Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of IncomeOperations
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from rentals | $ | 656,853 | $ | 546,527 | $ | 1,910,366 | $ | 1,533,593 | |||||||||||||||
| Other income | 2,999 | 1,232 | 8,315 | 3,634 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 659,852 | 547,759 | 1,918,681 | 1,537,227 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental operations | 201,189 | 165,995 | 578,801 | 447,838 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 49,958 | 37,931 | 134,286 | 109,807 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | 22,984 | 35,678 | 76,681 | 107,303 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 254,929 | 210,842 | 737,666 | 581,807 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of real estate | 38,783 | 42,620 | 38,783 | 52,675 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — | — | 3,317 | 67,253 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 567,843 | 493,066 | 1,569,534 | 1,366,683 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | 40 | 3,091 | 473 | 9,237 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investment (loss) income | (32,305) | 67,084 | (312,105) | 372,361 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gain (loss) on sales of real estate | 323,699 | (435) | 537,918 | 2,344 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | 383,443 | 124,433 | 575,433 | 554,486 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (38,747) | (21,286) | (108,092) | (58,134) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders | 344,696 | 103,147 | 467,341 | 496,352 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to unvested restricted stock awards | (3,257) | (1,883) | (5,866) | (5,750) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders | $ | 341,439 | $ | 101,264 | $ | 461,475 | $ | 490,602 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 2.11 | $ | 0.67 | $ | 2.88 | $ | 3.39 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 2.11 | $ | 0.67 | $ | 2.88 | $ | 3.38 | |||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||
| Rental | $ | 216,021 | $ | 166,591 | $ | 635,156 | $ | 486,505 | |||||||
| Tenant recoveries | 67,058 | 58,681 | 188,874 | 165,385 | |||||||||||
| Other income | 2,291 | 5,107 | 5,276 | 20,654 | |||||||||||
| Total revenues | 285,370 | 230,379 | 829,306 | 672,544 | |||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||
| Rental operations | 83,469 | 72,002 | 237,536 | 205,164 | |||||||||||
| General and administrative | 17,636 | 15,854 | 56,099 | 46,426 | |||||||||||
| Interest | 31,031 | 25,850 | 92,563 | 75,730 | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 107,788 | 77,133 | 309,069 | 218,168 | |||||||||||
| Impairment of real estate | — | 8,114 | 203 | 193,237 | |||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — | 3,230 | 670 | 3,230 | |||||||||||
| Total expenses | 239,924 | 202,183 | 696,140 | 741,955 | |||||||||||
| Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | 14,100 | 273 | 15,050 | (270 | ) | ||||||||||
| Gain on sales of real estate – rental properties | — | — | 270 | — | |||||||||||
| Gain on sales of real estate – land parcels | — | 90 | 111 | 90 | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 59,546 | 28,559 | 148,597 | (69,591 | ) | ||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (5,773 | ) | (4,084 | ) | (18,892 | ) | (11,614 | ) | |||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders | 53,773 | 24,475 | 129,705 | (81,205 | ) | ||||||||||
| Dividends on preferred stock | (1,302 | ) | (5,007 | ) | (6,364 | ) | (16,388 | ) | |||||||
| Preferred stock redemption charge | — | (13,095 | ) | (11,279 | ) | (25,614 | ) | ||||||||
| Net income attributable to unvested restricted stock awards | (1,198 | ) | (921 | ) | (3,498 | ) | (2,807 | ) | |||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders | $ | 51,273 | $ | 5,452 | $ | 108,564 | $ | (126,014 | ) | ||||||
| Net income (loss) per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – basic and diluted | $ | 0.55 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 1.20 | $ | (1.69 | ) | ||||||
| Dividends declared per share of common stock | $ | 0.86 | $ | 0.80 | $ | 2.55 | $ | 2.40 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
2
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 383,443 | $ | 124,433 | $ | 575,433 | $ | 554,486 | |||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive (loss) income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized (losses) gains on foreign currency translation: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized foreign currency translation (losses) gains arising during the period | (12,874) | (1,521) | (17,431) | 596 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized (losses) gains on foreign currency translation, net | (12,874) | (1,521) | (17,431) | 596 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive (loss) income | (12,874) | (1,521) | (17,431) | 596 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income | 370,569 | 122,912 | 558,002 | 555,082 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (38,747) | (21,286) | (108,092) | (58,134) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders | $ | 331,822 | $ | 101,626 | $ | 449,910 | $ | 496,948 | |||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 59,546 | $ | 28,559 | $ | 148,597 | $ | (69,591 | ) | ||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale equity securities: | |||||||||||||||
| Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period | 17,018 | (38,621 | ) | 23,414 | (70,055 | ) | |||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income (loss) | — | (8,540 | ) | 2,482 | (18,627 | ) | |||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale equity securities, net | 17,018 | (47,161 | ) | 25,896 | (88,682 | ) | |||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate hedge agreements: | |||||||||||||||
| Unrealized interest rate hedge gains (losses) arising during the period | 145 | 2,982 | 812 | (7,655 | ) | ||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for amortization of interest expense included in net income (loss) | 198 | 1,702 | 1,810 | 3,725 | |||||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate hedge agreements, net | 343 | 4,684 | 2,622 | (3,930 | ) | ||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on foreign currency translation: | |||||||||||||||
| Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) arising during the period | 3,836 | (1,322 | ) | 7,592 | 842 | ||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for cumulative foreign currency translation losses included in net income (loss) upon sale or liquidation | — | 3,779 | 2,421 | 10,807 | |||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on foreign currency translation, net | 3,836 | 2,457 | 10,013 | 11,649 | |||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 21,197 | (40,020 | ) | 38,531 | (80,963 | ) | |||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | 80,743 | (11,461 | ) | 187,128 | (150,554 | ) | |||||||||
| Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (5,783 | ) | (4,081 | ) | (18,914 | ) | (11,587 | ) | |||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders | $ | 74,960 | $ | (15,542 | ) | $ | 168,214 | $ | (162,141 | ) | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
| Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of Common Shares | Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Noncontrolling Interests | Total Equity | Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2022 | 161,456,046 | $ | 1,615 | $ | 17,149,571 | $ | — | $ | (11,851) | $ | 3,313,189 | $ | 20,452,524 | $ | 9,612 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | 344,696 | — | 38,545 | 383,241 | 202 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | — | (12,874) | — | (12,874) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions from and sales of noncontrolling interests | — | — | 125,956 | — | — | 324,957 | 450,913 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions to and redemption of noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | (47,259) | (47,259) | (202) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | 1,000,000 | 10 | 199,420 | — | — | — | 199,430 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance pursuant to stock plan | 269,934 | 3 | 29,198 | — | — | — | 29,201 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxes related to net settlement of equity awards | (106,445) | (2) | (15,784) | — | — | — | (15,786) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on common stock ($1.18 per share) | — | — | — | (193,623) | — | — | (193,623) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of earnings in excess of distributions | — | — | 151,073 | (151,073) | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2022 | 162,619,535 | $ | 1,626 | $ | 17,639,434 | $ | — | $ | (24,725) | $ | 3,629,432 | $ | 21,245,767 | $ | 9,612 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
7.00% Series D Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock | 6.45% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock | Number of Common Shares | Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Noncontrolling Interests | Total Equity | Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2016 | $ | 86,914 | $ | 130,000 | 87,665,880 | $ | 877 | $ | 4,672,650 | $ | — | $ | 5,355 | $ | 475,175 | $ | 5,370,971 | $ | 11,307 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | 129,705 | — | 18,139 | 147,844 | 753 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | — | — | 38,509 | 22 | 38,531 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (16,790 | ) | (16,790 | ) | (642 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9,877 | 9,877 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuances of common stock | — | — | 6,249,309 | 62 | 705,329 | — | — | — | 705,391 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuances pursuant to stock plan | — | — | 409,360 | 4 | 30,638 | — | — | — | 30,642 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of 7.00% Series D preferred stock | (12,528 | ) | — | — | — | 391 | (5,797 | ) | — | — | (17,934 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redemption of 6.45% Series E preferred stock | — | (130,000 | ) | — | — | 5,132 | (5,482 | ) | — | — | (130,350 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on common stock | — | — | — | — | — | (238,425 | ) | — | — | (238,425 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on preferred stock | — | — | — | — | — | (6,364 | ) | — | — | (6,364 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions in excess of earnings | — | — | — | — | (126,363 | ) | 126,363 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2017 | $ | 74,386 | $ | — | 94,324,549 | $ | 943 | $ | 5,287,777 | $ | — | $ | 43,864 | $ | 486,423 | $ | 5,893,393 | $ | 11,418 | ||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (In thousands) (Unaudited) | |||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | ||||||
| Operating Activities | |||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 148,597 | $ | (69,591 | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 309,069 | 218,168 | |||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 670 | 3,230 | |||||
| Gain on sales of real estate – rental properties | (270 | ) | — | ||||
| Impairment of real estate | 203 | 193,237 | |||||
| Gain on sales of real estate – land parcels | (111 | ) | (90 | ) | |||
| Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | (15,050 | ) | 270 | ||||
| Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | 249 | 286 | |||||
| Amortization of loan fees | 8,578 | 8,792 | |||||
| Amortization of debt premiums | (1,873 | ) | (117 | ) | |||
| Amortization of acquired below-market leases | (14,908 | ) | (2,905 | ) | |||
| Deferred rent | (74,362 | ) | (30,679 | ) | |||
| Stock compensation expense | 18,649 | 19,007 | |||||
| Investment gains | (8,425 | ) | (28,721 | ) | |||
| Investment losses | 6,418 | 10,670 | |||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||
| Restricted cash | (912 | ) | (278 | ) | |||
| Tenant receivables | (224 | ) | 843 | ||||
| Deferred leasing costs | (39,925 | ) | (21,621 | ) | |||
| Other assets | (10,662 | ) | (14,813 | ) | |||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and tenant security deposits | 30,619 | 6,163 | |||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 356,330 | 291,851 | |||||
| Investing Activities | |||||||
| Proceeds from sales of real estate | 4,263 | 27,332 | |||||
| Additions to real estate | (660,877 | ) | (638,568 | ) | |||
| Purchases of real estate | (590,884 | ) | (18,108 | ) | |||
| Deposits for investing activities | 4,700 | (54,998 | ) | ||||
| Investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | (248 | ) | (6,924 | ) | |||
| Return of capital from unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | 38,576 | — | |||||
| Additions to investments | (128,190 | ) | (68,384 | ) | |||
| Sales of investments | 18,896 | 35,295 | |||||
| Repayment of notes receivable | — | 9,054 | |||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (1,313,764 | ) | $ | (715,301 | ) | |
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
| Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of Common Shares | Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Noncontrolling Interests | Total Equity | Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2021 | 150,707,878 | $ | 1,507 | $ | 14,194,023 | $ | — | $ | (4,508) | $ | 1,979,228 | $ | 16,170,250 | $ | 11,567 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | 103,147 | — | 21,064 | 124,211 | 222 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | — | (1,521) | — | (1,521) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions from and sales of noncontrolling interests | — | — | 95,729 | — | — | 264,822 | 360,551 | 94 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions to and redemption of noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | (27,912) | (27,912) | (202) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | 2,452,349 | 24 | 492,057 | — | — | — | 492,081 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance pursuant to stock plan | 147,162 | 1 | 21,039 | — | — | — | 21,040 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxes related to net settlement of equity awards | (23,879) | — | (4,699) | — | — | — | (4,699) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on common stock ($1.12 per share) | — | — | — | (173,561) | — | — | (173,561) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of distributions in excess of earnings | — | — | (70,414) | 70,414 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2021 | 153,283,510 | $ | 1,532 | $ | 14,727,735 | $ | — | $ | (6,029) | $ | 2,237,202 | $ | 16,960,440 | $ | 11,681 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
5
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (In thousands) (Unaudited) | |||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | ||||||
| Financing Activities | |||||||
| Borrowings from secured notes payable | $ | 145,272 | $ | 215,330 | |||
| Repayments of borrowings from secured notes payable | (2,882 | ) | (234,096 | ) | |||
| Proceeds from issuance of unsecured senior notes payable | 424,384 | 348,604 | |||||
| Borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit | 2,634,000 | 2,349,000 | |||||
| Repayments of borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit | (2,348,000 | ) | (2,084,000 | ) | |||
| Repayments of borrowings from unsecured senior bank term loans | (200,000 | ) | (200,000 | ) | |||
| Change in restricted cash related to financing activities | (10,467 | ) | 7,742 | ||||
| Payment of loan fees | (4,343 | ) | (16,499 | ) | |||
| Repurchase of 7.00% Series D cumulative convertible preferred stock | (17,934 | ) | (98,633 | ) | |||
| Redemption of 6.45% Series E cumulative redeemable preferred stock | (130,350 | ) | — | ||||
| Proceeds from the issuance of common stock | 705,391 | 367,802 | |||||
| Dividends on common stock | (229,814 | ) | (177,966 | ) | |||
| Dividends on preferred stock | (8,317 | ) | (17,487 | ) | |||
| Financing costs paid for sale of noncontrolling interests | — | (8,093 | ) | ||||
| Contributions from and sale of noncontrolling interests | 9,877 | 68,621 | |||||
| Distributions to and purchase of noncontrolling interests | (17,432 | ) | (62,605 | ) | |||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 949,385 | 457,720 | |||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 1,579 | (1,440 | ) | ||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (6,470 | ) | 32,830 | ||||
| Cash and cash equivalents as of the beginning of period | 125,032 | 125,098 | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents as of the end of period | $ | 118,562 | $ | 157,928 | |||
| Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: | |||||||
| Cash paid during the period for interest, net of interest capitalized | $ | 86,232 | $ | 58,820 | |||
| Non-Cash Investing Activities: | |||||||
| Change in accrued construction | $ | (38,767 | ) | $ | 23,023 | ||
| Contribution of real estate to an unconsolidated real estate joint venture | $ | 6,998 | $ | — | |||
| Non-Cash Financing Activities: | |||||||
| Redemption of redeemable noncontrolling interests | $ | — | $ | (5,000 | ) | ||
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
| Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of Common Shares | Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Noncontrolling Interests | Total Equity | Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | 158,043,880 | $ | 1,580 | $ | 16,195,256 | $ | — | $ | (7,294) | $ | 2,834,096 | $ | 19,023,638 | $ | 9,612 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | 467,341 | — | 107,488 | 574,829 | 604 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | — | (17,431) | — | (17,431) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions from and sales of noncontrolling interests | — | — | 652,591 | — | — | 826,929 | 1,479,520 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions to and redemption of noncontrolling interests | — | — | (111) | — | — | (139,081) | (139,192) | (604) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | 4,220,000 | 42 | 845,704 | — | — | — | 845,746 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance pursuant to stock plan | 563,121 | 6 | 86,795 | — | — | — | 86,801 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxes related to net settlement of equity awards | (207,466) | (2) | (34,248) | — | — | — | (34,250) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on common stock ($3.51 per share) | — | — | — | (573,894) | — | — | (573,894) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of distributions in excess of earnings | — | — | (106,553) | 106,553 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2022 | 162,619,535 | $ | 1,626 | $ | 17,639,434 | $ | — | $ | (24,725) | $ | 3,629,432 | $ | 21,245,767 | $ | 9,612 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
6
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
| Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of Common Shares | Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Noncontrolling Interests | Total Equity | Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2020 | 136,690,329 | $ | 1,367 | $ | 11,730,970 | $ | — | $ | (6,625) | $ | 1,706,724 | $ | 13,432,436 | $ | 11,342 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | 496,352 | — | 57,475 | 553,827 | 659 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | 596 | — | 596 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions from and sales of noncontrolling interests | — | — | 199,644 | — | — | 554,327 | 753,971 | 282 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions to and redemption of noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | (81,324) | (81,324) | (602) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | 16,215,052 | 162 | 2,758,383 | — | — | — | 2,758,545 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance pursuant to stock plan | 518,090 | 5 | 72,282 | — | — | — | 72,287 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxes related to net settlement of equity awards | (139,961) | (2) | (24,910) | — | — | — | (24,912) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on common stock ($3.33 per share) | — | — | — | (504,986) | — | — | (504,986) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of distributions in excess of earnings | — | — | (8,634) | 8,634 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2021 | 153,283,510 | $ | 1,532 | $ | 14,727,735 | $ | — | $ | (6,029) | $ | 2,237,202 | $ | 16,960,440 | $ | 11,681 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
7
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (In thousands) (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Operating Activities: | |||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 575,433 | $ | 554,486 | |||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 737,666 | 581,807 | |||||||||
| Impairment of real estate | 38,783 | 52,675 | |||||||||
| Gain on sales of real estate | (537,918) | (2,344) | |||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 3,317 | 67,253 | |||||||||
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | (473) | (9,237) | |||||||||
| Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | 2,754 | 15,579 | |||||||||
| Amortization of loan fees | 9,574 | 8,530 | |||||||||
| Amortization of debt discounts (premiums) | 112 | (1,539) | |||||||||
| Amortization of acquired above- and below-market leases | (54,221) | (39,043) | |||||||||
| Deferred rent | (93,818) | (89,203) | |||||||||
| Stock compensation expense | 46,154 | 34,416 | |||||||||
| Investment loss (income) | 312,105 | (372,361) | |||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Tenant receivables | (422) | (415) | |||||||||
| Deferred leasing costs | (149,234) | (74,974) | |||||||||
| Other assets | (17,719) | (27,311) | |||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities | 21,065 | 62,318 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 893,158 | 760,637 | |||||||||
| Investing Activities: | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of real estate | 994,331 | 65,245 | |||||||||
| Additions to real estate | (2,324,017) | (1,542,210) | |||||||||
| Purchases of real estate | (2,499,772) | (3,758,704) | |||||||||
| Change in escrow deposits | 146,640 | (147,414) | |||||||||
| Acquisition of interest in unconsolidated real estate joint venture | — | (9,048) | |||||||||
| Investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | (1,245) | (739) | |||||||||
| Return of capital from unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | 471 | — | |||||||||
| Additions to non-real estate investments | (186,692) | (319,077) | |||||||||
| Sales of and distributions from non-real estate investments | 149,666 | 278,554 | |||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (3,720,618) | $ | (5,433,393) | |||||||
8
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (In thousands) (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Financing Activities: | |||||||||||
| Borrowings from secured notes payable | $ | 31,436 | $ | — | |||||||
| Repayments of borrowings from secured notes payable | (934) | (17,108) | |||||||||
| Payment for the defeasance of secured note payable | (198,304) | — | |||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of unsecured senior notes payable | 1,793,318 | 1,743,716 | |||||||||
| Repayments of unsecured senior notes payable | — | (650,000) | |||||||||
| Premium paid for early extinguishment of debt | — | (66,829) | |||||||||
| Borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit | 1,180,000 | 2,101,000 | |||||||||
| Repayments of borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit | (1,180,000) | (2,101,000) | |||||||||
| Proceeds from issuances under commercial paper program | 11,661,500 | 21,850,000 | |||||||||
| Repayments of borrowings under commercial paper program | (11,544,685) | (21,200,000) | |||||||||
| Payments of loan fees | (35,598) | (16,870) | |||||||||
| Taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards | (33,105) | (23,495) | |||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock | 845,746 | 2,758,545 | |||||||||
| Dividends on common stock | (564,118) | (482,408) | |||||||||
| Contributions from and sales of noncontrolling interests | 1,463,454 | 629,138 | |||||||||
| Distributions to and purchases of noncontrolling interests | (139,685) | (81,926) | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 3,279,025 | 4,442,763 | |||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (624) | 342 | |||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 450,941 | (229,651) | |||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as of the beginning of period | 415,227 | 597,705 | |||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as of the end of period | $ | 866,168 | $ | 368,054 | |||||||
| Supplemental Disclosure and Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities: | |||||||||||
| Cash paid during the period for interest, net of interest capitalized | $ | 67,852 | $ | 110,391 | |||||||
| Accrued construction for current-period additions to real estate | $ | 553,928 | $ | 377,193 | |||||||
| Right-of-use asset | $ | 21,776 | $ | 27,802 | |||||||
| Lease liability | $ | (21,776) | $ | (27,802) | |||||||
| Contribution of assets from real estate joint venture partner | $ | 19,146 | $ | 118,750 | |||||||
| Issuance of noncontrolling interest to joint venture partner | $ | (19,146) | $ | (118,750) | |||||||
| Consolidation of real estate assets in connection with our acquisition of partner’s interest in unconsolidated real estate joint venture | $ | — | $ | 19,613 | |||||||
| Assumption of secured note payable in connection with acquisition of partner’s interest in unconsolidated real estate joint venture | $ | — | $ | (14,558) | |||||||
| Deferred purchase price in connection with acquisitions of real estate | $ | — | $ | (185,179) | |||||||
| Assignment of secured notes payable in connection with the sale of real estate | $ | — | $ | 28,200 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
9
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (NYSE:ARE), an S&P 500® company, is an urban officea best-in-class, mission-driven life science REIT uniquely focusedmaking a positive and lasting impact on the world. As the pioneer of the life science real estate niche since its founding in 1994, Alexandria is the preeminent and longest-tenured owner, operator, and developer of collaborative life science, agtech, and technology campuses in AAA innovation cluster locations.locations, including Greater Boston, the San Francisco Bay Area, New York City, San Diego, Seattle, Maryland, and Research Triangle. The trusted partner to over 1,000 tenants, as of September 30, 2022, Alexandria has a total market capitalization of $33.3 billion and an asset base in North America of 74.5 million SF. As used in this quarterly report on Form 10‑Q,10-Q, references to the “Company,” “Alexandria,” “ARE,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
We have prepared the accompanying interim consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP and in conformity with the rules and regulations of the SEC. In our opinion, thethese interim consolidated financial statements presented herein reflect all adjustments, of a normal recurring nature, that are necessary to fairly present the interim consolidated financial statements. The results of operations for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017.2022. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 10‑K10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2021. Any references to our market capitalization, number or quality of buildings or tenants, quality of location, square footage, number of leases, or occupancy percentage, and any amounts derived from these values, in these notes to consolidated financial statements are outside the scope of our independent registered public accounting firm’s review.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Consolidation
On an ongoing basis, as circumstances indicate the need for reconsideration, we evaluate each legal entity that is not wholly owned by us in accordance with the consolidation guidance. Our evaluation considers all of our variable interests, including equity ownership, as well as fees paid to us for our involvement in the management of each partially owned entity. To fall within the scope of the consolidation guidance, an entity must meet both of the following criteria:
•The entity has a legal structure that has been established to conduct business activities and to hold assets; such entity can be in the form of a partnership, limited liability company, or corporation, among others; and
•We have a variable interest in the legal entity –— i.e., variable interests that are contractual, such as equity ownership, or other financial interests that change with changes in the fair value of the entity’s net assets.
If an entity does not meet both criteria above, we apply other accounting literature, such as the cost or equity method of accounting. If an entity does meet both criteria above, we evaluate such entity for consolidation under either the variable interest model if the legal entity meets any of the following characteristics to qualify as a VIE, or under the voting model for all other legal entities that are not VIEs.
A legal entity is determined to be a VIE if it has any of the following three characteristics:
1)The entity does not have sufficient equity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support;
2)The entity is established with non-substantive voting rights (i.e., the entity deprives the majority economic interest holder(s) of voting rights); or
3)The equity holders, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Equity holders meet this criterion if they lack any of the following:
•The power, through voting rights or similar rights, to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly influence the entity’s economic performance, as evidenced by:
•Substantive participating rights in day-to-day management of the entity’s activities; or
•Substantive kick-out rights over the party responsible for significant decisions;
•The obligation to absorb the entity’s expected losses; or
•The right to receive the entity’s expected residual returns.
10
Our real estate joint ventures consist of limited partnerships or limited liability companies. For an entity structured as a limited partnership or a limited liability company, our evaluation of whether the equity holders (equity partners other than us in eachthe general partner or the managing member of oura joint ventures)venture) lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest includes the evaluation of whether the limited partners or non-managing members (the noncontrolling equity holders) lack both substantive participating rights and substantive kick-out rights, defined as follows:
•Participating rights provide the noncontrolling equity holders the ability to direct significant financial and operating decisions made in the ordinary course of business that most significantly influence the entity’s economic performance.
•Kick-out rights allow the noncontrolling equity holders to remove the general partner or managing member without cause.
If we conclude that any of the three characteristics of a VIE are met, including that the equity holders lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest because they lack both substantive participating rights and substantive kick-out rights, we conclude that the entity is a VIE and evaluate it for consolidation under the variable interest model.
Variable interest model
If an entity is determined to be a VIE, we evaluate whether we are the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary analysis is a qualitative analysis based on power and benefits. We consolidate a VIE if we have both power and benefits –— that is, (i) we have the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly influence the VIE’s economic performance (power), and (ii) we have the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE, or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially could be significant to the VIE (benefits). We consolidate VIEs whenever we determine that we are the primary beneficiary. Refer to Note 34 – “Investments in Real Estate”“Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” to theseour unaudited consolidated financial statements for information on specific joint ventures that qualify as VIEs. If we have a variable interest in a VIE but we are not the primary beneficiary, we account for our investment using the equity method of accounting.
Voting model
If a legal entity fails to meet any of the three characteristics of a VIE (due to(i.e., insufficiency of equity, existence of non-substantive voting rights, or lack of a controlling financial interest), we then evaluate such entity under the voting model. Under the voting model, we consolidate the entity if we determine that we, directly or indirectly, have greater than 50% of the voting shares and that other equity holders do not have substantive participating rights. Refer to Note 4 – “Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures”“Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” to theseour unaudited consolidated financial statements for further information on one of our unconsolidated real estate joint ventures that qualifiesqualify for evaluation under the voting model.
Use of estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and equity; the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements; and the amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.
Investments in real estate and properties classified as held for sale
Evaluation of business combination or asset acquisition
We evaluate each acquisition of real estate or in-substance real estate (including equity interests in entities that predominantly hold real estate assets) to determine whether the integrated set of assets and activities acquired meets the definition of a business and needs to be accounted for as a business combination. An acquisition of an integrated set of assets and activities that does not meet the definition of a business and need to beis accounted for as a business combination.an asset acquisition. If either of the following criteria is met, the integrated set of assets and activities acquired would not qualify as a business:
•Substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in either a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets; or
•The integrated set of assets and activities is lacking, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs (i.e., revenue generated before and after the transaction).
An acquired process is considered substantive if:
•The process includes an organized workforce (or includes an acquired contract that provides access to an organized workforce) that is skilled, knowledgeable, and experienced in performing the process;
•The process cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort, or delay; or
•The process is considered unique or scarce.
11
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Generally, we expect thatour acquisitions of real estate or in-substance real estate willdo not meet the revised definition of a business because substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets (i.e., land, buildings, and related intangible assets) or because the acquisition does not include a substantive process in the form of an acquired workforce or an acquired contract that cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort, or delay. When evaluating acquired service or management contracts, we consider the nature of the services performed, the terms of the contract relative to similar arm’s lengtharm’s-length contracts, and the availability of comparable vendors in evaluating whether the acquired contract constitutes a substantive process.
Recognition of real estate acquired
We evaluate each acquisition of real estate or in-substance real estate (including equity interests in entities that predominantly hold real estate assets) to determine whether the integrated set of assets and activities acquired meets the definition of a business and needs to be accounted for as a business combination. An acquisition of an integrated set of assets and activities that does not meet the definition of a business is accounted for as an asset acquisition.
For acquisitions of real estate or in-substance real estate that are accounted for as business combinations, we recognizeallocate the acquisition consideration (excluding acquisition costs) to the assets acquired, (including the intangible value of acquired above- or below-market leases, acquired in-place leases, tenant relationships, and other intangible assets or liabilities), liabilities assumed, noncontrolling interests, and previously existing ownership interests at fair value as of the acquisition date. Assets include intangible assets such as tenant relationships, acquired in-place leases, and favorable intangibles associated with in-place leases in which we are the lessor. Liabilities include unfavorable intangibles associated with in-place leases in which we are the lessor. In addition, for acquired in-place finance or operating leases in which we are the lessee, acquisition consideration is allocated to lease liabilities and related right-of-use assets, adjusted to reflect favorable or unfavorable terms of the lease when compared with market terms. Any excess (deficit) of the consideration transferred relative to the fair value of the net assets acquired is accounted for as goodwill (bargain purchase gain). Acquisition costs related to business combinations are expensed as incurred.
We exercise judgment to determine the accounting model for asset acquisitions is a cost accumulation model, preexisting interests in the acquired assets, if any, are not remeasured to fair value but continue to be accounted for at their historical cost.
The value of tangible assets acquired is based upon our estimation of fair value on an “as if vacant” basis. The value of acquired in-place leases includes the estimated costs during the hypothetical lease-up period and other costs that would have been incurred in the execution of similar leases under the market conditions at the acquisition date of the acquired in-place lease. We assessIf there is a bargain fixed-rate renewal option for the fairperiod beyond the noncancelable lease term of an in-place lease, we evaluate intangible factors, such as the business conditions in the industry in which the lessee operates, the economic conditions in the area in which the property is located, and the ability of the lessee to sublease the property during the renewal term, in order to determine the likelihood that the lessee will renew. When we determine that there is reasonable assurance that such bargain purchase option will be exercised, we consider the option in determining the intangible value of tangiblesuch lease and intangibleits related amortization period. We also recognize the relative fair values of assets based on numerous factors, including estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discountacquired, the liabilities assumed, and capitalization ratesany noncontrolling interest in acquisitions of less than a 100% interest when the acquisition constitutes a change in control of the acquired entity.
Depreciation and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors, including the historical operating results, known trends, and market/economic conditions, that may affect the property.amortization
The values allocated to buildings and building improvements, land improvements, tenant improvements, and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basisbasis. For buildings and building improvements, we depreciate using the shorter of the term of the respective ground lease and upterms or their estimated useful lives, not to exceed 40 years for buildings and buildingyears. Land improvements anare depreciated over their estimated life of upuseful lives, not to exceed 20 years for landyears. Tenant improvements theare depreciated over their respective lease term for tenant improvements, and theterms or estimated useful life for equipment.lives, and equipment is depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or its estimated useful life. The values of acquired above- and below-market leasesthe right-of-use assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining terms of theeach related leases and recognized as either increases (for below-market leases) or decreases (for above-market leases) to rental revenue. The values of acquired above- and below-market ground leases are amortized over the terms of the related ground leases and recognized as either increases (for below-market ground leases) or decreases (for above-market ground leases) to rental operating expense.lease. The values of acquired in-place leases and associated favorable intangibles (i.e., acquired above-market leases) are classified in other assets in the accompanyingour consolidated balance sheets
12
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
and are amortized over the remaining terms of the related leases.leases as a reduction of income from rentals in our consolidated statements of operations. The values of unfavorable intangibles (i.e., acquired below-market leases) associated with acquired in-place leases are classified in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets and are amortized over the remaining terms of the related leases as an increase in income from rentals in our statements of operations.
Capitalized project costs
We capitalize project costs, including pre-construction costs, interest, property taxes, insurance, and other costs directly related and essential to the development, redevelopment, pre-construction, or construction of a project. Capitalization of development, redevelopment, pre-construction, and construction costs is required while activities are ongoing to prepare an asset for its intended use. Fluctuations in our development, redevelopment, pre-construction, and construction activities could result in significant changes to total expenses and net income. Costs incurred after a project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use are expensed as incurred. Should development, redevelopment, pre-construction, or construction activity cease, interest, property taxes, insurance, and certain other costs would no longer be eligible for capitalization and would be expensed as incurred. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.
Real estate sales
A property is classified as held for sale when all of the following criteria for a plan of sale have been met: (i) management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the property; (ii) the property is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to terms that are usual and customary; (iii) an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell have been initiated; (iv) the sale of the property is probable and is expected to be completed within one year; (v) the property is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and (vi) actions necessary to complete the plan of sale indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. Depreciation of assets ceases upon designation of a property as held for sale. For additional details, refer to Note 15 – “Assets classified as held for sale” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.
If the disposal of a property represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on our operations or financial results, such as (i) a major line of business, (ii) a major geographic area, (iii) a major equity method investment, or (iv) other major parts of an entity, then the operations of the property, including any interest expense directly attributable to it, are classified as discontinued operations in our consolidated statements of income,operations, and amounts for all prior periods presented are reclassified from continuing operations to discontinued operations. The disposal of an individual property generally will not represent a strategic shift and therefore will typically not meet the criteria for classification as a discontinued operation.
We recognize gains or losses on real estate sales in accordance with the accounting standard on the derecognition of nonfinancial assets arising from contracts with noncustomers. Our ordinary output activities consist of the leasing of space to our tenants in our operating properties, not the sales of real estate. Therefore, sales of real estate (in which we are the seller) qualify as contracts with noncustomers. In our transactions with noncustomers, we apply certain recognition and measurement principles consistent with our method of recognizing revenue arising from contracts with customers. Derecognition of the asset is based on the transfer of control. If a real estate sales contract includes our ongoing involvement with the property, then we evaluate each promised good or service under the contract to determine whether it represents a separate performance obligation, constitutes a guarantee, or prevents the transfer of control. If a good or service is considered a separate performance obligation, an allocated portion of the transaction price is recognized as revenue as we transfer the related good or service to the buyer.
The recognition of gain or loss on the sale of a partial interest also depends on whether we retain a controlling or noncontrolling interest in the property. If we retain a controlling interest in the property upon completion of the sale, we continue to reflect the asset at its book value, record a noncontrolling interest for the book value of the partial interest sold, and recognize additional paid-in capital for the difference between the consideration received and the partial interest at book value. Conversely, if we retain a noncontrolling interest upon completion of the sale of a partial interest of real estate, we recognize a gain or loss as if 100% of the asset were sold.
13
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Impairment of long-lived assets
Long-lived assets to be held and used, including our rental properties, CIP, land held for development, right-of-use assets related to operating leases in which we are the lessee, and intangibles, are individually evaluated for impairment when conditions exist that may indicate that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset to be held and used is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. ImpairmentTriggering events or impairment indicators or triggering events for long-lived assets to be held and used including our rental properties, CIP, land held for development, and intangibles, are assessed by project and include significant fluctuations in estimated net operating income, occupancy changes, significant near-term lease expirations, current and historical operating and/or cash flow losses, construction costs, estimated completion dates, rental rates, and other market factors. We assess the expected undiscounted cash flows based upon numerous factors, including, but not limited to, construction costs, available market information, current and historical operating results, known trends, current market/economic conditions that may affect the property,asset, and our assumptions about the use of the asset, including, if necessary, a probability-weighted approach if multiple outcomes are under consideration.
Upon determination that an impairment has occurred, a write-down is recognized to reduce the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated fair value. If an impairment losscharge is not required to be recognized, the recognition of depreciation or amortization is adjusted prospectively, as necessary, to reduce the carrying amount of the real estateasset to its estimated disposition value over the remaining period that the real estateasset is expected to be held and used. We may adjust depreciation of properties that are expected to be disposed of or redeveloped prior to the end of their useful lives.
We use the held for sale impairment model for our properties classified as held for sale. The held for sale, impairment modelwhich is different from the held and used impairment model. Under the held for sale impairment model, an impairment losscharge is recognized if the carrying amount of the long-lived asset classified as held for sale exceeds its fair value less cost to sell. Because of these two different models, it is possible for a long-lived asset previously classified as held and used to require the recognition of an impairment charge upon classification as held for sale.
International operations
In addition to operating properties in the U.S., we have operatingeight properties in Canada and one operating property in China. The functional currency for our subsidiaries operating in the U.S. is the U.S. dollar. The functional currencies for our foreign subsidiaries are the local currencies in each respective country. The assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect as of the financial statement date. Income statementRevenue and expense accounts of our foreign subsidiaries are translated using the weighted-average exchange rate for the periods presented. Gains or losses resulting from the translation are classified in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component of total equity.equity and are excluded from net income (loss).
Whenever a foreign investment meets the criteria for classification as held for sale, we evaluate the recoverability of the investment under the held for sale impairment model. We may recognize an impairment charge if the carrying amount of the investment exceeds its fair value less cost to sell. In determining an investment’s carrying amount, we consider its net book value and any cumulative unrealized cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment related to the investment.
The appropriate amounts of foreign exchange rate gains or losses classified in accumulated other comprehensive income will be(loss) are reclassified to net income only when realized upon the sale of our investment or upon the complete or substantially complete liquidation of our investment.
Investments
We hold equity investments in certain publicly traded companies and investments in certain privately held entities and limited partnerships primarily involved in the life science, agtech, and technology industries. AllAs a REIT, we generally limit our ownership of our equityeach individual entity’s voting stock to less than 10%. We evaluate each investment to determine whether we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over an investee. We evaluate investments in actively traded public companies are considered available-for-sale and are reflectedwhich our ownership is equal to or greater than 20%, but less than or equal to 50%, of an investee’s voting stock with a presumption that we have this ability. For our investments in limited partnerships that maintain specific ownership accounts, we presume that such ability exists when our ownership interest exceeds 3% to 5%. In addition to our ownership interest, we consider whether we have a board seat or whether we participate in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Fair value has been determined based uponpolicy-making process, among other criteria, to determine if we have the closing priceability to exert significant influence, but not control, over an investee. If we determine that we have such ability, we account for the investment under the equity method of accounting, as of each balance sheet date, with unrealized gains and losses shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income. The classification of each investment is determined at the time each investment is made, and such determination is reevaluated at each balance sheet date. The cost of each investment sold is determined by the specific identification method, with realized gains or losses classified in other income in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. described below.
14
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Investments in privately held entities are generally accounted for under the cost method when our interest in the entity is so minor that we have virtually no influence over the entity’s operating and financial policies. Certain investments in privately held entities require accounting under the equity method unless our interest in the entity is deemed to be so minor that we have virtually no influence over the entity’s operating and financial policies.
Under the equity method of accounting, we initially recognize our investment initially at cost and subsequently adjust the carrying amount of the investment to recognizefor our share of the earnings or losses ofreported by the investee, subsequent to the date ofdistributions received, and other-than-temporary impairments. For more information about our investment. Additionally, we generally limit our ownership percentage in the voting stock of each individual entity to less than 10%.
Investments that do not qualify for the equity method of accounting
For investees over which we determine that we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence or control, we account for each investment depending on whether it is an investment in a (i) publicly traded company, (ii) privately held entity that reports NAV per share, or (iii) privately held entity that does not report NAV per share, as described below.
Investments in publicly traded companies
Our investments in publicly traded companies are classified as investments with readily determinable fair values and are presented at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair value classified in investment income (loss) in our consolidated statements of operations. The fair values for our investments in publicly traded companies are determined based on sales prices or quotes available on securities exchanges.
Investments in privately held companies
Our investments in privately held entities without readily determinable fair values consist of (i) investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share and (ii) investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share. These investments are accounted for as follows:
Investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share
Investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share, such as our privately held investments in limited partnerships, are presented at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient, with changes in fair value recognized in net income. We use NAV per share reported by limited partnerships generally without adjustment, unless we are aware of information indicating that the NAV reported by a limited partnership does not accurately reflect the fair value of the investment at our reporting date.
Investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share
Investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share are accounted for using a measurement alternative, under which these investments are measured at cost, adjusted for observable price changes and impairments, with changes recognized in net income.
An observable price arises from an orderly transaction for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer, which is observed by an investor without expending undue cost and effort. Observable price changes result from, among other things, equity transactions of the same issuer executed during the reporting period, including subsequent equity offerings or other reported equity transactions related to the same issuer. To determine whether these transactions are indicative of an observable price change, we evaluate, among other factors, whether these transactions have similar rights and obligations, including voting rights, distribution preferences, and conversion rights to the investments we hold.
Impairment evaluation of equity method for other-than-temporary impairment. investments and investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share
We monitor each of ourequity method investments throughout the yearand investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share for new developments, including operating results, prospects and results of clinical trials, new product initiatives, new collaborative agreements, capital-raising events, and merger and acquisition activities. IndividualThese investments are evaluated on the basis of a qualitative assessment for indicators of impairment when by monitoring the presence of the following triggering events or impairment indicators:
(i)a significant deterioration in the earnings performance, credit rating, asset quality, or business prospects of the investee;
(ii)a significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment of the investee;
(iii)a significant adverse change in the general market condition, including the research and development of technology and products that the investee is bringing or attempting to bring to the market;
(iv)significant concerns about the investee’s ability to continue as a going concern; and/or
(v)a decision by investors to cease providing support or reduce their financial commitment to the investee.
If such indicators are present, we are required to estimate the investment’s fair value and immediately recognize an impairment charge in an amount equal to the investment’s carrying value in excess of its estimated fair value.
15
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Investment income/loss recognition and classification
We recognize both realized and unrealized gains and losses in our consolidated statements of operations, classified within investment income. Unrealized gains and losses represent:
(i)changes in conditions may indicatefair value for investments in publicly traded companies;
(ii)changes in NAV for investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share;
(iii)observable price changes for investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share; and
(iv)our share of unrealized gains or losses reported by our equity method investees.
Realized gains and losses on our investments represent the difference between proceeds received upon disposition of investments and their historical or adjusted cost basis. For our equity method investments, realized gains and losses represent our share of realized gains or losses reported by the investee. Impairments are realized losses, which result in an impairment exists. adjusted cost basis, and represent charges to reduce the carrying values of investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share and equity method investments, if impairments are deemed other than temporary, to their estimated fair value.
Revenues
The factorstable below provides details of our consolidated total revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from rentals: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues subject to the lease accounting standard: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | $ | 646,662 | $ | 538,880 | $ | 1,879,534 | $ | 1,515,396 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Direct financing and sales-type leases | 642 | 1,012 | 2,449 | 2,473 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues subject to the lease accounting standard | 647,304 | 539,892 | 1,881,983 | 1,517,869 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues subject to the revenue recognition accounting standard | 9,549 | 6,635 | 28,383 | 15,724 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from rentals | 656,853 | 546,527 | 1,910,366 | 1,533,593 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | 2,999 | 1,232 | 8,315 | 3,634 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 659,852 | $ | 547,759 | $ | 1,918,681 | $ | 1,537,227 | ||||||||||||||||||
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, revenues that we consider in making these assessments include, but are not limitedwere subject to market prices, market conditions, available financing, prospects for favorablethe lease accounting standard aggregated $647.3 million, or unfavorable clinical trial results, new product initiatives,98.1%, and new collaborative agreements. If an unrealized loss$1.9 billion, or 98.1%, respectively, of our total revenues. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, our total revenues also included $12.5 million, or 1.9%, and $36.7 million, or 1.9%, respectively, subject to other accounting guidance. Our other income consisted primarily of construction management fees and interest income earned during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. For a detailed discussion related to our revenue streams, refer to the “Lease accounting” and “Recognition of revenue arising from contracts with customers” sections within this Note 2 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.
Lease accounting
Definition and classification of a lease
When we enter into a contract or amend an available-for-sale equity securityexisting contract, we evaluate whether the contract meets the definition of a lease. To meet the definition of a lease, the contract must meet all three criteria:
(i)One party (lessor) must hold an identified asset;
(ii)The counterparty (lessee) must have the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset throughout the period of the contract; and
(iii)The counterparty (lessee) must have the right to direct the use of the identified asset throughout the period of the contract.
16
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
We classify our leases as either finance leases or operating leases if we are the lessee, or sales-type, direct financing, or operating leases if we are the lessor. We use the following criteria to determine if a lease is determineda finance lease (as a lessee) or sales-type or direct financing lease (as a lessor):
(i)Ownership is transferred from lessor to lessee by the end of the lease term;
(ii)An option to purchase is reasonably certain to be other-than-temporary, such unrealized lossexercised;
(iii)The lease term is reclassified from other comprehensive income into current earnings. For a cost method investment, if a decline infor the major part of the underlying asset’s remaining economic life;
(iv)The present value of lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of an investment below its carrying valuethe underlying asset; or
(v)The underlying asset is determinedspecialized and is expected to be other-than-temporary, such investment is written down to its estimated fair value withhave no alternative use at the end of the lease term.
If we meet any of the above criteria, we account for the lease as a charge to current earnings.finance, a sales-type, or a direct financing lease. If there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that might have an adverse effect on our cost method investments, we do not estimatemeet any of the investment’scriteria, we account for the lease as an operating lease.
A lease is accounted for as a sales-type lease if it is considered to transfer control of the underlying asset to the lessee. A lease is accounted for as a direct financing lease if risks and rewards are conveyed without the transfer of control, which is normally indicated by the existence of a residual value guarantee from an unrelated third party other than the lessee.
This classification will determine the method of recognition of the lease:
•For an operating lease, we recognize income from rentals if we are the lessor, or rental operations expense if we are the lessee, over the term of the lease on a straight-line basis.
•For a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease, we recognize the income from rentals, or for a finance lease, we recognize rental operations expense, over the term of the lease using the effective interest method.
•At inception of a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease, if we determine the fair value. Refervalue of the leased property is lower than its carrying amount, we recognize a selling loss immediately at lease commencement. If fair value exceeds the carrying amount of a lease, a gain is recognized at lease commencement on a sales-type lease. For a direct financing lease, a gain is deferred at lease commencement and amortized over the lease term.
Lessor accounting
Costs to Note 5 – “Investments”execute leases
We capitalize initial direct costs, which represent only incremental costs of a lease that would not have been incurred if the lease had not been obtained. Costs that we incur to these unaudited consolidated financial statementsnegotiate or arrange a lease, regardless of its outcome, such as for further information.fixed employee compensation, tax, or legal advice to negotiate lease terms, and other costs, are expensed as incurred.
We account for the revenue from our lease contracts by utilizing the single component accounting policy. This policy requires us to account for, by class of underlying asset, the lease component and nonlease component(s) associated with each lease as a single component if two criteria are met:
(i)The timing and pattern of transfer of the lease component and the nonlease component(s) are the same; and
(ii)The lease component would be classified as an operating lease if it were accounted for separately.
Lease components consist primarily of fixed rental payments, which represent scheduled rental amounts due under our leases, and contingent rental payments. Nonlease components consist primarily of tenant recoveries representing reimbursements of rental operating expenses under our triple net lease structure, including recoveries for utilities, repairs and maintenance, and common area expenses.
If the lease component is the predominant component, we account for all revenues under such lease as a single component in accordance with the lease accounting standard. Conversely, if the nonlease component is the predominant component, all revenues under such lease are accounted for in accordance with the revenue recognition accounting standard. Our operating leases qualify for the single component accounting, and the lease component in each of our leases is predominant. Therefore, we account for all revenues from our operating leases under the lease accounting standard and classify these revenues as income from rentals in our consolidated statements of operations.
We commence recognition of income from rentals related to the operating leases at the date the property is ready for its intended use by the tenant and the tenant recoveries
17
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Income from rentals related to variable payments attributable to the direct financing leaseincludes tenant recoveries and the estimated residual value of the property less unearned income. Over the lease term, the investment in the direct financing lease is reduced andcontingent rental income is recognized as rental revenue in our consolidated statements of income and produces a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the direct financing lease.
payments. Tenant recoveries, related to reimbursementincluding reimbursements of real estate taxes, insurance, utilities, repairs and maintenance, common area expenses, real estate taxes and insurance, and other operating expenses, are recognized as revenue in the period during which the applicable expenses are incurred and the tenant’s obligation to reimburse us arises. Income from rentals related to other variable payments is recognized when associated contingencies are removed.
For each lease for which we determine that collectibility of future lease payments is not probable, we cease the recognition of income from rentals on a straight-line basis, and other expenses recoverablelimit the recognition of income to the payments collected from tenants. Tenant receivablesthe lessee. We do not resume straight-line recognition of income from rentals for these leases until we determine that the collectibility of future payments related to these leases is probable. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized specific write-offs for leases aggregating $6.0 million and $6.9 million, respectively, for which we determined the collectibility was not probable. We also record a general allowance related to the deferred rent balances that at the portfolio level (not the individual level) are not expected to be collected within one year. We may maintain an allowance for estimated losses that may result from the inability of our tenants to make payments required under the terms ofin full through the lease term. During the three and for tenant recoveries due. If a tenant failsnine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded adjustments of $4.0 million and $9.5 million, respectively, to make contractual payments beyond anyincrease the general allowance we may recognize additional bad debt expense in future periods equal to the amount of uncollectible tenant receivables and deferred rent arising from the straight-lining of rent.balance. As of September 30, 2017,2022, our general allowance balance aggregated $16.3 million.
Direct financing and December 31, 2016, no allowancesales-type leases
Income from rentals related to our direct financing and sales-type leases is recognized over the lease term using the effective interest rate method. At lease commencement, we record an asset within other assets in our consolidated balance sheets, which represents our net investment in the lease. This initial net investment is determined by aggregating the present values of the total future lease payments attributable to the lease and the estimated residual value of the property, less any unearned income related to our direct financing lease. Over the lease term, the investment in the lease accretes in value, producing a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the lease. Income from these leases is classified in income from rentals in our consolidated statements of operations. Our net investment is reduced over time as lease payments are received.
We evaluate our net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases for uncollectible tenant receivablesimpairment under the current expected credit loss standard. For more information, refer to the “Allowance for credit losses” section within this Note 2 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.
On January 1, 2022, we adopted an accounting standard that requires a lessor to classify a lease with variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate as an operating lease on the commencement date of the lease if both of the following criteria are met:
(i)The lease would have been classified as a sales-type lease or direct financing lease under the current lease standard; and deferred rent
(ii)The sales-type lease or direct financing lease classification would have resulted in a selling loss at lease commencement.
Under this accounting standard, the lessor does not derecognize the underlying asset and does not recognize a loss upon lease commencement but continues to depreciate the underlying asset over its useful life. We elected a prospective application of this accounting standard to leases that commence or are modified on or after the date this standard was deemed necessary.adopted. Historically, substantially all our leases in which we are the lessor have been operating leases; therefore, the adoption of this accounting standard has not had and is not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Lessee accounting
We have operating lease agreements in which we are the lessee consisting of ground and office leases. At the lease commencement date (or at the acquisition date if the lease is acquired as part of a real estate acquisition), we are required to recognize a liability to account for our future obligations under these operating leases, and a corresponding right-of-use asset.
The lease liability is measured based on the present value of the future lease payments, including payments during the term under our extension options that we are reasonably certain to exercise. The present value of the future lease payments is calculated for each operating lease using each respective remaining lease term and a corresponding estimated incremental borrowing rate, which is the interest rate that we estimate we would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term for an amount equal to the lease payments. Subsequently, the lease liability is accreted by applying a discount rate established at the lease commencement date to the lease liability balance as of the beginning of the period and is reduced by the payments made during the period. We classify the operating lease liability in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.
18
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
The right-of-use asset is measured based on the corresponding lease liability, adjusted for initial direct leasing costs and any other consideration exchanged with the landlord prior to the commencement of the lease, as well as adjustments to reflect favorable or unfavorable terms of an acquired lease when compared with market terms at the time of acquisition. Subsequently, the right-of-use asset is amortized on a straight-line basis during the lease term. We classify the right-of-use asset in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets.
Recognition of revenue arising from contracts with customers
We recognize revenues associated with transactions arising from contracts with customers, excluding revenues subject to the lease accounting standard discussed in the “Lease accounting” section above, in accordance with the revenue recognition accounting standard. A customer is distinguished from a noncustomer by the nature of the goods or services that are transferred. Customers are provided with goods or services that are generated by a company’s ordinary output activities, whereas noncustomers are provided with nonfinancial assets that are outside of a company’s ordinary output activities.
We generally recognize revenue representing the transfer of goods and services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in the exchange. In order to determine the recognition of revenue from customer contracts, we use a five-step model to (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy the performance obligation.
We identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time, based on when control of goods and services transfers to a customer. We consider whether we control the goods or services prior to the transfer to the customer in order to determine whether we should account for the arrangement as a principal or agent. If we determine that we control the goods or services provided to the customer, then we are the principal to the transaction, and we recognize the gross amount of consideration expected in the exchange. If we simply arrange but do not control the goods or services being transferred to the customer, then we are considered to be an agent to the transaction, and we recognize the net amount of consideration we are entitled to retain in the exchange.
Total revenues subject to the revenue recognition accounting standard and classified within income from rentals in our consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 included $9.5 million and $28.4 million, respectively, primarily related to short-term parking revenues associated with long-term lease agreements. Short-term parking revenues do not qualify for the single component accounting policy, as discussed in the “Lessor accounting” subsection of the “Lease accounting” section within this Note 2, due to the difference in the timing and pattern of transfer of our parking service obligations and associated lease components within the same lease agreement. We recognize short-term parking revenues in accordance with the revenue recognition accounting standard when the service is provided and the performance obligation is satisfied, which normally occurs at a point in time.
Monitoring of tenant credit quality
During the term of each lease, we monitor the credit quality and any related material changes of our tenants by (i) monitoring the credit rating of tenants that are rated by a nationally recognized credit rating agency, (ii) reviewing financial statements of the tenants that are publicly available or that are required to be delivered to us pursuant to the applicable lease, (iii) monitoring news reports regarding our tenants and their respective businesses, and (iv) monitoring the timeliness of lease payments.
Allowance for credit losses
We have a research team consistingare required to estimate and recognize lifetime expected losses, rather than incurred losses, for most of employees who, among them, have doctorate, graduate,our financial assets measured at amortized cost and undergraduate degreescertain other instruments, including trade and other receivables (excluding receivables arising from operating leases), loans, held-to-maturity debt securities, net investments in biology, chemistry, industrial biotechnology,leases arising from sales-type and engineering,direct financing leases, and experienceoff-balance-sheet credit exposures (e.g., loan commitments). The recognition of such expected losses, even if the expected risk of credit loss is remote, typically results in earlier recognition of credit losses. An assessment of the collectibility of operating lease payments and the recognition of an adjustment to lease income based on this assessment is governed by the lease accounting standard discussed in the life science and technology industries, as well as in finance. Our research team is responsible for assessing and monitoring“Lease accounting” section earlier within this Note 2 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.
At each reporting date, we reassess our credit loss allowances on the credit qualityaggregate net investment of our tenantsdirect financing and any material changessales-type leases and our trade receivables. If necessary, we recognize a credit loss adjustment for our current estimate of expected credit losses, which is classified within rental operations in their credit quality.our consolidated statements of operations. For further details, refer to Note 5 – “Leases” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.
19
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Income taxes
We are organized and operate as a REIT pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). Under the Code, a REIT that distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its shareholdersstockholders annually (excluding net capital gains) and meets certain other conditions is not subject to federal income tax on its distributed taxable income, but could be subject to certain federal, foreign, state, and local taxes. We distribute 100% of our taxable income annually; therefore, a provision for federal income taxes is not required. In addition to our REIT returns, we file federal, foreign, state, and local tax returns for our subsidiaries. We file with jurisdictions located in the U.S., Canada, India, China, and other international locations. Our tax returns are subject to routine examination in various jurisdictions for the 2011–2016 through 2021 calendar years.
