UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

þQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018
oTRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from             to             
Commission File Number: 000-29187-87

CARRIZO OIL & GAS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Texas 76-0415919
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
 
500 Dallas Street, Suite 2300, Houston, Texas 77002
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(713) 328-1000
(Registrant’s telephone number)
 ____________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES  þ    NO  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    YES  þ    NO  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one): 
Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer ¨
 
Non-accelerated filer 
¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 Smaller reporting company ¨
       
    Emerging growth company ¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    YES  ¨    NO  þ
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, as of November 3, 2017April 30, 2018 was 81,454,621.82,067,457.






TABLE OF CONTENTS
 PAGE
Part I. Financial Information 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Part II. Other Information 
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
Signatures



Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
CARRIZO OIL & GAS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 September 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
 March 31,
2018
 December 31,
2017
Assets        
Current assets        
Cash and cash equivalents 
$5,092
 
$4,194
 
$4,885
 
$9,540
Accounts receivable, net 89,809
 64,208
 98,788
 107,441
Other current assets 7,826
 4,586
 15,528
 5,897
Total current assets 102,727
 72,988
 119,201
 122,878
Property and equipment        
Oil and gas properties, full cost method        
Proved properties, net 1,882,575
 1,294,667
 1,772,927
 1,965,347
Unproved properties, not being amortized 740,205
 240,961
 617,754
 660,287
Other property and equipment, net 10,538
 10,132
 10,304
 10,176
Total property and equipment, net 2,633,318
 1,545,760
 2,400,985
 2,635,810
Other assets 9,681
 7,579
 18,271
 19,616
Total Assets 
$2,745,726
 
$1,626,327
 
$2,538,457
 
$2,778,304
        
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity        
Current liabilities        
Accounts payable 
$87,077
 
$55,631
 
$106,328
 
$74,558
Revenues and royalties payable 46,821
 38,107
 47,231
 52,154
Accrued capital expenditures 111,485
 36,594
 93,531
 119,452
Accrued interest 25,305
 22,016
 23,737
 28,362
Accrued lease operating expense 16,394
 12,377
Derivative liabilities 6,778
 22,601
 115,259
 57,121
Other current liabilities 24,579
 24,633
 45,495
 41,175
Total current liabilities 318,439
 211,959
 431,581
 372,822
Long-term debt 1,701,439
 1,325,418
 1,442,898
 1,629,209
Asset retirement obligations 24,671
 20,848
 15,518
 23,497
Derivative liabilities 77,184
 27,528
 70,852
 112,332
Deferred income taxes 3,828
 3,635
Other liabilities 21,914
 17,116
 10,381
 51,650
Total liabilities 2,143,647
 1,602,869
 1,975,058
 2,193,145
Commitments and contingencies 
 
 
 
Preferred stock        
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 250,000 issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and none issued and outstanding as of
December 31, 2016
 213,400
 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 200,000 issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2018 and 250,000 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 172,118
 214,262
Shareholders’ equity        
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 180,000,000 shares authorized; 81,454,621 issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and 90,000,000 shares authorized; 65,132,499 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016 815
 651
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 180,000,000 shares authorized; 82,065,561 issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2018 and 81,454,621 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 821
 815
Additional paid-in capital 1,926,798
 1,665,891
 1,918,942
 1,926,056
Accumulated deficit (1,538,934) (1,643,084) (1,528,482) (1,555,974)
Total shareholders’ equity 388,679
 23,458
 391,281
 370,897
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity 
$2,745,726
 
$1,626,327
 
$2,538,457
 
$2,778,304
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CARRIZO OIL & GAS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONSINCOME
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017
Revenues          
Crude oil
$152,101
 
$95,154
 
$422,999
 
$254,758

$194,919
 
$128,092
Natural gas liquids12,467
 5,616
 27,678
 15,119
16,902
 7,425
Natural gas16,711
 10,407
 48,440
 29,886
13,459
 15,838
Total revenues181,279
 111,177
 499,117
 299,763
225,280
 151,355
          
Costs and Expenses          
Lease operating34,874
 24,282
 100,767
 71,071
39,273
 29,845
Production taxes7,741
 4,886
 21,092
 12,940
10,575
 6,208
Ad valorem taxes1,736
 1,426
 5,776
 3,950
1,973
 2,967
Depreciation, depletion and amortization67,564
 48,949
 181,018
 160,492
64,467
 54,382
General and administrative, net16,029
 18,119
 49,328
 59,046
27,292
 21,703
(Gain) loss on derivatives, net24,377
 (11,744) (27,004) 29,938
29,596
 (25,316)
Interest expense, net20,673
 21,190
 62,350
 58,913
15,517
 20,571
Impairment of proved oil and gas properties
 105,057
 
 576,540
Loss on extinguishment of debt8,676
 
Other expense, net462
 499
 1,640
 1,568
100
 974
Total costs and expenses173,456
 212,664
 394,967
 974,458
197,469
 111,334
          
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes7,823
 (101,487) 104,150
 (674,695)
Income tax benefit
 313
 
 
Net Income (Loss)
$7,823
 
($101,174) 
$104,150
 
($674,695)
Income Before Income Taxes27,811
 40,021
Income tax expense(319) 
Net Income
$27,492
 
$40,021
Dividends on preferred stock(2,249) 
 (2,249) 
(4,863) 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Shareholders
$5,574
 
($101,174) 
$101,901
 
($674,695)
Accretion on preferred stock(753) 
Loss on redemption of preferred stock(7,133) 
Net Income Attributable to Common Shareholders
$14,743
 
$40,021
          
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Shareholders Per Common Share       
Net Income Attributable to Common Shareholders Per Common Share   
Basic
$0.07
 
($1.72) 
$1.44
 
($11.49)
$0.18
 
$0.61
Diluted
$0.07
 
($1.72) 
$1.43
 
($11.49)
$0.18
 
$0.61
          
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding          
Basic81,053
 58,945
 70,728
 58,705
81,542
 65,188
Diluted81,138
 58,945
 71,147
 58,705
82,578
 65,778
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CARRIZO OIL & GAS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands, except share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 Common Stock Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Accumulated Deficit
 Total
Shareholders’
Equity
 Common Stock Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Accumulated Deficit
 Total
Shareholders’
Equity
 Shares Amount  Shares Amount 
Balance as of December 31, 2016 65,132,499
 
$651
 
$1,665,891
 
($1,643,084) 
$23,458
Balance as of December 31, 2017 81,454,621
 
$815
 
$1,926,056
 
($1,555,974) 
$370,897
Stock-based compensation expense 
 
 17,967
 
 17,967
 
 
 5,647
 
 5,647
Issuance of common stock upon grants of restricted stock awards and vestings of restricted stock units and performance shares 722,122
 8
 (36) 
 (28) 610,940
 6
 (12) 
 (6)
Sale of common stock, net of offering costs 15,600,000
 156
 222,222
 
 222,378
Issuance of warrants 
 
 23,003
 
 23,003
Dividends on preferred stock 
 
 (2,249) 
 (2,249) 
 
 (4,863) 
 (4,863)
Accretion on preferred stock 
 
 (753) 
 (753)
Loss on redemption of preferred stock 
 
 (7,133) 
 (7,133)
Net income 
 
 
 104,150
 104,150
 
 
 
 27,492
 27,492
Balance as of September 30, 2017 81,454,621
 
$815
 
$1,926,798
 
($1,538,934) 
$388,679
Balance as of March 31, 2018 82,065,561
 
$821
 
$1,918,942
 
($1,528,482) 
$391,281
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


CARRIZO OIL & GAS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
2017 20162018 2017
Cash Flows From Operating Activities      
Net income (loss)
$104,150
 
($674,695)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities   
Net income
$27,492
 
$40,021
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities   
Depreciation, depletion and amortization181,018
 160,492
64,467
 54,382
Impairment of proved oil and gas properties
 576,540
(Gain) loss on derivatives, net(27,004) 29,938
29,596
 (25,316)
Cash received for derivative settlements, net7,714
 98,820
Cash (paid) received for derivative settlements, net(14,365) 1,519
Loss on extinguishment of debt8,676
 
Stock-based compensation expense, net8,462
 30,834
3,518
 2,014
Deferred income taxes193
 
Non-cash interest expense, net2,961
 3,105
662
 1,091
Other, net4,249
 2,427
(2,689) 1,620
Changes in components of working capital and other assets and liabilities-      
Accounts receivable(25,885) 1,768
10,738
 (2,749)
Accounts payable14,748
 (20,294)15,526
 6,661
Accrued liabilities11,970
 (7,954)(4,317) (2,154)
Other assets and liabilities, net(1,786) (3,134)(773) (681)
Net cash provided by operating activities280,597
 197,847
138,724
 76,408
Cash Flows From Investing Activities      
Capital expenditures(433,561) (346,245)(234,685) (123,749)
Acquisitions of oil and gas properties(692,006) 

 (7,032)
Proceeds from divestitures of oil and gas properties, net18,212
 15,331
342,359
 17,372
Deposit for pending divestiture of oil and gas properties6,200
 
Other, net(3,804) (661)(87) (417)
Net cash used in investing activities(1,104,959) (331,575)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities107,587
 (113,826)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities      
Issuance of senior notes250,000
 
Redemption of senior notes(326,010) 
Redemption of preferred stock(50,030) 
Borrowings under credit agreement1,311,875
 510,116
694,260
 280,504
Repayments of borrowings under credit agreement(1,183,275) (414,116)(563,860) (244,504)
Payments of debt issuance costs and credit facility amendment fees(8,964) (1,150)
Sale of common stock, net of offering costs222,378
 
Sale of preferred stock, net of issuance costs236,404
 
Payments of debt issuance costs(150) (50)
Payment of dividends on preferred stock(2,249) 
(4,863) 
Other, net(909) (805)(313) (335)
Net cash provided by financing activities825,260
 94,045
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents898
 (39,683)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(250,966) 35,615
Net Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents(4,655) (1,803)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period4,194
 42,918
9,540
 4,194
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period
$5,092
 
$3,235

$4,885
 
$2,391
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CARRIZO OIL & GAS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Basis of Presentation
Nature of Operations
Carrizo Oil & Gas, Inc. is a Houston-based energy company which, together with its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”), is actively engaged in the exploration, development, and production of crude oil, NGLs, and gas from resource plays located in the United States. The Company’s current operations are principally focused in proven, producing oil and gas plays in the Eagle Ford Shale in South Texas and the Permian Basin in West Texas.
Consolidated Financial Statements
The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company after elimination of intercompany transactions and balances and have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and therefore do not include all disclosures required for financial statements prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”). In the opinion of management, these financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals and adjustments) necessary to present fairly, in all material respects, the Company’s interim financial position, results of operations and cash flows. However, the results of operations for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the full year. These financial statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162017 (“20162017 Annual Report”). Except as disclosed herein, there have been no material changes to the information disclosed in the notes in the 2017 Annual Report. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation. Such reclassifications had no material impact on prior period amounts.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The Company has provided a discussionRevenue Recognition
Impact of significant accounting policies, estimates, and judgments in “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in its 2016 Annual Report. There have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies since December 31, 2016, other than the recently adopted accounting pronouncement described below and the accounting for the ExL Acquisition and related financing. See “Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of Oil and Gas Properties”, “Note 8. Preferred Stock”, “Note 10. Derivative Instruments” and “Note 11. Fair Value Measurements” for further details.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement
Stock Compensation.ASC 606 Adoption In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”), which amends certain aspects of accounting for share-based payment arrangements. ASU 2016-09 revises or provides alternative accounting for the tax impacts of share-based payment arrangements, forfeitures, minimum statutory tax withholdings, and prescribes certain disclosures to be made in the period of adoption.
. Effective January 1, 2017,2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-09. UsingNo. 2014-09, Revenue From Contracts With Customers (Topic 606) (“ASC 606”) using the modified retrospective approach as prescribed by ASU 2016-09,method and has applied the Company recognized previously unrecognized windfall tax benefits which resultedstandard to all existing contracts. ASC 606 supersedes previous revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605 - Revenue Recognition (“ASC 605”) and includes a cumulative-effect adjustmentfive-step revenue recognition model to retained earningsdepict the transfer of approximately $15.7 million. This adjustment increased deferred tax assets, whichgoods or services to customers in turn increasedan amount that reflects the valuation allowance by the same amount as of the beginning of 2017, resultingconsideration in a net cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of zero.exchange for those goods or services. As a result of adopting ASC 606, the Company did not have a cumulative-effect adjustment in retained earnings. The comparative information for the three months ended March 31, 207 has not been recast and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for that period. Additionally, adoption of ASC 606 did not impact net income attributable to common shareholders and the Company does not expect that it will do so in future periods.
The table below summarizes the impact of adoption for the three months ended March 31, 2018:
   Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
  Under ASC 606 Under ASC 605 Increase % Increase
  (In thousands)  
Revenues        
Crude oil 
$194,919
 
$194,794
 
$125
 0.1%
Natural gas liquids 16,902
 16,096
 806
 5.0%
Natural gas 13,459
 12,887
 572
 4.4%
Total revenues 225,280
 223,777
 1,503
 0.7%
         
Costs and Expenses        
Lease operating 39,273
 37,770
 1,503
 4.0%
         
Income Before Income Taxes 
$27,811
 
$27,811
 
$—
 %
Changes to crude oil, NGL, and natural gas revenues and lease operating expense are due to the conclusion that the Company controls the product throughout processing before transferring to the customer for certain natural gas processing arrangements. Therefore, any transportation, gathering, and processing fees incurred prior to transfer of control are included in lease operating expense.

The Company’s revenues are comprised solely of revenues from customers and include the sale of crude oil, NGLs, and natural gas. The Company believes that the disaggregation of revenue into these three major product types appropriately depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors based on our single geographic location. Crude oil, NGL, and natural gas revenues are recognized at a prospective basis as prescribedpoint in time when production is sold to a purchaser at a fixed or determinable price, delivery has occurred, control has transferred and collectability of the revenue is probable. The transaction price used to recognize revenue is a function of the contract billing terms. Revenue is invoiced by ASU 2016-09, all windfall tax benefitscalendar month based on volumes at contractually based rates with payment typically required within 30 days of the end of the production month. At the end of each month when the performance obligation is satisfied, the variable consideration can be reasonably estimated and tax shortfalls will be recorded as income tax expense or benefitamounts due from customers are accrued in “Accounts receivable, net” in the consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, receivables from contracts with customers were $66.3 million and $85.6 million, respectively. Taxes assessed by governmental authorities on crude oil, NGL, and natural gas sales are presented separately from such revenues in the consolidated statements of operations. As long asincome.
Crude oil sales. Crude oil production is primarily sold at the wellhead at an agreed upon index price, net of pricing differentials. Revenue is recognized when control transfers to the purchaser at the wellhead, net of transportation costs incurred by the purchaser.
Natural gas and NGL sales. Natural gas is delivered to a midstream processing entity at the wellhead or the inlet of the midstream processing entity’s system. The midstream processing entity gathers and processes the natural gas and remits proceeds for the resulting sales of NGLs and residue gas. The Company continues to conclude thatevaluates whether it is the valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assetsprincipal or agent in the transaction and has concluded it is necessary, this portion of ASU 2016-09 will have no significant effectthe principal and the ultimate third party is the customer. Revenue is recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets or consolidated statements of operations. In addition, windfall tax benefits are now required to bea gross basis, with gathering, processing and transportation fees presented in cash flows from“Lease operating activitiesexpense” in the consolidated statements of cash flowsincome as compared to cash flows from financing activities, which the Company has electedmaintains control throughout processing.
Transaction Price Allocated to adopt prospectively. ThereRemaining Performance Obligations. The Company applied the practical expedient in ASC 606 exempting the disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation. Each unit of product typically represents a separate performance obligation, therefore, future volumes are no periods presented that would require reclassificationwholly unsatisfied and disclosure of cash flows had the Company electedtransaction price allocated to adopt this guidance retrospectively. Further, the Company has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur, which resulted in an immaterial cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings.remaining performance obligations is not required.
Recently IssuedAdopted Accounting Pronouncements
Business Combinations. In January 2017, the FASBFinancial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU 2017-01”), which clarifies the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals)divestitures) of assets or businesses. Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2017-01 isusing the prospective method and will apply the clarified definition of a business to be applied on a

prospective basisfuture acquisition and is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company currently plans to adopt the guidance on the effective date of January 1, 2018.divestitures.
Statement of Cash Flows. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”), which is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The guidance addresses eight specific cash flow issues for which current GAAP is either unclear or does not include specific guidance. Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-15 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, provided that it is adopted in its entirety inusing the same period. Companies are required to use a full retrospective approach meaningas prescribed by ASU 2016-15. There were no changes to the standard is applied to all periods presented. The Company does not expect the impact of adopting ASU 2016-15 to have a material effect on its consolidated statementsstatement of cash flows and related disclosures uponas a result of adoption. The Company plans to adopt the guidance on the effective date of January 1, 2018.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Leases. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which significantly changes accounting for leases by requiring that lessees recognize a right-of-use asset and a related lease liability representing the obligation to make lease payments, for virtually all lease transactions. ASU 2016-02 does not apply to leases of mineral rights to explore for or use crude oil and natural gas. Additional disclosures about an entity’s lease transactions will also be required. ASU 2016-02 defines a lease as “a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment (an identified asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration.” ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted. ASU 2016-02 requires companies to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented in the financial statements using a modified retrospective approach.
The Company is currently assessingin the impactprocess of reviewing and determining the contracts to which ASU 2016-02 which includes an analysisapplies with the assistance of existinga third party consultant. These include contracts includingsuch as non-cancelable leases, drilling rig contracts, pipeline gathering, transportation and gas processing agreements, and contracts for the use of vehicles and well equipment. The Company continues to review current accounting policies, controls, processes, and disclosures that will change as a result of adopting ASU 2016-02. Appropriate systems, controls, and processes to support the recognition and disclosure requirements of the new standard are also being evaluated.standard. Based upon its initial assessment, the Company expects the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will result in: (i) an increase in assets and liabilities, (ii) an increaseincreases in depreciation, depletion and amortization and interest expense, (iii) an increasedecreases in interestlease operating and

general and administrative expense and (iv) additional disclosures. The Company plans to adopt the guidance on the effective date of January 1, 2019.
Revenue From Contracts With Customers. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue From Contracts With Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”). Under the new standard, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 using either a full retrospective approach, which is described above, or a modified retrospective approach, meaning the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard is recognized in the most current period presented in the financial statements.
The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2014-09 which includes an analysis of existing contracts and current accounting policies and disclosures to identify potential differences that would result from applying the requirements of the new standard. Appropriate changes to business processes, systems or controls will be implemented to support recognition and disclosure under the new standard. Although its assessment is in progress, the Company currently does not expect the adoption of ASU 2014-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements because existing contractual performance obligations, which determine when and how revenue is recognized, are not materially changed under the new standard; thus, revenue associated with the majority of the Company’s existing contracts will continue to be recognized as control of products is transferred to the customer. The Company plans to adopt the guidance using the modified retrospective method on the effective date of January 1, 2018.

Net Income (Loss)Attributable to Common Shareholders Per Common Share
Supplemental net income (loss)attributable to common shareholders per common share information is provided below:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2018 2017
 (In thousands, except per share amounts) 
(In thousands, except
per share amounts)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Shareholders 
$5,574
 
($101,174) 
$101,901
 
($674,695)
Net Income Attributable to Common Shareholders 
$14,743
 
$40,021
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding 81,053
 58,945
 70,728
 58,705
 81,542
 65,188
Effect of dilutive instruments 85
 
 419
 
 1,036
 590
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding 81,138
 58,945
 71,147
 58,705
 82,578
 65,778
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Shareholders Per Common Share        
Net Income Attributable to Common Shareholders Per Common Share    
Basic 
$0.07
 
($1.72) 
$1.44
 
($11.49) 
$0.18
 
$0.61
Diluted 
$0.07
 
($1.72) 
$1.43
 
($11.49) 
$0.18
 
$0.61
When the Company recognizes a net loss, as was the case for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016, all potentially dilutive shares are anti-dilutive and are consequently excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per common share. The table below presents the weighted average dilutive and anti-dilutive securities outstanding for the periods presented which consisted of unvested restricted stock awards and units, unvested performance shares and exercisable common stock warrants:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2018 2017
 (In thousands) (In thousands)
Dilutive 85
 
 419
 
 1,036
 590
Anti-dilutive 882
 698
 120
 664
 98
 5
3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of Oil and Gas Properties
Acquisitions
ExL Acquisition. On June 28,August 10, 2017, the Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement with ExL Petroleum Management, LLC and ExL Petroleum Operating Inc. (together “ExL”) to acquireclosed on the acquisition of oil and gas properties located in the Delaware Basin in Reeves and Ward Counties, Texas (the “ExL Properties”) from ExL Petroleum Management, LLC and ExL Petroleum Operating Inc. (together “ExL”) for a purchase priceaggregate net proceeds of $648.0$679.8 million subject to customary purchase price adjustments (the “ExL Acquisition”). The transaction had an effective date of May 1, 2017. The Company paid $75.0 million to the seller as a deposit on June 28, 2017 and $601.0 million upon closing on August 10, 2017, which included preliminary purchase price adjustments primarily related to the net cash flows from the acquired wells and capital expenditures from the effective date to the closing date. Upon closing the ExL Acquisition, the Company became the operator of the ExL Properties with an approximate 70% average working interest.
The Company also agreed to pay an additional $50.0 million per year if the average daily closing spot price of a barrel of West Texas Intermediate crude oil as measured by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (the “EIA WTI average price”) is above $50.00prices exceed specific thresholds for anyeach of the years of 2018 2019, 2020 andthrough 2021 with such payments due on January 29, 2019, January 28, 2020, January 28, 2021a cap of $125.0 million as described in “Note 3. Acquisitions and January 28, 2022, respectively. This paymentDivestitures of Oil and Gas Properties” of the Company’s 2017 Annual Report (the “Contingent ExL Payment”Consideration”) will be zero for the respective year if such EIA WTI average price of a barrel of oil is $50.00 or below for any of such years, and the Contingent ExL Payment is capped at $125.0 million in the aggregate.. The Company determined that the Contingent ExL PaymentConsideration is an embedded derivative and has reflected the liability at fair value in both current and non-current “Derivative liabilities” in the consolidated financial statements.balance sheets. The total fair value of the Contingent ExL PaymentConsideration as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and August 10,December 31, 2017 was $60.3$91.5 million and $52.3$85.6 million, respectively. See “Note 10. Derivative Instruments” and “Note 11. Fair Value Measurements” for further details.
The Company fundedcontingent consideration, if paid, will be recognized as a reduction of the ExL Acquisition with net proceeds fromfair value liability in the sale of preferred stock on August 10, 2017, net proceeds from the common stock offering completed on July 3, 2017, and net proceeds from the senior notes offering completed on July 14, 2017. See “Note 8. Preferred Stock” for details regarding the sale of Preferred Stock, “Note 9. Shareholders’ Equity and Stock-Based Compensation” for details regarding the common stock offering and “Note 6. Long-Term Debt” for details regarding the senior notes offering.consolidated balance sheets.
The ExL Acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting wherebyas a business combination, therefore, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated acquisition date fair values based on then currently available information. A combinationinformation as disclosed in “Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of a discounted cash flow modelOil and market data was used by a third-party valuation specialist in

determining the fair valueGas Properties” of the oil and gas properties. Significant inputs into the calculation included future commodity prices, estimated volumes of oil and gas reserves, expectations for timing and amount of future development and operating costs, future plugging and abandonment costs and a risk adjusted discount rate. The fair value of the Contingent ExL Payment was determined by a third-party valuation specialist using a Monte Carlo simulation. Significant inputs into the calculation included future commodity prices, volatility factors for the future commodity prices and a risk adjusted discount rate. See “Note 11. Fair Value Measurements” for further details.
The purchase price allocation for the ExL Acquisition is preliminary and subject to change based on updates to purchase price adjustments primarily related to net cash flows from the acquired wells and capital expenditures from the effective date to the closing date. The Company currently expects to finalize its allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date during the third quarter of 2018. The following presents the purchase price and the preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date.
Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation
(In thousands)
Assets
Other current assets
$106
Oil and gas properties
Proved properties292,551
Unproved properties443,194
Total oil and gas properties
$735,745
Total assets acquired
$735,851
Liabilities
Revenues and royalties payable
$5,036
Asset retirement obligations153
Contingent ExL Payment52,300
Total liabilities assumed
$57,489
Net Assets Acquired
$678,362
Company’s 2017 Annual Report.
Included in the consolidated statements of operationsincome for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 are total revenues of $14.0$43.5 million and net income before income taxesattributable to common shareholders of $11.4$34.8 million from the ExL Acquisition, representing activity of the acquired properties subsequent to the closing of the transaction through September 30, 2017.
Pro Forma Operating Results (Unaudited). The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents a summary of the Company’s consolidated results of operations for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, assuming the ExL Acquisition had been completed as of January 1, 2016, including adjustments to reflect the fair values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The pro forma financial information does not purport to represent what the actual results of operations would have been had the transactions been completed as of the date assumed, nor is this information necessarily indicative of future consolidated results of operations. The Company believes the assumptions used provide a reasonable basis for reflecting the significant pro forma effects directly attributable to the ExL Acquisition.
  Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2017 2016 2017 2016
  (In thousands, except per share amounts)
Total revenues 
$189,499
 
