UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 20202021

OR
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission file number 0-24531
 csgp-20210930_g1.jpg
CoStar Group, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware52-2091509
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1331 L Street, NW
Washington,DC20005
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(202) 346-6500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock ($0.01 par value)CSGPNasdaq Global Select Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes x  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filerxAccelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer  ☐Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐


 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No x

As of October 23, 2020,22, 2021, there were 39,418,077394,935,769 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.





COSTAR GROUP, INC.
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION 
Item 1. 
4
4
5
  
6
7
  
9
  
10
Item 2. 
3134
Item 3. 
4951
Item 4. 
5052
PART II OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. 
5153
Item 1A. 
5153
Item 2. 
5254
Item 3. 
5254
Item 4. 
5254
Item 5. 
5254
Item 6. 
5355
Signatures 
5456

3

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.Financial Statements

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)

Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920202019 2021202020212020
RevenuesRevenues$425,620 $352,808 $1,214,626 $1,024,993 Revenues$499,319 $425,620 $1,437,349 $1,214,626 
Cost of revenuesCost of revenues77,865 71,172 230,814 214,243 Cost of revenues92,597 77,865 270,911 230,814 
Gross profitGross profit347,755 281,636 983,812 810,750 Gross profit406,722 347,755 1,166,438 983,812 
Operating expenses:Operating expenses:    Operating expenses:  
Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization)Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization)146,634 101,582 402,202 308,751 Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization)180,055 146,634 483,354 402,202 
Software developmentSoftware development40,732 32,639 121,343 89,022 Software development53,143 40,732 148,500 121,343 
General and administrativeGeneral and administrative65,322 45,530 181,598 127,943 General and administrative64,671 65,322 186,747 181,598 
Customer base amortizationCustomer base amortization18,258 7,616 44,677 22,473 Customer base amortization19,121 18,258 55,885 44,677 
270,946 187,367 749,820 548,189 316,990 270,946 874,486 749,820 
Income from operationsIncome from operations76,809 94,269 233,992 262,561 Income from operations89,732 76,809 291,952 233,992 
Interest (expense) income(7,537)4,414 (9,482)13,304 
Other (expense) income(338)240 29 779 
Interest expense, netInterest expense, net(7,943)(7,537)(23,698)(9,482)
Other income (expense)Other income (expense)1,546 (338)2,343 29 
Income before income taxesIncome before income taxes68,934 98,923 224,539 276,644 Income before income taxes83,335 68,934 270,597 224,539 
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense10,748 20,304 33,200 49,608 Income tax expense19,031 10,748 70,933 33,200 
Net incomeNet income$58,186 $78,619 $191,339 $227,036 Net income$64,304 $58,186 $199,664 $191,339 
Net income per share - basic(1)Net income per share - basic(1)$1.49 $2.16 $5.07 $6.26 Net income per share - basic(1)$0.16 $0.15 $0.51 $0.51 
Net income per share - diluted(1)Net income per share - diluted(1)$1.48 $2.15 $5.04 $6.20 Net income per share - diluted(1)$0.16 $0.15 $0.51 $0.50 
Weighted-average outstanding shares - basic(1)Weighted-average outstanding shares - basic(1)39,159 36,333 37,718 36,293 Weighted-average outstanding shares - basic(1)392,419 391,586 392,101 377,177 
Weighted-average outstanding shares - diluted(1)Weighted-average outstanding shares - diluted(1)39,401 36,652 37,970 36,615 Weighted-average outstanding shares - diluted(1)394,295 394,013 394,036 379,704 
____________________________________________________
(1) Prior period amounts have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the 10-for-one stock split effected in the form of a stock dividend in June 2021. See Note 2 for details.

See accompanying notes.

4

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20202019202020192021202020212020
Net incomeNet income$58,186 $78,619 $191,339 $227,036 Net income$64,304 $58,186 $199,664 $191,339 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxOther comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustmentForeign currency translation adjustment7,535 (2,161)(4,551)(2,548)Foreign currency translation adjustment(6,229)7,535 (4,380)(4,551)
Unrealized gain on investmentsUnrealized gain on investments0 0 189 0 Unrealized gain on investments— — — 189 
Reclassification adjustment for realized loss on investments included in net incomeReclassification adjustment for realized loss on investments included in net income0 0 541 0 Reclassification adjustment for realized loss on investments included in net income— — — 541 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)7,535 (2,161)(3,821)(2,548)
Total other comprehensive (loss) incomeTotal other comprehensive (loss) income(6,229)7,535 (4,380)(3,821)
Total comprehensive incomeTotal comprehensive income$65,721 $76,458 $187,518 $224,488 Total comprehensive income$58,075 $65,721 $195,284 $187,518 
See accompanying notes.

5

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

September 30,
2020		December 31,
2019		September 30,
2021		December 31,
2020
ASSETSASSETS ASSETS 
Current assets:Current assets:  Current assets:  
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$3,867,805 $1,070,731 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$3,761,587 $3,755,912 
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable119,219 96,788 Accounts receivable128,700 119,059 
Less: Allowance for credit lossesLess: Allowance for credit losses(14,205)(4,548)Less: Allowance for credit losses(13,049)(15,110)
Accounts receivable, netAccounts receivable, net105,014 92,240 Accounts receivable, net115,651 103,949 
Prepaid expenses and other current assetsPrepaid expenses and other current assets34,414 36,194 Prepaid expenses and other current assets37,599 28,651 
Total current assetsTotal current assets4,007,233 1,199,165 Total current assets3,914,837 3,888,512 
Long-term investments0 10,070 
Deferred income taxes, netDeferred income taxes, net3,891 5,408 Deferred income taxes, net1,975 4,983 
Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment, net127,280 107,529 Property and equipment, net238,866 126,325 
Lease right-of-use assetsLease right-of-use assets106,320 115,084 Lease right-of-use assets105,964 108,740 
GoodwillGoodwill2,015,079 1,882,020 Goodwill2,293,514 2,235,999 
Intangible assets, netIntangible assets, net414,608 421,196 Intangible assets, net447,900 426,745 
Deferred commission costs, netDeferred commission costs, net93,006 89,374 Deferred commission costs, net96,303 93,274 
Deposits and other assetsDeposits and other assets15,102 9,232 Deposits and other assets16,971 15,856 
Income tax receivableIncome tax receivable14,806 14,908 Income tax receivable14,986 14,986 
Total assetsTotal assets$6,797,325 $3,853,986 Total assets$7,131,316 $6,915,420 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYLIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  
Current liabilities:Current liabilities:  Current liabilities:  
Accounts payableAccounts payable$20,266 $7,640 Accounts payable$17,487 $15,732 
Accrued wages and commissionsAccrued wages and commissions63,341 53,087 Accrued wages and commissions82,905 80,998 
Accrued expensesAccrued expenses54,753 38,680 Accrued expenses86,788 110,305 
Income taxes payableIncome taxes payable256 10,705 Income taxes payable11,828 16,316 
Lease liabilitiesLease liabilities31,494 29,670 Lease liabilities29,878 32,648 
Deferred revenueDeferred revenue75,001 67,274 Deferred revenue92,631 74,851 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities245,111 207,056 Total current liabilities321,517 330,850 
Long-term debt, netLong-term debt, net986,413 0 Long-term debt, net987,633 986,715 
Deferred income taxes, netDeferred income taxes, net97,022 87,096 Deferred income taxes, net83,399 72,991 
Income taxes payableIncome taxes payable21,114 20,521 Income taxes payable26,188 25,282 
Lease and other long-term liabilitiesLease and other long-term liabilities129,607 133,720 Lease and other long-term liabilities109,156 124,223 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities1,479,267 448,393 Total liabilities1,527,893 1,540,061 
Total stockholders' equityTotal stockholders' equity$5,318,058 $3,405,593 Total stockholders' equity5,603,423 5,375,359 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equityTotal liabilities and stockholders’ equity$6,797,325 $3,853,986 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$7,131,316 $6,915,420 
See accompanying notes.
6

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Common StockAdditional
Paid-In Capital		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss		Retained
Earnings		Total
Stockholders’
Equity		Common Stock
Additional
Paid-In Capital(1)
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive (Loss) Income		Retained
Earnings		Total
Stockholders’
Equity
SharesAmount
Shares(1)
Amount(1)
Balance at December 31, 201936,668 $366 $2,473,338 $(8,585)$940,474 $3,405,593 
Balance at December 31, 2020Balance at December 31, 2020394,285 $3,943 $4,204,703 $(889)$1,167,602 $5,375,359 
Net incomeNet income— — — — 72,793 72,793 Net income— — — — 74,212 74,212 
Other comprehensive loss— — — (12,219)— (12,219)
Exercise of stock options41 1 9,232 — — 9,233 
Restricted stock grants83 1 (1)— — — 
Restricted stock grants surrendered(56)(1)(30,144)— — (30,145)
Stock-based compensation expense— — 15,006 — — 15,006 
Employee stock purchase plan4 — 2,550 — — 2,550 
Balance at March 31, 202036,740 $367 $2,469,981 $(20,804)$1,013,267 $3,462,811 
Net income— — — — 60,360 60,360 
Other comprehensive incomeOther comprehensive income— — — 863 — 863 Other comprehensive income— — — 323 — 323 
Exercise of stock optionsExercise of stock options11 — 2,924 — — 2,924 Exercise of stock options206 2 6,339 — — 6,341 
Restricted stock grantsRestricted stock grants11 — — — — — Restricted stock grants766 8 (7)— — 1 
Restricted stock grants surrenderedRestricted stock grants surrendered(17)— (3,509)— — (3,509)Restricted stock grants surrendered(358)(4)(27,663)— — (27,667)
Stock-based compensation expenseStock-based compensation expense— — 8,609 — — 8,609 Stock-based compensation expense— — 15,264 — — 15,264 
Employee stock purchase planEmployee stock purchase plan4 — 2,292 — — 2,292 Employee stock purchase plan36 — 3,092 — — 3,092 
Balance at March 31, 2021Balance at March 31, 2021394,935 $3,949 $4,201,728 $(566)$1,241,814 $5,446,925 
Net incomeNet income— — — — 61,148 61,148 
Other comprehensive incomeOther comprehensive income— — — 1,526 — 1,526 
Stock issued for equity offerings, net of transaction costs2,634 26 1,689,945 — — 1,689,971 
Balance at June 30, 202039,383 $393 $4,170,242 $(19,941)$1,073,627 $5,224,321 
Restricted stock grantsRestricted stock grants50 — — — — — 
Restricted stock grants surrenderedRestricted stock grants surrendered(75)(1)(737)— — (738)
Stock-based compensation expenseStock-based compensation expense— — 14,811 — — 14,811 
Employee stock purchase planEmployee stock purchase plan41 — 3,555 — — 3,555 
Balance at June 30, 2021Balance at June 30, 2021394,951 $3,948 $4,219,357 $960 $1,302,962 $5,527,227 
Net incomeNet income— — — — 58,186 58,186 Net income— — — — 64,304 64,304 
Other comprehensive incomeOther comprehensive income— — — 7,535 — 7,535 Other comprehensive income— — — (6,229)(6,229)
Exercise of stock options44 — 9,714 — — 9,714 
Restricted stock grantsRestricted stock grants3 — — — — — Restricted stock grants35 — — — — — 
Restricted stock grants surrenderedRestricted stock grants surrendered(3)— (398)— — (398)Restricted stock grants surrendered(61)(1)(900)— — (901)
Stock-based compensation expenseStock-based compensation expense— — 16,542 — — 16,542 Stock-based compensation expense— — 16,021 — — 16,021 
Employee stock purchase planEmployee stock purchase plan3 — 2,158 — — 2,158 Employee stock purchase plan35 — 3,001 — — 3,001 
Balance at September 30, 202039,430 $393 $4,198,258 $(12,406)$1,131,813 $5,318,058 
Balance at September 30, 2021Balance at September 30, 2021394,960 $3,947 $4,237,479 $(5,269)$1,367,266 $5,603,423 
____________________________________________________
(1) Prior period amounts have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the 10-for-one stock split effected in the form of a stock dividend in June 2021. See Note 2 for details.
See accompanying notes.
7

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

Common StockAdditional
Paid-In Capital		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss		Retained
Earnings		Total
Stockholders’
Equity		Common Stock
Additional
Paid-In Capital(1)
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss		Retained
Earnings		Total
Stockholders’
Equity
SharesAmount
Shares(1)
Amount(1)
Balance at December 31, 201836,446 $364 $2,419,812 $(11,688)$613,454 $3,021,942 
Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting standard, net of tax— — — — 12,057 12,057 
Balance at January 1, 201936,446 $364 $2,419,812 $(11,688)$625,511 $3,033,999 
Net income— — — — 85,169 85,169 
Balance at December 31, 2019Balance at December 31, 2019366,807 $3,668 $2,470,036 $(8,585)$940,474 $3,405,593 
Other comprehensive income— — — 380 — 380 
Exercise of stock options79 1 10,637 — — 10,638 
Restricted stock grants132 1 (1)— — — 
Restricted stock grants surrendered(43)0 (18,679)— — (18,679)
Stock-based compensation expense— — 12,034 — — 12,034 
Management stock purchase plan— — 3,491 — — 3,491 
Employee stock purchase plan4 — 1,582 — — 1,582 
Balance at March 31, 201936,618 $366 $2,428,876 $(11,308)$710,680 $3,128,614 
Net incomeNet income— — — — 63,248 63,248 Net income— — — — 72,793 72,793 
Other comprehensive lossOther comprehensive loss— — — (767)— (767)Other comprehensive loss— — — (12,219)— (12,219)
Exercise of stock optionsExercise of stock options15 0 3,001 — — 3,001 Exercise of stock options406 4 9,229 — — 9,233 
Restricted stock grantsRestricted stock grants4 — — — — — Restricted stock grants830 8 (8)— — — 
Restricted stock grants surrenderedRestricted stock grants surrendered(17)0 (5,546)— — (5,546)Restricted stock grants surrendered(559)(6)(30,139)— — (30,145)
Stock-based compensation expenseStock-based compensation expense— — 13,706 — — 13,706 Stock-based compensation expense— — 15,006 — — 15,006 
Employee stock purchase planEmployee stock purchase plan4 — 1,815 — — 1,815 Employee stock purchase plan40 1 2,549 — — 2,550 
Balance at June 30, 201936,624 $366 $2,441,852 $(12,075)$773,928 $3,204,071 
Balance at March 31, 2020Balance at March 31, 2020367,524 $3,675 $2,466,673 $(20,804)$1,013,267 $3,462,811 
Net incomeNet income— — — — 78,619 78,619 Net income— — $— $— $60,360 $60,360 
Other comprehensive loss— — — (2,161)— (2,161)
Other comprehensive incomeOther comprehensive income— — — 863 — 863 
Exercise of stock optionsExercise of stock options20 0 4,697 — — 4,697 Exercise of stock options109 1 2,923 — — 2,924 
Restricted stock grantsRestricted stock grants8 — — — — — Restricted stock grants107 1 (1)— — — 
Restricted stock grants surrenderedRestricted stock grants surrendered(5)0 (815)— — (815)Restricted stock grants surrendered(172)(2)(3,507)— — (3,509)
Stock-based compensation expenseStock-based compensation expense— — 13,002 — — 13,002 Stock-based compensation expense— — 8,609 — — 8,609 
Employee stock purchase planEmployee stock purchase plan3 — 1,753 — — 1,753 Employee stock purchase plan35 — 2,292 — — 2,292 
Balance at September 30, 201936,650 $366 $2,460,489 $(14,236)$852,547 $3,299,166 
Stock issued for equity offerings, net of transaction costsStock issued for equity offerings, net of transaction costs26,336 263 1,689,708 — — 1,689,971 
Balance at June 30, 2020Balance at June 30, 2020393,939 $3,938 $4,166,697 $(19,941)$1,073,627 $5,224,321 
Net incomeNet income— — — — 58,186 58,186 
Other comprehensive incomeOther comprehensive income— — — 7,535 — 7,535 
Exercise of stock optionsExercise of stock options438 4 9,710 — — 9,714 
Restricted stock grantsRestricted stock grants25 — — — — — 
Restricted stock grants surrenderedRestricted stock grants surrendered(25)— (398)— — (398)
Stock-based compensation expenseStock-based compensation expense— — 16,542 — — 16,542 
Employee stock purchase planEmployee stock purchase plan28 1 2,157 — — 2,158 
Balance at September 30, 2020Balance at September 30, 2020394,405 $3,943 $4,194,708 $(12,406)$1,131,813 $5,318,058 
____________________________________________________
(1) Prior period amounts have been adjusted to reflect the 10-for-one stock split effected in the form of a stock dividend in June 2021. See Note 2 for details.
See accompanying notes.
8