Employee and non-employee share-based payments
| Date of ASU Adoption | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | |||||||
| Revenues subject to the new lease ASU: | ||||||||
| Rental revenues | 1/1/19 | $ | 604,570 | |||||
Tenant recoveries (1) | 1/1/19 | 188,874 | ||||||
| $ | 793,444 | |||||||
| Revenues subject to the new revenue recognition ASU: | ||||||||
| Parking and other revenues | 1/1/18 | 32,323 | ||||||
| Revenues not subject to the new lease or revenue recognition ASUs: | ||||||||
| Investment income subject to the new financial instruments ASU | 1/1/18 | $ | 2,007 | |||||
| Interest and other income within the scope of other existing accounting standards | N/A | 1,532 | ||||||
| 3,539 | ||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 829,306 | ||||||
| Gains on sales of real estate subject to the new revenue recognition ASU | 1/1/18 | $ | 381 | |||||
Forward equity sales agreements
We have not completed our analysis of this ASU but expect that our tenant recoveries will be separated into lease and nonlease components. Tenant recoveries that qualify as lease components, which relate to the right to use the leased asset (e.g., property taxes, insurance), will be accounted for under the new lease ASU. Tenant recoveries that qualify as nonlease components, which relate to payments for goods or services that are transferred separately from the right to use the underlying asset, including tenant recoveries related to payments for maintenance activities and common area expenses, will be accounted for under the new revenue recognition ASU upon adoption of the new lease ASU on January 1, 2019.
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | |||
| Parking and other revenue | $ | 32,323 | |
| Gain on sales of real estate | $ | 381 | |
| Cost | Net Unrealized Gains | Total | |||||||||
| Available-for-sale equity securities | $ | 55,433 | $ | 45,189 | $ | 100,622 | |||||
| Investments accounted for under cost method: | |||||||||||
| Investments in limited partnerships | 136,044 | N/A | 136,044 | ||||||||
| Investments in other privately held entities | 248,596 | N/A | 248,596 | ||||||||
| Total investments | $ | 440,073 | $ | 45,189 | $ | 485,262 | |||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | |||
| Investment income recognized in net income | $ | 2,007 | |
| Unrealized gain recognized in other comprehensive income (component of stockholder’s equity) | $ | 23,414 | |
Generally, a parent entity must provide separate subsidiary issuer or guarantor financial statements, unless it qualifies for disclosure exceptions. A parent entity may be eligible for disclosure exceptions if it meets the following criteria:
•The subsidiary issuer or guarantor is a consolidated subsidiary of the parent company, and
•The subsidiary issues a registered security that qualify foris:
•Issued jointly and severally with the practical expedient to be measured at net asset value (NAV) in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, such as our other privately held investments in limited partnerships, are required to be measured using the reported NAV per shareparent company, or otherwise valued at fair value using other accepted valuation techniques. The aggregate NAV per share of our investments in limited partnerships exceeds our cost basis by approximately $71.8 million as of September 30, 2017. Under a proposed ASU issued recently
•Fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the FASB,parent company.
A parent entity that meets the cumulative difference between NAV and cost basis for these investments is expected to be recognized as a cumulative adjustment to our retained earnings on January 1, 2018. Subsequent changes in NAV per share will be recognized in earnings each reporting period. The year-to-date change in unrealized holding gains on other privately held investments in limited partnerships, aggregating approximately $16.2 million forabove criteria may instead present summarized financial information (“alternative disclosures”) either within the nine months ended September 30, 2017, would have been recognized in net income under this new ASU.
Distributions from equity method investments
We use the “nature of the distribution” approach to implement changes todetermine the classification within our accounting policies, business processes, and internal controls to support the new accounting and disclosure requirements. We expect to complete our assessment and implementation by December 31, 2017.
Restricted cash
Our consolidated investments in real estate, including real estate assets held for sale as described in Note 15 – “Assets classified as held for sale” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements, consisted of the following as of September 30, 2017,2022 and December 31, 20162021 (in thousands):
| September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | |||||||
| Land (related to rental properties) | $ | 1,206,152 | $ | 1,131,416 | ||||
| Buildings and building improvements | 8,466,889 | 7,810,269 | ||||||
| Other improvements | 714,834 | 584,565 | ||||||
| Rental properties | 10,387,875 | 9,526,250 | ||||||
| Development and redevelopment of new Class A properties: | ||||||||
| Undergoing construction | ||||||||
| Development projects – target delivery in 2017 | 466,047 | 809,254 | ||||||
| Development projects – target delivery in 2018 and 2019 | 143,038 | — | ||||||
| Redevelopment projects – target delivery in 2018 and 2019 | 59,224 | — | ||||||
| Near-term projects undergoing marketing and pre-construction | 114,954 | — | ||||||
| Intermediate-term developments projects | 333,870 | — | ||||||
| Future development projects | 289,314 | 253,551 | ||||||
| Gross investments in real estate | 11,794,322 | 10,589,055 | ||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | (1,785,115 | ) | (1,546,798 | ) | ||||
| Net investments in real estate – North America | 10,009,207 | 9,042,257 | ||||||
| Net investments in real estate – Asia | 37,314 | 35,715 | ||||||
| Investments in real estate | $ | 10,046,521 | $ | 9,077,972 | ||||
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Rental properties: | ||||||||||||||
| Land (related to rental properties) | $ | 4,156,888 | $ | 3,782,182 | ||||||||||
| Buildings and building improvements | 17,857,504 | 16,312,402 | ||||||||||||
| Other improvements | 2,537,926 | 2,109,884 | ||||||||||||
| Rental properties | 24,552,318 | 22,204,468 | ||||||||||||
| Development and redevelopment projects | 8,352,598 | 6,528,640 | ||||||||||||
| Gross investments in real estate – North America | 32,904,916 | 28,733,108 | ||||||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation – North America | (4,144,019) | (3,766,758) | ||||||||||||
| Net investments in real estate – North America | 28,760,897 | 24,966,350 | ||||||||||||
| Net investments in real estate – Asia | 10,848 | 14,319 | ||||||||||||
| Investments in real estate | $ | 28,771,745 | $ | 24,980,669 | ||||||||||
Acquisitions
Our real estate asset acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022 consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
| Square Footage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market | Number of Properties | Future Development | Operating With Future Development/Redevelopment | Operating | Purchase Price | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | 2 | 202,997 | 440,130 | — | $ | 205,792 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area | 5 | 610,000 | 723,953 | 70,000 | 564,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Diego | 2 | 537,000 | 8,730 | — | 125,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seattle | — | 869,000 | — | — | 87,608 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research Triangle | 4 | 1,925,000 | 69,485 | — | 179,428 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Texas | 9 | — | 998,099 | — | 400,400 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 7 | 473,994 | 428,097 | 381,760 | 278,489 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended March 31, 2022 | 29 | 4,617,991 | 2,668,494 | 451,760 | 1,840,717 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | 1 | — | 88,591 | — | 140,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 2 | 869,000 | 109,557 | — | 140,146 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended June 30, 2022 | 3 | 869,000 | 198,148 | — | 280,146 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | 1 | — | 104,500 | — | 170,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Diego | 3 | 750,000 | 226,144 | — | 106,380 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 3 | 302,000 | 108,478 | — | 40,349 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended September 30, 2022 | 7 | 1,052,000 | 439,122 | — | 316,729 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine months ended September 30, 2022 | 39 | 6,538,991 | 3,305,764 | 451,760 | $ | 2,437,592 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Square Footage | |||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | Operating | Redevelopment | Future Development | Purchase Price | |||||||||
| March 31, 2017 | 232,470 | — | 1,508,890 | $ | 218,500 | ||||||||
| June 30, 2017 | 272,634 | 175,000 | 1,030,000 | 244,009 | |||||||||
| September 30, 2017 | 168,424 | 104,212 | 280,000 | 110,700 | |||||||||
| 673,528 | 279,212 | 2,818,890 | $ | 573,209 | |||||||||
21
3. INVESTMENTS IN REAL ESTATE (continued)
Real estate assets acquired in October 2022
In October 2022, we completed the acquisition of two properties in our Austin submarket for an aggregate purchase price of $108.0 million received during the three months ended December 31, 2016,comprising 198,972 RSF of operating properties with future development and $68.6 million receivedredevelopment opportunities and 123,976 RSF of future value-creation opportunities.
Sales of real estate assets and impairment charges
Our completed dispositions of and sales of partial interests in real estate assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Remaining proceeds from our partner of $13.9 million are expected to be received primarily in the fourth quarter of 2017.
| Gain on Sale of Real Estate | Consideration in Excess of Book Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property | Submarket/Market | Date of Sale | Interest Sold | RSF | Sales Price | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended March 31, 2022: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100 Binney Street | Cambridge/Inner Suburbs/Greater Boston | 3/30/22 | 70 | % | 432,931 | $ | 713,228 | N/A | $ | 413,615 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended June 30, 2022: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 300 Third Street | Cambridge/Inner Suburbs/Greater Boston | 6/27/22 | 70 | % | 131,963 | 166,485 | N/A | 113,020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Park at 128, 285 Bear Hill Road, 111 and 130 Forbes Boulevard, and 20 Walkup Drive | Route 128 and Route 495/Greater Boston | 6/8/22 | 100 | % | 617,043 | 334,397 | $ | 202,325 | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 47,800 | 11,894 | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 548,682 | 214,219 | 113,020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended September 30, 2022: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1450 Owens Street | Mission Bay/San Francisco Bay Area | 7/1/22 | 20 | % | 191,000 | 25,039 | N/A | 10,083 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 341 and 343 Oyster Point Boulevard, 7000 Shoreline Court, and Shoreway Science Center | South San Francisco and Greater Stanford/San Francisco Bay Area | 9/15/22 | 100 | % | 330,379 | 383,635 | 223,127 | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3215 Merryfield Row | Torrey Pines/San Diego | 9/1/22 | 70 | % | 170,523 | 149,940 | N/A | 42,214 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summers Ridge Science Park | Sorrento Mesa/San Diego | 9/15/22 | 70 | % | 316,531 | 159,600 | N/A | 65,097 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7330 and 7360 Carroll Road | Sorrento Mesa/San Diego | 9/15/22 | 100 | % | 84,442 | 59,476 | 35,463 | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13112 Evening Creek Drive | Other/San Diego | 9/26/22 | 100 | % | 109,780 | 55,500 | 31,001 | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | Various | 127,196 | 34,108 | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 960,386 | 323,699 | 117,394 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine months ended September 30, 2022 | $ | 2,222,296 | (1) | $ | 537,918 | $ | 644,029 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents the aggregate contractual sales price of $150.0 million. Gross proceeds receivedour sales, which differs from our partner through September 30, 2017, were $137.3 million. Remaining proceeds of $12.7 million are expected to be received primarily in the fourth quarter of 2017.
During the net assets sold. Accordingly, the carrying amountthree and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we completed dispositions of our partner’s shareand sales of assets and liabilities is reported at historical cost basis.
•During the following Class A propertiesthree and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we completed our dispositions of real estate assets for sales prices aggregating $625.8 million and $1.0 billion, respectively, and recognized gains on sales of real estate aggregating $323.7 million and $537.9 million, respectively, within our consolidated statements of operations.
•In addition, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we completed sales of partial noncontrolling interests in real estate assets for considerations aggregating $334.6 million and $1.2 billion, respectively. These partial sales resulted in considerations in excess of book values aggregating $117.4 million and $644.0 million, respectively. We accounted for our partial interest sales as equity transactions, with the excess recognized in additional paid-in capital within our consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity, and no gain or loss recognized in earning since we continue to consolidate the resulting joint ventures. For more detail, refer to the “Formation of consolidated real estate joint ventures and sales of partial interests” section within Note 4 – “Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” to these consolidated financial statements.
Impairment charges
During the second quarter of 2021, we made an initial investment in a future development project aggregating over 600,000 RSF in one of our existing submarkets in California. Since our initial investment, the macroeconomic environment has deteriorated and negatively impacted the financial outlook for the project. During the third quarter of 2022, we decided not to proceed with this project and as a result recognized a $38.3 million impairment charge to write off our entire investment in the project, which is included in the impairment of real estate balance of $38.8 million within our consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
22
4. CONSOLIDATED AND UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE JOINT VENTURES
From time to time, we enter into joint venture agreements through which we own a partial interest in real estate entities that own, develop, and operate real estate properties. As of September 30, 2022, our real estate joint ventures with TIAA: (i) 30%held the following properties:
| Property | Market | Submarket | Our Ownership Interest(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated joint ventures(2): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 50 and 60 Binney Street | Greater Boston | Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 34.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 75/125 Binney Street | Greater Boston | Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 40.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100 and 225 Binney Street and 300 Third Street | Greater Boston | Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 30.0 | % | (3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 99 Coolidge Avenue | Greater Boston | Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 75.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Center® for Science and Technology – Mission Bay(4) | San Francisco Bay Area | Mission Bay | 25.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1450 Owens Street | San Francisco Bay Area | Mission Bay | 65.5 | % | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 601, 611, 651, 681, 685, and 701 Gateway Boulevard | San Francisco Bay Area | South San Francisco | 50.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 751 Gateway Boulevard | San Francisco Bay Area | South San Francisco | 51.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 213 East Grand Avenue | San Francisco Bay Area | South San Francisco | 30.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 500 Forbes Boulevard | San Francisco Bay Area | South San Francisco | 10.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Millbrae | San Francisco Bay Area | South San Francisco | 44.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3215 Merryfield Row | San Diego | Torrey Pines | 30.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Point(6) | San Diego | University Town Center | 55.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5200 Illumina Way | San Diego | University Town Center | 51.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9625 Towne Centre Drive | San Diego | University Town Center | 50.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
SD Tech by Alexandria(7) | San Diego | Sorrento Mesa | 50.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pacific Technology Park | San Diego | Sorrento Mesa | 50.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Summers Ridge Science Park(8) | San Diego | Sorrento Mesa | 30.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1201 and 1208 Eastlake Avenue East and 199 East Blaine Street | Seattle | Lake Union | 30.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 400 Dexter Avenue North | Seattle | Lake Union | 30.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 800 Mercer Street | Seattle | Lake Union | 60.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unconsolidated joint ventures(2): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1655 and 1725 Third Street | San Francisco Bay Area | Mission Bay | 10.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1401/1413 Research Boulevard | Maryland | Rockville | 65.0 | % | (9) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1450 Research Boulevard | Maryland | Rockville | 73.2 | % | (10) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101 West Dickman Street | Maryland | Beltsville | 57.9 | % | (10) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Refer to the table on the next page that shows the categorization of our joint ventures under the consolidation framework.
(2)In addition to the real estate joint ventures listed, various partners hold insignificant noncontrolling interests in 225 Binney Streetthree other consolidated joint ventures in our Cambridge submarket of Greater Boston, (ii) 50.1%North America and we hold an interest in 1500 Owens Street in our Mission Bay/SoMa submarket of San Francisco, (iii) 60% in 409 and 499 Illinois Street in our Mission Bay/SoMa submarket of San Francisco, and (iv) 55% in 10290 and 10300 Campus Point Drive in our University Town Center submarket of San Diego.
(3)225 Binney Street is owned through a tenancy in common arrangement. We directly own 26.316% of the managing membertenancy in common and earn a fee for continuing to manage the day-to-day operations of each property.
(4)Includes 409 and 499 Illinois Street, 1500 and 1700 Owens Street, and 455 Mission Bay Boulevard South.
(5)The noncontrolling interest share of our joint venture partner is anticipated to increase to 75% as our partner contributes capital for construction over time.
(6)Includes 10210, 10260, 10290, and 10300 Campus Point Drive and 4110, 4150, 4161, 4224, and 4242 Campus Point Court.
(7)Includes 9605, 9645, 9675, 9685, 9725, 9735, 9808, 9855, and 9868 Scranton Road and 10055 and 10065 Barnes Canyon Road.
(8)Includes 9965, 9975, 9985 and 9995 Summers Ridge Road.
(9)Represents our ownership interest; our voting interest is limited to 50%.
(10)Represents a joint venture with a local real estate operator in which our capacity as managing member,partner manages the day-to-day activities that significantly affect the economic performance of the joint venture.
Our consolidation policy is described under the “Consolidation” section in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements. Consolidation accounting is highly technical, but its framework is primarily based on the controlling financial interests and benefits of the joint ventures.
23
4. CONSOLIDATED AND UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE JOINT VENTURES (continued)
We generally consolidate a joint venture that is a legal entity that we control (i.e., we have the power to make decisionsdirect the activities of the joint venture that most significantly influence operationsaffect its economic performance) through contractual rights, regardless of our ownership interest, and where we determine that we have benefits through the allocation of earnings or losses and fees paid to us that could be significant to the joint venture (the “VIE model”).
We also generally consolidate joint ventures when we have a controlling financial interest through voting rights and where our voting interest is greater than 50% (the “voting model”). Voting interest differs from ownership interest for some joint ventures.
We account for joint ventures that do not meet the consolidation criteria under the equity method of accounting by recognizing our share of income and losses.
The table below shows the categorization of our joint ventures under the consolidation framework:
Property(1) | Consolidation Model | Voting Interest | Consolidation Analysis | Conclusion | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 50 and 60 Binney Street | VIE model | Not applicable under VIE model | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 75/125 Binney Street | We have: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100 and 225 Binney Street and 300 Third Street | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 99 Coolidge Avenue | (i) | The power to direct the activities of the joint venture that most significantly affect its economic performance; and | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Center® for Science and Technology – Mission Bay | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1450 Owens Street | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 601, 611, 651, 681, 685, and 701 Gateway Boulevard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 751 Gateway Boulevard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 213 East Grand Avenue | (ii) | Benefits that can be significant to the joint venture. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 500 Forbes Boulevard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Millbrae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3215 Merryfield Row | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Point | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5200 Illumina Way | Therefore, we are the primary beneficiary of each VIE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9625 Towne Centre Drive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SD Tech by Alexandria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pacific Technology Park | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summers Ridge Science Park | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1201 and 1208 Eastlake Avenue East and 199 East Blaine Street | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 400 Dexter Avenue North | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 800 Mercer Street | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1401/1413 Research Boulevard | We do not control the joint venture and are therefore not the primary beneficiary | Equity method of accounting | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1450 Research Boulevard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101 West Dickman Street | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1655 and 1725 Third Street | Voting model | Does not exceed 50% | Our voting interest is 50% or less | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)In addition to the real estate joint ventures listed, various partners hold insignificant noncontrolling interests in three other consolidated joint ventures in North America and we hold an interest in one other insignificant unconsolidated real estate joint venture in North America.
24
4. CONSOLIDATED AND UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE JOINT VENTURES (continued)
Formation of consolidated real estate joint ventures and sales of partial interests
In each of the joint ventures described below, we are contractually responsible for activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the joint ventures.venture. In addition, through our investmentjoint venture partner(s) in each of the following joint ventures lacks kick-out rights over our role as property manager. Therefore, we determined that our joint venture partner does not have a controlling financial interest, and consequently each joint venture we have the right to receive benefits and participate in losses that canshould be significant to the VIEs. Based on this evaluation, we concludedaccounted for as a VIE. We also determined that we are the primary beneficiary of each joint venture because we are responsible for activities that most significantly impact their economic performance, and therefore,also have the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, each joint venture that could potentially be significant to the joint venture. Accordingly, we consolidate each entity.joint venture under the variable interest model.
Refer to the “Consolidation” section in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information. For a summary of our completed dispositions and sales of partial interests in real estate assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, refer to the “Sales of real estate assets and impairment charges” section in Note 3 – “Investments in real estate” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.
800 Mercer Street
In March 2022, we formed a real estate joint venture with an institutional investor to acquire a land parcel aggregating 869,000 SF at 800 Mercer Street in our Lake Union submarket. We have a 60% ownership interest in the joint venture, and our share of the contractual purchase price aggregated $87.6 million. Upon completion of the transaction in March 2022, we determined that we had control over the newly formed real estate joint venture and therefore consolidated the real estate asset.
Sales of partial interests
Upon completion of the transactions described below, we determined that we had control over each of the newly formed real estate joint ventures and therefore continued to consolidate these properties. Accordingly, we accounted for these partial interest sales as equity transactions, with no gain or loss recognized in earnings.
100 Binney Street
In March 2022, we formed a real estate joint venture in our Cambridge/Inner Suburbs submarket by contributing our 100 Binney Street property and sold to our joint venture partner a 70% interest in the joint venture for an aggregate sales price of $713.2 million, or $2,353 per RSF, representing $413.6 million of consideration in excess of the book value of our 70% interest sold.
300 Third Street
In June 2022, we sold a 70% interest in our 300 Third Street property located in our Cambridge/Inner Suburbs submarket for an aggregate sales price of $166.5 million, or $1,802 per RSF, representing $113.0 million of consideration in excess of the book value of our 70% interest sold.
1450 Owens Street
In July 2022, we formed a real estate joint venture in our Mission Bay submarket by contributing a land parcel aggregating 191,000 SF at 1450 Owens Street with an aggregate fair market value of $125.2 million. Upon completion of the transaction, we received proceeds of $25.0 million from our joint venture partner for a noncontrolling interest share of 20%, which is anticipated to increase to 75% as our partner contributes capital for construction over time. The proceeds represent $10.1 million of consideration in excess of the book value of our 20% interest sold. As of September 30, 2022, the noncontrolling interest share of our joint venture partner was 34.5%.
3215 Merryfield Row
In September 2022, we formed a real estate joint venture in our Torrey Pines submarket by selling a 70% interest in our 3215 Merryfield Row property for an aggregate sales price of $149.9 million, or $1,256 per RSF, representing $42.2 million of consideration in excess of the book value of our 70% interest sold.
Summers Ridge Science Park
In September 2022, we sold a 70% interest in our Summers Ridge Science Park campus at 9965, 9975, 9985, and 9995 Summers Ridge Road located in our Sorrento Mesa submarket for an aggregate sales price of $159.6 million, or $720 per RSF, representing $65.1 million of consideration in excess of the book value of our 70% interest sold, and formed a new real estate joint venture with our institutional partner.
25
4. CONSOLIDATED AND UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE JOINT VENTURES (continued)
Consolidated VIEs’ balance sheet information
The following table below aggregates the balance sheet information of our consolidated VIEs as of September 30, 2017,2022 and
December 31, 20162021 (in thousands):
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Investments in real estate | $ | 6,581,901 | $ | 5,014,842 | ||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 253,426 | 181,074 | ||||||||||||
| Other assets | 678,889 | 509,281 | ||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 7,514,216 | $ | 5,705,197 | ||||||||||
| Secured notes payable | $ | 39,945 | $ | 7,991 | ||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 453,619 | 269,605 | ||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 493,564 | 277,596 | ||||||||||||
| Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s share of equity | 3,391,220 | 2,593,505 | ||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests’ share of equity | 3,629,432 | 2,834,096 | ||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 7,514,216 | $ | 5,705,197 | ||||||||||
| September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | |||||||
| Investments in real estate | $ | 979,698 | $ | 993,710 | ||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 29,665 | 27,498 | ||||||
| Other assets | 62,886 | 57,166 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 1,072,249 | $ | 1,078,374 | ||||
| Secured notes payable | $ | — | $ | — | ||||
| Other liabilities | 46,054 | 66,711 | ||||||
| Total liabilities | 46,054 | 66,711 | ||||||
| Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s share of equity | 541,293 | 538,069 | ||||||
| Noncontrolling interests’ share of equity | 484,902 | 473,594 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 1,072,249 | $ | 1,078,374 | ||||
In determining whether to aggregate the balance sheet information of our consolidated VIEs, we considered the similarity of each VIE, including the primary purpose of these entities to own, manage, operate, and lease real estate properties owned by the VIEs, and the similar nature of our involvement in each VIE as a managing member. Due to the similarity of the characteristics, among these VIE’s, we present the balance sheet information of these entities on an aggregated basis.
Unconsolidated real estate joint ventures
Our maximum exposure to our unconsolidated VIEs is limited to our investment in each VIE. Our investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures, accounted for under the equity method of accounting presented in our consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, consisted of the following (in thousands):
| Property | September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| 1655 and 1725 Third Street | $ | 12,990 | $ | 14,034 | ||||||||||
| 1450 Research Boulevard | 5,532 | 4,455 | ||||||||||||
| 101 West Dickman Street | 8,537 | 8,481 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 11,226 | 11,513 | ||||||||||||
| $ | 38,285 | $ | 38,483 | |||||||||||
The following table presents key terms related to our unconsolidated real estate joint ventures’ secured loans as of September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):
Interest Rate(1) | At 100% | Our Share | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unconsolidated Joint Venture | Maturity Date | Stated Rate | Aggregate Commitment | Debt Balance(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1401/1413 Research Boulevard | 12/23/24 | 2.70% | 3.32% | $ | 28,500 | $ | 28,079 | 65.0% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1655 and 1725 Third Street | 3/10/25 | 4.50% | 4.57% | 600,000 | 598,974 | 10.0% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101 West Dickman Street | 11/10/26 | SOFR+1.95% | (3) | 4.33% | 26,750 | 10,439 | 57.9% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1450 Research Boulevard | 12/10/26 | SOFR+1.95% | (3) | N/A | 13,000 | — | 73.2% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 668,250 | $ | 637,492 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Includes interest expense and amortization of loan fees.
(2)Represents outstanding principal, net of unamortized deferred financing costs, as of September 30, 2022.
(3)This loan is subject to a fixed SOFR floor rate of 0.75%.
26
5. LEASES
Refer to the “Lease accounting” section in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for information about lease accounting standards that set principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of leases for both parties to a lease agreement (i.e., lessees and lessors).
Leases in which we are the lessor
As of September 30, 2022, we had 431 properties aggregating 41.1 million operating RSF located in key clusters, including Greater Boston, the San Francisco Bay Area, New York City, San Diego, Seattle, Maryland, and Research Triangle. We focus on developing Class A properties in AAA innovation cluster locations, which we consider to be highly desirable for tenancy by life science, agtech, and technology entities. Such locations are generally characterized by high barriers to entry for new landlords, high barriers to exit for tenants, and a limited supply of available space. As of September 30, 2022, all leases in which we are the lessor were classified as operating leases, with the exception of one direct financing lease. Our leases are described below.
Operating leases
As of September 30, 2022, our 431 properties were subject to operating lease agreements. Two of these properties, representing two land parcels, are subject to lease agreements that each contain an option for the lessee to purchase the underlying asset from us at fair market value during each of the 30-day periods commencing on the dates that are 15 years, 30 years, and 74.5 years after the rent commencement date of October 1, 2017. The remaining lease term related to each of the two land parcels is 70.2 years. Our leases generally contain options to extend lease terms at prevailing market rates at the time of expiration. Certain operating leases contain early termination options that require advance notification and payment of a penalty, which in most cases is substantial enough to be deemed economically disadvantageous by a tenant to exercise. Future lease payments to be received under the terms of our operating lease agreements, excluding expense reimbursements, in effect as of September 30, 2022 are outlined in the table below (in thousands):
| Year | Amount | |||||||
| 2022 | $ | 413,509 | ||||||
| 2023 | 1,743,452 | |||||||
| 2024 | 1,831,621 | |||||||
| 2025 | 1,816,651 | |||||||
| 2026 | 1,771,008 | |||||||
| Thereafter | 13,261,005 | |||||||
| Total | $ | 20,837,246 | ||||||
Refer to Note 3 – “Investments in real estate” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information about our owned real estate assets, which are the underlying assets under our operating leases.
Direct financing and impairment chargessales-type leases
The components of our aggregate net investment in our direct financing and sales-type leases as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are summarized in the table below (in thousands):
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Gross investment in direct financing and sales-type leases | $ | 255,641 | $ | 403,388 | |||||||
| Add: estimated unguaranteed residual value of the underlying assets | — | 31,839 | |||||||||
| Less: unearned income on direct financing lease | (213,640) | (215,557) | |||||||||
| Less: effect of discounting on sales-type leases | — | (146,175) | |||||||||
| Less: allowance for credit losses | (2,839) | (2,839) | |||||||||
| Net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases | $ | 39,162 | $ | 70,656 | |||||||
In January 2017,May 2022, we completed the sale of a vacant propertyland at 6146 Nancy Ridge9609, 9613, and 9615 Medical Center Drive located in our Sorrento MesaRockville submarket, of San Diegowhich was subject to long-term sales-type leases, for a purchasethe sales price of $3.0$47.8 million and recognized a gain of $270 thousand.
| Maturity Date | Stated Rate | Interest Rate (1) | Debt Balance (2) | Outstanding Principal | Remaining Commitments | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| 9/1/22 | (3) | 3.32 | % | 3.62 | % | $ | 94,086 | $ | 95,000 | $ | — | $ | 95,000 | ||||||||||||
| 9/1/22 | (3) | L+1.85 | % | N/A | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 17,000 | $ | 17,000 | |||||||||||||
| September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
| Available-for-sale equity securities, cost basis | $ | 55,433 | $ | 41,392 | |||
| Unrealized gains | 50,104 | 25,076 | |||||
| Unrealized losses | (4,915 | ) | (5,783 | ) | |||
| Available-for-sale equity securities, at fair value | 100,622 | 60,685 | |||||
| Investments accounted for under cost method | 384,640 | 281,792 | |||||
| Total investments | $ | 485,262 | $ | 342,477 | |||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
| Investment gains | $ | 2,644 | $ | 8,115 | $ | 8,425 | $ | 28,721 | |||||||
| Investment losses | (1,599 | ) | (3,849 | ) | (6,418 | ) | (10,670 | ) | |||||||
| Investment income | $ | 1,045 | $ | 4,266 | $ | 2,007 | $ | 18,051 | |||||||
27
5. LEASES (continued)
As of September 30, 2022, our estimated credit loss related to one investment forour direct financing lease was $2.8 million. No adjustment to the estimated credit loss balance was required during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.2022. For further details, refer to the “Allowance for credit losses” section in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.
Future lease payments to be received under the terms of our direct financing lease as of September 30, 2022 are outlined in the table below (in thousands):
| Year | Total | |||||||
| 2022 | $ | 454 | ||||||
| 2023 | 1,863 | |||||||
| 2024 | 1,919 | |||||||
| 2025 | 1,976 | |||||||
| 2026 | 2,036 | |||||||
| Thereafter | 247,393 | |||||||
| Total | $ | 255,641 | ||||||
Income from rentals
Our total income from rentals includes revenue related to agreements for the rental of our real estate, which primarily includes revenues subject to the lease accounting standard and the revenue recognition accounting standard as shown below (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from rentals: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues subject to the lease accounting standard: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | $ | 646,662 | $ | 538,880 | $ | 1,879,534 | $ | 1,515,396 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Direct financing and sales-type leases | 642 | 1,012 | 2,449 | 2,473 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues subject to the lease accounting standard | 647,304 | 539,892 | 1,881,983 | 1,517,869 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues subject to the revenue recognition accounting standard | 9,549 | 6,635 | 28,383 | 15,724 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from rentals | $ | 656,853 | $ | 546,527 | $ | 1,910,366 | $ | 1,533,593 | ||||||||||||||||||
Our revenues that are subject to the revenue recognition accounting standard and are classified in income from rentals consist primarily of short-term parking revenues that are not considered lease revenues under the lease accounting standard. Refer to the “Revenues” and “Recognition of revenue arising from contracts with customers” sections in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Residual value risk management strategy
Our leases do not have guarantees of residual value on the underlying assets. We reclassified $0.0manage risk associated with the residual value of our leased assets by (i) evaluating each potential acquisition of real estate to determine whether it meets our business objective to invest primarily in high-demand markets with limited supply of available space, (ii) directly managing our leased properties, conducting frequent property inspections, proactively addressing potential maintenance issues before they arise, and timely resolving any occurring issues, and (iii) carefully selecting our tenants and monitoring their credit quality throughout their respective lease terms.
Leases in which we are the lessee
Operating lease agreements
We have operating lease agreements in which we are the lessee consisting of ground and office leases. Certain of these leases have options to extend or terminate the contract terms upon meeting certain criteria. There are no notable restrictions or covenants imposed by the leases, nor guarantees of residual value.
We recognize a right-of-use asset, which is classified within other assets in our consolidated balance sheets, and a related liability, which is classified within accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets, to account for our future obligations under ground and office lease arrangements in which we are the lessee. Refer to the “Lessee accounting” subsection of the “Lease accounting” section in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.
28
5. LEASES (continued)
As of September 30, 2022, the present value of the remaining contractual payments aggregating $910.8 million under our operating lease agreements, including our extension options that we are reasonably certain to exercise, was $409.0 million. Our corresponding operating lease right-of-use assets, adjusted for initial direct leasing costs and other consideration exchanged with the landlord prior to the commencement of the lease, aggregated $561.9 million. As of September 30, 2022, the weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases in which we are the lessee was approximately 42 years, and the weighted-average discount rate was 4.6%. The weighted-average discount rate is based on the incremental borrowing rate estimated for each lease, which is the interest rate that we estimate we would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term for an amount equal to the lease payments.
Ground lease obligations as of September 30, 2022, included leases for 40 of our properties, which accounted for approximately 9% of our total number of properties. Excluding one ground lease that expires in 2036 related to one operating property with a net book value of $6.4 million as of September 30, 2022, our ground lease obligations have remaining lease terms ranging from approximately 31 years to 99 years, including extension options which we are reasonably certain to exercise.
The reconciliation of future lease payments, under noncancelable operating ground and office leases in which we are the lessee, to the operating lease liability reflected in our unaudited consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2022 is presented in the table below (in thousands):
| Year | Total | |||||||
| 2022 | $ | 6,586 | ||||||
| 2023 | 24,073 | |||||||
| 2024 | 24,389 | |||||||
| 2025 | 24,475 | |||||||
| 2026 | 24,543 | |||||||
| Thereafter | 806,749 | |||||||
| Total future payments under our operating leases in which we are the lessee | 910,815 | |||||||
| Effect of discounting | (501,785) | |||||||
| Operating lease liability | $ | 409,030 | ||||||
Lessee operating costs
Operating lease costs relate to our ground and office leases in which we are the lessee. Ground leases generally require fixed annual rent payments and may also include escalation clauses and renewal options. Our operating lease obligations related to our office leases have remaining terms of up to 13 years, exclusive of extension options. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, our costs for operating leases in which we are the lessee were as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross operating lease costs | $ | 9,349 | $ | 7,055 | $ | 26,843 | $ | 20,580 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalized lease costs | (847) | (827) | (2,699) | (2,273) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses for operating leases in which we are the lessee | $ | 8,502 | $ | 6,228 | $ | 24,144 | $ | 18,307 | ||||||||||||||||||
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, amounts paid and classified as operating activities in our unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows for leases in which we are the lessee were $46.8 million and $18.0 million, respectively. The increase primarily relates to a $26.3 million payment made during the three months ended March 31, 2022 in connection with the execution of lease extensions at two properties in our Greater Stanford submarket.
29
6. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash consisted of the following as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 533,824 | $ | 361,348 | |||||||
| Restricted cash: | |||||||||||
| Funds held in trust under the terms of certain secured notes payable | — | 17,264 | |||||||||
| Funds held in escrow for real estate acquisitions | 329,448 | 30,000 | |||||||||
| Other | 2,896 | 6,615 | |||||||||
| 332,344 | 53,879 | ||||||||||
| Total | $ | 866,168 | $ | 415,227 | |||||||
7. INVESTMENTS
We hold investments in publicly traded companies and privately held entities primarily involved in the life science, agtech, and technology industries. As a REIT, we generally limit our ownership of each individual entity’s voting stock to less than 10%. We evaluate each investment to determine whether we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over an investee. We evaluate investments in which our ownership is equal to or greater than 20%, $(2.5)but less than or equal to 50%, of an investee’s voting stock with a presumption that we have this ability. For our investments in limited partnerships that maintain specific ownership accounts, we presume that such ability exists when our ownership interest exceeds 3% to 5%. In addition to our ownership interest, we consider whether we have a board seat or whether we participate in the policy-making process, among other criteria, to determine if we have the ability to exert significant influence, but not control, over an investee. If we determine that we have such ability, we account for the investment under the equity method of accounting, as described below.
Investments accounted for under the equity method
Under the equity method of accounting, we initially recognize our investment at cost and subsequently adjust the carrying amount of the investment for our share of earnings or losses reported by the investee, distributions received, and other-than-temporary impairments.
As of September 30, 2022, we had six investments in limited partnerships aggregating $56.4 million, $8.5 that maintain specific ownership accounts for each investor, which were accounted for under the equity method. Our ownership interest in each of these six investments was greater than 5%.
Investments that do not qualify for the equity method of accounting
For investees over which we determine that we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence or control, we account for each investment depending on whether it is an investment in a (i) publicly traded company, (ii) privately held entity that reports NAV per share, or (iii) privately held entity that does not report NAV per share, as described below.
Investments in publicly traded companies
Our investments in publicly traded companies are classified as investments with readily determinable fair values and are presented at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair value classified in investment income (loss) in our consolidated statements of operations. The fair values for our investments in publicly traded companies are determined based on sales prices or quotes available on securities exchanges.
Investments in privately held companies
Our investments in privately held entities without readily determinable fair values consist of (i) investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share and (ii) investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share. These investments are accounted for as follows:
Investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share
Investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share, such as our privately held investments in limited partnerships, are presented at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient, with changes in fair value recognized in net income. We use NAV per share reported by limited partnerships generally without adjustment, unless we are aware of information indicating that the NAV reported by a limited partnership does not accurately reflect the fair value of the investment at our reporting date.
30
7. INVESTMENTS (continued)
Investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share
Investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share are accounted for using a measurement alternative, under which these investments are measured at cost, adjusted for observable price changes and impairments, with changes recognized in net income.
An observable price arises from an orderly transaction for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer, which is observed by an investor without expending undue cost and effort. Observable price changes result from, among other things, equity transactions of the same issuer executed during the reporting period, including subsequent equity offerings or other reported equity transactions related to the same issuer. To determine whether these transactions are indicative of an observable price change, we evaluate, among other factors, whether these transactions have similar rights and obligations, including voting rights, distribution preferences, and conversion rights to the investments we hold.
Impairment evaluation of equity method investments and investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share
We monitor equity method investments and investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share for new developments, including operating results, prospects and results of clinical trials, new product initiatives, new collaborative agreements, capital-raising events, and merger and acquisition activities. These investments are evaluated on the basis of a qualitative assessment for indicators of impairment by monitoring the presence of the following triggering events or impairment indicators:
(i)a significant deterioration in the earnings performance, credit rating, asset quality, or business prospects of the investee;
(ii)a significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment of the investee;
(iii)a significant adverse change in the general market condition, including the research and development of technology and products that the investee is bringing or attempting to bring to the market;
(iv)significant concerns about the investee’s ability to continue as a going concern; and/or
(v)a decision by investors to cease providing support or reduce their financial commitment to the investee.
If such indicators are present, we are required to estimate the investment’s fair value and immediately recognize an impairment charge in an amount equal to the investment’s carrying value in excess of its estimated fair value.
Investment income/loss recognition and classification
We recognize both realized and unrealized gains and losses in our consolidated statements of operations, classified within investment income. Unrealized gains and losses represent:
(i)changes in fair value for investments in publicly traded companies;
(ii)changes in NAV for investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share;
(iii)observable price changes for investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share; and
(iv)our share of unrealized gains or losses reported by our equity method investees.
Realized gains and losses on our investments represent the difference between proceeds received upon disposition of investments and their historical or adjusted cost basis. For our equity method investments, realized gains and losses represent our share of realized gains or losses reported by the investee. Impairments are realized losses, which result in an adjusted cost basis, and represent charges to reduce the carrying values of investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share and equity method investments, if impairments are deemed other than temporary, to their estimated fair value.
Commitments on investments in privately held entities that report NAV
We are committed to funding approximately $384.1 million, for all investments in privately held entities that report NAV. Our funding commitments expire at various dates over the next 12 years, with a weighted-average expiration of 8.8 yearsas of September 30, 2022. These investments are not redeemable by us, but we may receive distributions from these investments throughout their terms. Our investments in privately held entities that report NAV generally have expected initial terms in excess of 10 years. The weighted-average remaining term during which these investments are expected to be liquidated was 5.6 years as of September 30, 2022.
31
7. INVESTMENTS (continued)
The following tables summarize our investments as of September 30, 2022 and $18.6December 31, 2021 (in thousands):
| September 30, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost | Unrealized Gains | Unrealized Losses | Carrying Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Publicly traded companies | $ | 220,787 | $ | 102,196 | $ | (99,441) | $ | 223,542 | |||||||||||||||
| Entities that report NAV | 438,087 | 331,477 | (6,297) | 763,267 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Entities that do not report NAV: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entities with observable price changes | 104,337 | 95,289 | (2,166) | 197,460 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Entities without observable price changes | 384,278 | — | — | 384,278 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investments accounted for under the equity method | N/A | N/A | N/A | 56,374 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments | $ | 1,147,489 | $ | 528,962 | $ | (107,904) | $ | 1,624,921 | |||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost | Unrealized Gains | Unrealized Losses | Carrying Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Publicly traded companies | $ | 203,290 | $ | 309,998 | $ | (29,471) | $ | 483,817 | |||||||||||||||
| Entities that report NAV | 385,692 | 446,586 | (2,414) | 829,864 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Entities that do not report NAV: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entities with observable price changes | 56,257 | 74,279 | (1,305) | 129,231 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Entities without observable price changes | 362,064 | — | — | 362,064 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investments accounted for under the equity method | N/A | N/A | N/A | 71,588 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments | $ | 1,007,303 | $ | 830,863 | $ | (33,190) | $ | 1,876,564 | |||||||||||||||
Cumulative gains and losses (realized and unrealized) on investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV still held as of September 30, 2022 aggregated to a gain of $39.0 million, which consisted of previously recorded unrealized gains/(losses) from accumulated other comprehensive income to netupward adjustments aggregating $95.3 million, downward adjustments aggregating $2.2 million, and impairments aggregating $54.2 million.
Our investment (loss) income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20172022 and 2021 consisted of the following (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized gains | $ | 24,210 | $ | 81,516 | $ | 75,971 | $ | 189,013 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized (losses) gains | (56,515) | (14,432) | (388,076) | 183,348 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment (loss) income | $ | (32,305) | $ | 67,084 | $ | (312,105) | $ | 372,361 | ||||||||||||||||||
During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively,2022, gains and losses on investments in conjunction withprivately held entities that do not report NAV still held as of September 30, 2022 aggregated to a gain of $1.8 million, which consisted of upward adjustments aggregating $25.2 million and downward adjustments and impairments aggregating $23.4 million.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, gains and losses on investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV still held as of September 30, 2021 aggregated to a loss of $28.0 million, which consisted of downward adjustments and impairments aggregating $57.9 million and upward adjustments aggregating $29.9 million.
Unrealized losses related to investments still held (excluding investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting) as of September 30, 2022 and 2021 aggregated to losses of $301.8 million and gains of $231.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Our investment losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 also included $2.8 million of equity in earnings of our dispositionsequity method investments.
Refer to the “Investments” section in Note 2 – “Summary of and impairment losses realized from available-for-sale securities.significant accounting policies” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.
8. OTHER ASSETS
The following table summarizes the components of other assets as of September 30, 2017,2022 and December 31, 20162021 (in thousands):
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Acquired in-place leases | $ | 638,024 | $ | 609,872 | |||||||
| Deferred compensation plan | 31,957 | 38,937 | |||||||||
| Deferred financing costs – unsecured senior line of credit | 33,692 | 19,294 | |||||||||
| Deposits | 30,007 | 176,077 | |||||||||
| Furniture, fixtures, and equipment | 23,493 | 26,429 | |||||||||
Net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases(1) | 39,162 | 70,656 | |||||||||
| Notes receivable | 18,029 | 13,088 | |||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use asset | 561,866 | 474,299 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 78,330 | 53,985 | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | 30,007 | 24,806 | |||||||||
| Property, plant, and equipment | 149,310 | 151,375 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,633,877 | $ | 1,658,818 | |||||||
| September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
| Acquired below-market ground leases | $ | 12,741 | $ | 12,913 | |||
| Acquired in-place leases | 66,188 | 63,408 | |||||
| Deferred compensation plan | 14,832 | 11,632 | |||||
Deferred financing costs – $1.65 billion unsecured senior line of credit | 11,453 | 14,239 | |||||
| Deposits | 3,592 | 3,302 | |||||
| Furniture, fixtures, and equipment | 11,443 | 12,839 | |||||
| Interest rate hedge assets | 3,733 | 4,115 | |||||
| Net investment in direct financing lease | 38,057 | 37,297 | |||||
| Notes receivable | 635 | 694 | |||||
| Prepaid expenses | 11,329 | 9,724 | |||||
| Property, plant, and equipment | 27,263 | 19,891 | |||||
| Other assets | 11,790 | 11,143 | |||||
| Total | $ | 213,056 | $ | 201,197 | |||
9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
| September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | |||||||
| Gross investment in direct financing lease | $ | 263,980 | $ | 264,954 | ||||
| Less: unearned income | (225,923 | ) | (227,657 | ) | ||||
| Net investment in direct financing lease | $ | 38,057 | $ | 37,297 | ||||
| Year | Total | |||
| 2017 | $ | 261 | ||
| 2018 | 1,607 | |||
| 2019 | 1,655 | |||
| 2020 | 1,705 | |||
| 2021 | 1,756 | |||
| Thereafter | 256,996 | |||
| Total | $ | 263,980 | ||
We provide fair value information about all financial instruments whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. We measure and disclose the estimated fair value of financial assets and liabilities by utilizing a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions. This hierarchy consists of three broad levels, as follows: (i) quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1), (ii) significant other observable inputs (Level 2), and (iii) significant unobservable inputs.inputs (Level 3). Significant other observable inputs can include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.curves. Significant unobservable inputs are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, since there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances in which the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
The following table sets forth the assets that we measure at fair value on a recurring basis by level in the fair value hierarchy (in thousands). There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. In addition, there were no transfers between the levelsof assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis to or from Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy during the nine months ended September 30, 20172022.
| Fair Value Measurement Using | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Total | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in publicly traded companies: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, 2022 | $ | 223,542 | $ | 223,542 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2021 | $ | 483,817 | $ | 483,817 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Our investments in publicly traded companies represent investments with readily determinable fair values, and 2016.are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value classified in investment income in our consolidated financial statements. We also hold investments in privately held entities, which consist of (i) investments that report NAV and (ii) investments that do not report NAV, as further described below.
33
9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (continued)
Our investments in privately held entities that report NAV, such as our privately held investments in limited partnerships, are carried at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient, with changes in fair value classified in net income. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the assetscarrying values of investments in privately held entities that report NAV aggregated $763.3 million and $829.9 million, respectively. These investments are excluded from the fair value hierarchy above as required by the fair value accounting standards. We estimate the fair value of each of our investments in limited partnerships based on the most recent NAV reported by each limited partnership. As a result, the determination of fair values of our investments in privately held entities that report NAV generally does not involve significant estimates, assumptions, or judgments.
Assets and liabilities that we measuremeasured at fair value on a recurringnonrecurring basis
The following table sets forth the assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2017,2022 and December 31, 20162021 (in thousands):. These investments were measured at various times during the period from January 1, 2018 to September 30, 2022.
| Fair Value Measurement Using | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Total | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, 2022 | $ | 212,413 | $ | — | $ | 197,460 | (1) | $ | 14,953 | (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2021 | $ | 138,011 | $ | — | $ | 129,231 | $ | 8,780 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||
| Description | Total | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets | Significant Other Observable Inputs | Significant Unobservable Inputs | ||||||||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale equity securities | $ | 100,622 | $ | 100,622 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||
| Interest rate hedge agreements | $ | 3,733 | $ | — | $ | 3,733 | $ | — | ||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate hedge agreements | $ | 583 | $ | — | $ | 583 | $ | — | ||||||||
(2)This amount is included in the $384.3 million balance of investments in privately held entities without observable price changes disclosed in Note 7 – “Investments” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements and represents the carrying amount of investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV for which impairments have been recognized in accordance with the measurement alternative guidance described within the “Investments” section in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.
| December 31, 2016 | ||||||||||||||||
| Description | Total | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets | Significant Other Observable Inputs | Significant Unobservable Inputs | ||||||||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale equity securities | $ | 60,685 | $ | 60,685 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||
| Interest rate hedge agreements | $ | 4,115 | $ | — | $ | 4,115 | $ | — | ||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate hedge agreements | $ | 3,587 | $ | — | $ | 3,587 | $ | — | ||||||||
Our investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV are measured at cost, adjusted for observable price changes and impairments, with changes recognized in net income. These investments are adjusted based on the observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Further adjustments are not made until another observable transaction occurs. Therefore, the determination of fair values of our investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV does not involve significant estimates and assumptions or subjective and complex judgments.
We also subject our investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV to a qualitative assessment for indicators of impairment. If indicators of impairment are present, we are required to estimate the investment’s fair value and immediately recognize an impairment charge in an amount equal to the investment’s carrying value in excess of its estimated fair value.
The estimates of fair value typically incorporate valuation techniques that include an income approach reflecting a discounted cash flow analysis, and a market approach that includes a comparative analysis of acquisition multiples and pricing multiples generated by market participants. In certain instances, we may use multiple valuation techniques for a particular investment and estimate its fair value based on an average of multiple valuation results.
Our real estate assets classified as held for sale are measured at fair value less cost to sell, with changes recognized in net income. We evaluate these assets utilizing an agreed-upon contractual sales price and available comparable market information. If this information is not available, we use estimated replacement costs or estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount and capitalization rates.
Refer to Note 4 – “Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures,” Note 7 – “Investments,” and Note 15 – “Assets classified as held for sale” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, tenant receivables, other assets,deposits, notes receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and tenant security depositsother short-term liabilities approximate their fair value. Our available-for-sale equity securities and our interest rate hedge agreements have been recognized at fair value. Refer to Note 5 – “Investments” and Note 9 – “Interest Rate Hedge Agreements” to these unaudited consolidated financial statements for further details.
The fair values of our secured notes payable, unsecured senior notes payable, $1.65 billionand the amounts outstanding on our unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loanscommercial paper program were estimated using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analyses using significant other observable inputs such as available market information on discount and borrowing rates with similar terms, maturities, and credit ratings. Because the valuations of our financial instruments are based on these types of estimates, the actual fair value of our financial instruments may differ materially if our estimates do not prove to be accurate. Additionally, the use of different market assumptions or estimation methods may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
34
9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (continued)
As of September 30, 2017,2022 and December 31, 2016,2021, the book and estimated fair values of our available-for-sale equity securities, interest rate hedge agreements, secured notes payable, unsecured senior notes payable, and amounts outstanding under our unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loanscommercial paper program, including the level within the fair value hierarchy for which the estimates were derived, were as follows (in thousands):
| September 30, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Book Value | Fair Value Hierarchy | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secured notes payable | $ | 40,594 | $ | — | $ | 42,611 | $ | — | $ | 42,611 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | $ | 10,098,588 | $ | — | $ | 8,226,370 | $ | — | $ | 8,226,370 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior line of credit | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper program | $ | 386,666 | $ | — | $ | 385,838 | $ | — | $ | 385,838 | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Book Value | Fair Value Hierarchy | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secured notes payable | $ | 205,198 | $ | — | $ | 214,097 | $ | — | $ | 214,097 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | $ | 8,316,678 | $ | — | $ | 8,995,913 | $ | — | $ | 8,995,913 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior line of credit | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper program | $ | 269,990 | $ | — | $ | 269,994 | $ | — | $ | 269,994 | |||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||||||||||
| Book Value | Fair Value | Book Value | Fair Value | ||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale equity securities | $ | 100,622 | $ | 100,622 | $ | 60,685 | $ | 60,685 | |||||||
| Interest rate hedge agreements | $ | 3,733 | $ | 3,733 | $ | 4,115 | $ | 4,115 | |||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||
| Interest rate hedge agreements | $ | 583 | $ | 583 | $ | 3,587 | $ | 3,587 | |||||||
| Secured notes payable | $ | 1,153,890 | $ | 1,156,769 | $ | 1,011,292 | $ | 1,016,782 | |||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | $ | 2,801,290 | $ | 2,943,568 | $ | 2,378,262 | $ | 2,431,470 | |||||||
| Unsecured senior line of credit | $ | 314,000 | $ | 313,993 | $ | 28,000 | $ | 27,998 | |||||||
| Unsecured senior bank term loans | $ | 547,860 | $ | 550,371 | $ | 746,471 | $ | 750,422 | |||||||
35
10. SECURED AND UNSECURED SENIOR DEBT
The following table summarizes our outstanding indebtedness and respective principal payments remaining as of September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):
| Stated Rate | Interest Rate(1) | Maturity Date(2) | Principal Payments Remaining for the Periods Ending December 31, | Unamortized (Deferred Financing Cost), (Discount)/ Premium | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | Thereafter | Principal | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secured notes payable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater Boston(3) | SOFR+2.70 | % | 5.34 | % | 11/19/26 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 41,438 | $ | — | $ | 41,438 | $ | (1,494) | $ | 39,944 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area | 6.50 | % | 6.50 | 7/1/36 | — | 30 | 32 | 34 | 36 | 518 | 650 | — | 650 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secured debt weighted-average interest rate/subtotal | 5.36 | — | 30 | 32 | 34 | 41,474 | 518 | 42,088 | (1,494) | 40,594 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unsecured senior line of credit and commercial paper program(4) | (4) | 3.48 | (4) | 1/22/28 | (4) | (4) | — | — | — | — | 386,815 | (4) | 386,815 | (149) | 386,666 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 3.45 | % | 3.62 | 4/30/25 | — | — | — | 600,000 | — | — | 600,000 | (2,280) | 597,720 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 4.30 | % | 4.50 | 1/15/26 | — | — | — | — | 300,000 | — | 300,000 | (1,628) | 298,372 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable – green bond | 3.80 | % | 3.96 | 4/15/26 | — | — | — | — | 350,000 | — | 350,000 | (1,752) | 348,248 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 3.95 | % | 4.13 | 1/15/27 | — | — | — | — | — | 350,000 | 350,000 | (2,199) | 347,801 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 3.95 | % | 4.07 | 1/15/28 | — | — | — | — | — | 425,000 | 425,000 | (2,257) | 422,743 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 4.50 | % | 4.60 | 7/30/29 | — | — | — | — | — | 300,000 | 300,000 | (1,524) | 298,476 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 2.75 | % | 2.87 | 12/15/29 | — | — | — | — | — | 400,000 | 400,000 | (2,981) | 397,019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 4.70 | % | 4.81 | 7/1/30 | — | — | — | — | — | 450,000 | 450,000 | (2,889) | 447,111 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 4.90 | % | 5.05 | 12/15/30 | — | — | — | — | — | 700,000 | 700,000 | (6,485) | 693,515 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 3.375 | % | 3.48 | 8/15/31 | — | — | — | — | — | 750,000 | 750,000 | (5,787) | 744,213 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable – green bond | 2.00 | % | 2.12 | 5/18/32 | — | — | — | — | — | 900,000 | 900,000 | (9,029) | 890,971 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 1.875 | % | 1.97 | 2/1/33 | — | — | — | — | — | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | (9,055) | 990,945 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable – green bond | 2.95 | % | 3.07 | 3/15/34 | — | — | — | — | — | 800,000 | 800,000 | (8,923) | 791,077 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 4.85 | % | 4.93 | 4/15/49 | — | — | — | — | — | 300,000 | 300,000 | (3,131) | 296,869 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 4.00 | % | 3.91 | 2/1/50 | — | — | — | — | — | 700,000 | 700,000 | 10,248 | 710,248 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 3.00 | % | 3.08 | 5/18/51 | — | — | — | — | — | 850,000 | 850,000 | (12,082) | 837,918 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 3.55 | % | 3.63 | 3/15/52 | — | — | — | — | — | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | (14,658) | 985,342 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured debt weighted-average interest rate/subtotal | 3.51 | — | — | — | 600,000 | 650,000 | 9,311,815 | 10,561,815 | (76,561) | 10,485,254 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average interest rate/total | 3.52 | % | $ | — | $ | 30 | $ | 32 | $ | 600,034 | $ | 691,474 | $ | 9,312,333 | $ | 10,603,903 | $ | (78,055) | $ | 10,525,848 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents the weighted-average interest rate as of the end of the applicable period, including amortization of loan fees, amortization of debt premiums (discounts), and other bank fees.
