thousands)Atneed revenue (in thousands)$8,396 $9,157 
Number of preneed interment rights soldNumber of preneed interment rights sold2,3652,499
Average price per interment right soldAverage price per interment right sold$4,510 $4,500 
Cemetery operating revenue increased $1.1$6.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 20232024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022,2023, as we experienced a 5.7%37.3% increase in the number of preneed interment rights (property) sold whileand a 7.9% increase in the average price per preneed interment right sold remained flat. The increase in interment rights sold is due exclusively to our newly acquired cemetery businesses, not present in the comparative quarter of 2022.sold. Cemetery atneed revenue, which represents 42.0%35.0% of our total operating revenue, increased $0.8$0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, compared to the same period of the prior year,in 2023, primarily due to an increase in sales ofdelivered merchandise and services.services across our cemetery portfolio. The increase in cemetery revenue highlights the effectiveness of our preneed cemetery sales growth plan, as we continue to focus on executing our strategic goals.
Cemetery operating profit decreased $0.2increased $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 20232024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022,2023, primarily due to anthe increase in operating revenue, as well as a decrease in operating expenses as a percentage of revenue. The comparable operating profit margin decreased 320increased 430 basis points to 38.8%43.3%. Operating expenses as a percentpercentage of operating revenue increased 3.1%decreased 4.3%, with the largest increasedecreases in merchandise costs of 0.9%, salarysalaries and benefits expenses of 0.9%2.9%, merchandise costs of 1.2%, and facilities and grounds expenses of 0.6%. The increase in, which reflects the continued progress we have made successfully executing on our cost management initiatives this quarter.
Other revenue and other operating expenses is partially due to higher costs from inflationary impacts concentrated in our utilities and merchandise costs.
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Other revenue,profit, which consistsconsist of preneed cemetery trust revenue and preneed cemetery finance charges, both increased $0.5$0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase is2023, primarily due to an increase in dividends and interest income in our perpetual care trust fund. Other operating profit increased $0.6 million for the same comparative period, primarily duefinance charge revenue related to the increase in revenue.cemetery sales during the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period in 2023.
Cemetery property amortization. Cemetery property amortization totaled $1.2$1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decrease2024, an increase of $0.1$0.6 million compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease is2023, primarily due to fewer sales of private mausoleumsthe increase in the first quarter of 2023, which generally have a higher cost of construction.property sold across our cemetery portfolio.
Field depreciation.Depreciation expense for our field businesses totaled $3.4$3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, an increase of $0.1 million compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to acquisitions made in latter half of 2022.2023.
Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs. Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs consist of salaries and benefits for regional management, field incentive compensation and other related costs for field infrastructure. Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs totaled $5.4$3.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, a decrease of $0.9$1.6 million compared to the same period in 2022,2023, primarily due to the following: (1) a $0.5an $0.8 million decrease in cash incentives and equity compensation; (2) a $0.3compensation costs and an $0.8 million decrease in incentive award trips and annual managing partner meetings; and (3) a $0.1 million decrease in other general expenses.trip costs.
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Other Financial Statement Items
General, administrative and other. General, administrative and other expenses, which includes salaries and benefits and cash and equity incentive compensation for the Houston support office, totaled $10.2$16.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, an increase of $1.6$6.1 million compared to the same period in 2022,2023, which is primarily due to anthe following: (1) a $4.2 million increase in salary and benefits expense, along with increasedexpenses and cash and equity incentive compensation as a resultcosts, primarily driven by the termination expense recorded during the first quarter of having a complete senior leadership team at the end2024 for our former Executive Chairman of the current period.Board pursuant to his Transition Agreement effective February 22, 2024; (2) a $1.5 million increase in professional fees related to the Board’s review of strategic alternatives; and (3) a $0.4 million increase in all other expenses.
Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairments charges. The components of Net loss on divestitures, disposals and impairment charges are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Net loss on divestitures
Net loss on divestitures
Net loss on divestituresNet loss on divestitures$703 $82 
Net loss on disposals of fixed assetsNet loss on disposals of fixed assets64 159 
Net loss on disposals of fixed assets
Net loss on disposals of fixed assets
TotalTotal$767 $241 
Total
Total
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we sold six funeral homes and one cemetery for an aggregate loss of $1.5 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, we divestedsold one funeral home and two cemeteries for an aggregate loss of $0.1 million and we divested two funeral homes for a loss of $0.7 million, respectively.million.
Interest expense. Interest expense related to its respective debt arrangement is as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222023
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2023
2023
Senior Notes
Senior Notes
Senior NotesSenior Notes$4,406 $4,413 
Credit FacilityCredit Facility935 3,949 
Credit Facility
Credit Facility
Finance leases
Finance leases
Finance leasesFinance leases113 105 
Acquisition debtAcquisition debt80 71 
Acquisition debt
Acquisition debt
Other
Other
OtherOther
TotalTotal$5,542 $8,539 
Total
Total
(Gain)Net loss on property damage, net of insurance claims. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded a $0.3 million loss, net of insurance proceeds, for property damaged by a fire that occurred during first quarter of 2023. DuringWe did not record any gain or loss activity during the three months ended March 31, 2022, we recorded a $1.9 million gain, net of insurance proceeds, for property damaged by Hurricane Ida that occurred during the third quarter of 2021.2024.
Other, net. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded a $0.5 million gain on the sale of other real propertyestate not used in business operations. We did not record any gain or loss activity during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Income taxes. Income tax expense totaled $3.5$3.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decrease2024, an increase of $1.6$0.2 million compared to the same period in 2022,2023, primarily due to lower pre-tax incomean increase in the current period.tax expense on discrete items. Our operating tax rate before discrete items was 28.9%32.8% and 26.5%28.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, and 2022, respectively.

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OVERVIEW OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. Understanding our accounting policies and the extent to which our management uses judgment, assumptions and estimates in applying these policies is integral to understanding our Consolidated Financial Statements. Our critical accounting policies are more fully described in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in Note 1 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.2023.
We have identified Business Combinations and Goodwill as those accounting policies that require significant judgments, assumptions and estimates and that have a significant impact on our financial condition and results of operations. These policies are considered critical because they may result in fluctuations in our reported results from period to period due to the significant judgments, estimates and assumptions about complex and inherently uncertain matters and because the use of different judgments, assumptions or estimates could have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. Actual results may differ from these estimates and such estimates may change if the underlying conditions or assumptions change. Historical performance should not be viewed as indicative of future performance because there can be no assurance the margins, operating income and net earnings, as a percentage of revenue, will be consistent from period to period. We evaluate our critical accounting estimates and judgments required by our policies on an ongoing basis and update them as appropriate based on changing conditions.
SEASONALITY
Our business can be affected by seasonal fluctuations in the death rate, with number of deaths generally higher during the winter months due to the higher incidences of death from influenza and pneumonia as compared to other periods of the year. Seasonal fluctuations in the death rate may be further affected by epidemics and pandemics, like COVID-19. Generally, the number of deaths is higherCOVID-19, including any new or emerging public health threats. These unexpected fluctuations may not only increase death rates during the winter months becauseaffected period, but also may subsequently decrease death rates following the incidences of death from influenza and pneumonia are higher during thisaffected period than other periods of the year. For example, we experienced fluctuations in the death rate due to COVID-19, withas a result of increased deaths during the durationan acceleration of the pandemic. Although deaths directly attributable from COVID-19 now have minimal direct impact on the overall death rate, the overall death rate remains higher than the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period.rates (also referred to as a “pull forward effect”). As a result, we are unable to predict or forecast the duration or variation of this increasedthe current death rate with any certainty.
Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
In the ordinary course of business, we are typically exposed to a variety of market risks. Currently, these are primarily related to interest rate risk and changes in the values of securities associated with the preneed and perpetual care trusts. Management is actively involved in monitoring exposure to market risk and developing and utilizing appropriate risk management techniques when appropriate and when available for a reasonable price. We are not exposed to any other significant market risks other than those related to COVID-19the impact of health and safety concerns from epidemics and pandemics and inflation, which are described in more detail in Part 1, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.2023.