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920212020
Operating activities:Operating activities:  Operating activities:  
Net incomeNet income$191,339 $227,036 Net income$199,664 $191,339 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:  
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization83,911 57,235 Depreciation and amortization102,390 83,911 
Amortization of deferred commissions costsAmortization of deferred commissions costs45,017 39,189 Amortization of deferred commissions costs46,728 45,017 
Amortization of senior notes discount and issuance costs1,082 657 
Amortization of Senior Notes discount and issuance costsAmortization of Senior Notes discount and issuance costs1,742 1,082 
Non-cash lease expenseNon-cash lease expense18,801 16,369 Non-cash lease expense21,118 18,801 
Stock-based compensation expenseStock-based compensation expense40,783 38,984 Stock-based compensation expense46,988 40,783 
Deferred income taxes, netDeferred income taxes, net6,812 13,288 Deferred income taxes, net16,255 6,812 
Credit loss expenseCredit loss expense21,395 7,458 Credit loss expense7,797 21,395 
Other operating activities, netOther operating activities, net(12)0 Other operating activities, net10 (12)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:  Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:  
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable(34,131)(8,797)Accounts receivable(17,715)(34,131)
Income taxes payable(9,838)7,784 
Prepaid expenses and other current assetsPrepaid expenses and other current assets4,145 (754)Prepaid expenses and other current assets(18,820)4,145 
Deferred commissionsDeferred commissions(48,704)(48,791)Deferred commissions(49,798)(48,704)
Other assets1,521 (43)
Accounts payable and other liabilitiesAccounts payable and other liabilities47,341 7,664 Accounts payable and other liabilities(27,912)47,341 
Lease liabilitiesLease liabilities(21,247)(19,787)Lease liabilities(23,596)(21,247)
Income taxes payableIncome taxes payable(3,583)(9,838)
Deferred revenueDeferred revenue7,123 12,525 Deferred revenue15,800 7,123 
Other assetsOther assets2,150 1,521 
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities355,338 350,017 Net cash provided by operating activities319,218 355,338 
Investing activities:Investing activities:  Investing activities:  
Proceeds from sale and settlement of investmentsProceeds from sale and settlement of investments10,259 0 Proceeds from sale and settlement of investments— 10,259 
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment and other assetsProceeds from sale of property and equipment and other assets245 — 
Purchase of Richmond assets and other intangiblesPurchase of Richmond assets and other intangibles(123,623)— 
Purchases of property and equipment and other assetsPurchases of property and equipment and other assets(42,137)(44,162)Purchases of property and equipment and other assets(21,533)(42,137)
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquiredCash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired(192,002)(13,721)Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired(152,594)(192,002)
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(223,880)(57,883)Net cash used in investing activities(297,505)(223,880)
Financing activities:Financing activities:  Financing activities:  
Proceeds from long-term debtProceeds from long-term debt1,744,210 0 Proceeds from long-term debt— 1,744,210 
Payments of debt issuance costsPayments of debt issuance costs(15,747)0 Payments of debt issuance costs— (15,747)
Payments of long-term debtPayments of long-term debt(745,000)0 Payments of long-term debt— (745,000)
Repurchase of restricted stock to satisfy tax withholding obligationsRepurchase of restricted stock to satisfy tax withholding obligations(34,051)(25,040)Repurchase of restricted stock to satisfy tax withholding obligations(29,306)(34,051)
Proceeds from equity offering, net of transaction costsProceeds from equity offering, net of transaction costs1,689,971 0 Proceeds from equity offering, net of transaction costs— 1,689,971 
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase planProceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan28,169 22,970 Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan15,025 28,169 
Other financing activitiesOther financing activities(1,650)(123)Other financing activities(57)(1,650)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities2,665,902 (2,193)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activitiesNet cash (used in) provided by financing activities(14,338)2,665,902 
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalentsEffect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents(286)(738)Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents(1,700)(286)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashNet increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash2,797,074 289,203 Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash5,675 2,797,074 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of periodCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of period1,070,731 1,100,416 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of period3,755,912 1,070,731 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of periodCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of period$3,867,805 $1,389,619 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of period$3,761,587 $3,867,805 
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:Supplemental cash flow disclosures:Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
Interest paidInterest paid$5,948 $1,500 Interest paid$31,030 $5,948 
Income taxes paidIncome taxes paid$36,475 $41,699 Income taxes paid$58,234 $36,475 
Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activities:Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activities:Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activities:
Consideration owed for acquisitionsConsideration owed for acquisitions$0 $1,650 Consideration owed for acquisitions$376 $— 
Accrued capital expendituresAccrued capital expenditures$660 $393 
See accompanying notes.
9

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

1.ORGANIZATION

CoStar Group, Inc. (the “Company” or “CoStar”“CoStar Group”) provides information, analytics, online marketplace and auction services to the commercial real estate and related business community through its comprehensive, proprietary database of commercial real estate information and related tools. The Company provides online marketplaces for commercial real estate, apartment rentals, lands for sale and businesses for sale, and its services are typically distributed to its clients under subscription-based license agreements that renew automatically, a majority of which have a term of at least one year. The Company operates within 2 operating segments, North America, which includes the United States ("U.S.") and Canada, and International, which primarily includes Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America.

On June 24, 2020, the Company acquired Ten-X Holding Company, Inc. and its subsidiaries ("Ten-X"), which operate an online auction platform for commercial real estate. On October 26, 2020, the Company acquired Emporis GmbH, a Germany-based provider of international commercial real estate data and images. On December 22, 2020, the Company acquired Homesnap, Inc. (“Homesnap”), which operates an online mobile software platform for residential real estate agents and brokers. On May 24, 2021, the Company acquired Homes.com ("Homes.com"), a residential real estate advertising and marketing services company primarily operating through its property listing and marketing portal, Homes.com. See Notes 5 and 8 to the accompanying Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of these acquisitions.


2.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Accounting policies are consistent for each operating segment.

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position at September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the results of its operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, its comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, its changes in stockholders' equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, and its cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 2019.2020.

Certain notes and other information have been condensed or omitted from the interim financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form��Form 10-Q. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.2020.

Common Stock Split

At the Company's 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders in June 2021, upon the recommendation of the Company's Board of Directors, the Company's stockholders approved the adoption of the Company's Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, which increased the total number of shares of common stock that the Company is authorized to issue from 60 million to 1.2 billion. The Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation became effective on June 7, 2021. On June 7, 2021, the Board of Directors approved a 10-for-one stock split of the Company's outstanding shares of common stock to be effected in the form of a stock dividend. Each stockholder of record on June 17, 2021 received a dividend of 9 additional shares of common stock for each then-held share, distributed after close of trading on June 25, 2021. The par value of the Company's common stock remained $0.01 per share. All applicable share and per-share amounts in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the impact of the stock split.

10

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions, including those related to revenue recognition, allowance for credit losses, the useful lives and recoverability of long-lived and intangible assets, and goodwill, income taxes, accounting for business combinations, stock-based compensation, estimating the Company's incremental borrowing rate for its leases, and contingencies, among others. The Company bases these estimates on historical and anticipated results, trends and various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable, including assumptions as to future events. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and recorded revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Revenue Recognition

The Company derives revenues primarily by (i) providing access to its proprietary database of commercial real estate information and (ii) providing online marketplaces for professional property management companies, property owners, brokers and landlords, in each case, typically through a fixed monthly fee for its subscription-based services. The Company's subscription-based services consist primarily of information, analytics and online marketplace services offered over the Internet to commercial real estate industry and related professionals. Subscription contract rates are based on the number of sites, number of users, organization size, the client’s business focus, geography, the number and types of services to which a client subscribes, the number of properties a client advertises and the prominence and placement of a client's advertised properties in
10

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

the search results. The Company’s subscription-based license agreements typically renew automatically, and a majority have a term of at least one year.

The Company also provides (i) market research, portfolio and debt analysis, management and reporting capabilities, (ii) real estate and lease management solutions, including lease administration and abstraction services, to commercial customers, real estate investors, and lenders via the Company’s other service offerings, (iii) benchmarking and analytics for the hospitality industry through STR, LLC and STR Global, Ltd. (together with STR, LLC, referred to as “STR”)and, (iv) an online auction platform for commercial real estate through Ten-X, LLC and its subsidiaries, which were acquired in June 2020.2020, (v) an online and mobile software platform that provides applications to manage residential real estate agent workflow through Homesnap, which was acquired in December 2020, and (vi) advertising and marketing services for residential properties through Homes.com which was acquired in May 2021. See Note 5 for details of the acquisition.Homes.com, Homesnap and Ten-X acquisitions.

The Company analyzes contracts to determine the appropriate revenue recognition using the following steps: (i) identification of contracts with customers, (ii) identification of distinct performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determination of contract transaction price, (iv) allocation of contract transaction price to the performance obligations, and (v) determination of revenue recognition based on timing of satisfaction of the performance obligation(s).obligations.

The Company recognizes revenues upon the satisfaction of its performance obligation(s) (upon transfer of control of promised services to its customers) in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Revenues from subscription-based services are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement. Revenues from transaction-based services are recognized when the promised product or services are delivered, which is at the time of a successful closing of the sale of the property for Ten-X revenues.

In limited circumstances, the Company's contracts with customers include promises to transfer multiple services, such as contracts for its subscription-based services and professional services. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct, which involves the determination of the standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation.

Deferred revenue results from amounts billed in advance to customers or cash received from customers in advance of the Company's fulfillment of its performance obligation(s) and is recognized as those obligations are satisfied.

Contract assets represent a conditional right to consideration for satisfied performance obligations that become a receivable when the conditions are satisfied. Contract assets are generated when contractual billing schedules differ from revenue recognition timing.

11

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Certain sales commissions are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions incurred for obtaining new contracts are deferred and then amortized as selling and marketing expenses on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit that the Company has determined to be three years. The three-year amortization period was determined based on several factors, including the nature of the technology and proprietary data underlying the services being purchased, customer contract renewal rates and industry competition. Certain commission costs are not capitalized as they do not represent incremental costs of obtaining a contract.

See Note 3 for further discussion of the Company's revenue recognition.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues principally consists of salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation expenses and other indirect costs for the Company's researchers who collect and analyze the commercial real estate data that is the basis for the Company's information, analytics and online marketplaces and for employees that support these products. Additionally, cost of revenues includes the cost of data from third-party data sources and costs related to advertising purchased on behalf of customers, credit card and other transaction fees relating to processing customer transactions, which are expensed as incurred, and the amortization of acquired trade names, technology and other intangible assets.

Advertising Costs

The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising costs include digital marketing, television, company-sponsored events,radio, print and other media advertising. Advertising costs were approximately $79$97 million and $44$79 million for the three months ended September 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively, and $202$252 million and $130$202 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively.
11

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


Foreign Currency

The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency for the majority of its operations is the local currency, with the exception of certain international locations of STR for which the functional currency is the British Pound. Assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date. Gains and losses resulting from translation are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Currency gains and losses on the translation of intercompany loans made to foreign subsidiaries that are of a long-term investment nature are also included in accumulated other comprehensive loss.income. Gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity are included in other income (expense) income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations using the average exchange rates in effect during the period. The Company recognized net foreign currency lossesgains of $0.2$0.5 million and gainslosses of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively, and net foreign currency gains of $0.7$0.1 million and $0.2$0.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively, which are included in other income (expense) income on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows (in thousands):
September 30,
2020		December 31,
2019		September 30,
2021		December 31,
2020
Foreign currency translation adjustmentForeign currency translation adjustment$(12,406)$(7,855)Foreign currency translation adjustment$(5,269)$(889)
Net unrealized loss on investments, net of tax0 (730)
Total accumulated other comprehensive lossTotal accumulated other comprehensive loss$(12,406)$(8,585)Total accumulated other comprehensive loss$(5,269)$(889)
There were no amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss to the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company sold its long-term variable debt instruments with an auction reset feature, referred to as auction rate securities ("ARS") and reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss a realized loss of $0.5 million to earnings which is included in other income (expense) income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. There were 0 amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss to the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

See Note 6 for additional information regarding investments.
12

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes result from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the basis reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted rates in effect during the year in which the Company expects differences to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided against assets, including net operating losses, if the Company determines it is more likely than not that some portion or all of an asset may not be realized. Interest and penalties related to income tax matters are recognized in income tax expense.

See Note 11 for additional information regarding income taxes.

Net Income Per Share

Net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period on a basic and diluted basis.


12

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Numerator:
Numerator:
2020201920202019
Numerator:		2021202020212020
Net incomeNet income$58,186 $78,619 $191,339 $227,036 Net income$64,304 $58,186 $199,664 $191,339 
Denominator:Denominator:    Denominator:
Denominator for basic net income per share — weighted-average outstanding shares(1)Denominator for basic net income per share — weighted-average outstanding shares(1)39,159 36,333 37,718 36,293 Denominator for basic net income per share — weighted-average outstanding shares(1)392,419 391,586 392,101 377,177 
Effect of dilutive securities:Effect of dilutive securities:    Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units(1)Stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units(1)242 319 252 322 Stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units(1)1,876 2,427 1,935 2,527 
Denominator for diluted net income per share — weighted-average outstanding shares(1)Denominator for diluted net income per share — weighted-average outstanding shares(1)39,401 36,652 37,970 36,615 Denominator for diluted net income per share — weighted-average outstanding shares(1)394,295 394,013 394,036 379,704 
    
Net income per share — basic $1.49 $2.16 $5.07 $6.26 
Net income per share — diluted $1.48 $2.15 $5.04 $6.20 
Net income per share — basic(1)
Net income per share — basic(1)
$0.16 $0.15 $0.51 $0.51 
Net income per share — diluted(1)
Net income per share — diluted(1)
$0.16 $0.15 $0.51 $0.50 
____________________________________________________
(1) Prior period amounts have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the 10-for-one stock split effected in the form of a stock dividend in June 2021.
 
The Company’s potentially dilutive securities include outstanding stock options and unvested stock-based awards which include restricted stock awards that vest over a specific service period, restricted stock awards with a performance and a market condition, restricted stock units and awards of matching restricted stock units ("Matching RSUs") awarded under the Company's Management Stock Purchase Plan. Shares underlying unvested restricted stock awards that vest based on a performance and a market conditionscondition that have not been achieved as of the end of the period are not included in the computation of basic or diluted net income per share. Diluted net income per share considers the impact of potentially dilutive securities except when the inclusion of the potentially dilutive securities would have an anti-dilutive effect.

The following table summarizes the shares underlying the unvested performance-based restricted stock and anti-dilutive securities excluded from the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920202019
Performance-based restricted stock awards79 60 79 90 
Anti-dilutive securities37 7 71 82 
13

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2021202020212020
Performance-based restricted stock awards(1)
718 794 718 794 
Anti-dilutive securities(1)
192 367 433 708 
__________________________
(1) Prior period amounts have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the 10-for-one stock split effected in the form of a stock dividend in June 2021.
Stock-Based Compensation

Equity instruments issued in exchange for services performed by officers, employees, and directors of the Company are accounted for using a fair-value based method and the fair value of such equity instruments is recognized as expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

For stock-based awards that vest over a specific service period, compensation expense is measured based on the fair value of the awards at the grant date and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the awards, net of an estimated forfeiture rate. For equity instruments that vest based on achievement of both a performance and market condition, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period of the awards based on the expected achievement of the related performance conditionscondition at the end of each reporting period over the vesting period of the awards.period. If the Company's initial estimates of the achievement of the performance conditions change, the related stock-based compensation expense and timing may fluctuate from period to period based on those estimates. If the performance conditions are not met, no stock-based compensation expense will be recognized, and any previously recognized stock-based compensation expense will be reversed. For awards with both a performance and a market condition, the Company estimates the fair value of each equity instrument granted on the date of grant using a Monte-Carlo simulation model. This pricing model uses multiple simulations to evaluate the probability of achieving the market condition to calculate the fair value of the awards.
13

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


Stock-based compensation expense for stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units issued under equity incentive plans, stock purchases under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, Deferred Stock Units (“DSUs”) and Matching RSUs awarded under the Company's Management Stock Purchase Plan included in the Company’s results of operations were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20202019202020192021202020212020
Cost of revenuesCost of revenues$3,007 $2,281 $8,009 $6,899 Cost of revenues$2,835 $3,007 $8,283 $8,009 
Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization)Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization)2,091 1,646 5,886 5,049 Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization)1,620 2,091 4,644 5,886 
Software developmentSoftware development2,821 2,243 7,635 6,638 Software development3,316 2,821 9,289 7,635 
General and administrativeGeneral and administrative8,811 6,969 19,907 20,398 General and administrative8,528 8,811 24,772 19,907 
Total stock-based compensation expense (1)
Total stock-based compensation expense (1)
$16,730 $13,139 $41,437 $38,984 
Total stock-based compensation expense(1)
$16,299 $16,730 $46,988 $41,437 
______________________________________________________________________________
(1) Stock-based compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 includes $0.7 million of expense related to the cash settlement of stock options in connection with the acquisition of Ten-X recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2020. See Note 5 for details of the acquisition.
(1) Stock-based compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 includes $0.7 million of expense related to the cash settlement of stock options in connection with the acquisition of Ten-X Holding Company, Inc. See Note 5 for details of the acquisition.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash consisted of the following as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

14

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents$3,761,587 $3,693,813 
Restricted cash:
RentPath termination fee held in escrow under the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement— 58,750 
Other restricted cash related to acquisitions— 3,349 
Total restricted cash— 62,099 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$3,761,587 $3,755,912 
Allowance for Credit Losses

On January 1, 2020, theThe Company adopted Accounting Standards Updates ("ASU") 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments; ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses; ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326); ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instrument; ASU 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) and ASU 2020-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) and Leases (Topic 842), later codified as Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 326 ("ASC 326"), using the modified retrospective transition approach. Refer to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2020, for further details of the Company’s policy prior to the adoption of ASC 326.