(2)Reflects any extension options that we control.
(3)Represents a secured construction loan held by our consolidated real estate joint venture at 99 Coolidge Avenue, of which we own a 75.0% interest. As of September 30, 2022, this joint venture has $153.9 million available under the existing lender commitments. The interest rate shall be reduced from SOFR+2.70% to SOFR+2.10% over time upon the completion of certain leasing, construction, and financial covenant milestones.
(4)Refer to “Sale“Amendment of Real Estate Assetsour unsecured senior line of credit” and Impairment Charges” in Note 3 – “Investments in Real Estate,” Note 5 – “Investments,” and Note 14 – “Assets Classified as Held for Sale” to these unaudited consolidated financial statements for further discussion.“$2.0 billion commercial paper program” on the next page.
36
10. SECURED AND UNSECURED SENIOR DEBT (continued)
The following table summarizes our secured and unsecured senior debt as of September 30, 2017 (dollars in thousands):
Fixed-Rate/Hedged Variable-Rate Debt | Unhedged Variable-Rate Debt | Weighted-Average | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest | Remaining Term (in years) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Percentage | Rate (1) | |||||||||||||||||
| Secured notes payable | $ | 902,207 | $ | 251,683 | $ | 1,153,890 | 24.0 | % | 3.80 | % | 2.8 | ||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 2,801,290 | — | 2,801,290 | 58.2 | 4.16 | 7.0 | |||||||||||||
| $1.65 billion unsecured senior line of credit | — | 314,000 | 314,000 | 6.5 | 2.00 | 4.1 | |||||||||||||
| 2019 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan | 199,543 | — | 199,543 | 4.1 | 2.84 | 1.3 | |||||||||||||
| 2021 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan | 348,317 | — | 348,317 | 7.2 | 2.56 | 3.3 | |||||||||||||
| Total/weighted average | $ | 4,251,357 | $ | 565,683 | $ | 4,817,040 | 100.0 | % | 3.76 | % | 5.3 | ||||||||
| Percentage of total debt | 88 | % | 12 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||||||
Stated Rate | Interest Rate (1) | Maturity | Unamortized (Deferred Financing Cost), (Discount)/Premium | ||||||||||||||||||
| Debt | Date (2) | Principal | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| Secured notes payable | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | L+1.35 | % | 2.99 | % | 8/23/18 | $ | 211,940 | $ | (660 | ) | $ | 211,280 | |||||||||
| Greater Boston | L+1.50 | % | 3.09 | 1/28/19 | (3) | 317,979 | (1,595 | ) | 316,384 | ||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | L+2.00 | % | 3.89 | 4/20/19 | (3) | 179,764 | (2,104 | ) | 177,660 | ||||||||||||
| Greater Boston, Seattle, and Maryland | 7.75 | % | 8.17 | 4/1/20 | 108,940 | (835 | ) | 108,105 | |||||||||||||
| San Diego | 4.66 | % | 5.03 | 1/1/23 | 35,370 | (345 | ) | 35,025 | |||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | 3.93 | % | 3.20 | 3/10/23 | 82,000 | 2,957 | 84,957 | ||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | 4.82 | % | 3.40 | 2/6/24 | 203,000 | 16,706 | 219,706 | ||||||||||||||
| San Francisco | 6.50 | % | 6.78 | 7/1/36 | 773 | — | 773 | ||||||||||||||
| Secured debt weighted-average interest rate/subtotal | 3.80 | % | 3.80 | 1,139,766 | 14,124 | 1,153,890 | |||||||||||||||
| 2019 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan | L+1.20 | % | 2.84 | 1/3/19 | 200,000 | (457 | ) | 199,543 | |||||||||||||
| 2021 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan | L+1.10 | % | 2.56 | 1/15/21 | 350,000 | (1,683 | ) | 348,317 | |||||||||||||
| $1.65 billion unsecured senior line of credit | L+1.00 | % | 2.00 | 10/29/21 | 314,000 | N/A | 314,000 | ||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 2.75 | % | 2.96 | 1/15/20 | 400,000 | (1,822 | ) | 398,178 | |||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 4.60 | % | 4.75 | 4/1/22 | 550,000 | (2,922 | ) | 547,078 | |||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 3.90 | % | 4.04 | 6/15/23 | 500,000 | (3,381 | ) | 496,619 | |||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 4.30 | % | 4.52 | 1/15/26 | 300,000 | (3,998 | ) | 296,002 | |||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 3.95 | % | 4.14 | 1/15/27 | 350,000 | (4,638 | ) | 345,362 | |||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 3.95 | % | 4.09 | 1/15/28 | 425,000 | (4,334 | ) | 420,666 | |||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 4.50 | % | 4.62 | 7/30/29 | 300,000 | (2,615 | ) | 297,385 | |||||||||||||
| Unsecured debt weighted average/subtotal | 3.75 | 3,689,000 | (25,850 | ) | 3,663,150 | ||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average interest rate/total | 3.76 | % | $ | 4,828,766 | $ | (11,726 | ) | $ | 4,817,040 | ||||||||||||
| Fixed-Rate Debt | Variable-Rate Debt | Weighted-Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | Remaining Term (in years) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Percentage | Rate(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secured notes payable | $ | 650 | $ | 39,944 | $ | 40,594 | 0.4 | % | 5.36 | % | 4.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 10,098,588 | — | 10,098,588 | 95.9 | 3.51 | 13.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior line of credit and commercial paper program | — | 386,666 | 386,666 | (2) | 3.7 | 3.48 | (2) | 5.3 | (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total/weighted average | $ | 10,099,238 | $ | 426,610 | $ | 10,525,848 | 100.0 | % | 3.52 | % | 13.2 | (3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of total debt | 95.9 | % | 4.1 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents the weighted-average interest rate as of the end of the applicable period, including expense/income related to the amortization of loan fees, amortization of debt premiums (discounts), and other bank fees.
(2)As of September 30, 2022, we had no outstanding balance on our unsecured senior bankline of credit. Our unsecured senior line of credit has aggregate commitments of $4.0 billion and bears an interest rate of SOFR plus 0.875%. In addition, the rate is subject to a sustainability adjustment of +/- four basis points based upon our ability to achieve certain annual sustainability targets. As of September 30, 2022, we had $386.7 million of commercial paper notes outstanding with a weighted-average interest rate of 3.48%.
(3)We calculate the weighted-average remaining term loansof our commercial paper notes by using the maturity date of our unsecured senior line of credit. Using the maturity date of our outstanding commercial paper, the consolidated weighted-average maturity of our debt is 13.0 years. The commercial paper notes sold during the three months ended September 30, 2022 were issued at a weighted-average yield to maturity of 2.69% and had a weighted-average maturity term of 13 days.
Unsecured senior notes payable
In February 2022, we opportunistically issued $1.8 billion of unsecured senior notes payable with a weighted-average interest rate of 3.28% and a weighted-average maturity of 22.0 years. The unsecured senior notes consisted of $800.0 million of 2.95% green unsecured senior notes due 2034 and $1.0 billion of 3.55% unsecured senior notes due 2052.
Amendment of our unsecured senior line of credit
On July 29, 2016,September 22, 2022, we amended our unsecured senior line of credit and completedthe key changes are summarized below:
| New Agreement | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commitments available for borrowing | $4.0 billion | Up $1.0 billion | ||||||||||||||||||
| Maturity date | January 22, 2028 | Extended by 2 years | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate | SOFR+0.875% | Converted to SOFR from LIBOR | ||||||||||||||||||
In addition, the interest rate under our amended unsecured senior line of credit is subject to upward or downward adjustments of up to four basis points based upon our ability to achieve certain annual sustainability targets. As of September 30, 2022, we had no outstanding balance on our unsecured senior line of credit.
$2.0 billion commercial paper program
In September 2022, we increased the aggregate amount we may issue from time to time under our commercial paper program to $2.0 billion from $1.5 billion. Our commercial paper program provides us with the ability to issue up to $2.0 billion of commercial paper notes that bear interest at short-term fixed rates with a partial principalmaturity of generally 30 days or less and with a maximum maturity of 397 days from the date of issuance. Our commercial paper program is backed by our unsecured senior line of credit, and at all times we expect to retain a minimum undrawn amount of borrowing capacity under our unsecured senior line of credit equal to any outstanding notes issued under our commercial paper program. We use the net proceeds from the issuances of the notes for general working capital and other general corporate purposes. General corporate purposes may include, but are not limited to, the repayment of $200 millionother debt and selective development, redevelopment, or acquisition of our 2019 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan reducing the totalproperties. As of September 30, 2022, we had an outstanding balance from $600of $386.7 million to $400under our commercial paper program with a weighted-average interest rate of 3.48%.
Extinguishment of secured notes payable
In April 2022, we repaid two secured notes payable aggregating $195.0 million due in 2024 with an effective interest rate of 3.40% and recognized an aggregatea loss on early extinguishment of debt of $3.2$3.3 million, related toincluding a prepayment penalty and the write-off of unamortized loan fees.
37
| Property/Market | Stated Rate | Maturity Date | Outstanding Principal Balance | Remaining Commitments | Aggregate Commitments | ||||||||||||||||
| 75/125 Binney Street/Greater Boston | L+1.35 | % | 8/23/18 | $ | 211,940 | $ | — | $ | 211,940 | ||||||||||||
| 50 and 60 Binney Street/Greater Boston | L+1.50 | % | 1/28/19 | (1) | 317,979 | 32,021 | 350,000 | ||||||||||||||
| 100 Binney Street/Greater Boston | L+2.00 | % | (2) | 4/20/19 | (3) | 179,764 | 124,517 | 304,281 | |||||||||||||
| $ | 709,683 | $ | 156,538 | $ | 866,221 | ||||||||||||||||
10. SECURED AND UNSECURED SENIOR DEBT (continued)
Interest expense
The following table summarizes interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20172022 and 20162021 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest incurred | $ | 96,173 | $ | 78,863 | $ | 275,835 | $ | 233,866 | |||||||||||||||
| Capitalized interest | (73,189) | (43,185) | (199,154) | (126,563) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | 22,984 | $ | 35,678 | $ | 76,681 | $ | 107,303 | |||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
| Gross interest | $ | 48,123 | $ | 40,753 | $ | 137,888 | $ | 116,520 | |||||||
| Capitalized interest | (17,092 | ) | (14,903 | ) | (45,325 | ) | (40,790 | ) | |||||||
| Interest expense | $ | 31,031 | $ | 25,850 | $ | 92,563 | $ | 75,730 | |||||||
| Interest Rate Hedge Type | Number of Contracts | Weighted-Average Interest Pay/ Cap Rate(1) | Fair Value as of 9/30/17 | Notional Amount in Effect as of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective Date | Maturity Date | 9/30/17 | 12/31/17 | 12/31/18 | 12/31/19 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Swap | March 31, 2017 | March 31, 2018 | 4 | 0.78% | $ | 692 | $ | 250,000 | $ | 250,000 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||
| Swap | March 31, 2017 | March 31, 2018 | 11 | 1.51% | (554 | ) | 650,000 | 650,000 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cap | July 29, 2016 | April 20, 2019 | 2 | 2.00% | 66 | 108,000 | 126,000 | 150,000 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Swap | March 29, 2018 | March 31, 2019 | 8 | 1.16% | 2,975 | — | — | 600,000 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Swap | March 29, 2019 | March 31, 2020 | 1 | 1.89% | (29 | ) | — | — | — | 100,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 3,150 | $ | 1,008,000 | $ | 1,026,000 | $ | 750,000 | $ | 100,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
11. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE, ACCRUED EXPENSES, AND OTHER LIABILITIES
The following table summarizes the components of accounts payable, accrued expenses, and tenant security depositsother liabilities as of September 30, 2017,2022 and December 31, 20162021 (in thousands):
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 458,760 | $ | 513,416 | |||||||
| Accrued construction | 606,413 | 438,866 | |||||||||
| Acquired below-market leases | 378,790 | 341,585 | |||||||||
| Conditional asset retirement obligations | 54,354 | 59,797 | |||||||||
| Deferred rent liabilities | 18,468 | 12,384 | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability | 409,030 | 434,745 | |||||||||
| Unearned rent and tenant security deposits | 373,937 | 326,924 | |||||||||
| Other liabilities | 94,012 | 82,693 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,393,764 | $ | 2,210,410 | |||||||
| September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 338,296 | $ | 366,174 | |||
| Acquired below-market leases | 92,388 | 59,509 | |||||
| Conditional asset retirement obligations | 7,457 | 3,095 | |||||
| Deferred rent liabilities | 27,747 | 34,426 | |||||
| Interest rate hedge liabilities | 583 | 3,587 | |||||
| Unearned rent and tenant security deposits | 240,501 | 231,416 | |||||
| Other liabilities | 33,098 | 33,464 | |||||
| Total | $ | 740,070 | $ | 731,671 | |||
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, our conditional asset retirement obligations liability primarily consisted of the soil and groundwater remediation liabilities associated with certain of our properties. Some of our properties may contain asbestos or may be subjected to other hazardous or toxic substances, which, under certain conditions, requires remediation. Although we believe that theWe engage independent environmental consultants to conduct Phase I or similar environmental assessments at our properties. This type of assessment generally includes a site inspection, interviews, and a public records review; asbestos, is appropriately contained in accordance with environmental regulations, our practice is to remediate the asbestos upon the development or redevelopment of the affected property.lead-based paint, and mold surveys; subsurface sampling; and other testing. We recognize a liability for the fair value of a conditional asset retirement obligation (including asbestos) when the fair value of the liability can be reasonably estimated. For certain properties we do not recognize an asset retirement obligation when there is an indeterminate settlement date for the obligation because the period in which weIn addition, environmental laws and regulations subject our tenants, and potentially us, to liability that may remediate the obligation may not be estimated with any levelresult from our tenants’ routine handling of precision to provide for a meaningful estimatehazardous substances and wastes as part of the retirement obligation.their operations at our properties. These conditional asset retirement obligations are included in the table above.
38
12. EARNINGS PER SHARE
From time to time, we enter into forward equity sales agreements, at a public offering price of $108.55 per share, less issuance costs and underwriters’ discount. We issued the initial 2.1 million shares at closingwhich are discussed in March 2017 for net proceeds, after underwriters’ discount and issuance costs, of $217.8 million and expect to settle the forward equity sales agreements on the remaining 4.8 million shares of common stock no later than March 2018, for net proceeds of $495.5 million, after underwriters’ discount and issuance costs, with further adjustments as provided for in the sales agreements.
We account for unvested restricted stock awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends as participating securities and include these securities in the computation of EPS using the two-class method. Our Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and forward equity sales agreements are not participating securities and are therefore are not included in the computation of EPS using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, we allocate net income after preferred stock dividends, preferred stock redemption charge, and(after amounts attributable to noncontrolling interestsinterests) to common stockstockholders and unvested restricted stock awards by using the weighted-average shares of each class outstanding for quarter-to-date and year-to-date periods independently, based on their respective participation rights to dividends declared (or accumulated) and undistributed earnings.
The table below is a reconciliation ofreconciles the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS computations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20172022 and 20162021 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 383,443 | $ | 124,433 | $ | 575,433 | $ | 554,486 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (38,747) | (21,286) | (108,092) | (58,134) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to unvested restricted stock awards | (3,257) | (1,883) | (5,866) | (5,750) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Numerator for basic and diluted EPS – net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders | $ | 341,439 | $ | 101,264 | $ | 461,475 | $ | 490,602 | |||||||||||||||
| Denominator for basic EPS – weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding | 161,554 | 150,854 | 160,400 | 144,716 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Dilutive effect of forward equity sales agreements | — | 707 | — | 437 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Denominator for diluted EPS – weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding | 161,554 | 151,561 | 160,400 | 145,153 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 2.11 | $ | 0.67 | $ | 2.88 | $ | 3.39 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 2.11 | $ | 0.67 | $ | 2.88 | $ | 3.38 | |||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 59,546 | $ | 28,559 | $ | 148,597 | $ | (69,591 | ) | ||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (5,773 | ) | (4,084 | ) | (18,892 | ) | (11,614 | ) | |||||||
| Dividends on preferred stock | (1,302 | ) | (5,007 | ) | (6,364 | ) | (16,388 | ) | |||||||
| Preferred stock redemption charge | — | (13,095 | ) | (11,279 | ) | (25,614 | ) | ||||||||
| Net income attributable to unvested restricted stock awards | (1,198 | ) | (921 | ) | (3,498 | ) | (2,807 | ) | |||||||
| Numerator for basic and diluted EPS – net income (loss) attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders | $ | 51,273 | $ | 5,452 | $ | 108,564 | $ | (126,014 | ) | ||||||
| Denominator for basic EPS – weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding | 92,598 | 76,651 | 90,336 | 74,526 | |||||||||||
| Dilutive effect of forward equity sales agreements | 698 | 751 | 430 | — | |||||||||||
| Denominator for diluted EPS – adjusted – weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding | 93,296 | 77,402 | 90,766 | 74,526 | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – basic and diluted | $ | 0.55 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 1.20 | $ | (1.69 | ) | ||||||
39
Common equity transactions
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, our common stock offering programequity transactions included the following:
•In October 2016,January 2022, we established an ATM common stock offering program that allowed usentered into new forward equity sales agreements aggregating $1.7 billion to sell up to an aggregate of $600.08.1 million shares of our common stock. Duringstock (including the six months ended June 30, 2017,exercise of an underwriters’ option) at a public offering price of $210.00 per share, before underwriting discounts and commissions.
•In March 2022, we completed our ATM program with the salesettled a portion of 2.1these forward equity sales agreements by issuing 3.2 million shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $245.8 million, or $118.97 per share, and received net proceeds of approximately $241.8$648.2 million. There is no remaining availability under this ATM program.
•In September 2022, we settled a portion of our outstanding forward equity agreements by issuing 1.0 million shares and received net proceeds of $199.7 million.
•In August 2017,December 2021, we establishedentered into a new ATM common stock offering program, thatwhich allows us to sell up to an aggregate of $750.0 million$1.0 billion of our common stock. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, we sold an aggregate of 2.1
•We entered into new forward equity sales agreements aggregating $753.4 million to sell 4.2 million shares under our ATM program at an average price of common stock for gross proceeds of $249.9 million, or $119.94$179.36 per share and received net proceeds of $245.8 million. (before underwriting discounts).
•As of September 30, 2017,2022, the remaining aggregate amount available under our currentATM program for future sales of common stock is $500.1was $246.6 million.
Dividends
During the three months ended September 30, 2017, we did not repurchase any additional outstanding shares of our Series D Convertible Preferred Stock.
During the three months ended June 30, 2022, we declared cash dividends on our common stock aggregating $192.6 million, or $1.18 per share. In July 2022, we paid the cash dividends on our common stock declared for the three months ended June 30, 2022.
During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we declared cash dividends on our common stock aggregating $193.6 million, or $1.18 per share. In October 2022, we paid the cash dividends on our common stock declared for the three months ended September 30, 2017.2022.
The change in accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders during the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022 was entirely due to net unrealized losses of $17.4 million on foreign currency translation related to our declared cash dividends on our common stock aggregated $238.4 million, or $2.55 per share, our declared cash dividends on our Series D Convertible Preferred Stock aggregated $3.9 million, or $1.3125 per share,operations in Canada and our declared cash dividends on our Series E Redeemable Preferred Stock aggregated $2.1 million, or $0.4031 per share. All outstanding shares of our Series E Redeemable Preferred Stock were redeemed on April 14, 2017.China.
| Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on: | ||||||||||||||||
| Available-for- Sale Equity Securities | Interest Rate Hedge Agreements | Foreign Currency Translation | Total | |||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2016 | $ | 19,293 | $ | 405 | $ | (14,343 | ) | $ | 5,355 | |||||||
| Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | 23,414 | 812 | 7,592 | 31,818 | ||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from other comprehensive income | 2,482 | 1,810 | 2,421 | 6,713 | ||||||||||||
| 25,896 | 2,622 | 10,013 | 38,531 | |||||||||||||
| Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests | — | — | (22 | ) | (22 | ) | ||||||||||
| Net other comprehensive income | 25,896 | 2,622 | 9,991 | 38,509 | ||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2017 | $ | 45,189 | $ | 3,027 | $ | (4,352 | ) | $ | 43,864 | |||||||
Common stock, preferred stock, and excess stock authorizations
In May 2017,2022, our stockholders approved an amendment to our charter to increase the authorized number of shares of common stock from 100.0200.0 million to 200.0400.0 million, shares, of which 94.3162.6 million shares were issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2017.2022. Our charter also authorizes the issuance of up to 100.0 million shares of preferred stock, none of which 3.0 million shares were issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2017.2022. In addition, 200.0 million shares of “excess stock” (as defined in our charter) are authorized, none of which were issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2017.2022.
14. NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
Noncontrolling interests represent the third-party interests in certain entities in which we have a controlling interest. These entities owned nine projects63 properties as of September 30, 2017,2022 and are included in our consolidated financial statements. Noncontrolling interests are adjusted for additional contributions and distributions, the proportionate share of the net earnings or losses, and other comprehensive income or loss. Distributions, profits, and losses related to these entities are allocated in accordance with the respective operating agreements.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022 and 2021, we distributed $139.5 million and $81.9 million, respectively, to our consolidated joint ventures distributed $17.4 million to ourreal estate joint venture partners. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, our distributions to noncontrolling interests aggregated $62.6 million, which primarily consisted of the second installment of $54.0 million paid to acquire the previously outstanding 10% noncontrolling interest in our 1.2 million RSF campus at Alexandria Technology Square® in our Cambridge submarket of Greater Boston. The total purchase price was $108.3 million, and the first installment of $54.3 million was paid on April 1, 2015.
Certain of our noncontrolling interests have the right to require us to redeem their ownership interests in the respective entities. We classify these ownership interests in the entities as redeemable noncontrolling interests outside of total equity in the accompanying unauditedour consolidated balance sheets. Redeemable noncontrolling interests are adjusted for additional contributions and distributions, the proportionate share of the net earnings or losses, and other comprehensive income or loss. If the amount of a redeemable noncontrolling interest is less than the maximum redemption value at the balance sheet date, such amount is adjusted to the maximum redemption value. Subsequent declines in the redemption value are recognized only to the extent that previous increases have been recognized.
Refer to the “Formation of consolidated real estate joint ventures and sales of partial interests” section in Note 4 – “Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.
15. ASSETS CLASSIFIED AS HELD FOR SALE
As of September 30, 2017, two operating properties2022, we had one property aggregating 634,328334,144 RSF located in China, which represent our remaining real estate investments in Asia, werethat was classified as held for sale. For additional information, refer to Note 3 – “Investmentssale in Real Estate” to these unauditedour consolidated financial statements.
The disposal of properties classified as held for sale does not represent a strategic shift and therefore does not meet the criteria for classification as a discontinued operation. We cease depreciation of our properties upon their classification as held for sale. Refer to the “Real estate sales” subsection of the “Investments in real estate” section within Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” for additional information.
The following is a summary of net assets as of September 30, 2017,2022 and December 31, 2016,2021 for our remaining real estate investments in Asia that were classified as held for sale as of each respective date (in thousands):
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 14,169 | $ | 17,749 | |||||||
| Total liabilities | (1,179) | (1,083) | |||||||||
| Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 1,839 | (1,750) | |||||||||
| Net assets classified as held for sale | $ | 14,829 | $ | 14,916 | |||||||
16. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
| September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 41,658 | $ | 39,643 | |||
| Total liabilities | (2,480 | ) | (2,342 | ) | |||
| Total accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss | (1,082 | ) | 828 | ||||
| Net assets classified as held for sale – Asia | $ | 38,096 | $ | 38,129 | |||
Real estate assets acquired in October 2022
41
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (Issuer) | Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P. (Guarantor Subsidiary) | Combined Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in real estate | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 10,046,521 | $ | — | $ | 10,046,521 | |||||||||
| Investments in unconsolidated real estate JVs | — | — | 33,692 | — | 33,692 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 37,916 | — | 80,646 | — | 118,562 | ||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | 138 | — | 27,575 | — | 27,713 | ||||||||||||||
| Tenant receivables | — | — | 9,899 | — | 9,899 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred rent | — | — | 402,353 | — | 402,353 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred leasing costs | — | — | 208,265 | — | 208,265 | ||||||||||||||
| Investments | — | 1,689 | 483,573 | — | 485,262 | ||||||||||||||
| Investments in and advances to affiliates | 9,158,536 | 8,276,072 | 168,449 | (17,603,057 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Other assets | 48,095 | — | 164,961 | — | 213,056 | ||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 9,244,685 | $ | 8,277,761 | $ | 11,625,934 | $ | (17,603,057 | ) | $ | 11,545,323 | ||||||||
| Liabilities, Noncontrolling Interests, and Equity | |||||||||||||||||||
| Secured notes payable | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,153,890 | $ | — | $ | 1,153,890 | |||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 2,801,290 | — | — | — | 2,801,290 | ||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior line of credit | 314,000 | — | — | — | 314,000 | ||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior bank term loans | 547,860 | — | — | — | 547,860 | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and tenant security deposits | 91,163 | — | 648,907 | — | 740,070 | ||||||||||||||
| Dividends payable | 83,402 | — | — | — | 83,402 | ||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 3,837,715 | — | 1,802,797 | — | 5,640,512 | ||||||||||||||
| Redeemable noncontrolling interests | — | — | 11,418 | — | 11,418 | ||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders’ equity | 5,406,970 | 8,277,761 | 9,325,296 | (17,603,057 | ) | 5,406,970 | |||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | — | — | 486,423 | — | 486,423 | ||||||||||||||
| Total equity | 5,406,970 | 8,277,761 | 9,811,719 | (17,603,057 | ) | 5,893,393 | |||||||||||||
| Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests, and equity | $ | 9,244,685 | $ | 8,277,761 | $ | 11,625,934 | $ | (17,603,057 | ) | $ | 11,545,323 | ||||||||
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (Issuer) | Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P. (Guarantor Subsidiary) | Combined Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in real estate | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 9,077,972 | $ | — | $ | 9,077,972 | |||||||||
| Investments in unconsolidated real estate JVs | — | — | 50,221 | — | 50,221 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 30,603 | — | 94,429 | — | 125,032 | ||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | 102 | — | 16,232 | — | 16,334 | ||||||||||||||
| Tenant receivables | — | — | 9,744 | — | 9,744 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred rent | — | — | 335,974 | — | 335,974 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred leasing costs | — | — | 195,937 | — | 195,937 | ||||||||||||||
| Investments | — | 4,440 | 338,037 | — | 342,477 | ||||||||||||||
| Investments in and advances to affiliates | 8,152,965 | 7,444,919 | 151,594 | (15,749,478 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Other assets | 45,646 | — | 155,551 | — | 201,197 | ||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 8,229,316 | $ | 7,449,359 | $ | 10,425,691 | $ | (15,749,478 | ) | $ | 10,354,888 | ||||||||
| Liabilities, Noncontrolling Interests, and Equity | |||||||||||||||||||
| Secured notes payable | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,011,292 | $ | — | $ | 1,011,292 | |||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 2,378,262 | — | — | — | 2,378,262 | ||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior line of credit | 28,000 | — | — | — | 28,000 | ||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior bank term loans | 746,471 | — | — | — | 746,471 | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and tenant security deposits | 104,044 | — | 627,627 | — | 731,671 | ||||||||||||||
| Dividends payable | 76,743 | — | 171 | — | 76,914 | ||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 3,333,520 | — | 1,639,090 | — | 4,972,610 | ||||||||||||||
| Redeemable noncontrolling interests | — | — | 11,307 | — | 11,307 | ||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders’ equity | 4,895,796 | 7,449,359 | 8,300,119 | (15,749,478 | ) | 4,895,796 | |||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | — | — | 475,175 | — | 475,175 | ||||||||||||||
| Total equity | 4,895,796 | 7,449,359 | 8,775,294 | (15,749,478 | ) | 5,370,971 | |||||||||||||
| Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests, and equity | $ | 8,229,316 | $ | 7,449,359 | $ | 10,425,691 | $ | (15,749,478 | ) | $ | 10,354,888 | ||||||||
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (Issuer) | Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P. (Guarantor Subsidiary) | Combined Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rental | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 216,021 | $ | — | $ | 216,021 | |||||||||
| Tenant recoveries | — | — | 67,058 | — | 67,058 | ||||||||||||||
| Other income | 3,230 | (2,589 | ) | 5,736 | (4,086 | ) | 2,291 | ||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 3,230 | (2,589 | ) | 288,815 | (4,086 | ) | 285,370 | ||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rental operations | — | — | 83,469 | — | 83,469 | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 16,598 | — | 5,124 | (4,086 | ) | 17,636 | |||||||||||||
| Interest | 23,958 | — | 7,073 | — | 31,031 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 1,787 | — | 106,001 | — | 107,788 | ||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 42,343 | — | 201,667 | (4,086 | ) | 239,924 | |||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate JVs | — | — | 14,100 | — | 14,100 | ||||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings of affiliates | 92,886 | 88,900 | 1,702 | (183,488 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Net income | 53,773 | 86,311 | 102,950 | (183,488 | ) | 59,546 | |||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | — | — | (5,773 | ) | — | (5,773 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders | 53,773 | 86,311 | 97,177 | (183,488 | ) | 53,773 | |||||||||||||
| Dividends on preferred stock | (1,302 | ) | — | — | — | (1,302 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to unvested restricted stock awards | (1,198 | ) | — | — | — | (1,198 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders | $ | 51,273 | $ | 86,311 | $ | 97,177 | $ | (183,488 | ) | $ | 51,273 | ||||||||
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (Issuer) | Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P. (Guarantor Subsidiary) | Combined Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rental | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 166,591 | $ | — | $ | 166,591 | |||||||||
| Tenant recoveries | — | — | 58,681 | — | 58,681 | ||||||||||||||
| Other income | 1,077 | 91 | 7,852 | (3,913 | ) | 5,107 | |||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 1,077 | 91 | 233,124 | (3,913 | ) | 230,379 | |||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rental operations | — | — | 72,002 | — | 72,002 | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 15,568 | — | 4,199 | (3,913 | ) | 15,854 | |||||||||||||
| Interest | 21,318 | — | 4,532 | — | 25,850 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 1,722 | — | 75,411 | — | 77,133 | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment of real estate | — | — | 8,114 | — | 8,114 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 3,230 | — | — | — | 3,230 | ||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 41,838 | — | 164,258 | (3,913 | ) | 202,183 | |||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate JVs | — | — | 273 | — | 273 | ||||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings of affiliates | 65,236 | 55,532 | 1,100 | (121,868 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of real estate – land parcels | — | — | 90 | — | 90 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | 24,475 | 55,623 | 70,329 | (121,868 | ) | 28,559 | |||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | — | — | (4,084 | ) | — | (4,084 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders | 24,475 | 55,623 | 66,245 | (121,868 | ) | 24,475 | |||||||||||||
| Dividends on preferred stock | (5,007 | ) | — | — | — | (5,007 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Preferred stock redemption charge | (13,095 | ) | — | — | — | (13,095 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to unvested restricted stock awards | (921 | ) | — | — | — | (921 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders | $ | 5,452 | $ | 55,623 | $ | 66,245 | $ | (121,868 | ) | $ | 5,452 | ||||||||
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (Issuer) | Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P. (Guarantor Subsidiary) | Combined Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rental | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 635,156 | $ | — | $ | 635,156 | |||||||||
| Tenant recoveries | — | — | 188,874 | — | 188,874 | ||||||||||||||
| Other income | 11,337 | (2,577 | ) | 10,199 | (13,683 | ) | 5,276 | ||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 11,337 | (2,577 | ) | 834,229 | (13,683 | ) | 829,306 | ||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rental operations | — | — | 237,536 | — | 237,536 | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 55,272 | — | 14,510 | (13,683 | ) | 56,099 | |||||||||||||
| Interest | 72,907 | — | 19,656 | — | 92,563 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 5,217 | — | 303,852 | — | 309,069 | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment of real estate | — | — | 203 | — | 203 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 670 | — | — | — | 670 | ||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 134,066 | — | 575,757 | (13,683 | ) | 696,140 | |||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate JVs | — | — | 15,050 | — | 15,050 | ||||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings of affiliates | 252,434 | 242,345 | 4,694 | (499,473 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Gain on sales of real estate – rental properties | — | — | 270 | — | 270 | ||||||||||||||
| Gain on sales of real estate – land parcels | — | — | 111 | — | 111 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | 129,705 | 239,768 | 278,597 | (499,473 | ) | 148,597 | |||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | — | — | (18,892 | ) | — | (18,892 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders | 129,705 | 239,768 | 259,705 | (499,473 | ) | 129,705 | |||||||||||||
| Dividends on preferred stock | (6,364 | ) | — | — | — | (6,364 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Preferred stock redemption charge | (11,279 | ) | — | — | — | (11,279 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to unvested restricted stock awards | (3,498 | ) | — | — | — | (3,498 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders | $ | 108,564 | $ | 239,768 | $ | 259,705 | $ | (499,473 | ) | $ | 108,564 | ||||||||
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (Issuer) | Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P. (Guarantor Subsidiary) | Combined Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rental | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 486,505 | $ | — | $ | 486,505 | |||||||||
| Tenant recoveries | — | — | 165,385 | — | 165,385 | ||||||||||||||
| Other income | 7,086 | 115 | 24,091 | (10,638 | ) | 20,654 | |||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 7,086 | 115 | 675,981 | (10,638 | ) | 672,544 | |||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rental operations | — | — | 205,164 | — | 205,164 | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 45,224 | — | 11,840 | (10,638 | ) | 46,426 | |||||||||||||
| Interest | 60,729 | — | 15,001 | — | 75,730 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 4,997 | — | 213,171 | — | 218,168 | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment of real estate | — | — | 193,237 | — | 193,237 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss of early extinguishment of debt | 3,230 | — | — | — | 3,230 | ||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 114,180 | — | 638,413 | (10,638 | ) | 741,955 | |||||||||||||
| Equity in losses of unconsolidated real estate JVs | — | — | (270 | ) | — | (270 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings (losses) of affiliates | 25,889 | (6,282 | ) | (98 | ) | (19,509 | ) | — | |||||||||||
| Gain on sale of real estate – land parcels | — | — | 90 | — | 90 | ||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | (81,205 | ) | (6,167 | ) | 37,290 | (19,509 | ) | (69,591 | ) | ||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | — | — | (11,614 | ) | — | (11,614 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders | (81,205 | ) | (6,167 | ) | 25,676 | (19,509 | ) | (81,205 | ) | ||||||||||
| Dividends on preferred stock | (16,388 | ) | — | — | — | (16,388 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Preferred stock redemption charge | (25,614 | ) | — | — | — | (25,614 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to unvested restricted stock awards | (2,807 | ) | — | — | — | (2,807 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders | $ | (126,014 | ) | $ | (6,167 | ) | $ | 25,676 | $ | (19,509 | ) | $ | (126,014 | ) | |||||
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (Issuer) | Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P. (Guarantor Subsidiary) | Combined Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 53,773 | $ | 86,311 | $ | 102,950 | $ | (183,488 | ) | $ | 59,546 | ||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized holding gains arising during the period | — | 65 | 16,953 | — | 17,018 | ||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities, net | — | 65 | 16,953 | — | 17,018 | ||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate hedge agreements: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized interest rate hedge gains (losses) arising during the period | 174 | — | (29 | ) | — | 145 | |||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for amortization of interest expense included in net income | 195 | — | 3 | — | 198 | ||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate hedge agreements, net | 369 | — | (26 | ) | — | 343 | |||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on foreign currency translation: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized foreign currency translation gains arising during the period | — | — | 3,836 | — | 3,836 | ||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for cumulative foreign currency translation losses included in net income upon sale or liquidation | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on foreign currency translation, net | — | — | 3,836 | — | 3,836 | ||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income | 369 | 65 | 20,763 | — | 21,197 | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income | 54,142 | 86,376 | 123,713 | (183,488 | ) | 80,743 | |||||||||||||
| Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | — | — | (5,783 | ) | — | (5,783 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders | $ | 54,142 | $ | 86,376 | $ | 117,930 | $ | (183,488 | ) | $ | 74,960 | ||||||||
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (Issuer) | Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P. (Guarantor Subsidiary) | Combined Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 24,475 | $ | 55,623 | $ | 70,329 | $ | (121,868 | ) | $ | 28,559 | ||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized losses on available-for-sale equity securities: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period | — | 58 | (38,679 | ) | — | (38,621 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income | — | (159 | ) | (8,381 | ) | — | (8,540 | ) | |||||||||||
| Unrealized losses on available-for-sale equity securities, net | — | (101 | ) | (47,060 | ) | — | (47,161 | ) | |||||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate hedge agreements: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized interest rate hedge gains arising during the period | 2,979 | — | 3 | — | 2,982 | ||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for amortization of interest expense (income) included in net income | 1,714 | — | (12 | ) | — | 1,702 | |||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate hedge agreements, net | 4,693 | — | (9 | ) | — | 4,684 | |||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on foreign currency translation: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized foreign currency translation losses arising during the period | — | — | (1,322 | ) | — | (1,322 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for cumulative foreign currency translation losses included in net income upon sale or liquidation | — | — | 3,779 | — | 3,779 | ||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on foreign currency translation, net | — | — | 2,457 | — | 2,457 | ||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 4,693 | (101 | ) | (44,612 | ) | — | (40,020 | ) | |||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | 29,168 | 55,522 | 25,717 | (121,868 | ) | (11,461 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | — | — | (4,081 | ) | — | (4,081 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders | $ | 29,168 | $ | 55,522 | $ | 21,636 | $ | (121,868 | ) | $ | (15,542 | ) | |||||||
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (Issuer) | Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P. (Guarantor Subsidiary) | Combined Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 129,705 | $ | 239,768 | $ | 278,597 | $ | (499,473 | ) | $ | 148,597 | ||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized holding gains arising during the period | — | 20 | 23,394 | — | 23,414 | ||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income | — | 4 | 2,478 | — | 2,482 | ||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities, net | — | 24 | 25,872 | — | 25,896 | ||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate hedge agreements: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized interest rate hedge gains (losses) arising during the period | 1,062 | — | (250 | ) | — | 812 | |||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for amortization of interest expense included in net income | 1,804 | — | 6 | — | 1,810 | ||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate hedge agreements, net | 2,866 | — | (244 | ) | — | 2,622 | |||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on foreign currency translation: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized foreign currency translation gains arising during the period | — | — | 7,592 | — | 7,592 | ||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for cumulative foreign currency translation losses included in net income upon sale or liquidation | — | — | 2,421 | — | 2,421 | ||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on foreign currency translation, net | — | — | 10,013 | — | 10,013 | ||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income | 2,866 | 24 | 35,641 | — | 38,531 | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income | 132,571 | 239,792 | 314,238 | (499,473 | ) | 187,128 | |||||||||||||
| Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | — | — | (18,914 | ) | — | (18,914 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders | $ | 132,571 | $ | 239,792 | $ | 295,324 | $ | (499,473 | ) | $ | 168,214 | ||||||||
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (Issuer) | Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P. (Guarantor Subsidiary) | Combined Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | $ | (81,205 | ) | $ | (6,167 | ) | $ | 37,290 | $ | (19,509 | ) | $ | (69,591 | ) | |||||
| Other comprehensive loss | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized losses on available-for-sale equity securities: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period | — | 136 | (70,191 | ) | — | (70,055 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in net income | — | (148 | ) | (18,479 | ) | — | (18,627 | ) | |||||||||||
| Unrealized losses on available-for-sale equity securities, net | — | (12 | ) | (88,670 | ) | — | (88,682 | ) | |||||||||||
| Unrealized losses on interest rate hedge agreements: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized interest rate hedge (losses) gains arising during the period | (7,658 | ) | — | 3 | — | (7,655 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for amortization of interest expense (income) included in net income | 3,737 | — | (12 | ) | — | 3,725 | |||||||||||||
| Unrealized losses on interest rate hedge agreements, net | (3,921 | ) | — | (9 | ) | — | (3,930 | ) | |||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on foreign currency translation: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized foreign currency translation gains arising during the period | — | — | 842 | — | 842 | ||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for cumulative foreign currency translation losses included in net (loss) income upon sale or liquidation | — | — | 10,807 | — | 10,807 | ||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on foreign currency translation, net | — | — | 11,649 | — | 11,649 | ||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive loss | (3,921 | ) | (12 | ) | (77,030 | ) | — | (80,963 | ) | ||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss | (85,126 | ) | (6,179 | ) | (39,740 | ) | (19,509 | ) | (150,554 | ) | |||||||||
| Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | — | — | (11,587 | ) | — | (11,587 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders | $ | (85,126 | ) | $ | (6,179 | ) | $ | (51,327 | ) | $ | (19,509 | ) | $ | (162,141 | ) | ||||
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (Issuer) | Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P. (Guarantor Subsidiary) | Combined Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Operating Activities | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 129,705 | $ | 239,768 | $ | 278,597 | $ | (499,473 | ) | $ | 148,597 | ||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 5,217 | — | 303,852 | — | 309,069 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 670 | — | — | — | 670 | ||||||||||||||
| Gain on sales of real estate – rental properties | — | — | (270 | ) | — | (270 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Impairment of real estate | — | — | 203 | — | 203 | ||||||||||||||
| Gain on sales of real estate – land parcels | — | — | (111 | ) | — | (111 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate JVs | — | — | (15,050 | ) | — | (15,050 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated real estate JVs | — | — | 249 | — | 249 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of loan fees | 5,665 | — | 2,913 | — | 8,578 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt discounts (premiums) | 441 | — | (2,314 | ) | — | (1,873 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Amortization of acquired below-market leases | — | — | (14,908 | ) | — | (14,908 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Deferred rent | — | — | (74,362 | ) | — | (74,362 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Stock compensation expense | 18,649 | — | — | — | 18,649 | ||||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings of affiliates | (252,434 | ) | (242,345 | ) | (4,694 | ) | 499,473 | — | |||||||||||
| Investment gains | — | (17 | ) | (8,408 | ) | — | (8,425 | ) | |||||||||||
| Investment losses | — | 2,599 | 3,819 | — | 6,418 | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | (36 | ) | — | (876 | ) | — | (912 | ) | |||||||||||
| Tenant receivables | — | — | (224 | ) | — | (224 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Deferred leasing costs | — | — | (39,925 | ) | — | (39,925 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Other assets | (10,576 | ) | — | (86 | ) | — | (10,662 | ) | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and tenant security deposits | (9,813 | ) | (9 | ) | 40,441 | — | 30,619 | ||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | (112,512 | ) | (4 | ) | 468,846 | — | 356,330 | ||||||||||||
| Investing Activities | |||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of real estate | — | — | 4,263 | — | 4,263 | ||||||||||||||
| Additions to real estate | — | — | (660,877 | ) | — | (660,877 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Purchases of real estate | — | — | (590,884 | ) | — | (590,884 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Deposits for investing activities | — | — | 4,700 | — | 4,700 | ||||||||||||||
| Investments in subsidiaries | (753,137 | ) | (588,808 | ) | (12,160 | ) | 1,354,105 | — | |||||||||||
| Investments in unconsolidated real estate JVs | — | — | (248 | ) | — | (248 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Return of capital from unconsolidated real estate JVs | — | — | 38,576 | — | 38,576 | ||||||||||||||
| Additions to investments | — | — | (128,190 | ) | — | (128,190 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Sales of investments | — | 204 | 18,692 | — | 18,896 | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (753,137 | ) | $ | (588,604 | ) | $ | (1,326,128 | ) | $ | 1,354,105 | $ | (1,313,764 | ) | |||||
| Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (Issuer) | Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P. (Guarantor Subsidiary) | Combined Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Financing Activities | |||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowings from secured notes payable | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 145,272 | $ | — | $ | 145,272 | |||||||||
| Repayments of borrowings from secured notes payable | — | — | (2,882 | ) | — | (2,882 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of unsecured senior notes payable | 424,384 | — | — | — | 424,384 | ||||||||||||||
| Borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit | 2,634,000 | — | — | — | 2,634,000 | ||||||||||||||
| Repayments of borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit | (2,348,000 | ) | — | — | — | (2,348,000 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Repayments of borrowings from unsecured senior bank term loans | (200,000 | ) | — | — | — | (200,000 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Transfer to/from parent company | 47,558 | 588,608 | 717,939 | (1,354,105 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Change in restricted cash related to financing activities | — | — | (10,467 | ) | — | (10,467 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Payment of loan fees | (3,956 | ) | — | (387 | ) | — | (4,343 | ) | |||||||||||
| Repurchase of 7.00% Series D cumulative convertible preferred stock | (17,934 | ) | — | — | — | (17,934 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Redemption of 6.45% Series E cumulative redeemable preferred stock | (130,350 | ) | — | — | — | (130,350 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from the issuance of common stock | 705,391 | — | — | — | 705,391 | ||||||||||||||
| Dividends on common stock | (229,814 | ) | — | — | — | (229,814 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Dividends on preferred stock | (8,317 | ) | — | — | — | (8,317 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — | — | 9,877 | — | 9,877 | ||||||||||||||
| Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — | — | (17,432 | ) | — | (17,432 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 872,962 | 588,608 | 841,920 | (1,354,105 | ) | 949,385 | |||||||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | — | — | 1,579 | — | 1,579 | ||||||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 7,313 | — | (13,783 | ) | — | (6,470 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents as of the beginning of period | 30,603 | — | 94,429 | — | 125,032 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents as of the end of period | $ | 37,916 | $ | — | $ | 80,646 | $ | — | $ | 118,562 | |||||||||
| Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid during the period for interest, net of interest capitalized | $ | 67,091 | $ | — | $ | 19,141 | $ | — | $ | 86,232 | |||||||||
| Non-Cash Investing Activities: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Change in accrued construction | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (38,767 | ) | $ | — | $ | (38,767 | ) | |||||||
| Contribution of real estate to an unconsolidated real estate JV | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 6,998 | $ | — | $ | 6,998 | |||||||||
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (Issuer) | Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P. (Guarantor Subsidiary) | Combined Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Operating Activities | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | $ | (81,205 | ) | $ | (6,167 | ) | $ | 37,290 | $ | (19,509 | ) | $ | (69,591 | ) | |||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 4,997 | — | 213,171 | — | 218,168 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 3,230 | — | — | — | 3,230 | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment of real estate | — | — | 193,237 | — | 193,237 | ||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of real estate – land parcels | — | — | (90 | ) | — | (90 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Equity in losses of unconsolidated real estate JVs | — | — | 270 | — | 270 | ||||||||||||||
| Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated real estate JVs | — | — | 286 | — | 286 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of loan fees | 5,826 | — | 2,966 | — | 8,792 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt discounts (premiums) | 353 | — | (470 | ) | — | (117 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Amortization of acquired below-market leases | — | — | (2,905 | ) | — | (2,905 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Deferred rent | — | — | (30,679 | ) | — | (30,679 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Stock compensation expense | 19,007 | — | — | — | 19,007 | ||||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings of affiliates | (25,889 | ) | 6,282 | 98 | 19,509 | — | |||||||||||||
| Investment gains | — | (566 | ) | (28,155 | ) | — | (28,721 | ) | |||||||||||
| Investment losses | — | 188 | 10,482 | — | 10,670 | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | (16 | ) | — | (262 | ) | — | (278 | ) | |||||||||||
| Tenant receivables | — | — | 843 | — | 843 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred leasing costs | — | — | (21,621 | ) | — | (21,621 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Other assets | (8,332 | ) | — | (6,481 | ) | — | (14,813 | ) | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and tenant security deposits | (35,351 | ) | (592 | ) | 42,106 | — | 6,163 | ||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | (117,380 | ) | (855 | ) | 410,086 | — | 291,851 | ||||||||||||
| Investing Activities | |||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of real estate | — | — | 27,332 | — | 27,332 | ||||||||||||||
| Additions to real estate | — | — | (638,568 | ) | — | (638,568 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Purchase of real estate | — | — | (18,108 | ) | — | (18,108 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Deposits for investing activities | — | — | (54,998 | ) | — | (54,998 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Investments in subsidiaries | (301,852 | ) | (365,132 | ) | (7,405 | ) | 674,389 | — | |||||||||||
| Investments in unconsolidated real estate JVs | — | — | (6,924 | ) | — | (6,924 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Additions to investments | — | — | (68,384 | ) | — | (68,384 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Sales of investments | — | 1,174 | 34,121 | — | 35,295 | ||||||||||||||
| Repayment of notes receivable | — | — | 9,054 | — | 9,054 | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (301,852 | ) | $ | (363,958 | ) | $ | (723,880 | ) | $ | 674,389 | $ | (715,301 | ) | |||||
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (Issuer) | Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P. (Guarantor Subsidiary) | Combined Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Financing Activities | |||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowings from secured notes payable | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 215,330 | $ | — | $ | 215,330 | |||||||||
| Repayments of borrowings from secured notes payable | — | — | (234,096 | ) | — | (234,096 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of unsecured senior notes payable | 348,604 | — | — | — | 348,604 | ||||||||||||||
| Borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit | 2,349,000 | — | — | — | 2,349,000 | ||||||||||||||
| Repayments of borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit | (2,084,000 | ) | — | — | — | (2,084,000 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Repayment of borrowings from unsecured bank term loans | (200,000 | ) | — | — | — | (200,000 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Transfer to/from parent company | (69,139 | ) | 364,813 | 378,715 | (674,389 | ) | — | ||||||||||||
| Change in restricted cash related to financing activities | — | — | 7,742 | — | 7,742 | ||||||||||||||
| Payment of loan fees | (12,401 | ) | — | (4,098 | ) | — | (16,499 | ) | |||||||||||
| Repurchase of 7.00% Series D cumulative convertible preferred stock | (98,633 | ) | — | — | — | (98,633 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from the issuance of common stock | 367,802 | — | — | — | 367,802 | ||||||||||||||
| Dividends on common stock | (177,966 | ) | — | — | — | (177,966 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Dividends on preferred stock | (17,487 | ) | — | — | — | (17,487 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Financing costs paid for sale of noncontrolling interests | — | — | (8,093 | ) | — | (8,093 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Contributions from and sale of noncontrolling interests | — | — | 68,621 | — | 68,621 | ||||||||||||||
| Distributions to and purchase of noncontrolling interests | — | — | (62,605 | ) | — | (62,605 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 405,780 | 364,813 | 361,516 | (674,389 | ) | 457,720 | |||||||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | — | — | (1,440 | ) | — | (1,440 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (13,452 | ) | — | 46,282 | — | 32,830 | |||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents as of the beginning of period | 31,982 | — | 93,116 | — | 125,098 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents as of the end of period | $ | 18,530 | $ | — | $ | 139,398 | $ | — | $ | 157,928 | |||||||||
| Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid during the period for interest, net of interest capitalized | $ | 58,062 | $ | — | $ | 758 | $ | — | $ | 58,820 | |||||||||
| Non-Cash Investing Activities: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Change in accrued construction | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 23,023 | $ | — | $ | 23,023 | |||||||||
| Non-Cash Financing Activities: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Redemption of redeemable noncontrolling interests | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (5,000 | ) | $ | — | $ | (5,000 | ) | |||||||
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-looking statements
Certain information and statements included in this quarterly report on Form 10‑Q,10-Q, including, without limitation, statements containing the words “forecast,” “guidance,” “goals,” “projects,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “seeks,” “should,” “targets,” or “will,” or the negative of thesethose words or similar words, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties regarding events, conditions, and financial trends that may affect our future plans of operations, business strategy, results of operations, and financial position. A number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those included within or contemplated by the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the following:
•Operating factors, such as a failure to operate our business successfully in comparison to market expectations or in comparison to our competitors, our inability to obtain capital when desired or refinance debt maturities when desired, and/or a failure to maintain our status as a REIT for federal tax purposes.purposes;
•Market and industry factors, such as adverse developments concerning the life science, agtech, and technology industries and/or our tenants.tenants;
•Government factors, such as any unfavorable effects resulting from federal, state, local, and/or foreign government policies, laws, and/or funding levels.levels;
•Global factors, such as negative economic, social, political, financial, credit market, and/or banking conditions.conditions;
•Uncertain global, national, and local impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic; and
•Other factors, such as climate change, cyber intrusions, and/or changes in laws, regulations, and financial accounting standards.
This list of risks and uncertainties is not exhaustive. Additional information regarding risk factors that may affect us is included under “Item 1A. Risk Factors”factors” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussiondiscussion and Analysisanalysis of Financial Conditionfinancial condition and Resultsresults of Operations” inoperations” of our annual report on Form 10‑K10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.2021 and under respective sections within this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Readers of this quarterly report on Form 10‑Q10-Q should also read our other documents filed publicly with the SEC for further discussion regarding such factors.
42
Overview
We are a Maryland corporation formed in October 1994 that has elected to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. We areAlexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (NYSE: ARE), anS&P 500®urban office company, is a best-in-class, mission-driven life science REIT uniquely focusedmaking a positive and lasting impact on the world. As the pioneer of the life science real estate niche since its founding in 1994, Alexandria is the preeminent and longest-tenured owner, operator, and developer of collaborative life science, agtech, and technology campuses in AAA innovation cluster locations, withincluding Greater Boston, the San Francisco Bay Area, New York City, San Diego, Seattle, Maryland, and Research Triangle. The trusted partner to over 1,000 tenants, as of September 30, 2022, Alexandria has a total market capitalization of $16.1$33.3 billion and an asset base in North America of 28.674.5 million SF as of September 30, 2017. The asset base in North Americasquare feet (“SF”), which includes 20.641.1 million RSF of operating properties including 1.5and 5.6 million RSF of Class A properties undergoing construction, 9.9 million RSF of near-term and intermediate-term development and redevelopment of new Class A properties currently undergoing construction. Additionally, the asset base in North America includes 8.0projects, and 17.9 million SF of future development projects, including 1.1 million SF of near-term projects undergoing marketing for lease and pre-construction activities and 3.3 million SF of intermediate-term development projects. Founded in 1994, we pioneered this niche and have since established a significant market presence in key locations, including Greater Boston, San Francisco, New York City, San Diego, Seattle, Maryland, and Research Triangle Park. We haveAlexandria has a longstanding and proven track record of developing Class A properties clustered in urban life science, agtech, and technology campuses that provide our innovative tenants with highly dynamic and collaborative environments that enhance their ability to successfully recruit and retain world-class talent and inspire productivity, efficiency, creativity, and success. Alexandria also provides strategic capital to transformative life science, agrifoodtech, climate innovation, and technology companies through our venture capital platform. We believe these advantages result in higher occupancy levels, longer lease terms, higher rental income, higher returns, and greater long-term asset value.
As of September 30, 2017:2022:
•Investment-grade or publicly traded large cap tenants represented 50%49% of our total annual rental revenue;
•Approximately 97%96% of our leases (on an RSFannual rental revenue basis) contained effective annual rent escalations approximating 3.0% that were either fixed or indexed based on a consumer price index or other index;
•Approximately 91% of our leases (on an annual rental revenue basis) were triple net leases, which require tenants to pay substantially all real estate taxes, insurance, utilities, repairs and maintenance, common area expenses, and other operating expenses (including increases thereto) in addition to base rent; and
•Approximately 94% of our leases (on an RSFannual rental revenue basis) provided for the recapture of capital expenditures (such as HVAC systems maintenance and/or replacement, roof replacement, and parking lot resurfacing) that we believe would typically be borne by the landlord in traditional office leases.