$115,065
 
$534,607
 
$305,074
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Shareholders 
$14,654
 
($106,598) 
$115,053
 
($688,902)
         
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Shareholders Per Common Share        
Basic 
$0.18
 
($1.43) 
$1.63
 
($9.27)
Diluted 
$0.18
 
($1.43) 
$1.62
 
($9.27)
         
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding        
Basic 81,053
 74,545
 70,728
 74,305
Diluted 81,138
 74,545
 71,147
 74,305

Sanchez Acquisition. On December 14, 2016, the Company completed its initial closing of the acquisition of oil and gas properties in the Eagle Ford Shale from Sanchez Energy Corporation and SN Cotulla Assets, LLC, a subsidiary of Sanchez Energy Corporation (the “Sanchez Acquisition”). The transaction had an effective date of June 1, 2016 and was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting whereby the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated acquisition date fair values based on then available information.
At the time of the initial closing, an adjustment to the purchase price of $16.8 million was made for leases that were not conveyed to the Company. On January 9, 2017 and April 13, 2017, the Company paid $7.0 million and $9.8 million, respectively, for these outstanding leases when conveyed to the Company.
The following presents the allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date.
Purchase Price Allocation
(In thousands)
Assets
Other current assets
$477
Oil and gas properties
Proved properties99,938
Unproved properties74,536
Total oil and gas properties
$174,474
Total assets acquired
$174,951
Liabilities
Revenues and royalties payable
$1,442
Other current liabilities323
Asset retirement obligations2,054
Other liabilities1,078
Total liabilities assumed
$4,897
Net Assets Acquired
$170,054
Included in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are total revenues of $9.1 million and $23.2 million, respectively, and income before income taxes of $4.0 million and $7.1 million, respectively, from the Sanchez Acquisition, representing activity of the acquired properties subsequent to the closing of the transaction through September 30, 2017.
Divestitures
Potential Divestiture of Utica Assets.Niobrara.On August 31, 2017,January 19, 2018, the Company entered into a purchase andclosed on its sale agreement to sellof substantially all of its assets in the Utica Shale, located primarily in Guernsey County, Ohio,Niobrara Formation for an agreed upon priceestimated aggregate net proceeds of $62.0 million.$132.3 million, subject to post-closing adjustments. The transaction has an effective date of April 1, 2017 and is expected to close by the end of November 2017. The Company received $6.2 million from the buyerestimated aggregate net proceeds were recognized as a deposit on August 31, 2017.reduction of proved oil and gas properties.
The Company could also receive contingent consideration of $5.0 million per year if the average daily closing spot price of a barrel of West Texas Intermediate crude oil as measured by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (the “EIA WTI average price”) is above $50.00, $53.00, and $56.00prices exceed specific thresholds for each of the years of 2018 2019,through 2020 as described in “Note 3. Acquisitions and 2020, respectively, with such receipts due on January 29, 2019, January 28, 2020,Divestitures of Oil and January 28, 2021, respectivelyGas Properties” of the Company’s 2017 Annual Report (the “Contingent UticaNiobrara Consideration”). The Company determined that the Contingent

Niobrara Consideration is an embedded derivative and has reflected the asset at fair value in current and non-current “Other assets” in the consolidated balance sheets. The total fair value of the Contingent UticaNiobrara Consideration as of March 31, 2018 and January 19, 2018 was $8.3 million and $7.9 million, respectively. See “Note 10. Derivative Instruments” and “Note 11. Fair Value Measurements” for further details. The contingent consideration, if received, will be zero forrecognized as a reduction of the respective year if such EIA WTI average pricefair value asset in the consolidated balance sheets.
Eagle Ford. On January 31, 2018, the Company closed on its sale of a barrelportion of oil is at or below the per barrel amounts listed above for any of such years, and is capped at $15.0 million.
Other Assets. During the first quarter of 2017, the Company sold a small undeveloped acreage positionits assets in the Delaware BasinEagle Ford Shale to EP Energy E&P Company, L.P. for estimated aggregate net proceeds of $15.3 million.$247.1 million, subject to post-closing adjustments. The estimated aggregate net proceeds from this sale were recognized as a reduction of proved oil and gas properties.
Utica. On November 15, 2017, the Company closed on its sale of substantially all of its assets in the Utica Shale for aggregate net proceeds of $63.1 million.
The Company could also receive contingent consideration of $5.0 million per year if crude oil prices exceed specific thresholds for each of the years of 2018 through 2020 as described in “Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of Oil and Gas Properties” of the Company’s 2017 Annual Report (the “Contingent Utica Consideration”). The Company determined that the Contingent Utica Consideration is an embedded derivative and has reflected the asset at fair value in current and non-current “Other assets” in the consolidated balance sheets. The total fair value of the Contingent Utica Consideration as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $9.0 million and $8.0 million, respectively. See “Note 10. Derivative Instruments” and “Note 11. Fair Value Measurements” for further details. The contingent consideration, if received, will be recognized as a reduction of the fair value asset in the consolidated balance sheets.
Marcellus. On November 21, 2017, the Company closed on its sale of substantially all of its assets in the Marcellus Shale for aggregate net proceeds of $73.9 million.
The Company could also receive contingent consideration of $3.0 million per year if natural gas prices exceed specific thresholds for each of the years of 2018 through 2020 with a cap of $7.5 million as described in “Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of Oil and Gas Properties” of the Company’s 2017 Annual Report (the “Contingent Marcellus Consideration”). The Company determined that the Contingent Marcellus Consideration is an embedded derivative and has reflected the asset at fair value in current and non-current “Other assets” in the consolidated balance sheets. The total fair value of the Contingent Marcellus Consideration as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $1.7 million and $2.2 million, respectively. See “Note 10. Derivative Instruments” and “Note 11. Fair Value Measurements” for further details. The contingent consideration, if received, will be recognized as a reduction of the fair value asset in the consolidated balance sheets.

4. Property and Equipment, Net
As of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016,2017, total property and equipment, net consisted of the following:
 September 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
 March 31,
2018
 December 31,
2017
 (In thousands) (In thousands)
Oil and gas properties, full cost method        
Proved properties 
$5,452,201
 
$4,687,416
 
$5,486,064
 
$5,615,153
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization and impairments (3,569,626) (3,392,749) (3,713,137) (3,649,806)
Proved properties, net 1,882,575
 1,294,667
 1,772,927
 1,965,347
Unproved properties, not being amortized        
Unevaluated leasehold and seismic costs 697,370
 211,067
 564,984
 612,589
Capitalized interest 42,835
 29,894
 52,770
 47,698
Total unproved properties, not being amortized 740,205
 240,961
 617,754
 660,287
Other property and equipment 25,344
 23,127
 26,332
 25,625
Accumulated depreciation (14,806) (12,995) (16,028) (15,449)
Other property and equipment, net 10,538
 10,132
 10,304
 10,176
Total property and equipment, net 
$2,633,318
 
$1,545,760
 
$2,400,985
 
$2,635,810
Average depreciation, depletion and amortization (“DD&A”) per Boe of proved properties was $13.04$13.73 and $12.72$12.69 for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and 2016, respectively, and $12.73 and $13.79 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.2017.
The Company capitalized internal costs of employee compensation and benefits, including stock-based compensation, directly associated with acquisition, exploration and development activities totaling $3.3$6.6 million and $2.7$5.4 million for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, respectively, and $10.6 million and $8.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Unproved properties, not being amortized, include unevaluated leasehold and seismic costs associated with specific unevaluated properties and related capitalized interest. The Company capitalized interest costs associated with its unproved properties totaling $8.5$10.4 million and $2.9$3.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and 2016, respectively, and $16.2 million and $13.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Impairment of Proved Oil and Gas Properties
At the end of each quarter, the net book value of oil and gas properties, less related deferred income taxes, are limited to the “cost center ceiling” equal to (i) the sum of (a) the present value of estimated future net revenues from proved oil and gas reserves, less estimated future expenditures to be incurred in developing and producing the proved reserves computed using a discount factor of 10%, (b) the costs of unproved properties not being amortized, and (c) the lower of cost or estimated fair value of unproved properties included in the costs being amortized; less (ii) related income tax effects. Any excess of the net book value of oil and gas properties, less related deferred income taxes, over the cost center ceiling is recognized as an impairment of proved oil and gas properties. An impairment recognized in one period may not be reversed in a subsequent period even if higher commodity prices in the future result in a cost center ceiling in excess of the net book value of oil and gas properties, less related deferred income taxes.
The estimated future net revenues used in the cost center ceiling are calculated using the average realized prices for sales of crude oil, NGLs, and natural gas on the first calendar day of each month during the 12-month period prior to the end of the current period (“12-Month Average Realized Price”), held flat for the life of the production, except where different prices are fixed and determinable from applicable contracts for the remaining term of those contracts. Prices do not include the impact of derivative instruments as the Company elected not to meet the criteria to qualify derivative instruments for hedge accounting treatment.

The Company did not recognize impairments of proved oil and gas properties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Primarily due to declines in the 12-Month Average Realized Prices of crude oil, the Company recognized impairments of proved oil and gas properties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. Details of the 12-Month Average Realized Price of crude oil for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 and the impairments of proved oil and gas properties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 are summarized in the table below: 
   Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2017 2016 2017 2016
Impairment of proved oil and gas properties (in thousands) 
$—
 $105,057 
$—
 $576,540
Crude Oil 12-Month Average Realized Price ($/Bbl) - Beginning of period $46.80 $39.84 $39.60 $47.24
Crude Oil 12-Month Average Realized Price ($/Bbl) - End of period $47.74 $38.36 $47.74 $38.36
Crude Oil 12-Month Average Realized Price percentage increase (decrease) during period 2% (4%) 21% (19%)
5. Income Taxes
The Company’s estimated annual effective income tax rates are used to allocate expected annual income tax expense or benefit to interim periods. The rates are the ratio of estimated annual income tax expense or benefit to estimated annual income or loss before income taxes by taxing jurisdiction, except for discrete items, which are significant, unusual or infrequent items for which income taxes are computed and recorded in the interim period in which the discrete item occurs. The estimated annual effective income tax rates are applied to the year-to-date income or loss before income taxes by taxing jurisdiction to determine the income tax expense or benefit allocated to the interim period. The Company updates its estimated annual effective income tax rates on a quarterly basis considering the geographic mix of income or loss attributable to the tax jurisdictions in which the Company operates.
The Company’s income tax (expense) benefitexpense differs from the income tax (expense) benefitexpense computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory corporate income tax rate of 21% and 35% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, to income (loss) before income taxes as follows:
   Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2017 2016 2017 2016
  (In thousands)
Income (loss) before income taxes 
$7,823
 
($101,487) 
$104,150
 
($674,695)
Income tax (expense) benefit at the statutory rate (2,738) 35,520
 (36,452) 236,143
State income tax (expense) benefit, net of U.S. federal income taxes (247) 575
 (1,974) 3,859
Tax shortfalls from stock-based compensation expense (273) 
 (3,029) 
(Increase) decrease in deferred tax assets valuation allowance 3,253
 (36,696) 41,570
 (240,897)
Other 5
 914
 (115) 895
Income tax benefit 
$—
 
$313
 
$—
 
$—
   Three Months Ended
March 31,
  2018 2017
  (In thousands)
Income before income taxes 
$27,811
 
$40,021
Income tax expense at the statutory rate (5,840) (14,007)
State income tax expense, net of U.S. federal income taxes (319) (710)
Tax shortfalls from stock-based compensation expense (2,526) (2,592)
Decrease in deferred tax assets valuation allowance 8,401
 17,369
Other (35) (60)
Income tax expense 
($319) 
$—
Significant changes in the Company’s operations, including the ExL Acquisition in the Delaware Basin in the third quarter of 2017 and divestitures of substantially all of the Company’s assets in the Utica and Marcellus Shales in the fourth quarter of 2017 and in the Niobrara Formation in the first quarter of 2018, resulted in changes to the Company’s state apportionment for estimated state deferred tax liabilities. As a result of these changes, as well as current period activity, the Company recorded state current and deferred income tax expense of $0.3 million primarily associated with the future Texas deferred tax liabilities.
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Congress enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) which made significant changes to U.S. federal income tax law, including lowering the federal statutory corporate income tax rate to 21% from 35% beginning January 1, 2018. Due to the uncertainty or diversity in views about the application of ASC 740 in the period of enactment of the Act, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 which allowed the Company to provide a provisional estimate of the impacts of the Act in its earnings for the year ended December 31, 2017 and also provided a one-year measurement period in which the Company would record additional impacts from the enactment of the Act as they are identified. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had not made any changes to the provisional estimates in its Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2017 Annual Report. While the Company has made a reasonable estimate of the effects on its existing deferred tax balances, it has not completed its accounting for the tax effects of the enactment of the Act and continues to analyze the effects of the Act in its consolidated financial statements and operations.
Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance
Deferred tax assets are recorded for net operating losses and temporary differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities expected to produce tax deductions in future periods. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those deferred tax assets would be deductible. The Company assesses the realizability of its deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis by considering whether it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company considers all available evidence (both positive and negative) when determining whether a valuation allowance is required. In making this assessment, the Company evaluated possible sources of taxable income that may be available to realize the deferred tax assets, including projected future taxable income, the reversal of existing temporary differences, taxable income in carryback years and available tax planning strategies.
A significant item of objective negative evidence considered was the cumulative historical three year pre-tax loss and a net deferred tax asset position at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, driven primarily by the impairments of proved oil and gas properties recognized beginning

in the third quarter of 2015 and continuing through the third quarter of 2016, which limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence such as the Company’s potential for future growth. Beginning in the third quarter of 2015, and continuing through the thirdfirst quarter of 2017,2018, the Company concluded that it was more likely than not the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As a result, the net deferred tax assets at the end of each quarter, including September 30,March 31, 2018, the Company determined a valuation allowance was required.
For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company reduced the valuation allowance by $8.4 million due to a partial release as a result of current period activity. After the impact of the partial release, the valuation allowance as of March 31, 2018 was $324.6 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, were reduced to zero.
Asas a result of adopting Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09,2016-09”), the Company recognized previously unrecognized windfall tax benefits which resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of approximately $15.7 million. This adjustment increased deferred tax assets,

which in turn increased the valuation allowance by the same amount as of the beginning of 2017, resulting in a net cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of zero and broughtzero. This increase in the valuation allowance to $580.1was more than offset by a partial release of $17.4 million as of January 1, 2017.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily as a result of current activity partial releasesduring the first quarter of $3.3 million and $41.6 million, respectively, from the valuation allowance was recorded to bring the net deferred tax assets to zero. After the impact of the partial release the valuation allowance as of September 30, 2017 was $538.5 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded additional valuation allowances of $36.7 million and $240.9 million, respectively, primarily as a result of the impairments of proved oil and gas properties during these periods.
The Company will continue to evaluate whether the valuation allowance is needed in future reporting periods. The valuation allowance will remain until the Company can conclude that the net deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized. Future events or new evidence which may lead the Company to conclude that it is more likely than not its net deferred tax assets will be realized include, but are not limited to, cumulative historical pre-tax earnings, improvements in crude oil prices, and taxable events that could result from one or more transactions. The valuation allowance does not preclude the Company from utilizing the tax attributes if the Company recognizes taxable income. As long as the Company continues to conclude that the valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets is necessary, the Company will have no significant deferred income tax expense or benefit.2017.
6. Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt consisted of the following as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016:2017:
 September 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
 March 31,
2018
 December 31,
2017
 (In thousands) (In thousands)
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility due 2022 
$215,600
 
$87,000
 
$421,700
 
$291,300
7.50% Senior Notes due 2020 600,000
 600,000
 130,000
 450,000
Unamortized premium for 7.50% Senior Notes 836
 1,020
 153
 579
Unamortized debt issuance costs for 7.50% Senior Notes (6,397) (7,573) (1,206) (4,492)
6.25% Senior Notes due 2023 650,000
 650,000
 650,000
 650,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs for 6.25% Senior Notes (8,527) (9,454) (7,884) (8,208)
8.25% Senior Notes due 2025 250,000
 
 250,000
 250,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs for 8.25% Senior Notes

 (4,498) 
 (4,290) (4,395)
Other long-term debt due 2028 4,425
 4,425
 4,425
 4,425
Long-term debt 
$1,701,439
 
$1,325,418
 
$1,442,898
 
$1,629,209
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility
The Company has a senior secured revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks that, as of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, had a borrowing base of $837.5$830.0 million, with an elected commitment amount of $800.0 million, and $215.6$421.7 million of borrowings outstanding at a weighted average interest rate of 3.45%4.24%. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company had $0.4 million inno letters of credit outstanding, which reduce the amounts available under the revolving credit facility.outstanding. The credit agreement governing the revolving credit facility provides for interest-only payments until May 4, 2022 (subject to a springing maturity date of June 15, 2020 if the 7.50% Senior Notes due 2020 (the “7.50% Senior Notes”) have not been refinanced on or prior to such time), when the credit agreement matures and any outstanding borrowings are due. The borrowing base under the credit agreement is subject to regular redeterminations in the spring and fall of each year, as well as special redeterminations described in the credit agreement, which in each case may reduce the amount of the borrowing base. The amount the Company is able to borrow with respect to the borrowing base is subject to compliance with the financial covenants and other provisions of the credit agreement. The capitalized terms which are not defined in this description of the revolving credit facility, shall have the meaning given to such terms in the credit agreement.
On May 4, 2017, the Company entered intoJanuary 31, 2018, as a ninth amendment to the credit agreement governing the revolving credit facility to, among other things (i) extend the maturity dateresult of the revolving credit facility to May 4, 2022, subject to a springing maturity date of June 15, 2020 if the 7.50% Senior Notes have not been refinanced or redeemed on or prior to such time, (ii) increase the maximum credit amount under the revolving credit facility from $1.0 billion to $2.0 billion, (iii) increase the borrowing base from $600.0 million to $900.0 million, with an elected commitment amount of $800.0 million, until the next redetermination thereof, (iv) replace the Total Secured Debt to EBITDA ratio covenant with a Total Debt to EBITDA ratio covenant that requires such ratio not to exceed 4.00 to 1.00, (v) remove the covenant requiring a minimum EBITDA to Interest Expense ratio, (vi) reduce the commitment fee from 0.50% to 0.375% when utilization of lender commitments is less than 50% of the borrowing base amount, (vii) remove the restriction from borrowing under the credit facility if the Company has or, after giving effect to the borrowing, will have a Consolidated Cash Balance in excess of $50.0 million, (viii) remove the mandatory repayment of borrowings to the extent the Consolidated Cash Balance exceeds $50.0 million if either (a) the Company’s ratio of Total Debt to EBITDA exceeds 3.50 to 1.00 or (b) the availability under the credit facility is equal to or less than 20% of the then effective borrowing base, (ix) permit the

issuance of unlimited Senior Unsecured Debt, subject to certain conditions, including pro forma compliance with the Company’s financial covenants, and (x) increase certain covenant baskets and thresholds.
On June 28, 2017, the Company entered into a tenth amendment to its credit agreement governing the revolving credit facility to, among other things (i) amend the calculation of certain financial covenants to provide that EBITDA will be calculated on an annualized basis as of the end of each of the first three fiscal quarters commencing with the quarter ending September 30, 2017, (ii) amend the restricted payments covenant to, among other things, provide for additional capacity to pay dividends with respect to, and make redemptions of, the Company’s equity interests, including the ability, subject to certain conditions, to pay dividends on or make redemptions of the Preferred Stock using proceeds of certain equity issuances or in an amount equal to the proceeds of certain divestitures, (iii) amend the definition of “Disqualified Capital Stock” to provide, among other things, that the Preferred Stock does not constitute “Disqualified Capital Stock” for purposes of the revolving credit facility, (iv) provide that any of the Contingent ExL Payment does not constitute Debt (as defineddivestiture in the revolving credit facility) for purposes of the revolving credit facility until such time as the amount of such obligation is determined, and (v) amend certain other covenants, in each case as set forth therein. See “Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of Oil and Gas Properties” for further details of the ExL Acquisition.
Upon issuance of the 8.25% Senior Notes (described below), in accordance with the credit agreement governing the revolving credit facility,Eagle Ford Shale discussed above, the Company’s borrowing base under the senior secured revolving credit facility was reduced by 25% of the aggregate principal amount of the 8.25% Senior Notes, reducing the Company’s borrowing base from $900.0 million to $837.5$830.0 million, however, the elected commitment amount remained unchanged at $800.0 million.
On November 3, 2017, the Company entered into an eleventh amendment to its credit agreement governing the revolving credit facility. See “Note 14. Subsequent Events” for further details of the eleventh amendment.twelfth amendment that was entered into in May 2018.
The obligations of the Company under the credit agreement are guaranteed by the Company’s material domestic subsidiaries and are secured by liens on substantially all of the Company’s assets, including a mortgage lien on oil and gas properties having at least 90% of the total value of the oil and gas properties included in the Company’s reserve report used in its most recent redetermination.
Borrowings outstanding under the credit agreement bear interest at the Company’s option at either (i) a base rate for a base rate loan plus the margin set forth in the table below, where the base rate is defined as the greatest of the prime rate, the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and the adjusted LIBO rate plus 1.00%, or (ii) an adjusted LIBO rate for a Eurodollar loan plus the margin set

forth in the table below. The Company also incurs commitment fees at rates as set forth in the table below on the unused portion of lender commitments, which are included in interest“Interest expense, netnet” in the consolidated statements of operations.income.
Ratio of Outstanding Borrowings and Letters of Credit to Lender Commitments 
Applicable Margin for
Base Rate Loans
 
Applicable Margin for
Eurodollar Loans
 Commitment Fee
Less than 25% 1.00% 2.00% 0.375%
Greater than or equal to 25% but less than 50% 1.25% 2.25% 0.375%
Greater than or equal to 50% but less than 75% 1.50% 2.50% 0.500%
Greater than or equal to 75% but less than 90% 1.75% 2.75% 0.500%
Greater than or equal to 90% 2.00% 3.00% 0.500%
The Company is subject to certain covenants under the terms of the credit agreement, which include the maintenance of the following financial covenants determined as of the last day of each quarter: (1) a ratio of Total Debt to EBITDA of not more than 4.00 to 1.00 and (2) a Current Ratio of not less than 1.00 to 1.00. As defined in the credit agreement, Total Debt excludes debt discounts, premiums and debt issuance costs and is net of cash and cash equivalents, EBITDA for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2018 is calculated based on an annualized basis asaverage of the end of each of the firstlast three fiscal quarters, commencing with theand EBITDA for fiscal quarterquarters ending September 30, 2017, and thereafter will be calculated based on the last four fiscal quarter periods,quarters, in each case after giving pro forma effect to EBITDA for material acquisitions and dispositionsdivestitures of oil and gas properties, and the Current Ratio includes an add back of the unused portion of lender commitments. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the ratio of Total Debt to EBITDA was 3.092.60 to 1.00 and the Current Ratio was 2.201.52 to 1.00. Because the financial covenants are determined as of the last day of each quarter, the ratios can fluctuate significantly period to period as the level of borrowings outstanding under the credit agreement are impacted by the timing of cash flows from operations, capital expenditures, acquisitions and divestitures of oil and gas properties and securities offerings.
The credit agreement also places restrictions on the Company and certain of its subsidiaries with respect to additional indebtedness, liens, dividends and other payments to shareholders, repurchases or redemptions of the Company’s common stock, redemptions of senior notes, investments, acquisitions and divestitures of oil and gas properties, mergers, transactions with affiliates, hedging transactions and other matters.
The credit agreement is subject to customary events of default, including in connection with a change in control. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the lenders may elect to accelerate amounts due under the credit agreement (except in the case of a bankruptcy event of default, in which case such amounts will automatically become due and payable).