As of January 1, 2020, the Company maintainedmaintains an allowance for credit losses to cover its current expected credit losses ("CECL") on its trade receivables and contract assets arising from the failure of customers to make contractual payments. The Company estimates credit losses expected over the life of its trade receivables and contract assets based on historical information combined with current conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay and reasonable and supportable forecasts. While the Company uses various credit quality metrics, it primarily monitors collectability by reviewing the duration of collection pursuits on its delinquent trade receivables.receivables and historical write off trends. Based on the Company’s experience, the customer's delinquency status is the strongest indicator of the credit quality of the underlying trade receivables, which is analyzed monthly. In most instances, theperiodically. The Company’s policy is to write-off trade receivables when they are deemed uncollectible. A majority of the Company's trade receivables are less than 365 days outstanding.

Under the CECL impairment model, the Company develops and documents its allowance for credit losses on its trade receivables based on fourits portfolio segments. The determination of portfolio segments is based primarily on the qualitative consideration of the nature of the Company’s business operations and the characteristics of the underlying trade receivables, as follows:

•CoStar Suite Portfolio Segment - The CoStar Suite portfolio segment consists of two classes of trade receivables based on geographical location: CoStar Suite, North America and CoStar Suite, International.

•Information Services Portfolio Segment - The information servicesInformation Services portfolio segment consists of four classes of trade receivables: Real Estate Manager; information services,Information Services, North America; STR, US; and STR, International.

•Multifamily Portfolio Segment - The multifamilyMultifamily portfolio segment consists of one class of trade receivables.

•LoopNet Portfolio Segment - The LoopNet portfolio segment consists of one class of trade receivables.

•Other Marketplaces Portfolio Segment - The Other Marketplaces portfolio segment consists of two classes of trade receivables: Ten-X and other marketplaces.

The majority of Residential revenue is e-commerce based and does not result in accounts receivable. Residential accounts receivable and the related allowance for credit losses are not material.

See Note 4 for further discussion of the Company’s accounting for allowance for credit losses.
14
15

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

•Commercial Property and Land Portfolio Segment - The commercial property and land portfolio segment consists of two classes of trade receivables: LoopNet; and other commercial property and land online marketplaces.

See Note 4 for further discussion of the Company’s accounting for allowance for credit losses.

Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement contains a lease and the classification of a lease, if applicable, is made at lease commencement, at which time the Company also measures and recognizes a right-of-use ("ROU") asset, representing the Company’s right to use the underlying asset, and a lease liability, representing the Company’s obligation to make lease payments under the terms of the arrangement. For the purposes of recognizing ROU assets and lease liabilities associated with the Company’s leases, the Company has elected the practical expedient to not recognize a ROU asset or lease liability for short-term leases, which are leases with a term of twelve months or less. The lease term is defined as the noncancelable portion of the lease term, plus any periods covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain that that the option will be exercised.

In determining the amount of lease payments used in measuring ROU assets and lease liabilities, the Company has elected the practical expedient not to separate non-lease components from lease components for all classes of underlying assets. Consideration deemed part of the lease payments used to measure ROU assets and lease liabilities generally includes fixed payments and variable payments based on either an index or a rate, offset by lease incentives. The ROU asset also includes any lease prepayments. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The rates implicit within the Company's leases are generally not determinable. Therefore, the Company's incremental borrowing rate is used to determine the present value of lease payments. The determination of the Company’s incremental borrowing rate requires judgment and is determined at lease commencement, or as of January 1, 2019 for operating leases in existence upon adoption of ASCAccounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 842. The incremental borrowing rate is subsequently reassessed upon a modification to the lease arrangement.

Lease costs related to the Company's operating leases are generally recognized as a single ratable lease cost over the lease term.

See Note 7 for further discussion of the Company’s accounting for leases.

Long-Lived Assets, Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.

Goodwill is tested annually for impairment by each reporting unit on October 1 of each year or more frequently if an event or other circumstance indicates that we may not recover the carrying value of the asset. The Company may first assess qualitative factors to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, or elect to bypass such assessment. If it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, or the Company elects to bypass such assessment, the Company then determines the fair value of each reporting unit. The fair value of each reporting unit is compared to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, then an impairment loss is recognized for the difference.

15

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Debt Issuance Costs

Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of long-term debt are deferred and amortized as interest expense over the term of the related debt using the effective interest method for term debt and on a straight-line basis for revolving debt. The Company made a policy election to classify deferred issuance costs on the revolving credit facility as a long-term asset on its condensed consolidated balance sheets. Upon a refinancing or amendment, previously capitalized debt issuance costs are expensed and included in loss on extinguishment of debt if the Company determines that there has been a substantial modification of the related debt. If the Company determines that there has not been a substantial modification of the related debt, any previously capitalized debt issuance costs are amortized as interest expense over the term of the new debt instrument.

See Note 10 for additional information regarding the Company's 2020 Credit Agreementaccounting for its outstanding debt, revolving credit facility, and Senior Notes issuance.related issuance costs.
16

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


Business Combinations

The Company allocates the purchase consideration related to business combinations to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired, and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The purchase consideration is determined based on the fair value of the assets transferred, liabilities incurred and equity interests issued, after considering any transactions that are separate from the business combination. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets and contingent liabilities. Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from acquired customer bases, acquired technology and acquired trade names and other intangible assets, useful lives, royalty rates and discount rates. Any adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period are recorded in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings.

For a given acquisition, the Company may identify certain pre-acquisition contingencies as of the acquisition date and may extend its review and evaluation of these pre-acquisition contingencies throughout the measurement period in order to obtain sufficient information to assess whether the Company includes these contingencies as a part of the fair value estimates of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and, if so, determine their estimated fair value.

If the Company cannot reasonably determine the fair value of a pre-acquisition contingency (non-income tax related) by the end of the measurement period, which is generally the case given the nature of such matters, the Company will recognize an asset or a liability for such pre-acquisition contingency if: (i) it is probable that an asset existed or a liability had been assumed at the acquisition date and (ii) the amount of the asset or liability can be reasonably estimated. Subsequent to the measurement period, changes in the Company's estimates of such contingencies will affect earnings and could have a material effect on its results of operations and financial position.

In addition, uncertain tax positions and tax related valuation allowances assumed in connection with a business combination are initially estimated as of the acquisition date. The Company reevaluates these items based upon facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date with any adjustments to its preliminary estimates being recorded to goodwill, provided that the Company is within the measurement period. Subsequent to the measurement period, changes to these uncertain tax positions and tax related valuation allowances will affect the Company's provision for income taxes in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income and could have a material impact on its results of operations and financial position.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, on a prospective basis. The amounts related to the reclassification of franchise taxes from income from operations to income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

16

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract,on a prospective basis. ASU 2018-15 requires a customer in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract to follow the internal-use software guidance in ASC 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to defer and recognize as an asset. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,using the modified retrospective method. This accounting standard replaced the prior incurred loss accounting model with a current expected credit loss approach. As of January 1, 2020, no cumulative transition adjustment was recorded to the beginning balance of retained earnings, as the adoption did not result in a higher allowance for credit losses under the CECL impairment model. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

On March 12, 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (“ASC 848”): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. ASC 848 contains optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to debt, contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform. The provisions of ASC 848 must be applied to all contracts that are accounted for under a Topic, Subtopic or Industry Subtopic for all transactions other than derivatives, which may be applied at a hedging relationship level. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after January 1, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.


17

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)



3.REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS    

Disaggregated Revenue

The Company provides information, analytics and online marketplacesmarketplace services to the commercial real estate industry and related professionals. The revenuesRevenues by operating segment and type of service consist of the following (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,
20202019
North AmericaInternationalTotalNorth AmericaInternationalTotal
Information and analytics
CoStar Suite$158,235 $7,753 $165,988 $149,187 $6,826 $156,013 
Information services26,357 6,817 33,174 17,382 2,089 19,471 
Online marketplaces
Multifamily155,184 0 155,184 125,707 0 125,707 
Commercial property and land71,128 146 71,274 51,508 109 51,617 
Total revenues$410,904 $14,716 $425,620 $343,784 $9,024 $352,808 
Three Months Ended September 30,
20212020
North AmericaInternationalTotalNorth AmericaInternationalTotal
CoStar$174,071 $9,194 $183,265 $158,235 $7,753 $165,988 
Information Services29,177 6,749 35,926 26,357 6,817 33,174 
Multifamily171,125 — 171,125 155,184 — 155,184 
LoopNet(1)
52,103 424 52,527 44,938 146 45,084 
Residential(1)
24,747 — 24,747 — — — 
Other Marketplaces(1)
31,729 — 31,729 26,190 — 26,190 
Total revenues$482,952 $16,367 $499,319 $410,904 $14,716 $425,620 
__________________________
(1) As of September 30, 2021, Commercial Property and Land revenue has been further disaggregated into LoopNet, Residential and Other Marketplaces.
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20212020
North AmericaInternationalTotalNorth AmericaInternationalTotal
CoStar$505,470 $26,958 $532,428 $473,363 $22,634 $495,997 
Information Services84,959 20,820 105,779 77,069 19,023 96,092 
Multifamily508,629 — 508,629 438,185 — 438,185 
LoopNet(1)
151,770 1,082 152,852 131,348 256 131,604 
Residential(1)
53,939 — 53,939 — — — 
 Other Marketplaces(1)
83,722 — 83,722 52,748 — 52,748 
Total revenues$1,388,489 $48,860 $1,437,349 $1,172,713 $41,913 $1,214,626 
__________________________
(1) As of September 30, 2021, Commercial Property and Land revenue has been further disaggregated into LoopNet, Residential and Other Marketplaces.

Nine Months Ended September 30,
20202019
North AmericaInternationalTotalNorth AmericaInternationalTotal
Information and analytics
CoStar Suite$473,363 $22,634 $495,997 $436,070 $20,469 $456,539 
Information services77,069 19,023 96,092 52,632 6,466 59,098 
Online marketplaces
Multifamily438,185 0 438,185 360,463 0 360,463 
Commercial property and land184,096 256 184,352 148,418 475 148,893 
Total revenues$1,172,713 $41,913 $1,214,626 $997,583 $27,410 $1,024,993 
Deferred Revenue

Changes in deferred revenue for the period were as follows (in thousands):
Balance at December 31, 20192020$70,62077,363 
Revenue recognized in the current period from the amounts in the beginning balance(62,687)(70,339)
New deferrals, net of amounts recognized in the current period69,81087,225 
Effects of foreign currency(178)(231)
Balance at September 30, 20202021(1)
$77,56594,018 
__________________________
(1) Deferred revenue is comprised of $75$93 million of current liabilities and $3$1 million of noncurrent liabilities classified within lease and other long-term liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2020.2021. This balance includes $1 million of deferrals recognized in connection with business acquisitions made in 2021. See Note 5 for details.

18

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)



Contract Assets

The Company had contract assets of $9 million and $4 million as of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019, respectively,2020, which are generated when contractual billing schedules differ from revenue recognition timing. Contract assets represent a conditional right to consideration for satisfied performance obligations that becomes a receivable when the conditions are satisfied. Current contract assets are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and non-current contract assets are included in deposits and other assets on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Companyrevenue recognized revenue of $2 million and $5 million from contract assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.2021 was not material.

Commissions

Commissions expense is included in selling and marketing expense in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. Commissions expense activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 20192020 was as follows (in thousands). The Company determined that no deferred commissions were impaired as of September 30, 2020:2021:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20202019202020192021202020212020
Commissions incurredCommissions incurred$25,436 $20,371 $69,047 $62,766 Commissions incurred$30,337 $25,436 $83,983 $69,047 
Commissions capitalized in the current periodCommissions capitalized in the current period(16,582)(15,394)(48,704)(48,791)Commissions capitalized in the current period(17,876)(16,582)(49,798)(48,704)
Amortization of deferred commissions costsAmortization of deferred commissions costs15,355 13,639 45,017 39,189 Amortization of deferred commissions costs15,881 15,355 46,728 45,017 
Total commissions expenseTotal commissions expense$24,209 $18,616 $65,360 $53,164 Total commissions expense$28,342 $24,209 $80,913 $65,360 
Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

Remaining contract consideration for which revenue has not been recognized due to unsatisfied performance obligations was approximately $279$319 million at September 30, 2020,2021, which the Company expects to recognize over the next five years. This amount does not include contract consideration for contracts with a duration of one year or less.


4.ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The following table details the activity related to the allowance for credit losses for trade receivables by portfolio segment (in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
CoStar SuiteInformation servicesMultifamilyCommercial property and landTotal
Beginning balance at December 31, 2019$1,264 $624 $1,195 $1,465 $4,548 
Current-period provision for expected credit losses(1), (2)
9,616 2,634 6,579 2,566 21,395 
Write-offs charged against the allowance, net of recoveries and other(5,457)(350)(4,135)(1,796)(11,738)
Ending balance at September 30, 2020$5,423 $2,908 $3,639 $2,235 $14,205 
__________________________
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
CoStarInformation ServicesMultifamily
LoopNet(3)
Other Marketplaces(3)
Total
Beginning balance at December 31, 2020$5,531 $2,739 $4,387 $1,667 $786 $15,110 
Current-period provision (releases) for expected credit losses(1), (2)
3,932 (257)2,167 1,955 — 7,797 
Write-offs charged against the allowance, net of recoveries and other(3,933)(518)(3,779)(1,628)— (9,858)
Ending balance at September 30, 2021$5,530 $1,964 $2,775 $1,994 $786 $13,049 
__________________________
(1) Credit loss expense is included in general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
(2)Credit loss expense related to contract assets was not material for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
19

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

(3) Amounts previously disclosed in the Commercial Property and Land portfolio segment have been further disaggregated into the LoopNet, Residential and Other Marketplaces portfolio segments. Majority of the Residential portfolio segment revenue is e-commerce based and does not result in accounts receivable.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
CoStarInformation ServicesMultifamily
LoopNet(3)
Other Marketplaces(3)
Total
Beginning balance at December 31, 2019$1,264 $624 $1,195 $576 $889 $4,548 
Current-period provision for expected credit losses(1), (2)
9,616 2,634 6,579 2,482 84 21,395 
Write-offs charged against the allowance, net of recoveries and other(5,457)(350)(4,135)(1,607)(189)(11,738)
Ending balance at September 30, 2020$5,423 $2,908 $3,639 $1,451 $784 $14,205 
__________________________
(1) Credit loss expense is included in general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
(2) Credit loss expense related to contract assets was not material for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
(3)Amounts previously disclosed in the Commercial Property and Land portfolio segment have been further disaggregated into the LoopNet and Other Marketplaces portfolio segments.
19
20


COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
5.ACQUISITIONS

Homes.com

On April 14, 2021, Landmark Media Enterprises, LLC (“Landmark”), Home Group, LLC ("Homes.com") and CoStar Realty Information, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to acquire all of the outstanding equity interests in Homes.com from Landmark for a purchase price of $150 million in cash, subject to customary working capital and other post-closing adjustments. The Company's acquisition of Homes.com closed on May 24, 2021. The securities purchase agreement required an initial payment of $148 million, net of working capital adjustments, at the time of closing, with the remainder of the purchase price payable four months following the acquisition date, subject to offset for adjustments to the purchase price after final determination of closing net working capital. These amounts were settled in the third quarter of 2021. Homes.com is a residential real estate advertising and marketing services company primarily operating through its property listing and marketing portal, Homes.com.