Our primary business objective is to maximize stockholder value by providing our stockholders with the greatest possible total return and long-term asset value and shareholder returns based on a multifaceted platform of internal and external growth. A key element of our strategy is our unique focus on Class A properties clusteredlocated in urban campuses.collaborative life science, agtech, and technology campuses in AAA innovation clusters. These key urban campus locations are generally characterized by high barriers to entry for new landlords, high barriers to exit for tenants, and a limited supply of available space. They generally represent highly desirable locations for tenancy by life science, agtech, and technology entities because of their close proximity to concentrations of specialized skills, knowledge, institutions, and related businesses. Our strategy also includes drawing upon our deep and broad real estate, life science, agtech, and technology relationships in order to identify and attract new and leading tenants and to source additional value-creation real estate.
Executive summary
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | |||||
| Total leasing activity – RSF | 786,925 | 3,189,483 | ||||
| Lease renewals and re-leasing of space: | ||||||
| Rental rate increases | 24.2% | 25.2% | ||||
| Rental rate increases (cash basis) | 10.0% | 13.3% | ||||
| RSF (included in total leasing activity above) | 448,472 | 1,931,477 | ||||
| Delivery Date | RSF | Percentage Leased | Incremental Annual Net Operating Income | ||||||
| YTD 3Q17 | 663,672 | 100% | $51 million | ||||||
| 4Q17 | 651,738 | 95% | $38 million to $42 million | ||||||
Operating results
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Alexandria’s common stockholders – diluted: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| In millions | $ | 341.4 | $ | 101.3 | $ | 461.5 | $ | 490.6 | |||||||||||||||
| Per share | $ | 2.11 | $ | 0.67 | $ | 2.88 | $ | 3.38 | |||||||||||||||
| Funds from operations attributable to Alexandria’s common stockholders – diluted, as adjusted: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| In millions | $ | 344.7 | $ | 296.0 | $ | 1,008.1 | $ | 841.3 | |||||||||||||||
| Per share | $ | 2.13 | $ | 1.95 | $ | 6.28 | $ | 5.80 | |||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | Change | 2017 | 2016 | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Alexandria’s common stockholders – diluted: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In millions | $ | 51.3 | $ | 5.5 | $ | 45.8 | N/A | $ | 108.6 | $ | (126.0 | ) | $ | 234.6 | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| Per share | $ | 0.55 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.48 | N/A | $ | 1.20 | $ | (1.69 | ) | $ | 2.89 | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| Funds from operations attributable to Alexandria’s common stockholders – diluted, as adjusted: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In millions | $ | 140.8 | $ | 107.6 | $ | 33.1 | 30.8 | % | $ | 407.5 | $ | 305.8 | $ | 101.7 | 33.3 | % | |||||||||||||
| Per share | $ | 1.51 | $ | 1.39 | $ | 0.12 | 8.6 | % | $ | 4.49 | $ | 4.09 | $ | 0.40 | 9.8 | % | |||||||||||||
The operating results shown above include certain items related to corporate-level investing and financing decisions. ReferFor additional information, refer to “Funds from operations and funds from operations, as adjusted, attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders” in the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section and to the tabular presentation of these items at the beginning ofin the “Results of Operations”operations” section within this Item 2 for additional information.
43
A REIT industry-leading, high-quality roster of over 1,000 tenants and internal growth asoperational excellence, supporting high-quality revenues, cash flows, and strong margins
| Percentage of total annual rental revenue in effect from investment-grade or publicly traded large cap tenants | 49 | % | ||||||||||||
| Sustained strength in tenant collections: | ||||||||||||||
| Tenant receivables as of September 30, 2022 | $ | 7.8 | million | |||||||||||
| October tenant rent and receivables collected as of the date of this report | 99.9 | % | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy of operating properties in North America | 94.3 | % | ||||||||||||
| Operating margin | 70 | % | (1) | |||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin | 69 | % | (1) | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term: | ||||||||||||||
| All tenants | 7.2 | years | ||||||||||||
| Top 20 tenants | 9.7 | years | ||||||||||||
(1)For the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Solid leasing volume and rental rate increase
•During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we completed 1.7 million RSF of leasing activity, 87% of which was generated from our roster of over 1,000 tenants.
•Quarterly leasing volume continues to surpass our 10-year quarterly average of 1.3 million RSF and our pre-COVID 5-year quarterly average of 1.1 million RSF.
•For the three months ended September 30, 2022, rental rate increases on lease renewals and re-leasing of space were 27.1% and 22.6% (cash basis).
| September 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||
| Total leasing activity – RSF | 1,662,069 | 6,405,265 | ||||||||||||
| Leasing of development and redevelopment space – RSF | 329,006 | 2,685,138 | ||||||||||||
| Lease renewals and re-leasing of space: | ||||||||||||||
| RSF (included in total leasing activity above) | 1,094,821 | 3,045,980 | ||||||||||||
| Rental rate increases | 27.1% | 34.3% | ||||||||||||
| Rental rate increases (cash basis) | 22.6% | 24.2% | ||||||||||||
Strong and flexible balance sheet with significant liquidity
•Investment-grade credit ratings ranked in the top 10% among all publicly traded U.S. REITs.
•Net debt and preferred stock to Adjusted EBITDA of 5.4x and fixed-charge coverage ratio of 4.9x for the three months ended September 30, 20172022, annualized.
•Total debt and preferred stock to gross assets of 27%.
•13.2 years weighted-average remaining term of debt.
•No debt maturities prior to 2025.
•$6.4 billion of liquidity.
44
Continued strong net operating income and internal growth
•Total revenues:
•$659.9 million, up 20.5%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $547.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021.
•$1.9 billion, up 24.8%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $1.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
•Net operating income (cash basis) of $1.6 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2022, annualized, increased by $306.0 million, or 22.9%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, annualized.
•96% of our leases contain contractual annual rental revenuerent escalations approximating 3%.
•Same property net operating income growth:
•5.1% and 10.6% (cash basis) for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, representing the third-highest same property net operating income (cash basis) growth in effect from:Company history.
Continued strategic value harvesting with strong valuations
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we completed dispositions and sales of partial interests aggregating $2.2 billion, including $1.0 billion of dispositions during the three months ended September 30, 2022:
•Sale of five properties in AAA locations:our South San Francisco and Greater Stanford submarkets for an aggregate sales price of $383.6 million, or $1,161 per RSF, representing capitalization rates of 5.2% and 5.2% (cash basis).
•Sale of a 70% interest in 3215 Merryfield Row in our Torrey Pines submarket for a sales price of $149.9 million, or $1,256 per RSF, representing capitalization rates of 4.5% and 4.2% (cash basis).
•Sale of a 70% interest in Summers Ridge Science Park in our Sorrento Mesa submarket for a sales price of $159.6 million, or $720 per RSF, representing capitalization rates of 4.9% and 4.6% (cash basis).
Continued dividend strategy to share strong and consistent growth in operating cash flows with stockholders while also retaining a significant portion for reinvestment
•Common stock dividend declared for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $1.18 per common share, aggregating $4.66 per common share for the twelve months ended September 30, 2022, up 24 cents, or 5%, over the twelve months ended September 30, 2021.
•Dividend yield of 3.4% as of September 30, 2022.
•FFO payout ratio of 56% for the three months ended September 30, 2022.
•Average annual dividend per-share growth of 6.5% over the last five years.
Completion of unsecured senior line of credit upsizing and term extension
•In September 2022, we amended our unsecured senior line of credit. Key changes include:
| New Agreement | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commitments available for borrowing | $4.0 billion | Up $1.0 billion | ||||||||||||||||||
| Maturity date | January 2028 | Extended by 2 years | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate | SOFR+0.875% | Converted to SOFR from LIBOR | ||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria’s tenants drive visibility for future growth aggregating over $645 million of incremental net operating income
•Highly leased value-creation pipeline of current and seven near-term projects expected to generate greater than $645 million of incremental net operating income, primarily commencing from the fourth quarter of 2022 through the third quarter of 2025.
•7.6 million RSF of our value-creation projects, which are 78% leased.
45
Balance sheet management
Key metrics as of September 30, 2022
| As of | |||||
| September 30, 2017 | |||||
| Total market capitalization | $ | 16.1 | billion | ||
| Liquidity | $ | 1.7 | billion | ||
| Net debt to Adjusted EBITDA: | |||||
| Quarter annualized | 6.1x | ||||
| Trailing 12 months | 6.4x | ||||
| Fixed-charge coverage ratio: | |||||
| Quarter annualized | 4.1x | ||||
| Trailing 12 months | 4.0x | ||||
| Unhedged variable-rate debt as a percentage of total debt | 12% | ||||
| Current and future value-creation pipeline as a percentage of gross investments in real estate in North America | 12% | ||||
•$22.8 billion in total equity capitalization, which ranks in the top 10% among all publicly traded U.S. REITs.
•13.2 years weighted-average remaining term of debt.
•No remaining LIBOR-based debt ahead of June 2023 phase-out.
| September 30, 2022 | Goal for Fourth Quarter of 2022, Annualized | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quarter Annualized | Trailing 12 Months | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net debt and preferred stock to Adjusted EBITDA | 5.4x | 5.6x | Less than or equal to 5.1x | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-charge coverage ratio | 4.9x | 5.1x | Greater than or equal to 5.1x | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Key capital events
•In August 2017,September 2022, we entered into an ATM common stockamended our unsecured senior line of credit to increase the aggregate commitment to $4.0 billion and extend the maturity date to January 22, 2028. Refer to Note 10 – “Secured and unsecured senior debt” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report for additional detail.
•In September 2022, we increased the aggregate amount we may issue from time to time under our commercial paper program that allows us to sell up to an aggregate of $750.0 million of our common stock. $2.0 billion from $1.5 billion.
•During the three months ended September 30, 2017,2022, we sold an aggregatesettled a portion of 2.1our outstanding forward equity sales agreements by issuing 1.0 million shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $249.9 million, or $119.94 per share, and received net proceeds of $245.8$199.7 million. AsWe expect to issue an aggregate of September 30, 2017, we had $500.18.0 million available for futureshares at an average price of $186.03 per share to settle all our outstanding forward equity sales agreements and receive net proceeds of common stock underapproximately $1.5 billion during the ATM program.fourth quarter of 2022.
•During the three months ended September 30, 2017, we2022, there was no sale activity under our ATM program. As of September 30, 2022, the remaining aggregate amount available under our ATM program for future sales of common stock was $246.6 million.
Investments
•As of September 30, 2022:
•Our investments aggregated $1.6 billion.
•Unrealized gains presented in our consolidated balance sheets were awarded a “Green Star” designation by GRESB$421.1 million, comprising gross unrealized gains and recognized aslosses aggregating $529.0 million and $107.9 million, respectively.
•Investment loss of $32.3 million for the top-ranked company in the U.S. in the GRESB Health & Well-being Module for our practices promoting the health, safety, and well-being of our tenants, employees, and partners. Our GRESB score exceeded that of both the U.S. listed average REIT and the global GRESB average.
•Investment loss of $312.1 million for the organization will offer programsnine months ended September 30, 2022, consisted of $76.0 million in realized gains and events$388.1 million in unrealized losses/changes in fair value.
External growth and investments in real estate
Delivery and commencement of value-creation projects
•During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we placed into service development and redevelopment projects aggregating 332,961 RSF across multiple submarkets resulting in $30 million of incremental net operating income.
•82% of construction costs related to help transition Navy SEALsactive development and redevelopment projects aggregating 5.6 million RSF are under a guaranteed maximum price (“GMP”) contract or other U.S. Special Operations personnel back into private-sector jobs and careers.fixed contracts. Our budgets also include construction cost contingencies in GMP contracts plus additional landlord contingencies that generally range from 3% to 5%.
| September 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Favorable Lease Structure(1) | Same Property Net Operating Income Growth | |||||||||
 |  | |||||||||
| Stable cash flows | ||||||||||
Percentage of triple net leases | 97% | |||||||||
| Increasing cash flows | ||||||||||
| Percentage of leases containing annual rent escalations | 95% | |||||||||
| Lower capex burden | ||||||||||
| Percentage of leases providing for the recapture of capital expenditures | 94% | |||||||||
Margins(2) | Rental Rate Growth: Renewed/Re-Leased Space | |||||||||
 |  | |||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | Operating | |||||||||
| 68% | 71% | |||||||||
| 10% | |||||||||||||||||
| 1% | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Income-producing/potential cash flows/covered land play(1) | 8% |
| Land | 3% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Includes projects that have existing buildings that are generating or can generate operating cash flows. Also includes development rights associated with existing operating campuses.
46
Alexandria is at the vanguard of innovation for a high-quality roster of over 1,000 tenants, focused on accommodating their current needs and providing them with a path for future growth
•During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we completed acquisitions in our key life science cluster submarkets aggregating 1.2 million RSF of value-creation opportunities for an aggregate purchase price of $316.7 million.
Industry and ESG leadership: catalyzing and leading the way for positive change to benefit human health and society
•In October 2022, Alexandria continued to enhance its first social responsibility pillar focused on advancing human health by empowering NEXT for AUTISM’s development of important support services for autistic individuals and their families. Alexandria has been forging strategically supportive partnerships with highly impactful organizations that aim to accelerate groundbreaking medical innovation to advance vitally needed therapies for individuals with autism.
•In October 2022, Alexandria’s position as a groundbreaking leader in ESG was reinforced in the 2022 GRESB Real Estate Assessment, with several achievements, including: (i) Regional and Global Sector Leader for buildings in development in the Science & Technology sector, (ii) #2 ranking for buildings in operation in the Diversified Listed sector, and (iii) “A” disclosure score for the fifth consecutive year. Alexandria has earned “Green Star” recognitions in the operating asset benchmark for the sixth consecutive year and in the development benchmark for the third consecutive year since its 2020 launch.
•In October 2022, Alexandria was recognized as a Climate Leader by the Sponsors of Mass Save®, a collaborative of the energy utilities and energy efficiency service providers in Massachusetts. Utilizing these programs in our Greater Boston market, we have implemented over 65 energy conservation projects across more than 40 buildings over the last 10 years, resulting in estimated recurring annual energy savings of over 5 million kWh. Alexandria was the only real estate company to be selected in the inaugural cohort of honorees.
•In September 2022, coinciding with National Suicide Prevention Month, we announced our deepened partnership with KITA, a non-profit providing tuition-free summer camp for children who have lost a loved one to suicide, and the advancement of our eighth social responsibility pillar addressing the mental health crisis. Through Alexandria’s significant support, KITA will have free, long-term access to 28 acres in Acton, Maine that will serve as the non-profit’s new home and enable it to grow its program and increase the number of children it serves.
•In July 2022, Alexandria Venture Investments, our strategic venture capital platform, was recognized as the #1 most active corporate investor in biopharma by new deal volume (2021-1H22) for the fifth consecutive year by Silicon Valley Bank in its “Healthcare Investments and Exits: Mid-Year 2022 Report.” Alexandria’s venture activity provides us with, among other things, mission-critical data and insights into industry innovations and trends.
47
(1)Top 10% ranking based on information for FTSE Nareit All REITs Index from Bloomberg Professional Services as of September 30, 2022.
(2)Top 10% ranking for Sustainalytics Global Universe, from Bloomberg Professional Services as of September 30, 2022.
48
Environmental progress data for 2021 reflected in the chart above received independent limited assurance from DNV Business Assurance USA, Inc.
(1)2025 environmental goal for Alexandria’s cumulative progress relative to a 2015 baseline on a like-for-like basis for buildings in operation that the company directly manages.
(2)2025 environmental goal for buildings in operation that Alexandria indirectly and directly manages. In alignment with industry best practice, the company reports waste diversion annually; the 2025 goal is to
achieve a waste diversion rate of at least 45% by 2025.
achieve a waste diversion rate of at least 45% by 2025.
(3)Progress toward 2025 goals.
49
50
51
Operating summary
| Historical Same Property Net Operating Income Growth | Favorable Lease Structure(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |  | Strategic Lease Structure by Owner and Operator of Collaborative Life Science, Agtech, and Technology Campuses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increasing cash flows | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of leases containing annual rent escalations | 96% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stable cash flows | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Percentage of triple net leases | 91% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lower capex burden | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of leases providing for the recapture of capital expenditures | 94% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Historical Rental Rate Growth: Renewed/Re-Leased Space | Margins(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |  | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating | Adjusted EBITDA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 70% | 69% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Debt and Preferred Stock to Adjusted EBITDA(3) | Fixed-Charge Coverage Ratio(3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |  | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Percentages calculated based on annual rental revenue as of September 30, 2022.
(2)Represents percentages for the three months ended September 30, 2022.
(3)Quarter annualized. Refer to the definitions of “Net debt and preferred stock to Adjusted EBITDA” and “Fixed-charge coverage ratio” in the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for additional details.
52
| Long-Duration Cash Flows Innovative Tenants | ||||||||||||
| Investment-Grade or Publicly Traded Large Cap Tenants | Long-Duration Lease Terms | |||||||||||
| 49% | 7.2 Years | |||||||||||
| of ARE’s Total | Weighted-Average | |||||||||||
Annual Rental Revenue(1) | Remaining Term(2) | |||||||||||
| Industry Mix of 1,000+ Tenants | ||||||||||||
 | ||||||||||||
 | ||||||||||||
Percentage of ARE’s Annual Rental Revenue(1) | ||||||||||||
(1)Represents annual rental revenue in effect as of September 30, 2022. Refer to the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for additional information.
(2)Based on aggregate annual rental revenue in effect as of September 30, 2022. Refer to definition of “Annual rental revenue” in the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for additional information on our methodology of calculating annual rental revenue for unconsolidated real estate joint ventures.
(3)Represents annual rental revenue currently generated from space that is targeted for a future change in use. The weighted-average remaining term of these leases is 3.6 years.
(4)Our other tenants, which aggregate 2.0% of our annual rental revenue, comprise technology, professional services, finance, telecommunications, and construction/real estate companies and less than 1.0% of retail-related tenants by annual rental revenue.
53
| High-Quality Cash Flows Class A Properties in AAA Locations | |||||||||||
| Industry-Leading Tenant Roster | AAA Locations | ||||||||||
 | |||||||||||
| 86% | |||||||||||
 or Publicly Traded Large Cap Tenants(1) | |||||||||||
Percentage of ARE’s Annual Rental Revenue | |||||||||||
Solid | Occupancy Across Key Locations | ||||||||||
 | |||||||||||
 | |||||||||||
| 96% | |||
Over 10 Years | |||
(1)As of September 30, 2022. Represents the percentage of our annual rental revenue generated by our top 20 tenants that are also investment-grade or publicly traded large cap tenants.
(2)Represents annual rental revenue in effect as of September 30, 2022. Refer to the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for additional information.
(3)Represents average occupancy of operating properties in North America as of each December 31 for the last 10 years and as of September 30, 2022.
(4)Refer to the “Summary of occupancy percentages in North America” section within this Item 2 for additional information on vacancy at recently acquired properties.
54
Leasing
The following table summarizes our leasing activity at our properties:
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | Year Ended | Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2017 | September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | September 30, 2022 | September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Including Straight-Line Rent | Cash Basis | Including Straight-Line Rent | Cash Basis | Including Straight-Line Rent | Cash Basis | Including Straight-Line Rent | Cash Basis | Including Straight-Line Rent | Cash Basis | Including Straight-Line Rent | Cash Basis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars per RSF) | (Dollars per RSF) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leasing activity: | Leasing activity: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Renewed/re-leased space (1) | Renewed/re-leased space(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental rate changes | 24.2% | 10.0% | 25.2% | 13.3% | 27.6% | 12.0% | Rental rate changes | 27.1% | 22.6% | 34.3% | 24.2% | 37.9% | 22.6% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New rates | $ | 59.84 | $ | 57.59 | $ | 51.30 | $ | 48.24 | $ | 48.60 | $ | 45.83 | New rates | $59.41 | $57.35 | $57.61 | $55.50 | $59.00 | $55.60 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expiring rates | $ | 48.19 | $ | 52.37 | $ | 40.97 | $ | 42.56 | $ | 38.09 | $ | 40.92 | Expiring rates | $46.73 | $46.79 | $42.89 | $44.68 | $42.80 | $45.36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rentable square footage | 448,472 | 1,931,477 | 2,129,608 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RSF | RSF | 1,094,821 | 3,045,980 | 4,614,040 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tenant improvements/leasing commissions | $ | 18.52 | $ | 19.54 | (2) | $ | 15.69 | Tenant improvements/leasing commissions | $43.34 | $33.26 | $41.05 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average lease term | 6.4 years | 6.2 years | 5.5 years | Weighted-average lease term | 5.1 years | 4.9 years | 6.3 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developed/redeveloped/previously vacant space leased | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developed/redeveloped/ previously vacant space leased(2) | Developed/redeveloped/ previously vacant space leased(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New rates | $ | 57.81 | $ | 56.65 | $ | 36.19 | $ | 32.92 | $ | 50.24 | $ | 38.72 | New rates | $56.98 | $51.55 | $75.88 | $67.05 | $78.52 | $69.42 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rentable square footage | 338,453 | 1,258,006 | 1,260,459 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tenant improvements/leasing commissions | $ | 11.95 | $ | 8.57 | $ | 12.42 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RSF | RSF | 567,248 | 3,359,285 | 4,902,261 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average lease term | 8.0 years | 9.5 years | 32.6 years | (3) | Weighted-average lease term | 11.7 years | 12.7 years | 11.2 years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leasing activity summary (totals): | Leasing activity summary (totals): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New rates | $ | 58.97 | $ | 57.19 | $ | 45.34 | $ | 42.20 | $ | 49.21 | $ | 43.19 | New rates | $58.58 | $55.37 | $67.20 | $61.56 | $69.05 | $62.72 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rentable square footage | 786,925 | 3,189,483 | (4) | 3,390,067 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tenant improvements/leasing commissions | $ | 15.70 | $ | 15.21 | $ | 14.48 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RSF | RSF | 1,662,069 | 6,405,265 | (3) | 9,516,301 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average lease term | 7.1 years | 7.5 years | 15.6 years | Weighted-average lease term | 7.3 years | 9.0 years | 8.8 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lease expirations: (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lease expirations(1) | Lease expirations(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expiring rates | $ | 49.19 | $ | 53.16 | $ | 40.27 | $ | 41.75 | $ | 36.70 | $ | 39.32 | Expiring rates | $44.26 | $46.56 | $40.10 | $40.93 | $41.53 | $43.70 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rentable square footage | 470,165 | 2,228,871 | 2,484,169 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RSF | RSF | 1,436,203 | 4,525,413 | 5,747,192 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leasing activity includes 100% of results for properties managed by us. each property in which we have an investment in North America.
(1)Excludes month-to-month leases aggregating 265,199 RSF and 110,180 RSF as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
(2)Refer to the “Non-GAAP Measures“New Class A development and Definitions”redevelopment properties: summary of pipeline” section within this Item 2 for a descriptionadditional details on total project costs.
(3)During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we granted tenant concessions/free rent averaging 2.5 months with respect to the 6,405,265 RSF leased. Approximately 61% of the basis used to computeleases executed during the measures above.nine months ended September 30, 2022 did not include concessions for free rent.
55 |
Summary of contractual lease expirations
The following table summarizes information with respect to the contractual lease expirations at our properties as of
September 30, 2017:2022:
| Year | RSF | Percentage of Occupied RSF | Annual Rental Revenue (per RSF)(1) | Percentage of Total Annual Rental Revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | (2) | 635,234 | 1.7 | % | $ | 37.69 | 1.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2,992,991 | 7.8 | % | $ | 42.71 | 6.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 4,268,120 | 11.1 | % | $ | 45.19 | 10.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 3,533,031 | 9.2 | % | $ | 47.96 | 8.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2,466,984 | 6.4 | % | $ | 52.09 | 6.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2027 | 2,606,791 | 6.8 | % | $ | 53.57 | 7.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2028 | 3,872,553 | 10.1 | % | $ | 51.17 | 10.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2029 | 2,089,306 | 5.4 | % | $ | 56.52 | 6.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2030 | 2,601,174 | 6.8 | % | $ | 56.65 | 7.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2031 | 3,072,548 | 8.0 | % | $ | 52.66 | 8.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thereafter | 10,323,260 | 26.7 | % | $ | 49.89 | 26.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year | Number of Leases | RSF | Percentage of Occupied RSF | Annual Rental Revenue (per RSF) | Percentage of Total Annual Rental Revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | (1) | 12 | 160,013 | 0.9 | % | $ | 49.71 | 0.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2018 | 105 | 1,349,740 | 7.4 | % | $ | 38.46 | 6.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 84 | 1,419,777 | 7.7 | % | $ | 41.06 | 6.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 104 | 1,861,344 | 10.1 | % | $ | 38.48 | 8.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 85 | 1,665,047 | 9.1 | % | $ | 42.01 | 8.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 72 | 1,325,010 | 7.2 | % | $ | 44.54 | 6.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 40 | 1,703,829 | 9.3 | % | $ | 42.50 | 8.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 29 | 1,349,860 | 7.4 | % | $ | 48.49 | 7.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 18 | 545,918 | 3.0 | % | $ | 50.38 | 3.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 16 | 699,825 | 3.8 | % | $ | 45.68 | 3.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Thereafter | 61 | 6,267,531 | 34.1 | % | $ | 53.27 | 39.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Lease expirations include 100% of the RSF for each property managed by us in North America. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(2)Excludes month-to-month leases aggregating 265,199 RSF as of September 30, 2022.
The following tables present information by market with respect to our lease expirations in North America as of September 30, 2017,2022, for the remainder of 20172022, and for all of 2018:2023:
| 2022 Contractual Lease Expirations (in RSF) | Annual Rental Revenue (per RSF)(3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market | Leased | Negotiating/ Anticipating | Targeted for Future Development/ Redevelopment(1) | Remaining Expiring Leases | Total(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | 22,383 | — | — | 34,758 | 57,141 | $ | 62.22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area | 5,500 | 15,023 | 250,000 | 41,772 | 312,295 | 45.20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New York City | — | — | — | 100 | 100 | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Diego | 70,419 | — | 9,199 | 62,073 | 141,691 | 26.84 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seattle | — | — | — | 22,783 | 22,783 | 29.46 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maryland | 5,720 | — | — | 4,266 | 9,986 | 22.18 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research Triangle | — | — | — | 10,827 | 10,827 | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Texas | — | — | — | — | — | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | — | 36,425 | — | 36,337 | 72,762 | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cluster/other markets | — | — | — | 7,649 | 7,649 | 82.26 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 104,022 | 51,448 | 259,199 | 220,565 | 635,234 | $ | 37.69 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of expiring leases | 16 | % | 8 | % | 41 | % | 35 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 Contractual Lease Expirations (in RSF) | Annual Rental Revenue (per RSF)(4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market | Leased | Negotiating/ Anticipating | Targeted for Future Development/ Redevelopment(1) | Remaining Expiring Leases(4) | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | 49,191 | 148,923 | 323,110 | 430,936 | 952,160 | $ | 53.01 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area | 19,377 | — | — | 351,472 | 370,849 | 56.67 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New York City | — | — | — | 88,272 | 88,272 | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Diego | 82,462 | 22,429 | — | 671,263 | 776,154 | 30.81 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seattle | 7,566 | 7,413 | 18,680 | 328,645 | 362,304 | 24.54 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maryland | — | 139,540 | — | 85,369 | 224,909 | 30.19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research Triangle | 81,956 | — | — | 115,601 | 197,557 | 31.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Texas | — | — | — | — | — | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | — | 13,321 | — | — | 13,321 | 29.99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cluster/other markets | — | — | — | 7,465 | 7,465 | 58.48 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 240,552 | 331,626 | 341,790 | 2,079,023 | 2,992,991 | $ | 42.71 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of expiring leases | 8 | % | 11 | % | 11 | % | 70 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents RSF targeted for future development or redevelopment upon expiration of existing in-place leases primarily related to recently acquired properties with an average contractual lease expiration date of November 12, 2022 and January 8, 2023 for 2022 and 2023, respectively, weighted by annual rental revenue. Refer to “Investments in real estate – value-creation square footage currently in rental properties” in the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for additional details on value-creation square feet currently included in rental properties.
(2)Excludes month-to-month leases aggregating 265,199 RSF as of September 30, 2022.
(3)Represents amounts in effect as of September 30, 2022.
(4)The largest remaining contractual expiration is 111,490 RSF in our Sorrento Mesa submarket.
| 2017 Contractual Lease Expirations | Annual Rental Revenue (per RSF) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Leased | Negotiating/ Anticipating | Targeted for Development/Redevelopment | Remaining Expiring Leases | Total (1) | |||||||||||||||
| Market | |||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | 33,291 | 11,894 | — | 36,506 | 81,691 | $ | 46.78 | ||||||||||||
| San Francisco | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
| New York City | 9,131 | — | — | — | 9,131 | N/A | |||||||||||||
| San Diego | 3,514 | — | — | 24,581 | 28,095 | 37.79 | |||||||||||||
| Seattle | — | — | — | 6,180 | 6,180 | 52.89 | |||||||||||||
| Maryland | 14,141 | — | — | — | 14,141 | 22.27 | |||||||||||||
| Research Triangle Park | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
| Canada | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
| Non-cluster markets | — | — | — | 20,775 | 20,775 | 24.45 | |||||||||||||
| Total | 60,077 | 11,894 | — | 88,042 | 160,013 | $ | 49.71 | ||||||||||||
| Percentage of expiring leases | 38 | % | 7 | % | — | % | 55 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||
| 2018 Contractual Lease Expirations | Annual Rental Revenue (per RSF) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Leased | Negotiating/ Anticipating | Targeted for Development/Redevelopment | Remaining Expiring Leases | Total | |||||||||||||||
| Market | |||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | 23,419 | 57,160 | — | 209,405 | (2) | 289,984 | $ | 58.15 | |||||||||||
| San Francisco | 35,562 | 54,569 | 321,971 | (3) | 73,502 | 485,604 | 35.26 | ||||||||||||
| New York City | — | — | — | 6,821 | 6,821 | N/A | |||||||||||||
| San Diego | 15,741 | 20,220 | — | 274,570 | (4) | 310,531 | 34.04 | ||||||||||||
| Seattle | — | 15,264 | — | — | 15,264 | 43.66 | |||||||||||||
| Maryland | 5,104 | 49,852 | — | 31,986 | 86,942 | 20.45 | |||||||||||||
| Research Triangle Park | — | — | — | 62,760 | 62,760 | 25.94 | |||||||||||||
| Canada | — | 19,992 | — | 60,697 | 80,689 | 21.00 | |||||||||||||
| Non-cluster markets | — | — | — | 11,145 | 11,145 | 26.02 | |||||||||||||
| Total | 79,826 | 217,057 | 321,971 | 730,886 | 1,349,740 | $ | 38.46 | ||||||||||||
| Percentage of expiring leases | 6 | % | 16 | % | 24 | % | 54 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||
| Lease expirations include 100% of the RSF for each property managed by us in North America. Annual rental revenue (per RSF) represents amounts in effect as of September 30, 2017. | |||||||||||||||||||
56
Top 20 tenants
or Publicly Traded Large Cap Tenants(1)
Our properties are leased to a high-quality and diverse group of tenants, with no individual tenant accounting for more than 4.0%3.6% of our annual rental revenue in effect as of September 30, 2017.2022. The following table sets forth information regarding leases with our 20 largest tenants in North America based upon annual rental revenue in effect as of September 30, 20172022 (dollars in thousands)thousands, except average market cap):
Remaining Lease Term(1) (in Years) | Aggregate RSF | Annual Rental Revenue(1) | Percentage of Aggregate Annual Rental Revenue (1) | Investment-Grade Credit Ratings | Average Market Cap(1) (in billions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tenant | Moody’s | S&P | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | 4.5 | 961,883 | $ | 69,687 | 3.6 | % | A2 | A+ | $ | 148.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | Moderna, Inc. | 14.1 | 908,340 | 51,914 | 2.7 | — | — | $ | 75.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | Eli Lilly and Company | 6.4 | 743,267 | 49,676 | 2.6 | A2 | A+ | $ | 268.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | 7.3 | 549,760 | 37,399 | 1.9 | Baa2 | BBB+ | $ | 45.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | Illumina, Inc. | 7.9 | 891,495 | 36,205 | 1.9 | Baa3 | BBB | $ | 47.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | Sanofi | 7.3 | 463,935 | 35,407 | 1.8 | A1 | AA | $ | 125.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 | 2seventy bio, Inc.(2) | 10.9 | 312,805 | 33,617 | 1.7 | — | — | $ | 0.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | Novartis AG | 5.8 | 447,831 | 30,582 | 1.6 | A1 | AA- | $ | 206.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 | TIBCO Software, Inc. | 4.4 | (3) | 292,013 | 28,537 | 1.5 | — | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | Uber Technologies, Inc. | 60.0 | (4) | 1,009,188 | 27,689 | 1.4 | — | — | $ | 64.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 | Roche | 6.8 | 417,011 | 27,186 | 1.4 | Aa2 | AA | $ | 309.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12 | Maxar Technologies | 3.1 | (3) | 478,000 | 22,133 | 1.1 | — | — | $ | 2.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | 6.3 | 257,626 | 21,438 | 1.1 | Aaa | AAA | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14 | Harvard University | 2.3 | (3) | 286,580 | 20,086 | 1.0 | Aaa | AAA | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15 | Boston Children's Hospital | 14.1 | 269,816 | 20,066 | 1.0 | Aa2 | AA | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 16 | United States Government | 7.6 | 315,908 | 19,413 | 1.0 | Aaa | AA+ | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 17 | New York University | 9.1 | 203,500 | 19,241 | 1.0 | Aa2 | AA- | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 18 | Merck & Co., Inc. | 11.6 | 300,930 | 18,913 | 1.0 | A1 | A+ | $ | 212.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 19 | Pfizer Inc. | 2.8 | 416,996 | 17,742 | 0.9 | A2 | A+ | $ | 282.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 20 | Apple, Inc. | 2.6 | 604,382 | 17,512 | 0.9 | Aaa | AA+ | $ | 2,581.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total/weighted-average | 9.7 | (4) | 10,131,266 | $ | 604,443 | 31.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Remaining Lease Term in Years (1) | Aggregate RSF | Annual Rental Revenue (1) | Percentage of Aggregate Annual Rental Revenue (1) | Investment-Grade Ratings | ||||||||||||||||||
| Tenant | Moody’s | S&P | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | Illumina, Inc. | 12.8 | 891,495 | $ | 34,484 | 4.0% | — | BBB | ||||||||||||||
| 2 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. | 12.5 | 386,111 | 30,610 | 3.5 | A1 | A- | |||||||||||||||
| 3 | Eli Lilly and Company | 12.1 | 469,266 | 29,334 | 3.4 | A2 | AA- | |||||||||||||||
| 4 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | 10.2 | 460,050 | 28,758 | 3.3 | A2 | A+ | |||||||||||||||
| 5 | Novartis AG | 9.1 | 377,831 | 28,627 | 3.3 | Aa3 | AA- | |||||||||||||||
| 6 | Sanofi | 10.5 | 446,975 | 25,205 | 2.9 | A1 | AA | |||||||||||||||
| 7 | Uber Technologies, Inc. | 75.2 | (2) | 422,980 | 22,130 | 2.5 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| 8 | New York University | 12.9 | 209,224 | 20,651 | 2.4 | Aa2 | AA- | |||||||||||||||
| 9 | bluebird bio, Inc. | 9.3 | 262,261 | 20,101 | 2.3 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| 10 | Roche | 4.4 | 343,861 | 17,597 | 2.0 | A1 | AA | |||||||||||||||
| 11 | Amgen Inc. | 6.5 | 407,369 | 16,838 | 1.9 | Baa1 | A | |||||||||||||||
| 12 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | 7.7 | 256,126 | 16,729 | 1.9 | Aaa | AAA | |||||||||||||||
| 13 | Celgene Corporation | 5.9 | 360,014 | 15,276 | 1.8 | Baa2 | BBB+ | |||||||||||||||
| 14 | United States Government | 7.8 | 264,358 | 15,007 | 1.7 | Aaa | AA+ | |||||||||||||||
| 15 | FibroGen, Inc. | 6.1 | 234,249 | 14,198 | 1.6 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| 16 | Biogen Inc. | 11.0 | 305,212 | 13,278 | 1.5 | Baa1 | A- | |||||||||||||||
| 17 | Juno Therapeutics, Inc. | 11.5 | 241,276 | 12,619 | 1.5 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| 18 | The Regents of the University of California | 5.9 | 233,527 | 10,733 | 1.2 | Aa2 | AA | |||||||||||||||
| 19 | Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 1.5 | (3) | 141,432 | 9,998 | 1.2 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| 20 | Foundation Medicine, Inc. (4) | 6.4 | 171,446 | 9,910 | 1.1 | — | (4) | — | (4) | |||||||||||||
| Total/weighted average | 13.2 | (5) | 6,885,063 | $ | 392,083 | 45.0% | ||||||||||||||||
Annual rental revenue and RSF include 100% of each property managed by us in North America.
(1)Based on aggregate annual rental revenue in effect as of September 30, 2022. Represents the percentage of our annual rental revenue generated by our top 20 tenants that are also investment-grade or publicly traded large cap tenants. Refer to the definitions of “Annual rental revenue” and “Investment-grade or publicly traded large cap tenants” in the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for our methodologies of calculating annual rental revenue from unconsolidated real estate joint ventures and average market capitalization, respectively.
(2)Represents two leases in our Greater Boston and Seattle markets with in-place cash rents that are 5%–10% below current market. As of June 30, 2022, 2seventy bio, Inc. held $269.9 million of cash and cash equivalents.
(3)Includes leases at recently acquired properties with future development and redevelopment opportunities. The leases with these tenants were in place when we acquired the properties.
(4)Includes (i) ground leases for land at 1455 and 1515 Third Street (two buildings aggregating 422,980 RSF) and (ii) leases at 1655 and 1725 Third Street (two buildings aggregating 586,208 RSF) owned by our unconsolidated real estate joint venture in which we have an ownership interest of 10%. Annual rental revenue is presented using 100% of the annual rental revenue from our consolidated properties and our share of annual rental revenue from our unconsolidated real estate joint ventures. Refer to footnote 1 for additional details. Excluding the ground leases, the weighted-average remaining lease term for our top 20 tenants was 7.4 years as of September 30, 2022.
57
Locations of properties
The locations of our properties are diversified among a number of life science, agtech, and technology cluster markets. The following table sets forth the total RSF, number of properties, and annual rental revenue in effect as of September 30, 2017,2022 in each of our markets in North America of our properties by market (dollars in thousands, except per RSF amounts):
| RSF | Number of Properties | Annual Rental Revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market | Operating | Development | Redevelopment | Total | % of Total | Total | % of Total | Per RSF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | 11,068,440 | 1,625,048 | 1,256,930 | 13,950,418 | 30 | % | 86 | $ | 694,386 | 36 | % | $ | 66.49 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area | 8,348,617 | 230,592 | 300,010 | 8,879,219 | 19 | 67 | 461,017 | 24 | 61.45 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New York City | 1,214,658 | — | 55,361 | 1,270,019 | 3 | 5 | 92,178 | 5 | 78.67 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Diego | 8,022,378 | 219,621 | — | 8,241,999 | 18 | 102 | 320,365 | 16 | 41.96 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seattle | 2,813,803 | 311,631 | 213,976 | 3,339,410 | 7 | 46 | 108,492 | 6 | 39.72 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maryland | 3,434,218 | 282,000 | 116,391 | 3,832,609 | 8 | 50 | 111,300 | 6 | 34.24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research Triangle | 3,534,682 | 328,233 | 376,871 | 4,239,786 | 9 | 42 | 95,844 | 5 | 28.99 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Texas | 1,668,718 | — | 201,499 | 1,870,217 | 4 | 14 | 37,151 | 1 | 28.40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | 577,225 | — | 107,081 | 684,306 | 1 | 8 | 10,916 | — | 20.33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cluster/other markets | 382,960 | — | — | 382,960 | 1 | 11 | 14,981 | 1 | 52.18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| North America | 41,065,699 | 2,997,125 | 2,628,119 | 46,690,943 | 100 | % | 431 | $ | 1,946,630 | 100 | % | $ | 50.99 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5,625,244 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RSF | Number of Properties | Annual Rental Revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market | Operating | Development | Redevelopment | Total | % of Total | Total | % of Total | Per RSF | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | 6,135,551 | 91,155 | 59,173 | 6,285,879 | 30 | % | 53 | $ | 360,005 | 41 | % | $ | 61.19 | ||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco | 3,738,400 | 750,930 | — | 4,489,330 | 22 | 34 | 171,661 | 20 | 45.92 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| New York City | 727,674 | — | — | 727,674 | 4 | 2 | 63,128 | 7 | 86.93 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| San Diego | 3,892,451 | 170,523 | 163,648 | 4,226,622 | 21 | 52 | 137,174 | 16 | 38.16 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Seattle | 1,006,705 | 31,215 | — | 1,037,920 | 5 | 11 | 47,671 | 5 | 48.21 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Maryland | 2,085,196 | — | 45,039 | 2,130,235 | 10 | 29 | 50,706 | 6 | 25.99 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Research Triangle Park | 1,043,726 | — | 175,000 | 1,218,726 | 6 | 16 | 25,371 | 3 | 24.77 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | 256,967 | — | — | 256,967 | 1 | 3 | 6,562 | 1 | 25.75 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cluster markets | 268,689 | — | — | 268,689 | 1 | 6 | 6,060 | 1 | 25.46 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| North America | 19,155,359 | 1,043,823 | 442,860 | 20,642,042 | 100 | % | 206 | $ | 868,338 | 100 | % | $ | 47.19 | ||||||||||||||||
Summary of occupancy percentages in North America
The following table sets forth the occupancy percentages for our operating assetsproperties and our assets underoperating and redevelopment properties in each of our North America markets, excluding properties held for sale, as of the following dates:
| Operating Properties | Operating and Redevelopment Properties | Operating Properties | Operating and Redevelopment Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market | 9/30/17 | 6/30/17 | 9/30/16 | 9/30/17 | 6/30/17 | 9/30/16 | Market | 9/30/22 | 6/30/22 | 9/30/21 | 9/30/22 | 6/30/22 | 9/30/21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | 95.9 | % | 96.2 | % | 98.3 | % | 95.0 | % | 96.2 | % | 98.3 | % | Greater Boston | 94.4 | % | 95.0 | % | 94.3 | % | 84.7 | % | 84.7 | % | 86.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco | 100.0 | 99.6 | 99.8 | 100.0 | 99.6 | 99.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area | San Francisco Bay Area | 96.2 | 95.8 | 94.5 | 92.8 | 92.6 | 94.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New York City | 99.8 | 99.3 | 95.0 | 99.8 | 99.3 | 95.0 | New York City | 96.5 | (1) | 97.3 | 98.3 | 92.3 | 92.2 | 90.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Diego | 92.4 | (1) | 91.7 | 93.0 | 88.6 | 88.0 | 81.1 | San Diego | 95.2 | (2) | 96.3 | 93.9 | 95.2 | 96.3 | 92.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seattle | 98.2 | 97.2 | 98.4 | 98.2 | 97.2 | 98.4 | Seattle | 97.1 | 97.2 | 96.2 | 90.2 | 90.4 | 89.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maryland | 93.6 | 93.0 | 97.4 | 91.6 | 93.0 | 97.4 | Maryland | 95.4 | (3) | 97.6 | 99.7 | 92.3 | 94.2 | 91.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research Triangle Park | 98.1 | 95.9 | 98.7 | 84.0 | 82.1 | 98.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research Triangle | Research Triangle | 93.5 | 93.5 | 94.1 | 84.5 | 84.5 | 85.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Texas | Texas | 78.4 | 78.4 | N/A | 69.9 | 69.9 | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 96.1 | 95.7 | 97.3 | 93.9 | 94.0 | 94.4 | Subtotal | 94.5 | 95.1 | 95.0 | 88.9 | 89.3 | 90.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | 99.2 | 99.2 | 99.3 | 99.2 | 99.2 | 99.3 | Canada | 93.0 | 76.8 | 82.8 | 78.5 | 76.8 | 82.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cluster markets | 88.6 | 88.4 | 88.2 | 88.6 | 88.4 | 88.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cluster/other markets | Non-cluster/other markets | 75.0 | 76.7 | 76.2 | 75.0 | 76.7 | 76.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| North America | 96.1 | % | 95.7 | % | 97.1 | % | 93.9 | % | 94.0 | % | 94.4 | % | North America | 94.3 | % | (4) | 94.6 | % | 94.4 | % | 88.6 | % | 89.0 | % | 89.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(2)Decline in occupancy primarily related to temporary vacancy of 88,274 RSF at one property managed by usin our Sorrento Mesa submarket. This space is leased to a large cap tenant with occupancy expected to commence in the first half of 2023.
(3)Decline in occupancy primarily related to temporary vacancy of 68,573 RSF at one property in our Beltsville submarket. This space is partially leased with occupancy expected to commence in the first quarter of 2023.
(4)Includes 1.7 million RSF, or 4.1%, of vacancy at recently acquired properties (noted below) representing lease-up opportunities that are expected to generate incremental annual rental revenue. Approximately 34% of the vacant 1.7 million RSF is currently leased/negotiating. Additionally, approximately 15% of the vacant 1.7 million RSF represents spaces, spread across multiple recently acquired properties, that are expected to be converted to office/laboratory space in the future. We expect to deliver 36% of the 1.7 million RSF over the next three quarters. Excluding recently acquired vacancies, occupancy of operating properties in North America.America was 98.4% as of September 30, 2022. The following table provides vacancy detail for our recent acquisitions:
| As of September 30, 2022 | Percentage of Vacant RSF Leased/Negotiating | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vacant RSF | Operating Properties Occupancy Impact | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property | Market/Submarket | Region | North America | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 275 Grove Street | Greater Boston/Route 128 | 173,033 | 1.6 | % | 0.4 | % | — | % | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intersection Campus | Texas/Austin | 159,433 | 9.6 | % | 0.4 | 100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Durham | Research Triangle/Research Triangle | 128,387 | 3.6 | % | 0.3 | 62 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 601 and 611 Gateway Boulevard | San Francisco Bay Area/South San Francisco | 114,680 | 1.4 | % | 0.3 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Fenway | Greater Boston/Fenway | 89,458 | 0.8 | % | 0.2 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other acquisitions | Various | 1,010,833 | N/A | 2.5 | 27 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1,675,824 | 4.1 | % | 34 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(5)We are evaluating options to develop or redevelop this space for office/laboratory space in the future.
58
Investments in real estate
A key component of our business model is our disciplined allocation of capital to the development and redevelopment of new Class A properties located in world-class collaborative life science, agtech, and technology campuses in AAA urban innovation clusters. These projects are focused on providing high-quality, generic, and reusable spaces that meet the real estate requirements of, and are reusable by, a wide range of tenants. Upon completion, each value-creation project is expected to generate a significant increase in rental income, net operating income, and cash flows. Our development and redevelopment projects are generally in locations that are highly desirable to high-quality entities, which we believe results in higher occupancy levels, longer lease terms, higher rental income, higher returns, and greater long-term asset values.value. Our pre-construction activities are undertaken in order to getprepare the property ready for its intended use and include suchentitlements, permitting, design, site work, and other activities as developing plans or obtaining permits. preceding commencement of construction of aboveground building improvements.
Our investments in real estate consisted of the following as of September 30, 20172022 (dollars in thousands):
| Development and Redevelopment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating | Under Construction | Near Term | Intermediate Term | Future | Subtotal | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in real estate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross book value as of September 30, 2022(1) | $ | 24,552,318 | $ | 3,886,783 | $ | 1,766,604 | $ | 688,971 | $ | 2,010,240 | $ | 8,352,598 | $ | 32,904,916 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Square footage | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating | 41,065,699 | — | — | — | — | — | 41,065,699 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New Class A development and redevelopment properties | — | 5,625,244 | 7,158,947 | (2) | 3,825,041 | 21,296,252 | 37,905,484 | 37,905,484 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Value-creation square feet currently included in rental properties(3) | — | — | (1,049,483) | (9,199) | (3,461,583) | (4,520,265) | (4,520,265) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total square footage | 41,065,699 | 5,625,244 | 6,109,464 | 3,815,842 | 17,834,669 | 33,385,219 | 74,450,918 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Balances exclude accumulated depreciation and our share of the cost basis associated with our properties held by our unconsolidated real estate joint ventures, which is classified as investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures in our consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Includes 2.0 million RSF currently 88% leased and expected to commence construction in the next five quarters. Refer to “New Class A development and redevelopment properties: current projects” within this Item 2 for additional details.
(3)Refer to “Investments in real estate – value-creation square footage currently in rental properties” in the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for additional details on value-creation square feet currently included in rental properties.
59
| Investments in Real Estate | Square Feet | |||||||||||
| Consolidated | Unconsolidated (1) | Total | ||||||||||
| Investments in real estate: | ||||||||||||
| Rental properties | $ | 10,387,875 | 18,944,650 | 210,709 | 19,155,359 | |||||||
| Development and redevelopment of new Class A properties: | ||||||||||||
| Undergoing construction | ||||||||||||
| Development projects – target delivery in 2017 | 466,047 | 651,738 | — | 651,738 | ||||||||
| Development projects – target delivery in 2018 and 2019 | 143,038 | 392,085 | — | 392,085 | ||||||||
| 1,043,823 | — | 1,043,823 | ||||||||||
| Redevelopment projects – target delivery in 2018 and 2019 | 59,224 | 442,860 | — | 442,860 | ||||||||
| 20,431,333 | 210,709 | 20,642,042 | ||||||||||
| Near-term projects undergoing marketing and pre-construction: target delivery in 2018 and 2019 | 114,954 | 1,148,000 | — | 1,148,000 | ||||||||
| Intermediate-term development projects | 333,870 | 3,263,653 | — | 3,263,653 | ||||||||
| Future development projects | 289,314 | 3,981,362 | — | 3,981,362 | ||||||||
Portion of developable square feet that will replace existing RSF included in rental properties (2) | N/A | (451,310 | ) | — | (451,310 | ) | ||||||
| 7,941,705 | — | 7,941,705 | ||||||||||
| Gross investments in real estate | 11,794,322 | 28,373,038 | 210,709 | 28,583,747 | ||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | (1,785,115 | ) | ||||||||||
| Net investments in real estate – North America | 10,009,207 | |||||||||||
| Net investments in real estate – Asia | 37,314 | |||||||||||
| Investments in real estate | $ | 10,046,521 | ||||||||||
Acquisitions
Our real estate asset acquisitions duringfor the nine months ended September 30, 2017, consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
| Property | Submarket/Market | Date of Purchase | Number of Properties | Anticipated Use | Occupancy | Square Footage | Purchase Price | |||||||||||||||||||
| Operating | Redevelopment | Future Development | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First half of 2017 acquisitions: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 325 Binney Street | Cambridge/Greater Boston | 3/29/17 | — | Office/lab, residential | N/A | — | — | 208,965 | $ | 80,250 | ||||||||||||||||
| 88 Bluxome Street | Mission Bay/SoMa/San Francisco | 1/10/17 | 1 | Office/lab | 100% | 232,470 | — | 1,070,925 | 130,000 | |||||||||||||||||
| 960 Industrial Road | Greater Stanford/San Francisco | 5/17/17 | 1 | Office/lab | 100% | 195,000 | — | 500,000 | 64,959 | |||||||||||||||||
| 825 and 835 Industrial Road | Greater Stanford/San Francisco | 6/1/17 | — | Office/lab | N/A | — | — | 530,000 | 85,000 | |||||||||||||||||
1450 Page Mill Road (1) | Greater Stanford/San Francisco | 6/1/17 | 1 | Office | 100% | 77,634 | — | — | 85,300 | |||||||||||||||||
| 3050 Callan Road and Vista Wateridge | Torrey Pines/Sorrento Mesa/ San Diego | 3/24/17 | — | Office/lab | N/A | — | — | 229,000 | 8,250 | |||||||||||||||||
| 5 Laboratory Drive | Research Triangle Park/RTP | 5/25/17 | 1 | Office/lab | N/A | — | 175,000 | — | 8,750 | |||||||||||||||||
| 4 | 505,104 | 175,000 | 2,538,890 | 462,509 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Third quarter of 2017 acquisitions: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 266 and 275 Second Avenue | Route 128/Greater Boston | 7/11/17 | 2 | Office/lab | 100% | 144,584 | 59,173 | — | 71,000 | |||||||||||||||||
| 201 Haskins Way | South San Francisco/ San Francisco | 9/11/17 | 1 | Office/lab | 100% | 23,840 | — | 280,000 | 33,000 | |||||||||||||||||
| 9900 Medical Center Drive | Rockville/Maryland | 8/4/17 | 1 | Office/lab | N/A | — | 45,039 | — | 6,700 | |||||||||||||||||
| 4 | 168,424 | 104,212 | 280,000 | 110,700 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pending: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1455 and 1515 Third Street (acquisition of remaining 49% interest) | Mission Bay/SoMa/San Francisco | 11/10/16 | 2 | Ground lease | 100% | 422,980 | — | — | 37,800 | (2) | ||||||||||||||||
| Other | 60,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 279,212 | 2,818,890 | $ | 671,009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property | Submarket/Market | Date of Purchase | Number of Properties | Operating Occupancy | Square Footage | Purchase Price | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisitions With Development and Redevelopment Opportunities(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Future Development | Operating With Future Development/ Redevelopment | Operating(2) | Operating | Total(3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
One Hampshire Street(4) | Cambridge/Inner Suburbs/Greater Boston | 6/23/22 | 1 | 100% | — | 88,591 | — | — | 88,591 | $ | 140,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100 Edwin H. Land Boulevard | Cambridge/Inner Suburbs/Greater Boston | 8/1/22 | 1 | 100 | TBD | 104,500 | — | — | 104,500 | 170,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 421 Park Drive | Fenway/Greater Boston | 1/13/22 | — | N/A | 202,997 | (5) | — | — | — | 202,997 | 81,119 | (5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 225 and 235 Presidential Way | Route 128/Greater Boston | 1/28/22 | 2 | 100 | — | 440,130 | — | — | 440,130 | 124,673 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1150 El Camino Real | South San Francisco/ San Francisco Bay Area | 2/8/22 | 1 | 99 | 610,000 | 431,940 | 70,000 | — | 680,000 | 118,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3301, 3303, 3305, and 3307 Hillview Avenue | Greater Stanford/ San Francisco Bay Area | 1/6/22 | 4 | 100 | — | 292,013 | — | — | 292,013 | 446,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Costa Verde by Alexandria | University Town Center/ San Diego | 1/11/22 | 2 | 100 | 537,000 | 8,730 | — | — | 545,730 | 125,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10010 and 10140 Campus Point Drive and 4275 Campus Point Court | University Town Center/ San Diego | 9/29/22 | 3 | 100 | 750,000 | 226,144 | — | — | 750,000 | 106,380 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 800 Mercer Street (60% interest in consolidated JV) | Lake Union/Seattle | 3/18/22 | — | N/A | 869,000 | — | — | — | 869,000 | 87,608 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Durham | Research Triangle/ Research Triangle | 1/11/22 | — | N/A | 1,175,000 | — | — | — | 1,175,000 | 99,428 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
104 and 108/110/112/114 TW Alexander Drive, 2752 East NC Highway 54, and 10 South Triangle Drive(6) | Research Triangle/ Research Triangle | 1/6/22 | 4 | 89 | 750,000 | 69,485 | — | — | 819,485 | 80,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intersection Campus | Austin/Texas | 2/18/22 | 9 | 81 | — | 998,099 | — | — | 998,099 | 400,400 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | Various | Various | 12 | 91 | 1,644,994 | 646,132 | 381,760 | — | 2,634,686 | 458,984 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 39 | 92 | % | 6,538,991 | 3,305,764 | 451,760 | — | 9,600,231 | $ | 2,437,592 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)We expect to provide total estimated costs and related yields for development and redevelopment projects in the future, subsequent to the commencement of construction.