8.25%Redemptions of 7.50% Senior Notes due 2025
On July 14, 2017,January 19, 2018, the Company closeddelivered a public offeringnotice of $250.0redemption to the trustee for its 7.50% Senior Notes to call for redemption on February 18, 2018, $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.25%the outstanding 7.50% Senior Notes due 2025 (the “8.25% Senior Notes”). The 8.25% Senior Notes mature on July 15, 2025 and have interest payable semi-annually each January 15 and July 15. Before July 15, 2020,Notes. On February 20, 2018, the Company may, at its option, redeem all orpaid an aggregate redemption price of $105.1 million, which included a portionredemption premium of the 8.25% Senior Notes at 100% of the principal amount plus$1.9 million as well as accrued and unpaid interest andof $3.2 million from the last interest payment date up to, but not including, the redemption date. As a make-whole premium. Thereafter,result of the redemption of $100.0 million of the 7.50% Senior Notes, the Company mayrecorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.7 million, which includes the redemption premium paid to redeem all orthe notes and non-cash charges of $0.8 million attributable to the write-off of unamortized premium and debt issuance costs associated with the 7.50% Senior Notes.
On January 31, 2018, the Company delivered a portionnotice of redemption to the trustee for its 7.50% Senior Notes to call for redemption on March 2, 2018, $220.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 8.25%outstanding 7.50% Senior Notes atNotes. On March 2, 2018, the Company paid an aggregate redemption prices decreasing annually from 106.188% to 100%price of the principal amount redeemed plus$231.8 million, which includes a redemption premium of $4.1 million as well as accrued and unpaid interest. The Company usedinterest of $7.7 million from the net proceeds of $245.4 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering costs,last interest payment date up to, fundbut not including, the redemption date. As a portionresult of the purchase price for the ExL Acquisition and for general corporate purposes. See “Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestituresredemption of Oil and Gas Properties” for further details$220.0 million of the ExL Acquisition.
If a Change of Control (as defined in the indentures governing the 8.25%7.50% Senior Notes) occurs,Notes, the Company may be required by holdersrecorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $6.0 million, which includes the redemption premium paid to repurchase the 8.25% Senior Notes for cash at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount purchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest.
The indentures governing the 8.25% Senior Notes contain covenants that, among other things, limit the Company’s ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to: pay distributions on, purchase or redeem the Company’s common stock or other capital stock or redeem the Company’s subordinated debt; make investments; incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue certain types of equity securities; create certain liens; sell assets; consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of the Company’s assets; enter into agreements that restrict distributions or other payments from the Company’s restricted subsidiaries to the Company; engage in transactions with affiliates; and create unrestricted subsidiaries. Such indentures governing the Company’s senior notes are also subject to customary events of default, including those related to failure to comply with the terms of the notes and non-cash charges of $1.9 million attributable to the indenture, certain failures to file reportswrite-off of unamortized premium and debt issuance costs associated with the SEC, certain cross defaults of other indebtedness and mortgages and certain failures to pay final judgments. At September 30, 2017, the 8.25%7.50% Senior Notes are guaranteed by the same subsidiaries that also guarantee the revolving credit facility.Notes.
7. Commitments and Contingencies
From time to time, the Company is party to certain legal actions and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these events cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not currently expect these matters to have a materially adverse effect on the financial position or results of operations of the Company.
The results of operations and financial position of the Company continue to be affected from time to time in varying degrees by domestic and foreign political developments as well as legislation and regulations pertaining to restrictions on oil and gas production, imports and exports, natural gas regulation, tax increases, environmental regulations and cancellation of contract rights. Both the likelihood and overall effect of such occurrences on the Company vary greatly and are not predictable.

8. Preferred Stock and Warrants
On June 28,August 10, 2017, the Company entered into a Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with certain funds managed or sub-advised by GSO Capital Partners LPclosed on the issuance and its affiliates (the “GSO Funds”) to issue and sellsale in a private placement of (i) $250.0 million initial liquidation preference (250,000 shares) of 8.875% redeemable preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Preferred Stock”) and (ii) warrants for 2,750,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, with a term of ten years and an exercise price of $16.08 per share, exercisable only on a net share settlement basis (the “Warrants”), for a cash purchase price equal to $970.00 per share of Preferred Stock. The Company paid theStock, to certain funds managed or sub-advised by GSO Funds $5.0 million as a commitment fee upon signing the Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement. The closing of the private placement occurred on August 10, 2017, contemporaneously with the closing of the ExL Acquisition.Capital Partners LP and its affiliates (the “GSO Funds”). The Company used the net proceeds of approximately $236.4 million, net of issuance costs to fund a portion of the purchase price for the ExL Acquisition and for general corporate purposes. The Company also entered into a registration rights agreement with the GSO Funds at the closing of the private placement, which provided certain registration and other rights for the benefit of the GSO Funds. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company filed a registration statement with the SEC to register the Preferred Stock. See “Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of Oil and Gas Properties” for further details of the ExL Acquisition.
The Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference of $1,000.00 per share and bears an annual cumulative dividend rate of 8.875%, payable on March 15, June 15, September 15 and December 15 of any given year. The Company may elect to pay all or a portion of the Preferred Stock dividends in shares of its common stock in decreasing percentages as follows with respect to any dividend declared by the Company’s Board of Directors and paid in respect of a quarter ending:
Period  Percentage
On or after December 15, 2017 and on or prior to September 15, 2018  100%
On or after December 15, 2018 and on or prior to September 15, 2019  75%
On or after December 15, 2019 and on or prior to September 15, 2020  50%

If the Company fails to satisfy the Preferred Stock dividend on the applicable dividend payment date, then the unpaid dividend will be added to the liquidation preference until paid.
The Preferred Stock outstanding is not mandatorily redeemable, but can be redeemed at the Company’s option and, in certain circumstances, at the option of the holders of the Preferred Stock. On or prior to August 10, 2018, the Company mayhad the right to redeem up to 50,000 shares of Preferred Stock, in cash, at $1,000.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends in an amount not to exceed the sum of the cash proceeds of divestitures of oil and gas properties and related assets, the sale or issuance of the Company’s common stock and the sale of any of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries. On January 19, 2018, the Company provided a notice to be delivered to the holders of its Preferred Stock under which it called for redemption of 50,000 shares of Preferred Stock, representing 20% of the issued and outstanding Preferred Stock, on January 24, 2018. The Company paid $50.5 million on January 24, 2018 upon redemption, which consisted of $1,000.00 per share of Preferred Stock redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid dividends, with a portion of the proceeds from the divestitures of oil and gas properties. See “Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of Oil and Gas Properties” for further details.
As a result of the redemption, the Company recorded a loss on redemption of preferred stock of $7.1 million, which is presented with the Preferred Stock dividends and accretion in the consolidated statements of income. This loss was calculated as the difference between the consideration transferred to the holders of the Preferred Stock, excluding accrued and unpaid dividends, of $50.0 million and 20% of the carrying value of the Preferred Stock on the date of redemption plus any direct costs incurred as a result of the redemption.
In addition, at any time on or prior to August 10, 2020, the Company may redeem all or part of the Preferred Stock in cash at a redemption premium of 104.4375%, plus accrued and unpaid dividends and the present value on the redemption date of all quarterly dividends that would be payable from the redemption date through August 10, 2020. After August 10, 2020, the Company may redeem all or part of the Preferred Stock in cash at redemption premiums, as presented in the table below, plus accrued but unpaid dividends.
Period Percentage
After August 10, 2020 but on or prior to August 10, 2021 104.4375%
After August 10, 2021 but on or prior to August 10, 2022 102.21875%
After August 10, 2022 100%
The holders of the Preferred Stock have the option to cause the Company to redeem the Preferred Stock under the following conditions:
Upon the Company’s failure to pay a quarterly dividend within three months of the applicable payment date;
On or after August 10, 2024, if the Preferred Shares remain outstanding; or
Upon the occurrence of certain changes of controlcontrol.
For the first two conditions described above, the Company has the option to settle any such redemption in cash or shares of its common stock and the holders of the Preferred Stock may elect to revoke or reduce the redemption if the Company elects to settle in shares of common stock.

The Preferred Stock are non-voting shares except as required by the Company’s articles of incorporation or bylaws. However, so long as the GSO Funds beneficially own more than 50% of the Preferred Stock, the consent of the holders of the Preferred Stock will be required prior to issuing stock senior to or on parity with the Preferred Stock, incurring indebtedness subject to a leverage ratio, agreeing to certain restrictions on dividends on, or redemption of, the Preferred Stock and declaring or paying dividends on the Company’s common stock in excess of $15.0 million per year subject to a leverage ratio. Additionally, if the Company does not redeem the Preferred Stock before August 10, 2024, in connection with a change of control or failure to pay a quarterly dividend within three months of the applicable payment date, the holders of the Preferred Stock are entitled to additional rights including:
Increasing the dividend rate to 12.0% per annum until August 10, 2024 and thereafter to the greater of 12.0% per annum and the one-month LIBOR plus 10.0%;
Electing up to two directors to the Company’s Board of Directors; and
Requiring approval by the holders of the Preferred Stock to incur indebtedness subject to a leverage ratio, declaring or paying dividends on the Company’s common stock in excess of $15.0 million per year or issuing equity of the Company’s subsidiaries to third parties.
The Preferred Stock does not qualify as a liability instrument under ASC 480 - Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the Preferred Stock is not mandatorily redeemable. As the Preferred Stock does not qualify as a liability instrument, the Company next evaluated whether the Preferred Stock should be presented in shareholders' equity or temporary equity, between liabilities and shareholders' equity on its consolidated balance sheets. As the number of common shares that could be required to be delivered upon the holders’ optional redemption is indeterminate, the Company cannot assert that it will be able to settle in shares of its common stock. As such, the Preferred Stock must be presented as temporary equity. The Company will reassess presentation of the Preferred Stock on its consolidated balance sheets on a quarterly basis.
The Warrants became exercisable upon issuanceequity and qualify as freestanding financial instruments, but meet the scope exception in ASC 815 - Derivatives and Hedging as they are indexed to the Company’s common stock. The Warrants meet the applicable criteria for equity classification and are reflected in additional paid in capital in the consolidated balance sheets.
Net proceeds were allocated between the Preferred Stock and the Warrants based on their relative fair values at the issuance date, with $213.4 million allocated to the Preferred Stock and $23.0 million allocated to the Warrants. The fair value of the Preferred Stock was calculated by a third-party valuation specialist using a discounted cash flow model. Significant inputs into the calculation of the Preferred Stock included the per share cash purchase price, redemption premiums, and liquidation preference, all as discussed

above, as well as redemption assumptions provided by the Company. The fair value of the Warrants was calculated using a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model, incorporating the following assumptions at the issuance date:
Issuance Date Fair Value Assumptions
Exercise price$16.08
Expected term (in years)10.0
Expected volatility62.9%
Risk-free interest rate2.2%
Dividend yield%
See “Note 11. Fair Value Measurements” for further discussion of the significant inputs used in the Preferred Stock and Warrants fair value calculations.
Preferred Stock Dividends and Accretion
In the third quarter of 2017, the Company declared and paid $2.2 million of dividends, in cash, to the holders of record of the Preferred Stock on September 1, 2017 for the period from issuance through September 15, 2017.
The Preferred Stock will beis subject to accretion from its relative fair value at the issuance date of $213.4 million to athe redemption value of $250.0 million over an approximate seven year term using the effective interest method. The Company reassesses the presentation of the Preferred Stock in its consolidated balance sheets on a quarterly basis.
BothThe table below summarizes Preferred Stock activity for the three months ended March 31, 2018:
March 31, 2018
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Preferred Stock, beginning of period
$214,262
Redemption of preferred stock(42,897)
Accretion of discount on Preferred Stock753
Preferred Stock, end of period
$172,118
Preferred Stock Dividends and Accretion
For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company declared and paid $4.9 million of dividends in cash. On January 24, 2018, the Company paid $0.5 million of dividends to the holders of record of the Preferred Stock which was redeemed, as described above. Additionally, the Company paid $4.4 million of dividends to the holders of record on March 15, 2018.
For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded accretion of the Preferred Stock of $0.8 million, which is presented with the dividends andin the accretion are presented on theconsolidated statements of operations as reductions to net income, or increases to net loss, to compute net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders.income.
9. Shareholders’ Equity and Stock-Based Compensation
Increase in Authorized Common Shares
At the Company’s annual meeting of shareholders on May 16, 2017, shareholders approved the proposal to amend the Company’s Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 90,000,000 to 180,000,000.
Sale of Common Stock
On July 3, 2017, the Company completed a public offering of 15.6 million shares of its common stock at a price per share of $14.28. The Company used the net proceeds of $222.4 million, net of offering costs, to fund a portion of the purchase price of the ExL Acquisition and for general corporate purposes. See “Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of Oil and Gas Properties” for further details of the ExL Acquisition.
Stock-Based Compensation
At the Company’s annual meetingAs of shareholders on May 16, 2017, shareholders approvedMarch 31, 2018, there were 318,109 common shares remaining available for grant under the 2017 Incentive Plan of Carrizo Oil & Gas, Inc. (the “2017 Incentive Plan”), which replaced the Incentive Plan of Carrizo Oil & Gas, Inc., as amended and restated effective May 15, 2014 (the “Prior Incentive Plan”). From the effective date of the 2017 Incentive Plan, no further awards may be granted under the Prior Incentive Plan, however, awards previously granted under the Prior Incentive Plan will remain outstanding in accordance with their terms. The 2017 Incentive Plan provides that up to 2,675,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, plus the shares remaining available for awards under the Prior Incentive Plan, may be issued. 
As of September 30, 2017, there were 1,750,275 common shares remaining available for grant under the 2017 Incentive Plan. The issuance of aEach restricted stock award, restricted stock unit, or performance share granted under the 2017 Incentive Plan counts as 1.35 shares while the issuance of a stock option or stock-settled stock appreciation right granted under the 2017 Incentive Plan counts as 1.00 share against the number of common shares available for grant under the 2017 Incentive Plan. As of September 30, 2017, the Company does not have any outstanding stock options and all outstanding stock appreciation rights will be settled solely in cash.
Restricted Stock Awards and Units. Restricted stock awards can be granted to employees and independent contractors and restricted stock units can be granted to employees, independent contractors, and non-employee directors. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested restricted stock awards and units was $26.3$35.0 million and will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.12.4 years.

The table below summarizes restricted stock award and unit activity for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017:March 31, 2018:
 Restricted Stock Awards and Units 
Weighted Average Grant Date
Fair Value
 Restricted Stock Awards and Units 
Weighted Average Grant Date
Fair Value
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017    
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018    
Unvested restricted stock awards and units, beginning of period 1,111,710
 
$36.93
 1,482,655
 
$28.07
Granted 1,020,465
 
$25.63
 1,347,165
 
$14.68
Vested (629,397) 
$39.58
 (564,912) 
$31.87
Forfeited (12,922) 
$29.11
 (1,078) 
$29.61
Unvested restricted stock awards and units, end of period 1,489,856
 
$28.14
 2,263,830
 
$19.15

During the first quarter of 2017,2018, the Company granted 695,6581,343,412 restricted stock units to employees and independent contractors with a grant date fair value of $18.8$19.7 million as part of its annual grant of long-term equity incentive awards. All of these restricted stock units contain a service condition, and certain of these restricted stock units also contain a performance condition. The performance condition has been met. In addition, the Company granted 44,465 restricted stock units to certain employees and independent contractors with a grant date fair value of $1.2 million in lieu of a portion of their annual incentive bonus otherwise payable to them in cash under the Company’s performance-based annual incentive bonus program.These restricted stock units vested substantially concurrent with the time of grant.
During the second quarter of 2017, the Company granted 206,548 restricted stock awards and units to employees and non-employee directors withwill vest ratably over a grant date fair value of $5.0 million, all of which contain a service condition.three-year period.
Stock Appreciation Rights (“SARs”). SARs can be granted to employees and independent contractors under the Carrizo Oil & Gas, Inc. Cash-Settled Stock Appreciation Rights Plan (“Cash SAR Plan”) orand employees, independent contractors, and non-employee directors under the 2017 Incentive Plan. SARs granted under the Cash SAR Plan may only be settled in cash, while SARs granted under the 2017 Incentive Plan can be settled in shares of common stock or cash, at the option of the Company, whileCompany. Outstanding SARs that have been granted under the Cash SAR2017 Incentive Plan may onlyhave been deemed to be settled in cash. Allcash, therefore, all outstanding SARs will be settled solely in cash. The grant date fair value of SARs is calculated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. The liability for SARs as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 was $2.3$2.9 million, all of which $0.1 million was classified as “Other current liabilities,” with the remaining $2.8 million classified as “Other liabilities” in the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2016,2017, the liability for SARs was $11.5$4.4 million, all of which $10.0 million was classified as “Other current liabilities,” with the remaining $1.5 million classified as “Other liabilities” in the consolidated balance sheets. Unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested SARs was $1.3$5.8 million as of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, and will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.32.8 years.
The table below summarizes the activity for SARs for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017:March 31, 2018:
 Stock Appreciation Rights 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Prices
 
Weighted Average Remaining Life
(In years)
 
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
(In millions)
 
Aggregate Intrinsic Value of Exercises
(In millions)
 Stock Appreciation Rights 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Prices
 
Weighted Average Remaining Life
(In years)
 
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
(In millions)
 
Aggregate Intrinsic Value of Exercises
(In millions)
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017        
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018        
Outstanding, beginning of period 722,638
 
$23.69
     714,238
 
$27.12
 
    
Granted 342,440
 
$26.94
     616,686
 
$14.67
 
    
Exercised (219,279) 
$17.28
   
$2.1
 
 
$—
   
$—
Forfeited 
 
$—
     
 
$—
    
Expired (131,561) 
$24.19
     
 
$—
    
Outstanding, end of period 714,238
 
$27.12
 4.0 
$—
   1,330,924
 
$21.35
 5.1 
$0.7
  
Vested, end of period 185,899
 
$27.30
     543,018
 
$27.18
    
Vested and exercisable, end of period 
 
$27.30
 3.5 
$—
   
 
$27.18
 3.3 
$—
  
During the first quarter of 2017,2018, the Company granted 342,440616,686 SARs under the Cash SAR2017 Incentive Plan with a grant date fair value of $12.00 per SAR, or $4.1$4.9 million to certain employees and independent contractors as part of its annual grant of long-term equity incentive awards. All of theseThese SARs containwill vest ratably over a service conditionthree-year period and performance condition. The performance condition has been met.

expire approximately seven years from the grant date.
The following table summarizes the assumptions used to calculate the grant date fair value of SARs granted during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017:March 31, 2018:
  Grant Date Fair Value Assumptions
Expected term (in years) 4.246.0
Expected volatility 54.3%
Risk-free interest rate 1.82.8%
Dividend yield %
Performance Shares. The Company can grant performance shares to employees, and independent contractors, and non-employee directors, where each performance share represents the right to receive one share of common stock. The number of performance shares that will vest is based on ranges from zero to 200% of the target performance shares granted based on the total shareholder return (“TSR”) of the Company’s common stock relative to the TSR achieved by a specified industry peer group over an approximate three yearthree-year performance period, the last day of which is also the vesting date. The grant date fair value of the performance awards is calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested performance shares was $2.7$3.3 million and will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.82.4 years.

The table below summarizes performance share activity for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017:March 31, 2018:
 
Target Performance Shares (1)
 
Weighted Average Grant Date
Fair Value
 
Target Performance Shares (1)
 
Weighted Average Grant Date
Fair Value
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017    
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018    
Unvested performance shares, beginning of period 154,510
 
$58.44
 144,955
 
$47.14
Granted 46,787
 
$35.14
 93,771
 
$19.09
Vested (56,342) 
$68.15
 (49,458) 
$65.51
Forfeited 
 
$—
 (7,059) 
$65.51
Unvested performance shares, end of period 144,955
 
$47.14
 182,209
 
$27.01
 
(1)
The number of shares of common stock issued upon vesting may vary from the number of target performance shares depending on the Companys final TSR ranking for the approximate three yearthree-year performance period.
During the first quarter of 2017,2018, the Company granted 46,78793,771 target performance shares to certain employees and independent contractors with a grant date fair value of $35.14 per performance share, or $1.6$1.8 million as part of its annual grant of long-term equity incentive awards. In addition toAlso during the market condition described above, the performance shares also contain a service condition and performance condition. The performance condition has been met. In addition,first quarter of 2018, the Company issued 92,20049,458 shares of common stock for 56,34256,517 target performance shares that vested during the first quarter of 20172018 with a multiplier of 164%88% based on the Company’s final TSR ranking during the performance period.
The following table summarizes the assumptions used to calculate the grant date fair value of the performance shares granted during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017:March 31, 2018:
  Grant Date Fair Value Assumptions
Number of simulations 500,000
Expected term (in years) 2.983.00
Expected volatility 59.261.5%
Risk-free interest rate 1.52.4%
Dividend yield %

Stock-Based Compensation Expense, Net. Stock-based compensation expense associated with restricted stock awards and units, stock appreciation rights to be settled in cashSARs and performance shares is reflected as general“General and administrative expense, net” in the consolidated statements of operations, net of amounts capitalized to oil and gas properties.income.
The Company recognized the following stock-based compensation expense, net for the periods indicated:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2018 2017
 (In thousands) (In thousands)
Restricted stock awards and units 
$5,311
 
$5,487
 
$16,184
 
$23,079
 
$5,084
 
$5,849
Stock appreciation rights 429
 3,361
 (7,040) 9,581
SARs (1,415) (3,686)
Performance shares 581
 722
 1,861
 2,052
 557
 706
 6,321
 9,570
 11,005
 34,712
 4,226
 2,869
Less: amounts capitalized to oil and gas properties (1,455) (1,150) (2,543) (3,878) (708) (855)
Total stock-based compensation expense, net 
$4,866
 
$8,420
 
$8,462
 
$30,834
 
$3,518
 
$2,014
10. Derivative Instruments
Commodity Derivative Instruments
The Company uses commodity derivative instruments to reduce its exposure to commodity price volatility for a portion of its forecasted crude oil, NGL, and natural gas production and thereby achieve a more predictable level of cash flows to support the Company’s drilling, completion, and completioninfrastructure capital expenditure program. The Company does not enter into derivative instruments for speculative or trading purposes. The Company’s commodity derivative instruments consist of fixed price swaps, basis swaps, three-way collars and purchased and sold call options, which are described below.
Fixed Price Swaps: The Company receives a fixed price and pays a variable market price to the counterparties over specified periods for contracted volumes.
Basis Swaps: The Company receives a variable NYMEX settlement price, plus or minus a fixed differential price, and pays a variable Argus published index price to the counterparties over specified periods for contracted volumes.