The following quantitative and qualitative information is provided about financial instruments to which we are a party at March 31, 20232024 and from which we may incur future gains or losses from changes in market conditions. We do not enter into derivative or other financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes.
Hypothetical changes in interest rates and the values of securities associated with the preneed and perpetual care trusts chosen for the following estimated sensitivity analysis are considered to be reasonable near-term changes generally based on consideration of past fluctuations for each risk category. However, since it is not possible to accurately predict future changes in interest rates, these hypothetical changes may not necessarily be an indicator of probable future fluctuations.
The following information about our market-sensitive financial instruments constitutes a “forward-looking statement.”
In connection with our preneed funeral operations and preneed cemetery merchandise and service sales, the related funeral and cemetery trust funds own investments in equity and debt securities and mutual funds, which are sensitive to current market prices. Cost and market values of such investments at March 31, 20232024 are presented in Part 1, Item 1, Financial Statements, Note 8 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The sensitivity of the fixed income securities is such that a 0.25% change in interest rates causes an approximate 1.21%0.87% change in the value of the fixed income securities.
We monitor current and forecasted interest rate risk in the ordinary course of business and seek to maintain optimal financial flexibility, quality and solvency. At March 31, 2023,2024, we had outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility of $213.6$154.1 million. Any further borrowings or voluntary prepayments against the Credit Facility or any change in the floating rate would cause a change in interest expense. We have the option to pay interest under the Credit Facility at either prime rate or the BSBY rate plus a margin.an applicable margin based on our leverage ratio. At March 31, 2023,2024, the prime rate margin was equivalent to 2.375% and the BSBY rate margin was 3.375%. Assuming the outstanding balance remains unchanged, a change of 100 basis points in our borrowing rate would result
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points in our borrowing rate would result in a change in income before taxes of $2.1$1.5 million. We have not entered into interest rate hedging arrangements in the past. Management continually evaluates the cost and potential benefits of interest rate hedging arrangements.
Our Senior Notes bear interest at the fixed annual rate of 4.25%. We may redeem the Senior Notes, in whole or in part, at the redemption price of 102.13% on or after May 15, 2024, 101.06% on or after May 15, 2025 and 100% on or after May 15, 2026, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. At any time before May 15, 2024, we may also redeem all or part of the Senior Notes at the redemption prices described in the Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but excluding) the date of redemption. At March 31, 2023,2024, the carrying value of the Senior Notes on our Consolidated Balance Sheet was $395.4$396.1 million and the fair value of the Senior Notes was $328.2$355.2 million based on the last traded or broker quoted price, reported by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.Authority. Increases in market interest rates may cause the value of the Senior Notes to decrease, but such changes will not affect our interest costs. 
The remainder of our long-term debt and leases consist of non-interest bearing notes and fixed rate instruments that do not trade in a market and do not have a quoted market value. Any increase in market interest rates causes the fair value of those liabilities to decrease, but such changes will not affect our interest costs.
Item 4.Controls and Procedures.
Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, havehas evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange ActAct) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SECSEC's rules and forms, and to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive and principal financial officers have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at March 31, 20232024 and that the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with US GAAP.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our system of internal control over financial reporting (defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.Legal Proceedings.
We and our subsidiaries are parties to a number of legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. While the outcome of these proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not expect these matters to have a material adverse effect on our financial statements.
We self-insure against certain risks and carry insurance with coverage and coverage limits for risk in excess of the coverage amounts consistent with our assessment of risks in our business and of an acceptable level of financial exposure. Although there can be no assurance that self-insurance reserves and insurance will be sufficient to mitigate all damages, claims, or contingencies, we believe that the reserves and our insurance provides reasonable coverage for known asserted and unasserted claims. In the event we sustain a loss from a claim and the insurance carrier disputes coverage or coverage limits, we may record a charge in a different period than the recovery, if any, from the insurance carrier.