(2)Represents the operating component of our value-creation acquisitions that is not expected to undergo future development or redevelopment.
(3)Represents total square footage upon completion of development or redevelopment of one or more new Class A properties. Square footage presented includes RSF of buildings currently in operations with future development or redevelopment opportunities. Refer to the definition of “Investments in real estate – value-creation square footage currently in rental properties” in the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for additional information.
(4)Represents the acquisition of a condominium interest in two floors of a seven-story building.
(5)Represents the incremental purchase price related to the achievement of additional entitlement rights aggregating 202,997 SF at our Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Fenway mega campus.
(6)Includes the acquisition of fee simple interests in the land underlying our recently acquired 108/110/112/114 TW Alexander Drive buildings, which were previously subject to ground leases.
60
Net Operating Income (1) | Net Operating Income (Cash Basis) (1) | Contractual Sales Price | Gain | |||||||||||||||||||
| Property/Market/Submarket | Date of Sale | RSF | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 6146 Nancy Ridge Drive/San Diego/Sorrento Mesa | 1/6/17 | 21,940 | N/A | N/A | $ | 3,000 | $ | 270 | ||||||||||||||
1401/1413 Research Boulevard/Maryland/Rockville (2) | 5/17/17 | 90,000 | N/A | N/A | 7,937 | 111 | ||||||||||||||||
360 Longwood Avenue/Greater Boston/Longwood Medical Area (3) | 7/6/17 | 203,090 | $ | 4,313 | $ | 4,168 | 65,701 | 14,106 | ||||||||||||||
| $ | 76,638 | $ | 14,487 | |||||||||||||||||||
Dispositions and sales of partial interests
Our completed dispositions of ground-upand sales of partial interests in real estate assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 consisted of the following (dollars in thousands, except for sales price per RSF):
| Capitalization Rate (Cash Basis) | Sales Price per RSF | Gain or Consideration in Excess of Book Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property | Submarket/Market | Date of Sale | Interest Sold | RSF | Capitalization Rate | Sales Price | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100 Binney Street | Cambridge/Inner Suburbs/Greater Boston | 3/30/22 | 70 | % | 432,931 | 3.6 | % | 3.5 | % | $ | 713,228 | (1) | $ | 2,353 | $ | 413,615 | (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 300 Third Street | Cambridge/Inner Suburbs/Greater Boston | 6/27/22 | 70 | % | 131,963 | 4.6 | % | 4.3 | % | 166,485 | (1) | $ | 1,802 | 113,020 | (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Park at 128, 285 Bear Hill Road, 111 and 130 Forbes Boulevard, and 20 Walkup Drive | Route 128 and Route 495/Greater Boston | 6/8/22 | 100 | % | 617,043 | 5.1 | % | 5.1 | % | 334,397 | $ | 542 | 202,325 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1450 Owens Street | Mission Bay/San Francisco Bay Area | 7/1/22 | 20 | % | (3) | 191,000 | N/A | N/A | 25,039 | (1) | N/A | 10,083 | (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 341 and 343 Oyster Point Boulevard, 7000 Shoreline Court, and Shoreway Science Center | South San Francisco and Greater Stanford/San Francisco Bay Area | 9/15/22 | 100 | % | 330,379 | 5.2% | 5.2% | 383,635 | $ | 1,161 | 223,127 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3215 Merryfield Row | Torrey Pines/San Diego | 9/1/22 | 70 | % | 170,523 | 4.5% | 4.2% | 149,940 | (1) | $ | 1,256 | 42,214 | (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summers Ridge Science Park | Sorrento Mesa/San Diego | 9/15/22 | 70 | % | 316,531 | 4.9% | 4.6% | 159,600 | (1) | $ | 720 | 65,097 | (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7330 and 7360 Carroll Road | Sorrento Mesa/San Diego | 9/15/22 | 100 | % | 84,442 | 4.4% | 4.6% | 59,476 | $ | 704 | 35,463 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13112 Evening Creek Drive | Other/San Diego | 9/26/22 | 100 | % | 109,780 | 5.3% | 5.3% | 55,500 | $ | 506 | 31,001 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | Various | N/A | N/A | 174,996 | N/A | 46,002 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 2,222,296 | $ | 1,181,947 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents the contractual sales price for the percentage interest of the property sold by us.
(2)We retained control over the newly formed real estate joint venture and therefore continue to consolidate this property. We accounted for the difference between the consideration received and the book value of the interest sold as an equity transaction, with no gain or loss recognized in earnings.
(3)Relates to the sale of a partial interest in a land parcel. The noncontrolling interest share of our joint venture partner is anticipated to increase to 75% as our partner contributes capital for construction over time. As of September 30, 2022, the noncontrolling interest share of our joint venture partner was 34.5%.
61
New Class A development and redevelopment properties
Projected Incremental Net Operating Income Primarily Commencing From the Fourth Quarter of 2022 Through the Third Quarter of 2025 | ||
| $645 Million | ||
7.6 million RSF(1) | ||
| 78% Leased | ||
As of September 30, 2022.
(1)Represents projects under construction aggregating 5.6 million RSF and seven near term projects, aggregating 2.0 million RSF, expected to commence construction during the next five quarters.
62
New Class A properties placed into service in the last 12 months
development and redevelopment properties: recent deliveries
| 825 and | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston/ Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | Greater Boston/ Fenway | San South San Francisco | San Greater Stanford | |||||||||||||||||||
| 100% Occupancy | 100% Occupancy | 100% Occupancy | 100% Occupancy | |||||||||||||||||||
 |  | |||||||||||||||||||||
  |  |  |   | |||||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area/ Greater Stanford | New York City/New York City | San Diego/ | San Diego/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100% Occupancy | 93% Occupancy | 100% Occupancy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |  |  |  | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
63
New Class A development and redevelopment properties: recent deliveries (continued)
| 5505 Morehouse Drive | 9601 and | |||||||||||||||||||
| San Diego/Sorrento Mesa | Maryland/Rockville | Maryland/Rockville | Maryland/Gaithersburg | |||||||||||||||||
| 79,945 RSF | 17,378 RSF | 84,264 RSF | 42,692 RSF | |||||||||||||||||
| 100% Occupancy | 100% Occupancy | 100% Occupancy | 100% Occupancy | |||||||||||||||||
 |  |  |  | |||||||||||||||||
2400 Ellis Road, 40 and 41 Moore Drive, and | 5 and 9 Laboratory Drive(2) | 8 and 10 Davis Drive(3) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Research Triangle/Research Triangle | Research Triangle/Research Triangle | Research Triangle/Research Triangle | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 326,445 RSF | 280,205 RSF | 250,000 RSF | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 100% Occupancy | 100% Occupancy | 94% Occupancy | ||||||||||||||||||||
  |   |  |   | |||||||||||||||||||
(2)Image represents 9 Laboratory Drive in our Alexandria Center® for AgTech campus.
64
New Class A development and redevelopment of new Class A properties placed into service in the last 12 monthsproperties: recent deliveries (continued)
The following table presents value-creation development and redevelopment of new Class A properties placed into service during the 12three months ended September 30, 20172022 (dollars in thousands):
Deliveries in 3Q22 commenced $30 million in net operating income
| Property/Market/Submarket | 3Q22 Delivery Date(1) | Our Ownership Interest | RSF Placed in Service | Occupancy Percentage(2) | Total Project | Unlevered Yields | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior to 1/1/22 | 1Q22 | 2Q22 | 3Q22 | Total | Initial Stabilized | Initial Stabilized (Cash Basis) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RSF | Investment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Development projects | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 201 Brookline Avenue/Greater Boston/Fenway | 9/2/22 | 98.8% | — | — | — | 261,990 | 261,990 | 100% | 510,116 | $ | 734,000 | 7.2 | % | 6.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 201 Haskins Way/San Francisco Bay Area/ South San Francisco | N/A | 100% | 270,879 | 52,311 | — | — | 323,190 | 100% | 323,190 | 367,000 | 6.3 | 6.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 825 and 835 Industrial Road/San Francisco Bay Area/Greater Stanford | N/A | 100% | 476,211 | 49,918 | — | — | 526,129 | 100% | 526,129 | 631,000 | 6.7 | 6.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3115 Merryfield Row/San Diego/Torrey Pines | N/A | 100% | — | 146,456 | — | — | 146,456 | 93% | 146,456 | 150,000 | 6.3 | 6.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10055 Barnes Canyon Road/San Diego/ Sorrento Mesa | 8/11/22 | 50% | — | — | 110,454 | 9,473 | 119,927 | 100% | 195,435 | 181,000 | 7.2 | 6.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9950 Medical Center Drive/Maryland/Rockville | N/A | 100% | — | 84,264 | — | — | 84,264 | 100% | 84,264 | 57,000 | 8.9 | 7.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 and 9 Laboratory Drive/Research Triangle/Research Triangle | 7/6/22 | 100% | 267,509 | 11,211 | — | 1,485 | 280,205 | 100% | 340,400 | 216,000 | 7.2 | 7.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 and 10 Davis Drive/Research Triangle/ Research Triangle | N/A | 100% | 65,247 | 44,980 | 139,773 | — | 250,000 | 94% | 250,000 | 159,000 | 7.6 | 7.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redevelopment projects | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Arsenal on the Charles/Greater Boston/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 9/13/22 | 100% | 137,111 | 99,796 | 50,663 | 43,351 | 330,921 | 100% | 872,665 | 831,000 | 6.3 | 5.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3160 Porter Drive/San Francisco Bay Area/ Greater Stanford | N/A | 100% | 57,696 | 34,604 | — | — | 92,300 | 83% | 92,300 | 117,000 | 4.6 | 4.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-02 48th Avenue/New York City/New York City | 8/5/22 | 100% | 41,848 | 11,092 | 18,689 | 10,197 | 81,826 | 100% | 179,100 | 224,000 | 5.8 | 5.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5505 Morehouse Drive/San Diego/Sorrento Mesa | N/A | 100% | 28,324 | — | 51,621 | — | 79,945 | 100% | 79,945 | 68,000 | 7.1 | 7.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9601 and 9603 Medical Center Drive/Maryland/Rockville | N/A | 100% | 17,378 | — | — | — | 17,378 | 100% | 95,911 | 54,000 | 8.4 | 7.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 20400 Century Boulevard/Maryland/Gaithersburg | 9/1/22 | 100% | — | 32,033 | 4,194 | 6,465 | 42,692 | 100% | 80,550 | 35,000 | 8.5 | 8.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2400 Ellis Road, 40 and 41 Moore Drive, and 14 TW Alexander Drive/Research Triangle/Research Triangle | N/A | 100% | 326,445 | — | — | — | 326,445 | 100% | 703,316 | 337,000 | 7.5 | 6.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 9/1/22 | 1,688,648 | 566,665 | 375,394 | 332,961 | 2,963,668 | 4,479,777 | $ | 4,161,000 | 6.8 | % | 6.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents the average delivery date for deliveries that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2022, weighted by annual rental revenue.
(2)Relates to total operating RSF placed in service as of the most recent delivery.
65
| Property/Market/Submarket | Our Ownership Interest | Date Delivered | RSF in Service | Total Project | Unlevered Yields (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior to 10/1/16 | Placed into Service | Total | Average Cash | Initial Stabilized Cash Basis | Initial Stabilized | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4Q16 | 1Q17 | 2Q17 | 3Q17 | Leased | RSF | Investment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated development projects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100 Binney Street/Greater Boston/Cambridge | 100% | 9/21/17 | — | — | — | — | 341,776 | 341,776 | 100% | 432,931 | $ | 439,000 | (2) | 8.5 | % | (2) | 7.4 | % | (2) | 8.2 | % | (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
1455 and 1515 Third Street/ San Francisco/Mission Bay/SoMa | 100% | 11/10/16 | — | 422,980 | — | — | — | 422,980 | 100% | 422,980 | $ | 155,000 | 14.5 | % | 7.0 | % | 14.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ARE Spectrum/San Diego/ Torrey Pines | 100% | Various | 102,938 | — | 31,336 | 31,664 | — | 165,938 | 98% | 336,461 | $ | 278,000 | 6.9 | % | 6.1 | % | 6.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5200 Illumina Way, Parking Structure/San Diego/ University Town Center | 100% | 5/15/17 | — | — | — | N/A | — | N/A | 100% | N/A | $ | 60,000 | 7.0 | % | 7.0 | % | 7.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4796 Executive Drive/ San Diego/ University Town Center | 100% | 12/1/16 | — | 61,755 | — | — | — | 61,755 | 100% | 61,755 | $ | 41,000 | 8.0 | % | 7.0 | % | 7.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
400 Dexter Avenue North/Seattle/ Lake Union | 100% | Various | — | — | 241,276 | — | 17,620 | 258,896 | 89% | 290,111 | $ | 232,000 | 7.3 | % | 6.9 | % | 7.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated redevelopment projects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10290 Campus Point Drive/ San Diego/ University Town Center | 55% | 12/2/16 | — | 305,006 | — | — | — | 305,006 | 100% | 305,006 | $ | 231,000 | 7.7 | % | 6.8 | % | 7.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unconsolidated joint venture development project | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
360 Longwood Avenue/ Greater Boston/ Longwood Medical Area (3) | 27.5% | Various | 313,407 | 100,392 | — | — | — | 413,799 | 80% | 413,799 | (3) | $ | 108,965 | 8.2 | % | 7.3 | % | 7.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 416,345 | 890,133 | 272,612 | 31,664 | 359,396 | 1,970,150 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unlevered Yields | ||||||||||||||
| Investment | Average Cash | Initial Stabilized Cash Basis | Initial Stabilized | |||||||||||
| Final | $ | 439,000 | 8.5 | % | 7.4 | % | 8.2 | % | ||||||
| Original | $ | 535,000 | 7.9 | % | 7.0 | % | 7.7 | % | ||||||
current projects
 |  |  | | |||
| Project RSF | Percentage | Occupancy | |||||||||||||||||||
| Property/Market/Submarket | In Service | CIP | Total | Leased | Negotiating | Total | Initial | Stabilized | |||||||||||||
| ARE Spectrum/San Diego/Torrey Pines | 165,938 | 170,523 | 336,461 | 98 | % | — | % | 98 | % | 1Q17 | 4Q17 | ||||||||||
| 400 Dexter Avenue North/Seattle/Lake Union | 258,896 | 31,215 | 290,111 | 89 | % | 11 | % | 100 | % | 1Q17 | 4Q17 | ||||||||||
| 510 Townsend Street/San Francisco/Mission Bay/SoMa | — | 300,000 | 300,000 | 100 | % | — | % | 100 | % | 4Q17 | 4Q17 | ||||||||||
| 505 Brannan Street, Phase I/San Francisco/Mission Bay/SoMa | — | 150,000 | 150,000 | 100 | % | — | % | 100 | % | 4Q17 | 4Q17 | ||||||||||
| Total | 424,834 | 651,738 | 1,076,572 | 97 | % | 2 | % | 99 | % | ||||||||||||
| Unlevered Yields | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property/Market/Submarket | Our Ownership Interest | Cost to Complete | Total at Completion | Average Cash | Initial Stabilized Cash Basis | Initial Stabilized | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In Service | CIP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ARE Spectrum/San Diego/Torrey Pines | 100% | $ | 103,170 | $ | 143,149 | $ | 31,681 | $ | 278,000 | 6.9 | % | 6.1 | % | 6.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| 400 Dexter Avenue North/Seattle/Lake Union | 100% | 188,919 | 19,243 | 23,838 | 232,000 | 7.3 | % | 6.9 | % | 7.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 510 Townsend Street/San Francisco/Mission Bay/SoMa | 100% | — | 187,133 | 50,867 | 238,000 | 7.9 | % | 7.0 | % | 7.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 505 Brannan Street, Phase I/San Francisco/Mission Bay/SoMa | 99.7% | — | 116,522 | 24,478 | 141,000 | 8.6 | % | 7.0 | % | 8.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 292,089 | $ | 466,047 | $ | 130,864 | $ | 889,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 99 Coolidge Avenue | 500 North Beacon Street and 4 Kingsbury Avenue(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston/ Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | Greater Boston/ Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
  |   |   |   |  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15 Necco Street | 40, 50, and 60 Sylvan Road(2) | 840 Winter Street | 651 Gateway Boulevard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston/Fenway | Greater Boston/ Seaport Innovation District | Greater Boston/Route 128 | Greater Boston/Route 128 | San South San Francisco | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |   |   |   |   | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(2)Image represents 50 Sylvan Road in our Reservoir Woods campus.
66
New Class A properties: 2018 and 2019 deliveries (projects undergoing construction, and near-term projects undergoing marketing and pre-construction) (continued)
| Property/Market/Submarket | Dev/Redev | Project RSF | Percentage | Project Start (1) | Occupancy (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| In Service | CIP | Total | Leased | Negotiating | Total | Initial | Stabilized | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Developments under construction | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100 Binney Street/Greater Boston/Cambridge | Dev | 341,776 | 91,155 | 432,931 | 100 | % | — | % | 100 | % | 3Q15 | 3Q17 | 1Q18 | |||||||||||||||
| 213 East Grand Avenue/San Francisco/South San Francisco | Dev | — | 300,930 | 300,930 | 100 | % | — | % | 100 | % | 2Q17 | 1Q19 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| 341,776 | 392,085 | 733,861 | 100 | % | — | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Redevelopments under construction | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 266 and 275 Second Avenue/Greater Boston/Route 128 | Redev | 144,584 | 59,173 | 203,757 | 84 | % | — | % | 84 | % | 3Q17 | 2Q18 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| 5 Laboratory Drive/Research Triangle Park/RTP | Redev | — | 175,000 | 175,000 | — | % | 39 | % | 39 | % | 2Q17 | 3Q18 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| 9625 Towne Centre Drive/San Diego/University Town Center | Redev | — | 163,648 | 163,648 | 100 | % | — | % | 100 | % | 3Q15 | 4Q18 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| 9900 Medical Center Drive/Maryland/Rockville | Redev | — | 45,039 | 45,039 | — | % | — | % | — | % | 3Q17 | 2Q18 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| 144,584 | 442,860 | 587,444 | 57 | % | 12 | % | 69 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Near-term projects undergoing marketing and pre-construction | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 399 Binney Street/Greater Boston/Cambridge | Dev | — | 164,000 | 164,000 | — | % | 73 | % | (2) | 73 | % | 4Q17 | 4Q18 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
1655 and 1715 Third Street/San Francisco/Mission Bay/SoMa (3) | Dev | — | 580,000 | 580,000 | 100 | % | (3) | — | % | 100 | % | 2Q18 | 2019 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| 279 East Grand Avenue/San Francisco/South San Francisco | Dev | — | 199,000 | 199,000 | TBD | TBD | 2019 | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1818 Fairview Avenue East/Seattle/Lake Union | Dev | — | 205,000 | 205,000 | TBD | 2019 | TBD | |||||||||||||||||||||
681 Gateway Boulevard/San Francisco/South San Francisco (4) | Redev | 126,971 | — | 126,971 | 4Q18 | 2019 | TBD | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 126,971 | 1,148,000 | 1,274,971 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Our Ownership Interest | Unlevered Yields | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property/Market/Submarket | In Service | CIP | Cost to Complete | Total at Completion | Average Cash | Initial Stabilized Cash Basis | Initial Stabilized | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developments under construction | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100 Binney Street/Greater Boston/Cambridge | 100% | $ | 280,163 | $ | 70,143 | $ | 88,694 | $ | 439,000 | (5) | 8.5 | % | (5) | 7.4 | % | (5) | 8.2 | % | (5) | |||||||||||||||||
| 213 East Grand Avenue/San Francisco/South San Francisco | 100% | — | 72,895 | 187,105 | 260,000 | 7.8 | % | 6.4 | % | 7.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 280,163 | $ | 143,038 | $ | 275,799 | $ | 699,000 | 8.2 | % | 7.0 | % | 7.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redevelopments under construction | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 266 and 275 Second Avenue/Greater Boston/Route 128 | $ | 60,596 | $ | 9,646 | TBD | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Laboratory Drive/Research Triangle Park/RTP | 100% | — | 10,461 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9625 Towne Centre Drive/San Diego/University Town Center | 100% | — | 31,880 | $ | 61,120 | $ | 93,000 | 7.9 | % | 7.0 | % | 7.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9900 Medical Center Drive/Maryland/Rockville | 100% | — | 7,237 | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100% | $ | 60,596 | $ | 59,224 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Near-term projects undergoing marketing and pre-construction (6) | Various | $ | — | $ | 114,954 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(continued)
| 1150 Eastlake Avenue East | 9810 Darnestown Road | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San South San Francisco | New York City/ | San Diego/Sorrento Mesa | Seattle/Lake Union | Maryland/Rockville | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 230,592 RSF | 55,361 RSF | 75,508 RSF | 311,631 RSF | 192,000 RSF | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100% Leased | 80% Leased/Negotiating | 100% Leased | 89% Leased/Negotiating | 100% Leased | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
  |  |  |   |   | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9601 and 9603 Medical Center Drive | 2400 Ellis Road, 40 and 41 Moore Drive, and 14 TW Alexander Drive(1) | 4 Davis Drive | 6040 George Watts Hill Drive, Phase II | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research Triangle/Research Triangle | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 90,000 RSF | 78,533 RSF | 376,871 RSF | 180,000 RSF | 88,038 RSF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 38% Leased/Negotiating | 100% Leased | 86% Leased/Negotiating | —% Leased/Negotiating | 100% Leased | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
  |  |   |   |  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Image represents 14 TW Alexander Drive in our Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Durham mega campus.
67
New Class A development and redevelopment properties: current projects (continued)
The following table summarizes the key information fortables set forth a summary of our new Class A development and redevelopment properties under construction and pre-leased/negotiating near-term development projects in North America as of September 30, 20172022 (dollars in thousands, except per SF amounts)thousands):
Market Property/Submarket | Square Footage | Percentage | Occupancy(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dev/Redev | In Service | CIP | Total | Leased | Leased/Negotiating | Initial | Stabilized | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Under construction | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 325 Binney Street/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | Dev | — | 462,100 | 462,100 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| One Rogers Street/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | Redev | 4,367 | 403,892 | 408,259 | 100 | 100 | 2023 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 99 Coolidge Avenue/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | Dev | — | 320,809 | 320,809 | 36 | 36 | 2024 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 500 North Beacon Street and 4 Kingsbury Avenue/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | Dev | — | 248,018 | 248,018 | 85 | 85 | 2024 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Arsenal on the Charles/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | Redev | 815,908 | 56,757 | 872,665 | 96 | 96 | 3Q21 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 201 Brookline Avenue/Fenway | Dev | 261,990 | 248,126 | 510,116 | 96 | 97 | 3Q22 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15 Necco Street/Seaport Innovation District | Dev | — | 345,995 | 345,995 | 97 | 97 | 2024 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 40, 50, and 60 Sylvan Road/Route 128 | Redev | 312,845 | 202,428 | 515,273 | 61 | 61 | 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 840 Winter Street/Route 128 | Redev | 28,230 | 139,984 | 168,214 | 100 | 100 | 2024 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | Redev | — | 453,869 | 453,869 | — | — | (2) | 2023 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 651 Gateway Boulevard/South San Francisco | Redev | — | 300,010 | 300,010 | — | 7 | (2) | 2023 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 751 Gateway Boulevard/South San Francisco | Dev | — | 230,592 | 230,592 | 100 | 100 | 2023 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New York City | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-02 48th Avenue/New York City | Redev | 123,739 | 55,361 | 179,100 | 72 | 80 | 4Q20 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Diego | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10055 Barnes Canyon Road/Sorrento Mesa | Dev | 119,927 | 75,508 | 195,435 | 100 | 100 | 2Q22 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10102 Hoyt Park Drive/Sorrento Mesa | Dev | — | 144,113 | 144,113 | 100 | 100 | 2023 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seattle | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1150 Eastlake Avenue East/Lake Union | Dev | — | 311,631 | 311,631 | 89 | 89 | 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Center® for Advanced Technologies – Monte Villa Parkway/Bothell | Redev | 246,647 | 213,976 | 460,623 | 70 | 70 | 2022 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maryland | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9810 Darnestown Road/Rockville | Dev | — | 192,000 | 192,000 | 100 | 100 | 2024 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9808 Medical Center Drive/Rockville | Dev | — | 90,000 | 90,000 | 29 | 38 | 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9601 and 9603 Medical Center Drive/Rockville | Redev | 17,378 | 78,533 | 95,911 | 100 | 100 | 4Q21 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 20400 Century Boulevard/Gaithersburg | Redev | 42,692 | 37,858 | 80,550 | 100 | 100 | 1Q22 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research Triangle | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2400 Ellis Road, 40 and 41 Moore Drive, and 14 TW Alexander Drive/ Research Triangle | Redev | 326,445 | 376,871 | 703,316 | 86 | 86 | 2Q21 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Davis Drive/Research Triangle | Dev | — | 180,000 | 180,000 | — | — | (2) | 2023 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6040 George Watts Hill Drive, Phase II/Research Triangle | Dev | — | 88,038 | 88,038 | 100 | 100 | 2024 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 and 9 Laboratory Drive/Research Triangle | Redev/Dev | 280,205 | 60,195 | 340,400 | 96 | 96 | 3Q21 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Texas | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8800 Technology Forest Place/Greater Houston | Redev | — | 201,499 | 201,499 | 23 | 23 | 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | Redev | 22,992 | 107,081 | 130,073 | 62 | 80 | 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2,603,365 | 5,625,244 | 8,228,609 | 75 | % | 76 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Initial occupancy dates are subject to leasing and/or market conditions. Multi-tenant projects may have occupancy by tenants over a period of time. Stabilized occupancy may vary depending on single tenancy versus multi-tenancy. (2)This project is focused on demand from our existing tenants in our adjacent properties/campuses and will also address demand from other non-Alexandria properties/campuses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
68
New Class A development and redevelopment properties: current projects (continued)
| Market | Property/Submarket | Book Value | Project SF | Per SF | ||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | 325 Binney Street/Cambridge (1) | $ | 85,518 | 208,965 | $ | 409 | ||||||||||
| 50 Rogers Street/Cambridge | 6,426 | 183,644 | (2) | 35 | ||||||||||||
| San Francisco | 960 Industrial Road/Greater Stanford | 67,902 | 500,000 | (3) | 136 | |||||||||||
| 825 and 835 Industrial Road/Greater Stanford | 90,018 | 530,000 | 170 | |||||||||||||
| 201 Haskins Way/South San Francisco | 33,950 | 280,000 | (4) | 121 | ||||||||||||
| New York City | Alexandria Center® for Life Science/Manhattan | — | 420,000 | — | ||||||||||||
| San Diego | 5200 Illumina Way/University Town Center | 11,239 | 386,044 | 29 | ||||||||||||
| Campus Point Drive/University Town Center | 13,395 | 315,000 | 43 | |||||||||||||
| Seattle | 1150 Eastlake Avenue East/Lake Union | 18,922 | 260,000 | 73 | ||||||||||||
| Maryland | 9800 Medical Center Drive/Rockville | 6,500 | 180,000 | 36 | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 333,870 | 3,263,653 | $ | 102 | |||||||||||
Market Property/Submarket | Square Footage | Percentage | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dev/Redev | In Service | CIP | Total | Leased | Leased/Negotiating | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Near-term projects expected to commence construction in the next five quarters | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 230 Harriet Tubman Way/South San Francisco | Dev | — | 285,346 | 285,346 | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Diego | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11255 and 11355 North Torrey Pines Road/Torrey Pines | Dev | — | 309,094 | 309,094 | 100 | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10931 and 10933 North Torrey Pines Road/Torrey Pines | Dev | — | 299,158 | 299,158 | 100 | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Point, Phase II/University Town Center | Dev | — | 426,927 | 426,927 | 100 | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Point, Phase I/University Town Center | Dev | — | 171,102 | 171,102 | 100 | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seattle | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 701 Dexter Avenue North/Lake Union | Dev | — | 226,586 | 226,586 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maryland | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9820 Darnestown Road/Rockville | Dev | — | 250,000 | 250,000 | 100 | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | 1,968,213 | 1,968,213 | 88 | 88 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2,603,365 | 7,593,457 | 10,196,822 | 78 | % | 78 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New Class A development and redevelopment properties: current projects (continued)
| Our Ownership Interest | Unlevered Yields | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Market Property/Submarket | In Service | CIP | Cost to Complete | Total at Completion | Initial Stabilized | Initial Stabilized (Cash Basis) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Under construction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 325 Binney Street/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 100 | % | $ | — | $ | 416,678 | $ | 474,322 | $ | 891,000 | 8.5 | % | 7.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| One Rogers Street/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 100 | % | 10,807 | 970,641 | 224,552 | 1,206,000 | 5.2 | % | 4.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 99 Coolidge Avenue/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 75.0 | % | — | 130,778 | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 500 North Beacon Street and 4 Kingsbury Avenue/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 100 | % | — | 121,622 | 305,378 | 427,000 | 6.2 | % | 5.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Arsenal on the Charles/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 100 | % | 727,877 | 71,317 | 31,806 | 831,000 | 6.3 | % | 5.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 201 Brookline Avenue/Fenway | 98.8 | % | 344,002 | 311,818 | 78,180 | 734,000 | 7.2 | % | 6.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15 Necco Street/Seaport Innovation District | 90.0 | % | — | 311,635 | 255,365 | 567,000 | 6.7 | % | 5.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 40, 50, and 60 Sylvan Road/Route 128 | 100 | % | 173,674 | 131,476 | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 840 Winter Street/Route 128 | 100 | % | 13,635 | 91,069 | 103,296 | 208,000 | 7.5 | % | 6.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 100 | % | — | 126,915 | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 651 Gateway Boulevard/South San Francisco | 50.0 | % | — | 161,745 | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 751 Gateway Boulevard/South San Francisco | 51.0 | % | — | 162,756 | 127,244 | 290,000 | 6.5 | % | 6.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New York City | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-02 48th Avenue/New York City | 100 | % | 141,343 | 68,355 | 14,302 | 224,000 | 5.8 | % | 5.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Diego | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10055 Barnes Canyon Road/Sorrento Mesa | 50.0 | % | 77,618 | 43,792 | 59,590 | 181,000 | 7.2 | % | 6.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10102 Hoyt Park Drive/Sorrento Mesa | 100 | % | — | 93,025 | 20,975 | 114,000 | 7.4 | % | 6.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seattle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1150 Eastlake Avenue East/Lake Union | 100 | % | — | 176,527 | 228,473 | 405,000 | 6.4 | % | 6.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Center® for Advanced Technologies – Monte Villa Parkway/Bothell | 100 | % | 57,311 | 88,289 | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maryland | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9810 Darnestown Road/Rockville | 100 | % | — | 60,992 | 72,008 | 133,000 | 6.9 | % | 6.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9808 Medical Center Drive/Rockville | 100 | % | — | 37,666 | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9601 and 9603 Medical Center Drive/Rockville | 100 | % | 6,464 | 37,787 | 9,749 | 54,000 | 8.4 | % | 7.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 20400 Century Boulevard/Gaithersburg | 100 | % | 18,552 | 7,109 | 9,339 | 35,000 | 8.5 | % | 8.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research Triangle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2400 Ellis Road, 40 and 41 Moore Drive, and 14 TW Alexander Drive/Research Triangle | 100 | % | 93,734 | 110,303 | 132,963 | 337,000 | 7.5 | % | 6.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Davis Drive/Research Triangle | 100 | % | — | 32,604 | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6040 George Watts Hill Drive, Phase II/Research Triangle | 100 | % | — | 11,363 | 52,637 | 64,000 | 8.0 | % | 7.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 and 9 Laboratory Drive/Research Triangle | 100 | % | 164,926 | 42,429 | 8,645 | 216,000 | 7.2 | % | 7.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Texas | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8800 Technology Forest Place/Greater Houston | 100 | % | — | 53,708 | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | 100 | % | 3,079 | 14,384 | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 1,833,022 | $ | 3,886,783 | $ | 3,800,000 | (1) | $ | 9,520,000 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Amounts rounded to the nearest $10 million.
70
New Class A development and redevelopment properties: summary of pipeline
The following table summarizes the key information for all our development and redevelopment projects in North America as of September 30, 20172022 (dollars in thousands):
| Property/Submarket | Our Ownership Interest | Book Value | Square Footage | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Undergoing Construction | Near-Term Projects Undergoing Marketing and Pre-Construction | Intermediate-Term Development | Future Development | Total (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Undergoing construction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100 Binney Street/Cambridge | 100% | $ | 70,143 | 91,155 | — | — | — | 91,155 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 266 and 275 Second Avenue/Route 128 | 100% | 9,646 | 59,173 | — | — | — | 59,173 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Near-term projects undergoing marketing and pre-construction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
399 Binney (Alexandria Center® at One Kendall Square) | 100% | 76,263 | — | 164,000 | — | — | 164,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intermediate-term development | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 325 Binney Street/Cambridge | 100% | 85,518 | — | — | 208,965 | — | 208,965 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 50 Rogers Street/Cambridge | 100% | 6,426 | — | — | 183,644 | — | 183,644 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Future development projects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Technology Square®/Cambridge | 100% | 7,787 | — | — | — | 100,000 | 100,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other future projects | 100% | 7,315 | — | — | — | 221,955 | 221,955 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 263,098 | 150,328 | 164,000 | 392,609 | 321,955 | 1,028,892 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Undergoing construction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 510 Townsend Street/Mission Bay/SoMa | 100% | $ | 187,133 | 300,000 | — | — | — | 300,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 505 Brannan Street, Phase I/Mission Bay/SoMa | 99.7% | 116,522 | 150,000 | — | — | — | 150,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 213 East Grand Avenue/South San Francisco | 100% | 72,895 | 300,930 | — | — | — | 300,930 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Near-term projects undergoing marketing and pre-construction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1655 and 1715 Third Street/Mission Bay/SoMa | 10% | — | — | 580,000 | — | — | 580,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 279 East Grand Avenue/South San Francisco | 100% | 17,998 | — | 199,000 | — | — | 199,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intermediate-term development | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 960 Industrial Road/Greater Stanford | 100% | 67,902 | — | — | 500,000 | (2) | — | 500,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 825 and 835 Industrial Road/Greater Stanford | 100% | 90,018 | — | — | 530,000 | — | 530,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 201 Haskins Way/South San Francisco | 100% | 33,950 | — | — | 280,000 | (3) | — | 280,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Future development projects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 88 Bluxome Street/Mission Bay/SoMa | 100% | 160,901 | — | — | — | 1,070,925 | (4) | 1,070,925 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 505 Brannan Street, Phase II/Mission Bay/SoMa | 99.7% | 14,988 | — | — | — | 165,000 | 165,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| East Grand Avenue/South San Francisco | 100% | 5,988 | — | — | — | 90,000 | 90,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other future projects | 100% | — | — | — | — | 95,620 | 95,620 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 768,295 | 750,930 | 779,000 | 1,310,000 | 1,421,545 | 4,261,475 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| New York City | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Center® for Life Science/Manhattan | 100% | $ | — | — | — | 420,000 | — | 420,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | — | — | — | 420,000 | — | 420,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Total pipeline SF represents operating RSF plus incremental SF targeted for intermediate-term and future development. (2) The intermediate-term development project undergoing entitlements for 500,000 RSF will replace the existing 195,000 RSF of operating property. (3) The intermediate-term development project undergoing entitlements for 280,000 RSF will replace the existing 23,840 RSF of operating property. (4) The future development project undergoing entitlements for 1,070,925 developable square feet will replace the existing 232,470 RSF operating property. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Market Property/Submarket | Our Ownership Interest | Book Value | Square Footage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Development and Redevelopment | Total(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Under Construction | Near Term | Intermediate Term | Future | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mega Campus: Alexandria Center® at One Kendall Square/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 100 | % | $ | 416,678 | 462,100 | — | — | — | 462,100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 325 Binney Street | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mega Campus: Alexandria Center® at Kendall Square/Cambridge/ Inner Suburbs | 100 | % | 970,641 | 403,892 | 104,500 | — | — | 508,392 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| One Rogers Street and 100 Edwin H. Land Boulevard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 99 Coolidge Avenue/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 75.0 | % | 130,778 | 320,809 | — | — | — | 320,809 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mega Campus: The Arsenal on the Charles/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 100 | % | 203,812 | 304,775 | — | — | 34,157 | 338,932 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 311 Arsenal Street, 400 and 500 North Beacon Street, 100 Talcott Avenue, and 4 Kingsbury Avenue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mega Campus: Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Fenway/Fenway | (2) | 604,733 | 248,126 | 507,997 | — | — | 756,123 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 201 Brookline Avenue and 421 Park Drive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15 Necco Street/Seaport Innovation District | 90.0 | % | 311,635 | 345,995 | — | — | — | 345,995 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reservoir Woods/Route 128 | 100 | % | 181,412 | 202,428 | 312,845 | — | 440,000 | 955,273 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 40, 50, and 60 Sylvan Road | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 840 Winter Street/Route 128 | 100 | % | 91,069 | 139,984 | 28,230 | — | — | 168,214 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 275 Grove Street/Route 128 | 100 | % | — | — | 160,251 | — | — | 160,251 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 Necco Street/Seaport Innovation District | 100 | % | 97,498 | — | — | 175,000 | — | 175,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 215 Presidential Way/Route 128 | 100 | % | 6,808 | — | — | 112,000 | — | 112,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mega Campus: 480 Arsenal Way and 446, 458, 500, and 550 Arsenal Street/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 100 | % | 75,126 | — | — | — | 902,000 | 902,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 446, 458, and 550 Arsenal Street | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mega Campus: Alexandria Technology Square®/Cambridge/ Inner Suburbs | 100 | % | 7,881 | — | — | — | 100,000 | 100,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mega Campus: 380 and 420 E Street/Seaport Innovation District | 100 | % | 124,644 | — | — | — | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 99 A Street/Seaport Innovation District | 100 | % | 49,334 | — | — | — | 235,000 | 235,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mega Campus: One Upland Road, 100 Tech Drive, and One Investors Way/Route 128 | 100 | % | 24,366 | — | — | — | 1,100,000 | 1,100,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other value-creation projects | 100 | % | 216,392 | 453,869 | 260,992 | — | 466,504 | 1,181,365 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 3,512,807 | 2,881,978 | 1,374,815 | 287,000 | 4,277,661 | 8,821,454 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Refer to the definition of “Mega campus” in the “Definitions and reconciliations” in the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for additional information. (1)Represents total square footage upon completion of development or redevelopment of one or more new Class A properties. Square footage presented includes RSF of buildings currently in operation at properties that also have inherent future development or redevelopment opportunities. Upon expiration of existing in-place leases, we have the intent to demolish or redevelop the existing property and commence future construction. Refer to the definition of “Investments in real estate – value-creation square footage currently in rental properties” in the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for additional information. (2)We have a 98.8% ownership interest in 201 Brookline Avenue aggregating 248,126 RSF, which is currently under construction, and a 100% ownership interest in the near-term development project at 421 Park Drive aggregating 507,997 SF. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
71
New Class A development and redevelopment properties: summary of pipeline (continued)
Market Property/Submarket | Our Ownership Interest | Book Value | Square Footage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Development and Redevelopment | Total(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Under Construction | Near Term | Intermediate Term | Future | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mega Campus: Alexandria Technology Center® – Gateway/ South San Francisco | (2) | $ | 347,759 | 530,602 | — | — | 291,000 | 821,602 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 651 and 751 Gateway Boulevard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mega Campus: Alexandria Center® for Science and Technology – Mission Bay/Mission Bay | 65.5 | % | 102,515 | — | 191,000 | — | — | 191,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1450 Owens Street | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Millbrae/South San Francisco | 44.3 | % | 221,441 | — | 633,747 | — | — | 633,747 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 230 Harriet Tubman Way, 201 and 231 Adrian Road, and 6 and 30 Rollins Road | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3825 and 3875 Fabian Way/Greater Stanford | 100 | % | — | — | 250,000 | — | 228,000 | 478,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mega Campus: Alexandria Center® for Life Science – San Carlos/Greater Stanford | 100 | % | 386,999 | — | 105,000 | 700,000 | 692,830 | 1,497,830 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 960 Industrial Road, 987 and 1075 Commercial Street, and 888 Bransten Road | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 901 California Avenue/Greater Stanford | 100 | % | 8,432 | — | 56,924 | — | — | 56,924 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mega Campus: 88 Bluxome Street/SoMa | 100 | % | 335,963 | — | 1,070,925 | — | — | 1,070,925 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mega Campus: 1122, 1150, and 1178 El Camino Real/South San Francisco | 100 | % | 342,139 | — | — | — | 1,930,000 | 1,930,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mega Campus: 211(3), 213(3), 249, 259, 269, and 279 East Grand Avenue/ South San Francisco | 100 | % | 6,655 | — | — | — | 90,000 | 90,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 211 East Grand Avenue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other value-creation projects | 100 | % | — | — | — | — | 25,000 | 25,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1,751,903 | 530,602 | 2,307,596 | 700,000 | 3,256,830 | 6,795,028 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New York City | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Long Island City/New York City | 100 | % | 100,589 | 55,361 | 135,938 | — | — | 191,299 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-02 48th Avenue and 47-50 30th Street | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mega Campus: Alexandria Center® for Life Science – New York City/ New York City | 100 | % | 124,489 | — | — | 550,000 | (4) | — | 550,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 219 East 42nd Street/New York City | 100 | % | — | — | — | — | 579,947 | 579,947 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 225,078 | 55,361 | 135,938 | 550,000 | 579,947 | 1,321,246 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Refer to the definition of “Mega campus” in the “Definitions and reconciliations” in the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for additional information. (1)Represents total square footage upon completion of development or redevelopment of one or more new Class A properties. Square footage presented includes RSF of buildings currently in operation at properties that also have inherent future development or redevelopment opportunities. Upon expiration of existing in-place leases, we have the intent to demolish or redevelop the existing property and commence future construction. Refer to the definition of “Investments in real estate – value-creation square footage currently in rental properties” in the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for additional information. (2)We have a 50.0% ownership interest in 651 Gateway Boulevard aggregating 300,010 RSF and a 51.0% ownership interest in 751 Gateway Boulevard aggregating 230,592 RSF. (3)We own a partial interest in this property through a real estate joint venture. Refer to Note 4 – “Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report for additional details. (4)Pursuant to an option agreement, we are currently negotiating a long-term ground lease with the City of New York for the future site of a new building of approximately 550,000 SF. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
72
New Class A development and redevelopment properties: summary of pipeline (continued)
| Property/Submarket | Our Ownership Interest | Book Value | Square Footage | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Undergoing Construction | Near-Term Projects Undergoing Marketing and Pre-Construction | Intermediate-Term Development | Future Development | Total (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Diego | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Undergoing construction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ARE Spectrum/Torrey Pines | 100% | $ | 143,149 | 170,523 | — | — | — | 170,523 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 9625 Towne Centre Drive/University Town Center | 100% | 31,880 | 163,648 | — | — | — | 163,648 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intermediate-term development | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5200 Illumina Way/University Town Center | 100% | 11,239 | — | — | 386,044 | — | 386,044 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Campus Point Drive/University Town Center | 100% | 13,395 | — | — | 315,000 | — | 315,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Future development projects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vista Wateridge/Sorrento Mesa | 100% | 3,909 | — | — | — | 163,000 | 163,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other future projects | 100% | 33,147 | — | — | — | 259,895 | 259,895 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 236,719 | 334,171 | — | 701,044 | 422,895 | 1,458,110 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seattle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Undergoing construction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 400 Dexter Avenue North/Lake Union | 100% | $ | 19,243 | 31,215 | — | — | — | 31,215 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Near-term projects undergoing marketing and pre-construction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1818 Fairview Avenue East/Lake Union | 100% | 20,693 | — | 205,000 | — | — | 205,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intermediate-term development | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1150 Eastlake Avenue East/Lake Union | 100% | 18,922 | — | — | 260,000 | — | 260,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Future development projects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1165/1166 Eastlake Avenue East/Lake Union | 100% | 18,631 | — | — | — | — | 106,000 | 106,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 77,489 | 31,215 | 205,000 | 260,000 | 106,000 | 602,215 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maryland | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Undergoing construction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9900 Medical Center Drive/Rockville | 100% | $ | 7,237 | 45,039 | — | — | — | 45,039 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Intermediate-term development | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9800 Medical Center Drive/Rockville | 100% | 6,500 | — | — | 180,000 | — | 180,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Future development projects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other future projects | 100% | 4,035 | — | — | — | 61,000 | 61,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 17,772 | 45,039 | — | 180,000 | 61,000 | 286,039 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research Triangle Park | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Undergoing construction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Laboratory Drive/Research Triangle Park | 100% | $ | 10,461 | 175,000 | — | — | — | 175,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Future development projects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 Davis Drive/Research Triangle Park | 100% | 16,673 | — | — | — | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other future projects | 100% | 4,149 | — | — | — | 76,262 | 76,262 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 31,283 | 175,000 | — | — | 1,076,262 | 1,251,262 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cluster markets – other future projects | 100% | 11,791 | — | — | — | 571,705 | 571,705 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 1,406,447 | 1,486,683 | 1,148,000 | 3,263,653 | 3,981,362 | 9,879,698 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Market Property/Submarket | Our Ownership Interest | Book Value | Square Footage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Development and Redevelopment | Total(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Under Construction | Near Term | Intermediate Term | Future | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Diego | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scripps Science Park by Alexandria/Sorrento Mesa | 100 | % | $ | 160,958 | 144,113 | 105,000 | 175,041 | 164,000 | 588,154 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10102 Hoyt Park Drive, 10048 and 12019 Meanley Drive, and 10277 Scripps Ranch Boulevard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mega Campus: SD Tech by Alexandria/Sorrento Mesa | 50.0 | % | 159,464 | 75,508 | 190,074 | 160,000 | 333,845 | 759,427 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9805 Scranton Road and 10055 and 10075 Barnes Canyon Road | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mega Campus: One Alexandria Square/Torrey Pines | 100 | % | 235,561 | — | 608,252 | — | 125,280 | 733,532 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10931, 10933, 11255, and 11355 North Torrey Pines Road and 10975 and 10995 Torreyana Road | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mega Campus: Alexandria Point/University Town Center | 55.0 | % | 251,801 | — | 598,029 | — | 1,074,445 | 1,672,474 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10010(2), 10140(2), and 10260 Campus Point Drive and 4110, 4150, 4161, and 4275(2) Campus Point Court | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mega Campus: Sequence District by Alexandria/Sorrento Mesa | 100 | % | 42,443 | — | 200,000 | 509,000 | 1,089,915 | 1,798,915 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6260, 6290, 6310, 6340, 6350, and 6450 Sequence Drive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mega Campus: University District/University Town Center | 100 | % | 140,659 | — | — | 937,000 | — | 937,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9363, 9373, and 9393 Towne Centre Drive, 8410-8750 Genesee Avenue, and 4282 Esplanade Court | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9444 Waples Street/Sorrento Mesa | 50.0 | % | 21,632 | — | — | 149,000 | — | 149,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mega Campus: 5200 Illumina Way/University Town Center | 51.0 | % | 15,526 | — | — | — | 451,832 | 451,832 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4025, 4031, 4045, and 4075 Sorrento Valley Boulevard/Sorrento Valley | 100 | % | 20,668 | — | — | — | 247,000 | 247,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other value-creation projects | 100 | % | 74,616 | — | — | — | 539,235 | 539,235 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1,123,328 | 219,621 | 1,701,355 | 1,930,041 | 4,025,552 | 7,876,569 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seattle | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mega Campus: The Eastlake Life Science Campus by Alexandria/ Lake Union | 100 | % | 176,527 | 311,631 | — | — | — | 311,631 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1150 Eastlake Avenue East | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Center® for Advanced Technologies – Monte Villa Parkway/Bothell | 100 | % | 88,289 | 213,976 | 50,552 | — | — | 264,528 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3301, 3555, and 3755 Monte Villa Parkway | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mega Campus: Alexandria Center® for Life Science – South Lake Union/ Lake Union | (3) | 355,603 | — | 1,095,586 | — | 188,400 | 1,283,986 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 601 and 701 Dexter Avenue North and 800 Mercer Street | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 830 and 1010 4th Avenue South/SoDo | 100 | % | $ | 53,301 | — | — | — | 597,313 | 597,313 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Refer to the definition of “Mega campus” in the “Definitions and reconciliations” in the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for additional information. (1)Represents total square footage upon completion of development or redevelopment of one or more new Class A properties. Square footage presented includes RSF of buildings currently in operation at properties that also have inherent future development or redevelopment opportunities. Upon expiration of existing in-place leases, we have the intent to demolish or redevelop the existing property and commence future construction. Refer to the definition of “Investments in real estate – value-creation square footage currently in rental properties” in the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for additional information. (2)We have a 100% ownership interest in this property. (3)We have a 100% ownership interest in 601 and 701 Dexter Avenue North aggregating 414,986 SF and a 60% ownership interest in the near-term development project at 800 Mercer Street aggregating 869,000 SF. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
73
New Class A development and redevelopment properties: summary of pipeline (continued)
| Nine Months Ended | |||||
| Construction Spending | September 30, 2017 | ||||
Additions to real estate – consolidated projects | $ | 660,877 | |||
| Investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | 248 | ||||
Construction spending (cash basis) (1) | 661,125 | ||||
| Decrease in accrued construction | (38,767 | ) | |||
| Construction spending | $ | 622,358 | |||
Market Property/Submarket | Our Ownership Interest | Book Value | Square Footage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Development and Redevelopment | Total(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Under Construction | Near Term | Intermediate Term | Future | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seattle (continued) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mega Campus: Alexandria Center® for Advanced Technologies – Canyon Park/Bothell | 100 | % | $ | 13,804 | — | — | — | 230,000 | 230,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 21660 20th Avenue Southeast | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other value-creation projects | 100 | % | 81,696 | — | — | — | 691,000 | 691,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 769,220 | 525,607 | 1,146,138 | — | 1,706,713 | 3,378,458 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maryland | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mega Campus: Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Shady Grove/Rockville | 100 | % | 174,064 | 360,533 | 250,000 | 258,000 | 38,000 | 906,533 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9601, 9603, and 9808 Medical Center Drive and 9810, 9820, and 9830 Darnestown Road | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 20400 Century Boulevard/Gaithersburg | 100 | % | 7,109 | 37,858 | — | — | — | 37,858 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 181,173 | 398,391 | 250,000 | 258,000 | 38,000 | 944,391 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research Triangle | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mega Campus: Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Durham/ Research Triangle | 100 | % | 258,450 | 376,871 | — | — | 2,060,000 | 2,436,871 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 40 and 41 Moore Drive and 14 TW Alexander Drive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mega Campus: Alexandria Center® for Advanced Technologies/ Research Triangle | 100 | % | 67,910 | 180,000 | — | — | 990,000 | 1,170,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 and 12 Davis Drive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6040 George Watts Hill Drive, Phase II/Research Triangle | 100 | % | 11,363 | 88,038 | — | — | — | 88,038 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Center® for AgTech/Research Triangle | 100 | % | 42,429 | 60,195 | — | — | — | 60,195 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 Laboratory Drive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mega Campus: Alexandria Center® for NextGen Medicines/ Research Triangle | 100 | % | 99,335 | — | 100,000 | 100,000 | 855,000 | 1,055,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3029 East Cornwallis Road | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 120 TW Alexander Drive, 2752 East NC Highway 54, and 10 South Triangle Drive/Research Triangle | 100 | % | 50,593 | — | — | — | 750,000 | 750,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other value-creation projects | 100 | % | 4,185 | — | — | — | 76,262 | 76,262 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 534,265 | 705,104 | 100,000 | 100,000 | 4,731,262 | 5,636,366 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Refer to the definition of “Mega campus” in the “Definitions and reconciliations” in the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for additional information. (1)Represents total square footage upon completion of development or redevelopment of one or more new Class A properties. Square footage presented includes RSF of buildings currently in operation at properties that also have inherent future development or redevelopment opportunities. Upon expiration of existing in-place leases, we have the intent to demolish or redevelop the existing property and commence future construction. Refer to the definition of “Investments in real estate – value-creation square footage currently in rental properties” in the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for additional information. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
74
New Class A development and redevelopment properties: summary of pipeline (continued)
| Projected Construction Spending | Year Ending December 31, 2017 | |||||||||
| Development and redevelopment projects | $ | 203,000 | ||||||||
| Contributions from noncontrolling interests (consolidated joint ventures) | (7,000 | ) | ||||||||
| Generic laboratory infrastructure/building improvement projects | 41,000 | |||||||||
| Non-revenue-enhancing capital expenditures and tenant improvements | 6,000 | |||||||||
| Projected construction spending for three months ending December 31, 2017 | 243,000 | |||||||||
| Actual construction spending for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 | 622,358 | |||||||||
| Guidance range | $ | 815,000 | – | 915,000 | ||||||
Market Property/Submarket | Our Ownership Interest | Book Value | Square Footage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Development and Redevelopment | Total(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Under Construction | Near Term | Intermediate Term | Future | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Texas | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8800 Technology Forest Place/Greater Houston | 100 | % | $ | 61,425 | 201,499 | — | — | 116,287 | 317,786 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other value-creation projects | 100 | % | 140,754 | — | 143,105 | — | 2,090,000 | 2,233,105 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 202,179 | 201,499 | 143,105 | — | 2,206,287 | 2,550,891 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | 100 | % | 14,384 | 107,081 | — | — | 124,000 | 231,081 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other value-creation projects | 100 | % | 38,261 | — | — | — | 350,000 | 350,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total pipeline as of September 30, 2022 | $ | 8,352,598 | (2) | 5,625,244 | 7,158,947 | 3,825,041 | 21,296,252 | 37,905,484 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
(2)Total book value includes $3.9 billion of projects currently under construction that are recoverable from tenants, revenue enhancing, or related76% leased/negotiating. We also expect to propertiescommence construction on seven near-term projects aggregating $494.6 million in the next five quarters that have undergone redevelopment (dollars in thousands, except per RSF amounts):are 88% leased.