Three-Way Collars: A three-way collar is a combination of options including a purchased put option (fixed floor price), a sold call option (fixed ceiling price) and a sold put option (fixed sub-floor price). These contracts offer a higher fixed ceiling price relative to a costless collar but limit the Company’s protection from decreases in commodity prices below the fixed floor price. At settlement, if the market price is between the fixed floor price and the fixed sub-floor price or is above the fixed ceiling price, the Company receives the fixed floor price or pays the market price, respectively. If the market price is below the fixed sub-floor price, the Company receives the market price plus the difference between the fixed floor price and the fixed sub-floor price. If the market price is between the fixed floor price and fixed ceiling price, no payments are due from either party. The Company has incurred premiums on certain of these contracts in order to obtain a higher floor price and/or ceiling price.
Sold Call Options: These contracts give the counterparties the right, but not the obligation, to buy contracted volumes from the Company over specified periods and prices in the future. At settlement, if the market price exceeds the fixed price of the call option, the Company pays the counterparty the excess. If the market price settles below the fixed price of the call option, no payment is due from either party. These contracts require the counterparties to pay premiums to the Company that represent the fair value of the call option as of the date of purchase.
Purchased Call Options: These contracts give the Company the right, but not the obligation, to buy contracted volumes from the counterparties over specified periods and prices in the future. At settlement, if the market price exceeds the fixed price of the call option, the counterparties pay the Company the excess. If the market price settles below the fixed price of the call option, no payment is due from either party. These contracts require the Company to pay premiums to the counterparties that represent the fair value of the call option as of the date of purchase.
All of the Company’s purchased call options were executed contemporaneously with sales of call options to increase the fixed price on a portion of the existing sold call options and therefore are presented on a net basis in the “Net Sold Call Options” table below.
Premiums: In order to increase the fixed price on a portion of the Company'sCompany’s existing sold call options, as mentioned above, the Company incurred premiums on its purchased call options. Additionally, the Company has incurred premiums on certain of its three-way collars in order to obtain a higher floor price and/or ceiling price. The payment of premiums associated with the Company’s purchased call options and certain of the three-way collars are deferred until the applicable contracts settle on a monthly

basis. When the Company has entered into three-way collars which span multiple years, the Company has elected to defer payment of certain of the premiums until the final year'syear’s contracts settle on a monthly basis.
The following tables settable sets forth a summary of the Company’s outstanding crude oil derivative positions at weighted average contract prices as of September 30, 2017:
Crude Oil Fixed Price SwapsMarch 31, 2018:
Period Volumes (in Bbls/d) NYMEX Price ($/Bbl)
Q4 2017 15,000
 
$53.44
FY 2018 6,000
 
$49.55
Crude Oil Basis Swaps
Period Type of Contract Index 
Volumes
(Bbls/d)
 
Fixed Price
($/Bbl)
 
Sub-Floor Price
($/Bbl)
 
Floor Price
($/Bbl)
 
Ceiling Price
($/Bbl)
2018              
Q2 - Q4 2018 Fixed Price Swaps NYMEX WTI 6,000
 
$49.55
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
Q2 - Q4 2018 Basis Swaps 
(1) 
 6,000
 2.91
 
 
 
Q2 - Q4 2018 Basis Swaps 
(2) 
 6,000
 (0.10) 
 
 
Q2 - Q4 2018 Three-Way Collars NYMEX WTI 24,000
 
 39.38
 49.06
 60.14
Q2 - Q4 2018 Net Sold Call Options NYMEX WTI 3,388
 
 
 
 71.33
2019              
Q1 - Q2 2019 Basis Swaps 
(2) 
 500
 (2.99) 
 
 
Q1 - Q4 2019 Three-Way Collars NYMEX WTI 12,000
 
 40.00
 48.40
 60.29
Q1 - Q4 2019 Net Sold Call Options NYMEX WTI 3,875
 
 
 
 73.66
2020              
Q1 - Q4 2020 Net Sold Call Options NYMEX WTI 4,575
 
 
 
 75.98
Period Volumes (in Bbls/d) LLS-NYMEX Price Differential ($/Bbl)
December 2017 15,000
 
$4.13
FY 2018 6,000
 
$2.91
(1)The Company has entered into crude oil basis swaps in order to fix the differential between LLS-Cushing. The weighted average price differential represents the amount of premium to Cushing for the volumes presented in the table above.
(2)The Company has entered into crude oil basis swaps in order to fix the differential between Midland-Cushing. The weighted average price differential represents the amount of reduction to Cushing for the volumes presented in the table above.

Crude Oil Three-Way CollarsThe following table sets forth a summary of the Company’s outstanding NGL derivative positions at weighted average contract prices as of March 31, 2018:
    NYMEX Prices
Period 
Volumes
(in Bbls/d)
 
Sub-Floor Price
($/Bbl)
 
Floor Price
($/Bbl)
 
Ceiling Price
($/Bbl)
FY 2018 18,000
 
$39.17
 
$49.08
 
$60.48
FY 2019 6,000
 
$40.00
 
$47.80
 
$61.45
Period Type of Contract Index 
Volumes
(Bbls/d)
 
Fixed
Price
($/Bbl)
2018        
Q2 - Q4 2018 Fixed Price Swaps Ethane - OPIS Mont Belvieu Non-TET 2,200
 
$12.01
Q2 - Q4 2018 Fixed Price Swaps Propane - OPIS Mont Belvieu Non-TET 1,500
 34.23
Q2 - Q4 2018 Fixed Price Swaps Butane - OPIS Mont Belvieu Non-TET 200
 38.85
Q2 - Q4 2018 Fixed Price Swaps Isobutane - OPIS Mont Belvieu Non-TET 600
 38.98
Q2 - Q4 2018 Fixed Price Swaps Natural Gasoline - OPIS Mont Belvieu Non-TET 600
 55.23
Crude Oil Net Sold Call OptionsThe following table sets forth a summary of the Company’s outstanding natural gas derivative positions at weighted average contract prices as of March 31, 2018:
Period Volumes (in Bbls/d) NYMEX Ceiling Price ($/Bbl)
FY 2018 3,388
 
$71.33
FY 2019 3,875
 
$73.66
FY 2020 4,575
 
$75.98
Natural Gas Fixed Price Swaps
Period Volumes (in MMBtu/d) NYMEX Price ($/MMBtu)
Q4 2017 20,000
 
$3.30
Natural Gas Sold Call Options
Period Volumes (in MMBtu/d) NYMEX Ceiling Price ($/MMBtu)
Q4 2017 33,000
 
$3.00
FY 2018 33,000
 
$3.25
FY 2019 33,000
 
$3.25
FY 2020 33,000
 
$3.50
Period Type of Contract Index 
Volumes
(MMBtu/d)
 
Fixed
Price
($/Bbl)
 
Ceiling
Price
($/Bbl)
2018          
Q2 - Q4 2018 Fixed Price Swaps NYMEX HH 25,000
 
$3.01
 
$—
Q2 - Q4 2018 Sold Call Options NYMEX HH 33,000
 
 3.25
2019          
Q1 - Q4 2019 Sold Call Options NYMEX HH 33,000
 
 3.25
2020          
Q1 - Q4 2020 Sold Call Options NYMEX HH 33,000
 
 3.50
The Company typically has numerous hedge positions that span several time periods and often result in both fair value derivative asset and liability positions held with that counterparty. The Company nets its derivative instrument fair values executed with the same counterparty, along with deferred premium obligations, to a single asset or liability pursuant to ISDA master agreements, which provide for net settlement over the term of the contract and in the event of default or termination of the contract.
Counterparties to the Company’s derivative instruments who are also lenders under the Company’s credit agreement allow the Company to satisfy any need for margin obligations associated with derivative instruments where the Company is in a net liability position with its counterparties with the collateral securing the credit agreement, thus eliminating the need for independent collateral posting. Counterparties who are not lenders under the Company’s credit agreement can require derivative contracts to be novated to a lender if the net liability position exceeds the Company’s unsecured credit limit with that counterparty and therefore do not require the posting of cash collateral.
Because the counterparties have investment grade credit ratings, or the Company has obtained guarantees from the applicable counterparty’s investment grade parent company, the Company believes it does not have significant credit risk and accordingly does not currently require its counterparties to post collateral to support the net asset positions of its derivative instruments. Although the Company does not currently anticipate nonperformance from its counterparties, it continually monitors the credit ratings of its counterparties and its counterparty’s parent company, as applicable.

Contingent Consideration
The Company has entered into agreements containing contingent consideration that are, or will be, required to be bifurcated and accounted for separately as derivative instruments. The Company records the contingent consideration on its consolidated balance sheets measured at fair value with gains and losses as a result of changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration recognized as (gain) loss on derivatives, net in the consolidated statements of operations in the period in which the changes occur. The cash flows resulting from payments due from the Company for settlement of contingent consideration, which will occur in January 2019 at the earliest, are classified as cash flows from financing activities for the portion of the payment up to the acquisition date fair value with any amounts paid in excess classified as cash flows from operating activities.
As part of the ExL Acquisition in 2017, the Company agreed to the Contingent ExL PaymentConsideration that will require payment of $50.0 million per year for each of the years of 2018 through 2021, with a cap of $125.0 million, if the EIA WTI average price is greater than $50.00 per barrel for the respective year. The Company determined thatAs of March 31, 2018, the estimated fair value of the Contingent ExL PaymentConsideration was not clearly and closely related$91.5 million.
As part of the divestiture of the Company’s Utica assets in 2017, the Company agreed to the purchaseContingent Utica Consideration in which the Company will receive $5.0 million per year for each of the years of 2018 through 2020, if the EIA WTI average price is greater than $50.00, $53.00, and sale agreement$56.00 for the ExL Properties,years of 2018, 2019, and therefore bifurcated this embedded feature2020, respectively. As of March 31, 2018, the estimated fair value of the Contingent Utica Consideration was $9.0 million.
As part of the divestiture of the Company’s Marcellus assets in 2017, the Company agreed to the Contingent Marcellus Consideration in which the Company will receive $3.0 million per year for each of the years of 2018 through 2020, with a cap of $7.5 million, if the CME HH average price is greater than $3.13, $3.18, and $3.30 for the years of 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively. As of March 31, 2018, the estimated fair value of the Contingent Marcellus Consideration was $1.7 million.

As part of the divestiture of the Company’s Niobrara assets in the first quarter of 2018, the Company agreed to the Contingent Niobrara Consideration in which the Company will receive $5.0 million per year for each of the years of 2018 through 2020, if the EIA WTI average price is above $55.00 for the years of 2018 and 2019 and above $60.00 for 2020. The Company recorded this derivativethe Contingent Niobrara Consideration at its acquisitiondivestiture date fair value of $52.3$7.9 million in the consolidated financial statements. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the estimated fair value of the Contingent ExL PaymentNiobrara Consideration was $60.3 million and was classified as non-current “Derivative liabilities”$8.3 million.
The following tables summarize the combined contingent consideration recorded in the consolidated balance sheets.financial statements:
  Consolidated Balance Sheets
  March 31, 2018
  Other Assets -
Current
 Other Assets -
Non-Current
 
Derivative Liabilities -
Current
 Derivative Liabilities -
Non-Current
  (In thousands)
Contingent ExL Consideration 
$—
 
$—
 
($47,260) 
($44,195)
Contingent Utica Consideration 4,685
 4,320
 
 
Contingent Marcellus Consideration 360
 1,375
 
 
Contingent Niobrara Consideration 4,415
 3,850
 
 
Contingent consideration 
$9,460
 
$9,545
 
($47,260) 
($44,195)
  Consolidated Balance Sheets
  December 31, 2017
  
Other Assets -
Current
 
Other Assets -
Non-Current
 
Derivative Liabilities -
Current
 
Derivative Liabilities -
Non-Current
  (In thousands)
Contingent ExL Consideration 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
($85,625)
Contingent Utica Consideration 
 7,985
 
 
Contingent Marcellus Consideration 
 2,205
 
 
Contingent Niobrara Consideration 
 
 
 
Contingent consideration 
$—
 
$10,190
 
$—
 
($85,625)
Consolidated Statements of Income
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(Gain) Loss on Derivatives, Net
(In thousands)
Contingent ExL Consideration
$5,830
Contingent Utica Consideration(1,020)
Contingent Marcellus Consideration470
Contingent Niobrara Consideration(385)
Contingent consideration
$4,895


Derivative Assets and Liabilities
All derivative instruments are recorded onin the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as either an asset or liability measured at fair value. The deferred premium obligations associated with the Company’s commodity derivative instruments are recorded in the period in which they are incurred and are netted with the commodity derivative instrument fair value asset or liability pursuant to the netting arrangements described above. The combined derivative instrument fair value assets and liabilities, including deferred premium obligations, recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 20162017 are summarized below:
 September 30, 2017 March 31, 2018
 Gross Amounts Recognized Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Gross Amounts Recognized Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 (In thousands) (In thousands)
Commodity derivative instruments 
$11,571
 
($8,757) 
$2,814
 
$15,494
 
($15,027) 
$467
Deferred premium obligations 
 (879) (879) 
 
 
Contingent consideration 9,460
 
 9,460
Other current assets 
$11,571
 
($9,636) 
$1,935
 
$24,954
 
($15,027) 
$9,927
Commodity derivative instruments 10,415
 (9,867) 548
 9,855
 (9,830) 25
Deferred premium obligations 
 (423) (423) 
 
 
Contingent consideration 9,545
 
 9,545
Other assets-non current 
$10,415
 
($10,290) 
$125
 
$19,400
 
($9,830) 
$9,570
            
Commodity derivative instruments 
($9,143) 
$8,757
 
($386) 
($73,280) 
$15,027
 
($58,253)
Deferred premium obligations (7,271) 879
 (6,392) (9,746) 
 (9,746)
Contingent consideration (47,260) 
 (47,260)
Derivative liabilities-current 
($16,414) 
$9,636
 
($6,778) 
($130,286) 
$15,027
 
($115,259)
Commodity derivative instruments (13,711) 9,867
 (3,844) (27,019) 9,830
 (17,189)
Deferred premium obligations (13,463) 423
 (13,040) (9,468) 
 (9,468)
Contingent ExL Payment (60,300) 
 (60,300)
Contingent consideration (44,195) 
 (44,195)
Derivative liabilities-non current 
($87,474) 
$10,290
 
($77,184) 
($80,682) 
$9,830
 
($70,852)
 December 31, 2016 December 31, 2017
 Gross Amounts Recognized Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Gross Amounts Recognized Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 (In thousands) (In thousands)
Commodity derivative instruments 
$7,990
 
($6,753) 
$1,237
 
$4,869
 
($4,869) 
$—
Deferred premium obligations 
 
 
 
 
 
Other current assets 
$7,990
 
($6,753) 
$1,237
 
$4,869
 
($4,869) 
$—
Commodity derivative instruments 3,882
 (3,882) 
 9,505
 (9,505) 
Deferred premium obligations 
 
 
 
 
 
Contingent consideration 10,190
 
 10,190
Other assets-non current 
$3,882
 
($3,882) 
$—
 
$19,695
 
($9,505) 
$10,190
            
Commodity derivative instruments 
($27,346) 
$6,753
 
($20,593) 
($52,671) 
$4,869
 
($47,802)
Deferred premium obligations (2,008) 
 (2,008) (9,319) 
 (9,319)
Derivative liabilities-current 
($29,354) 
$6,753
 
($22,601) 
($61,990) 
$4,869
 
($57,121)
Commodity derivative instruments (28,841) 3,882
 (24,959) (24,609) 9,505
 (15,104)
Deferred premium obligations (2,569) 
 (2,569) (11,603) 
 (11,603)
Contingent ExL Payment 
 
 
Contingent consideration (85,625) 
 (85,625)
Derivative liabilities-non current 
($31,410) 
$3,882
 
($27,528) 
($121,837) 
$9,505
 
($112,332)
See “Note 11. Fair Value Measurements” for additional details regarding the fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments.

(Gain) Loss on Derivatives, Net
The Company has elected not to meet the criteria to qualify its commodity derivative instruments for hedge accounting treatment. Therefore, all gains and losses as a result of changes in the fair value of the Company’s commodity derivative instruments and contingent consideration are recognized as (gain)“(Gain) loss on derivatives, netnet” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operationsincome in the period in which the changes occur. All deferred premium obligations associated with the Company’s commodity derivative instruments are recognized in (gain)“(Gain) loss on derivatives, netnet” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operationsincome in the period in which the deferred premium obligations are incurred. The effect of derivative instruments and deferred premium obligations onin the Company’s consolidated statements of operationsincome for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 is summarized below:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2018 2017
 (In thousands) (In thousands)
(Gain) Loss on Derivatives, Net            
Crude oil 
$8,409
 
($8,309) 
($39,754) 
$12,006
 
$29,511
 
($18,480)
Natural gas liquids (1,765) 
Natural gas (2,183) (3,490) (12,902) 12,167
 (3,045) (6,836)
Deferred premium obligations incurred 10,151
 55
 17,652
 5,765
Contingent ExL Payment 8,000
 
 8,000
 
Contingent consideration 4,895
 
Total (Gain) Loss on Derivatives, Net 
$24,377
 
($11,744) 
($27,004) 
$29,938
 
$29,596
 
($25,316)
Cash Received (Paid) for Derivative Settlements, Net
Cash flows are impacted to the extent that settlements under these contracts, including deferred premium obligations paid, result in payments to or receipts from the counterparty during the period and are presented as cash“Cash received (paid) for derivative settlements, netnet” in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows. Cash payments made to settle contingent consideration liabilities are classified as cash flows from financing activities up to the acquisition date fair value with any excess classified as cash flows from operating activities. The effect of commodity derivative instruments and deferred premium obligations onin the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 areis summarized below:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2018 2017
 (In thousands) (In thousands)
Cash Received (Paid) for Derivative Settlements, Net            
Crude oil 
$6,500
 
$23,165
 
$9,941
 
$104,549
 
($12,123) 
$3,031
Natural gas liquids (432) 
Natural gas 522
 
 (731) 
 52
 (1,149)
Deferred premium obligations paid (566) (2,808) (1,496) (5,729) (1,862) (363)
Total Cash Received (Paid) for Derivative Settlements, Net 
$6,456
 
$20,357
 
$7,714
 
$98,820
 
($14,365) 
$1,519
11. Fair Value Measurements
Accounting guidelines for measuring fair value establish a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy categorizes assets and liabilities measured at fair value into one of three different levels depending on the observability of the inputs employed in the measurement. The three levels are defined as follows:
Level 1 – Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
Level 2 – Other inputs that are observable directly or indirectly such as quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and which the Company makes its own assumptions about how market participants would price the assets and liabilities.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following tables summarize the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016:2017:
 September 30, 2017 March 31, 2018
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
 (In thousands) (In thousands)
Derivative instrument assets 
$—
 
$3,362
 
$—
 
$—
 
$492
 
$19,005
Derivative instrument liabilities 
$—
 
($4,230) 
($60,300) 
$—
 
($75,442) 
($91,455)
December 31, 2016
Level 1Level 2Level 3
(In thousands)
Derivative instrument assets
$—

$1,237

$—
Derivative instrument liabilities
$—

($45,552)
$—
  December 31, 2017
  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
  (In thousands)
Derivative instrument assets 
$—
 
$—
 
$10,190
Derivative instrument liabilities 
$—
 
($62,906) 
($85,625)
The derivative asset and liability fair values reported in the consolidated balance sheets are as of the balance sheet date and subsequently change as a result of changes in commodity prices, market conditions and other factors.
Commodity derivative instruments. The Company uses Level 2 inputs to measure the fair value of the Company’s commodity derivative instruments is based on a third-party industry-standard pricing model usingwhich uses contract terms and prices and assumptions and inputs that are substantially observable in active markets throughout the full term of the instruments including forward oil and gas price curves, discount rates and volatility factors.factors, and are therefore designated as Level 2 within the valuation hierarchy. The fair values are also compared to the values provided by the counterparties for reasonableness and are adjusted for the counterparties’ credit quality for derivative assets and the Company’s credit quality for derivative liabilities.
The Company typically has numerous hedge positions that span several time periods and often result in both fair value derivative asset and liability positions held with that counterparty. Deferred premium obligations are netted with the fair value derivative asset and liability positions, which are all offset to a single asset or liability, at the end of each reporting period. The Company nets the fair values of its derivative assets and liabilities associated with commodity derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty, along with deferred premium obligations, pursuant to ISDA master agreements, which provide for net settlement over the term of the contract and in the event of default or termination of the contract. The Company had no transfers into Level 1 and no transfers into or out of Level 2 for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and 2016.2017.
Contingent consideration. The Company determined thatfair values of the Contingent ExL Payment associated withConsideration, the ExL Acquisition is an embedded derivativeContingent Utica Consideration, the Contingent Marcellus Consideration and is not clearly and closely related to the purchase and sale agreement for the ExL Properties. As a result, the Company bifurcated this embedded feature and reflected the liability at fair value in the consolidated financial statements. The fair value wasContingent Niobrara Consideration were determined by a third-party valuation specialist using a Monte Carlo simulationsimulations including significant inputs such as future commodity prices, volatility factors for the future commodity prices and a risk adjusted discount rate. As some of these assumptions are not observable throughout the full term of the contingent consideration, the contingent consideration was designated as Level 3 within the valuation hierarchy. The Company reviewed the valuation,valuations, including the related inputs, and analyzed changes in fair value measurements between periods.