The following table summarizes the amounts recorded for acquired assets and assumed liabilities recorded at their fair values as of the acquisition date (in thousands):
Preliminary:
May 24, 2021		Measurement Period AdjustmentsUpdated Preliminary: May 24, 2021
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$— $— $— 
Accounts receivable1,798 — 1,798 
Lease right-of-use assets371 — 371 
Goodwill86,314 1,818 88,132 
Intangible assets53,400 — 53,400 
Deferred tax assets11,171 — 11,171 
Lease liabilities(371)— (371)
Deferred revenue(1,086)— (1,086)
Other assets and liabilities(1,240)— (1,240)
Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired$150,357 $1,818 $152,175 

The net assets of Homes.com were recorded at their estimated fair values. In valuing the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, fair value estimates were based primarily on future expected cash flows, market rate assumptions for contractual obligations and appropriate discount rates. The purchase price allocation is preliminary, subject primarily to the Company's assessment of certain tax matters and contingencies. The estimated fair value of the customer base assets incorporated significant assumptions that had a material impact on the estimated fair value, such as discount rates, projected revenue growth rates, customer attrition rates and profit margins.
The following table summarizes the fair values of the identifiable intangible assets acquired in the Homes.com acquisition included in the Company's North America operating segment, their related estimated useful lives (in years) and their respective amortization methods (in thousands):
Estimated Fair ValueEstimated Useful LifeAmortization Method
Customer base$32,000 8Accelerated
Trade name21,000 15Straight-line
Technology400 2Straight-line
Total intangible assets$53,400 

21

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Specifically, the goodwill recorded as part of the Homes.com acquisition includes but is not limited to: (i) the expected synergies and other benefits that the Company believes will result from combining its operations with Homes.com operations; and (ii) any intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, such as the assembled workforce. The $88 million of goodwill recorded as part of the acquisition is associated with the Company's North America operating segment, of which $17 million is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

As of September 30, 2021, transaction costs associated with the Homes.com acquisition were not material. In addition, the Company paid $5 million into a cash escrow account for stay bonuses for certain Homes.com employees, to be paid to active employees after the six month period following the acquisition or, if earlier, after the termination of a Homes.com employee's employment without cause or a Homes.com employee's resignation with good reason during the six month period following the acquisition. In the event some or all of those employees are not entitled to their stay bonus, the funds will be remitted to the seller. The Company is recognizing compensation expense for the stay bonus over the six month post-combination period. Upon acquisition, the Company assessed the probability Homes.com would be required to pay certain state tax liabilities and recorded an accrual of $7 million determined in accordance with the provisions of ASC 450, “Contingencies,” as the fair value was not determinable. Landmark has agreed to indemnify the Company for tax liabilities related to periods prior to the acquisition and an indemnification asset was established for $7 million in the purchase price allocation.

Homesnap

On December 22, 2020, pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated November 20, 2020, by and among CoStar Realty Information, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“CRI”), Snapped Halo Merger Sub Corp., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of CRI (“Merger Sub”), and Homesnap, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Homesnap"), Merger Sub was merged with and into Homesnap (the “Homesnap Merger”), with Homesnap surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of CRI. In connection with the Homesnap Merger, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding equity interests in Homesnap for a purchase price of $250 million in cash. Homesnap is an industry-leading online and mobile software platform that provides user-friendly applications to optimize residential real estate agent workflow and reinforce the agent-client relationship. Homesnap has relationships, data, software, and tools for residential real estate professionals that are complementary to CoStar Group’s existing offerings.

The following table summarizes the amounts recorded for acquired assets and assumed liabilities recorded at their fair values as of the acquisition date (in thousands):
Preliminary: December 22, 2020Measurement Period AdjustmentsUpdated Preliminary: December 22, 2020
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$10,225 $— $10,225 
Accounts receivable662 — 662 
Lease right-of-use assets3,437 — 3,437 
Goodwill183,016 1,355 184,371 
Intangible assets67,000 — 67,000 
Deferred tax assets (liabilities)(1,423)(1,355)(2,778)
Lease liabilities(3,375)— (3,375)
Deferred revenue(4,000)— (4,000)
Other assets and liabilities(5,188)— (5,188)
Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired$250,354 $— $250,354 

The net assets of Homesnap were recorded at their estimated fair values. In valuing the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, fair value estimates were based primarily on future expected cash flows, market rate assumptions for contractual obligations and appropriate discount rates. The purchase price allocation is preliminary, subject primarily to the Company's assessment of certain contingencies. The estimated fair value of the customer base assets incorporated significant assumptions that had a material impact on the estimated fair value, such as discount rates, projected revenue growth rates, customer attrition rates and profit margins. See Note 8 for measurement period impact on goodwill.
22

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
The following table summarizes the fair values of the identifiable intangible assets acquired in the Homesnap acquisition included in the Company's North America operating segment, their related estimated useful lives (in years) and their respective amortization methods (in thousands):
Estimated Fair ValueEstimated Useful LifeAmortization Method
Customer base$45,000 10Accelerated
Trade name7,000 10Straight-line
Technology15,000 6Straight-line
Total intangible assets$67,000 
Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Specifically, the goodwill recorded as part of the Homesnap acquisition includes but is not limited to: (i) the expected synergies and other benefits that the Company believes will result from combining its operations with Homesnap's operations; and (ii) any intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, such as the assembled workforce. The $184 million of goodwill recorded as part of the acquisition is associated with the Company's North America operating segment. Goodwill recorded in connection with this acquisition is not amortized, but is subject to an annual impairment test. Goodwill recognized is not deductible for income tax purposes.
As of September 30, 2021, transaction costs associated with the Homesnap acquisition were not material.

Ten-X

On June 24, 2020, pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated May 13, 2020, by and among CoStar Realty Information, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“CRI”), Crescendo Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of CRI (“Merger Sub”), Ten-X Holding Company, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Ten-X Holding"), and Thomas H. Lee Equity Fund VII L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, solely in its capacity as representative thereunder, Merger Sub was merged with and into Ten-X Holding (the “Merger”), with Ten-X Holding surviving the Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of CRI. In connection with the Merger, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding equity interests in Ten-X Holding and Ten-X Holding's subsidiaries (collectively, "Ten-X") for a purchase price of $187$188 million in cash. Ten-X operates an online auction platform for commercial real estate. The Ten-X acquisition is expected to enable the Company to create a new end-to-end commercial real estate platform, combining LoopNet and ourCoStar's online audience of buyers with Ten-X’s leadership in online auctions for performing and distressed assets.

23

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
The following table summarizes the amounts recorded for acquired assets and assumed liabilities recorded at their fair values as of the acquisition date (in thousands):
Preliminary:
June 24, 2020		Final:
June 24, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents$3,290 
Accounts receivable131 131 
Lease right-of-use assets4,945 4,945 
Goodwill135,446 134,322 
Intangible assets58,000 58,000 
Lease liabilities(4,945)(4,945)
Deferred tax liabilities(4,810)(2,981)
Other assets and liabilities(4,697)(5,047)
Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired$187,360 $187,715 
The net assets of Ten-X were recorded at their estimated fair values. In valuing the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, fair value estimates were based primarily on future expected cash flows, market rate assumptions for contractual obligations and appropriate discount rates. The purchase price allocation is preliminary, subject to the final determination of net working capital as of the acquisition date, and the Company's assessment of certain tax matters. The estimated fair value of the customer base assets incorporated significant assumptions that had a material impact on the estimated fair value, such as discount rates, projected revenue growth rates, customer attrition rates and profit margins. See Note 8 for measurement period impact on goodwill.
The following table summarizes the fair values (in thousands) of the identifiable intangible assets acquired in the Ten-X acquisition included in the Company's North America operating segment, their related estimated useful lives (in years) and their respective amortization methods:methods (in thousands):
Estimated Fair ValueEstimated Useful LifeAmortization Method
Customer base$46,000 6Accelerated
Technology11,000 5Straight-line
Other intangible assets1,000 2Straight-line
Total intangible assets$58,000 

Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Specifically, the goodwill recorded as part of the Ten-X acquisition includes but is not limited to: (i) the expected synergies and other benefits that the Company believes will result from combining its operations with Ten-X's operations; and (ii) any
20

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, such as the assembled workforce. The $135.4$134 million of goodwill recorded as part of the acquisition is associated with the Company's North America operating segment. Goodwill recorded in connection with this acquisition is not amortized, but is subject to an annual impairment test. Goodwill recognized is not deductible for income tax purposes.

As of September 30, 2020,2021, transaction costs associated with the Ten-X acquisition were not material. The Company paid $3 million in incentive compensation to Ten-X employees negotiated as part of the acquisition, theand this expense was recognized in the post-combination period.

RentPath

On February 11, 2020, RentPath Holdings, Inc. (“RentPath”), certain direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of RentPath (together with RentPath,period during the “Sellers”), and, solely for the purposes set forth therein, CSGP Holdings, LLC (“CSGP”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company ("Buyer") entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”) dated as of February 12, 2020. Pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, and subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, CSGP agreed to acquire for $588 million in cash all of the equity interests of RentPath, as reorganized following an internal restructuring of the Sellers (“Reorganized RentPath") pursuant to and under the joint chapter 11 plan of reorganization of the Sellers and certain of their affiliates to be filed in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware. Under the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to guarantee the full and timely performance of CSGP’s obligations under the Asset Purchase Agreement. The completion of the transaction is subject to customary conditions, including the expiration or termination of the applicable waiting period under applicable antitrust laws and bankruptcy approvals. On April 29, 2020, the Company and RentPath each received a request for additional information from the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) with respect to the acquisition. The FTC’s additional request extends the waiting period imposed by the Hart-Scott Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (the “HSR Act”) until the parties complete the compliance process and the FTC completes its review of the substance of the parties' submission. Bankruptcy court approval was obtained on June 9, 2020. On July 29, 2020, the Company exercised its option pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement to extend the date after which either the Sellers or the Buyer may terminate the Asset Purchase Agreement if the transaction has not closed (the “Outside Date”) for an additional three months until November 12, 2020 in exchange for payment of $7.5 million. As required by the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company paid a $59 million break fee into a cash escrow account. In the event the Asset Purchase Agreement is terminated under specified circumstances and either certain antitrust approvals are not obtained or a governmental order related to antitrust or competition matters prohibits the consummation of the transaction, this amount is not refundable to the Company. As the transaction had not closed as ofended September 30, 2020, the break fee is recorded as restricted cash within cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.

STR, LLC and STR Global Ltd.

On October 22, 2019, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of STR for a purchase price of $436 million. STR is a global provider of benchmarking and analytics for the hospitality industry. The combination of STR's and CoStar's offerings is expected to allow for the creation of valuable new and improved tools for industry participants. The Company applied the acquisition method to account for the STR transaction, which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recorded at their fair values as of the acquisition date.

2020.
2124

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
The following table summarizes the amounts recorded for acquired assets and assumed liabilities recorded at their fair values as of the acquisition date (in thousands):
Final:
October 22, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents$11,620 
Accounts receivable8,067 
Lease right-of-use assets7,306 
Goodwill261,868 
Intangible assets178,000 
Lease liabilities(7,306)
Deferred revenue(10,966)
Deferred tax liabilities(7,980)
Other assets and liabilities(4,815)
Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired$435,794 
The net assets of STR were recorded at their estimated fair values. In valuing the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, fair value estimates were based primarily on future expected cash flows, market rate assumptions for contractual obligations and appropriate discount rates. Measurement period adjustments primarily relate to the determination of working capital as of the acquisition date. The customer base assets incorporated significant assumptions that had a material impact on the estimated fair value, such as discount rates, projected revenue growth rates, customer attrition rates and projected profit margins. The following table summarizes the fair values (in thousands) of the identifiable intangible assets included in each of the Company's operating segments, their related estimated useful lives (in years) and their respective amortization methods:
North AmericaInternational
Estimated Fair ValueEstimated Useful LifeEstimated Fair ValueEstimated Useful LifeAmortization Method
Customer base$97,000 13$42,000 10Accelerated
Trade name24,000 15— Straight-line
Other intangible assets10,000 55,000 5Straight-line
Total intangible assets$131,000 $47,000 

Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Specifically, the goodwill recorded as part of the STR acquisition includes but is not limited to: (i) the expected synergies and other benefits that the Company believes will result from combining its operations with STR's operations; and (ii) any intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, such as the assembled workforce. Goodwill recorded in connection with this acquisition is not amortized, but is subject to an annual impairment test. Of the $262 million of goodwill recorded as part of the acquisition, $159 million and $103 million are associated with the Company's North America and International operating segments, respectively. The goodwill recognized in the North America operating segment is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes in future periods.

As part of the STR acquisition, the Company incurred $2 million of transaction costs. Additionally, the Company paid $15 million into a cash escrow account for deferred compensation for certain STR employees, to be paid to active employees after a defined one year period following the acquisition or if and when the employment of such employees is earlier terminated by the Company without cause or by the employee for good reason. In the event some or all of those employees are not entitled to their retention bonus, the funds will be remitted to the seller. The Company is recognizing compensation expense for the deferred compensation over the one-year post-combination period.

22

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
Off Campus Partners, LLC Acquisition

On June 12, 2019, the Company acquired Off Campus Partners, LLC ("OCP"), a provider of student housing marketplace content and technology to U.S. universities for $16 million. The purchase agreement required an initial payment of $14 million, net of cash acquired, at the time of closing, with the remainder of the purchase price payable one year following the acquisition date, subject to offset for indemnification claims or adjustments to the purchase price after final determination of closing net working capital. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company paid the remaining purchase price in full. As part of the acquisition, the Company recorded goodwill and intangibles assets of $8 million and $9 million, respectively. The net assets of OCP were recorded at their estimated fair value. Measurement period adjustments recognized in 2019 were not material.

Pro Forma Financial Information

The unaudited pro forma financial information presented below summarizes the combined results of operations for the Company, STRTen-X and Ten-XHomesnap as though the companies were combined as of January 1, 20182019, and the Company and Homes.com as though the companies were combined as of January 1, 2019, respectively.2020. The unaudited pro forma financial information for all periods presented includes amortization charges from acquired intangible assets, retention compensation, as referenced above, and the related tax effects, along with certain other accounting effects, but excludes the impacts of any expected operational synergies. The unaudited pro forma financial information as presented below is for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisitionacquisitions had taken place on January 1, 20182019 for Ten-X and Homesnap and January 1, 2019, respectively.2020 for Homes.com.

The unaudited pro forma financial information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 20192020 combine the historical results of the Company, STRTen-X, Homesnap and Ten-XHomes.com for the periods prior to the acquisition date, and the effects of the pro forma adjustments listed above.
The unaudited pro forma financial information, in the aggregate, was as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,2021202020212020
2020201920202019
RevenueRevenue$425,620 $385,221 $1,237,544 $1,110,912 Revenue$499,319 $446,791 $1,455,316 $1,280,143 
Net incomeNet income$60,897 $68,809 $178,591 $195,854 Net income$64,303 $50,821 $193,595 $159,330 
Net income per share - basic$1.56 $1.89 $4.73 $5.40 
Net income per share - diluted$1.55 $1.88 $4.70 $5.35 
Net income per share - basic(1)
Net income per share - basic(1)
$0.16 $0.13 $0.49 $0.43 
Net income per share - diluted(1)
Net income per share - diluted(1)
$0.16 $0.13 $0.49 $0.42 
____________________________________________________
(1) Prior period amounts have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the 10-for-one stock split effected in the form of a stock dividend in June 2021. See Note 2 for details.

The impact of the Homes.com acquisition on CoStar Group’s revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations was an increase of $8 million and $12 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The impact of the Homes.com acquisition on CoStar Group’s net income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations was a decrease of $7 million and $10 million for the three and nine ended September 30, 2021. The impact of the Ten-X acquisition on CoStar Group’s revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations was an increase of $12 million and $12 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. The impact of the Ten-X acquisition on CoStar Group’s net income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations was a decrease of $5 million and $7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.


6.INVESTMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received in the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. There is a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which categorizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

As of September 30, 2020,2021, the Company's financial assets comprise Level 1 cash equivalents with original maturities of three months or less in the amount of $3,512 million.$3.0 billion. As of September 30, 2020,2021, the Company had no Level 2 or Level 3 financial assets measured at fair value.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company sold its ARS investments for $10.3 million and recognized a realized loss of $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included in other (expense) income on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.

2325

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

The following table represents the Company's investments in marketable securities and fair value measurements by investment category reported as cash equivalents and investments as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands):
December 31, 2019
 Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
 Unrealized
Losses		Fair
Value		Level 1Level 2Level 3
Cash equivalents$576,761 $0 $0 $576,761 $576,761 $— $— 
Auction rate securities10,800 0 (730)10,070 0 0 10,070 
Total cash equivalents and long-term investments$587,561 $0 $(730)$586,831 $576,761 $0 $10,070 
The Company’s Level 3 assets consisted of ARS; whose underlying assets were primarily student loan securities supported by guarantees from the Federal Family Education Loan Program of the U.S. Department of Education. As of December 31, 2019, these investments were in an unrealized loss position for a period of twelve months or greater. The unrealized losses were generated primarily from changes in interest rates and ARS that failed to settle at auction due to adverse conditions in the global credit markets. The losses were considered temporary, as the contractual terms of these investments do not permit the issuer to settle the security at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment. The Company had no realized gains or losses on its investments during the year ended December 31, 2019.