75
Non-Revenue-Enhancing Capital Expenditures (1) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | Recent Average per RSF (2) | |||||||||||||
| Amount | RSF | Per RSF | |||||||||||||
| Non-revenue-enhancing capital expenditures | $ | 5,431 | 18,576,742 | $ | 0.29 | $ | 0.41 | ||||||||
| Tenant improvements and leasing costs: | |||||||||||||||
| Re-tenanted space | $ | 15,542 | 596,653 | $ | 26.05 | $ | 18.11 | ||||||||
| Renewal space | 22,200 | 1,334,824 | 16.63 | 10.14 | |||||||||||
| Total tenant improvements and leasing costs/weighted average | $ | 37,742 | 1,931,477 | $ | 19.54 | (3) | $ | 12.52 | |||||||
Results of operations
We present a tabular comparison of items, whether gain or loss, that may facilitate a high-level understanding of our results and provide context for the disclosures included in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and our subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. We believe thisthat such tabular presentation promotes a better understanding for investors of the corporate-level decisions made and activities performed that significantly impactaffect comparison of our operating results from period to period. We also believe that this tabular presentation will supplement for investors an understanding of our disclosures and real estate operating results. Gains or losses on sales of real estate and impairments forof held for sale assets are related to corporate-level decisions to dispose of real estate. Gains or losses on early extinguishment of debt and preferred stock redemption charges are related to corporate-level financing decisions focused on our capital structure strategy. Significant realized and unrealized gains or losses foron non-real estate investments, impairments of real estate and non-real estate investments, and acceleration of stock compensation expense due to the resignation of an executive officer are not related to the operating performance of our real estate assets as they result from strategic, corporate-level non-real estate investment decisions and external market conditions. Impairments of non-real estate investments are not related to the operating performance of our real estate as they represent the write-down of a non-real estate investmentinvestments when itstheir fair value declinesvalues decrease below itstheir respective carrying valuevalues due to changes in general market or other conditions.conditions outside of our control. Significant items whether a gain or loss, included in the tabular disclosure for current periods are described in further detail within this Item 2. Items2. Key items included in net income (loss) attributable to Alexandria’s common stockholders (amounts are shown after deducting anyfor the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 and the related per share amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests) arewere as follows:follows (in millions, except per share amounts):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | Per Share – Diluted | Amount | Per Share – Diluted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized (losses) gains on non-real estate investments | $ | (56.5) | $ | (14.4) | $ | (0.35) | $ | (0.10) | $ | (388.1) | $ | 183.3 | $ | (2.42) | $ | 1.26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Significant realized gains on non-real estate investments | — | 52.4 | — | 0.35 | — | 110.1 | — | 0.76 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain (loss) on sales of real estate | 323.7 | (0.4) | 2.00 | — | 537.9 | 2.3 | 3.35 | 0.02 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of real estate | (38.8) | (42.6) | (0.24) | (0.28) | (38.8) | (52.7) | (0.24) | (0.37) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — | — | — | — | (3.3) | (67.3) | (0.02) | (0.46) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acceleration of stock compensation expense due to executive officer resignation | (7.2) | — | (0.04) | — | (7.2) | — | (0.04) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 221.2 | $ | (5.0) | $ | 1.37 | $ | (0.03) | $ | 100.5 | $ | 175.7 | $ | 0.63 | $ | 1.21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
76
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except per share amounts) | Amount | Per Share – Diluted | Amount | Per Share – Diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gain on sales of real estate (1) | $ | 14.1 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 0.15 | $ | — | $ | 14.5 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 0.15 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Gain on sales of non-real estate investments | — | — | — | — | — | 4.4 | — | 0.06 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of: | �� | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rental properties (2) | — | (6.3 | ) | — | (0.08 | ) | (0.2 | ) | (94.7 | ) | — | (1.27 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Land parcels (2) | — | (1.8 | ) | — | (0.02 | ) | — | (98.0 | ) | — | (1.32 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Non-real estate investments (3) | — | (3.1 | ) | — | (0.04 | ) | (4.5 | ) | (3.1 | ) | (0.05 | ) | (0.04 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — | (3.2 | ) | — | (0.04 | ) | (0.7 | ) | (3.2 | ) | (0.01 | ) | (0.04 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Preferred stock redemption charge (4) | — | (13.1 | ) | — | (0.17 | ) | (11.3 | ) | (25.6 | ) | (0.12 | ) | (0.34 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| $ | 14.1 | $ | (27.4 | ) | $ | 0.15 | $ | (0.35 | ) | $ | (2.2 | ) | $ | (220.1 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | (2.95 | ) | ||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding – diluted | 93.3 | 77.4 | 90.8 | 74.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same Propertiesproperties
We supplement an evaluation of our results of operations with an evaluation of operating performance of certain of our properties, referred to as Same Properties. For moreadditional information on the determination of our Same Properties portfolio, refer to the definition of “Same Property Comparisons”property comparisons” in the “Non-GAAP Measuresmeasures and Definitions”definitions” section within this Item 2. The following table presents information regarding our Same Properties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:2022:
| September 30, 2017 | September 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage change in net operating income over comparable period from prior year | 2.2% | 2.3% | Percentage change in net operating income over comparable period from prior year | 5.1% | 7.0% | ||||||||||||||||
| Percentage change in net operating income (cash basis) over comparable period from prior year | 7.8% | 6.2% | Percentage change in net operating income (cash basis) over comparable period from prior year | 10.6% | 8.9% | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating margin | 69% | 70% | Operating margin | 69% | 70% | ||||||||||||||||
| Number of Same Properties | 169 | 166 | Number of Same Properties | 296 | 256 | ||||||||||||||||
| RSF | 15,182,829 | 14,419,701 | RSF | 29,758,169 | 26,421,903 | ||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy – current-period average | 95.9% | 96.0% | Occupancy – current-period average | 95.6% | 95.7% | ||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy – same-period prior-year average | 96.9% | 97.2% | Occupancy – same-period prior-year average | 94.4% | 94.6% | ||||||||||||||||
The following table reconciles the number of Same Properties to total properties for the nine months ended September 30, 2017:2022:
| Development – under construction | Properties | |||||||||
| 2 | ||||||||||
| 1 | ||||||||||
| 1 | ||||||||||
| 1 | ||||||||||
| 751 Gateway Boulevard | 1 | |||||||||
| 325 Binney Street | 1 | |||||||||
| 1 | ||||||||||
| 10102 Hoyt Park Drive | ||||||||||
| 9810 Darnestown Road | 1 | |||||||||
| 99 Coolidge Avenue | 1 | |||||||||
| 500 North Beacon Street and 4 Kingsbury Avenue | 2 | |||||||||
| 9808 Medical Center Drive | 1 | |||||||||
| 6040 George Watts Hill Drive | 1 | |||||||||
| 16 | ||||||||||
Development – placed into service after January 1, | Properties | |||||||||
| 1 | ||||||||||
| 2 | ||||||||||
| 1 | ||||||||||
| 1 | ||||||||||
| 2 | ||||||||||
| 8 | ||||||||||
| Redevelopment – under construction | Properties | |||||||||
| 1 | ||||||||||
| 4 | ||||||||||
| 840 Winter Street | 1 | |||||||||
| 20400 Century Boulevard | 1 | |||||||||
| 9601 and 9603 Medical Center Drive | ||||||||||
| 40, 50, and 60 Sylvan Road | ||||||||||
Alexandria Center® for Advanced Technologies – Monte Villa Parkway | 6 | |||||||||
| 651 Gateway Boulevard | 1 | |||||||||
| 8800 Technology Forest Place | 1 | |||||||||
| Canada | 2 | |||||||||
| Other | 2 | |||||||||
| 36 | ||||||||||
Redevelopment – placed into service after January 1, | Properties | |||||||
| 1 | ||||||||
| 1 | ||||||||
| 1 | ||||||||
| Other | ||||||||
| 4 | ||||||||
| Acquisitions after January 1, | Properties | |||||||
| Sequence District by Alexandria | 5 | |||||||
Alexandria Center® | ||||||||
| 1 | ||||||||
| 1 | ||||||||
| 10975 and 10995 Torreyana Road | ||||||||
| Pacific Technology Park | 6 | |||||||
| 1122 and 1150 El Camino Real | 2 | |||||||
| 12 Davis Drive | 1 | |||||||
| 8505 Costa Verde Boulevard and 4260 Nobel Drive | 2 | |||||||
| 225 and 235 Presidential Way | 2 | |||||||
| 104 TW Alexander Drive | 4 | |||||||
| One Hampshire Street | 1 | |||||||
| Intersection Campus | 12 | |||||||
| 100 Edwin H. Land Boulevard | 1 | |||||||
| 10010 and 10140 Campus Point Drive and 4275 Campus Point Court | 3 | |||||||
| 446 and 458 Arsenal Street | 2 | |||||||
| Other | 47 | |||||||
| 107 | ||||||||
| Unconsolidated real estate JVs | 4 | |||||||
| Properties held for sale | — | |||||||
| Total properties excluded from Same Properties | ||||||||
| Same Properties | ||||||||
Total properties in North America as of September 30, 2022 | ||||||||
77
Comparison of results for the three months ended September 30, 2017,2022 to the three months ended September 30, 20162021
The following table presents a comparison of the components of net operating income for our Same Properties and Non-Same Properties for the three months ended September 30, 2017,2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016. For a reconciliation2021. Refer to the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for definitions of net“Tenant recoveries” and “Net operating incomeincome” and their reconciliations from net income, the most directly comparable financial measuremeasures presented in accordance with GAAP, referincome from rentals and net income, respectively.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from rentals: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same Properties | $ | 382,282 | $ | 359,457 | $ | 22,825 | 6.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 113,864 | 56,461 | 57,403 | 101.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental revenues | 496,146 | 415,918 | 80,228 | 19.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same Properties | 132,988 | 113,246 | 19,742 | 17.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 27,719 | 17,363 | 10,356 | 59.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tenant recoveries | 160,707 | 130,609 | 30,098 | 23.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from rentals | 656,853 | 546,527 | 110,326 | 20.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same Properties | 196 | 197 | (1) | (0.5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 2,803 | 1,035 | 1,768 | 170.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | 2,999 | 1,232 | 1,767 | 143.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same Properties | 515,466 | 472,900 | 42,566 | 9.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 144,386 | 74,859 | 69,527 | 92.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 659,852 | 547,759 | 112,093 | 20.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same Properties | 158,708 | 133,530 | 25,178 | 18.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 42,481 | 32,465 | 10,016 | 30.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental operations | 201,189 | 165,995 | 35,194 | 21.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same Properties | 356,758 | 339,370 | 17,388 | 5.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 101,905 | 42,394 | 59,511 | 140.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net operating income | $ | 458,663 | $ | 381,764 | $ | 76,899 | 20.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net operating income – Same Properties | $ | 356,758 | $ | 339,370 | $ | 17,388 | 5.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-line rent revenue | (11,726) | (26,373) | 14,647 | (55.5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of acquired below-market leases | (10,200) | (10,249) | 49 | (0.5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net operating income – Same Properties (cash basis) | $ | 334,832 | $ | 302,748 | $ | 32,084 | 10.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
78
Income from rentals
Total income from rentals for the three months ended September 30, 2022 increased by $110.3 million, or 20.2%, to $656.9 million, compared to $546.5 million for the “Non-GAAP Measuresthree months ended September 30, 2021, as a result of increase in rental revenues and Definitions” section within this Item 2.tenant recoveries, as discussed below.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2017 | 2016 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||
| Same Properties | $ | 163,817 | $ | 159,424 | $ | 4,393 | 2.8 | % | ||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 52,204 | 7,167 | 45,037 | 628.4 | ||||||||||||
| Total rental | 216,021 | 166,591 | 49,430 | 29.7 | ||||||||||||
| Same Properties | 58,117 | 56,858 | 1,259 | 2.2 | ||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 8,941 | 1,823 | 7,118 | 390.5 | ||||||||||||
| Total tenant recoveries | 67,058 | 58,681 | 8,377 | 14.3 | ||||||||||||
| Same Properties | 120 | 16 | 104 | 650.0 | ||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 2,171 | 5,091 | (2,920 | ) | (57.4 | ) | ||||||||||
| Total other income | 2,291 | 5,107 | (2,816 | ) | (55.1 | ) | ||||||||||
| Same Properties | 222,054 | 216,298 | 5,756 | 2.7 | ||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 63,316 | 14,081 | 49,235 | 349.7 | ||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 285,370 | 230,379 | 54,991 | 23.9 | ||||||||||||
| Same Properties | 68,107 | 65,674 | 2,433 | 3.7 | ||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 15,362 | 6,328 | 9,034 | 142.8 | ||||||||||||
| Total rental operations | 83,469 | 72,002 | 11,467 | 15.9 | ||||||||||||
| Same Properties | 153,947 | 150,624 | 3,323 | 2.2 | ||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 47,954 | 7,753 | 40,201 | 518.5 | ||||||||||||
| Net operating income | $ | 201,901 | $ | 158,377 | $ | 43,524 | 27.5 | % | ||||||||
| Net operating income – Same Properties | $ | 153,947 | $ | 150,624 | $ | 3,323 | 2.2 | % | ||||||||
| Straight-line rent revenue and amortization of acquired below-market leases | (5,744 | ) | (13,105 | ) | 7,361 | (56.2 | ) | |||||||||
| Net operating income – Same Properties (cash basis) | $ | 148,203 | $ | 137,519 | $ | 10,684 | 7.8 | % | ||||||||
Rental revenues
Total rental revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2017,2022 increased by $49.4$80.2 million, or 29.7%19.3%, to $216.0$496.1 million, compared to $166.6$415.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016.2021. The increase was primarily due to an increase in rental revenues from our Non-Same Properties totaling $45.0 million primarily related to 1,592,6282.1 million RSF of development and redevelopment projects placed into service subsequent to July 1, 2016,2021 and 1669 operating properties totaling 1,468,708aggregating 6.3 million RSF acquired.acquired subsequent to July 1, 2021.
Rental revenues from our Same Properties for the three months ended September 30, 2017,2022 increased by $4.4$22.8 million, or 2.8%6.3%, to $163.8$382.3 million, compared to $159.4$359.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016.2021. The increase was primarily due to significant rental rate increases on lease renewals and re-leasing of space since July 1, 2016. Refer to “Leasing” within the “Operating Summary” section of this Item 2 for additional information on our leasing activity. The2021 and an increase was partially offset by a decrease in rental revenue as a result of a decrease in Same Properties’ occupancy to 95.9%95.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2017,2022 from 96.9%94.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2016. Refer to “Same Properties” in the section above within this Item 2 for additional information on the change in our Same Properties’ occupancy rates.2021.
Tenant recoveries
Tenant recoveries for the three months ended September 30, 2017,2022 increased by $8.4$30.1 million, or 14.3%23.0%, to $67.1$160.7 million, compared to $58.7$130.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016.2021. The increase was primarily from our Same Properties related to higher operating expenses, as discussed below. The increase was also due to our Non-Same Properties related to our development and redevelopment projects placed into service and properties acquired subsequent to July 1, 2021, as discussed above under “Rental revenues.”
Same Properties’ tenant recoveries increased by $7.1 million primarily due to the increase in recoverable operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2017,2022 increased by $19.7 million, or 17.4%, primarily due to higher operating expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2022, as discussed under “Rental Operating Expenses”operations” below. As of September 30, 2017, 97%2022, 91% of our leases (on an RSFannual rental revenue basis) were triple net leases, which require tenants to pay substantially all real estate taxes, insurance, utilities, repairs and maintenance, common area expenses, and other operating expenses (including increases thereto) in addition to base rent.
Other income
Other income for the three months ended September 30, 20172022 and 2016,2021, was $3.0 million and $1.2 million, respectively, which primarily consisted of the following (in thousands):construction management fees and interest income earned during each respective period.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | Change | ||||||||||
| Management fee income | $ | 658 | $ | 46 | $ | 612 | ||||||
| Interest and other income | 588 | 795 | (207 | ) | ||||||||
| Investment income | 1,045 | 4,266 | (3,221 | ) | ||||||||
| Total other income | $ | 2,291 | $ | 5,107 | $ | (2,816 | ) | |||||
Rental operating expensesoperations
Total rental operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2017,2022 increased by $11.5$35.2 million, or 15.9%21.2%, to $83.5$201.2 million, compared to $72.0$166.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. Approximately $9.0 million of the2021. The increase was partially due to an increase in rental operatingincremental expenses fromrelated to our Non-Same Properties, primarily related to 1,592,628 RSFwhich consist of development and redevelopment projects placed into service subsequent to July 1, 2016, and 16 operatingacquired properties, totaling 1,468,708 RSF acquired.as discussed above under “Rental revenues.”
Same Properties’ rental operating expenses increased by $2.4 $25.2 million, or 3.7%18.9%, to $158.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017,2022, compared to $133.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016,2021. The increase was primarily the result of an increase in: (i) utilities expenses aggregating $6.9 million, primarily due to higher repairselectricity rates and maintenance expenses. Thean increase in Same Properties’ rental operating expenses was partially offset byoccupancy; (ii) property tax refundsexpenses aggregating $5.3 million, primarily related to changes in the ownership of four of our consolidated joint ventures located in our Mission Bay submarket during the three months ended September 30, 2017.December 31, 2021 and resulting tax reassessment of values of the properties held by these joint ventures; and (iii) higher contract services costs aggregating $5.2 million, primarily due to increases in consumption and rates.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2017,2022 increased by $1.8$12.0 million, or 11.2%31.7%, to $17.6$50.0 million, compared to $15.9$37.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. General2021. Approximately $7.2 million of the increase
was the result of the acceleration of stock compensation expense recognized in connection with the resignation of Stephen A. Richardson, our former Co-Chief Executive Officer, effective on July 31, 2022.
The remaining increase in general and administrative expenses increased primarilywas due to costs related to the continued growth in the depth and breadth of our operations in multiple markets, including a 29.7% increase in total rental revenue to $216.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $166.6 million for the same period in 2016,development and including a 4.1 million RSF, or 16.7%, increase in our North America asset base subsequent to October 1, 2016.redevelopment projects placed into service and properties acquired, as discussed above under “Rental revenues.” As a percentage of total assets,net operating income, our general and administrative expenses for the threetrailing twelve months ended September 30, 20172022 and 2016, quarter annualized, declined to 0.6% from 0.7%2021 were 10.1% and 10.1%, respectively.
79
Interest expense
Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 20172022 and 2016,2021 consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Component | 2017 | 2016 | Change | Component | 2022 | 2021 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest incurred | $ | 48,123 | $ | 40,753 | $ | 7,370 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross interest | Gross interest | $ | 96,173 | $ | 78,863 | $ | 17,310 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalized interest | (17,092 | ) | (14,903 | ) | (2,189 | ) | Capitalized interest | (73,189) | (43,185) | (30,004) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | 31,031 | $ | 25,850 | $ | 5,181 | Interest expense | $ | 22,984 | $ | 35,678 | $ | (12,694) | |||||||||||||||||||
Average debt balance outstanding (1) | $ | 4,887,491 | $ | 4,244,247 | $ | 643,244 | Average debt balance outstanding(1) | $ | 10,672,372 | $ | 9,257,859 | $ | 1,414,513 | |||||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average annual interest rate (2) | 3.9 | % | 3.8 | % | 0.1 | % | Weighted-average annual interest rate(2) | 3.6 | % | 3.4 | % | 0.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents the average debt balance outstanding during the respective periods.
(2)Represents annualized total interest incurred divided by the average debt balance outstanding during the respective periods.
The net change in interest expense during the three months ended September 30, 2017,2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016,2021, resulted from the following (dollars in thousands):
| Component | Interest Rate(1) | Effective Date | Change | |||||||
| Increases in interest incurred due to: | ||||||||||
| Issuance of $425 million unsecured senior note payable | 4.09% | March 2017 | $ | 4,210 | ||||||
| Assumption of $203 million secured note payable | 3.40% | November 2016 | 1,840 | |||||||
| Higher average balance and interest rate on secured construction loans | Various | Various | 2,640 | |||||||
| Higher average interest rate on unsecured senior line of credit and term loans | 1,880 | |||||||||
| Total increases | 10,570 | |||||||||
| Decreases in interest incurred due to: | ||||||||||
| Repayments of debt: | ||||||||||
| Variable-rate unsecured senior bank term loan | Various | February 2017 | (750 | ) | ||||||
| $76 million secured note payable | 2.81% | December 2016 | (460 | ) | ||||||
| Lower average notional amounts of interest rate hedge agreements in effect | (1,500 | ) | ||||||||
| Amortization of loan fees | (240 | ) | ||||||||
| Other decrease in interest | (250 | ) | ||||||||
| Total decreases | (3,200 | ) | ||||||||
| Change in interest incurred | 7,370 | |||||||||
Increase in capitalized interest (2) | (2,189 | ) | ||||||||
| Total change in interest expense | $ | 5,181 | ||||||||
| Component | Interest Rate(1) | Effective Date | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increases in interest incurred due to: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuances of debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $1.0 billion unsecured senior notes payable due 2052 | 3.63 | % | February 2022 | $ | 8,897 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $800 million unsecured senior notes payable due 2034 – green bond | 3.07 | % | February 2022 | 5,944 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fluctuation in interest rate and average balance: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $2.0 billion commercial paper program | 3,600 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other increases in interest incurred | 529 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total increases | 18,970 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Decreases in interest incurred due to: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repayments of debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secured notes payable | 3.40 | % | April 2022 | (1,660) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total decreases | (1,660) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in gross interest | 17,310 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase in capitalized interest | (30,004) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total change in interest expense | $ | (12,694) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents the weighted-average interest rate as of the end of the applicable period, including amortization of loan fees, amortization of debt premiums (discounts), and other bank fees.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 20172022 increased by $30.7$44.1 million, or 39.7%20.9%, to $107.8$254.9 million, compared to $77.1$210.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016.2021. The increase iswas primarily due to additional depreciation from 1,592,628 RSF of development and redevelopment projects placed into service subsequent to July 1, 2016, and 16 operating properties totaling 1,468,708 RSF acquired, subsequent to July 1, 2016.as discussed above under “Rental revenues.”
80
During the three months ended September 30, 2017,2022, we recognized real estate impairment charges aggregating $38.8 million, primarily related to a gain$38.3 million write-off our entire investment in a future development project in one of $14.1 millionour existing submarkets in California. This impairment was recognized upon the completionour decision to no longer proceed with this project as a result of the saledeteriorated macroeconomic environment that negatively impacted the financial outlook for this project. For more information, refer to the “Sales of real estate assets and impairment charges” section of Note 3 – “Investments in real estate” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report.
During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we recognized impairment charges aggregating $42.6 million, primarily related to impairment charges for a condominium interestland parcel in our SoMa submarket for the development of an office property and a property located in our non-core submarket, to its estimated fair value less costs to sell.
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate joint venture property at 360 Longwood Avenue in our Longwood Medical Area submarket. This gain is reflected in ourventures
During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures of $40 thousand and $3.1 million, respectively. The decrease is primarily related to the sale of our investment in an unconsolidated real estate joint venture in our consolidated statements of income. Greater Stanford submarket in December 2021.
Refer to Note 4 – “Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures”“Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report for moreadditional information.
During the three months ended September 30, 2016,2022, we recognized investment losses aggregating $32.3 million, which consisted of $8.1$24.2 million of realized gains and $56.5 million of unrealized losses. Realized gains were primarily related to sales of investments and distributions received. Unrealized losses of $56.5 million primarily relates toconsisted of decreases in fair values of our decision to sell our real estate investments in Asia. Referpublicly traded companies and investments in privately held entities that report NAV.
During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we recognized investment income aggregating $67.1 million, which consisted of $81.5 million of realized gains and $14.4 million of unrealized losses.
For more information about our investments, refer to “Sale of Real Estate Assets and Impairment Charges” in Note 37 – “Investments in Real Estate”“Investments” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report for more information.report. For our impairments accounting policy, refer to the “Investments” section of Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report.
During the three months ended September 30, 2016,2022, we recognized a loss on early extinguishment$323.7 million of debtgains related to the write-offcompletion of a portionseven real estate dispositions. The gains were classified in gain on sales of unamortized loan fees aggregating $2.4 million upon the amendmentreal estate within our consolidated statements of our unsecured senior line of credit in July 2016. Additionally, we completed a partial principal repayment of $200 million of our 2019 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan and recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $869 thousand related to the write-off of unamortized loan fees. No such losses were recognized duringoperations for the three months ended September 30, 2017.2022.
During the three months ended September 30, 2016,2021, we repurchased 1.1completed the sales of three office properties located in our San Francisco Bay Area and Seattle markets for the aggregate purchase price of $73.1 million outstanding shares of our Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and recognized a preferred stock redemption chargeloss on sale of $13.1 million. We did not repurchase any sharesreal estate aggregating $435 thousand.
For more information about our sales of real estate, refer to the “Sales of real estate assets and impairment charges” section of Note 3 – “Investments in real estate” to our Series D Convertible Preferred Stock duringunaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report.
Other comprehensive income
Total other comprehensive income for the three months ended September 30, 2017.2022 decreased by $11.4 million to aggregate net unrealized losses of $12.9 million, compared to net unrealized losses of $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to the unrealized losses on foreign currency translation related to our operations in Canada and China.
81
Comparison of results for the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022 to the nine months ended September 30, 20162021
The following table presents a comparison of the components of net operating income for our Same Properties and Non-Same Properties for the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. For a reconciliation2021. Refer to the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for definitions of net“Tenant recoveries” and “Net operating incomeincome” and their reconciliations from net income, the most directly comparable financial measuremeasures presented in accordance with GAAP, referincome from rentals and net income, respectively.
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from rentals: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same Properties | $ | 1,041,128 | $ | 967,378 | $ | 73,750 | 7.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 409,622 | 215,577 | 194,045 | 90.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental revenues | 1,450,750 | 1,182,955 | 267,795 | 22.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same Properties | 355,063 | 299,072 | 55,991 | 18.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 104,553 | 51,566 | 52,987 | 102.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tenant recoveries | 459,616 | 350,638 | 108,978 | 31.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from rentals | 1,910,366 | 1,533,593 | 376,773 | 24.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same Properties | 496 | 386 | 110 | 28.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 7,819 | 3,248 | 4,571 | 140.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | 8,315 | 3,634 | 4,681 | 128.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same Properties | 1,396,687 | 1,266,836 | 129,851 | 10.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 521,994 | 270,391 | 251,603 | 93.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 1,918,681 | 1,537,227 | 381,454 | 24.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same Properties | 413,666 | 347,933 | 65,733 | 18.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 165,135 | 99,905 | 65,230 | 65.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental operations | 578,801 | 447,838 | 130,963 | 29.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same Properties | 983,021 | 918,903 | 64,118 | 7.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 356,859 | 170,486 | 186,373 | 109.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net operating income | $ | 1,339,880 | $ | 1,089,389 | $ | 250,491 | 23.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net operating income – Same Properties | $ | 983,021 | $ | 918,903 | $ | 64,118 | 7.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-line rent revenue | (49,851) | (60,316) | 10,465 | (17.4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of acquired below-market leases | (20,765) | (20,698) | (67) | 0.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net operating income – Same Properties (cash basis) | $ | 912,405 | $ | 837,889 | $ | 74,516 | 8.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
82
Income from rentals
Total income from rentals for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased by $376.8 million, or 24.6%, to $1.9 billion, compared to $1.5 billion for the “Non-GAAP Measuresnine months ended September 30, 2021, as a result of increase in rental revenues and Definitions” section within this Item 2.
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2017 | 2016 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||
| Same Properties | $ | 457,237 | $ | 445,740 | $ | 11,497 | 2.6 | % | ||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 177,919 | 40,765 | 137,154 | 336.5 | ||||||||||||
| Total rental | 635,156 | 486,505 | 148,651 | 30.6 | ||||||||||||
| Same Properties | 155,017 | 151,588 | 3,429 | 2.3 | ||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 33,857 | 13,797 | 20,060 | 145.4 | ||||||||||||
| Total tenant recoveries | 188,874 | 165,385 | 23,489 | 14.2 | ||||||||||||
| Same Properties | 341 | 77 | 264 | 342.9 | ||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 4,935 | 20,577 | (15,642 | ) | (76.0 | ) | ||||||||||
| Total other income | 5,276 | 20,654 | (15,378 | ) | (74.5 | ) | ||||||||||
| Same Properties | 612,595 | 597,405 | 15,190 | 2.5 | ||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 216,711 | 75,139 | 141,572 | 188.4 | ||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 829,306 | 672,544 | 156,762 | 23.3 | ||||||||||||
| Same Properties | 182,281 | 176,967 | 5,314 | 3.0 | ||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 55,255 | 28,197 | 27,058 | 96.0 | ||||||||||||
| Total rental operations | 237,536 | 205,164 | 32,372 | 15.8 | ||||||||||||
| Same Properties | 430,314 | 420,438 | 9,876 | 2.3 | ||||||||||||
| Non-Same Properties | 161,456 | 46,942 | 114,514 | 243.9 | ||||||||||||
| Net operating income | $ | 591,770 | $ | 467,380 | $ | 124,390 | 26.6 | % | ||||||||
| Net operating income – Same Properties | $ | 430,314 | $ | 420,438 | $ | 9,876 | 2.3 | % | ||||||||
| Straight-line rent revenue and amortization of acquired below-market leases | (13,439 | ) | (28,024 | ) | 14,585 | (52.0 | ) | |||||||||
| Net operating income – Same Properties (cash basis) | $ | 416,875 | $ | 392,414 | $ | 24,461 | 6.2 | % | ||||||||
tenant recoveries, as discussed below.
Rental revenues
Total rental revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022 increased by $148.7$267.8 million, or 30.6%22.6%, to $635.2 million,$1.5 billion, compared to $486.5 million$1.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.2021. The increase was primarily due to an increase in rental revenues from our Non-Same Properties totaling $137.2 million related to 2,355,7563.4 million RSF of development and redevelopment projects placed into service subsequent to January 1, 2016,2021 and 16107 operating properties totaling 1,468,708aggregating 9.4 million RSF acquired subsequent to January 1, 2016.2021.
Rental revenues from our Same Properties for the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022 increased by $11.5$73.8 million, or 2.6%7.6%, to $457.2 million,$1.0 billion, compared to $445.7$967.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.2021. The increase was primarily due to significant rental rate increases on lease renewals and re-leasing of space since January 1, 2016. Refer to “Leasing” within the “Operating Summary” section of this Item 2 for additional information on our leasing activity. The2021 and an increase was slightly offset by a decrease in rental revenue as a result of a decrease in Same Properties’ occupancy to 96.0%95.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022 from 97.2%94.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Refer to “Same Properties” in the section above within this Item 2 for additional information on the change in our Same Properties’ occupancy rates.2021.
Tenant recoveries
Tenant recoveries for the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022 increased by $23.5$109.0 million, or 14.2%31.1%, to $188.9$459.6 million, compared to $165.4$350.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.2021. This increase is relatively consistent with the increase inwas partially from our rental operating expenses of $32.4 million, or 15.8%,Non-Same Properties related to our development and redevelopment projects placed into service and properties acquired subsequent to January 1, 2021, as discussed above under “Rental Operating Expenses” below. revenues.”
Same Properties’ tenant recoveries increased by $3.4 million, or 2.3%, primarily due to the increase in recoverable operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022 increased by $56.0 million, or 18.7%, primarily due to higher operating expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as discussed under “Rental operations” below. As of September 30, 2017, 97%2022, 91% of our leases (on an RSFannual rental revenue basis) were triple net leases, which require tenants to pay substantially all real estate taxes, insurance, utilities, repairs and maintenance, common area expenses, and other operating expenses (including increases thereto) in addition to base rent.
Other income
Other income for the nine months ended September 30, 20172022 and 2016,2021 was $8.3 million and $3.6 million, respectively, which primarily consisted of the following (in thousands):construction management fees and interest income earned during each respective period.
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | Change | ||||||||||
| Management fee income | $ | 1,643 | $ | 380 | $ | 1,263 | ||||||
| Interest and other income | 1,626 | 2,223 | (597 | ) | ||||||||
| Investment income | 2,007 | 18,051 | (16,044 | ) | ||||||||
| Total other income | $ | 5,276 | $ | 20,654 | $ | (15,378 | ) | |||||
Rental operating expensesoperations
Total rental operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022 increased by $32.4$131.0 million, or 15.8%29.2%, to $237.5$578.8 million, compared to $205.2$447.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Approximately $27.1 million of the2021. The increase was partially due to an increase in rental operatingincremental expenses fromrelated to our Non-Same Properties, primarily related to 2,355,756 RSFwhich consist of development and redevelopment projects placed into service subsequent to January 1, 2016, and 16 operatingacquired properties, totaling 1,468,708 RSF acquired subsequent to January 1, 2016.as discussed above under “Rental revenues.”
Same Properties’ rental operating expenses increased by $5.3$65.7 million, or 3.0%18.9%, to $182.3$413.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022, compared to $177.0$347.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016,2021. The increase was primarily the result of increases in: (i) utilities expenses aggregating $17.3 million, primarily due to higher utility expenses, higher snow removal services,increased electricity usage and higher repair and maintenance expenses resulting from a comparably colder winter. The increase in Same Properties’ rental operating expenses was partially offset byrates; (ii) property tax refundsexpenses aggregating $13.0 million, primarily related to changes in the ownership of four of our consolidated joint ventures located in our Mission Bay submarket during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017.December 31, 2021, and resulting tax reassessment of values of the properties held by these joint ventures; and (iii) higher contract services costs aggregating $10.3 million, primarily due to increases in consumption and rates.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022 increased by $9.7$24.5 million, or 20.8%22.3%, to $56.1$134.3 million, compared to $46.4$109.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. General and administrative expenses increased2021. Approximately $7.2 million of the increase
was the result of the acceleration of stock compensation expense recognized in connection with the resignation of Stephen A. Richardson, our former Co-Chief Executive Officer, effective on July 31, 2022.
The remaining increase was primarily due to the costs related to corporate related costs, additional headcount, and corporate responsibility efforts, as well as the continued growth in the depth and breadth of our operations in multiple markets, including a 30.6% increase in total rental revenue to $635.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $486.5 million for the same period in 2016,development and including a 4.1 million RSF, or 16.7%, increase in our North America asset base subsequent to October 1, 2016.redevelopment projects placed into service and properties acquired, as discussed above under “Rental revenues.” As a percentage of total assets,net operating income, our general and administrative expenses for the ninetrailing twelve months ended September 30, 20172022 and 2016, year-to-date annualized, declined to 0.6% from 0.7%2021 were 10.1% and 10.1%, respectively.
83
Interest expense
Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 20172022 and 2016,2021 consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Component | 2017 | 2016 | Change | Component | 2022 | 2021 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest incurred | $ | 137,888 | $ | 116,520 | $ | 21,368 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross interest | Gross interest | $ | 275,835 | $ | 233,866 | $ | 41,969 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalized interest | (45,325 | ) | (40,790 | ) | (4,535 | ) | Capitalized interest | (199,154) | (126,563) | (72,591) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | 92,563 | $ | 75,730 | $ | 16,833 | Interest expense | $ | 76,681 | $ | 107,303 | $ | (30,622) | |||||||||||||||||||
Average debt balance outstanding (1) | $ | 4,675,967 | $ | 4,150,540 | $ | 525,427 | Average debt balance outstanding(1) | $ | 10,373,770 | $ | 8,960,600 | $ | 1,413,170 | |||||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average annual interest rate (2) | 3.9 | % | 3.7 | % | 0.2 | % | Weighted-average annual interest rate(2) | 3.5 | % | 3.5 | % | — | % | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents the average debt balance outstanding during the respective periods.
(2)Represents annualized total interest incurred divided by the average debt balance outstanding during the respective periods.
The net change in interest expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016,2021, resulted from the following (dollars in thousands):
| Component | Interest Rate(1) | Effective Date | Change | |||||||
| Increases in interest incurred due to: | ||||||||||
| Issuance of debt: | ||||||||||
| $425 million unsecured senior note payable | 4.09% | March 2017 | $ | 9,730 | ||||||
| $350 million unsecured senior note payable | 4.14% | June 2016 | 6,160 | |||||||
| Secured construction loan | 3.89% | April 2016 | 2,770 | |||||||
| Assumption of $203 million secured note payable | 3.40% | November 2016 | 5,520 | |||||||
| Higher average balance and interest rate on secured construction loans | Various | Various | 4,460 | |||||||
| Higher average interest rate on unsecured senior line of credit and term loans | 2,790 | |||||||||
| Total increases | 31,430 | |||||||||
| Decreases in interest incurred due to: | ||||||||||
| Repayments of debt: | ||||||||||
Secured notes payable (2) | Various | Various | (4,550 | ) | ||||||
| Unsecured senior bank term loan | Various | February 2017 | (2,960 | ) | ||||||
| Lower average notional amounts of interest rate hedge agreements in effect | (1,910 | ) | ||||||||
| Amortization of loan fees | (220 | ) | ||||||||
| Other decrease in interest | (422 | ) | ||||||||
| Total decreases | (10,062 | ) | ||||||||
| Change in interest incurred | 21,368 | |||||||||
Increase in capitalized interest (3) | (4,535 | ) | ||||||||
| Total change in interest expense | $ | 16,833 | ||||||||
| Component | Interest Rate(1) | Effective Date | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increases in interest incurred due to: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuances of debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $850 million unsecured senior notes payable | 3.08 | % | February 2021 | $ | 3,341 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $900 million unsecured senior notes payable – green bond | 2.12 | % | February 2021 | 2,383 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $1.0 billion unsecured senior notes payable | 3.63 | % | February 2022 | 22,241 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $800 million unsecured senior notes payable – green bond | 3.07 | % | February 2022 | 14,859 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fluctuation in interest rate and average balance: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $2.0 billion commercial paper program | 4,474 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other increase in interest | 845 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total increases | 48,143 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Decreases in interest incurred due to: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repayments of debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $650 million unsecured senior notes payable – green bond | 4.03 | % | March 2021 | (2,945) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secured notes payable | 3.40 | % | April 2022 | (3,229) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total decreases | (6,174) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in gross interest | 41,969 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase in capitalized interest | (72,591) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total change in interest expense | $ | (30,622) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents the weighted-average interest rate as of the end of the applicable period, including amortization of loan fees, amortization of debt premiums (discounts), and other bank fees.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022 increased by $90.9$155.9 million, or 41.7%26.8%, to $309.1$737.7 million, compared to $218.2$581.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.2021. The increase iswas primarily due to additional depreciation from 2,355,756 RSF of development and redevelopment projects placed into service subsequent to January 1, 2016, and 16 operating properties totaling 1,468,708 RSF acquired, subsequent to January 1, 2016.as discussed above under Rental revenues.
84
Impairment of real estate recognized during
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, of $203 thousand related2022, we recognized real estate impairment charges aggregating $38.8 million, including $38.3 million to write off our 20,580 RSF property locatedentire investment in a non-cluster marketfuture development project in one of our existing submarkets in California. This impairment was recognized upon our decision to no longer proceed with this project as a result of the deteriorated macroeconomic environment that was classified as heldnegatively impacted the financial outlook for sale as of June 30, 2017, and was sold in July 2017 with no gain or loss.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, of $193.22021, we recognized impairment charges aggregating $52.7 million, primarily related to impairment charges for a land parcel in our decisionSoMa submarket for the development of an office property and a property located in our non-core submarket, to monetizeits estimated fair value less costs to sell.
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $3.3 million, including a prepayment penalty and the write-off of unamortized loan fees, related to the repayment of two secured notes payable.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $67.3 million, including the write-off of unamortized loan fees primarily related to the refinancing of our 4.00% unsecured senior notes payable aggregating $650.0 million due in 2024 pursuant to a partial cash tender offer completed on February 10, 2021 and a subsequent call for redemption of the remaining outstanding amounts completed on March 12, 2021.
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate investmentsjoint ventures
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized equity in Asia. earnings of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures of $473 thousand and $9.2 million, respectively. The decrease is primarily related to the sale of our investment in an unconsolidated real estate joint venture in our Greater Stanford submarket in December 2021.
Refer to “Sale of Real Estate AssetsNote 4 – “Consolidated and Impairment Charges” in Note 3 – “Investments in Real Estate”unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report for moreadditional information.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022, we repaid $200recognized investment losses aggregating $312.1 million, which consisted of $76.0 million of our 2019 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan to reduce the total outstanding balance from $400realized gains and $388.1 million to $200of unrealized losses. Realized gains of $76.0 million primarily consisted of sales of investments and recognized a lossdistributions received. Unrealized losses of $670 thousand related to the write-off of unamortized loan fees. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt related to the write-off of a portion of unamortized loan fees aggregating $2.4$388.1 million upon the amendment of our unsecured senior line of credit in July 2016. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we completed a partial principal repayment2022 primarily consisted of $200 milliondecreases in fair values of our 2019 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan to reduce the total outstanding balance from $600 million to $400 million,investments in publicly traded companies and recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $869 thousand related to the write-off of unamortized loan fees.investments in privately held entities that report NAV.
During the nine months ended September 30, 20172021, we recognized investment income aggregating $372.4 million, which consisted of $189.0 million of realized gains and 2016, we repurchased, in privately negotiated transactions, 501,115 and 3.0$183.3 million outstanding shares, respectively, of unrealized gains.
For more information about our Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and recognized a preferred stock redemption charge of $5.8 million and $25.6 million, respectively.
85
Gain on sales of real estate
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized $537.9 million of gains related to the completion of nine real estate dispositions. The gains were classified in gain on sales of real estate within our consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recognized $2.3 million of gains, which included $2.8 million of gains related to the completion of two real estate dispositions and a loss of $435 thousand related to the sale of an office property located in our San Francisco Bay Area market. The net gains were classified in gain on sales of real estate within our consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
For more information.
information about our sales of real estate, refer to the “Sales of real estate assets and impairment charges” section of Note 3 – “Investments in real estate” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report.
Other comprehensive income
Total other comprehensive income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, decreased by $18.0 million to aggregate net unrealized losses of $17.4 million, compared to net unrealized gains of $596 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to the unrealized losses on foreign currency translation related to our operations in Canada and China.
86
Summary of capital expenditures
Our construction spending for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):
| Construction Spending | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Additions to real estate – consolidated projects | $ | 2,324,017 | |||||||||
| Investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | 1,245 | ||||||||||
| Contributions from noncontrolling interests | (205,117) | ||||||||||
| Construction spending (cash basis) | 2,120,145 | ||||||||||
| Change in accrued construction | 118,203 | ||||||||||
| Construction spending for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 | 2,238,348 | ||||||||||
| Projected construction spending for the three months ending December 31, 2022 | 761,652 | ||||||||||
| Guidance midpoint | $ | 3,000,000 | |||||||||
The following table summarizes the total projected construction spending for the year ending December 31, 2022, which includes interest, property taxes, insurance, payroll, and other indirect project costs (in thousands):
| Projected Construction Spending | Year Ending December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Development, redevelopment, and pre-construction projects | $ | 3,106,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions from noncontrolling interests (consolidated real estate joint ventures) | (286,000) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue-enhancing and repositioning capital expenditures | 98,000 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-revenue-enhancing capital expenditures | 82,000 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Guidance midpoint | $ | 3,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
87
Projected results
We present updated guidance for EPS attributable to Alexandria’s common stockholders – diluted, funds from operations per share attributable to Alexandria’s common stockholders – diluted, and funds from operations per share attributable to Alexandria’s common stockholders – diluted, as adjusted, based on our current view of existing market conditions and other assumptions for the year ending December 31, 2017,2022 as set forth and as adjusted, in the tabletables below. The tables below also provide a reconciliation of EPS per share attributable to Alexandria’s common stockholders – diluted, the most directly comparable financial measure presented in accordance with GAAP, measure, to funds from operations per share, a non-GAAP measure, and other key assumptions included in our updated guidance for the year ending December 31, 2017.2022. There can be no assurance that actual amounts will not be materially higher or lower than these expectations. Refer to our discussion of “Forward-Looking Statements”“Forward-looking statements” within this Item 2.
| Projected 2022 Earnings per Share and Funds From Operations per Share Attributable to Alexandria’s Common Stockholders – Diluted | As of 10/24/22 | As of 7/25/22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earnings per share(1) | $3.56 to $3.58 | $2.14 to $2.20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets | 5.50 | 5.50 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sales of real estate | (3.35) | (1.34) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allocation of unvested restricted stock awards | (0.01) | (0.02) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Funds from operations per share(2) | $5.70 to $5.72 | $6.28 to $6.34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized losses on non-real estate investments | 2.42 | 2.07 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of real estate | 0.24 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 0.02 | 0.02 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acceleration of stock compensation expense due to executive officer resignation | 0.04 | 0.04 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allocation to unvested restricted stock awards | (0.03) | (0.02) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 0.01 | (0.01) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Funds from operations per share, as adjusted(2) | $8.40 to $8.42 | $8.38 to $8.44 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Midpoint | $8.41 | $8.41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Excludes unrealized gains or losses after September 30, 2022 that are required to be recognized in earnings and are excluded from funds from operations per share, as adjusted.
(2)Refer to the definition of “Funds from operations and funds from operations, as adjusted, attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders” in the “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section within this Item 2 for additional information.
Key Assumptions(1) (Dollars in millions) | 2022 Guidance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Low | High | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy percentage for operating properties in North America as of December 31, 2022(2) | 95.0% | 95.6% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease renewals and re-leasing of space: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental rate increases | 30.0% | 35.0% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental rate increases (cash basis) | 18.0% | 23.0% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same property performance: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net operating income increase | 6.0% | 8.0% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net operating income increase (cash basis) | 6.8% | 8.8% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Straight-line rent revenue(3) | $ | 139 | $ | 149 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | $ | 172 | $ | 180 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalization of interest | $ | 269 | $ | 279 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | 90 | $ | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Our assumptions presented in the table above are subject to a number of variables and uncertainties, including those discussed as “Forward-looking statements” under Part I; and “Item 1A. Risk factors” and “Item 7. Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as well as in “Item 1A. Risk factors” within “Part II – Other information” of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.
(2)Updated guidance for occupancy percentage in North America as of December 31, 2022, reflects one property acquired during the three months ended September 30, 2022 with 70,278 operating RSF that was occupied by the seller through September 30, 2022.
(3)Reduction in our guidance range for straight-line rent revenue by $5 million is primarily attributable to: i) completed and projected dispositions, and ii) the write-off of deferred rent in 3Q22 in connection with the early termination of one below-market lease aggregating 21,621 RSF, with no downtime in occupancy, at rental rate increases of 23% and 36% (cash basis).
| Earnings per Share and Funds From Operations per Share Attributable to Alexandria’s Common Stockholders – Diluted | |||||||
| As of 10/30/17 | As of 7/31/17 | ||||||
| Earnings per share | $1.57 to $1.59 | $1.40 to $1.46 | |||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 4.45 | 4.45 | |||||
| Less: our share of gain on sale of real estate from unconsolidated JVs | (0.15) | — | |||||
| Allocation of unvested restricted stock awards | (0.04) | (0.04) | |||||
| Funds from operations per share | $5.83 to $5.85 | $5.81 to $5.87 | |||||
Add: impairment of non-real estate investments (1) | 0.05 | 0.05 | |||||
| Add: loss on early extinguishment of debt | 0.01 | 0.01 | |||||
Add: preferred stock redemption charge (2) | 0.12 | 0.12 | |||||
| Funds from operations per share, as adjusted | $6.01 to $6.03 | $5.99 to $6.05 | |||||
Key Assumptions (3) (Dollars in millions) | 2017 Guidance | |||||||
| Low | High | |||||||
| Occupancy percentage for operating properties in North America as of December 31, 2017 | 96.6% | 97.2% | ||||||
| Lease renewals and re-leasing of space: | ||||||||
| Rental rate increases | 20.5% | 23.5% | ||||||
| Rental rate increases (cash basis) | 10.5% | 13.5% | ||||||
| Same property performance: | ||||||||
| Net operating income increase | 2.0% | 4.0% | ||||||
| Net operating income increase (cash basis) | 5.5% | 7.5% | ||||||
| Straight-line rent revenue | $ | 107 | $ | 112 | ||||
General and administrative expenses (4) | $ | 68 | $ | 73 | ||||
Capitalization of interest (4) | $ | 48 | $ | 58 | ||||
Interest expense (4) | $ | 131 | $ | 141 | ||||
| Key Credit Metrics | ||||||||||||||
| Net debt and preferred stock to Adjusted EBITDA – fourth quarter of | ||||||||||||||
| Fixed-charge coverage ratio – fourth quarter of | Greater than | |||||||||||||
Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures
We present components of balance sheet and operating results information for the noncontrolling interests’interest share of our consolidated real estate joint ventures and for our share of investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures to help investors estimate balance sheet and operating results information related to our partially owned entities. These amounts are estimated by computing, for each joint venture that we consolidate in our financial statements, the noncontrolling interest percentage of each financial item to arrive at the cumulative noncontrolling interest share of each component presented. In addition, for our real estate joint ventures that we do not control and do not consolidate, we apply our economic ownership percentage to the unconsolidated real estate joint ventures to arrive at our proportionate share of each component presented. Refer to Note 4 – “Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report for further discussion.
| Consolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property/Market/Submarket | Noncontrolling(1) Interest Share | Operating RSF at 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 50 and 60 Binney Street/Greater Boston/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 66.0 | % | 532,395 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 75/125 Binney Street/Greater Boston/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 60.0 | % | 388,270 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100 and 225 Binney Street and 300 Third Street/Greater Boston/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 70.0 | % | (2) | 870,106 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 99 Coolidge Avenue/Greater Boston/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 25.0 | % | — | (3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Center® for Science and Technology – Mission Bay/San Francisco Bay Area/Mission Bay(4) | 75.0 | % | 1,005,989 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1450 Owens Street/San Francisco Bay Area/Mission Bay | 34.5 | % | (2)(5) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 601, 611, 651, 681, 685, and 701 Gateway Boulevard/San Francisco Bay Area/South San Francisco | 50.0 | % | 789,567 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 751 Gateway Boulevard/San Francisco Bay Area/South San Francisco | 49.0 | % | — | (3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 213 East Grand Avenue/San Francisco Bay Area/South San Francisco | 70.0 | % | 300,930 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 500 Forbes Boulevard/San Francisco Bay Area/South San Francisco | 90.0 | % | 155,685 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Millbrae/San Francisco Bay Area/South San Francisco | 55.7 | % | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3215 Merryfield Row/San Diego/Torrey Pines | 70.0 | % | (2) | 170,523 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexandria Point/San Diego/University Town Center(6) | 45.0 | % | 1,337,916 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5200 Illumina Way/San Diego/University Town Center | 49.0 | % | 792,687 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9625 Towne Centre Drive/San Diego/University Town Center | 49.9 | % | 163,648 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
SD Tech by Alexandria/San Diego/Sorrento Mesa(7) | 50.0 | % | 803,430 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pacific Technology Park/San Diego/Sorrento Mesa | 50.0 | % | 553,551 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Summers Ridge Science Park/San Diego/Sorrento Mesa(8) | 70.0 | % | (2) | 316,531 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1201 and 1208 Eastlake Avenue East and 199 East Blaine Street /Seattle/Lake Union | 70.0 | % | 321,218 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 400 Dexter Avenue North/Seattle/Lake Union | 70.0 | % | 290,111 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 800 Mercer Street/Seattle/Lake Union | 40.0 | % | (2) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property/Market/Submarket | Our Ownership Share(9) | Operating RSF at 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1655 and 1725 Third Street/San Francisco Bay Area/Mission Bay | 10.0 | % | 586,208 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1401/1413 Research Boulevard/Maryland/Rockville | 65.0 | % | (10) | (11) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1450 Research Boulevard/Maryland/Rockville | 73.2 | % | (12) | 42,679 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101 West Dickman Street/Maryland/Beltsville | 57.9 | % | (12) | 135,423 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)In addition to the consolidated real estate joint ventures listed, various partners hold insignificant noncontrolling interests in three other real estate joint ventures in North America.
(2)Refer to the “Formation of consolidated real estate joint ventures and sales of partial interests” subsection in Note 4 – “Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report for additional information.
(3)Represents a property currently under construction. Refer to “New Class A development and redevelopment properties: current projects” within this Item 2 for additional details.
(4)Includes 409 and 499 Illinois Street, 1500 and 1700 Owens Street, and 455 Mission Bay Boulevard South.
(5)The noncontrolling interest share of our joint venture partner is anticipated to increase to 75% as our partner contributes capital for construction over time.
(6)Includes 10210, 10260, 10290, and 10300 Campus Point Drive and 4110, 4150, 4161, 4224, and 4242 Campus Point Court.
(7)Includes 9605, 9645, 9675, 9685, 9725, 9735, 9808, 9855, and 9868 Scranton Road and 10055 and 10065 Barnes Canyon Road.
(8)Includes 9965, 9975, 9985 and 9995 Summers Ridge Road.
(9)In addition to the unconsolidated real estate joint ventures listed, we hold an interest in one other insignificant unconsolidated real estate joint venture in North America.
(10)Represents our ownership interest; our voting interest is limited to 50%.
(11)Represents a joint venture with a distinguished retail real estate developer for an approximately 90,000 RSF retail shopping center.
(12)Represents a joint venture with a local real estate operator in which our partner manages the day-to-day activities that significantly affect the economic performance of the joint venture.
89
| Maturity Date | Stated Rate | Interest Rate(1) | At 100% | Our Share | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unconsolidated Joint Venture | Aggregate Commitment | Debt Balance(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1401/1413 Research Boulevard | 12/23/24 | 2.70% | 3.32 | % | $ | 28,500 | $ | 28,079�� | 65.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1655 and 1725 Third Street | 3/10/25 | 4.50% | 4.57 | % | 600,000 | 598,974 | 10.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101 West Dickman Street | 11/10/26 | SOFR+1.95% | (3) | 4.33 | % | 26,750 | 10,439 | 57.9% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1450 Research Boulevard | 12/10/26 | SOFR+1.95% | (3) | N/A | 13,000 | — | 73.2% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 668,250 | $ | 637,492 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maturity Date | Stated Rate | Interest Rate (1) | Debt Balance (2) | Outstanding Principal | Remaining Commitments | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| 9/1/22 | (3) | 3.32 | % | 3.62 | % | $ | 94,086 | $ | 95,000 | $ | — | $ | 95,000 | ||||||||||||
| 9/1/22 | (3) | L+1.85 | % | N/A | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 17,000 | $ | 17,000 | |||||||||||||
(3)This loan is subject to a fixed SOFR floor rate of 0.75%.
| Maturity Date | Stated Rate | Interest Rate (1) | Debt Balance (2) | Outstanding Principal | Remaining Commitments | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5/17/20 | (4) | L+2.50 | % | (5) | 5.07 | % | $ | 3,699 | $ | 3,829 | $ | 21,171 | $ | 25,000 | |||||||||||
The following tables present information related to the operating results and financial positionsposition of our consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands):
| Noncontrolling Interest Share of Consolidated Real Estate JVs | Our Share of Unconsolidated Real Estate JVs | Noncontrolling Interest Share of Consolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures | Our Share of Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2017 | September 30, 2017 | September 30, 2022 | September 30, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 13,400 | $ | 41,022 | $ | 1,044 | $ | 5,849 | Total revenues | $ | 96,841 | $ | 264,781 | $ | 2,875 | $ | 8,441 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental operations | (4,189 | ) | (11,772 | ) | (489 | ) | (2,194 | ) | Rental operations | (30,154) | (78,182) | (1,074) | (2,444) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9,211 | 29,250 | 555 | 3,655 | 66,687 | 186,599 | 1,801 | 5,997 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | (52 | ) | (126 | ) | (10 | ) | (40 | ) | General and administrative | (352) | (1,222) | — | (96) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | — | — | (168 | ) | (1,552 | ) | Interest | — | — | (966) | (2,744) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | (3,608 | ) | (10,985 | ) | (383 | ) | (1,119 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of real estate | — | — | 14,106 | 14,106 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets | Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets | (27,790) | (77,889) | (795) | (2,684) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed returns allocated to redeemable noncontrolling interests(1) | Fixed returns allocated to redeemable noncontrolling interests(1) | 202 | 604 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 5,551 | (1) | $ | 18,139 | (1) | $ | 14,100 | $ | 15,050 | $ | 38,747 | $ | 108,092 | $ | 40 | $ | 473 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-line rent and below-market lease revenue | Straight-line rent and below-market lease revenue | $ | 3,285 | $ | 11,918 | $ | 322 | $ | 862 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Funds from operations(2) | Funds from operations(2) | $ | 66,537 | $ | 185,981 | $ | 835 | $ | 3,157 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents an allocation of joint venture earnings to redeemable noncontrolling interests primarily in one property in our South San Francisco submarket. These redeemable noncontrolling interests earn a fixed return on their investment rather than participate in the operating results of the property.
| September 30, 2017 | ||||||||
| Noncontrolling Interest Share of Consolidated Real Estate JVs | Our Share of Unconsolidated Real Estate JVs | |||||||
| Investments in real estate | $ | 476,339 | $ | 57,340 | ||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 13,957 | 4,317 | ||||||
| Other assets | 29,534 | 3,707 | ||||||
| Secured notes payable | — | (28,278 | ) | |||||
| Other liabilities | (21,989 | ) | (3,394 | ) | ||||
| Redeemable noncontrolling interests | (11,418 | ) | (1) | — | ||||
| $ | 486,423 | $ | 33,692 | |||||
| As of September 30, 2022 | |||||||||||
| Noncontrolling Interest Share of Consolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures | Our Share of Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures | ||||||||||
| Investments in real estate | $ | 3,327,281 | $ | 111,614 | |||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 130,145 | 4,799 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 385,072 | 10,982 | |||||||||
| Secured notes payable | (9,986) | (84,198) | |||||||||
| Other liabilities | (193,468) | (4,912) | |||||||||
| Redeemable noncontrolling interests | (9,612) | — | |||||||||
| $ | 3,629,432 | $ | 38,285 | ||||||||
During the nine months ended September 30, 20172022 and 2016, we distributed $17.4 million and $10.9 million, respectively, to2021, our consolidated real estate joint ventures distributed an aggregate of $139.5 million and $81.9 million, respectively, to our joint venture partners. The increase is primarily related to the distributions to real estate joint ventures formed with TIAA in December 2015 and December 2016 at 10300 Campus Point Drive in our University Town Center submarket of San Diego. Refer to our consolidated statements of cash flows and Note 34 – “Investments in Real Estate”“Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report for additional information.