The following tables present reconciliations of changes in the fair valuevalues of the Contingent ExL Paymentfinancial assets and liabilities related to the Company’s contingent consideration, which were designated as of September 30, 2017 and August 10, 2017 was a liability of $60.3 million and $52.3 million, respectively. As a result, the Company recorded a loss on the change in fair value of $8.0 million, which was classified as “(Gain) loss on derivatives, net” in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company had no transfers into or out of Level 3 within the valuation hierarchy, for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. March 31, 2018:
 Three Months Ended
 March 31,
2018
(In thousands)
Fair value assets, beginning of period
$10,190
Recognition of divestiture date fair value7,880
Gain (loss) on changes in fair value(1)
935
Transfers into (out of) Level 3
Fair value assets, end of period
$19,005
 Three Months Ended
 March 31,
2018
(In thousands)
Fair value liability, beginning of period
($85,625)
Gain (loss) on changes in fair value(1)
(5,830)
Transfers into (out of) Level 3
Fair value liability, end of period
($91,455)
(1)Included in “(Gain) loss on derivatives, net” in the consolidated statements of income.
See “Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of Oil and Gas Properties” and “Note 10. Derivative Instruments” for further details ofregarding the contingent consideration.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
The fair value measurements of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, other than contingent consideration which is discussed above,asset retirement obligations are measured onas of the date a nonrecurring basis on the acquisition date by a third-party valuation specialistwell is drilled or when production equipment and facilities are installed using a discounted cash flow model based on inputs that are not observable in the market and therefore represent Level 3 inputs. Significant inputs to the valuation of acquired oil and gas properties include estimates of estimated volumes of oil and gas reserves, production rates, future commodity prices, timing of development, future operating and development costs and a risk adjusted discount rate. See “Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of Oil and Gas Properties” for further details of the assets acquired and liabilities assumedare designated as of the acquisition dates for the ExL Acquisition and Sanchez Acquisition.
The fair value measurements of asset retirement obligations are measured on a nonrecurring basis when a well is drilled or acquired or when production equipment and facilities are installed or acquired using a discounted cash flow model based on inputs that are

not observable in the market and therefore represent Level 3 inputs. Significant inputs to the fair value measurement of asset retirement obligations include estimates of the costs of plugging and abandoning oil and gas wells, removing production equipment and facilities and restoring the surface of the land as well as estimates of the economic lives of the oil and gas wells and future inflation rates.
The fair value measurements of the Preferred Stock are measured on a nonrecurring basis on the issuance date by a third-party valuation specialist using a discounted cash flow model based on inputs that are not observable in the market and therefore represent Level 3 inputs. Significant inputs to the valuation of the Preferred Stock include the per share cash purchase price, redemption premiums, liquidation preference, and redemption assumptions provided by the Company.
See “Note 8. Preferred Stock and Warrants” for details regarding the allocation of the net proceeds based on the relative fair values of the Preferred Stock and Warrants.
Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments
The Company’s other financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, payables, and long-term debt, which are classifieddesignated as Level 1 under the fair value hierarchy. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and payables approximate fair value due to the highly liquid or short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying amount of long-term debt associated with borrowings outstanding under the Company’s revolving credit facility approximates fair value as borrowings bear interest at variable rates. The following table presents the carrying amounts of the Company’s senior notes and other long-term debt, net of unamortized premiums and debt issuance costs, with the fair values measured using Level 1 inputs based on quoted secondary market trading prices.
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
 Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value
 (In thousands) (In thousands)
7.50% Senior Notes due 2020 
$594,439
 
$610,500
 
$593,447
 
$624,750
 
$128,947
 
$132,236
 
$446,087
 
$459,518
6.25% Senior Notes due 2023 641,473
 659,750
 640,546
 672,750
 642,116
 650,540
 641,792
 674,375
8.25% Senior Notes due 2025

 245,502
 269,375
 
 
 245,710
 262,500
 245,605
 274,375
Other long-term debt due 2028 4,425
 4,408
 4,425
 4,419
 4,425
 4,348
 4,425
 4,445

12. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
The rules of the SEC require that condensed consolidating financial information be provided for a subsidiary that has guaranteed the debt of a registrant issued in a public offering, where the guarantee is full, unconditional and joint and several and where the voting interest of the subsidiary is 100% owned by the registrant. The Company is, therefore, presenting condensed consolidating financial information on a parent company, combined guarantor subsidiaries, combined non-guarantor subsidiaries and consolidated basis and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements. The financial information may not necessarily be indicative of results of operations, cash flows, or financial position had such guarantor subsidiaries operated as independent entities.

CARRIZO OIL & GAS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
 September 30, 2017 March 31, 2018
 
Parent
Company
 
Combined
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Combined
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated 
Parent
Company
 
Combined
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Combined
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Assets                    
Total current assets 
$3,512,988
 
$89,589
 
$—
 
($3,499,850) 
$102,727
 $3,121,696
 $105,225
 $—
 ($3,107,720) 
$119,201
Total property and equipment, net 39,789
 2,592,458
 5,057
 (3,986) 2,633,318
 6,075
 2,395,752
 3,028
 (3,870) 2,400,985
Investment in subsidiaries (1,097,703) 
 
 1,097,703
 
 (884,965) 
 
 884,965
 
Other assets 9,526
 155
 
 
 9,681
 8,725
 9,546
 
 
 18,271
Total Assets 
$2,464,600
 
$2,682,202
 
$5,057
 
($2,406,133) 
$2,745,726
 
$2,251,531
 
$2,510,523
 
$3,028
 
($2,226,625) 
$2,538,457
                    
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity                    
Current liabilities 
$128,778
 
$3,687,474
 
$5,057
 
($3,502,870) 
$318,439
 $209,448
 $3,329,846
 $3,028
 ($3,110,741) 
$431,581
Long-term liabilities 1,716,898
 92,431
 
 15,879
 1,825,208
 1,461,955
 65,642
 
 15,880
 1,543,477
Preferred stock 213,400
 
 
 
 213,400
 172,118
 
 
 
 172,118
Total shareholders’ equity 405,524
 (1,097,703) 
 1,080,858
 388,679
 408,010
 (884,965) 
 868,236
 391,281
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity 
$2,464,600
 
$2,682,202
 
$5,057
 
($2,406,133) 
$2,745,726
 
$2,251,531
 
$2,510,523
 
$3,028
 
($2,226,625) 
$2,538,457
 December 31, 2016 December 31, 2017
 
Parent
Company
 
Combined
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Combined
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated 
Parent
Company
 
Combined
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Combined
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Assets                    
Total current assets 
$2,735,830
 
$63,513
 
$—
 
($2,726,355) 
$72,988
 
$3,441,633
 
$105,533
 
$—
 
($3,424,288) 
$122,878
Total property and equipment, net 42,181
 1,503,695
 3,800
 (3,916) 1,545,760
 5,953
 2,630,707
 3,028
 (3,878) 2,635,810
Investment in subsidiaries (1,282,292) 
 
 1,282,292
 
 (999,793) 
 
 999,793
 
Other assets 7,423
 156
 
 
 7,579
 9,270
 10,346
 
 
 19,616
Total Assets 
$1,503,142
 
$1,567,364
 
$3,800
 
($1,447,979) 
$1,626,327
 
$2,457,063
 
$2,746,586
 
$3,028
 
($2,428,373) 
$2,778,304
                    
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity                    
Current liabilities 
$114,805
 
$2,822,729
 
$3,800
 
($2,729,375) 
$211,959
 
$165,701
 
$3,631,401
 
$3,028
 
($3,427,308) 
$372,822
Long-term liabilities 1,348,105
 26,927
 
 15,878
 1,390,910
 1,689,466
 114,978
 
 15,879
 1,820,323
Preferred stock 
 
 
 
 
 214,262
 
 
 
 214,262
Total shareholders’ equity 40,232
 (1,282,292) 
 1,265,518
 23,458
 387,634
 (999,793) 
 983,056
 370,897
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity 
$1,503,142
 
$1,567,364
 
$3,800
 
($1,447,979) 
$1,626,327
 
$2,457,063
 
$2,746,586
 
$3,028
 
($2,428,373) 
$2,778,304

CARRIZO OIL & GAS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONSINCOME
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
 
Parent
Company
 
Combined
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Combined
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated 
Parent
Company
 
Combined
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Combined
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Total revenues 
$35
 
$181,244
 
$—
 
$—
 
$181,279
 
$20
 
$225,260
 
$—
 
$—
 
$225,280
Total costs and expenses 54,061
 119,366
 
 29
 173,456
 87,365
 110,113
 
 (9) 197,469
Income (loss) before income taxes (54,026) 61,878
 
 (29) 7,823
 (87,345) 115,147
 
 9
 27,811
Income tax benefit 
 
 
 
 
Income tax expense 
 (319) 
 
 (319)
Equity in income of subsidiaries 61,878
 
 
 (61,878) 
 114,828
 
 
 (114,828) 
Net income 
$7,852
 
$61,878
 
$—
 
($61,907) 
$7,823
 
$27,483
 
$114,828
 
$—
 
($114,819) 
$27,492
Dividends on preferred stock (2,249) 
 
 
 (2,249) (4,863) 
 
 
 (4,863)
Accretion on preferred stock (753) 
 
 
 (753)
Loss on redemption of preferred stock (7,133) 
 
 
 (7,133)
Net income attributable to common shareholders 
$5,603
 
$61,878
 
$—
 
($61,907) 
$5,574
 
$14,734
 
$114,828
 
$—
 
($114,819) 
$14,743
  Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
  
Parent
Company
 
Combined
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Combined
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Total revenues 
$105
 
$111,072
 
$—
 
$—
 
$111,177
Total costs and expenses 28,551
 184,047
 
 66
 212,664
Loss before income taxes (28,446) (72,975) 
 (66) (101,487)
Income tax benefit 
 
 
 313
 313
Equity in loss of subsidiaries (72,975) 
 
 72,975
 
Net loss 
($101,421) 
($72,975) 
$—
 
$73,222
 
($101,174)
Dividends on preferred stock 
 
 
 
 
Net loss attributable to common shareholders 
($101,421) 
($72,975) 
$—
 
$73,222
 
($101,174)

CARRIZO OIL & GAS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
  
Parent
Company
 
Combined
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Combined
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Total revenues 
$291
 
$498,826
 
$—
 
$—
 
$499,117
Total costs and expenses 80,660
 314,237
 
 70
 394,967
Income (loss) before income taxes (80,369) 184,589
 
 (70) 104,150
Income tax benefit 
 
 
 
 
Equity in income of subsidiaries 184,589
 
 
 (184,589) 
Net income 
$104,220
 
$184,589
 
$—
 
($184,659) 
$104,150
Dividends on preferred stock (2,249) 
 
 
 (2,249)
Net income attributable to common shareholders 
$101,971
 
$184,589
 
$—
 
($184,659) 
$101,901
  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
  
Parent
Company
 
Combined
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Combined
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Total revenues 
$349
 
$299,414
 
$—
 
$—
 
$299,763
Total costs and expenses 151,445
 822,582
 
 431
 974,458
Loss before income taxes (151,096) (523,168) 
 (431) (674,695)
Income tax benefit 
 
 
 
 
Equity in loss of subsidiaries (523,168) 
 
 523,168
 
Net loss 
($674,264) 
($523,168) 
$—
 
$522,737
 
($674,695)
Dividends on preferred stock 
 
 
 
 
Net loss attributable to common shareholders 
($674,264) 
($523,168) 
$—
 
$522,737
 
($674,695)
  Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
  
Parent
Company
 
Combined
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Combined
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Total revenues 
$82
 
$151,273
 
$—
 
$—
 
$151,355
Total costs and expenses 18,868
 92,456
 
 10
 111,334
Income (loss) before income taxes (18,786) 58,817
 
 (10) 40,021
Income tax expense 
 
 
 
 
Equity in income of subsidiaries 58,817
 
 
 (58,817) 
Net income 
$40,031
 
$58,817
 
$—
 
($58,827) 
$40,021
Dividends on preferred stock 
 
 
 
 
Accretion on preferred stock 
 
 
 
 
Loss on redemption of preferred stock 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to common shareholders 
$40,031
 
$58,817
 
$—
 
($58,827) 
$40,021

CARRIZO OIL & GAS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
 
Parent
Company
 
Combined
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Combined
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated 
Parent
Company
 
Combined
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Combined
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 
($95,529) 
$376,126
 
$—
 
$—
 
$280,597
 
($88,377) 
$227,101
 
$—
 
$—
 
$138,724
Net cash used in investing activities (728,833) (1,102,155) 
 726,029
 (1,104,959)
Net cash provided by financing activities 825,260
 726,029
 
 (726,029) 825,260
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 898
 
 
 
 898
Net cash provided by investing activities 334,688
 107,862
 
 (334,963) 107,587
Net cash used in financing activities (250,966) (334,963) 
 334,963
 (250,966)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (4,655) 
 
 
 (4,655)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 4,194
 
 
 
 4,194
 9,540
 
 
 
 9,540
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period 
$5,092
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$5,092
 
$4,885
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$4,885
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
 
Parent
Company
 
Combined
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Combined
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated 
Parent
Company
 
Combined
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Combined
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 
($10,882) 
$208,729
 
$—
 
$—
 
$197,847
 
($47,297) 
$123,705
 
$—
 
$—
 
$76,408
Net cash used in investing activities (122,846) (331,351) (740) 123,362
 (331,575)
Net cash provided by financing activities 94,045
 122,622
 740
 (123,362) 94,045
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 9,879
 (114,212) 
 (9,493) (113,826)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 35,615
 (9,493) 
 9,493
 35,615
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (39,683) 
 
 
 (39,683) (1,803) 
 
 
 (1,803)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 42,918
 
 
 
 42,918
 4,194
 
 
 
 4,194
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period 
$3,235
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$3,235
 
$2,391
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$2,391

13. Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Supplemental cash flow disclosures and non-cash investing activities are presented below:
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 2017 2016 2018 2017
 (In thousands) (In thousands)
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:        
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized 
$59,389
 
$55,808
 
$14,855
 
$19,480
        
Non-cash investing activities:        
Increase (decrease) in capital expenditure payables and accruals 
$98,829
 
$7,316
 
($9,677) 
$28,139
Contingent ExL Payment 52,300
 
Stock-based compensation expense capitalized to oil and gas properties 2,543
 3,878
Asset retirement obligations capitalized to oil and gas properties 2,761
 766
Contingent consideration related to divestitures of oil and gas properties (7,880) 
14. Subsequent Events
Potential Divestiture of Marcellus Assets
On October 5, 2017, the Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement with BKV Chelsea, LLC, a subsidiary of Kalnin Ventures LLC, to sell substantially all of its assets in the Marcellus Shale for an agreed upon price of $84.0 million, subject to customary purchase price adjustments. The transaction has an effective date of April 1, 2017 and is expected to close by the end of November 2017. On October 5, 2017, the buyer paid $6.3 million into escrow as a deposit.
The Company could also receive contingent consideration of $3.0 million per year if the average settlement prices of a MMBtu of Henry Hub natural gas for the next calendar month, as determined on the last business day preceding each calendar month as measured by the CME Group Inc. (the “CME HH average price”) is above $3.13, $3.18, and $3.30 for the years of 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively, with such receipts due on January 29, 2019, January 28, 2020, and January 28, 2021, respectively. This conditional consideration will be zero for the respective year if such CME HH average price of a MMBtu of Henry Hub natural gas is at or below the per MMBtu amounts listed above for any of such years, and is capped at $7.5 million.
Simultaneous with the signing of the Marcellus Shale transaction discussed above, the Company’s existing joint venture partner in the Marcellus Shale, Reliance Marcellus II, LLC (“Reliance”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance Holding USA, Inc. and an affiliate of Reliance Industries Limited, entered into a purchase and sale agreement with BKV Chelsea, LLC to sell its interest in the same oil and gas properties. Simultaneous with the closing of these Marcellus Shale sale transactions, the agreements governing the Reliance joint venture will be assigned to the buyer and, after giving effect to such transactions, the Reliance joint venture will terminate except for limited post-closing obligations.
Hedging
In October and November 2017,April 2018, the Company entered into the following crude oil derivative positions at the weighted average contract prices:
Crude Oil Basis Swapsprices summarized below:
Period Volumes (in Bbls/d) Midland-NYMEX Price Differential ($/Bbl)
FY 2018 6,000
 
($0.10)
Crude Oil Three-Way Collars
Period Type of Contract Index 
Volumes
(Bbls/d)
 
Fixed
Price
($/Bbl)
 
Sub-Floor Price
($/Bbl)
 
Floor Price
($/Bbl)
 
Ceiling Price
($/Bbl)
2019              
Q1 - Q2 2019 Basis Swaps 
(1) 
 2,500
 
($4.00) 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
Q3 - Q4 2019 Basis Swaps 
(1) 
 3,000
 (4.00) 
 
 
Q1 - Q4 2019 Three-Way Collars NYMEX WTI 3,000
 
 45.00
 55.00
 71.21
    NYMEX Prices
Period 
Volumes
(in Bbls/d)
 
Sub-Floor Price
($/Bbl)
 
Floor Price
($/Bbl)
 
Ceiling Price
($/Bbl)
FY 2018 6,000
 
$40.00
 
$49.00
 
$59.13
FY 2019 6,000
 
$40.00
 
$49.00
 
$59.14
(1)The Company has entered into crude oil basis swaps in order to fix the differential between Midland-Cushing. The weighted average price differential represents the amount of reduction to Cushing for the volumes presented in the table above.
Redemption of Other Long-Term Debt

On April 2, 2018, the Company delivered a notice of redemption to the trustee for its 4.375% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 to call for redemption on May 3, 2018 all of the remaining outstanding convertible senior notes. On May 3, 2018, the Company paid an aggregate redemption price of $4.5 million, which consisted of a redemption price of $4.4 million, equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest of $0.1 million from the last interest payment date up to, but not including, the redemption date.

EleventhTwelfth Amendment to the Credit Agreement
On November 3, 2017,May 4, 2018, the Company entered into an elevenththe twelfth amendment to its credit agreement governing the revolving credit facility to, among other things, (i) establish the borrowing base at $900.0 million,$1.0 billion, with an elected commitment amount of $800.0$900.0 million, until the next redetermination thereof, (ii) reduce the margins applied to Eurodollar loans from 2.0%-3.0% to 1.5%-2.5%, depending on level of facility usage, (iii) amend the covenant limiting payment of dividends and distributions on equity to increase the general basket available for restricted payments from $50.0 millionCompany’s ability to $75.0 millionmake dividends and (iii)distributions on its equity interests and (iv) amend certain other provisions, in each case as set forth therein. The calculation of the borrowing base was supported solely by the reserves of the Company's Eagle Ford and Delaware Basin assets.




Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of the Company should be read in conjunction with the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and related notes included in “Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the discussion under “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 20162017 Annual Report. The following discussion and analysis contains statements, including, but not limited to, statements related to our plans, strategies, objectives, and expectations. Please see “Forward-Looking Statements” for further details about these statements.
General Overview
Operational ResultsFirst Quarter 2018 Highlights
Total production for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 20172018 was 55,22451,257 Boe/d, an increase of 35%11% from the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2016,2017, primarily due to production from new wells in the Eagle Ford and Delaware Basin and the addition of production from the Sanchez Acquisition in the fourth quarter of 2016 and the ExL Acquisition in the third quarter of 2017.2017, partially offset by the divestitures in the Utica and Marcellus Shales in the fourth quarter of 2017 and the Niobrara Formation and Eagle Ford in January 2018.
The following table summarizes our operatedOperated drilling and completion activity for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 along with our drilled but uncompleted and producing wells as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2018 are summarized in the table below.
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 September 30, 2017 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 March 31, 2018
 Drilled Completed Drilled But Uncompleted Producing Drilled Completed Drilled But Uncompleted Producing
Region Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net
Eagle Ford 24
 19.8
 19
 17.7
 32
 27.2
 512
 448.7
 11
 9.0
 31
 25.8
 20
 17.3
 451
 407.6
Delaware Basin 5
 3.8
 3
 2.4
 7
 5.6
 26
 21.8
 10
 6.8
 3
 2.1
 12
 9.7
 37
 30.3
Niobrara 
 
 
 
 
 
 130
 57.7
Marcellus 
 
 
 
 11
 4.3
 81
 26.0
Utica and other 
 
 
 
 
 
 4
 3.1
Total 29
 23.6
 22
 20.1
 50
 37.1
 753
 557.3
 21
 15.8
 34
 27.9
 32
 27.0
 488
 437.9
Drilling and completion expenditures for the thirdfirst quarter of 20172018 were $165.0$209.9 million, all of which 96% were in the Eagle Ford and Delaware Basin. As of September 30, 2017, we were operating two rigs in the Eagle Ford and three rigs in the Delaware Basin. For the remainder of 2017, weWe currently expect to operate five to six rigs and two rigs in the Eagle Ford and four rigs, while bringing in a fifth rig temporarily, in the Delaware Basin. Our current 2017 drilling andto three completion capital expenditure plan increased to $600.0 million to $620.0 million as a result of updated plans in the Delaware Basin as a result of the ExL Acquisition, as well as an increase in non-operated activity on our acreage in the Delaware Basin and Niobrara. The primary focus for our remaining 2017 drilling and completion capital expenditures is on the continued exploration and development of oil-focused plays, such ascrews between the Eagle Ford and Delaware Basin where approximately 94%for the remainder of 2018.
In the first quarter of 2018, we closed on divestitures of substantially all of our remaining 2017 drillingassets in the Niobrara Formation and completion capital expenditure plan is allocated.a portion of our assets in the Eagle Ford for estimated aggregate net proceeds of $379.4 million, subject to post-closing adjustments. In addition, we could receive contingent consideration of $5.0 million per year if crude oil prices exceed specified thresholds for each of the years of 2018 through 2020 as part of the Niobrara Formation divestiture. See “—Liquidity“Note 3. Acquisitions and Capital Resources—2017 DrillingDivestitures of Oil and Completion Capital Expenditure PlanGas Properties” for further details regarding these divestitures.
In January 2018, we called for redemption a total of $320.0 million aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 7.50% Senior Notes. The proceeds for these redemptions were primarily from the Niobrara and Funding Strategy”Eagle Ford divestitures discussed above. As a result of the redemptions, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $8.7 million.
In January 2018, we redeemed 50,000 shares of Preferred Stock, representing 20% of the issued and outstanding Preferred Stock, for additional details.$50.5 million, which consisted of $1,000.00 per share of Preferred Stock redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid dividends. As a result of the redemption, we recorded a loss on redemption of preferred stock of $7.1 million.
Financial ResultsIn January 2018, as a result of the divestiture in the Eagle Ford discussed above, our borrowing base under our revolving credit facility was reduced from $900.0 million to $830.0 million, however, the elected commitment amount remained unchanged at $800.0 million.
We recorded net income attributable to common shareholders for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 of $5.6$14.7 million, or $0.07$0.18 per diluted share, as compared to a net lossincome attributable to common shareholders for the three months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 of $101.2$40.0 million, or $1.72$0.61 per diluted share. The reduction in net income attributable to common shareholders for the thirdfirst quarter of 20172018 as compared to the net lossincome attributable to common shareholders for the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 was driven primarily by a loss on derivatives, net of $29.6 million in the first quarter of 2018 as compared to a gain on derivatives, net of $25.3 million in the first quarter 2017 as well as the losses on the partial redemptions of the 7.5% Senior Notes and the Preferred Stock of $8.7 million and $7.1

million, respectively, partially offset by higher production volumes and commodity prices in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172018 compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2016 and no impairment of proved oil and gas properties during the third quarter of 2017 compared to the $105.1 million impairment of proved oil and gas properties recognized during the third quarter of 2016, partially offset by a loss on derivatives, net of $24.4 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared to a gain on derivatives, net of $11.7 million in the third quarter of 2016.2017. See “—Results of Operations” below for further details.
ExL AcquisitionRecent Developments
On June 28, 2017,In May 2018, we entered into a purchase and sale agreement with ExL Petroleum Management, LLC and ExL Petroleum Operating Inc. (together “ExL”) to acquire oil and gas properties located in the Delaware Basin in Reeves and Ward Counties, Texas (the “ExL Properties”) for a purchase price of $648.0 million, subject to customary purchase price adjustments (the “ExL Acquisition”). The transaction had an effective date of May 1, 2017. We paid $75.0 million to the seller as a deposit on June 28, 2017 and $601.0 million upon closing on August 10, 2017, which included preliminary purchase price adjustments primarily