In addition to the financial instruments listed above, the Company holds other financial instruments, including cash equivalents, cash deposits, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and senior notes.Senior Notes. The carrying value for such financial instruments, other than the senior notes,Senior Notes, each approximated their fair values as of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019.2020. The estimated fair valuevalue of the Company's outstanding senior notesSenior Notes using quoted prices from the over-the-counter markets, considered Level 2 inputs, was $1.03$1.02 billion as of September 30, 2020.2021.

7.LEASES

The Company has operating leases for its office facilities and data centers, and certain vehicles, as well as finance leases for office equipment. The Company's leases have remaining terms of less than one year to eightseven years. The leases contain various renewal and termination options. The period that is subject to an option to extend the lease is included in the lease term if it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. The period that is subject to an option to terminate the lease is included if it is reasonably certain that the option will not be exercised.

Lease costs related to the Company's operating leases included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Operating lease costs:Operating lease costs:2020201920202019Operating lease costs:2021202020212020
Cost of revenues Cost of revenues$2,992 $2,690 $8,732 $9,080  Cost of revenues$2,717 $2,992 $7,446 $8,732 
Software development Software development1,628 1,091 4,412 3,070  Software development1,910 1,628 4,913 4,412 
Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization) Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization)2,636 2,198 7,725 6,568  Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization)3,452 2,636 8,876 7,725 
General and administrative General and administrative1,259 995 3,609 2,237  General and administrative1,594 1,259 4,369 3,609 
Total operating lease costsTotal operating lease costs$8,515 $6,974 $24,478 $20,955 Total operating lease costs$9,673 $8,515 $25,604 $24,478 
The impact of lease costs related to finance leases and short-term leases was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.2021.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases was as follows (in thousands):
BalanceBalance Sheet LocationSeptember 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Operating lease liabilities$139,315 $148,975 
Less: imputed interest(8,779)(10,998)
Present value of lease liabilities130,536 137,977 
Less: current portion of lease liabilitiesLease liabilities(29,878)(32,648)
Long-term lease liabilitiesLease and other long-term liabilities$100,658 $105,329 
Weighted-average remaining lease term in years4.24.0
Weighted-average discount rate2.8 %3.6 %
Balance sheet information related to finance leases was not material as of September 30, 2021.

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):
24
26

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)



Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases was as follows (in thousands):
BalanceBalance Sheet LocationSeptember 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Operating lease liabilities$148,503 $165,542 
Less: imputed interest(11,978)(15,719)
Present value of lease liabilities136,525 149,823 
Less: current portion of lease liabilitiesLease liabilities31,494 29,670 
Long-term lease liabilitiesLease and other long-term liabilities$105,031 $120,153 
Weighted-average remaining lease term in years4.35.0
Weighted-average discount rate3.8 %4.0 %
Balance sheet information related to finance leases was not material as of September 30, 2020.

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):
Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920212020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows used in operating leasesOperating cash flows used in operating leases$26,924 $24,114 Operating cash flows used in operating leases$28,082 $26,924 
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leasesOperating leases$11,124 $7,048 Operating leases$32,107 $11,124 

8.GOODWILL

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by operating segment consist of the following (in thousands):
North AmericaInternationalTotal North AmericaInternationalTotal
Goodwill, December 31, 2018$1,573,088 $38,447 $1,611,535 
Goodwill, December 31, 2019Goodwill, December 31, 2019$1,738,360 $143,660 $1,882,020 
Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments(1)
Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments(1)
165,272 102,532 267,804 
Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments(1)
347,134 1,273 348,407 
Effect of foreign currency translationEffect of foreign currency translation0 2,681 2,681 Effect of foreign currency translation— 5,572 5,572 
Goodwill, December 31, 20191,738,360 143,660 1,882,020 
Goodwill, December 31, 2020Goodwill, December 31, 20202,085,494 150,505 2,235,999 
Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments(2)
Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments(2)
135,765 113 135,878 
Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments(2)
60,012 — 60,012 
Effect of foreign currency translationEffect of foreign currency translation0 (2,819)(2,819)Effect of foreign currency translation— (2,497)(2,497)
Goodwill, September 30, 2020$1,874,125 $140,954 $2,015,079 
Goodwill, September 30, 2021Goodwill, September 30, 2021$2,145,506 $148,008 $2,293,514 
______________________________________________________________________________
(1) In connection with the acquisition of Cozy Services, LLC, during 2019 the Company recorded a measurement period adjustment which resulted in a $1 million reduction to the initial amount ofNorth America goodwill of approximately $53 million.
(2) Goodwill for the nine monthsyear ended September 30,December 31, 2020, includes goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisitionacquisitions of Ten-X and Homesnap, as well as STR measurement period adjustments to goodwill of $0.3 million. International goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisition of Emporis GmbH of $1.2 million and STR measurement period adjustments of $0.1 million.

(2) North America goodwill during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, includes goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisition of Homes.com, offset by measurement period adjustments of $26 million recorded during the threenine months ended March 31, 2020September 30, 2021 primarily related to the North America and International reporting segments, respectively.measurement of the fair value of Homesnap customer relationships in the first quarter of 2021. See Note 5 for acquisition details.
The Company recorded goodwill of approximately $135$88 million, $184 million and $134 million in connection with the May 2021 Homes.com, December 2020 Homesnap and June 24, 2020 acquisition of Ten-X $262 million in connection with the October 22, 2019 acquisition of STR and approximately $8 million in connection with the June 2019 acquisition of OCP.acquisitions, respectively.
NaNNo impairments of the Company's goodwill were recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 2019.2020.

2527


COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
9.INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands, except amortization period data):
September 30,
2020		December 31,
2019		Weighted-
Average
Amortization
Period (in years)		September 30,
2021		December 31,
2020		Weighted-
Average
Amortization
Period (in years)
Acquired technology and dataAcquired technology and data$116,235 $105,168 5Acquired technology and data$131,729 $131,551 5
Accumulated amortizationAccumulated amortization(95,607)(90,542) Accumulated amortization(103,581)(97,791) 
Acquired technology and data, netAcquired technology and data, net20,628 14,626  Acquired technology and data, net28,148 33,760  
Acquired customer baseAcquired customer base532,315 487,532 11Acquired customer base612,092 545,643 10
Accumulated amortizationAccumulated amortization(277,716)(233,202) Accumulated amortization(351,478)(296,758) 
Acquired customer base, netAcquired customer base, net254,599 254,330  Acquired customer base, net260,614 248,885  
Acquired trade names and other intangible assetsAcquired trade names and other intangible assets239,325 236,358 12Acquired trade names and other intangible assets283,294 249,465 12
Accumulated amortizationAccumulated amortization(99,944)(84,118) Accumulated amortization(124,156)(105,365) 
Acquired trade names and other intangible assets, netAcquired trade names and other intangible assets, net139,381 152,240  Acquired trade names and other intangible assets, net159,138 144,100  
Intangible assets, netIntangible assets, net$414,608 $421,196  Intangible assets, net$447,900 $426,745  
NaNNo impairments of the Company's intangible assets were recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 20202021 and 2019.2020.

28


COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
10.LONG-TERM DEBT        

The table below presents the components of outstanding debt (in thousands):

September 30, 2020December 31, 2019September 30,
2021		December 31,
2020
2.800% Senior Notes due July 15, 20302.800% Senior Notes due July 15, 2030$1,000,000 $0 2.800% Senior Notes due July 15, 2030$1,000,000 $1,000,000 
2020 Credit Agreement, due July 20250 0 
2020 Credit Agreement, due July 1, 20252020 Credit Agreement, due July 1, 2025— — 
Total face amount of long-term debtTotal face amount of long-term debt1,000,000 0 Total face amount of long-term debt1,000,000 1,000,000 
Senior notes unamortized discount and issuance costs(13,587)
Senior Notes unamortized discount and issuance costsSenior Notes unamortized discount and issuance costs(12,367)(13,285)
Long-term debt, netLong-term debt, net$986,413 $0 Long-term debt, net$987,633 $986,715 
Senior Notes

On July 1, 2020, the Company issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 2.800% Senior Notes due July 15, 2030 (the “Senior Notes”). The Senior Notes were sold to a group of financial institutions as initial purchasers who subsequently resold the Senior Notes to non-U.S. persons pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and to persons reasonably believed to be qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act at a purchase price equal to 99.921% of their principal amount. Interest on the Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears beginning on January 15, 2021. The Senior Notes may be redeemed in whole or in part by the Company (a) at any time prior to April 15, 2030 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes, plus the Applicable Premium (as calculated in accordance with the indenture governing the Senior Notes) as of, and any accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on the principal amount of Senior Notes being redeemed to, but excluding, the redemption date, and (b) on or after April 15, 2030 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on the principal amount of Senior Notes being redeemed to, but excluding, the redemption date. The Company’s obligations under the Senior Notes are guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis by the Company’s domestic wholly owned subsidiaries.subsidiaries and contain covenants and other customary provisions with which the Company was in compliance as of September 30, 2021.

In connection with the issuance of the Senior Notes, the Company incurred approximately $13 million in debt issuance costs.

26


COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
Revolving Credit Facility

On July 1, 2020, the Company also entered into a second amended and restated credit agreement (the "2020 Credit Agreement"), which amended and restated in its entirety the then-existing credit agreement originally entered into in April 1, 2014 and amended and restated on October 19, 2017 (the “2017 Credit Agreement”). The 2020 Credit Agreement provides for a $750 million revolving credit facility with a term of five years (maturing July 1, 2025) and a letter of credit sublimit of $20 million from a syndicate of financial institutions as lenders and issuing banks. On July 1, 2020, the Company repaid in full the balance on its existing $750 million revolving credit facility under the 2017 Credit Agreement using the proceeds from the issuance of the Senior Notes. A commitment fee of 0.25% to 0.30% per annum, depending on the Total Leverage Ratio (defined in 2020 Credit Agreement), is payable quarterly in arrears based on the unused revolving commitment.

Subject to certain conditions, on no more than five occasions, the Company may request increases in the amount of revolving commitments and/or the establishment of term commitments under the 2020 Credit Agreement. Borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement will bear interest at a floating rate which can be, at the Company’s option, either (a) an alternate base rate plus an applicable rate ranging from 0.50% to 1.25% or (b) a LIBOR or EURIBOR (with a floor of 0.00%) for the specified interest period plus an applicable rate ranging from 1.50% to 2.25%, in each case depending on the Company's Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Agreement). As LIBOR may not always be available to the Company as a base interest rate for borrowings under the credit facility.facility, the 2020 Credit Agreement allows the Company and the administrative agent under the 2020 Credit Agreement to amend the 2020 Credit Agreement to replace LIBOR with one or more Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) based rates or another alternative benchmark rate. Funds drawn down on the revolving credit facility pursuant to the 2020 Credit Agreement may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries. The obligations under the 2020 Credit Agreement are guaranteed by each of the Company’s current and future direct or indirect wholly owned restricted domestic subsidiaries, other than certain excluded subsidiaries, in each case subject to certain exceptions, pursuant to guarantee agreements.

29


COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
The 2020 Credit Agreement includes covenants, including ones that, subject to certain exceptions, restrict the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to (i) merge and consolidate with other companies, (ii) incur indebtedness, (iii) grant liens or security interests on assets, (iv) make investments, acquisitions, loans or advances, (v) pay dividends and (vi) sell or otherwise transfer assets. During any period of time that the Company has obtained and maintained a corporate investment grade rating from at least two designated rating agencies and no Event of Default is continuing, the Company is not subject to certain covenants, such as restrictions on the ability to incur indebtedness (such period, a “Covenant Suspension Period”). As of September 30, 2020,2021, the Company is in a Covenant Suspension Period. The 2020 Credit Agreement also requires the Company to maintain a Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Agreement) not exceeding 4.50 to 1.00. The Company was in compliance with the covenants in the 2020 Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2020.2021.

In connection with the 2020 Credit Agreement, the Company incurred approximately $3.6 million in debt issuance costs. As of September 30, 2020,2021, the Company had not drawn any amounts under this facility.

The Company had an irrevocable standby letter of credit outstanding totaling $0.2 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, which is required to secure its San Francisco office lease. The letter of credit was established in 2014 and automatically renews annually through January 31, 2025.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized interest expense as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920202019
Interest on outstanding borrowings$7,000 $0 $11,509 $0 
Amortization of senior notes discount and issuance costs574 218 1,082 657 
Commitment fees and other492 479 1,133 1,422 
Total interest expense$8,066 $697 $13,724 $2,079 
The Company had $5.2$4.1 million and $2.5$4.9 million of deferred debt issuance costs as of September 30, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 in connection with the 2020 Credit Agreement and 2017 Credit Agreement, respectively.Agreement. These amounts are included in deposits and other assets on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized interest expense as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2021202020212020
Interest on outstanding borrowings$7,000 $7,000 $21,000 $11,509 
Amortization of Senior Notes discount and issuance costs583 574 1,742 1,082 
Commitment fees and other522 492 1,499 1,133 
Total interest expense$8,105 $8,066 $24,241 $13,724 

11.INCOME TAXES

The income tax provision reflects an effective tax rate of approximately 23% and 16% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively and 26% and 15% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was due to a decrease in excess tax benefits for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as well as a discrete restructuring gain. The increase in the effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily due to a decrease in excess tax benefits for the three months ended September 30, 2021.




27
30


COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
11.INCOME TAXES

The income tax provision reflects an effective tax rate of approximately 16% and 21% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 15% and 18% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to lower income before income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, as well as an increase in excess tax benefits.

On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"). The CARES Act did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.


12.COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The following summarizes ourthe Company's significant contractual obligations, including related payments due by period, as of September 30, 20202021 (in thousands):

Year Ending December 31,Year Ending December 31,Operating lease obligationsLong-term debt principal paymentsLong-term debt principal interest paymentsYear Ending December 31,Operating lease obligationsLong-term debt principal paymentsLong-term interest payments
Remainder of 2020$9,792 $0 $0 
202134,982 0 29,089 
Remainder of 2021Remainder of 2021$7,889 $— $— 
2022202233,073 0 28,000 202228,817 — 28,000 
2023202331,575 0 28,000 202336,032 — 28,000 
2024202425,887 0 28,000 202432,457 — 28,000 
2025202515,704 — 28,000 
ThereafterThereafter13,194 1,000,000 168,000 Thereafter18,416 1,000,000 140,000 
TotalTotal$148,503 $1,000,000 $281,089 Total$139,315 $1,000,000 $252,000 

Currently, and from time to time, the Company is involved in litigation incidental to the conduct of its business. In accordance with GAAP, the Company records a provision for a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. While it is reasonably possible that an unfavorable outcome may occur as a result of one or more of the Company’s current litigation matters, at this time, management has concluded that the resolutions of these matters are not expected to have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, future results of operations or liquidity. Legal defense costs are expensed as incurred.