Investments
We hold equity investments in certain publicly traded companies and privately held entities and limited partnerships primarily involved in the life science, agtech, and technology industries.
| September 30, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | Year Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized gains | $ | 24,210 | $ | 75,971 | $ | 215,845 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized (losses) gains | (56,515) | (388,076) | 43,632 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment (loss) income | $ | (32,305) | $ | (312,105) | $ | 259,477 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments (In thousands) | Cost | Unrealized Gains | Unrealized Losses | Carrying Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Publicly traded companies | $ | 220,787 | $ | 102,196 | $ | (99,441) | $ | 223,542 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entities that report NAV | 438,087 | 331,477 | (6,297) | 763,267 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entities that do not report NAV: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entities with observable price changes | 104,337 | 95,289 | (2,166) | 197,460 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entities without observable price changes | 384,278 | — | — | 384,278 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting | N/A | N/A | N/A | 56,374 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2022 | $ | 1,147,489 | (2) | $ | 528,962 | $ | (107,904) | $ | 1,624,921 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | $ | 1,007,303 | $ | 830,863 | $ | (33,190) | $ | 1,876,564 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Includes six separate significant realized gains aggregating $110.1 million related to the following transactions: (i) the sales of investments in three publicly traded biotechnology companies, (ii) a distribution received from a limited partnership investment, and (iii) the acquisition of two of our privately held non-real estate investments in a biopharmaceutical company and a biotechnology company.
(2)Represents 3.0% of gross assets as of September 30, 2017 (dollars in thousands, unless stated otherwise):2022.
| Public/Private Investment Mix (Cost) | Tenant/Non-Tenant Mix (Cost) | |||||||||||||
 |  | |||||||||||||
Investment Type | Cost | Net Unrealized Gains | Total | Number of Investments | ||||||||||
| Public | $ | 55,433 | $ | 45,189 | $ | 100,622 | 259 | |||||||
| Private | 384,640 | — | 384,640 | Average Cost | ||||||||||
| Total | $ | 440,073 | $ | 45,189 | $ | 485,262 | $1.7M | |||||||
Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA (1) | Net Debt and Preferred Stock to Adjusted EBITDA (1) | ||||
 |  | ||||
Fixed-Charge Coverage Ratio (1) | Liquidity (2) | ||||
 | $1.7B | ||||
| (In millions) | |||||
| Availability under our $1.65 billion unsecured senior line of credit | $ | 1,336 | |||
| Remaining construction loan commitments | 156 | ||||
| Available-for-sale equity securities, at fair value | 101 | ||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 146 | ||||
| $ | 1,739 | ||||
Mix (Cost) | ||||||||
 | ||||||||
Mix (Cost) | ||||||||
 |
91
Liquidity
| Liquidity | Minimal Outstanding Borrowings and Significant Availability on Unsecured Senior Line of Credit | ||||||||||||||||
| $6.4B | (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||
 | |||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Availability under our unsecured senior line of credit, net of amounts outstanding under our commercial paper program | $ | 3,613 | |||||||||||||||
Outstanding forward equity sales agreements(1) | 1,494 | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 866 | ||||||||||||||||
| Remaining construction loan commitments | 154 | ||||||||||||||||
| Investments in publicly traded companies | 224 | ||||||||||||||||
| Liquidity as of September 30, | $ | 6,351 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Represents expected net proceeds from the future settlement of 8.0 million shares under forward equity sales agreements.
We expect to meet certain long-term liquidity requirements, such as requirements for development, redevelopment, other construction projects, capital improvements, tenant improvements, property acquisitions, leasing costs, non-revenue-enhancing capital expenditures, scheduled debt maturities, distributions to noncontrolling interests, repurchase/redemptionand payment of preferred stock, and dividends through net cash provided by operating activities, periodic asset sales, strategic real estate joint venture capital, andventures, long-term secured and unsecured indebtedness, including borrowings under our $1.65 billion unsecured senior line of credit, unsecured senior bank term loans,issuances under our commercial paper program, and the issuanceissuances of additional debt and/or equity securities.
We also expect to continue meeting our short-term liquidity and capital requirements, as further detailed in this section, generally through our working capital and net cash provided by operating activities. We believe that the net cash provided by operating activities will continue to be sufficient to enable us to make the distributions necessary to continue qualifying as a REIT.
For additional information on our liquidity requirements related to our contractual obligations and commitments, refer to Note 5 – “Leases” and Note 10 – “Secured and unsecured senior debt” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report for additional information.
Over the next several years, our balance sheet, capital structure, and liquidity objectives are as follows:
•Retain positive cash flows from operating activities after payment of dividends and distributions to noncontrolling interests for investment in development and redevelopment projects and/or acquisitions;
•Maintain diverse sources of capital, including sources from net cash provided by operating activities, unsecured debt, secured debt, selective real estate asset sales, strategic real estate joint venture capital, preferred stock,ventures, non-real estate investment sales, and common stock;
•Maintain prudent laddering of debt maturities;
•Maintain solid credit metrics;
•Maintain significant balance sheet liquidity;
•Prudently manage variable-rate debt exposure through the reduction of short-term and medium-term variable-rate bank debt;
•Maintain a large, unencumbered asset pool to provide financial flexibility;
•Fund preferred stock and common stock dividends and distributions to noncontrolling interests from net cash provided by operating activities;
•Manage a disciplined level of value-creation projects as a percentage of our gross investments in real estate;estate assets; and
•Maintain high levels of pre-leasing and percentage leased in value-creation projects.
The following table presents the availability under our $1.65 billion unsecured senior line of credit, available commitmentsnet of amounts outstanding under our commercial paper program; availability under our secured construction loans, available-for-saleloan; outstanding forward equity securities,sales agreements; cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash; and investments in publicly traded companies as of September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):
| Description | Stated Rate | Aggregate Commitments | Outstanding Balance(1) | Remaining Commitments/Liquidity | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Availability under our unsecured senior line of credit, net of amounts outstanding under our commercial paper program | SOFR+0.875% | $ | 4,000,000 | $ | 386,666 | $ | 3,613,185 | |||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding forward equity sales agreements(2) | 1,493,913 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 866,168 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Remaining construction loan commitments | SOFR+2.70% | $ | 195,300 | $ | 39,944 | 153,862 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in publicly traded companies | 223,542 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liquidity as of September 30, 2022 | $ | 6,350,670 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents outstanding principal, net of unamortized deferred financing costs, as of September 30, 2022.
(2)Represents expected net proceeds from the future settlement of 8.0 million shares under forward equity sales agreements.
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had $866.2 million and $415.2 million, respectively, of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. We expect existing cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, as of September 30, 2017 (dollars in thousands):
| Description | Aggregate Commitments | Outstanding Balance | Remaining Commitments/Liquidity | |||||||||
| $1.65 billion unsecured senior line of credit | $ | 1,650,000 | $ | 314,000 | $ | 1,336,000 | ||||||
| Secured construction loans: | ||||||||||||
| 50 and 60 Binney Street/Greater Boston | 350,000 | 317,979 | 32,021 | |||||||||
| 100 Binney Street/Greater Boston | 304,281 | 179,764 | 124,517 | |||||||||
| $ | 2,304,281 | $ | 811,743 | 1,492,538 | ||||||||
| Available-for-sale equity securities, at fair value | 100,622 | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 146,275 | |||||||||||
| Total liquidity | $ | 1,739,435 | ||||||||||
| September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
| Funds held in trust under the terms of certain secured notes payable | $ | 17,853 | $ | 7,387 | |||
| Funds held in escrow related to construction projects and investing activities | 4,544 | 4,541 | |||||
| Other | 5,316 | 4,406 | |||||
| Total | $ | 27,713 | $ | 16,334 | |||
Cash flows
We report and analyze our cash flows based on operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. The following table summarizes changes in our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | Change | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 893,158 | $ | 760,637 | $ | 132,521 | |||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (3,720,618) | $ | (5,433,393) | $ | 1,712,775 | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | 3,279,025 | $ | 4,442,763 | $ | (1,163,738) | |||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | Change | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 356,330 | $ | 291,851 | $ | 64,479 | |||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (1,313,764 | ) | $ | (715,301 | ) | $ | (598,463 | ) | ||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | 949,385 | $ | 457,720 | $ | 491,665 | |||||
Operating activities
Cash flows provided by operating activities are primarily dependent upon the occupancy level of our asset base, the rental rates of our leases, the collectabilitycollectibility of rent and recovery of operating expenses from our tenants, the timing of completion of development and redevelopment projects, and the timing of acquisitions and dispositions of operating properties. Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022 increased by $132.5 million to $356.3$893.2 million, compared to $291.9$760.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. This2021. The increase was primarily attributable to (i) cash flows generated byfrom our highly leased development and redevelopment projects recently placed into service, (ii) income-producing acquisitions since January 1, 2016,2021, and (iii) increases in rental rates on lease renewals and re-leasing of space since January 1, 2016.2021.
Investing activities
Cash flows used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 20172022 and 2016,2021 consisted of the following (in thousands):
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||
| Sources of cash from investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of real estate | $ | 994,331 | $ | 65,245 | $ | 929,086 | |||||||||||
| Change in escrow deposits | 146,640 | — | 146,640 | ||||||||||||||
| Return of capital from unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | 471 | — | 471 | ||||||||||||||
| Sales of and distributions from non-real estate investments | 149,666 | 278,554 | (128,888) | ||||||||||||||
| 1,291,108 | 343,799 | 947,309 | |||||||||||||||
| Uses of cash for investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of real estate | 2,499,772 | 3,758,704 | (1,258,932) | ||||||||||||||
| Additions to real estate | 2,324,017 | 1,542,210 | 781,807 | ||||||||||||||
| Change in escrow deposits | — | 147,414 | (147,414) | ||||||||||||||
| Acquisition of interest in unconsolidated real estate joint venture | — | 9,048 | (9,048) | ||||||||||||||
| Investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | 1,245 | 739 | 506 | ||||||||||||||
| Additions to non-real estate investments | 186,692 | 319,077 | (132,385) | ||||||||||||||
| 5,011,726 | 5,777,192 | (765,466) | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | 3,720,618 | $ | 5,433,393 | $ | (1,712,775) | |||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | Change | |||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of real estate | $ | 4,263 | $ | 27,332 | $ | (23,069 | ) | ||||
| Additions to real estate | (660,877 | ) | (638,568 | ) | (22,309 | ) | |||||
| Purchases of real estate | (590,884 | ) | (18,108 | ) | (572,776 | ) | |||||
| Deposits for investing activities | 4,700 | (54,998 | ) | 59,698 | |||||||
| Additions to investments | (128,190 | ) | (68,384 | ) | (59,806 | ) | |||||
| Sales of investments | 18,896 | 35,295 | (16,399 | ) | |||||||
| Repayment of notes receivable | — | 9,054 | (9,054 | ) | |||||||
| Other | 38,328 | (6,924 | ) | 45,252 | |||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (1,313,764 | ) | $ | (715,301 | ) | $ | (598,463 | ) | ||
The changedecrease in net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, is2022 when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily due to an increaseda decreased use of cash for property acquisitionspurchases of real estate and construction relatedincrease in cash obtained from dispositions of real estate, partially offset by increased cash used for additions to our highly leased pipeline.real estate. Refer to Note 3 – “Investments in Real Estate” and Note 5 – “Investments”real estate” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report for furtheradditional information.
94
Financing activities
Cash flows provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 20172022 and 2016,2021 consisted of the following (in thousands):
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | Change | |||||||||||||||
| Borrowings from secured notes payable | $ | 31,436 | $ | — | $ | 31,436 | |||||||||||
| Repayments of borrowings from secured notes payable | (934) | (17,108) | 16,174 | ||||||||||||||
| Payment for the defeasance of secured notes payable | (198,304) | — | (198,304) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of unsecured senior notes payable | 1,793,318 | 1,743,716 | 49,602 | ||||||||||||||
| Repayments of unsecured senior notes payable | — | (650,000) | 650,000 | ||||||||||||||
| Premium paid for early extinguishment of debt | — | (66,829) | 66,829 | ||||||||||||||
| Borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit | 1,180,000 | 2,101,000 | (921,000) | ||||||||||||||
| Repayments of borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit | (1,180,000) | (2,101,000) | 921,000 | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance under commercial paper program | 11,661,500 | 21,850,000 | (10,188,500) | ||||||||||||||
| Repayments of borrowings from commercial paper program | (11,544,685) | (21,200,000) | 9,655,315 | ||||||||||||||
| Payments of loan fees | (35,598) | (16,870) | (18,728) | ||||||||||||||
| Changes related to debt | 1,706,733 | 1,642,909 | 63,824 | ||||||||||||||
| Contributions from and sales of noncontrolling interests | 1,463,454 | 629,138 | 834,316 | ||||||||||||||
| Distributions to and purchases of noncontrolling interests | (139,685) | (81,926) | (57,759) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from the issuance of common stock | 845,746 | 2,758,545 | (1,912,799) | ||||||||||||||
| Dividend payments | (564,118) | (482,408) | (81,710) | ||||||||||||||
| Taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards | (33,105) | (23,495) | (9,610) | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | 3,279,025 | $ | 4,442,763 | $ | (1,163,738) | |||||||||||
95
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | Change | |||||||||
| Borrowings from secured notes payable | $ | 145,272 | $ | 215,330 | $ | (70,058 | ) | ||||
| Repayments of borrowings from secured notes payable | (2,882 | ) | (234,096 | ) | 231,214 | ||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of unsecured senior notes payable | 424,384 | 348,604 | 75,780 | ||||||||
| Borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit | 2,634,000 | 2,349,000 | 285,000 | ||||||||
| Repayments of borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit | (2,348,000 | ) | (2,084,000 | ) | (264,000 | ) | |||||
| Repayments of borrowings from unsecured senior bank term loans | (200,000 | ) | (200,000 | ) | — | ||||||
| Changes related to debt | 652,774 | 394,838 | 257,936 | ||||||||
| Repurchase of 7.00% Series D cumulative convertible preferred stock | (17,934 | ) | (98,633 | ) | 80,699 | ||||||
| Redemption of 6.45% Series E cumulative redeemable preferred stock | (130,350 | ) | — | (130,350 | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from the issuance of common stock | 705,391 | 367,802 | 337,589 | ||||||||
| Dividend payments | (238,131 | ) | (195,453 | ) | (42,678 | ) | |||||
| Contributions from noncontrolling interests | 9,877 | 68,621 | (58,744 | ) | |||||||
| Distributions to and purchase of noncontrolling interests | (17,432 | ) | (62,605 | ) | 45,173 | ||||||
| Other | (14,810 | ) | (16,850 | ) | 2,040 | ||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | 949,385 | $ | 457,720 | $ | 491,665 | |||||
Capital resources
We expect that our principal liquidity needs for the year ending December 31, 2017,2022 will be satisfied by the following multiple sources of capital as shown in the table below. There can be no assurance that our sources and uses of capital will not be materially higher or lower than these expectations.
Key Sources and Uses of Capital (In millions) | 2022 Guidance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Range | Midpoint | Certain Completed Items | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sources of capital: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities after dividends | $ | 275 | $ | 325 | $ | 300 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net incremental debt | 1,383 | 583 | 983 | See below | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dispositions and sales of partial interests (refer to the “Dispositions and sales of partial interests” section within Item 2 for additional information) | 1,450 | 2,600 | 2,025 | $ | 2,222 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common equity | 2,342 | 2,342 | 2,342 | $ | 2,342 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total sources of capital | $ | 5,450 | $ | 5,850 | $ | 5,650 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Uses of capital: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Construction (refer to the “Summary of capital expenditures” section within Item 2 for additional information) | $ | 2,900 | $ | 3,100 | $ | 3,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisitions (refer to the “Acquisitions” section within Item 2 for additional information) | 2,550 | 2,750 | 2,650 | $ | 2,546 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total uses of capital | $ | 5,450 | $ | 5,850 | $ | 5,650 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incremental debt (included above): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of unsecured senior notes payable | $ | 1,800 | $ | 1,800 | $ | 1,800 | $ | 1,800 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repayments of secured notes payable | (195) | (195) | (195) | $ | (195) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior line of credit, commercial paper, and other | (22) | (722) | (372) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash expected to be held at December 31, 2022(2) | (200) | (300) | (250) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net incremental debt | $ | 1,383 | $ | 583 | $ | 983 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key Sources and Uses of Capital (In millions) | 2017 Guidance | Key Items Remaining after 9/30/17 | |||||||||||||||
| Range | Midpoint | ||||||||||||||||
| Sources of capital: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities after dividends | $ | 115 | $ | 135 | $ | 125 | |||||||||||
| Incremental debt | 388 | 298 | 343 | ||||||||||||||
| Real estate dispositions and common equity | 1,080 | 1,350 | 1,215 | (1) | |||||||||||||
| Total sources of capital | $ | 1,583 | $ | 1,783 | $ | 1,683 | |||||||||||
| Uses of capital: | |||||||||||||||||
| Construction | $ | 815 | $ | 915 | $ | 865 | $ | 243 | |||||||||
| Acquisitions | 620 | 720 | 670 | (2) | $ | 79 | (3) | ||||||||||
| 7.00% Series D convertible preferred stock repurchases | 18 | 18 | 18 | (4) | |||||||||||||
| 6.45% Series E redeemable preferred stock redemption | 130 | 130 | 130 | ||||||||||||||
| Total uses of capital | $ | 1,583 | $ | 1,783 | $ | 1,683 | |||||||||||
| Incremental debt (included above): | |||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of unsecured senior notes payable | $ | 425 | $ | 425 | $ | 425 | |||||||||||
| Borrowings – secured construction loans | 200 | 250 | 225 | ||||||||||||||
| Repayments of secured notes payable | (5 | ) | (10 | ) | (8 | ) | |||||||||||
| Repayment of unsecured senior bank term loan | (200 | ) | (200 | ) | (200 | ) | |||||||||||
| $1.65 billion unsecured senior line of credit/other | (32 | ) | (167 | ) | (99 | ) | |||||||||||
| Incremental debt | $ | 388 | $ | 298 | $ | 343 | |||||||||||
(1)During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we entered into new forward equity sales agreements aggregating $2.3 billion to sell 12.3 million shares of our common stock, and settled a portion of these forward equity sales agreements by issuing 4.2 million shares and received net proceeds of $847.9 million. We expect to issue 8.0 million shares to settle our remaining outstanding forward equity sales agreements and receive net proceeds of approximately $1.5 billion during the fourth quarter of 2022. Refer to Note 13 – “Stockholders’ equity” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report for additional information.
(2)Represents cash expected to be held at December 31, 2022, which reduces our 2023 debt capital needs.
The key assumptions behind the sources and uses of capital in the table above include a favorable capital market environment, performance of our core operating properties, lease-up and delivery of current and future development and redevelopment projects, completion of pending and projected acquisitions, and continued substantial leasing activity of our operating properties.activity. Our expected sources and uses of capital are subject to a number of variables and uncertainties, including those discussed as “Forward-Looking Statements”“Forward-looking statements” under Part I; and “Item 1A. Risk Factors”;factors” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussiondiscussion and Analysisanalysis of Financial Conditionfinancial condition and Resultsresults of Operations”operations” of our annual report on Form 10‑K10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2021; as well as “Item 1A. Risk factors” within “Part II – Other information” of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. We expect to update our forecast of sources and uses of capital on a quarterly basis.
96
Sources of capital
Net cash provided by operating activities after dividends
We expect to retain $115$275.0 million to $135$325.0 million of net cash flows from operating activities after payment of common stock and preferred stock dividends, and after deduction for distributions to noncontrolling interests. Changesinterests for the year ending December 31, 2022. For purposes of this calculation, changes in operating assets and liabilities are excluded from this calculation as they represent timing differences. Net cash provided by operating activities after dividends in 2017 is expected to be driven byFor the completion ofyear ending December 31, 2022, we expect our recently delivered projects, our highly pre-leased value-creation projects along with recently delivered projects, certain future projects, recently acquired properties,expected to be completed and contributions from Same Properties which willand recently acquired properties, to contribute significant increases in rental revenue,income from rentals, net operating income, and cash flows. We anticipate significant contractual near-term growth in annual cash rents of $45 million related to the commencement of contractual rents on the projects recently placed into service that are near the end of their initial free rent period. Refer to the “Cash flows” subsection of the “Liquidity” section within this Item 2 for a discussion of cash flows provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Debt
| September 30, 2017 | ||||||||||
| Facility | Balance | Maturity Date (1) | Applicable Margin | Facility Fee | ||||||
| $1.65 billion unsecured senior line of credit | $ | 314,000 | October 2021 | L+1.00% | 0.20% | |||||
| 2019 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan | $ | 199,543 | January 2019 | L+1.20% | N/A | |||||
| 2021 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan | $ | 348,317 | January 2021 | L+1.10% | N/A | |||||
In September 2022, we amended our existing credit ratings as set by certain rating agencies.
In February 2022, we opportunistically issued $1.8 billion of unsecured senior notes payable with a weighted-average interest rate of 3.28% and a weighted-average maturity of 22.0 years. The unsecured senior notes consisted of $800.0 million of 2.95% green unsecured senior notes due 2034 and $1.0 billion of 3.55% unsecured senior notes due 2052.
In April 2022, we repaid two secured notes payable aggregating $195.0 million due in 2024 with an effective interest rate of 3.40% and recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $3.3 million, including a prepayment penalty and the write-off of unamortized loan fees.
Proactive management of transition from LIBOR
LIBOR has been used extensively in the U.S. and globally as a reference rate for various commercial and financial contracts, including variable-rate debt and interest rate swap contracts. However, based on an announcement made by the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) on March 5, 2021, one-week and two-month LIBOR rates ceased to be published after December 31, 2021; all other LIBOR settings will effectively cease after June 30, 2023, and it is expected that LIBOR will no longer be used after this date. In connection with this change, in the U.S. the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (“ARRC”) was established to help ensure the successful transition from LIBOR. In June 2017, the ARRC selected SOFR, a new index calculated by reference to short-term repurchase agreements backed by U.S. Treasury securities, as its preferred replacement for U.S. dollar LIBOR. We have been closely monitoring developments related to the transition from LIBOR and have implemented numerous proactive measures to eliminate the potential transition-related impacts to the Company, specifically:
•Since January 2017, we had proactively eliminated outstanding LIBOR-based borrowings and, as of September 30, 2022, had no LIBOR-based debt or financial contracts.
•As of September 30, 2022, none of our consolidated or unconsolidated real estate joint ventures had LIBOR-based debt.
97
•From 2020 through September 30, 2022, we increased the aggregate amount available under existing secured construction loans,our commercial paper program to $2.0 billion from $750.0 million. Our commercial paper program is not subject to LIBOR and is used for funding short-term working capital needs. This program provides us with the ability to issue commercial paper notes bearing interest at short-term fixed rates, with a maturity of generally 30 days or less and with a maximum maturity of 397 days from the date of issuance.
•In September 2022, we amended our $1.65 billion unsecured senior line of credit.
Refer to “3.95% Unsecured Senior Notes Payable Due in 2028” in Note 810 – “Secured and Unsecured Senior Debt”unsecured senior debt” and Note 4 – “Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report and “Item 1A. Risk factors” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for additional information regardingabout our unsecured senior notes payable.
Real estate dispositions and common equitypartial interest sales
We expect to continue the disciplined execution of select sales of non-strategic land and non-core/“core-like” operating assets. The sale of non-strategic land and non-core/“core-like” operating assets providesFuture sales will provide an important source of capital to fund a portion of pending and recently completed opportunistic acquisitions and our highly leased value-creation development and redevelopment projects.projects, and also provide significant capital for growth. We may also consider additional sales of partial interests in core Class A properties and/or development projects. For 2017,2022, we expect real estate dispositions and issuancessales of common equitypartial interests ranging from $1.1$1.5 billion to $1.4$2.6 billion. Refer to “Forward Equity Sales Agreements” below within this Item 2 for additional information related to our forward equity sales agreements executed in March 2017. The amount of asset sales necessary to meet our forecasted sources of capital will vary depending upon the amount of EBITDA associated with the assets sold. In addition, the amount of common equity issued will be subject
Refer to market conditions.
Common equity transactions
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, our common stock offering programequity transactions included the following:
•In October 2016,January 2022, we established an ATM common stock offering program that allowed usentered into new forward equity sales agreements aggregating $1.7 billion to sell up to an aggregate of $600.08.1 million shares of our common stock. Duringstock (including the six months ended June 30, 2017, we completed our ATM program with the saleexercise of 2.1an underwriters’ option) at a public offering price of $210.00 per share, before underwriting discounts and commissions.
•We settled a portion of these forward equity sales agreements by issuing 4.2 million shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $245.8 million, or $118.97 per share, and received net proceeds of approximately $241.8$847.9 million.
•In August 2017,December 2021, we establishedentered into a new ATM common stock offering program, thatwhich allows us to sell up to an aggregate of $750.0 million$1.0 billion of our common stock. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, we sold an aggregate of 2.1
•We entered into new forward equity sales agreements aggregating $753.4 million to sell 4.2 million shares under our ATM program at an average price of common stock for gross proceeds of $249.9 million, or $119.94$179.36 per share and received net proceeds of approximately $245.8 million. (before underwriting discounts).
•As of September 30, 2017,2022, the remaining aggregate amount available under our currentATM program for future sales of common stock is $500.1$246.6 million.
Other sources
Under our current shelf registration statement filed with the SEC, we may offer common stock, preferred stock, debt, and other securities. These securities may be issued, from time to time, at our discretion based on our needs and market conditions, including, as necessary, the balancing ofto balance our use of incremental debt capital.
98
Uses of capital
Summary of capital expenditures
We capitalize interest cost as a cost of the project only during the period forin which activities necessary to prepare an asset for its intended use are ongoing, provided that expenditures for the asset have been made and interest cost has been incurred. Capitalized interest for the nine months ended September 30, 20172022 and 2016,2021 of $45.3$199.2 million and $40.8$126.6 million, respectively, iswas classified in investments in real estate. Indirect
Property taxes, insurance on real estate, and indirect project costs, includingsuch as construction administration, legal fees, and office costs that clearly relate to projects under development or construction, are capitalized as incurred during the period an asset is undergoing activities to prepare it for its intended use. We capitalized payroll and other indirect project costs related to development, redevelopment, pre-construction, and construction projects which aggregated $18.3aggregating $63.1 million and $10.5$51.2 million and property taxes, insurance on real estate and indirect project costs aggregating $72.2 million and $53.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 20172022 and 2016,2021, respectively.
The increase in capitalized payroll and other indirect project costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022, compared to the same period in 2016,2021, was primarily due to 10 newan increase in our value-creation pipeline projects with approximately 3.3 million developable SF that increasedundergoing construction and pre-construction activities in 2017.2022 over 2021. Pre-construction activities include entitlements, permitting, design, site work, and other activities preceding commencement of construction of aboveground building improvements. The advancement of pre-construction efforts is focused on reducing the time required to deliver projects to prospective tenants. These critical activities add significant value for future ground-up development and are required for the vertical construction of buildings. Additionally, shouldShould we cease activities necessary to prepare an asset for its intended use, the interest, taxes, insurance, and certain other direct and indirect project costs related to thisthe asset would be expensed as incurred. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.
Fluctuations in our development, redevelopment, and construction activities could result in significant changes to total expenses and net income. For example, had we experienced a 10% reduction in development, redevelopment, and construction activities without a corresponding decrease in indirect project costs, including interest and payroll, total expenses would have increased by approximately $6.4$26.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.2022.
We alsouse third-party brokers to assist in our leasing activity, who are paid on a contingent basis upon successful leasing. We are required to capitalize and defer initial direct costs to originate leases with independent third parties related to evaluating a prospective lessee’s financial condition, negotiating lease terms, preparing the lease agreement, and closing the lease transaction. Costs that we capitalized and deferred relate to successful leasing transactions that result directly from and are essential to the lease transaction and would not have been incurred had that lease transaction not occurred. The initial direct costs capitalized and deferred also include the portion of our employees’ total compensation and payroll-related benefits directly related to time spent performing activities previously described and related to the respective lease that would not have been performed but for that lease. Total initial direct leasing costs capitalized duringsuccessfully executed. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, were $44.4 million and $23.9 million, respectively, of which $10.3 million and $9.4 million, respectively, represented2022, we capitalized and deferred payroll costs directly related and essential to our leasing activities during each respective period. The increase intotal initial direct leasing costs capitalized during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, comparedof $161.4 million. Costs that we incur to nine months ended September 30, 2016, was duenegotiate or arrange a lease regardless of its outcome, such as fixed employee compensation, tax, or legal advice to the increase in leasing activity in 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we completed 3.2 million RSF of new, renewed,negotiate lease terms, and re-leased space with a weighted-average lease term of 7.5 years compared to 1.9 million RSF of leasing activity with a weighted-average lease term of 5.7 years during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.other costs, are expensed as incurred.
Acquisitions
Refer to the “Acquisitions” insection of Note 3 – “Investments in Real Estate”real estate” and to Note 4 – “Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report, and the “Acquisitions” undersubsection of the “Investments in Real Estate”real estate” section within this Item 2 of this report for more information on our acquisitions.
99
Dividends
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022 and 2021, we repurchased,paid common stock dividends of $564.1 million and $482.4 million, respectively. The increase of $81.7 million in privately negotiated transactions, 501,115 shares ofdividends paid on our Series D Convertible Preferred Stock at an aggregate price of $17.9 million, or $35.79 per share. We recognized a preferredcommon stock redemption charge of $5.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, including the write-off of original issuance costs of approximately $391 thousand. During the remainder of 2017, we may seek2022, compared to repurchase additional shares of our Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, subject to market conditions. To the extent that we repurchase additional shares of our Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, we expect to fund such amounts with the proceeds from issuances of our common stock, subject to market conditions.
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | Change | |||||||||
| Common stock dividends | $ | 229,814 | $ | 177,966 | $ | 51,848 | |||||
| 7.00% Series D cumulative convertible preferred stock dividends | 4,125 | 11,198 | (7,073 | ) | |||||||
| 6.45% Series E cumulative redeemable preferred stock dividends | 4,192 | 6,289 | (2,097 | ) | |||||||
| $ | 238,131 | $ | 195,453 | $ | 42,678 | ||||||
| Payments by Period | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 2017 | 2018-2019 | 2020-2021 | Thereafter | |||||||||||||||
Secured and unsecured debt (1) (2) | $ | 4,828,766 | $ | 732 | $ | 925,546 | $ | 1,181,834 | $ | 2,720,654 | |||||||||
Estimated interest payments on fixed-rate and hedged variable-rate debt (3) | 1,006,863 | 35,059 | 306,472 | 247,533 | 417,799 | ||||||||||||||
Estimated interest payments on variable-rate debt (4) | 8,735 | 1,765 | 6,970 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Ground lease obligations | 584,022 | 4,037 | 24,346 | 23,724 | 531,915 | ||||||||||||||
| Other obligations | 3,607 | 399 | 3,107 | 101 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 6,431,993 | $ | 41,992 | $ | 1,266,441 | $ | 1,453,192 | $ | 3,670,368 | |||||||||
Secured notes payable
Secured notes payable as of September 30, 2017,2022 consisted of ninethree notes secured by 20two properties. Our secured notes payable typically require monthly payments of principal and interest and had a weighted-average interest rate of approximately 3.80%5.36%. As of September 30, 2017,2022, the total book valuesvalue of our investmentinvestments in real estate securing debt werewas approximately $2.3 billion.$173.6 million. As of September 30, 2017,2022, our secured notes payable, including unamortized discounts and deferred financing cost, were composed ofcosts, comprised approximately $902.2 million$650 thousand and $251.7$39.9 million of fixed-rate/hedged variable-ratefixed-rate debt and unhedged variable-rate debt, respectively.
Unsecured senior notes payable unsecured senior bank term loans, and $1.65 billion unsecured senior line of credit
The requirements of, and our actual performance with respect to, the key financial covenants under our 2.75% unsecured senior notes payable (“2.75% Unsecured Senior Notes”), 4.60% unsecured senior notes payable (“4.60% Unsecured Senior Notes”), 3.90% unsecured senior notes payable (“3.90% Unsecured Senior Notes”), 4.30% unsecured senior notes payable (“4.30% Unsecured Senior Notes”), 3.95% unsecured senior notes payable due in 2027 (“3.95% Unsecured Senior Notes Due in 2027”), 4.50% unsecured senior notes payable (“4.50% Unsecured Senior Notes”), and 3.95% unsecured senior notes payable due in 2028 (“3.95% Unsecured Senior Notes Due in 2028) as of September 30, 2017,2022 were as follows:
Covenant Ratios(1) | Requirement | |||||||||||||
| Total Debt to Total Assets | Less than or equal to 60% | |||||||||||||
| Secured Debt to Total Assets | Less than or equal to 40% | |||||||||||||
Consolidated EBITDA(2) to Interest Expense | Greater than or equal to 1.5x | |||||||||||||
| Unencumbered Total Asset Value to Unsecured Debt | Greater than or equal to 150% | |||||||||||||
(1)All covenant ratio titles utilize terms as defined in the respective debt agreements. (2)The calculation of consolidated EBITDA is based on the definitions contained in our loan agreements and is not directly comparable |
In addition, the terms of the indentures, among other things, limit the ability of the Company, Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P., and the Company’s subsidiaries to (i) consummate a merger, or consolidate or sell all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, and (ii) incur certain secured or unsecured indebtedness.
The requirements of, and our actual performance with respect to, the key financial covenants under our unsecured senior line of credit as of September 30, 2022 were as follows:
Covenant Ratios(1) | Requirement | September 30, 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| Leverage Ratio | Less than or equal to 60.0% | 27.8% | |||||||||||||||
| Secured Debt Ratio | Less than or equal to 45.0% | 0.1% | |||||||||||||||
| Fixed-Charge Coverage Ratio | Greater than or equal to 1.50x | 4.46x | |||||||||||||||
| Unsecured Interest Coverage Ratio | Greater than or equal to 1.75x | 14.88x | |||||||||||||||
(1)All covenant ratio titles utilize terms as defined in the credit agreement.
Estimated interest payments
Estimated interest payments on our fixed-rate and hedged variable-rate debt wereare calculated based upon contractual interest rates, including estimated interest expense related to interest rate hedge agreements, interest payment dates and scheduled maturity dates. As of September 30, 2017, approximately 88%2022, 95.9% of our debt was fixed-rate debt. For additional information regarding our debt, or variable-rate debt subject to interest rate hedge agreements. Referrefer to Note 910 – “Interest Rate Hedge Agreements”“Secured and unsecured senior debt” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report for further information. The remaining 12% of our debtreport.
100
Ground lease obligations
Operating lease agreements
Ground lease obligations as of September 30, 2017, was unhedged variable-rate debt based primarily on LIBOR. Interest payments on2022 included leases for 40 of our unhedged variable-rate debt have been calculated based on interest ratesproperties, which accounted for approximately 9% of our total number of properties. Excluding one ground lease that expires in effect2036 related to one operating property with a net book value of $6.4 million as of September 30, 2017.2022, our ground lease obligations have remaining lease terms ranging from approximately 31 to 99 years, including available extension options that we are reasonably certain to exercise.
As of September 30, 2022, the remaining contractual payments under ground and office lease agreements in which we are the lessee aggregated $874.8 million and $36.0 million, respectively. We are required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a related liability to account for our future obligations under operating lease arrangements in which we are the lessee. The operating lease liability is measured based on the present value of the remaining lease payments, including payments during the term under our extension options that we are reasonably certain to exercise. The right-of-use asset is equal to the corresponding operating lease liability, adjusted for the initial direct leasing cost and any other consideration exchanged with the landlord prior to the commencement of the lease, as well as adjustments to reflect favorable or unfavorable terms of an acquired lease when compared with market terms at the time of acquisition. As of September 30, 2022, the present value of the remaining contractual payments aggregating $910.8 million under our operating lease agreements, including our extension options that we are reasonably certain to exercise, was $409.0 million, which was classified in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2022, the weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases in which we are the lessee was approximately 42 years, and the weighted-average discount rate was 4.6%. Our corresponding operating lease right-of-use assets, adjusted for initial direct leasing costs and other consideration exchanged with the landlord prior to the commencement of the lease, aggregated $561.9 million. We classify the right-of-use asset in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Refer to the “Lease accounting” section of Note 82 – “Secured and Unsecured Senior Debt”“Summary of significant accounting policies” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report for additional information regarding our debt.information.
Commitments
As of September 30, 2017,2022, remaining aggregate costs under contract for the construction of properties undergoing development, redevelopment, and improvements under the terms of leases approximated $571.6 million. $3.5 billion. In addition, we may be required to incur construction costs associated with our future development projects aggregating 643,331 RSF in our Greater Boston market pursuant to an agreement whereby our counterparty may elect to execute future lease agreements on mutually agreeable terms.
We expect payments for these obligations to occur over one to three years, subject to capital planning adjustments from time to time. We may have the ability to cease the construction of certain properties,projects, which would result in the reduction of our commitments. We are also committed to funding approximately $173.6 million for certain non-real estate investments over the next several years.
In addition, we have letters of credit and performance obligations aggregating $39.5$21.0 million primarily related to construction projects and an anticipated acquisition.
We are committed to funding approximately $418.7 million related to our agreement to purchasenon-real estate investments. These funding commitments are primarily associated with our investments in privately held entities that report NAV, which expire at various dates over the next 12 years, with a 10% interest in a joint venture with Uber and the Golden State Warriors.weighted-average expiration of 8.8 years as of September 30, 2022.
Exposure to environmental liabilities
In connection with the acquisition of all of our properties, we have obtained Phase I environmental assessments to ascertain the existence of any environmental liabilities or other issues. The Phase I environmental assessments of our properties have not revealed any environmental liabilities that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations taken as a whole, nor are we aware of any material environmental liabilities that have occurred since the Phase I environmental assessments were completed. In addition, we carry a policy of pollution legal liability insurance covering exposure to certain environmental losses at substantially all of our properties.
Foreign currency translation gains and losses
The following table presents the change in accumulated other comprehensive income
| Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on: | ||||||||||||||||
| Available-for- Sale Equity Securities | Interest Rate Hedge Agreements | Foreign Currency Translation | Total | |||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2016 | $ | 19,293 | $ | 405 | $ | (14,343 | ) | $ | 5,355 | |||||||
| Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | 23,414 | 812 | 7,592 | 31,818 | ||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from other comprehensive income | 2,482 | 1,810 | 2,421 | 6,713 | ||||||||||||
| 25,896 | 2,622 | 10,013 | 38,531 | |||||||||||||
| Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests | — | — | (22 | ) | (22 | ) | ||||||||||
| Net other comprehensive income | 25,896 | 2,622 | 9,991 | 38,509 | ||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2017 | $ | 45,189 | $ | 3,027 | $ | (4,352 | ) | $ | 43,864 | |||||||
| (In thousands) | Total | |||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | (7,294) | ||||||
| Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | (17,431) | |||||||
| Net other comprehensive loss | (17,431) | |||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2022 | $ | (24,725) | ||||||
Inflation
As of September 30, 2022, approximately 91% of our leases (on an annual rental revenue basis) were triple net leases, which require tenants to pay substantially all real estate taxes, insurance, utilities, repairs and maintenance, common area expenses, and other operating expenses (including increases thereto) in addition to base rent. Approximately 96% of our leases (on an annual rental revenue basis) contained effective annual rent escalations that were either fixed (generally ranging from 3.0% to 3.5%) or indexed based on a consumer price index or other indices. Accordingly, we do not believe that our cash flows or earnings from real estate operations are subject to significant risks from inflation. A period of inflation, however, could cause an increase in the cost of our variable-rate borrowings, including borrowings related to our unsecured senior line of credit, commercial paper program, secured construction loans, and secured loans held by our unconsolidated real estate joint ventures.
In addition, refer to “Item 1A. Risk factors” within “Part II – Other information” of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for a discussion about risks that inflation directly or indirectly may pose to our business.
102
Issuer and guarantor subsidiary summarized financial information
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (the “Issuer”) has sold certain debt securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, that are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P. (the “LP” or the “Guarantor Subsidiary”), an indirectly 100% owned subsidiary of the Issuer. The Issuer’s other subsidiaries, including, but not limited to, the subsidiaries that own substantially all of its real estate (collectively, the “Combined Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”), will not provide a guarantee of such securities, including the subsidiaries that are partially or 100% owned by the LP. The following summarized financial information presents, on a combined basis, balance sheet information as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and results of operations and comprehensive income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021 for the Issuer and the Guarantor Subsidiary. The information presented below excludes eliminations necessary to arrive at the information on a consolidated basis. In presenting the summarized financial statements, the equity method of accounting has been applied to (i) the Issuer’s interests in the Guarantor Subsidiary, (ii) the Guarantor Subsidiary’s interests in the Combined Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries, and (iii) the Combined Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries’ interests in the Guarantor Subsidiary, where applicable, even though all such subsidiaries meet the requirements to be consolidated under GAAP. All assets and liabilities have been allocated to the Issuer and the Guarantor Subsidiary generally based on legal entity ownership.
The following tables present combined summarized financial information as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and for the year ended December 31, 2021 for the Issuer and Guarantor Subsidiary. Amounts provided do not represent our total consolidated amounts (in thousands):
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | $ | 222,214 | $ | 78,856 | ||||||||||
| Other assets | 107,578 | 101,956 | ||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 329,792 | $ | 180,812 | ||||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | $ | 10,098,588 | $ | 8,316,678 | ||||||||||
| Unsecured senior line of credit and commercial paper | 386,666 | 269,990 | ||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 407,438 | 401,721 | ||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 10,892,692 | $ | 8,988,389 | ||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 | Year Ended December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 24,250 | $ | 26,798 | ||||||||||
| Total expenses | (216,276) | (363,525) | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | (192,026) | (336,727) | ||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to unvested restricted stock awards | (5,866) | (7,848) | ||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders | $ | (197,892) | $ | (344,575) | ||||||||||
As of September 30, 2022, 419 of our 431 properties were held indirectly by the REIT’s wholly owned consolidated subsidiary, Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P.
Critical accounting policiesestimates
Refer to our annual report on Form 10‑K10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016,2021 for a discussion of our critical accounting policies, which include investments inestimates related to recognition of real estate and properties classified as held for sale,acquired, impairment of long-lived assets, capitalization of costs, accounting for investments, interest rate hedge agreements, recognition of rental revenue and tenant recoveries, and monitoring of tenant credit quality. There were no significant changes to these policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.quality, and allowance for credit losses.
103
Non-GAAP measures and definitions
This section contains additional information of certain non-GAAP financial measures and the reasons why we use these supplemental measures of performance and believe they provide useful information to investors, as well as the definitions of other terms used in this report.
Funds from operations and funds from operations, as adjusted, attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders
GAAP-basis accounting for real estate assets utilizes historical cost accounting and assumes that real estate values diminish over time. In an effort to overcome the difference between real estate values and historical cost accounting for real estate assets, the NAREITNareit Board of Governors established funds from operations as an improved measurement tool. Since its introduction, funds from operations has become a widely used non-GAAP financial measure among equity REITs. We believe that funds from operations is helpful to investors as an additional measure of the performance of an equity REIT. Moreover, we believe that funds from operations, as adjusted, allows investors to compare our performance to the performance of other real estate companies on a consistent basis, without having to account for differences recognized because of investmentreal estate acquisition and disposition decisions, financing decisions, capital structures, andstructure, capital market transactions. We compute fundstransactions, variances resulting from operations in accordance with standards establishedthe volatility of market conditions outside of our control, or other corporate activities that may not be representative of the operating performance of our properties.
The 2018 White Paper published by the NAREITNareit Board of Governors in its April 2002 White Paper and related implementation guidance (the “NAREIT“Nareit White Paper”). The NAREIT White Paper defines funds from operations as net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (losses) fromor losses on sales of depreciable real estate, and land parcels and impairments of depreciable real estate, (excluding land parcels), plus real estate-related depreciation and amortization of operating real estate assets, and after adjustments for our share of consolidated and unconsolidated partnerships and real estate joint ventures. Impairments represent the write-down of assets when fair value over the recoverability period is less than the carrying value due to changes in general market conditions and do not necessarily reflect the operating performance of the properties during the corresponding period.
We compute funds from operations, as adjusted, as funds from operations calculated in accordance with the NAREITNareit White Paper, less/plusexcluding significant gains/gains, losses, and impairments realized on non-real estate investments, unrealized gains or losses on the sale ofnon-real estate investments, plusgains or losses on early extinguishment of debt, preferredsignificant termination fees, acceleration of stock redemption charges, impairmentscompensation expense due to the resignation of non-depreciable real estate, impairments of non-real estate investments, andan executive officer, deal costs, the income tax effect related to such items, and the amount of such items that is allocable to our unvested restricted stock awards. Neither funds from operations nor funds from operations, as adjusted, should be considered as alternatives to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP) as indications of financial performance, or to cash flows from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP) as measures of liquidity, nor are they indicative of the availability of funds for our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions.
The following table reconciles net income to funds from operations for the share of consolidated real estate joint ventures attributable to noncontrolling interests and our share of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands):
| Noncontrolling Interest Share of Consolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures | Our Share of Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2022 | September 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 38,747 | $ | 108,092 | $ | 40 | $ | 473 | |||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets | 27,790 | 77,889 | 795 | 2,684 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Funds from operations | $ | 66,537 | $ | 185,981 | $ | 835 | $ | 3,157 | |||||||||||||||
104
The following tables present a reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, including our share of amounts from consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures, to funds from operations attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – diluted, and funds from operations attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – diluted, as adjusted, and the related per share amounts. Per share amounts allocable to unvested restricted stock awards are not materialfor the three and are not presented separately within the per share table below.nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Per share amounts may not add due to rounding.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – basic and diluted | $ | 341,439 | $ | 101,264 | $ | 461,475 | $ | 490,602 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets | 251,453 | 205,436 | 727,178 | 569,654 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling share of depreciation and amortization from consolidated real estate JVs | (27,790) | (17,871) | (77,889) | (49,615) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Our share of depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated real estate JVs | 795 | 3,465 | 2,684 | 10,676 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Gain) loss on sales of real estate | (323,699) | 435 | (537,918) | (2,344) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of real estate – rental properties | — | 18,602 | — | 25,485 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allocation to unvested restricted stock awards | 1,002 | (1,472) | (81) | (6,574) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Funds from operations attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – diluted(1) | 243,200 | 309,859 | 575,449 | 1,037,884 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized losses (gains) on non-real estate investments | 56,515 | 14,432 | 388,076 | (183,348) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Significant realized gains on non-real estate investments | — | (52,427) | — | (110,119) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of real estate | 38,783 | (2) | 24,018 | 38,783 | 27,190 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — | — | 3,317 | 67,253 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acceleration of stock compensation expense due to executive officer resignation | 7,185 | (3) | — | 7,185 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Allocation to unvested restricted stock awards | (1,033) | 149 | (4,743) | 2,400 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funds from operations attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – diluted, as adjusted | $ | 344,650 | $ | 296,031 | $ | 1,008,067 | $ | 841,260 | ||||||||||||||||||
(1)Calculated in accordance with standards established by the Nareit Board of Governors.
(2)Includes $38.3 million related to the impairment of one future development, which we recognized upon our decision not to proceed with the project.
(3)Relates to the resignation of Stephen A. Richardson, our former Co-Chief Executive Officer, in July 2022.
105
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders | $ | 51,273 | $ | 5,452 | $ | 108,564 | $ | (126,014 | ) | |||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 107,788 | 77,133 | 309,069 | 218,168 | ||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling share of depreciation and amortization from consolidated real estate JVs | (3,608 | ) | (2,224 | ) | (10,985 | ) | (6,751 | ) | ||||||||
| Our share of depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated real estate JVs | 383 | 658 | 1,119 | 2,052 | ||||||||||||
| Gain on sales of real estate – rental properties | — | — | (270 | ) | — | |||||||||||
| Our share of gain on sales of real estate from unconsolidated real estate JVs | (14,106 | ) | — | (14,106 | ) | — | ||||||||||
| Gain on sales of real estate – land parcels | — | (90 | ) | (111 | ) | (90 | ) | |||||||||
| Impairment of real estate – rental properties | — | 6,293 | 203 | 94,688 | ||||||||||||
| Allocation to unvested restricted stock awards | (957 | ) | (438 | ) | (2,185 | ) | (14 | ) | ||||||||
Funds from operations attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – diluted (1) | 140,773 | 86,784 | 391,298 | 182,039 | ||||||||||||
| Non-real estate investment income | — | — | — | (4,361 | ) | |||||||||||
| Impairment of land parcels and non-real estate investments | — | 4,886 | 4,491 | 101,028 | ||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — | 3,230 | 670 | 3,230 | ||||||||||||
| Preferred stock redemption charge | — | 13,095 | 11,279 | 25,614 | ||||||||||||
| Allocation to unvested restricted stock awards | — | (359 | ) | (227 | ) | (1,736 | ) | |||||||||
| Funds from operations attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – diluted, as adjusted | $ | 140,773 | $ | 107,636 | $ | 407,511 | $ | 305,814 | ||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Per share) | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – diluted | $ | 2.11 | $ | 0.67 | $ | 2.88 | $ | 3.38 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets | 1.39 | 1.26 | 4.06 | 3.66 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sales of real estate | (2.00) | — | (3.35) | (0.02) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of real estate – rental properties | — | 0.12 | — | 0.18 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allocation to unvested restricted stock awards | 0.01 | (0.01) | — | (0.05) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funds from operations per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – diluted | 1.51 | 2.04 | 3.59 | 7.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized losses (gains) on non-real estate investments | 0.35 | 0.10 | 2.42 | (1.26) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Significant realized gains on non-real estate investments | — | (0.35) | — | (0.76) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of real estate | 0.24 | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — | — | 0.02 | 0.46 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acceleration of stock compensation expense due to executive officer resignation | 0.04 | — | 0.04 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allocation to unvested restricted stock awards | (0.01) | — | (0.03) | 0.02 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funds from operations per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – diluted, as adjusted | $ | 2.13 | $ | 1.95 | $ | 6.28 | $ | 5.80 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding for calculation of: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings per share – diluted | 161,554 | 151,561 | 160,400 | 145,153 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funds from operations, diluted, per share | 161,554 | 151,561 | 160,400 | 145,153 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funds from operations, diluted, as adjusted, per share | 161,554 | 151,561 | 160,400 | 145,153 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
| (Per share) | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders | $ | 0.55 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 1.20 | $ | (1.69 | ) | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 1.11 | 0.97 | 3.26 | 2.85 | ||||||||||||
| Our share of gain on sales of real estate from unconsolidated real estate JVs | (0.15 | ) | — | (0.15 | ) | — | ||||||||||
| Impairment of real estate – rental properties | — | 0.08 | — | 1.27 | ||||||||||||
Funds from operations per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – diluted (1) | 1.51 | 1.12 | 4.31 | 2.43 | ||||||||||||
| Non-real estate investment income | — | — | — | (0.06 | ) | |||||||||||
| Impairment of land parcels and non-real estate investments | — | 0.06 | 0.05 | 1.34 | ||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.04 | ||||||||||||
| Preferred stock redemption charge | — | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.34 | ||||||||||||
| Funds from operations per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – diluted, as adjusted | $ | 1.51 | $ | 1.39 | $ | 4.49 | $ | 4.09 | ||||||||
| Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding for calculating funds from operations per share and funds from operations, as adjusted, per share – diluted | 93,296 | 77,402 | 90,766 | 74,778 | ||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA marginsmargin
We use Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental performance measure of real estate rentalour operations, for financial and operational decision making,decision-making, and as a supplemental or additional means of evaluating period-to-period comparisons on a consistent basis. Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”), excluding stock compensation expense, gains or losses on early extinguishment of debt, gains or losses on sales of real estate, impairments of real estate, and impairments. significant termination fees. Adjusted EBITDA also excludes unrealized gains or losses and significant realized gains or losses and impairments that result from our non-real estate investments. These non-real estate investment amounts are classified in our consolidated statements of operations outside of total revenues.
We believe Adjusted EBITDA provides investors with relevant and useful information becauseas it allows investors to view income fromevaluate the operating performance of our business activities without having to account for differences recognized because of investing and financing decisions related to our real estate rental operations on an unleveraged basis beforeand non-real estate investments, our capital structure, capital market transactions, and variances resulting from the effectsvolatility of interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock compensation expense,market conditions outside of our control. For example, we exclude gains or losses on the early extinguishment of debt gains or losses on sales of real estate, and impairments.
In addition, we believe that excluding charges related to stock compensation and unrealized gains or losses facilitates for investors a comparison of our business activities across periods without the volatility resulting from market forces outside of our control. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as a measure of our performance. Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our historical cash expenditures or future cash requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments. While Adjusted EBITDA is a relevant measure of performance, it does not represent net income (loss) or cash flows from operations calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, and it should not be considered as an alternative to those indicators in evaluating performance or liquidity.
106
In order to calculate the Adjusted EBITDA margin, we divide Adjusted EBITDA by total revenues as presented in our consolidated statements of operations. We believe that this supplemental performance measure provides investors with additional useful information regarding the profitability of our operating activities.