related to the net cash flows from the acquired wells and capital expenditures from the effective date to the closing date. Upon closing the ExL Acquisition, we became the operator of the ExL Properties with an approximate 70% average working interest.
We also agreed to a contingent payment of $50.0 million per year for each of the years of 2018 through 2021 with a cap of $125.0 million. See “Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of Oil and Gas Properties” for further details of the contingent payment and “Note 10. Derivative Instruments” and “Note 11. Fair Value Measurements” for further details regarding our evaluation of the contingent payment as an embedded derivative.
We funded the ExL Acquisition with net proceeds from the issuance and sale of Preferred Stock on August 10, 2017, the net proceeds from the common stock offering completed on July 3, 2017, and the net proceeds from the senior notes offering completed on July 14, 2017. See below for further discussion of the Preferred Stock, the common stock offering, and the issuance of 8.25% Senior Notes.
Sale of Preferred Stock
On June 28, 2017, we entered into a Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with certain funds managed or sub-advised by GSO Capital Partners LP and its affiliates (the “GSO Funds”) to issue and sell in a private placement (i) $250.0 million (250,000 shares) of 8.875% redeemable preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Preferred Stock”) and (ii) warrants for 2,750,000 shares of our common stock, with a term of ten years and an exercise price of $16.08 per share, exercisable only on a net share settlement basis (the “Warrants”), for a cash purchase price equal to $970.00 per share of Preferred Stock. We paid the GSO Funds $5.0 million as a commitment fee upon signing the Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement. The closing of the private placement occurred on August 10, 2017, contemporaneously with the closing of the ExL Acquisition. We used the net proceeds of approximately $236.4 million, net of issuance costs to fund a portion of the purchase price for the ExL Acquisition and for general corporate purposes. We also entered into a registration rights agreement with the GSO Funds at the closing of the private placement, pursuant to which we agreed to provide certain registration and other rights for the benefit of the GSO Funds. During the fourth quarter of 2017, we filed a registration statement with the SEC to register the Preferred Stock. See “Note 8. Preferred Stock” for further details regarding the Preferred Stock and Warrants.
Sale of Common Stock
On July 3, 2017, we completed a public offering of 15.6 million shares of our common stock at a price per share of $14.28. We used the net proceeds of $222.4 million, net of offering costs, to fund a portion of the purchase price of the ExL Acquisition and for general corporate purposes.
Issuance of Senior Notes
On July 14, 2017, we closed a public offering of $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.25% Senior Notes due 2025 (the “8.25% Senior Notes”). The 8.25% Senior Notes mature on July 15, 2025 and have interest payable semi-annually each January 15 and July 15. We used the net proceeds of $245.4 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering costs, to fund a portion of the purchase price for the ExL Acquisition and for general corporate purposes. See “Note 6. Long-Term Debt” for further details regarding the 8.25% Senior Notes.
Upon issuance of the 8.25% Senior Notes, in accordance with the credit agreement governing the revolving credit facility, our borrowing base was reduced by 25% of the aggregate principal amount of the 8.25% Senior Notes, reducing the borrowing base from $900.0 million to $837.5 million. See “—Eleventh Amendment to the Credit Agreement” below for further discussion of our borrowing base.
Potential Divestitures
On August 31, 2017, we entered into a purchase and sale agreement to sell substantially all of our assets in the Utica Shale for an agreed upon price of $62.0 million. The transaction has an effective date of April 1, 2017 and is expected to close by the end of November 2017. We received $6.2 million from the buyer as a deposit on August 31, 2017. In addition, we could receive contingent consideration of $5.0 million per year for each of the years of 2018 through 2020 with a cap of $15.0 million. See “Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of Oil and Gas Properties” for further details of this transaction.
On October 5, 2017, we entered into a purchase and sale agreement to sell substantially all of our assets in the Marcellus Shale for an agreed upon price of $84.0 million, subject to customary purchase price adjustments. The transaction has an effective date of April 1, 2017 and is expected to close by the end of November 2017. In addition, we could receive contingent consideration of $3.0 million per year for each of the years of 2018 through 2020 with a cap of $7.5 million. See “Note 14. Subsequent Events” for further details of this transaction.
In addition, the process is ongoing to sell our assets in the Niobrara and we believe an agreement could be in place by the end of this year. We are also evaluating certain other of our non-core assets where we do not expect to allocate material capital expenditures over the next few years for potential divestiture. We believe that the divestitures described above are strategically

beneficial as they allow us to focus on two high quality plays in the Eagle Ford and Delaware Basin as well as enhance our future financial flexibility that would benefit us in light of the recent ExL Acquisition and related financings. There can be no assurance that we will complete any pending disposition, be able to sell our Niobrara assets, or divest any other assets in such time frame on acceptable terms or at all or receive any targeted aggregate gross proceeds.
Eleventh Amendment to the Credit Agreement
On November 3, 2017, we entered into an eleventhtwelfth amendment to our credit agreement governing the revolving credit facility to, among other things, (i) establish the borrowing base at $900.0 million,$1.0 billion, with an elected commitment amount of $800.0$900.0 million, until the next redetermination thereof, (ii) reduce the margins applied to Eurodollar loans from 2.0%-3.0% to 1.5%-2.5%, depending on level of facility usage, (iii) amend the covenant limiting payment of dividends and distributions on equity to increase the general basket available for restricted payments from $50.0 millionour ability to $75.0 millionmake dividends and (iii)distributions on our equity interests and (iv) amend certain other provisions, in each case as set forth therein. The calculation of the borrowing base was supported solely by the reserves of our Eagle Ford
Our current 2018 drilling, completion, and Delaware Basin assets.infrastructure capital expenditure plan remains at $750.0 million to $800.0 million. See “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—2018 Drilling, Completion, and Infrastructure Capital Expenditure Plan and Funding Strategy” for additional details.
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended September 30,2017,March 31, 2018, Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017
The following table summarizes total production volumes, daily production volumes, average realized prices and revenues for the three months ended September 30,2017March 31, 2018 and 2016:2017:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
 2017 Period
Compared to 2016 Period
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 2018 Period
Compared to 2017 Period
 2017 2016 Increase (Decrease) % Increase (Decrease) 2018 2017 Increase (Decrease) % Increase (Decrease)
Total production volumes -                
Crude oil (MBbls) 3,211
 2,253
 958
 43% 3,072
 2,596
 476
 18%
NGLs (MBbls) 623
 435
 188
 43% 739
 406
 333
 82%
Natural gas (MMcf) 7,476
 6,372
 1,104
 17% 4,810
 7,028
 (2,218) (32%)
Total barrels of oil equivalent (MBoe) 5,080

3,750
 1,330
 35% 4,613
 4,173
 440
 11%
                
Daily production volumes by product -                
Crude oil (Bbls/d) 34,903
 24,488
 10,415
 43% 34,136
 28,844
 5,292
 18%
NGLs (Bbls/d) 6,777
 4,730
 2,047
 43% 8,213
 4,508
 3,705
 82%
Natural gas (Mcf/d) 81,265
 69,262
 12,003
 17% 53,446
 78,088
 (24,642) (32%)
Total barrels of oil equivalent (Boe/d) 55,224
 40,762
 14,462
 35% 51,257
 46,367
 4,890
 11%
                
Daily production volumes by region (Boe/d) -                
Eagle Ford 39,002
 29,110
 9,892
 34% 35,623
 32,578
 3,045
 9%
Delaware Basin 6,994
 1,344
 5,650
 420% 15,235
 2,418
 12,817
 530%
Niobrara 2,427
 2,576
 (149) (6%)
Marcellus 6,120
 6,811
 (691) (10%)
Utica and other 681
 921
 (240) (26%)
Niobrara and other 399
 11,371
 (10,972) (96%)
Total barrels of oil equivalent (Boe/d) 55,224
 40,762
 14,462
 35% 51,257
 46,367
 4,890
 11%
                
Average realized prices -                
Crude oil ($ per Bbl) 
$47.37
 
$42.23
 
$5.14
 12% 
$63.45
 
$49.34
 
$14.11
 29%
NGLs ($ per Bbl) 20.01
 12.91
 7.10
 55% 22.87
 18.29
 4.58
 25%
Natural gas ($ per Mcf) 2.24
 1.63
 0.61
 37% 2.80
 2.25
 0.55
 24%
Total average realized price ($ per Boe) 
$35.68
 
$29.65
 
$6.03
 20% 
$48.84
 
$36.27
 
$12.57
 35%
                
Revenues (In thousands) -                
Crude oil 
$152,101
 
$95,154
 
$56,947
 60% 
$194,919
 
$128,092
 
$66,827
 52%
NGLs 12,467
 5,616
 6,851
 122% 16,902
 7,425
 9,477
 128%
Natural gas 16,711
 10,407
 6,304
 61% 13,459
 15,838
 (2,379) (15%)
Total revenues 
$181,279
 
$111,177
 
$70,102
 63% 
$225,280
 
$151,355
 
$73,925
 49%
Production volumes for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 were 55,22451,257 Boe/d, an increase of 35%11% from 40,76246,367 Boe/d for the same period in 2016.2017. The increase is primarily due to production from new wells in the Eagle Ford and Delaware Basin

and the addition of production from the SanchezExL Acquisition in the third quarter of 2017, partially offset by the divestitures in the Utica and Marcellus Shales in the fourth quarter of 20162017 and the ExL AcquisitionNiobrara Formation and Eagle Ford in the

third quarter of 2017.January 2018. Revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 increased 63%49% to $181.3$225.3 million compared to $111.2from $151.4 million for the same period in 20162017 primarily due to higher crude oil prices and increased productioncrude oil and higher commodity prices.NGL production.
Lease operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 increased to $34.9$39.3 million ($6.868.51 per Boe) from $24.3$29.8 million ($6.487.15 per Boe) for the same period in 2016.2017. The increase in lease operating expenses is primarily due to increased production.production in the Eagle Ford and the addition of production from the ExL Acquisition in the third quarter of 2017. The increase in lease operating expense per Boe is primarily due to increased workover costs primarily on wells acquired in the Sanchez Acquisition as well as to an increased proportion of total production from crude oil properties, which have a higher operating cost per Boe than natural gas properties.properties, as a result of the divestiture in the Marcellus Shale in the fourth quarter of 2017 as well as processing fees for certain of our natural gas and NGL processing contracts that are now presented in lease operating expenses as a result of the adoption of ASC 606.
Production taxes increased to $7.7$10.6 million (or 4.3%4.7% of revenues) for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 from $4.9$6.2 million (or 4.4%4.1% of revenues) for the same period in 20162017 primarily as a result of the increase in crude oil NGL, and natural gasNGL revenues. The decreaseincrease in production taxes as a percentage of revenues is primarily due to a benefitthe divestiture of substantially all of our assets in the thirdMarcellus Shale in the fourth quarter of 2017, of lower actualas production taxes than previously estimated in the Niobrara.Marcellus was not subject to production taxes.
Ad valorem taxes increaseddecreased to $1.7$2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 from $1.4$3.0 million for the same period in 2016.2017. The increasedecrease in ad valorem taxes is due to the divestitures of substantially all of our assets in the Marcellus Shale and Niobrara Formation in the fourth quarter of 2017 and the first quarter of 2018, respectively, as well as the divestiture of a portion of our assets in the Eagle Ford in the first quarter of 2018, partially offset by new wells drilled in the Eagle Ford and Delaware Basin in 2016 and new wells acquired in the SanchezExL Acquisition in December 2016.
Depreciation, depletion and amortization (“DD&A”) expense for the third quarter of 2017 increased $18.6 million to $67.6 million ($13.30 per Boe) from the 2017.
DD&A expense for the third quarter of 2016 of $48.9three months ended March 31, 2018 increased $10.1 million to $64.5 million ($13.0513.98 per Boe). from $54.4 million ($13.03 per Boe) for the same period in 2017. The increase in DD&A expense is attributable to increased production andas well as an increase in the DD&A rate per Boe. The increase in the DD&A rate per Boe is due primarily to increases in service costs that occurred in the addition tofirst quarter of 2018 as well as increased proved oil and gas properties related to the ExL Acquisition in the third quarter of 2017, partially offset by the impairment of ourreduction in proved oil and gas properties recorded in the third quarter of 2016, reductions in estimated future development costs as a result of reduced service costs that occurredthe sales of substantially all of our assets in the Utica and Marcellus Shales in the fourth quarter of 2016, and2017, the addition of crude oil reservesNiobrara Formation in the fourthfirst quarter of 2016.2018, and a portion of our assets in the Eagle Ford Shale in the first quarter of 2018. The components of our DD&A expense were as follows:
   Three Months Ended
September 30,
  2017 2016
  (In thousands)
DD&A of proved oil and gas properties 
$66,221
 
$47,702
Depreciation of other property and equipment 584
 656
Amortization of other assets 294
 251
Accretion of asset retirement obligations 465
 340
Total DD&A 
$67,564
 
$48,949
We did not recognize an impairment of proved oil and gas properties for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Primarily due to the decline in the 12-Month Average Realized Price of crude oil, we recognized an impairment of proved oil and gas properties for the three months ended September 30, 2016. Details of the 12-Month Average Realized Price of crude oil for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 and the impairment of proved oil and gas properties for the three months ended September 30, 2016 are summarized in the table below: 
   Three Months Ended
September 30,
  2017 2016
Impairment of proved oil and gas properties (in thousands) 
$—
 $105,057
Crude Oil 12-Month Average Realized Price ($/Bbl) - Beginning of period $46.80 $39.84
Crude Oil 12-Month Average Realized Price ($/Bbl) - End of period $47.74 $38.36
Crude Oil 12-Month Average Realized Price percentage increase (decrease) during period

 2% (4%)
   Three Months Ended
March 31,
  2018 2017
  (In thousands)
DD&A of proved oil and gas properties 
$63,331
 
$52,960
Depreciation of other property and equipment 580
 646
Amortization of other assets 234
 351
Accretion of asset retirement obligations 322
 425
Total DD&A 
$64,467
 
$54,382
General and administrative expense, net decreasedincreased to $16.0$27.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 from $18.1$21.7 million for the correspondingsame period in 2016.2017. The decreaseincrease was primarily due to a decreasean increase in stock-based compensation expense, net resulting fromas a decrease in stock appreciation rights outstanding during the three months ended September 30, 2017 due to exercises and expirations andresult of a smaller decrease in the fair value of stock appreciation rights for the three months ended September 30, 2017 asMarch 31, 2018 compared to the same perioddecrease in 2016, partially offset by higher compensation costsfair value for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016 resulting fromwell as an increase in personnel as a resultand higher annual bonuses awarded in the first quarter of 2018 compared to the ExL Acquisition as well as additional expenses related to a program we implemented to provide financial assistance to employees impacted by Hurricane Harvey.first quarter of 2017.

We recorded a loss on derivatives, net of $24.4$29.6 million and a gain on derivatives, net of $11.7$25.3 million for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, respectively. The components of our (gain) loss on derivatives, net were as follows:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 2017 2016 2018 2017
 (In thousands) (In thousands)
Crude oil derivative positions:        
(Gain) loss due to (downward) upward shift in the futures curve of forecasted crude oil prices during the period on derivative positions outstanding at the beginning of the period 
$7,567
 
($8,309) 
$29,596
 
($18,480)
Loss due to new derivative positions executed during the period 842
 
Loss due to deferred premium obligations incurred 10,151
 55
Gain due to new derivative positions executed during the period (85) 
Natural gas derivative positions:        
Gain due to downward shift in the futures curve of forecasted natural gas prices during the period on derivative positions outstanding at the beginning of the period (2,183) (3,490) (1,807) (6,836)
Contingent ExL Payment    
Loss due to upward shift in the futures curve of forecasted crude oil prices from the closing date to the end of the period 8,000
 
Gain due to new derivative positions executed during the period (1,238) 
NGL derivative positions:    
Gain due to downward shift in the futures curve of forecasted NGL prices during the period on derivative positions outstanding at the beginning of the period (1,765) 
Contingent consideration:    
Net loss due to upward shift in the futures curve of forecasted crude oil prices during the period 4,895
 
(Gain) loss on derivatives, net 
$24,377
 
($11,744) 
$29,596
 
($25,316)
Interest expense, net for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 was $20.7$15.5 million as compared to $21.2$20.6 million for the same period in 2016. An increase in2017. The decrease was due primarily to reduced interest expense as a result of the $250.0 million aggregate principal amountredemptions of our 8.25%the 7.50% Senior Notes that were issued in July 2017 and increased borrowings on our revolving credit facility in the thirdfourth quarter of 2017 as compared to the thirdand first quarter of 2016 was more than offset by2018 and an increase in capitalized interest as a result of higher average balances of unevaluated leasehold and seismic costs for the third quarter of 2017three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the third quarter of 2016, primarily due to the ExL Acquisition. The components of our interest expense, net were as follows:
   Three Months Ended
September 30,
  2017 2016
  (In thousands)
Interest expense on Senior Notes 
$25,750
 
$21,454
Interest expense on revolving credit facility 1,969
 1,161
Amortization of premiums and debt issuance costs 1,116
 1,186
Other interest expense 293
 340
Interest capitalized (8,455) (2,951)
Interest expense, net 
$20,673
 
$21,190
The effective income tax rates for the third quarter of 2017 and 2016 were 0.0% and 0.3%, respectively. This is as a result of a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets driven primarily by the impairments of proved oil and gas properties we recognized beginning in the third quarter of 2015 and continuing through the third quarter of 2016. For the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2017, as a result of current quarter activity, a partial release from the valuation allowance was recorded to bring the net deferred tax assets to zero. For the three months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded an additional valuation allowance primarily as a result of the impairments of proved oil and gas properties described above.
For the three months ended September 30, 2017, we declared and paid $2.2 million of dividends, in cash, to the holders of record of the Preferred Stock on September 1, 2017 for the period from issuance through September 15, 2017, which reduced net income to compute net income attributable to common shareholders.

Results of Operations
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017, Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
ExL Acquisition. The following table summarizes total production volumes, daily production volumes, average realized prices and revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2017 Period
Compared to 2016 Period
  2017 2016 Increase (Decrease) % Increase (Decrease)
Total production volumes -        
    Crude oil (MBbls) 8,867
 6,780
 2,087
 31%
    NGLs (MBbls) 1,482
 1,324
 158
 12%
    Natural gas (MMcf) 21,279
 19,502
 1,777
 9%
Total barrels of oil equivalent (MBoe) 13,896
 11,354
 2,542
 22%
         
Daily production volumes by product -        
    Crude oil (Bbls/d) 32,481
 24,744
 7,737
 31%
    NGLs (Bbls/d) 5,430
 4,831
 599
 12%
    Natural gas (Mcf/d) 77,946
 71,174
 6,772
 10%
Total barrels of oil equivalent (Boe/d) 50,902
 41,438
 9,464
 23%
         
Daily production volumes by region (Boe/d) -        
    Eagle Ford 36,569
 30,101
 6,468
 21%
    Delaware Basin 3,871
 660
 3,211
 487%
    Niobrara 2,627
 2,845
 (218) (8%)
    Marcellus 7,136
 6,451
 685
 11%
    Utica and other 699
 1,381
 (682) (49%)
Total barrels of oil equivalent (Boe/d) 50,902
 41,438
 9,464
 23%
         
Average realized prices -        
    Crude oil ($ per Bbl) 
$47.70
 
$37.57
 
$10.13
 27%
    NGLs ($ per Bbl) 18.68
 11.42
 7.26
 64%
    Natural gas ($ per Mcf) 2.28
 1.53
 0.75
 49%
Total average realized price ($ per Boe) 
$35.92
 
$26.40
 
$9.52
 36%
         
Revenues (In thousands) -        
    Crude oil 
$422,999
 
$254,758
 
$168,241
 66%
    NGLs 27,678
 15,119
 12,559
 83%
    Natural gas 48,440
 29,886
 18,554
 62%
Total revenues 
$499,117
 
$299,763
 
$199,354
 67%
Production volumes for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were 50,902 Boe/d, an increase of 23% from 41,438 Boe/d for the same period in 2016. The increase is primarily due to production from new wells in the Eagle Ford and Delaware Basin and the addition of production from the Sanchez Acquisition in late 2016 and the ExL Acquisition in the third quarter of 2017,decrease was partially offset by normal production declines. Revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased 67% to $499.1 million from $299.8 million for the same period in 2016 primarily due to increased production and higher commodity prices.
Lease operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased to $100.8 million ($7.25 per Boe) from $71.1 million ($6.26 per Boe) for the same period in 2016. The increase in lease operating expenses is primarily due to increased production and increased workover costs primarily on wells recently acquired in the Sanchez Acquisition. The increase in lease operating expense per Boe is primarily due to the workover costs described above as well as to an increased proportion of total production from crude oil properties, which have a higher operating cost per Boe than natural gas properties.
Production taxes increased to $21.1 million (or 4.2% of revenues) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $12.9 million (or 4.3% of revenues) for the same period in 2016 primarily as a result of the increase in crude oil, NGL, and natural gas

revenues. The decrease in production taxes as a percentage of revenues is primarily due to a benefit in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 of lower actual production taxes than previously estimated in Niobrara.
Ad valorem taxes increased to $5.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $4.0 million for the same period in 2016. The increase in ad valorem taxes is due to new wells drilled in the Eagle Ford and Delaware Basin in 2016 and new wells acquired in the Sanchez Acquisition in December 2016.
DD&A expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased $20.5 million to $181.0 million ($13.03 per Boe) from $160.5 million ($14.14 per Boe) for the same period in 2016. The increase in DD&A expense is attributable to increased production, partially offset by the decrease in the DD&A rate per Boe. The decrease in the DD&A rate per Boe is due primarily to impairments of our proved oil and gas properties recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, reductions in estimated future development costs as a result of reduced service costs that occurred in the fourth quarter of 2016, and the addition of crude oil reserves in the fourth quarter of 2016, partially offset by the allocation to proved oil and gas properties related to the ExL Acquisition. The components of our DD&A expense were as follows:
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2017 2016
  (In thousands)
DD&A of proved oil and gas properties 
$176,876
 
$156,595
Depreciation of other property and equipment 1,842
 1,994
Amortization of other assets 966
 892
Accretion of asset retirement obligations 1,334
 1,011
Total DD&A 
$181,018
 
$160,492
We did not recognize impairments of proved oil and gas properties for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Primarily due to declines in the 12-Month Average Realized Price of crude oil, we recognized impairments of proved oil and gas properties for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Details of the 12-Month Average Realized Price of crude oil for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 and impairments of proved oil and gas properties for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 are summarized in the table below: 
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2017 2016
Impairments of proved oil and gas properties (in thousands) 
$—
 $576,540
Crude Oil 12-Month Average Realized Price ($/Bbl) - Beginning of period $39.60 $47.24
Crude Oil 12-Month Average Realized Price ($/Bbl) - End of period $47.74 $38.36
Crude Oil 12-Month Average Realized Price percentage increase (decrease) during period

 21% (19%)
General and administrative expense, net decreased to $49.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $59.0 million for the same period in 2016. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in stock-based compensation expense, net as a result of a decrease in the fair value of stock appreciation rights for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to an increase in fair value for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, partially offset by higher annual bonuses awarded in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016.