13.SEGMENT REPORTING

Segment Information

The Company manages its business geographically in 2 operating segments, with the primary areas of measurement and decision-making being North America, which includes the U.S. and Canada, and International, which primarily includes Europe, Asia-Pacific and Latin America. Management relies on an internal management reporting process that provides revenue and operating segment net income before interest expense (income) and other expense (income), loss on debt extinguishment, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”). Management believes that operating segment EBITDA is an appropriate measure for evaluating the operational performance of the Company’s operating segments. EBITDA is used by management to internally measure operating and management performance, and to evaluate the performance of the business. However, this measure should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for or superior to, income from operations or other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Summarized EBITDA information by operating segment consists of the following (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2021202020212020
North America$119,823 $107,906 $385,857 $322,611 
International2,849 579 5,683 (4,708)
Total EBITDA$122,672 $108,485 $391,540 $317,903 
The reconciliation of net income to EBITDA consists of the following (in thousands):
28
31

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)



Summarized EBITDA information by operating segment consists of the following (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2021202020212020
Net income$64,304 $58,186 $199,664 $191,339 
Amortization of acquired intangible assets in cost of revenues7,209 6,612 21,565 18,671 
Amortization of acquired intangible assets in operating expenses19,121 18,258 55,885 44,677 
Depreciation and other amortization6,610 6,806 22,138 20,563 
Interest expense, net7,943 7,537 23,698 9,482 
Other (income) expense(1,546)338 (2,343)(29)
Income tax expense19,031 10,748 70,933 33,200 
EBITDA$122,672 $108,485 $391,540 $317,903 
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2020201920202019
North America$107,906 $115,973 $322,611 $326,648 
International579 (2,882)(4,708)(6,852)
Total EBITDA$108,485 $113,091 $317,903 $319,796 
The reconciliation of net income to EBITDA consists of the following (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920202019
Net income$58,186 $78,619 $191,339 $227,036 
Amortization of acquired intangible assets in cost of revenues6,612 4,957 18,671 15,503 
Amortization of acquired intangible assets in operating expenses18,258 7,586 44,677 22,443 
Depreciation and other amortization6,806 6,279 20,563 19,289 
Interest expense (income)7,537 (4,414)9,482 (13,304)
Other expense (income)338 (240)(29)(779)
Income tax expense10,748 20,304 33,200 49,608 
EBITDA$108,485 $113,091 $317,903 $319,796 
Summarized information by operating segment consists of the following (in thousands):
September 30,
2020		December 31,
2019		September 30,
2021		December 31,
2020
Property and equipment, net:Property and equipment, net:  Property and equipment, net:  
North AmericaNorth America$124,320 $103,383 North America$237,010 $123,634 
InternationalInternational2,960 4,146 International1,856 2,691 
Total property and equipment, netTotal property and equipment, net$127,280 $107,529 Total property and equipment, net$238,866 $126,325 
Goodwill:Goodwill:  Goodwill:  
North AmericaNorth America$1,874,125 $1,738,360 North America$2,145,506 $2,085,494 
InternationalInternational140,954 143,660 International148,008 150,505 
Total goodwillTotal goodwill$2,015,079 $1,882,020 Total goodwill$2,293,514 $2,235,999 
Assets:Assets:  Assets:  
North AmericaNorth America$6,561,083 $3,615,258 North America$6,853,670 $6,674,974 
InternationalInternational236,242 238,728 International277,646 240,446 
Total assetsTotal assets$6,797,325 $3,853,986 Total assets$7,131,316 $6,915,420 
Liabilities:Liabilities:  Liabilities:  
North AmericaNorth America$1,433,164 $402,759 North America$1,484,686 $1,496,894 
InternationalInternational46,103 45,634 International43,207 43,167 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities$1,479,267 $448,393 Total liabilities$1,527,893 $1,540,061 

14.PURCHASE OF BUILDING

On January 22, 2021, the Company purchased an office building located in Richmond, Virginia (the "Richmond building"), together with the land and assumed an existing lease for a purchase price of $131 million, inclusive of property taxes, title insurance and other transaction costs. The purchase of the Richmond building was accounted for as an asset acquisition, including an intangible asset for the assumed lease. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the net impact from the lease arrangement is recorded in other (expense) income on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and was not material to the Company.


2932

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


15.    SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

BureauxLocaux

On October 1, 2021, CoStar UK Limited ("CoStar UK"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, purchased from M.A.J.E Marketing & Stratégie and an individual all of the outstanding equity interests in ComReal Info, a French société par actions simplifiéee, for €35 million, $41 million equivalent, in cash subject to customary working capital and other post-closing adjustments. Based in Paris, ComReal Info owns and operates BureauxLocaux, a leading commercial real estate digital marketplace in France. The Company used cash on hand to finance the acquisition and expects to record most of the purchase price to identifiable intangible assets and goodwill.
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14.STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Equity Offering

On May 28, 2020, the Company completed a public equity offering of 2,633,587 shares of common stock for $655 per share. Net proceeds from the public equity offering were approximately $1.7 billion, after deducting approximately $35.0 million of underwriting fees, commissions and other stock issuance costs. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities to fund all or a portion of the costs of any strategic acquisitions it pursues in the future, to finance the growth of its business and for working capital and other general corporate purposes. General corporate purposes may include additions to working capital, capital expenditures, repayment of debt, investments in the Company’s subsidiaries, and the repurchase, redemption or retirement of securities, including the Company’s common stock.

Refer to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2020, for further details on the Company's Stockholders' Equity.

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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains “forward-looking statements,” including statements about our beliefs and expectations. There are many risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Potential factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in any forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed in “Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements” at the end of this Item 2 and “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part III of this Quarterlyour Annual Report on Form 10-Q,10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as well as those described from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

All forward-looking statements in this filing are based on information available to us on the date of this filing, and we assume no obligation to update such statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

CoStar Group, Inc. (the “Company” or “CoStar”“CoStar Group”) is the number one provider of information, analytics and online marketplaces to the commercial real estate industry in the United States (“U.S.”) and United Kingdom (“U.K.”) based on the fact that we offer the most comprehensive commercial real estate database available; have the largest research department in the industry; own and operate leading online marketplaces for commercial real estate and apartment listings in the U.S., based on the numbers of unique visitors and site visits per month; and provide more information, analytics and marketing services than any of our competitors. We have created and compiled a standardized platform of information, analytics and online marketplace services where industry professionals and consumers of commercial real estate, including apartments, and the related business communities, can continuously interact and facilitate transactions by efficiently accessing and exchanging accurate and standardized real estate-related information. Our service offerings span all commercial property types, including office, retail, industrial, multifamily, commercial land, mixed-use and hospitality. With our recent acquisitions of Homesnap, Inc. (“Homesnap”) and Homes Group, LLC ("Homes.com") we also offer online platforms for marketing and workflow management for residential real estate agents and brokers and residential property listings for homebuyers.

We manage our business geographically in two operating segments, with our primary areas of measurement and decision-making being North America, which includes the U.S. and Canada, and International, which primarily includes Europe, Asia-Pacific and Latin America. On June 24, 2020, we acquiredOur most recent strategic acquisitions include Ten-X Holding Company, Inc. and its subsidiaries ("Ten-X"), which operate an online auction platform for commercial real estate.estate; Emporis GmbH, a Germany-based provider of international commercial real estate data and images; Homesnap; Homes.com and ComReal Info, the owner and operator of BureauxLocaux in France. See NoteNotes 5, 8 and 15 to the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statementscondensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion of this acquisition.these acquisitions.

Our services are typically distributed to our clients under subscription-based license agreements that renew automatically, a majority of which have a term of at least one year. Upon renewal, many of the subscription contract rates may change in accordance with contract provisions or as a result of contract renegotiations. To encourage clients to use our services regularly, we generally charge a fixed monthly amount for our subscription-based services rather than charging fees based on actual system usage or number of paid clicks. Depending on the type of service, contract rates are generally based on one or more of the following factors: the number of sites, number of users, organization size, the client's business focus, the client's geographic location, the number and types of services to which a client subscribes, the number of properties a client advertises, and the prominence and placement of a client's advertised properties in the search results. Our subscription clients generally pay contract fees on a monthly basis, but in some cases may pay us on a quarterly or annual basis. WeOur transaction-based services primarily consist of auction fees from our Ten-X online auction platform, which are generally see higher sales of Apartments.com listing services during the peak summer rental season and higher CoStar Suite sales towards the endcalculated as a percentage of the year; however,final sales fluctuate from period-to-periodprice for the commercial real estate property sold and year-to-year and ourrecognized as revenue is not generally seasonal because ourupon the successful closure of an auction. Other transaction-based services are typically sold on a subscription basis.described by service offering below.

Our primary brands include CoStar, LoopNet,CoStar®, LoopNet®, Apartments.com STR, Ten-X, BizBuySellTM, STR®, Ten-X®, BizBuySell®, LandsofAmericaTM, HomeSnap®, and LandsofAmerica. We also provide other services that complement those offeredHomes.com®, which are accessible via the Internet and through our primary brands. These include real estate and lease management solutions, lease administration and abstraction services through our CoStar Real Estate Manager service offerings; and market research, consulting and analysis, portfolio and debt analysis, and management and reporting capabilities through our CoStar Investment Analysis and CoStar Risk Analytics service offerings.mobile applications. Our principal service offerings are discussed in more detail below.

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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

A novel strain of coronavirus known as "COVID-19" was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and was subsequently declared a pandemic byWhile the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 has surfaced in nearly all regions around the world and resulted in travel restrictions and business slowdowns or shutdowns in affected areas. The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown and is evolving as the pandemic continues. The COVID-19 pandemiccontinues to evolve, it did not materially affect the Company'sour consolidated financial statements during 2020 or our condensed consolidated financial statements for the threeMarch 31, 2021, June 30, 2021 and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

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2021. We are closely and continually monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, employees, customers, and communities. To protect the health and safety of our employees and to help stop the spread of the disease, we shifted to a digital, remote workplace in mid-March 2020. As of that time, nearly all of our employees began to work from home and continue to do so as of the date of this filing. We have temporarily shifted certain employees’ job responsibilities so they can work from home and modified our in-person research and sales processes so that they can be conducted safely and in compliance with social distancing guidelines to protect our employees, our customers and our communities. We believe our employees are operating at near normal levels of productivity in this digital environment. We continue to monitor events related to the pandemic, as well as the guidelines and mandates provided by governmental and health authorities. Weauthorities and plan to continue adapting our business operations when and as deemed appropriate to comply with these guidelines and mandates and to respond to changing circumstances.

In connection with Most of our workforce has been fully vaccinated against COVID-19 and, where permitted, has returned to the shiftoffice. We have resumed in-person marketing events and some business travel. The global workforce has been operating in an extraordinary and mostly digital and remote manner as the world adapted during the COVID-19 pandemic. During this time, many working adults moved to work from home,different locations and adjusted to a different way of living. As we incurred and may continuetransitioned our employees back to incur expenses to help employees perform their jobs effectively and securely. In preparation for an eventual return to work in the office, we have also incurredexperienced, and we expect to continue to incur expensesexperience attrition among our workforce resulting in increased costs. Continued attrition or the inability to help protectreplenish and grow our work force may result in work disruptions in the health and safety of our employees and visitors. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we had taken steps to manage our costs, including minimizing hiring to essential positions, restricting business travel and canceling in-person marketing events. We expect to continue to minimize travel and restrict in-person marketing events during the remainder of the year.future. Overall, the increased direct spend related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including office reconfiguration to enable social distancing and employee hiring and retention programs, has not been material to date and has had minimal impact as these expenses have been generally offset by the cost savings of COVID-19 operational changes. As the situation evolves, we may implement additional cost reductions.on our financial position and operating results.

Current general economic conditions inIt is currently unclear how the U.S. and the world as a result ofcommercial real estate industry will ultimately be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic are negatively affecting business operationsas businesses formulate and execute plans for employees to return to the office, implement hybrid work arrangements – allowing work from the office or home, or switch to all work from home. If the demand for office space decreases significantly, there could be a downturn in the commercial real estate market which may materially adversely affect many of our clients. A depressed commercial real estate market would have a negative impact on our core customer base, which could impact our customers’ ability to subscribe and pay for our clientsservices and are expectedreduce demand for our services. Reduced demand and increased cancellations could cause our revenues or our revenue growth rates to resultdecline and reduce our profitability.

During 2021, excluding our multifamily service offering, which is discussed under Service Offerings below, our company-wide net new bookings and renewal rates for subscription-based services have returned to pre-pandemic levels. In addition, we saw improvements in business consolidations and,collection trends along with improvements in certain circumstances, failures. In general, customers are seekingthe economy which led us to reduce expenses as a result of current economic conditions. The extent and duration of any future continued weakening ofour allowance for credit losses previously taken. Due to the global economy is unknown. There can be no assurance that any of the governmental or private sector initiatives designed to strengthen the U.S. and other economies will ultimately be successful or available to us and our customers, and, if successful, when the benefits will be available or seen. Because of the rapidly evolving nature ofuncertainty associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and responsesany resulting economic impacts, we will continue to it by,monitor these trends and the impacteffect on global economies, our revenue or earnings forecasts may not prove to be accurate. results of operations. Any expectedanticipated changes in financial resultsperformance discussed in this report including any expected impact of COVID-19, are based on our current observations and experience and involve estimates and assumptions. As the future extent and duration of the impacts fromeffects of the COVID-19 pandemic remain unclear, the Company'sour estimates and assumptions may evolve as conditions change. Our current observations and past experience and results may not be an indicator of ongoing trends or future results,change and actual results could differ significantly from our estimates and expectations.

Our near-term revenues are relatively predictable as a result of our subscription-based business model; however, we expect that we will continue to experience the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations and overall financial performance. Such effects may include, among others, a decrease in new customer sales and increases in customer cancellations, suspensions, service reductions and failures to pay or delays in payments of amounts owed to us. We are more likely to incur asset impairment charges or restructuring charges, or further increase our allowance for credit losses, as a result of this crisis and related economic downturn, which could adversely affect our results of operations. The amount and frequency of such actions will be affected by the severity and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. We experienced an increase in customer requests for cancellations and suspensions towards the end of the first quarter of 2020 that continued through May 2020; however, those requests have eased since then, and sales related to marketplace service offerings have returned to pre-pandemic levels. During the first three quarters of 2020, we increased the allowance for credit loss as a result of increased write-off trends and increased the forecasted credit loss estimate on high credit risk customers to reflect the uncertainty around the duration and speed of an economic recovery. Due to the uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, we will continue to monitor customer behavior and its impact on our results of operations.vary. See Note 4 to the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statementscondensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the "Comparison of ThreeNine Months Ended September 30, 20202021 and ThreeNine Months Ended September 30, 2019"2020" below for further discussion.

We strengthened our liquidity position through an equity offering of common stock in May 2020 and an offering of Senior Notes and amendment and restatement of our credit facility in early July 2020. See Note 10 and Note 14to the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statementscondensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the “Development, Investments and Expansion” below for further discussion of our recent equity and Senior Notes offerings in 2020 and the 2020 Credit Agreement. Overall, theThe effects of the pandemic have not affected our ability to date to access funding on reasonably similar terms as were available to us prior to March 2020. We discuss the current and potential impact of select provisions of the CARES Act (defined below) on our company in our liquidity discussion.

32Service Offerings

Service OfferingsOur portfolio of information, analytics and online marketplace services are branded and marketed to our customers and marketplace end users. Our services are primarily derived from a database of building-specific information and offer customers specialized tools for accessing, analyzing and using our information. Over time, we enhanced and expanded, and we expect to continue to enhance and expand, our existing information, analytics and online marketplace services and we have developed and we expect to continue to develop additional services that use our comprehensive database to meet the needs of our existing customers as well as potential new categories of customers.

Our principal information, analytics and online marketplace services are described in the following paragraphs by type of service:
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Information and Analytics

CoStar
CoStar Suite®
. Our
CoStar® is our subscription-based information services consist primarily of CoStar Suite services. CoStar Suite is sold as aintegrated platform of service offerings consisting of CoStar Property®, CoStar COMPS®, CoStar Market Analytics, CoStar Tenant®, CoStar Lease Comps and CoStar Public Record through our online and mobile applications. Our integrated suite of online service offeringsfor commercial real estate intelligence, which includes information about office, industrial, retail, multifamily and student housing properties, properties for sale, comparable sales, tenants, space available for lease, comparable sales information, information about properties for sale, tenant information, Internet marketing services, analytical capabilities, information for clients' websites, information about industry professionals and their business relationships, industry news, and industry news. Our commercial real estate sales force is currently responsible for selling multiple product lines, including CoStar Suitemarket and LoopNet. Sales initiatives commenced in late 2019 shifted the focus of our sales force to sales of LoopNet Signature Ads, a premium listing service. As a result of this shift, as well as the continued impact of COVID-19 on our current and potential customer base,we have seen a decline inlease analytical capabilities. CoStar revenue growth rates in 2020 and currently anticipatefor the third quarter of 2021 increased compared to the third quarter of 2020. We expect CoStar Suite revenue growth rates to continue to declineincrease through the remainder of the year. In the coming months, we plan to separate the CoStar2021 as a result of signing new customer agreements, existing customers upgrading their subscriptions and LoopNet sales teams and build outour resumption of annual price increases for contract renewals that began in September 2021 after a dedicated LoopNet sales force.temporary suspension.

Information servicesServices

.
We provide real estate and lease management technology solutions, including lease administration, lease accounting and abstraction services, through our CoStar Real Estate Manager® service offerings, as well as portfolio and debt analysis, management and reporting capabilities through our CoStar Investment Analysis and CoStar Risk Analytics® service offerings. STR, Inc. and STR Global, Ltd. (together with STR, Inc., "STR") provides benchmarking and analytics for the hospitality industry. STR sells the majority of its services on a subscription basis, but also receives one-time or ad hoc transaction-based revenue. We provide information services internationally, through our Grecam, Belbex and Thomas Daily businesses in France, Spain and Germany, respectively. Sales of CoStar Real Estate Manager represent a significant portion of our information services revenue. CoStar Real Estate Manager's revenue growth rates increased significantly in 2018 as new clients adopted, and existing clients expanded their use of, CoStar Real Estate Manager to manage compliance with new lease accounting and reporting requirements that became effective for public companies for financial reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. CoStar Real Estate Manager continued to experience highInformation Services revenue growth rates for mostthe third quarter of 2019. In the first half of 2020, growth rates began2021 decreased compared to decline as the surge of the demand eased as companies passed the implementation date for the new requirements and customer behavior began to change in response to economic conditions, including delays in implementation of new services resulting in a reduction of implementation fees. During the third quarter of 2020 we experienced moderate increasesdue to a decline in the level of ad hoc STR report sales. We expect Information Services revenue growth rates compared tofor the secondfourth quarter of 2020 due2021 to additional professional fees.