The following table reconciles net income (loss), the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA and calculates the Adjusted EBITDA margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 59,546 | $ | 28,559 | $ | 148,597 | $ | (69,591 | ) | ||||||
| Interest expense | 31,031 | 25,850 | 92,563 | 75,730 | |||||||||||
| Income taxes | 1,305 | 355 | 3,405 | 2,374 | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 107,788 | 77,133 | 309,069 | 218,168 | |||||||||||
| Stock compensation expense | 7,893 | 7,451 | 18,649 | 19,007 | |||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — | 3,230 | 670 | 3,230 | |||||||||||
| Gain on sales of real estate – rental properties | — | — | (270 | ) | — | ||||||||||
| Our share of gain on sales of real estate from unconsolidated real estate JVs | (14,106 | ) | — | (14,106 | ) | — | |||||||||
| Gain on sales of real estate – land parcels | — | (90 | ) | (111 | ) | (90 | ) | ||||||||
| Impairment of real estate and non-real estate investments | — | 11,179 | 4,694 | 196,302 | |||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 193,457 | $ | 153,667 | $ | 563,160 | $ | 445,130 | |||||||
| Revenues | $ | 285,370 | $ | 230,379 | $ | 833,797 | (1) | $ | 672,544 | ||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA Margins | 68 | % | 67 | % | 68 | % | 66 | % | |||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 383,443 | $ | 124,433 | $ | 575,433 | $ | 554,486 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 22,984 | 35,678 | 76,681 | 107,303 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income taxes | 1,950 | 3,672 | 7,610 | 7,898 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 254,929 | 210,842 | 737,666 | 581,807 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Stock compensation expense | 17,786 | 9,728 | 46,154 | 34,416 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — | — | 3,317 | 67,253 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Gain) loss on sales of real estate | (323,699) | 435 | (537,918) | (2,344) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Significant realized gains on non-real estate investments | — | (52,427) | — | (110,119) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized losses (gains) on non-real estate investments | 56,515 | 14,432 | 388,076 | (183,348) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of real estate | 38,783 | 42,620 | 38,783 | 52,675 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 452,691 | $ | 389,413 | $ | 1,335,802 | $ | 1,110,027 | |||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 659,852 | $ | 547,759 | $ | 1,918,681 | $ | 1,537,227 | |||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin | 69% | 71% | 70% | 72% | |||||||||||||||||||
Annual rental revenue
Annual rental revenue represents the annualized fixed base rental amountobligations, calculated in accordance with GAAP, for leases in effect as of the end of the period, related to our operating RSF. Annual rental revenue and measures computedis presented using 100% of the annual rental revenue are presented atfrom our consolidated properties and our share of annual rental revenue for our unconsolidated real estate joint ventures. Annual rental revenue per RSF is computed by dividing annual rental revenue by the sum of 100% for allof the RSF of our consolidated properties underand our management, includingshare of the RSF of properties held by our consolidated andin unconsolidated real estate joint ventures. As of September 30, 2017,2022, approximately 97%91% of our leases (on an RSFannual rental revenue basis) were triple net leases, which require tenants to pay substantially all real estate taxes, insurance, utilities, repairs and maintenance, common area expenses, and other operating expenses (including increases thereto) in addition to base rent. Annual rental revenue excludes these operating expenses recovered from our tenants. Amounts recovered from our tenants related to these operating expenses, along with base rent, are classified in tenant recoveriesincome from rentals in our consolidated statements of operations.
Capitalization rates
Capitalization rates are calculated based on net operating income and net operating income (cash basis) annualized for the quarter preceding the date on which the property is sold, or near term prospective net operating income.
Cash interest
Cash interest is equal to interest expense calculated in accordance with GAAP plus capitalized interest, less amortization of loan fees and debt premiums/discounts. Seepremiums (discounts). Refer to the definition of fixed-charge“Fixed-charge coverage ratioratio” within this section of this Item 2 for a reconciliation of interest expense, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to cash interest.
107
Class A properties and AAA locations
Class A properties are properties clustered in AAA locations that provide innovative tenants with highly dynamic and collaborative environments that enhance their ability to successfully recruit and retain world-class talent and inspire productivity, efficiency, creativity, and success. Class A properties generally command higher annual rental rates than other classes of similar properties.
AAA locations are in close proximity to concentrations of specialized skills, knowledge, institutions, and related businesses. Such locations are generally characterized by high barriers to entry for new landlords, high barriers to exit for tenants, and a limited supply of available space.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 193,457 | $ | 153,667 | $ | 563,160 | $ | 445,130 | ||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | 31,031 | $ | 25,850 | 92,563 | 75,730 | ||||||||||
| Capitalized interest | 17,092 | 14,903 | 45,325 | 40,790 | ||||||||||||
| Amortization of loan fees | (2,840 | ) | (3,080 | ) | (8,578 | ) | (8,792 | ) | ||||||||
| Amortization of debt premiums | 652 | 5 | 1,873 | 117 | ||||||||||||
| Cash interest | 45,935 | 37,678 | 131,183 | 107,845 | ||||||||||||
| Dividends on preferred stock | 1,302 | 5,007 | 6,364 | 16,388 | ||||||||||||
| Fixed charges | $ | 47,237 | $ | 42,685 | $ | 137,547 | $ | 124,233 | ||||||||
| Fixed-charge coverage ratio: | ||||||||||||||||
| – period annualized | 4.1x | 3.6x | 4.1x | 3.6x | ||||||||||||
| – trailing 12 months | 4.0x | 3.6x | 4.0x | 3.6x | ||||||||||||
Development, redevelopment, and pre-construction
A key component of our business model is our disciplined allocation of capital to the development and redevelopment of new Class A properties, and property enhancements identified during the underwriting of certain acquired properties, located in world-class collaborative life science, agtech, and technology campuses in AAA urban innovation clusters. These projects are generally focused on providing high-quality, generic, and reusable spaces that meet the real estate requirements of, and are reusable by, a wide range of tenants. Upon completion, each value-creation project is expected to generate a significant increase in rental income, net operating income, and cash flows. Our development and redevelopment projects are generally in locations that are highly desirable to high-quality entities, which we believe results in higher occupancy levels, longer lease terms, higher rental income, higher returns, and greater long-term asset value.
Development projects generally consist of the ground-up development of generic and reusable facilities. Redevelopment projects consist of the permanent change in use of office, warehouse, and shell space into office/laboratory, agtech, or tech office space. We generally will not commence new development projects for aboveground construction of new Class A office/laboratory, agtech, and tech office space without first securing significant pre-leasing for such space, except when there is solid market demand for high-quality Class A properties.
Pre-construction activities include entitlements, permitting, design, site work, and other activities preceding commencement of construction of aboveground building improvements. The advancement of pre-construction efforts is focused on reducing the time required to deliver projects to prospective tenants. These critical activities add significant value for future ground-up development and are required for the vertical construction of buildings. Ultimately, these projects will provide high-quality facilities and are expected to generate significant revenue and cash flows.
Development, redevelopment, and pre-construction spending also includes the following costs: (i) amounts to bring certain acquired properties up to market standard and/or other costs identified during the acquisition process (generally within two years of acquisition) and (ii) permanent conversion of space for highly flexible, move-in-ready office/laboratory space to foster the growth of promising early- and growth-stage life science companies.
Revenue-enhancing and repositioning capital expenditures represent spending to reposition or significantly change the use of a property, including through improvement in the asset quality from Class B to Class A.
Non-revenue-enhancing capital expenditures represent costs required to maintain the current revenues of a stabilized property, including the associated costs for renewed and re-leased space.
108
Fixed-charge coverage ratio
Fixed-charge coverage ratio is a non-GAAP financial measure representing the ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to fixed charges. We believe that this ratio is useful to investors as a supplemental measure of our ability to satisfy fixed financing obligations and preferred stock dividends. Cash interest is equal to interest expense calculated in accordance with GAAP plus capitalized interest, less amortization of loan fees and debt premiums (discounts).
The following table reconciles interest expense, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to cash interest and fixed charges and computes the fixed-charge coverage ratio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 452,691 | $ | 389,413 | $ | 1,335,802 | $ | 1,110,027 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | 22,984 | $ | 35,678 | $ | 76,681 | $ | 107,303 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalized interest | 73,189 | 43,185 | 199,154 | 126,563 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of loan fees | (3,235) | (2,854) | (9,574) | (8,530) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt (discounts) premiums | (269) | 498 | (112) | 1,539 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash interest and fixed charges | $ | 92,669 | $ | 76,507 | $ | 266,149 | $ | 226,875 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-charge coverage ratio: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| – period annualized | 4.9x | 5.1x | 5.0x | 4.9x | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| – trailing 12 months | 5.1x | 4.8x | 5.1x | 4.8x | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross assets
Gross assets are calculated as total assets plus accumulated depreciation as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 34,368,614 | $ | 30,219,373 | |||||||
| Accumulated depreciation | 4,148,230 | 3,771,241 | |||||||||
| Gross assets | $ | 38,516,844 | $ | 33,990,614 | |||||||
Initial stabilized yield (unlevered)
Initial stabilized yield is calculated as the quotient of the estimated amounts of net operating income at stabilization anddivided by our investment in the property. Our initial stabilized yield excludes the benefit of leverage. Our cash rents related to our value-creation projects are generally expected to increase over time due to contractual annual rent escalations, and our average cash yields are generally expected to be greater than our initial stabilized yields (cash basis).escalations. Our estimates for initial stabilized yields, initial stabilized yields (cash basis), and total costs at completion represent our initial estimates at the commencement of the project. We expect to update this information upon completion of the project, or sooner if there are significant changes to the expected project yields or costs.
•Initial stabilized yield reflects rental income, including contractual rent escalations and any rent concessions over the term(s) of the lease(s), calculated on a straight-line basis.
•Initial stabilized yield (cash basis) reflects cash rents at the stabilization date after initial rental concessions, if any, have elapsed and our total cash investment in the property.
Investment-grade or publicly traded large cap tenants represent tenants that are investment-grade rated or publicly traded companies with an average daily market capitalization greater than $10 billion for the twelve months ended September 30, 2022, as reported by Bloomberg Professional Services. Credit ratings from Moody’s Investors Service and S&P Global Ratings reflect credit ratings of the tenant’s parent entity, and there can be no assurance that a straight-line basis,tenant’s parent entity will satisfy the tenant’s lease obligation upon such tenant’s default. We monitor the credit quality and related material changes of our total cash investmenttenants. Material changes that cause a tenant’s market capitalization to decrease below $10 billion, which are not immediately reflected in the property.twelve-month average, may result in their exclusion from this measure.
109
Investments in real estate – value-creation square footage currently in rental properties
The square footage presented in the table below includes RSF of buildings in operation as of September 30, 2022, primarily representing lease expirations at recently acquired properties that also have inherent future development or redevelopment opportunities and for which we have the intent to demolish or redevelop the existing property upon expiration of the existing in-place leases and commencement of future construction:
| Dev/Redev | RSF of Lease Expirations Targeted for Development and Redevelopment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property/Submarket | 2022 | 2023 | Thereafter(1) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Near-term projects: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100 Edwin H. Land Boulevard/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | Redev | — | — | 104,500 | 104,500 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 40 Sylvan Road/Route 128 | Redev | — | 312,845 | — | 312,845 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 275 Grove Street/Route 128 | Redev | — | — | 160,251 | 160,251 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 840 Winter Street/Route 128 | Redev | — | 10,265 | 17,965 | 28,230 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3825 Fabian Way/Greater Stanford | Redev | 250,000 | — | — | 250,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3301 Monte Villa Parkway/Bothell | Redev | — | — | 50,552 | 50,552 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other/Texas | Redev | — | — | 143,105 | 143,105 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 250,000 | 323,110 | 476,373 | 1,049,483 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intermediate-term projects: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9444 Waples Street/Sorrento Mesa | Dev | 9,199 | — | — | 9,199 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9,199 | — | — | 9,199 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Future projects: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 550 Arsenal Street/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | Dev | — | — | 260,867 | 260,867 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 446 and 458 Arsenal Street/Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | Dev | — | — | 38,200 | 38,200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 380 and 420 E Street/Seaport Innovation District | Dev | — | — | 195,506 | 195,506 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other/Greater Boston | Redev | — | — | 167,549 | 167,549 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1122 and 1150 El Camino Real/South San Francisco | Dev | — | — | 655,172 | 655,172 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3875 Fabian Way/Greater Stanford | Redev | — | — | 228,000 | 228,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 960 Industrial Road/Greater Stanford | Dev | — | — | 110,000 | 110,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 219 East 42nd Street/New York City | Dev | — | — | 349,947 | 349,947 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10975 and 10995 Torreyana Road/Torrey Pines | Dev | — | — | 84,829 | 84,829 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Point/University Town Center | Dev | — | — | 495,192 | 495,192 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence District by Alexandria/Sorrento Mesa | Dev/Redev | — | — | 689,938 | 689,938 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4025 and 4045 Sorrento Valley Boulevard/Sorrento Valley | Dev | — | — | 22,886 | 22,886 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 601 Dexter Avenue North/Lake Union | Dev | — | 18,680 | — | 18,680 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 830 4th Avenue South/SoDo | Dev | — | — | 42,380 | 42,380 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other/Seattle | Dev | — | — | 102,437 | 102,437 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | 18,680 | 3,442,903 | 3,461,583 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 259,199 | 341,790 | 3,919,276 | 4,520,265 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Includes vacant square footage as of September 30, 2022.
Joint venture financial information
We present components of balance sheet and operating results information related to our real estate joint ventures, which are not in accordance withpresented, or intended to be presentationspresented, in accordance with GAAP. We present the proportionate share of certain financial line items as follows: (i) for each real estate joint venture that we consolidate in our financial statements, which are controlled by us through contractual rights or majority voting rights, but of which we own less than 100%, we apply the noncontrolling interest economic ownership percentage to each financial item to arrive at the amount of such cumulative noncontrolling interest share of each component presented; and (ii) for each real estate joint venture that we do not control and do not consolidate, and are instead controlled jointly or by our joint venture partners through contractual rights or majority voting rights, we apply our economic ownership percentage to each financial item to arrive at our proportionate share of each component presented.
110
The components of balance sheet and operating results information related to our real estate joint ventures do not represent our legal claim to those items. The joint venture agreement forFor each entity that we do not wholly own, the joint venture agreement generally determines what equity holders can receive upon capital events, such as sales or refinancing, or in the event of a liquidation. Equity holders are normally entitled to their respective legal ownership of any residual cash from a joint venture only after all liabilities, priority distributions, and claims have been repaid or satisfied.
We believe that this information can help investors estimate the balance sheet and operating results information related to our partially owned entities. Presenting this information provides a perspective not immediately available from consolidated financial statements and one that can supplement an understanding of the joint venture assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses included in our consolidated results.
The components of balance sheet and operating results information related to our real estate joint ventures are limited as an analytical tool as the overall economic ownership interest does not represent our legal claim to each of our joint ventures’ assets, liabilities, or results of operations. In addition, joint venture financial information may include financial information related to the unconsolidated real estate joint ventures that we do not control. We believe that in order to facilitate for investors a clear understanding of our operating results and our total assets and liabilities, joint venture financial information should be examined in conjunction with our consolidated statements of incomeoperations and balance sheets. Joint venture financial information should not be considered an alternative to our consolidated financial statements, which are presented and prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Mega campus
Mega campuses are cluster campuses that consist of approximately 1 million RSF or more, including operating, active development/redevelopment, and land RSF less operating RSF expected to be demolished. The following table reconciles our operating RSF as of September 30, 2022:
| Operating RSF | ||||||||
| Mega campus | 27,716,476 | |||||||
| Non-mega campus | 13,349,223 | |||||||
| Total | 41,065,699 | |||||||
| Mega campus RSF as a percentage of total operating property RSF | 67 | % | ||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities after dividends
Net cash provided by operating activities after dividends includes the deduction for distributions to noncontrolling interests. For purposes of this calculation, changes in operating assets and liabilities are excluded as they represent timing differences.
111
Net debt to Adjusted EBITDA and net debt and preferred stock to Adjusted EBITDA
Net debt and preferred stock to Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that we believe is useful to investors as a supplemental measure inof evaluating our balance sheet leverage. Net debt and preferred stock is equal to the sum of total consolidated debt less cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. Net debt and preferred stock is equal to the sum of net debt, as discussed above,cash, plus preferred stock outstanding as of period end.the end of the period. Refer to the definition of “Adjusted EBITDA”EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin” within this section of this Item 2 for further information on the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA.
The following table reconciles debt to net debt and to net debt and preferred stock and computes the ratio of each to Adjusted EBITDA as of September 30, 2017,2022 and December 31, 20162021 (dollars in thousands):
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Secured notes payable | $ | 40,594 | $ | 205,198 | |||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 10,098,588 | 8,316,678 | |||||||||
| Unsecured senior line of credit and commercial paper | 386,666 | 269,990 | |||||||||
| Unamortized deferred financing costs | 76,947 | 65,476 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | (533,824) | (361,348) | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | (332,344) | (53,879) | |||||||||
| Preferred stock | — | — | |||||||||
| Net debt and preferred stock | $ | 9,736,627 | $ | 8,442,115 | |||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA: | |||||||||||
| – quarter annualized | $ | 1,810,764 | $ | 1,631,244 | |||||||
| – trailing 12 months | $ | 1,743,613 | $ | 1,517,838 | |||||||
| Net debt and preferred stock to Adjusted EBITDA: | |||||||||||
| – quarter annualized | 5.4 | x | 5.2 | x | |||||||
| – trailing 12 months | 5.6 | x | 5.6 | x | |||||||
112
| September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
| Secured notes payable | $ | 1,153,890 | $ | 1,011,292 | |||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 2,801,290 | 2,378,262 | |||||
| Unsecured senior line of credit | 314,000 | 28,000 | |||||
| Unsecured senior bank term loans | 547,860 | 746,471 | |||||
| Unamortized deferred financing costs | 27,803 | 29,917 | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | (118,562 | ) | (125,032 | ) | |||
| Restricted cash | (27,713 | ) | (16,334 | ) | |||
| Net debt | $ | 4,698,568 | $ | 4,052,576 | |||
| Net debt | $ | 4,698,568 | $ | 4,052,576 | |||
| 7.00% Series D cumulative convertible preferred stock | 74,386 | 86,914 | |||||
| 6.45% Series E cumulative redeemable preferred stock | — | 130,000 | |||||
| Net debt and preferred stock | $ | 4,772,954 | $ | 4,269,490 | |||
| Adjusted EBITDA: | |||||||
| – quarter annualized | $ | 773,828 | $ | 662,836 | |||
| – trailing 12 months | $ | 728,869 | $ | 610,839 | |||
| Net debt to Adjusted EBITDA: | |||||||
| – quarter annualized | 6.1 | x | 6.1 | x | |||
| – trailing 12 months | 6.4 | x | 6.6 | x | |||
| Net debt and preferred stock to Adjusted EBITDA: | |||||||
| – quarter annualized | 6.2 | x | 6.4 | x | |||
| – trailing 12 months | 6.5 | x | 7.0 | x | |||
Net operating income, net operating income (cash basis), and operating margin
The following table reconciles net income (loss) to total net operating income (inand net operating income (cash basis) and computes operating margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | Net income | $ | 383,443 | $ | 124,433 | $ | 575,433 | $ | 554,486 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 59,546 | $ | 28,559 | $ | 148,597 | $ | (69,591 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | (14,100 | ) | (273 | ) | (15,050 | ) | 270 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | (40) | (3,091) | (473) | (9,237) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 17,636 | 15,854 | 56,099 | 46,426 | General and administrative expenses | 49,958 | 37,931 | 134,286 | 109,807 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 31,031 | 25,850 | 92,563 | 75,730 | Interest expense | 22,984 | 35,678 | 76,681 | 107,303 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 107,788 | 77,133 | 309,069 | 218,168 | Depreciation and amortization | 254,929 | 210,842 | 737,666 | 581,807 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of real estate | — | 8,114 | 203 | 193,237 | Impairment of real estate | 38,783 | 42,620 | 38,783 | 52,675 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — | 3,230 | 670 | 3,230 | Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — | — | 3,317 | 67,253 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sales of real estate – rental properties | — | — | (270 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sales of real estate – land parcels | — | (90 | ) | (111 | ) | (90 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Gain) loss on sales of real estate | (Gain) loss on sales of real estate | (323,699) | 435 | (537,918) | (2,344) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment loss (income) | Investment loss (income) | 32,305 | (67,084) | 312,105 | (372,361) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net operating income | $ | 201,901 | $ | 158,377 | $ | 591,770 | $ | 467,380 | Net operating income | 458,663 | 381,764 | 1,339,880 | 1,089,389 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-line rent revenue | Straight-line rent revenue | (24,431) | (33,918) | (93,818) | (89,203) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of acquired below-market leases | Amortization of acquired below-market leases | (23,546) | (13,664) | (54,221) | (39,043) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net operating income (cash basis) | Net operating income (cash basis) | $ | 410,686 | $ | 334,182 | $ | 1,191,841 | $ | 961,143 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 285,370 | $ | 230,379 | $ | 829,306 | $ | 672,544 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net operating income (cash basis) – annualized | Net operating income (cash basis) – annualized | $ | 1,642,744 | $ | 1,336,728 | $ | 1,589,121 | $ | 1,281,524 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net operating income (from above) | Net operating income (from above) | $ | 458,663 | $ | 381,764 | $ | 1,339,880 | $ | 1,089,389 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | Total revenues | $ | 659,852 | $ | 547,759 | $ | 1,918,681 | $ | 1,537,227 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating margin | 71% | 69% | 71% | 69% | Operating margin | 70% | 70% | 70% | 71% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net operating income is a non-GAAP financial measure calculated as net income, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, excluding equity in the earnings (losses) of our unconsolidated real estate joint ventures, general and administrative expenses, interest expense, depreciation and amortization, impairmentimpairments of real estate, gaingains or losslosses on early extinguishment of debt, and gaingains or losslosses on sales of real estate.estate, and investment income or loss. We believe net operating income provides useful information to investors regarding our financial condition and results of operations because it primarily reflects those income and expense items that are incurred at the property level. Therefore, we believe net operating income is a useful measure for evaluatinginvestors to evaluate the operating performance of our consolidated real estate assets. Net operating income on a cash basis is net operating income adjusted to exclude the effect of straight-line rent and amortization of acquired above- and below-market lease revenue adjustments required by GAAP. We believe that net operating income on a cash basis is helpful to investors as an additional measure of operating performance because it eliminates the timing differences between the recognition ofstraight-line rent revenue in accordance with GAAP and the receiptamortization of payments reflected in our consolidated results.acquired above- and below-market leases.
113
Furthermore, we believe net operating income is useful to investors as a performance measure of our consolidated properties because, when compared across periods, net operating income reflects trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, and operating costs, which provide a perspective not immediately apparent from net income.income or loss. Net operating income can be used to measure the initial stabilized yields of our properties by calculating the quotient of net operating income generated by a property on a straight-line basis anddivided by our investment in the property. Net operating income excludes certain components from net income in order to provide results that are more closely related to the results of operations of our properties. For example, interest expense is not necessarily linked to the operating performance of a real estate asset and is often incurred at the corporate level rather than at the property level. In addition, depreciation and amortization, because of historical cost accounting and useful life estimates, may distort comparability of operating performance at the property level. Impairments of real estate have been excluded in deriving net operating income because we do not consider impairments of real estate to be property-level operating expenses. Impairments of real estate relate to changes in the values of our assets and do not reflect the current operating performance with respect to related revenues or expenses. Our impairments of real estate represent the write-down in the value of the assets to the estimated fair value less cost to sell. These impairments result from investing decisions andor a deterioration in market conditions. We also exclude realized and unrealized investment gain or loss, which results from investment decisions that occur at the corporate level related to non-real estate investments in publicly traded companies and certain privately held entities. Therefore, we do not consider these activities to be an indication of operating performance of our real estate assets at the property level. Our calculation of net operating income also excludes charges incurred from changes in certain financing decisions, such as losslosses on early extinguishment of debt, as these charges often relate to corporate strategy. Property operating expenses that are included in determining net operating income primarily consist of costs that are related to our operating properties, such as utilities, repairs, and maintenance; rental expense related to ground leases; contracted services, such as janitorial, engineering, and landscaping; property taxes and insurance; and property-level salaries. General and administrative expenses consist
primarily of accounting and corporate compensation, corporate insurance, professional fees, office rent, and office supplies that are incurred as part of corporate office management. We calculate operating margin as net operating income divided by total revenues.
We believe that in order to facilitate for investors a clear understanding of our operating results, net operating income should be examined in conjunction with net income or loss as presented in our consolidated statements of income.operations. Net operating income should not be considered as an alternative to net income or loss as an indication of our performance, nor as an alternative to cash flows as a measure either of our liquidity or our ability to make distributions.
Operating statistics
We present certain operating statistics related to our properties, including number of properties, RSF, annual rental revenue, annual rental revenue per occupied RSF, occupancy percentage, leasing activity, rental rates, and contractual lease expirations as of the end of the period. We believe these measures are useful to investors because they facilitate an understanding of certain trends for our properties. We compute operating statisticsthe number of properties, RSF, occupancy percentage, leasing activity, and contractual lease expirations at 100% for all properties managed by us,in which we have an investment, including properties owned by our consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures. For operating metrics based on annual rental revenue, refer to the definition of “Annual rental revenue” in this “Non-GAAP measures and definitions” section of this Item 2.
Same property comparisons
As a result of changes within our total property portfolio during the comparative periods presented, including changes from assets acquired or sold, properties placed into development or redevelopment, and development or redevelopment properties recently placed into service, the consolidated total rental revenues, tenant recoveries, andincome from rentals, as well as rental operating expenses in our operating results, can show significant changes from period to period. In order to supplement an evaluation of our results of operations over a given quarterly or annual period, we analyze the operating performance for all consolidated properties that were fully operating for the entirety of the comparative periods presented, referred to as same properties. We separately present quarterly and year-to-date same property results to align with the interim financial information required by the SEC in our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations. These same properties are analyzed separately from properties acquired subsequent to the first day in the earliest comparable quarterly or year-to-date period presented, properties that underwent development or redevelopment at any time during the comparative periods, unconsolidated real estate joint ventures, properties classified as held for sale, and corporate entities (legal entities performing general and administrative functions), which are excluded from same property results. Additionally, rental revenues from lease termination fees, if any, are excluded from the results of same properties. Refer to the “Same properties” subsection in the “Results of operations” section within this Item 2 for additional information.
Stabilized occupancy date
The stabilized occupancy date represents the estimated date on which the project is expected to reach occupancy of 95% or greater.
Tenant recoveries
Tenant recoveries represent revenues comprising reimbursement of real estate taxes, insurance, utilities, repairs and maintenance, common area expenses, and other operating expenses and earned in the period during which the applicable expenses are incurred and the tenant’s obligation to reimburse us arises.
114
We classify rental revenues and tenant recoveries generated through the leasing of real estate assets within revenue in income from rentals in our consolidated statements of operations. We provide investors with a separate presentation of rental revenues and tenant recoveries in the “Comparison of results for the three months ended September 30, 2022 to the three months ended September 30, 2021” subsection of the “Results of operations” section within this Item 2 because we believe it promotes investors’ understanding of our operating results. We believe that the presentation of tenant recoveries is useful to investors as a supplemental measure of our ability to recover operating expenses under our triple net leases, including recoveries of utilities, repairs and maintenance, insurance, property taxes, common area expenses, and other operating expenses, and of our ability to mitigate the effect to net income for any significant variability to components of our operating expenses.
The following table reconciles income from rentals to tenant recoveries for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from rentals | $ | 656,853 | $ | 546,527 | $ | 1,910,366 | $ | 1,533,593 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Rental revenues | (496,146) | (415,918) | (1,450,750) | (1,182,955) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tenant recoveries | $ | 160,707 | $ | 130,609 | $ | 459,616 | $ | 350,638 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total equity capitalization
Total equity capitalization is equal to the outstanding shares of common stock multiplied by the closing price on the last trading day at the end of each period presented.
Total market capitalization
Total market capitalization is equal to the sum of total equity market capitalization and total debt. Total equity market capitalization is equal to the sum of outstanding shares of 7.00% Series D cumulative convertible preferred stock, 6.45% Series E cumulative redeemable preferred stock, and common stock multiplied by the related closing price of each class of security at the end of each period presented.
Unencumbered net operating income as a percentage of total net operating income
Unencumbered net operating income as a percentage of total net operating income is a non-GAAP financial measure that we believe is useful to investors as a performance measure of the results of operations of our unencumbered real estate assets as it reflects those income and expense items that are incurred at the unencumbered property level. Unencumbered net operating income is derived from assets classified in continuing operations, which are not subject to any mortgage, deed of trust, lien, or other security interest, as of the period for which income is presented.
The following table summarizes unencumbered net operating income as a percentage of total net operating income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20172022 and 20162021 (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Unencumbered net operating income | $ | 457,656 | $ | 371,026 | $ | 1,325,089 | $ | 1,054,290 | |||||||||||||||
| Encumbered net operating income | 1,007 | 10,738 | 14,791 | 35,099 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total net operating income | $ | 458,663 | $ | 381,764 | $ | 1,339,880 | $ | 1,089,389 | |||||||||||||||
| Unencumbered net operating income as a percentage of total net operating income | 100% | 97% | 99% | 97% | |||||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding – diluted
From time to time, we enter into capital market transactions, including forward equity sales agreements (“Forward Agreements”), to fund acquisitions, to fund construction of our highly leased development and redevelopment projects, and for general working capital purposes. We are required to consider the potential dilutive effect of our forward equity sales agreements under the treasury stock method while the forward equity sales agreements are outstanding. As of September 30, 2022, we had Forward Agreements outstanding to sell an aggregate of 8.0 million shares of common stock. Refer to Note 13 – “Stockholders’ equity” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of this report for additional information.
115
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
| Unencumbered net operating income | $ | 164,291 | $ | 137,943 | $ | 479,754 | $ | 400,027 | |||||||
| Encumbered net operating income | 37,610 | 20,434 | 112,016 | 67,353 | |||||||||||
| Total net operating income | $ | 201,901 | $ | 158,377 | $ | 591,770 | $ | 467,380 | |||||||
| Unencumbered net operating income as a percentage of total net operating income | 81% | 87% | 81% | 86% | |||||||||||
The weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding used in calculating EPS – diluted, funds from operations per share – diluted, and funds from operations per share – diluted, as adjusted, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are calculated as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic shares for earnings per share | 161,554 | 150,854 | 160,400 | 144,716 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Forward Agreements | — | 707 | — | 437 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted shares for earnings per share | 161,554 | 151,561 | 160,400 | 145,153 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Basic shares for funds from operations per share and funds from operations per share, as adjusted | 161,554 | 150,854 | 160,400 | 144,716 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Forward Agreements | — | 707 | — | 437 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted shares for funds from operations per share and funds from operations per share, as adjusted | 161,554 | 151,561 | 160,400 | 145,153 | |||||||||||||||||||
116
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest rate risk
The primary market risk to which we believe we aremay be exposed is interest rate risk, which may result from many factors, including government monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations, and other factors that are beyond our control.
In order to modify and manage the interest rate characteristics of our outstanding debt and to limit the effects of interest rate risks on our operations, we may utilize a variety of financial instruments, including interest rate swaphedge agreements, caps, floors, and other interest rate exchange contracts. The use of these types of instruments to hedge a portion of our exposure to changes in interest rates carriesmay carry additional risks, such as counterparty credit risk and the legal enforceability of hedging contracts.hedge agreements. As of September 30, 2022, we did not have any outstanding interest rate hedge agreements.
Our future earnings and fair values relating to financial instrumentsour outstanding debt are primarily dependent upon prevalent market rates of interest, such as LIBOR. However, our interest rate hedge agreements are intended to reduce the effects of interest rate fluctuations.interest. The following table illustratestables illustrate the effect of a 1% change in interest rates, assuming a LIBORzero percent interest rate floor, of 0%, on our fixed- and variable-rate debt including our $1.65 billion unsecured senior line of credit, unsecured senior bank term loans, and secured construction loans, after considering the effect of our interest rate hedge agreements, secured debt, and unsecured senior notes payable as of September 30, 20172022 (in thousands):
| Annualized effect on future earnings due to variable-rate debt: | |||
| Rate increase of 1% | $ | (4,509 | ) |
| Rate decrease of 1% | $ | 4,509 | |
| Effect on fair value of total consolidated debt and interest rate hedge agreements: | |||
| Rate increase of 1% | $ | (201,681 | ) |
| Rate decrease of 1% | $ | 216,680 | |
| Annualized effect on future earnings due to variable-rate debt: | |||||
| Rate increase of 1% | $ | (574) | |||
| Rate decrease of 1% | $ | 574 | |||
| Effect on fair value of total consolidated debt: | |||||
| Rate increase of 1% | $ | (648,360) | |||
| Rate decrease of 1% | $ | 735,897 | |||
These amounts are determined by considering the impacteffect of the hypothetical interest rates on our borrowing cost and our interest rate hedge agreements in existence onborrowings as of September 30, 2017.2022. These analyses do not consider the effects of the reduced level of overall economic activity that could exist in such an environment. Further,Furthermore, in the event of a change of such magnitude, we would consider taking actions to further mitigate our exposure to the change. Because of the uncertainty of the specific actions that would be taken and their possible effects, the sensitivity analyses assume no changes in our capital structure.
Equity price risk
We have exposure to equity price market risk because of our equity investments in certain publicly traded companies and privately held entities. We classifyAll of our investments in publiclyactively traded public companies as available-for-sale and consequently recognize themare reflected in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value, with unrealized gains or losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Investmentsvalue. Our investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share are generally accounted for under the cost method because wemeasured at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient to fair value. Our equity investments in privately held entities that do not influence anyreport NAV per share are measured at cost less impairments, adjusted for observable price changes during the period. Changes in fair value of the operating or financial policiespublic investments, changes in NAV per share reported by privately held entities, and observable price changes of theprivately held entities that do not report NAV per share are classified as investment income in which we invest. For all investments, we recognize other-than-temporary declines in value against earnings in the same period during which the decline in value was deemed to have occurred.our consolidated statements of operations. There is no assurance that future declines in value will not have a material adverse impacteffect on our future results of operations. The following table illustrates the effect that a 10% change in the fair value of our equity investments would have on earnings as of September 30, 20172022 (in thousands):
| Equity price risk: | |||||
| Fair value increase of 10% | $ | 162,492 | |||
| Fair value decrease of 10% | $ | (162,492) | |||
117
| Equity price risk: | |||
| Fair value increase of 10% | $ | 48,526 | |
| Fair value decrease of 10% | $ | (48,526 | ) |
Foreign currency exchange rate risk
We have exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk related to our subsidiaries operating in Canada and Asia. The functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries are the local currencies in each respective local currencies.country. Gains or losses resulting from the translation of our foreign subsidiaries’ balance sheets and statements of incomeoperations are classified in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component of total equity.equity and are excluded from net income (loss). Gains or losses will be reflected in our consolidated statements of incomeoperations when there is a sale or partial sale of our investment in these operations or upon a complete or substantially complete liquidation of the investment. The following table illustratestables illustrate the effect that a 10% change in foreign currency rates relative to the U.S. dollar would have on our potential future earnings and on the fair value of our net investment in foreign subsidiaries based on our current operating assets outside the U.S. as of September 30, 20172022 (in thousands):
| Effect of potential future earnings due to foreign currency exchange rate: | |||
| Rate increase of 10% | $ | 70 | |
| Rate decrease of 10% | $ | (70 | ) |
| Effect on the fair value of net investment in foreign subsidiaries due to foreign currency exchange rate: | |||
| Rate increase of 10% | $ | 12,184 | |
| Rate decrease of 10% | $ | (12,184 | ) |
| Effect on potential future earnings due to foreign currency exchange rate: | |||||
| Rate increase of 10% | $ | 91 | |||
| Rate decrease of 10% | $ | (91) | |||
| Effect on the fair value of net investment in foreign subsidiaries due to foreign currency exchange rate: | |||||
| Rate increase of 10% | $ | 18,054 | |||
| Rate decrease of 10% | $ | (18,054) | |||
This sensitivity analysis assumes a parallel shift of all foreign currency exchange rates with respect to the U.S. dollar; however, foreign currency exchange rates do not typically move in such a manner, and actual results may differ materially.
Our exposure to market risk elements for the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2022 was consistent with the risk elements presented above, including the effects of changes in interest rates, equity prices, and foreign currency exchange rates.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
As of September 30, 2017,2022, we had performed an evaluation, under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”)principal executive officers and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”),principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. These controls and procedures have been designed to ensure that information required for disclosure is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the requisite time periods. Based on our evaluation, the CEOprincipal executive officers and the CFOprincipal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2017.2022.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting
There has not been any change in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2017,2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
118
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
In addition to the information set forth in this quarterly report on Form 10‑Q,10-Q, one should also carefully review and consider the information contained in our other reports and periodic filings that we make with the SEC, including, without limitation, the information contained under the caption “Item 1A. Risk Factors”factors” in our annual report on Form 10‑K10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2021. Those risk factors could materially affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The risks that we describe in our public filings are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we presently deem to be immaterial, also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed under the caption “Item 1A. Risk factors” to our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, except for the following updates:
Operating factors
Most of our costs, such as operating and general and administrative expenses, interest expense, and real estate acquisition and construction costs, are subject to inflation.
During the twelve months ended September 2022, the consumer price index rose by approximately 8.2%, compared to the twelve months ended September 2021. The recent increases in the consumer price index began during the COVID-19 pandemic and were attributed to disruption in global supply chains and labor shortages. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal government instituted a series of stimulus policies, aggregating approximately $6 trillion, which may have contributed to strong consumer demand and increased consumer spending.
Early in 2022, China encountered its largest COVID-19 outbreak since the pandemic began in 2020, with approximately two-thirds of the country’s provinces experiencing sustained outbreaks of the virus. In response, several of China’s largest factory cities have ordered lockdowns, which, among its other impacts, have halted production of key consumer goods. Prior to the pandemic in 2019, China accounted for over 28% of global manufacturing output, but ongoing effects resulting from the previous COVID-19 pandemic and the recent surge of outbreaks in China have continued to impose strains on the global supply chain and will likely continue to do so in the near term.
Additional supply chain disruptions have been caused by a shortage of long-haul truckers and recent protests by the same. In addition, federal policies and recent global events may have exacerbated, and may continue to exacerbate, increases in the consumer price index. Those events include the following:
•In recent years, the energy policy of the U.S. has lacked a consistent approach. Since 2015, during various administrations, the U.S. has participated in, abandoned, and rejoined the Paris climate accord. In addition, the energy policy of the federal government in recent years has, at various times, either limited or increased the production of fossil fuels in the U.S. On March 31, 2022, in response to the current increase in oil prices, President Biden authorized the release of 1 million barrels per day for the next six months – over 180 million barrels in total – from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. In addition, the administration is encouraging oil producers to utilize the approximately 9,000 approved but unused permits for production of oil and gas on federal lands.
•The U.S. administration has requested that members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”), including Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, to significantly increase crude oil production as a way to calm soaring prices on oil. Conflicts in the Middle East, including a civil war in Yemen where the Saudi government has been heavily involved, and other differences among the U.S., Saudi Arabia, and other OPEC members have thus far hindered an agreement to increase oil production by OPEC beyond a modest increase in the summer months.
•Beginning in late 2021, as political tensions between Russia and Ukraine increased, Russia amassed troops on the Ukrainian border, and in February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. In response, global economic sanctions have been imposed on Russia by the U.S. and the European Union (“EU”), among others.
These factors appear to have had a significant impact on increases to the consumer price index, including increases in food prices and energy costs, as reflected in crude oil prices that have increased from $60–$70 per barrel in mid-2021 to $80–$90 per barrel recently in 2022.
119
Our operating expenses are incurred in connection with, among others, the property-related contracted services such as janitorial and engineering services, utilities, repairs and maintenance, and insurance. Property taxes are also impacted by inflationary changes as taxes are regularly reassessed based on changes in the fair value of our properties located outside of California. In California, property taxes are not reassessed based on changes in the fair value of the underlying real estate asset but are instead limited to a maximum 2% annual increase by law.
Our operating expenses, with the exception of ground lease rental expenses, are typically recoverable through our lease arrangements, which allow us to pass through substantially all expenses associated with property taxes, insurance, utilities, repairs and maintenance, and other operating expenses (including increases thereto) to our tenants. As of September 30, 2022, 91% of our existing leases (on an annual rental revenue basis) were triple net leases, which allow us to recover operating expenses, and 94% of our existing leases (on an annual rental revenue basis) also provided for the recapture of capital expenditures. Our remaining leases are generally gross leases, which provide for recoveries of operating expenses above the operating expenses from the initial year within each lease.
During inflationary periods, we expect to recover increases in operating expenses from our triple net leases and our gross leases. As a result, we do not believe that inflation would result in a significant adverse effect on our net operating income, results of operations, and operating cash flows at the property level. However, there is no guarantee that our tenants would be able to absorb these expense increases and be able to continue to pay us their portion of operating expenses, capital expenditures, and rent. Also, due to rising costs, they may be unable to continue operating their businesses or conducting research and development activities altogether. Alternatively, our tenants may decide to relocate to areas with lower rent and operating expenses, where we may not currently own properties, and our tenants may cease to lease properties from us. The success of our business depends in large part on our ability to operate our properties effectively. If we are unable to retain our tenants or withstand increases in operating expenses, capital expenditures, and rental costs, we may be unable to meet our financial expectations, which may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation costs, technology services, and professional service fees. Annually, our employee compensation is adjusted to reflect merit increases; however, to maintain our ability to successfully compete for the best talent, especially in a talent shortage environment, rising inflation rates may require us to provide compensation increases beyond historical annual merit increases, which may unexpectedly or significantly increase our compensation costs. Similarly, technology services and professional service fees are also subject to the impact of inflation and expected to increase proportionately with increasing market prices for such services. Consequently, inflation may increase our general and administrative expenses over time and may adversely impact our results of operations and operating cash flows.
Also, during inflationary periods, interest rates have historically increased. In March 2022, in an attempt to curb the inflation rate, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “U.S. Federal Reserve”) raised its benchmark federal funds rate by 0.25% to a range between 0.25% and 0.50%, the first increase since December 2018. In addition, in May 2022, the U.S. Federal Reserve increased the federal funds rate by 0.5% to a range between 0.75% and 1.00%. In June 2022, the U.S. Federal Reserve further increased the federal funds rate by 0.75% to a range between 1.50% and 1.75%, representing the most aggressive hike since 1994. In July 2022, the U.S. Federal Reserve increased the federal funds rate by 0.75% to a range between 2.25% and 2.50% and subsequently increased the rate again in September 2022 by 0.75% to a range between 3.00% and 3.25%. It is anticipated that the U.S. Federal Reserve will continue to raise the federal funds rate in the coming months, which may result in rates closer to or above a median range of 4.25% to 4.50% by the end of 2022.
In addition, on April 5, 2022, the Federal Reserve confirmed its plan to reduce its balance sheet at a rapid pace beginning in May 2022, effectively concluding the nearly 15-year-long quantitative easing era (in which the Federal Reserve effectively increased liquidity to consumers and businesses) and launching a reverse process known as quantitative tightening. Our exposure to increases in interest rates in the short term is limited to our variable-rate borrowings, which consist of borrowings under our unsecured senior line of credit and commercial paper program and SOFR-based secured notes payable. The effect of inflation on interest rates could increase our financing costs over time, either through near-term borrowings on our floating-rate line of credit and commercial paper program or refinancing of our existing borrowings that may incur higher interest expenses related to the issuance of new debt.
Historically, during periods of increasing interest rates, real estate valuations have generally decreased as a result of rising capitalization rates which tend to move directionally with interest rates. Consequently, prolonged periods of higher interest rates may negatively impact the valuation of our real estate asset portfolio and result in the decline of our stock price, and market capitalization, and lower sales proceeds from future real estate dispositions.
As of September 30, 2022, approximately 96% of our leases (on an annual rental revenue basis) contained effective annual rent escalations approximating 3% that were either fixed or indexed based on a consumer price index or other index. We have long-term lease agreements with our tenants, of which 1%–11% (based on occupied RSF) expire each year primarily over the next ten years. We believe that these annual lease expirations allow us to reset these leases to market rents upon
120
renewal or re-leasing and that annual rent escalations within our long-term leases are generally sufficient to offset the effect of inflation on non-recoverable costs, such as general and administrative expenses and interest expense. However, the impact of the current rate of inflation of 8.2% may not be adequately offset by some of our annual rent escalations, and it is possible that the resetting of rents from our renewal and re-leasing activities would not fully offset the impact of the current inflation rate. As a result, during inflationary periods in which the inflation rate exceeds the annual rent escalation percentages within our lease contracts, we may not adequately mitigate the impact of inflation, which may adversely affect to our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Additionally, inflationary pricing may have a negative effect on the construction costs necessary to complete our development and redevelopment projects, including, but not limited to, costs of construction materials, labor, and services from third-party contractors and suppliers. We rely on a number of third-party suppliers and contractors to supply raw materials, skilled labor, and services for our construction projects. During 2021 and the first half of 2022, industry prices for certain construction materials, including steel, copper, lumber, plywood, concrete, electrical materials, and HVAC materials, experienced significant increases as a result of low inventories; surging demand; underinvestment in infrastructure, tariffs imposed on imports of foreign steel, including on products from key competitors in the EU and China; significant changes in the U.S. steel production landscape stemming from the consolidation of certain steel-producing companies; and increases in global commodity and raw materials prices exacerbated by supply and energy shortages that have emerged since the Russia-Ukraine war in 2022.
As a result, the increase in costs of construction materials, heightened by recent inflationary pressure from events noted above, including the Russia-Ukraine conflict, may result in corresponding increases in our overall construction costs. Certain increases in the costs of construction materials, however, can often be managed in our development and redevelopment projects through either (i) general budget contingencies built into our overall construction costs estimates for each of our projects or (ii) guaranteed maximum price construction contracts, which stipulate a maximum price for certain construction costs and shift inflation risk to our construction general contractors. However, it is not guaranteed that our budget contingencies would accurately account for potential construction cost increases given the current severity of inflation and variety of contributing factors. Nor is it guaranteed that our general contractors would be able to absorb such increases in costs and complete our construction projects timely, within budget, or at all.
We have not encountered significant difficulty collaborating with our third-party suppliers and contractors and obtaining materials and skilled labor, nor experienced significant delays or increases in overall project costs due to the factors discussed above. While we do not rely on any single supplier or vendor for the majority of our materials and skilled labor, we may experience difficulties obtaining necessary materials from suppliers or vendors whose supply chains might become impacted by economic or political changes, outmoded technology, aging infrastructure, shortages of shipping containers and/or means of transportation, or difficulties obtaining adequate skilled labor from third-party contractors in a tightening labor market. It is uncertain whether we would be able to source the essential commodities, supplies, materials, and skilled labor timely or at all without incurring significant costs or delays, particularly during times of economic uncertainty resulting from events outside of our control, including, but not limited to, effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, federal policies, and the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war.
Higher construction costs could adversely impact our net investments in real estate and expected yields on our development and redevelopment projects, which may make otherwise lucrative investment opportunities less profitable to us. Our reliance on a number of third-party suppliers and contractors may also make such investment opportunities unattainable if we are unable to sufficiently fund our projects due to significant cost increases or are unable to obtain the resources and materials to do so reasonably due to disrupted supply chains. As a result, our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows, as well as our ability to pay dividends, could be adversely affected over time.
Economic and social volatility and geopolitical instability outside of the U.S. due to large-scale conflicts, including warfare among countries, may adversely impact us, the U.S., and global economies.
From time to time, tensions between countries may erupt into warfare and may adversely affect neighboring countries and those who conduct trade or foreign relations with those affected regions. Such acts of war may cause widespread and lingering damage on a global scale, including, but not limited to: (i) safety and cyber security, (ii) the economy, and (iii) global relations.
In February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine following years of strained diplomatic relations between the two countries, which was heightened in 2021 when Russia amassed large numbers of military ground forces and support personnel on the Ukraine-Russia border. In response to the invasion and ensuing war, many countries, including the U.S., imposed significant economic and other sanctions against Russia. The war has created the largest refugee crisis in Europe since World War II and has inflicted significant damage to Ukraine’s infrastructure and economy. Both countries’ economies may be significantly affected, which may also adversely impact the global economy, including that of the U.S. The humanitarian crisis that has resulted from the war is likely to have pronounced and enduring impact on Ukraine, as well as a significant impact to neighboring countries that have accepted refugees. Further, Russia has launched an onslaught of cyberwarfare against
121
Ukraine following its invasion, targeting the country’s critical infrastructure, government agencies, media organizations, and related think tanks in the U.S. and EU.
The current administration has cautioned Americans on the possibility of Russia targeting the U.S. with cyber attacks in retaliation for sanctions that the U.S. has imposed and has urged both the public and private sectors to strengthen their cyber defenses and protect critical services and infrastructure. Additionally, President Biden directed government bodies to mandate cybersecurity and network defense measures within their respective jurisdictions and has initiated action plans to reinforce cybersecurity within the electricity, pipeline, and water sectors. The current administration also launched joint efforts with the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (“CISA”) through its “Shields Up” campaign to defend the U.S. against possible cyber attacks. CISA recently published advisories warning of Russian state-sponsored threat actors targeting “COVID-19 research, governments, election organizations, healthcare and pharmaceutical, defense, energy, video gaming, nuclear, commercial facilities, water, aviation, and critical manufacturing” sectors in the U.S. and other Western nations. While we have not experienced such cyber attacks to date, it is yet unknown whether Russia will be successful in breaching our network defenses or, more broadly, those within the areas listed above, which, if successful, may cause disruptions to critical infrastructure required for our operations and livelihoods, or those of our tenants, communities, and business partners.
Further, international sanctions against Russia have led to many nations in the EU, the U.S., and Canada closing their airspace to Russia, with Russia retaliating by restricting its airspace to these nations and their allies, resulting in increased transport costs and logistical challenges for shipment of goods, which have exacerbated an already strained global supply chain previously disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The rising costs and uncertain supply of commodities, coupled with additional pressure on supply chains, may lead to increases in operating expenses, construction costs, and wages in the near term, as discussed in the preceding risk factor. These factors may also continue to drive inflation upward, creating further economic uncertainty and loss of investor confidence, which may also negatively impact the capital markets, investments, and asset prices.
Russia is a large supplier of natural gas and oil, particularly to European countries. During 2021, Europe purchased approximately 49% and 74% of Russia’s supply of oil and natural gas, respectively. As Russia’s largest customer of oil and natural gas, Europe may be severely impacted if there is a shortage or if Russia withholds supplies of energy resources in retaliation for sanctions imposed on Russia. Adverse impacts on the businesses and economies of European countries may also adversely impact those of other countries, including the U.S., who conduct trade with Europe.
The war and global response to Russia’s actions have led to disruption, instability, and volatility in global markets and industries, primarily in agriculture and energy sectors. Russia and Ukraine are among the key producers of agricultural commodities in the world and account for over 25% of global wheat exports, with Russia being the world’s largest exporter of wheat and fertilizers. Russia’s dominant market share in the export of fertilizers may severely impact farmers and cause further increases in global food prices. Concerns over whether farmers may be able to harvest sufficient crops, particularly in Ukraine, could also disrupt global trade for agricultural commodities. Many farmers have reduced their use of fertilizers as prices surge, which will likely result in lower harvest yields. Certain countries have already declared a state of emergency in their agricultural sectors over fears of food insecurity. It is expected that food prices also will continue to increase domestically, further propelling the pace of inflation.
The scale and extent of the impact from Russia-Ukraine war are not yet fully known. Disruption, instability, volatility, and decline in economic activity, regardless of where it occurs, whether caused by acts of war, other acts of aggression, or terrorism, could in turn also harm the demand for, the safety of, and the value of our properties. As a result of the factors discussed above, we may be unable to operate our business as usual, which may adversely affect our cash flows, financial condition, and results of operations.
122
We are subject to risks and liabilities in connection with properties owned through partnerships, limited liability companies, and joint ventures.
Our organizational documents do not limit the amount of funds that we may invest in non-wholly owned partnerships, limited liability companies, or joint ventures. Partnership, limited liability company, or joint venture investments involve certain risks, including, but not limited to, the following:
•Upon bankruptcy of non-wholly owned partnerships, limited liability companies, or joint venture entities, we may become liable for the liabilities of the partnership, limited liability company, or joint venture;
•We may share certain approval rights over major decisions with third parties;
•Our partners may file for bankruptcy protection or otherwise fail to fund their share of required capital
•contributions;
•Our partners, co-members, or joint venture partners might have economic or other business interests or goals that are inconsistent with our business interests or goals and that could affect our ability to lease or re-lease the property, operate the property, or maintain our qualification as a REIT;
•Our ability to sell the interest on advantageous terms when we so desire may be limited or restricted under the terms of our agreements with our partners; and
•We may not continue to own or operate the interests or assets underlying such relationships or may need to purchase such interests or assets at an above-market price to continue ownership.
The risks noted above could negatively impact us or require us to:
•Contribute additional capital if our partners fail to fund their share of any required capital contributions;
•Experience substantial unanticipated delays that could hinder either the initiation or completion of redevelopment activities or new construction;
•Incur additional expenses that could prevent the achievement of yields or returns that were initially anticipated;
•Become engaged in a dispute with our joint venture partner that could lead to the sale of either party’s ownership interest or the property at a price below estimated fair market value;
•Initiate litigation or settle disagreements with our partners through litigation or arbitration; and
•Suffer losses or less than optimal returns as a result of actions taken by our partners with respect to our joint venture investments.
We generally seek to maintain control of our partnerships, limited liability companies, and joint venture investments in a manner sufficient to permit us to achieve our business objectives. However, we may not be able to do so, and the occurrence of one or more of the events described above could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows, our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, and the market price of our common stock.
Any or all of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows, or the market price of our common stock. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we presently deem to be immaterial, may also have potential to materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
123
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Exhibit Number | Exhibit Title | Incorporated by Reference to: | Date Filed | |||||||||||||||||
| 3.1* | Form 10-Q | August 14, 1997 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3.2* | Form 10-Q | August 14, 1997 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3.3* | Form 8-K | May 12, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3.4* | Form 8-K | May | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3.5* | Form 10-Q | August 13, 1999 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3.6* | Form 8-K | February 10, 2000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3.7* | Form 8-K | February 10, 2000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3.8* | Form 8-A | January 18, 2002 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3.9* | Form 8-A | June 28, 2004 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3.10* | Form 8-K | March 25, 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3.11* | Form 8-K | March 14, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3.12* | Form 8-K | May 12, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Form | ||||||||||||||||||||
124
Exhibit Number | Exhibit Title | Incorporated by Reference to: | Date Filed | |||||||||||||||||
| The following materials from the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the | N/A | Filed herewith | ||||||||||||||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File – the cover page from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 is formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.1 | N/A | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||||||
(*) Incorporated by reference.
125
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on October 31, 2017.
24, 2022.
| ALEXANDRIA REAL ESTATE EQUITIES, INC. | |||||
| /s/ Joel S. Marcus | |||||
Joel S. Marcus Executive Chairman (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||
| /s/ Peter M. Moglia | |||||
| Peter M. Moglia Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||
| /s/ Dean A. Shigenaga | |||||
Dean A. Shigenaga President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||
126