Item 1A.Risk Factors.
Risk Factor Update
In light of recent developments affecting the financial services industry, we are also supplementing theThere have been no material changes in our risk factors set out underas previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 with2023. Readers should carefully consider the new risk factor set out below. The risk factor below should be carefully readfactors discussed in conjunction with the risk factors set outPart I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022,2023, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20222023 are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results.
GENERAL RISKS
Economic Conditions and Natural Disasters
Adverse developments affecting the financial services industry, including events or concerns involving liquidity, defaults, or non-performance by financial institutions, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
We currently maintain cash balances in accounts at U.S. financial institutions that we believe are high quality. These accounts, held by us and our affiliated companies, are in non-interest-bearing and interest-bearing operating accounts and may, from time to time, exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. If such banking institutions were to fail, we could lose all or a portion of those amounts held in excess of such insurance limitations. In addition, actual events involving limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions, our third-party vendors and counterparties or other companies in the financial services industry or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
Although we assess our banking relationships as we believe necessary or appropriate, our access to funding sources and other credit arrangements in amounts adequate to finance or capitalize our respective current and projected future business operations could be significantly impaired by factors that affect us, the financial institutions with which we have arrangements directly, or the financial services industry or economy in general. These factors could include, among others, events such as liquidity constraints or failures, the ability to perform obligations under various types of financial, credit or liquidity agreements or arrangements, disruptions or instability in the financial services industry or financial markets, or concerns or negative expectations about the prospects for companies in the financial services industry. These factors could involve financial institutions or financial services industry companies with which we, have financial or business relationships, but could also include factors involving financial markets or the financial services industry generally.
In addition, investor concerns regarding the U.S. or international financial systems could result in less favorable commercial financing terms, including higher interest rates or costs and tighter financial and operating covenants, or systemic limitations on access to credit and liquidity sources, thereby making it more difficult for us to acquire future financing or access to capital on acceptable terms or at all. As availability under our Credit Facility and/or the ability to access capital has historically been, and is expected to continue to be, one of our primary sources of liquidity, any adverse impacts on our ability to access such credit and liquidity sources as a result of adverse developments affecting the financial services industry could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to repurchases of our common stock during the quarter ended March 31, 2023:2024:
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)
Average Price Paid Per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program
Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program(2)
January 1, 2023 - January 31, 2023— $— — $48,898,769 
February 1, 2023 - February 28, 20231,395 $33.48 — $48,898,769 
March 1, 2023 - March 31, 2023— $— — $48,898,769 
Total for quarter ended March 31, 20231,395 — 
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)
Average Price Paid Per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program
Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program(2)
January 1, 2024 - January 31, 2024— $— — $48,898,769 
February 1, 2024 - February 29, 202414,597 $25.58 — $48,898,769 
March 1, 2024 - March 31, 20241,718 $26.14 — $48,898,769 
Total for quarter ended March 31, 202416,315 — 
(1)Represents shares surrendered by employees to pay taxes withheld upon the vesting of restricted stock awards.
(2)See Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, Note 14 for additional information on our publicly announced share repurchase program.
Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
Not applicable.
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5.Other Information.
Not applicable.
Item 6.Exhibits.
The exhibits required to be filed pursuant to the requirements of Item 601 of Regulation S-K are set forth in the Exhibit Index accompanying this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are incorporated herein by reference.
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
Date:May 5, 20233, 2024/s/ L. Kian Granmayeh
L. Kian Granmayeh
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)
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CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
INDEX OF EXHIBITS
Exhibit No.Description
*3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
10.1
10.2
*10.3
*10.4
*10.5
*10.6
*10.7
10.8
*31.1
*31.2
**32
*101.INSXBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
*101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Documents.
*101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
*101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
*101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
*101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
*104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

 __________________
(*)Filed herewith.
(**)Furnished herewith.
(†)Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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