On October 22, 2019, we acquired STR and we now also provide STR’s complementary benchmarking and analytics services to the hospitality industry. Sales of STR's services also represent a significant portion of our information services revenue. STR sells the majority of its services on a subscription basis, but also has one-time or ad hoc transaction fee revenues. The hospitality industry has been severely impacted by COVID-19. As a result, revenue for STR declined in the second quarter as compared to the first quarter. However, we saw a moderate increase in revenue inremain consistent with the third quarter of 2020 as compared2021 due to the second quarter of 2020. During the first three quarters of 2020,a seasonal decline in ad hoc STR report sales, which we provided payment extensions to certain STR customers andexpect will offset growth in the third quarter of 2020, we saw slight improvements in collections as hotels reopened. We will continue to monitor customer behavior and any resulting impact to our financial condition and results of operations. See Note 5 to the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion of this acquisition.CoStar Real Estate Manager sales.

Online MarketplacesMultifamily

Multifamily. Apartments.comTMApartments.com™ is part of our network of apartment marketing sites, which primarily includes ApartmentFinder®, ForRent.com®, ApartmentHomeLiving.comTMApartmentHomeLiving.com™, Apartamentos.comTMApartamentos.com™, Westside Rentals, and Off Campus Partners, LLC ("OCP").LLC. Our network of subscription-based advertising services provides property management companies and landlords with a comprehensive advertising destination for their available rental units and offers renters a platform for searching for available rentals. Apartments.com also receives transaction-based revenue for tenant processing fees. Apartments.com has continued to successfully increase traffic to its network of sites, year-over-year, resulting in increased leads to customers. As leads per ad have increased, Apartments.com’s lower priced ad packages are generating more leads than top-level packages were generating approximately one year ago. In addition, rental vacancy rates have declined relevant to historical averages reducing demand for top-level packages. As a result, customers are selecting lower-priced ad packages. Consequently, while Multifamly subscription renewal rates remain consistent year-over-year, net new bookings declined year-over-year in the third quarter of 2020, multifamily2021 resulting in a decrease in the Multifamily revenue growth rates continuedin the third quarter of 2021 compared to increase relative to 2019the third quarter of 2020. We expect Multifamily revenue growth rates to decrease through the remainder of 2021 as tenants, property ownersvacancy rates remain low and landlords continuedApartments.com customers continue to transact in our digital environment. See Note 5 to the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion of the OCP acquisition.select lower priced ad packages.

LoopNet
Commercial property and land
.
Our LoopNet.com network of commercial real estate websites offer subscription-based online marketplace services that enable commercial property owners, landlords and real estate agents working on their behalf to listadvertise properties for sale or for lease and to submit detailed information about property listings. Commercial real estate agents,
33

buyers and tenants use the LoopNet.com network of online marketplace services to search for available property listings that meet their criteria. Loopnet.com representsLoopNet revenue growth rates during the third quarter of 2021 were consistent with the third quarter of 2020. We expect LoopNet revenue growth rates to decrease through the remainder of 2021 due to our sales force spending more time selling CoStar subscriptions, resulting in slower sales growth for LoopNet while we work to recruit and train a majoritydedicated LoopNet sales force.

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Residential

On December 22, 2020, we acquired Homesnap, an online and mobile software platform that provides subscription-based access to applications that manage residential real estate agent workflow and marketing campaigns delivered on third-party platforms. Homesnap also receives transaction-based revenue for short-term advertising delivered on third-party platforms. On May 24, 2021, we acquired Homes.com, a residential advertising and marketing services company primarily operating through its portal, Homes.com. Residential third quarter 2021 revenue increased compared to the second quarter of the commercial property and land revenue. As part2021 as a result of our rebuild and launchincluding a full quarter of the LoopNet Signature Ads product, we rolled out new ad packages inrevenue for Homes.com. We expect Residential revenue for the fourth quarter of 2019 and shifted the focus of our commercial real estate sales force2021 to LoopNet Signature Ads. As a result, the LoopNet revenue growth rate increased in the fourth quarter of 2019 and in the first quarter of 2020. As a result of COVID-19 and its impact on the commercial real estate industry, LoopNet.com sales volumes declined and cancellations increased in the second quarter of 2020. In the third quarter of 2020, we saw a significant increase in sales and a decline in cancellations. Overall, revenues in commercial property and land increaseddecrease compared to the third quarter of 2019 primarily2021 due to revenue fromseasonal reductions in Homesnap advertising sales and the discontinuance of certain services previously offered on Homes.com that are inconsistent with our newlylong-term strategy.

Other Marketplaces

On June 24, 2020, we acquired Ten-X, an online auction platform Ten-X and, to a lesser extent, revenue growth from LoopNet. Accordingly, we expect the revenue growth rates will continue to increase for the reminder of the year relative to 2019 growth rates.commercial real estate. Our BizBuySell network, which includes BizQuest® and FindaFranchise, and our Land.com network of sites, which includes LandsofAmerica, LandAndFarm and LandWatch®, are also included in our commercial property and land serviceOther Marketplaces revenue. The BizBuySell network provides online marketplaces for businesses for-sale and our Land.com network of sites provide online marketplaces for rural lands for-sale. Other Marketplaces' revenue for the third quarter of 2021 increased compared to the third quarter of 2020 due to an increase in fees earned on Ten-X auctions. We expect Other Marketplaces revenue for the fourth quarter of 2021 to remain consistent with the third quarter of 2021.

As
Subscription-based Services

The majority of our revenue is generated from service offerings which are distributed to our clients under subscription-based license agreements that renew automatically and have a term of at least one year. We recognize subscription revenues on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract.

For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, and 2019, our annualized net new bookings of subscription-based services on all contracts were approximately $53$47 million and $50$53 million, respectively, calculated based on the annualized amount of change in our sales resulting from all new subscription-based contracts or upsalesupgrades on all existing subscription-based contracts, less write-downs and cancellations, for the period reported. The factors resulting in this year-over-year change are discussed above. We recognize subscription revenues on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract. Net new bookings is considered a key indicator of future subscription revenue growth and is also used as a metric of salesforce productivity by management and investors.

For the ninetrailing twelve months ended September 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, our contract renewal rates for existing CoStar Group subscription-based services on annualfor contracts with a term of at least one year were approximately 89%92% and 90%89%, respectively, and therefore our cancellation raterates for those services for the same periods were approximately 11%8% and 10%,11% respectively. Our contract renewal rate is a quantitative measurement that is typically closely correlated with our revenue results. As a result, management believes that the rate may be a reliable indicator of short-term and long-term performance absent extraordinary circumstances. Our trailing twelve-month contract renewal rate may decline in lightas a result of COVID-19 developments and the resulting negative economic conditions, leading to greater business failures and/or consolidations among our clients, reductions in customer spending, or decreases in our customer base.

Development, Investments and Expansion

We plan to continue to invest in our business and our services, evaluate strategic growth opportunities, and pursue our key priorities as described below, while we closely monitor the economic developments fromimpacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and manage our response to such developments.response. We are committed to supporting, improving and enhancing our information, analytics and online marketplace solutions, including expanding and improving our offerings for our client base and site users, including property owners, property managers, buyers, commercial tenants, brokers, agents and residential renters. We expect to continue our software development efforts to improve existing services, introduce new services, integrate and cross-sell services, integrate recently completed acquisitions and expand and develop supporting technologies for our research, sales and marketing organizations. We reevaluate our priorities on a regular basis and may reevaluate our priorities as the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve.

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Our key priorities for the remainder of 20202021 currently include:

•Integrating recently completed acquisitions, including STR and Ten-X, with our business operations. We are consolidating STR data and services withContinuing to invest in CoStar, Suite to create an integrated platform. We expectincluding:

◦developing capabilities that the combination of STR's and CoStar's offerings will allow us to create valuable new and improved tools for industry participants. Webroaden the reach of CoStar internationally by offering a global platform to all CoStar users. As we begin to offer a global platform, we plan to driveexpand our international expansion,presence.

◦developing commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS") Analytics, which will aggregate loan and property data across covered markets. The initial CMBS Analytics release is expected to include loan origination metrics, distressed loan levels and maturity volumes, as well as detailed revenue and expense information. In later releases of this solution, we plan to include detailed prepayment information on disposed loans.

◦developing a solution for lenders that leverages the information we have developed with CoStar Risk Analytics to support lenders with risk management, underwriting, surveillance and compliance reporting. The first CoStar Lender release is expected to focus on portfolio risk analytics and surveillance to help lenders meet regulatory and accounting requirements. Subsequent releases are expected to focus on loan origination and underwriting.

◦enhancing benchmarking capabilities. We integrated STR's data into CoStar earlier in part, through STR's global operations2021 and continue to develop dynamic analytics for and additional coverage of hospitality properties. We plan to apply STR's benchmarking expertise to other commercial real estate segments we serve.

•Continuing to improve and market our Apartments.com service offerings to create the best and most comprehensive consumer rental search experience as well as continuing to advance the digital rental experience that allows renters to apply for leases and make rent payments, and for landlords to receive and assess tenant applications online through a single platform. We also recently acquired Emporis,seek user feedback as we work to improve our services and continue to aggressively market our multifamily listing services in an effort to attract consumers and, in turn, provide more value to advertisers. Our Apartments.com marketing investment is focused on enhanced brand awareness and search engine marketing. As we continue to assess the success and effectiveness of our marketing campaign, we will continue to work to determine the optimal level and focus of our marketing investment for our multifamily listing services for future periods and may adjust our marketing spend and focus as we deem appropriate. Apartments.com has been successful in generating increased traffic to the network and as a Germany-based provider of international commercial real estate data and images that we planresult is delivering increased leads per ad to integrate into CoStar.customers. We are working on integratingassessing and have begun adjusting pricing to reflect the Ten-X platform into both LoopNetincreased lead generation we are delivering to our customers.

•Continuing to develop leading residential businesses. The acquisitions of Homes.com and CoStar,Homesnap enable us to expand the audiencemarkets in which we compete. Our residential team is creating new and improved tools to help agents promote their residential listings, connect with buyers and sellers and streamline their daily workflow. We expect to continue making investments in residential marketplace technology development and content generation resources and marketing expenditures. In October 2021, Homesnap reached an agreement to create, maintain and market a consumer-facing search website and mobile app for Ten-X auctionsthe Real Estate Board of New York's Residential Listing Service. Homesnap will provide a custom version of its search portal, branded as Citysnap™, specifically for the five boroughs of New York City. We plan to includegrow Homes.com's site traffic by offering homebuyers information directly from local multiple listing services and developing a website that allows homebuyers to collaborate with agents. We are also evaluating additional investments in residential marketplace services and assessing and formulating our online commercial real estate users. To increase exposure, we have upgraded LoopNet listings for properties to be auctioned on Ten-Xresidential business plan and are allocating banner space on both our CoStar and LoopNet sites to Ten-X to cross-market our services.go-forward strategies.

•Continuing to invest in the LoopNet marketplace. To support the LoopNet marketplace, bywe implemented training and incentive programs for our existing sales team to increase sales of LoopNet advertisements, with a focus on brokers and property owners. We are enhancing the content on the siteLoopNet.com (including high-quality imagery), seeking targeted advertisements, providing premium listingmarketing services (such as LoopNet SignatureDiamond, Platinum, and Gold Ads) that increase a property listing’s exposure, and adding more content for premium listings to better meet the needs of a broader cross section of the commercial real estate industry. We planare resuming our plans to createrecruit and develop a dedicated LoopNet sales team to help support the
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expected growth withinand grow the business. To supportgenerate brand awareness and site traffic for the LoopNet marketplace,LoopNet.com network, we implemented trainingincreased our investment in marketing in 2021, as compared to 2020, and incentive programs for our sales team to increase sales of LoopNet Signature Ads,are utilizing a multi-media marketing campaign, reinforced with a focus on property owners.

•Continuing to invest in CoStar Suite, including capabilities that allow us to broaden the reach of CoStar Suite internationally by offering multiple languages and currencies on the platform. We plan to enhance CoStar Suite by making additional investments in analytical and service capabilities focused on lenders and owners of commercial real estate. In addition, we plan to invest in the technology and infrastructure of our other existing service offerings.

•Continuing to develop, improve and market our Apartments.com service offerings that focus on the digital rental experience and enable renters to apply for leases and make rent payments, and for landlords to run tenant credit and background checks, all online through a single platform. We seek user feedback and continue to aggressively market our multifamily listing services in an effort to provide more value to advertisers and, in turn, to attract advertisers. Our Apartments.com marketing investment is focused on search engine marketing and enhanced brand awareness. As we continueoptimization efforts. We expect to assess the success and effectiveness of our marketing campaign, we will continue to work to determine the optimal level and focus of our marketing investment for our services forin future periods and may adjust our marketing spend and focus as we deem appropriate.periods.

•Obtaining necessary regulatory approvals to close the pending acquisition of RentPath and integrating RentPath with the Apartments.com network post-closing. Our wholly owned subsidiary entered into an asset purchase agreement (the "Asset Purchase Agreement") dated February 12, 2020, to acquire all of the equity interests of RentPath Holdings, Inc. for $588 million in cash, as reorganized following an internal restructuring pursuant to and under the joint chapter 11 plan of reorganization of RentPath and certain of its subsidiaries. The completion of the transaction is subject to customary conditions, including the expiration or termination of the applicable waiting period under applicable antitrust laws and bankruptcy approvals. On April 29, 2020, we and RentPath each received a request for additional information from the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) with respect to the acquisition. The FTC’s additional request extends the waiting period imposed by the Hart-Scott Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (the “HSR Act”) until the parties complete the compliance process and the FTC completes its review of the substance of the parties' submission. Bankruptcy court approval was obtained on June 9, 2020. On July 29, 2020, we exercised our option pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement to extend the date after which either party may terminate the Asset Purchase Agreement if the transaction has not closed (the "Outside Date") for an additional three months until November 12, 2020 in exchange for a payment of $7.5 million. We continue to engage with the FTC on the substance of its review, which we expect to conclude in the fourth quarter of 2020. See Note 5 to the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion.

To support our continued expansion and development, we recently completed a public equity offering, a senior notes offering and the refinancing of our revolving credit facility. In May 2020, we completed a public equity offering of 2,633,587 shares of common stock for $655 per share. Net proceeds from the public equity offering were approximately $1.7 billion, after deducting approximately $35 million of underwriting fees, commissions and other stock issuance costs. We expect to use the net proceeds from the public equity offering to fund all or a portion of the costs of any strategic acquisitions we pursue in the future, to finance the growth of our business and/or for working capital and other general corporate purposes. General corporate purposes may include additions to working capital, capital expenditures, repayment of debt, investments in our subsidiaries, and the repurchase, redemption or retirement of securities, including our common stock.

On July 1, 2020, we issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 2.800% Senior Notes due July 15, 2030 (the “Senior Notes”). Interest on the Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears beginning on January 15, 2021. We may redeem the Senior Notes in whole or in part (a) at any time prior to April 15, 2030, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes, plus the Applicable Premium (as calculated in accordance with the indenture governing the Senior Notes) as of, and any accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on the principal amount of Senior Notes being redeemed to, but excluding, the redemption date, and (b) on or after April 15, 2030, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on the principal amount of Senior Notes being redeemed to, but excluding, the redemption date. We used a portion of the net proceeds from the issuance of the Senior Notes to repay outstanding borrowings under the 2017 Credit Agreement, and we intend to use the remaining proceeds to fund all or a portion of the costs of any strategic acquisitions we pursue in the future, to finance the growth of our business and/or for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

On July 1, 2020, we also entered into a second amended and restated credit agreement (the “2020 Credit Agreement”), which amended and restated in its entirety our existing credit agreement (the "2017 Credit Agreement"). The 2020 Credit Agreement provides for a $750 million revolving credit facility with a term of five years and a letter of credit sublimit of $20
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million•Continuing to invest in the Ten-X auction platform. We continue to integrate the Ten-X platform with both CoStar and LoopNet to expand the audience for Ten-X auctions to include our commercial real estate users. We also plan to enhance access to Ten-X's data room information from a syndicateCoStar and LoopNet. To increase exposure of financial institutions as lendersproperties to be auctioned on Ten-X, we are allocating banner space on both our CoStar and issuing banks. On July 1, 2020, we repaidLoopNet sites for advertising for Ten-X properties. We continue to execute our plan to expand the outstanding borrowings under our existing $750 million revolving credit facility pursuantTen-X sales force and focus on increasing the number of qualified bidders and the number of owners bringing properties to the 2017 Credit Agreement usingsite. To generate brand awareness and site traffic for the proceeds fromTen-X platform, we increased our investment in marketing in 2021, as compared to 2020, and are utilizing a multi-media marketing campaign, reinforced with search engine optimization efforts. We expect to continue to work to determine the issuanceoptimal level of the Senior Notes. Funds drawn down on the revolving credit facility pursuant to the 2020 Credit Agreement may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes. The 2020 Credit Agreement, along with the proceeds from the May equity offering, the July Senior Notes offering and cash generated by our business are expected to support our continued growth and give us flexibility to act on strategic acquisition opportunities that may arise. See Note 10 and Note 14 to the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion of our recent equity and Senior Notes offerings and our 2020 Credit Agreement.marketing investment future periods.