We recorded a gain on derivatives, net of $27.0 million and a loss on derivatives, net of $29.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The components of our (gain) loss on derivatives, net were as follows:
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2017 2016
  (In thousands)
Crude oil derivative positions:    
(Gain) loss due to (downward) upward shift in the futures curve of forecasted crude oil prices during the period on derivative positions outstanding at the beginning of the period

 
($28,334) 
$10,209
(Gain) loss due to new derivative positions executed during the period (11,420) 1,797
Loss due to deferred premium obligations incurred 17,652
 5,667
Natural gas derivative positions:    
Gain due to downward shift in the futures curve of forecasted natural gas prices during the period on derivative positions outstanding at the beginning of the period (12,902) 
Loss due to new derivative positions executed during the period 
 12,167
Loss due to deferred premium obligations incurred 
 98
Contingent ExL Payment    
Loss due to upward shift in the futures curve of forecasted crude oil prices from the closing date to the end of the period 8,000
 
(Gain) loss on derivatives, net 
($27,004) 
$29,938
Interest expense, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $62.4 million as compared to $58.9 million for the same period in 2016. The increase was due primarily to the interest expense on the $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 8.25% Senior Notes that were issued in July 2017 and an increase in interest expense on our revolving credit facility as a result of increased borrowings for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 as compared to the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016, partially offset by an increase in capitalized interest as a result of higher average balances of unevaluated leasehold and seismic costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily as a result of the ExL Acquisition.March 31, 2017. The components of our interest expense, net were as follows:
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 2017 2016 2018 2017
 (In thousands) (In thousands)
Interest expense on Senior Notes 
$68,660
 
$64,364
 
$21,486
 
$21,455
Interest expense on revolving credit facility 5,656
 2,827
 3,158
 1,426
Amortization of debt issuance costs, premiums, and discounts 3,381
 4,296
 1,104
 1,186
Other interest expense 876
 854
 137
 285
Capitalized interest (16,223) (13,428) (10,368) (3,781)
Interest expense, net 
$62,350
 
$58,913
 
$15,517
 
$20,571
As a result of our redemption of $320.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 7.50% Senior Notes, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $8.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, which includes redemption premiums paid to redeem the notes of $6.0 million and non-cash charges of $2.7 million attributable to the write-off of unamortized premium and debt issuance costs associated with the 7.50% Senior Notes.
The effective income tax rate for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 was 1.1% and 0.0% respectively. The variance in the effective income tax rate results from state current and deferred income tax expense of $0.3 million recognized during the first quarter of 2018. This was due to changes to our state apportionment for estimated state deferred tax liabilities as a result of the significant changes in our areas of operations that occurred in late 2017 and 2016early 2018 as well as current period activity. The effective income tax rate was 0.0%. This is in the first quarter of 2017 as a result of a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets driven by the impairments of proved oil and gas properties we recognized beginning in the third quarter of 2015 and continuing through the third quarter of 2016. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as a result of current year activity, a partial release from the valuation allowance was needed to bring the net deferred tax assets to zero. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded additional valuation allowance primarily as a result of impairments of proved oil and gas properties described above.
For the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, we declared and paid $2.2$4.9 million of dividends in cash, to the holders of record of theon our Preferred Stock, on September 1, 2017 for the period from issuance through September 15, 2017,in cash, which reduced net income to compute net income attributable to common shareholders.
As a result of our redemption of 50,000 shares of Preferred Stock at $1,000.00 per share, or $50.0 million, we recorded a loss on redemption of preferred stock of $7.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, which reduced net income to

compute net income attributable to common shareholders. This loss was calculated as the difference between the consideration transferred to the holders of the Preferred Stock, excluding accrued and unpaid dividends, of $50.0 million and 20% of the carrying value of the Preferred Stock on the date of redemption plus any direct costs incurred as a result of the redemption.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
20172018 Drilling, Completion, and CompletionInfrastructure Capital Expenditure Plan and Funding Strategy. In November 2017, our 2017Our 2018 drilling, completion, and completioninfrastructure capital expenditure plan was increased to $600.0remains unchanged at $750.0 million to $620.0 million from the previous range of $590.0 million to $610.0 million, due to updated plans in the Delaware Basin as a result of the ExL Acquisition, as well as an increase in non-operated activity on our acreage in the Delaware Basin and Niobrara.$800.0 million. We currently intend to finance the remainder of our 20172018 drilling, completion, and completioninfrastructure capital expenditure plan primarily from the sources described below under “—Sources and Uses of Cash.” Our capital program could vary depending upon various factors, including, but not limited to, the availability of drilling rigs and completion crews, the cost of completion services, acquisitions and divestitures of oil and gas properties, land and industry partner issues, our available cash flow and financing, success of drilling programs, weather delays, commodity prices, market conditions, the acquisition of leases with drilling commitments and other factors. BelowThe following is a summary of our capital expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2017, June 30, 2017 and September 30, 2017 and for the nine months ended September 30, 20172018:
 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
 March 31, 2017 June 30, 2017 September 30, 2017 September 30, 2017
 (In thousands)
Drilling and completion       
Eagle Ford
$111,472
 
$129,933
 
$122,281
 
$363,686
Delaware Basin10,360
 11,727
 36,055
 58,142
All other regions6,412
 6,734
 6,698
 19,844
     Total drilling and completion128,244
 148,394
 165,034
 441,672
Leasehold and seismic14,516
 34,447
 11,819
 60,782
Total Capital Expenditures (1)

$142,760
 
$182,841
 
$176,853
 
$502,454
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
(In thousands)
Drilling, completion, and infrastructure
Eagle Ford
$135,677
Delaware Basin73,892
All other regions284
     Total drilling, completion, and infrastructure209,853
Leasehold and seismic5,520
Total Capital Expenditures (1)

$215,373
 
(1)Capital expenditures exclude acquisitions of oil and gas properties, capitalized general and administrative expense, interest expense and asset retirement obligations.costs.
Sources and Uses of Cash. Our primary use of cash is related to our drilling, completion and completioninfrastructure capital expenditures and, to a lesser extent, our leasehold and seismic capital expenditures. For the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, we funded our capital expenditures with cash provided by operations and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Potential sources of future liquidity include the following:
Cash provided by operations. Cash flows from operations are highly dependent on crude oil prices. As such, we hedge a portion of our forecasted production to reduce our exposure to commodity price volatility in order to achieve a more predictable level of cash flows.
Borrowings under revolving credit facility. As of November 3, 2017,April 30, 2018, our revolving credit facility had a borrowing base of 900.0$830.0 million, with an elected commitment amount of $800.0 million, with $297.1$450.6 million of borrowings outstanding and $0.4 million inno letters of credit issued, which reduce the amounts available under our revolving credit facility. As a result ofOn May 4, 2018, we entered in the Fall 2017 borrowing base redetermination,twelfth amendment to the credit agreement governing our revolving credit facility which, among other things, established the borrowing base was established at $900.0 million,$1.0 billion, with an elected commitment amount of $800.0 million, until the next redetermination thereof. The calculation of the Fall 2017 borrowing base was supported solely by the reserves of our Eagle Ford and Delaware Basin assets.$900.0 million. The amount we are able to borrow is subject to compliance with the financial covenants and other provisions of the credit agreement governing our revolving credit facility. See “Note 6. Long-Term Debt” for details of the ninth and tenth amendments and “Note 14. Subsequent Events” for further details of the recent eleventh amendment to the credit agreement governing our revolving credit facility.twelfth amendment.
Securities offerings. As situations or conditions arise, we may choose to issue debt, equity or other securities to supplement our cash flows. However, we may not be able to obtain such financing on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. See “Note 6. Long-term Debt” for details of the issuance of the 8.25% Senior Notes, “Note 8. Preferred Stock” for details of the Preferred Stock issuance and “Note 9. Shareholders’ Equity and Stock-Based Compensation” for details of the recent common stock offering.
Divestitures. We may consider divesting certain properties or assets that are not part of our core business or are no longer deemed essential to our future growth, provided we are able to divest such assets on terms that are acceptable to us. See “—General Overview—Potential Divestitures” above“Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of Oil and Gas Properties” for further details.details of the divestitures that occurred in early 2018.
Joint ventures. Joint ventures with third parties through which such third parties fund a portion of our exploration activities to earn an interest in our exploration acreage or purchase a portion of interests, or both.

Overview of Cash Flow Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities was $280.6$138.7 million and $197.8$76.4 million for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, respectively. The change was driven primarily by an increase in revenues as a result

of higher production and commodity prices and a decrease in working capital requirements, partially offset by a decreasean increase in the net cash received frompaid for derivative settlements and an increase in operating expenses and cash general and administrative expense.
Net cash provided by investing activities was $107.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and net cash used in investing activities was $1.1 billion and $331.6$113.8 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.March 31, 2017. The change was due primarily to cash paid for the ExL Acquisition, increased capital expenditures,received from divestitures of oil and cash paid for the Sanchez Acquisition in January and April 2017 for leases that were not conveyed in conjunction with the initial closing in December 2016,gas properties, partially offset by an increase in capital expenditures. The divestitures of oil and gas properties were related to the deposit receiveddivestitures of a portion of our assets in connection with the pending divestiture ofEagle Ford Shale, as well as substantially all of our assets in the Utica ShaleNiobrara Formation.
Net cash used in financing activities was $251.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and increased proceeds from divestitures of oil and gas properties. The divestitures of oil and gas properties in 2017 were primarily related to the divestiture of a small undeveloped acreage position in the Delaware Basin for net proceeds of $15.3 million.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $825.3 million and $94.0 million for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.was $35.6 million. The increase in net cash used in financing activities was due to net proceeds related topayments for the issuanceredemptions of the 8.25%7.50% Senior Notes and the sale of Preferred Stock andas well as dividends paid on the sale of common stock, andPreferred Stock, partially offset by increased borrowings net of repayments under our revolving credit facility in 2017the first quarter of 2018 as compared to 2016, partially offset by increased debt issuance costs related to the amendments to the credit agreement governing the revolving credit facility and dividends paid on the Preferred Stock.first quarter of 2017.
Liquidity/Cash Flow Outlook. Economic downturns may adversely affect our ability to access capital markets in the future. Cash flows from operations are primarily driven by crude oil production, crude oil prices, and settlements of our crude oil derivatives. We currently believe that cash flows from operations and borrowings under our revolving credit facility will provide adequate financial flexibility and will be sufficient to fund our immediate cash flow requirements.
Revolving credit facility. The borrowing base under our revolving credit facility is affected by assumptions of the administrative agent with respect to, among other things, crude oil and natural gas prices. Our borrowing base may decrease if our administrative agent reduces the crude oil and natural gas prices from those used to determine our existing borrowing base. See “—Sources and Uses of Cash—Borrowings under our revolving credit facility” and “—Financing Arrangements—Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility” for further details of our revolving credit facility.
Contingent consideration. In connection with the ExL Acquisition, we agreed to a contingent payment of $50.0 million per year if crude oil prices exceed specified thresholds for each of the years of 2018 through 2021 with a cap of $125.0 million. In connection with the sale of our Utica Shale assets, we could receive contingent consideration of $5.0 million per year if crude oil prices exceed specified thresholds for each of the years of 2018 through 2020 with a cap of $15.0 million. See “Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of Oil and Gas Properties” for further details of the contingent consideration associated with the ExL Acquisition and Utica Shale assets.2020. In connection with the sale of our Marcellus Shale assets, we could receive contingent consideration of $3.0 million per year if natural gas prices exceed specified thresholds for each of the years of 2018 through 2020 with a cap of $7.5 million. In connection with the sale of our Niobrara Formation assets, we could receive contingent consideration of $5.0 million per year if crude oil prices exceed specified thresholds for each of the years of 2018 through 2020. See “Note 14. Subsequent Events”3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of Oil and Gas Properties” for further details of each of these contingent considerations. See also “—Volatility of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Prices” for details of the sensitivities to commodity price of each contingent consideration associated with the Marcellus Shale assets.consideration.
Hedging. To manage our exposure to commodity price risk and to provide a level of certainty in the cash flows to support our drilling, completion, and completioninfrastructure capital expenditure plan, we hedge a portion of our forecasted production.
As
The following table sets forth a summary of November 6, 2017, we had the followingour outstanding crude oil derivative positions at weighted average contract prices:
Crude Oil Fixed Price Swapsprices as of April 30, 2018:
Period Volumes (in Bbls/d) NYMEX Price ($/Bbl)
Q4 2017 15,000
 
$53.44
FY 2018 6,000
 
$49.55
Crude Oil Basis Swaps
Period Type of Contract Index 
Volumes
(Bbls/d)
 
Fixed Price
($/Bbl)
 
Sub-Floor Price
($/Bbl)
 
Floor Price
($/Bbl)
 
Ceiling Price
($/Bbl)
2018              
Q2 - Q4 2018 Fixed Price Swaps NYMEX WTI 6,000
 
$49.55
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
Q2 - Q4 2018 Basis Swaps 
(1) 
 6,000
 2.91
 
 
 
Q2 - Q4 2018 Basis Swaps 
(2) 
 6,000
 (0.10) 
 
 
Q2 - Q4 2018 Three-Way Collars NYMEX WTI 24,000
 
 39.38
 49.06
 60.14
Q2 - Q4 2018 Net Sold Call Options NYMEX WTI 3,388
 
 
 
 71.33
2019              
Q1 - Q4 2019 Basis Swaps 
(2) 
 3,000
 (3.92) 
 
 
Q1 - Q4 2019 Three-Way Collars NYMEX WTI 15,000
 
 41.00
 49.72
 62.48
Q1 - Q4 2019 Net Sold Call Options NYMEX WTI 3,875
 
 
 
 73.66
2020              
Q1 - Q4 2020 Net Sold Call Options NYMEX WTI 4,575
 
 
 
 75.98
Period Volumes (in Bbls/d) LLS-NYMEX Price Differential ($/Bbl)
December 2017 15,000
 
$4.13
FY 2018 6,000
 
$2.91
(1)We have entered into crude oil basis swaps in order to fix the differential between LLS-Cushing. The weighted average price differential represents the amount of premium to Cushing for the volumes presented in the table above.
(2)We have entered into crude oil basis swaps in order to fix the differential between Midland-Cushing. The weighted average price differential represents the amount of reduction to Cushing for the volumes presented in the table above.
The following table sets forth a summary of our outstanding NGL derivative positions at weighted average contract prices as of April 30, 2018:
Period Volumes (in Bbls/d) Midland-NYMEX Price Differential ($/Bbl) Type of Contract Index 
Volumes
(Bbls/d)
 
Fixed
Price
($/Bbl)
FY 2018 6,000
 
($0.10)
2018        
Q2 - Q4 2018 Fixed Price Swaps Ethane - OPIS Mont Belvieu Non-TET 2,200
 
$12.01
Q2 - Q4 2018 Fixed Price Swaps Propane - OPIS Mont Belvieu Non-TET 1,500
 34.23
Q2 - Q4 2018 Fixed Price Swaps Butane - OPIS Mont Belvieu Non-TET 200
 38.85
Q2 - Q4 2018 Fixed Price Swaps Isobutane - OPIS Mont Belvieu Non-TET 600
 38.98
Q2 - Q4 2018 Fixed Price Swaps Natural Gasoline - OPIS Mont Belvieu Non-TET 600
 55.23


Crude Oil Three-Way CollarsThe following table sets forth a summary of our outstanding natural gas derivative positions at weighted average contract prices as of April 30, 2018:
    NYMEX Prices
Period 
Volumes
(in Bbls/d)
 
Sub-Floor Price
($/Bbl)
 
Floor Price
($/Bbl)
 
Ceiling Price
($/Bbl)
FY 2018 24,000
 
$39.38
 
$49.06
 
$60.14
FY 2019 12,000
 
$40.00
 
$48.40
 
$60.29
Period Type of Contract Index 
Volumes
(MMBtu/d)
 
Fixed
Price
($/Bbl)
 
Ceiling
Price
($/Bbl)
2018          
Q2 - Q4 2018 Fixed Price Swaps NYMEX HH 25,000
 
$3.01
 
$—
Q2 - Q4 2018 Sold Call Options NYMEX HH 33,000
 
 3.25
2019          
Q1 - Q4 2019 Sold Call Options NYMEX HH 33,000
 
 3.25
2020          
Q1 - Q4 2020 Sold Call Options NYMEX HH 33,000
 
 3.50
Crude Oil Net Sold Call Options
Period Volumes (in Bbls/d) NYMEX Ceiling Price ($/Bbl)
FY 2018 3,388
 
$71.33
FY 2019 3,875
 
$73.66
FY 2020 4,575
 
$75.98
Natural Gas Fixed Price Swaps
Period Volumes (in MMBtu/d) NYMEX Price ($/MMBtu)
Q4 2017 20,000
 
$3.30
Natural Gas Sold Call Options
Period Volumes (in MMBtu/d) NYMEX Ceiling Price ($/MMBtu)
Q4 2017 33,000
 
$3.00
FY 2018 33,000
 
$3.25
FY 2019 33,000
 
$3.25
FY 2020 33,000
 
$3.50
If cash flows from operations and borrowings under our revolving credit facility and the other sources of cash described under “—Sources and Uses of Cash” are insufficient to fund our remaining 2018 drilling, completion, and infrastructure capital expenditure plan, we may need to reduce our capital expenditure plan or seek other financing alternatives. We may not be able to obtain financing needed in the future on terms that would be acceptable to us, or at all. If we cannot obtain adequate financing, we may be required to limit or defer a portion of our remaining 2018 drilling, completion, and infrastructure capital expenditure plan, thereby potentially adversely affecting the recoverability and ultimate value of our oil and gas properties. Based on existing market conditions and our expected liquidity needs, among other factors, we may use a portion of our cash flows from operations,

proceeds from divestitures, securities offerings or borrowings to reduce debt or Preferred Stock prior to scheduled maturities through debt or Preferred Stock repurchases, either in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, through debt or Preferred Stock redemptions or tender offers, or through repayments of bank borrowings.

Contractual Obligations
The following table sets forth estimates of our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 (in thousands):
October -
December
2017
 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 and Thereafter Total2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 and Thereafter Total
Long-term debt (1)

$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$600,000
 
$—
 
$215,600
 
$904,425
 
$1,720,025

$—
 
$—
 
$130,000
 
$—
 
$421,700
 
$904,425
 
$1,456,125
Cash interest on senior notes and other long-term debt (2)
20,409
 106,444
 106,444
 106,444
 61,444
 61,444
 83,236
 545,865
56,006
 71,194
 71,194
 61,444
 61,444
 83,236
 404,518
Cash interest and commitment fees on revolving credit facility (3)
2,463
 9,639
 9,639
 9,639
 9,639
 3,320
 
 44,339
15,103
 19,772
 19,772
 19,772
 6,810
 
 81,229
Capital leases464
 1,823
 1,800
 1,050
 
 
 
 5,137
1,359
 1,800
 1,050
 
 
 
 4,209
Operating leases1,260
 4,939
 4,799
 4,597
 4,450
 1,854
 
 21,899
3,927
 5,127
 4,822
 4,493
 1,854
 
 20,223
Drilling rig contracts (4)
11,006
 23,170
 8,881
 
 
 
 
 43,057
29,777
 20,173
 1,196
 
 
 
 51,146
Delivery commitments (5)
3,503
 8,615
 7,301
 4,829
 3,684
 282
 26
 28,240
2,756
 3,676
 2,757
 2,438
 10
 26
 11,663
Asset retirement obligations and other (6)
884
 1,765
 429
 378
 129
 261
 23,404
 27,250
Total Contractual Obligations
$39,989
 
$156,395
 
$139,293
 
$726,937
 
$79,346
 
$282,761
 
$1,011,091
 
$2,435,812
Produced water disposal commitments (6)
7,090
 18,107
 18,197
 18,196
 18,242
 17,276
 97,108
Asset retirement obligations and other (7)
1,462
 496
 261
 53
 234
 14,970
 17,476
Total Contractual Obligations (8)

$117,480
 
$140,345
 
$249,249
 
$106,396
 
$510,294
 
$1,019,933
 
$2,143,697
 
(1)Long-term debt consists of the principal amounts of the 7.50% Senior Notes due 2020, the 6.25% Senior Notes due 2023, the 8.25% Senior Notes due 2025, other long-term debt due 2028, and borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility which matures in 2022 (subject to a springing maturity date of June 15, 2020 if the 7.50% Senior Notes have not been refinanced on or prior to such time).
(2)Cash interest on senior notes and other long-term debt includes cash payments for interest on the 7.50% Senior Notes due 2020, the 6.25% Senior Notes due 2023, the 8.25% Senior Notes due 2025 and other long-term debt due 2028.
(3)Cash interest on our revolving credit facility was calculated using the weighted average interest rate of the outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 of 3.45%4.24%. Commitment fees on our revolving credit facility were calculated based on the unused portion of lender commitments as of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, at the applicable commitment fee rate of 0.375%0.50%.
(4)Drilling rig contracts represent gross contractual obligations and accordingly, other joint owners in the properties operated by us will generally be billed for their working interest share of such costs.
(5)Delivery commitments represent contractual obligations we have entered into for certain gathering, processing and transportation throughput commitments, some ofservice agreements which require delivery of a minimum volumevolumes of natural gas and NGLs. We may incur volume deficiency fees from time to time if we elect to voluntarily curtail production due to market or operational considerations.be delivered. The amounts in the table above reflect the aggregate undiscounted deficiency fees assuming no delivery of any natural gas and NGLs.gas.
(6)Produced water disposal commitments represent contractual obligations we have entered into for certain service agreements which require minimum volumes of produced water to be delivered. The amounts in the table above reflect the aggregate undiscounted deficiency fees assuming no delivery of any produced water.
(7)
Asset retirement obligations and other are based on estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018. Certain of such estimates and assumptions are inherently unpredictable and will differ from actual results.
(8)In connection with the ExL Acquisition, we have agreed to a contingent payment of $50.0 million per year if crude oil prices exceed specified thresholds for each of the years of 2018 through 2021 with a cap of $125.0 million, which is not included in the table above.
Financing Arrangements
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility
We have a senior secured revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks that, as of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, had a borrowing base of $837.5$830.0 million, with an elected commitment amount of $800.0 million, with $215.6and $421.7 million of borrowings outstanding at a weighted average interest rate of 3.45% and $0.4 million in4.24%. As of March 31, 2018, we had no letters of credit outstanding.outstanding, which reduce the amounts available under the revolving credit facility. The credit agreement governing our senior secured revolving credit facility provides for interest-only payments until May 4, 2022, when the credit agreement matures (subject to a springing maturity date of June 15, 2020 if the 7.50% Senior Notes have not been refinanced on or prior to such time) and any outstanding borrowings are due.
Upon issuanceOn January 31, 2018, as a result of the 8.25% Senior Notes (described below),divestiture in accordance with the credit agreement governingEagle Ford Shale, the borrowing base under the senior secured revolving credit facility our borrowing base was reduced by 25% of the aggregate principal amount of the 8.25% Senior Notes, reducing the borrowing base from $900.0 million to $837.5 million. As a result of$830.0 million, however, the Fall 2017 borrowing base redetermination, the borrowing base was established at $900.0 million, with an elected commitment amount ofremained unchanged at $800.0 million, until the next redetermination thereof. The calculation of the Fall 2017 borrowing base was supported solely by the reserves of our Eagle Ford and Delaware Basin assets. The borrowing base under our credit agreement is subject to regular redeterminations in the spring and fall of each year, as well as special redeterminations described in the credit agreement, which in each case may reduce the amount of the borrowing base.
On May 4, 2017, we entered into a ninth amendment to our credit agreement governing the revolving credit facility to, among other things, extend the maturity date, increase the maximum credit amount, and increase the borrowing base. On June 28, 2017, we entered into a tenth amendment to the credit agreement governing the revolving credit facility to, among other things, amend certain financial and restricted payments covenants as well as amend certain definitions. On November 3, 2017, we entered into

an eleventh amendment to the credit agreement governing the revolving credit facility to, among other things establish the borrowing base at $900.0 million, with an elected commitment amount of $800.0 million, and increase the general basket available for restricted payments.million.
See “Note 6. Long-Term Debt” for additional details of the ninth and tenth amendments, rates of interest on outstanding borrowings, commitment fees on the unused portion of lender commitments, and the financial covenants we are subject to under the terms of the credit agreement. SeeIn addition,

see “Note 14. Subsequent Events��Events” for additional details of the eleventh amendment.twelfth amendment that was entered into in May 2018 which, among other things, established the borrowing base at $1.0 billion, with an elected commitment amount of $900.0 million.
Preferred Stock Purchase AgreementRedemptions of 7.50% Senior Notes
On June 28, 2017,January 19, 2018, we entered intodelivered a Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement withnotice of redemption to the GSO Fundstrustee for our 7.50% Senior Notes to issuecall for redemption on February 18, 2018, $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 7.50% Senior Notes. On February 20, 2018, we paid an aggregate redemption price of $105.1 million, which included a redemption premium of $1.9 million as well as accrued and sell inunpaid interest of $3.2 million from the last interest payment date up to, but not including, the redemption date. As a private placement (i) $250.0result of the redemption of $100.0 million (250,000 shares)of the 7.50% Senior Notes, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.7 million.
On January 31, 2018, we delivered a notice of redemption to the trustee for our 7.50% Senior Notes to call for redemption on March 2, 2018, $220.0 million aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 7.50% Senior Notes. On March 2, 2018, we paid an aggregate redemption price of $231.8 million, which includes a redemption premium of $4.1 million as well as accrued and unpaid interest of $7.7 million from the last interest payment date up to, but not including, the redemption date. As a result of the redemption of $220.0 million of the 7.50% Senior Notes, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $6.0 million.
Redemption of Preferred Stock and (ii) Warrants
On January 19, 2018, we provided a notice to be delivered to the holders of our Preferred Stock under which it called for 2,750,000redemption of 50,000 shares of our common stock, with a termPreferred Stock, representing 20% of ten yearsthe issued and an exercise priceoutstanding Preferred Stock, on January 24, 2018. We paid $50.5 million on January 24, 2018 upon redemption, which consisted of $16.08 per share, for a cash purchase price equal to $970.00$1,000.00 per share of Preferred Stock purchased. We paid the GSO Funds $5.0 million as a commitment fee upon signing the Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement. The closing of the private placement occurred on August 10, 2017 contemporaneouslyredeemed, plus accrued and unpaid dividends, with the closing of the ExL Acquisition. We received net proceeds of approximately $236.4 million, net of issuance costs, from the issuance and sale of the Preferred Stock, which were used to fund a portion of the purchase priceproceeds from the divestitures of the ExL Acquisition.oil and gas properties. See “Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of Oil and Gas Properties” for further details of the ExL Acquisitiondivestitures of oil and “Note 8. Preferred Stock” for further details regardinggas properties. As a result of the Preferred Stock and Warrants.redemption, we recorded a loss on redemption of preferred stock of $7.1 million.
Common Stock OfferingRedemption of Other Long-Term Debt
On July 3, 2017,April 2, 2018, we completeddelivered a public offeringnotice of 15.6 million shares ofredemption to the trustee for our common stock at a price per share of $14.28. We used the net proceeds of $222.4 million, net of offering costs, to fund a portion of the purchase price for the ExL Acquisition and for general corporate purposes.
8.25%4.375% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025
On July 14, 2017, we closed a public offering of $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.25% Senior Notes due 2025. The 8.25% Senior Notes mature2028 to call for redemption on July 15, 2025 and have interest payable semi-annually each January 15 and July 15. We used the net proceeds of $245.4 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering costs, to fund a portionMay 3, 2018 all of the purchaseremaining outstanding convertible senior notes. On May 3, 2018, we paid an aggregate redemption price for the ExL Acquisition and for general corporate purposes. See “Note 6. Long-Term Debt” for further details regarding the 8.25% Senior Notes.
7.50% Senior Notes due 2020
We have the rightof $4.5 million, which consisted of a redemption price of $4.4 million, equal to redeem all or a portion100% of the principal amount of the 7.50% Senior Notes at redemption prices of 101.875% until September 14, 2018 and 100% beginning September 15, 2018 and thereafter, in each casenotes redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest. In connection with anyinterest of $0.1 million from the last interest payment date up to, but not including, the redemption or repurchase of notes, we could enter into other transactions, which include refinancing of the 7.50% Senior Notes.date.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods reported. Certain of such estimates and assumptions are inherently unpredictable and will differ from actual results. We have identified the following critical accounting policies and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements: use of estimates, oil and gas properties, oil and gas reserve estimates, derivative instruments, contingent consideration, income taxes, commitments and contingencies and preferred stock. These policies and estimates other than contingent consideration and preferred stock, are described in “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 20162017 Annual Report. See “Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures of Oil and Gas Properties”, “Note 8. Preferred Stock”, “Note 10. Derivative Instruments” and “Note 11. Fair Value Measurements” for details of the contingent consideration and preferred stock. We evaluate subsequent events through the date the financial statements are issued.

The table below presents various pricing scenarios to demonstrate the sensitivity of our September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 cost center ceiling to changes in 12-monththe average benchmarkrealized prices for sales of crude oil, NGLs, and natural gas prices underlyingon the first calendar day of each month during the 12-month period prior to the end of the current quarter (“12-Month Average Realized Prices.Price”). The sensitivity analysis is as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and, accordingly, does not consider drilling and completion activity, acquisitions or dispositionsdivestitures of oil and gas properties, production, changes in crude oil and natural gas prices, and changes in development and operating costs occurring subsequent to September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 that may require revisions to estimates of proved reserves.
 12-Month Average Realized Prices Excess of cost center ceiling over net book value, less related deferred income taxes Increase (decrease) of cost center ceiling over net book value, less related deferred income taxes 12-Month Average Realized Prices Excess of cost center ceiling over net book value, less related deferred income taxes Increase (decrease) of cost center ceiling over net book value, less related deferred income taxes
Full Cost Pool Scenarios Crude Oil ($/Bbl) Natural Gas ($/Mcf)  (In millions) (In millions) Crude Oil ($/Bbl) Natural Gas ($/Mcf)  (In millions) (In millions)
September 30, 2017 Actual $47.74 $2.41 $457 
March 31, 2018 Actual $52.89 $2.84 $1,060 
  
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Price Sensitivity  
Crude Oil and Natural Gas +10% $52.72 $2.72 $920 $463 $58.24 $3.15 $1,502 $442
Crude Oil and Natural Gas -10% $42.77 $2.08 $— ($457) $47.53 $2.53 $516 ($544)
  
Crude Oil Price Sensitivity  
Crude Oil +10% $52.72 $2.41 $858 $401 $58.24 $2.84 $1,461 $401
Crude Oil -10% $42.77 $2.41 $62 ($395) $47.53 $2.84 $567 ($493)
  
Natural Gas Price Sensitivity  
Natural Gas +10% $47.74 $2.72 $519 $62 $52.89 $3.15 $1,099 $39
Natural Gas -10% $47.74 $2.08 $395 ($62) $52.89 $2.53 $1,020 ($40)
Income Taxes
Income taxes are recognized based on earnings reported for tax return purposes in addition to a provision for deferred income taxes. Deferred income taxes are recognized at the end of each reporting period for the future tax consequences of cumulative temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in our financial statements based on existing tax laws and enacted statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the temporary differences are expected to affect taxable income. We assess the realizability of our deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis by considering whether it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We consider all available evidence (both positive and negative) when determining whether a valuation allowance is required. In making this assessment, we evaluated possible sources of taxable income that may be available to realize the benefit of deferred tax assets, including projected future taxable income, the reversal of existing temporary differences, taxable income in carryback years and available tax planning strategies.
A significant item of objective negative evidence considered was the cumulative historical three year pre-tax loss and a net deferred tax asset position at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, driven primarily by the impairments of proved oil and gas properties beginning in the third quarter of 2015 and continuing through the third quarter of 2016, which limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence such as our potential for future growth. Beginning in the third quarter of 2015, and continuing through the thirdfirst quarter of 2017,2018, we concluded that it was more likely than not the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As a result, the net deferred tax assets at the end of each quarter, including September 30,March 31, 2018, the Company determined a valuation allowance was required.
For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company reduced the valuation allowance by $8.4 million due to a partial release as a result of current period activity. After the impact of the partial release, the valuation allowance as of March 31, 2018 was $324.6 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, were reduced to zero.
Asas a result of adopting ASU 2016-09, we recognized previously unrecognized windfall tax benefits which resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of approximately $15.7 million. This adjustment increased deferred tax assets, which in turn increased the valuation allowance by the same amount as of the beginning of 2017, resulting in a net cumulative- effectcumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of zero and brought the valuation allowance to $580.1zero. This increase was more than offset by a partial release of $17.4 million as of January 1, 2017.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily as a result of current activity a partial releaseduring the first quarter of $3.3 million and $41.6 million, respectively, from the valuation allowance was needed to bring the net deferred tax assets to zero. After the impact of the partial release, the valuation allowance as of September 30, 2017 was $538.5 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded additional valuation allowances of $36.7 million and $240.9 million, respectively, primarily as a result of the impairments of proved oil and gas properties recognized discussed above.2017.
We will continue to evaluate whether the valuation allowance is needed in future reporting periods. The valuation allowance will remain until we can conclude that the net deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized. Future events or new

evidence which may lead us to conclude that it is more likely than not our net deferred tax assets will be realized include, but are not limited to, cumulative historical pre-tax earnings, improvements in crude oil prices, and taxable events that could result from

one or more transactions. The valuation allowance does not preclude us from utilizing the tax attributes if we recognize taxable income. As long as we continue to conclude that the valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets is necessary, we will have no significant deferred income tax expense or benefit.
As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, we have estimated U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards of $913.1 million.$1.2 billion. Our ability to utilize these U.S. loss carryforwards to reduce future taxable income is subject to various limitations under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The utilization of such carryforwards may be limited upon the occurrence of certain ownership changes, including the purchase or sale of stock by 5% shareholders and the offering of stock by us during any three-year period resulting in an aggregate change of more than 50% in our beneficial ownership. In the event of an ownership change, Section 382 of the Code imposes an annual limitation on the amount of our taxable income that can be offset by these carryforwards. The limitation is generally equal to the product of (a) the fair market value of our equity multiplied by (b) a percentage approximately equivalent to the yield on long-term tax exempt bonds during the month in which an ownership change occurs. In addition, the limitation is increased if there are recognized built-in gains during any post-change year, but only to the extent of any net unrealized built-in gains inherent in the assets sold.
Due to the issuance of the Preferred Stock and the common stock offeringofferings associated with the ExL Acquisition in 2017, our calculated ownership change percentage increased, however, as of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, we do not believe we have a Section 382 limitation on the ability to utilize our U.S. loss carryforwards. Future equity transactions involving us or 5% shareholders of us (including, potentially, relatively small transactions and transactions beyond our control) could cause further ownership changes and therefore a limitation on the annual utilization of the U.S. loss carryforwards.
We classify interest and penalties associated with income taxes as interest expense. We follow the tax law ordering approach to determine the sequence in which deferred tax assets and other tax attributes are utilized.
Recently Adopted and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
See “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for discussion of our recent adoption of ASU 2016-09the pronouncements we recently adopted as well as the recently issued accounting pronouncements from the Financial Accounting Standards Board.
Volatility of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Prices
Our revenues, future rate of growth, results of operations, financial position and ability to borrow funds or obtain additional capital are substantially dependent upon prevailing prices of crude oil, which are affected by changes in market supply and demand, overall economic activity, global political environment, weather, inventory storage levels and other factors, as well as the level and prices at which we have hedged our future production.
We review the carrying value of our oil and gas properties on a quarterly basis under the full cost method of accounting. See “Note 4. Property and Equipment, Net” for additional details.
We use commodity derivative instruments to reduce our exposure to commodity price volatility for a portion of our forecasted production and thereby achieve a more predictable level of cash flows to support our drilling, completion, and completioninfrastructure capital expenditure program. We do not enter into derivative instruments for speculative or trading purposes. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, our commodity derivative instruments consisted of fixed price swaps, basis swaps, three-way collars and purchased and sold call options. See “Note 10. Derivative Instruments” for further details of our crude oil, NGL and natural gas derivative positions as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and “Note 14. Subsequent Events” for further details of theour crude oil derivative positions entered into subsequent to September 30, 2017.March 31, 2018.
We determined that the Contingent ExL Payment isConsideration, the Contingent Utica Consideration, the Contingent Marcellus Consideration, and the Contingent Niobrara Consideration are not clearly and closely related to the purchase and sale agreement for the ExL Properties,applicable acquisition or divestiture, and therefore bifurcated thisthese embedded featurefeatures and reflected the liabilityassociated assets and liabilities at fair value in the consolidated financial statements. The fair valuevalues of the contingent consideration waswere determined by a third-party valuation specialist using a Monte Carlo simulationsimulations including significant inputs such as future commodity prices, volatility factors for the future commodity prices and a risk adjusted discount rate. Gains and losses as a result of changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognized as “(Gain) loss on derivatives, net” in the consolidated statements of income in the period in which the changes occur. See “Note 10. Derivative Instruments” and “Note 11. Fair Value Measurements” for further details.

The following table sets forth the fair values as of March 31, 2018 as well as the impact on the fair values assuming a 10% increase and a 10% decrease in the respective commodity prices:
  Contingent ExL Consideration Contingent Utica Consideration Contingent Marcellus Consideration Contingent Niobrara Consideration
  (In thousands)
Potential (payment) receipt per year 
($50,000) 
$5,000
 
$3,000
 
$5,000
Maximum potential (payment) receipt 
($125,000) 
$15,000
 
$7,500
 
$15,000
         
Fair value as of March 31, 2018 
($91,455) 
$9,005
 
$1,735
 
$8,265
10% increase in commodity price (98,525) 10,055
 2,885
 9,625
10% decrease in commodity price (80,805) 7,650
 970
 6,145
Forward-Looking Statements
This quarterly report contains statements concerning our intentions, expectations, projections, assessments of risks, estimations, beliefs, plans or predictions for the future, objectives, goals, strategies, future events or performance and underlying assumptions and other statements that are not historical facts. These statements are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, among others, statements regarding:

our growth strategies;
our ability to explore for and develop oil and gas resources successfully and economically;
our estimates and forecasts of the timing, number, profitability and other results of wells we expect to drill and other exploration activities;
our estimates, guidance and forecasts, including those regarding timing and levels of production;
changes in working capital requirements, reserves, and acreage;
commodity price risk management activities and the impact on our average realized prices;
anticipated trends in our business;
availability of pipeline connections and water disposal on economic terms;
effects of competition on us;
our future results of operations;
profitability of drilling locations;
our liquidity and our ability to finance our exploration and development activities, including accessibility of borrowings under our revolving credit facility, our borrowing base, modification to financial covenants, and the result of any borrowing base redetermination;
our planned expenditures, prospects and capital expenditure plan;
future market conditions in the oil and gas industry;
our ability to make, integrate and develop acquisitions including the ExL Acquisition (as described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q) and realize any expected benefits or effects of any acquisitions or the timing, final purchase price, financing or consummation of any acquisitions including the ExL Acquisition;
results of the ExL Properties;
our use of proceeds from our recent equity and senior notes offerings;
possible future divestitures or other disposition transactions and the proceeds, results or benefits of any such transactions, including the timing thereof;
the benefits, effects, availability of and results of new and existing joint ventures and sales transactions;
our ability to maintain a sound financial position;
receipt of receivables and proceeds from divestitures;

our ability to complete planned transactions on desirable terms;
the impact of governmental regulation, taxes, market changes and world events; andevents.
You generally can identify our forward-looking statements by the words “anticipate,” “believe,” budgeted,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “objective,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “projection,” “possible,” “scheduled,” “should,” “guidance” or other similar words. Such statements rely on assumptions and involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to, those relating to a worldwide economic downturn, availability of financing, our dependence on our exploratory drilling activities, the volatility of and changes in oil and gas prices, the need to replace reserves depleted by production, impairments of proved oil and gas properties, operating risks of oil and gas operations, our dependence on our key personnel, factors that affect our ability to manage our growth and achieve our business strategy, results, delays and uncertainties that may be encountered in drilling, development or production, interpretations and impact of oil and gas reserve estimation and disclosure requirements, activities and approvals of our partners and parties with whom we have alliances, technological changes, capital requirements, the timing and amount of borrowing base determinations (including determinations by lenders) and availability under our revolving credit facility, evaluations of us by lenders under our revolving credit facility, waivers or amendments under our revolving credit facility in connection with acquisitions, including the ExL Acquisition, other actions by lenders and holders of our capital stock, the potential impact of government regulations, including current and proposed legislation and regulations related to hydraulic fracturing, oil and natural gas drilling, air emissions and climate change, regulatory determinations, litigation, competition, the uncertainty of reserve information and future net revenue estimates, failure to realize the anticipated benefits of the ExL Acquisition, market conditions and other factors affecting our ability to pay dividends on or redeem the Preferred Stock, integration and other acquisition risks, other factors affecting our ability to

reach agreements or complete acquisitions or dispositions, actions by sellers and buyers, effects of purchase price adjustments, availability of equipment and crews, actions by midstream and other industry participants, weather, our ability to obtain permits and licenses, the results of audits and assessments, the failure to obtain certain bank and lease consents, the existence and resolution of title defects, new taxes and impact fees, delays, costs and difficulties relating to our joint ventures, actions by joint venture parties, results of exploration activities, the availability, market conditions and completion of land acquisitions and dispositions, costs of oilfield services, completion and connection of wells, and other factors detailed in this quarterly report.
We have based our forward-looking statements on our management’s beliefs and assumptions based on information available to our management at the time the statements are made. We caution you that assumptions, beliefs, expectations, intentions and projections about future events may and often do vary materially from actual results. Therefore, we cannot assure you that actual results will not differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements.
Some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed or implied in forward-looking statements are described under “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” and other sections of our 20162017 Annual Report and in our other filings with the SEC, including this quarterly report. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual outcomes may vary materially from those indicated. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by reference to these risks and uncertainties. You should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Each forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of the particular statement, and, except as required by law, we undertake no duty to update or revise any forward-looking statement.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
For information regarding our exposure to certain market risks, see “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” ofin our 20162017 Annual Report. Except as disclosed in this report, there have been no material changes from the disclosure made in our 20162017 Annual Report regarding our exposure to certain market risks.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, which have been designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. They concluded that the controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports it files under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. While our disclosure controls and procedures provide reasonable assurance that the appropriate information will be available on a timely basis, this assurance is subject to limitations inherent in any control system, no matter how well it may be designed or administered.

Changes in Internal Controls. There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Part II. Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, the Company is party to certain legal actions and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these events cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not currently expect these matters to have a materially adverse effect on the financial position or results of operations of the Company.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Except as disclosed below, thereThere were no material changes to the factors discussed in “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2017.
A future issuance, sale or exchange of our stock or warrants could trigger a limitation on our ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards.
Our ability to utilize U.S. net operating loss carryforwards to reduce future taxable income is subject to various limitations under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The utilization of such carryforwards may be limited under Section 382 of the Code upon the occurrence of ownership changes resulting from issuances of our stock or the sale or exchange

of our stock by certain shareholders if, as a result, there is an aggregate change of more than 50% in the beneficial ownership of our stock during any three-year period. For this purpose, “stock” includes certain preferred stock and warrants (including the Preferred Stock and the Warrants issued to finance in part, the ExL Acquisition). In the event of such an ownership change, Section 382 of the Code imposes an annual limitation on the amount of our taxable income that can be offset by these loss carryforwards. The limitation is generally equal to the product of (a) the fair market value of our equity multiplied by (b) a percentage approximately equivalent to the yield on long-term tax exempt bonds during the month in which an ownership change occurs. In addition, the limitation is increased if there are recognized built-in gains during any post-change year, but only to the extent of any net unrealized built-in gains inherent in the assets sold. Future issuances, sales or exchanges of our stock could, taken together with prior transactions with respect to our stock, trigger an ownership change under Section 382 of the Code and therefore a limitation on our ability to utilize our U.S. loss carryforwards. Any such limitation could cause some of such loss carryforwards to expire before we would be able to utilize them to reduce taxable income in future periods, possibly resulting in a substantial income tax expense or write down of our tax assets or both.
Holders of the Preferred Stock have rights that may restrict our ability to operate our business or be adverse to holders of our common stock.
The Statement of Resolutions Establishing Series of 8.875% Redeemable Preferred Stock of Carrizo Oil & Gas, Inc. (the “Statement of Resolutions”) contains covenants that, among other things, so long as the GSO Funds and their affiliates beneficially own more than 50% of the outstanding Preferred Stock, limit our ability to, without the written consent of a designated representative of the Preferred Stock, but subject to certain exceptions, (i) issue stock senior to or on parity with the Preferred Stock, (ii) incur indebtedness that would cause us to exceed a specified leverage ratio, (iii) amend, modify, alter or supplement our articles of incorporation or the Statement of Resolutions in a manner that would adversely affect the rights, preferences or privileges of the Preferred Stock, (iv) enter into or amend certain debt agreements that would be more restrictive on the payment of dividends on, or redemption of, the Preferred Stock than those existing on the Preferred Stock closing and (v) pay distributions on, purchase or redeem our common stock or other stock junior to the Preferred Stock that would cause us to exceed a specified leverage ratio. We can be required to redeem the Preferred Stock (i) after the seventh anniversary of its initial issuance or (ii) at any time we fail to pay a dividend, subject to limited cure rights.
Holders of the Preferred Stock will, in certain circumstances, have additional rights in the event we fail to timely pay dividends, fail to redeem the Preferred Stock upon a change of control if required or fail to redeem the Preferred Stock upon request of the holders of the Preferred Stock following the seventh anniversary of the date of issuing the Preferred Stock. These rights include, subject to certain exceptions, (i) that holders of a majority of the then-outstanding Preferred Stock will have the exclusive right, voting separately as a class, to appoint and elect up to two directors to our board of directors, (ii) that approval of the holders of a majority of the then-outstanding Preferred Stock will be required prior to incurring indebtedness subject to a leverage ratio, declaring or paying prohibited distributions or issuing equity of subsidiaries to third parties; and (iii) that holders of a majority of the then-outstanding Preferred Stock will have the right to increase dividend payments and the ability to require us to pay dividends in common stock.
Holders of the Preferred Stock also have limited voting rights, including those with respect to potential amendments to our articles of incorporation or the Statement of Resolutions that have an adverse effect on the existing terms of the Preferred Stock and in certain other limited circumstances or as required by law.Report.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The information regarding the private placement of the Preferred Stock and Warrants set forth in “Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this report is incorporated by reference into this Part II. Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds. Such private placement was made in reliance upon an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) thereof. To the extent that any shares of common stock are issued upon exercise of the Warrants by a Warrant holder, they will be issued in transactions anticipated to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act by virtue of Section 3(a)(9) thereof. The maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the Warrants is 2,750,000.None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.

Item 6. Exhibits
The following exhibits are required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K and are filed as part of this report: 
Exhibit
Number
  Exhibit Description
3.1†+2.1
4.1
4.2*10.1
10.1
10.2
*10.3
*31.1
*31.2
*32.1
*32.2
*101Interactive Data Files
 
Incorporated by reference as indicated.
*Filed herewith.
+Schedules to this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b) of Regulation S-K; a copy of the omitted schedules will be furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission supplementally upon request.



Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
   
Carrizo Oil & Gas, Inc.
(Registrant)
     
Date:November 8, 2017May 9, 2018 By:/s/ David L. Pitts
    
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
    
Date:November 8, 2017May 9, 2018 By:/s/ Gregory F. Conaway
    
Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)

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