We intend to continue to assess the need for additional investments in our business, in addition to the investments discussed above, in order to develop and distribute new services and functionality within our current platform or expand the reach of, or otherwise improve, our current service offerings. Any future product development or expansion of services, combination and coordination of services or elimination of services or corporate expansion, development or restructuring efforts could reduce our profitability and increase our capital expenditures. Any new investments, changes to our service offerings or other unforeseen events could cause us to experience reduced revenues or generate losses and negative cash flow from operations in the future. Any development efforts must comply with our credit facility, which contains restrictive covenants that restrict our operations and use of our cash flow and may prevent us from taking certain actions that we believe could increase our profitability or otherwise enhance our business.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We prepare and publicly release quarterly unaudited financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). We also disclose and discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures in our public releases, investor conference calls and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The non-GAAP financial measures that we may disclose include net income before interest (expense) income and other (expense) income, loss on debt extinguishment, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share. EBITDA is our net income before interest (expense) income and other (expense) income, loss on debt extinguishment, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. We typically disclose EBITDA on a consolidated and an operating segment basis in our earnings releases, investor conference calls and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Adjusted EBITDA is different from EBITDA because we further adjust EBITDA for stock-based compensation expense, acquisition- and integration-related costs, for pending and completed acquisitions, restructuring costs and settlements and impairments incurred outside our ordinary course of business. Adjusted EBITDA margin represents adjusted EBITDA divided by revenues for the period. Non-GAAP net income is determined by adjusting our net income for stock-based compensation expense, acquisition- and integration-related costs, for pending and completed acquisitions, restructuring costs, settlement and impairment costs incurred outside our ordinary course of business and loss on debt extinguishment, as well as amortization of acquired intangible assets and other related costs, and then subtracting an assumed provision for income taxes. Non-GAAP net income per diluted share is a non-GAAP financial measure that represents non-GAAP net income divided by the number of diluted shares outstanding for the period used in the calculation of GAAP net income per diluted share.

We may disclose adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share on a consolidated basis in our earnings releases, investor conference calls and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The non-GAAP financial measures that we use may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Also, in the future, we may disclose different non-GAAP financial measures in order to help our investors meaningfully evaluate and compare our results of operations to our previously reported results of operations or to those of other companies in our industry.

We view EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share as operating performance measures. We believe that the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP net income is net income. We believe the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures to non-GAAP net income per diluted share and adjusted EBITDA margin are net income per diluted share and net income divided by revenue, respectively. In calculating EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share, we exclude from net income the financial items that we believe should be separately identified to provide additional analysis of the financial components of the day-to-day operation of our business. We have outlined below the type and scope of these exclusions and the material limitations on the use of these non-GAAP financial measures as a result of these exclusions. EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share are not measurements of financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as a measure of liquidity, as an alternative to net income or as an indicator of any other measure of performance derived in accordance with GAAP. Investors and potential investors in our securities should not rely on EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share as a substitute for any GAAP financial measure, including net income and net income per diluted share. In addition, we urge investors and potential investors in our securities to carefully review the GAAP financial information included as part of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q that are filed with the Securities and Exchange
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Commission, as well as our quarterly earnings releases, and compare the GAAP financial information with our EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share.

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EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share may be used by management to internally measure our operating and management performance and may be used by investors as supplemental financial measures to evaluate the performance of our business. We believe that these non-GAAP measures, when viewed with our GAAP results and accompanying reconciliations, provide additional information to investors that is useful to understand the factors and trends affecting our business without the impact of certain acquisition-related items. We have spent more than 30 years building our database of commercial real estate information and expanding our markets and services partially through acquisitions of complementary businesses. Due to these acquisitions, our net income has included significant charges for amortization of acquired intangible assets, depreciation and other amortization, acquisition- and integration-related costs, for pending and completed acquisitions, restructuring costs, and loss on debt extinguishment. Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share exclude these charges and provide meaningful information about the operating performance of our business, apart from charges for amortization of acquired intangible assets, depreciation and other amortization, acquisition- and integration-related costs, for pending and completed acquisitions, restructuring costs; settlement and impairment costs incurred outside our ordinary course of business. We believe the disclosure of non-GAAP measures can help investors meaningfully evaluate and compare our performance from quarter to quarter and from year to year without the impact of these items. We also believe the non-GAAP measures we disclose are measures of our ongoing operating performance because the isolation of non-cash charges, such as amortization and depreciation, and other items, such as interest (expense) income and other (expense) income, income taxes, stock-based compensation expenses, acquisition- and integration-related costs, for pending and completed acquisitions, restructuring costs, loss on debt extinguishment and settlement and impairment costs incurred outside our ordinary course of business, provides additional information about our cost structure, and, over time, helps track our operating progress. In addition, investors, securities analysts and others have regularly relied on EBITDA and may rely on adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, non-GAAP net income or non-GAAP net income per diluted share to provide a financial measure by which to compare our operating performance against that of other companies in our industry.

Set forth below are descriptions of financial items that have been excluded from net income to calculate EBITDA and the material limitations associated with using this non-GAAP financial measure as compared to net income:

•Amortization of acquired intangible assets in cost of revenues may be useful for investors to consider because it represents the diminishing value of any acquired trade names and other intangible assets and the use of our acquired technology, which is one of the sources of information for our database of commercial real estate information. We do not believe these charges necessarily reflect the current and ongoing cash charges related to our operating cost structure.

•Amortization of acquired intangible assets in operating expenses may be useful for investors to consider because it represents the estimated attrition of our acquired customer base. We do not believe these charges necessarily reflect the current and ongoing cash charges related to our operating cost structure.

•Depreciation and other amortization may be useful for investors to consider because they generally represent the wear and tear on our property and equipment used in our operations. We do not believe these charges necessarily reflect the current and ongoing cash charges related to our operating cost structure.

•The amount of interest (expense) income and other (expense) income we generate and incur may be useful for investors to consider and may result in current cash inflows and outflows. However, we do not consider the amount of interest (expense) income and other (expense) income to be a representative component of the day-to-day operating performance of our business.

•Income tax expense may be useful for investors to consider because it generally represents the taxes which may be payable for the period and the change in deferred income taxes during the period and may reduce the amount of funds otherwise available for use in our business. However, we do not consider the amount of income tax expense to be a representative component of the day-to-day operating performance of our business.

•The amount of loss on our debt extinguishment may be useful for investors to consider because it generally represents losses from the early extinguishment of debt. However, we do not consider the amount of the loss on debt extinguishment to be a representative component of the day-to-day operating performance of our business.

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Set forth below are descriptions of additional financial items that have been excluded from EBITDA to calculate adjusted EBITDA and the material limitations associated with using this non-GAAP financial measure as compared to net income:

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•Stock-based compensation expense may be useful for investors to consider because it represents a portion of the compensation of our employees and executives. Determining the fair value of the stock-based instruments involves a high degree of judgment and estimation and the expenses recorded may bear little resemblance to the actual value realized upon the future exercise or termination of the related stock-based awards. Therefore, we believe it is useful to exclude stock-based compensation in order to better understand the long-term performance of our core business.

•The amount of acquisition- and integration-related costs for pending and completed acquisitions incurred may be useful for investors to consider because such costs generally represent professional service fees and direct expenses related to acquisitions. Because we do not acquire businesses on a predictable cycle, we do not consider the amount of acquisition- and integration-related costs for pending and completed acquisitions to be a representative component of the day-to-day operating performance of our business.

•The amount of settlement and impairment costs incurred outside of our ordinary course of business may be useful for investors to consider because they generally represent gains or losses from the settlement of litigation matters or impairments on acquired intangible assets. We do not believe these charges necessarily reflect the current and ongoing cash charges related to our operating cost structure.

•The amount of restructuring costs incurred may be useful for investors to consider because they generally represent costs incurred in connection with a change in a contract or a change in the makeup of our properties or personnel. We do not consider the amount of restructuring related costs to be a representative component of the day-to-day operating performance of our business.

The financial items that have been excluded from our net income to calculate non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share are amortization of acquired intangible assets and other related costs, stock-based compensation, acquisition- and integration-related costs, for pending and completed acquisitions, restructuring and related costs and settlement and impairment costs incurred outside our ordinary course of business. These items are discussed above with respect to the calculation of adjusted EBITDA together with the material limitations associated with using this non-GAAP financial measure as compared to net income. In addition to these exclusions from net income, we subtract an assumed provision for income taxes to calculate non-GAAP net income. In 20202021 and 2019,2020, we assumed a 25% tax rate, which approximated our historical long-term statutory corporate tax rate, excluding the impact of discrete items.

Adjusted EBITDA margin represents adjusted EBITDA divided by revenues for the period.

Non-GAAP net income per diluted share is a non-GAAP financial measure that represents non-GAAP net income divided by the number of diluted shares outstanding for the period used in the calculation of GAAP net income per diluted share.

Management compensates for the above-described limitations of using non-GAAP measures by using a non-GAAP measure only to supplement our GAAP results and to provide additional information that is useful to investors to understand the factors and trends affecting our business.

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The following table shows our net income reconciled to our EBITDA and our net cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the indicated periods (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20202019202020192021202020212020
Net incomeNet income$58,186 $78,619 $191,339 $227,036 Net income$64,304 $58,186 $199,664 $191,339 
Amortization of acquired intangible assets in cost of revenuesAmortization of acquired intangible assets in cost of revenues6,612 4,957 18,671 15,503 Amortization of acquired intangible assets in cost of revenues7,209 6,612 21,565 18,671 
Amortization of acquired intangible assets in operating expensesAmortization of acquired intangible assets in operating expenses18,258 7,586 44,677 22,443 Amortization of acquired intangible assets in operating expenses19,121 18,258 55,885 44,677 
Depreciation and other amortizationDepreciation and other amortization6,806 6,279 20,563 19,289 Depreciation and other amortization6,610 6,806 22,138 20,563 
Interest expense (income)7,537 (4,414)9,482 (13,304)
Other expense (income)338 (240)(29)(779)
Interest expense, netInterest expense, net7,943 7,537 23,698 9,482 
Other (income) expenseOther (income) expense(1,546)338 (2,343)(29)
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense10,748 20,304 33,200 49,608 Income tax expense19,031 10,748 70,933 33,200 
EBITDAEBITDA$108,485 $113,091 $317,903 $319,796 EBITDA$122,672 $108,485 $391,540 $317,903 
Net cash flows provided by (used in)Net cash flows provided by (used in)    Net cash flows provided by (used in)
Operating activitiesOperating activities$106,692 $116,451 $355,338 $350,017 Operating activities$98,929 $106,692 $319,218 $355,338 
Investing activitiesInvesting activities(36,855)(29,775)(223,880)(57,883)Investing activities$(12,715)$(36,855)$(297,505)$(223,880)
Financing activitiesFinancing activities249,544 5,460 2,665,902 (2,193)Financing activities$1,800 $249,544 $(14,338)$2,665,902 
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Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 20202021 and Three Months Ended September 30, 20192020
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The following table provides a comparison of our selected consolidated results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 20202021 and 2019September 30, 2020 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Three Months Ended
September 30,
20202019Increase (Decrease) ($)Increase (Decrease) (%)20212020Increase (Decrease) ($)Increase (Decrease) (%)
Revenues:Revenues:Revenues:
CoStar Suite$165,988 $156,013 $9,975 6 %
Information services33,174 19,471 13,703 70 
CoStarCoStar$183,265 $165,988 $17,277 10 %
Information ServicesInformation Services35,926 33,174 2,752 8 
Multifamily Multifamily155,184 125,707 29,477 23 Multifamily171,125 155,184 15,941 10 
Commercial property and land71,274 51,617 19,657 38 
LoopNet(1)
LoopNet(1)
52,527 45,084 7,443 17 
Residential(1)
Residential(1)
24,747 — 24,747 NM
Other Marketplaces(1)
Other Marketplaces(1)
31,729 26,190 5,539 21 
Total revenues Total revenues 425,620 352,808 72,812 21 Total revenues 499,319 425,620 73,699 17 
Cost of revenues Cost of revenues 77,865 71,172 6,693 9 Cost of revenues 92,597 77,865 14,732 19 
Gross profit Gross profit 347,755 281,636 66,119 23 Gross profit 406,722 347,755 58,967 17 
Operating expenses:Operating expenses:Operating expenses: 
Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization)Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization)146,634 101,582 45,052 44 Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization)180,055 146,634 33,421 23 
Software developmentSoftware development40,732 32,639 8,093 25 Software development53,143 40,732 12,411 30 
General and administrativeGeneral and administrative65,322 45,530 19,792 43 General and administrative64,671 65,322 (651)(1)
Customer base amortizationCustomer base amortization18,258 7,616 10,642 NMCustomer base amortization19,121 18,258 863 5 
Total operating expenses Total operating expenses 270,946 187,367 83,579 45 Total operating expenses 316,990 270,946 46,044 17 
Income from operationsIncome from operations76,809 94,269 (17,460)(19)Income from operations89,732 76,809 12,923 17 
Interest (expense) income(7,537)4,414 (11,951)NM
Other (expense) income(338)240 (578)NM
Interest expense, netInterest expense, net(7,943)(7,537)406 5 
Other income (expense)Other income (expense)1,546 (338)1,884 NM
Income before income taxesIncome before income taxes68,934 98,923 (29,989)(30)Income before income taxes83,335 68,934 14,401 21 
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense10,748 20,304 (9,556)(47)Income tax expense19,031 10,748 8,283 77 
Net incomeNet income$58,186 $78,619 $(20,433)(26)%Net income$64,304 $58,186 $6,118 11 
______________________________________________________________________________
NM - Not meaningfulNM - Not meaningfulNM - Not meaningful
(1) As of September 30, 2021, Commercial Property and Land revenue has been further disaggregated into LoopNet, Residential and Other Marketplaces.
(1) As of September 30, 2021, Commercial Property and Land revenue has been further disaggregated into LoopNet, Residential and Other Marketplaces.

Revenues. Revenues increased to $499 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, from $426 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, from $353 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019.2020. The $73$74 million increase was attributable to increases in revenues for several of our services, including a $29service offerings. Residential revenue increased $25 million due to the acquisitions of Homesnap and Homes.com, which contributed revenues of $17 million and $8 million, respectively for the three months ended September 30, 2021. CoStar revenues increased $17 million, or 23%10%, increase in multifamily revenue. The increase in multifamily revenues was primarily due to higher sales volume driven by an increase in customers, as well as, customers upgrading their subscriptions, and our resumption of annual price increases for contract renewals that began in September 2021. Multifamily revenues increased $16 million, or 10%, driven by higher sales volume, and to a result of recent investmentslesser extent, increases in marketing and upsells of existing customer packages to higher value advertising packages. Commercial property and landpricing. LoopNet revenue increased $20$7 million or 38%, due to revenue of $12 million from the acquisition of Ten-X, in addition to growth in sales of our LoopNet online marketplace services17% as a result of stronger traffic, drivingwhich drove sales of higher value advertisements as compared to the prior year. Other Marketplaces revenue increased $6 million, or 21%, driven by an increase in Ten-X revenue of $3 million, as a result of higher value assets sold, and increased Land for Sale revenue of $1 million. Information Services revenue increased $3 million, or 8%, due to increased revenue of $2 million and $1 million from our STR and Real Estate Manager service offerings, respectively.

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Gross Profit. Gross profit increased to $407 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, from $348 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, and the gross profit percentage was 81% for the three months ended September 30, 2021, which was consistent with the three months ended September 30, 2020, due to higher revenues that were partially offset by an increase in cost of revenues of $15 million, or 19%. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily due to an increase of $14 million due to the acquisitions of Homesnap and Homes.com, driven by increases in both personnel and data costs directly attributable to those services.

Selling and Marketing Expenses. Selling and marketing expenses increased to $180 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, from $147 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The $33 million increase was attributable to a $19 million increase in marketing expenses, primarily due to a $16 million increase in marketing agency spending, led by LoopNet and Ten-X, and a $3 million increase in events spending. There were also increases in personnel costs of $8 million, primarily due to the Homesnap and Homes.com acquisitions, as well as, travel and entertainment and conference costs of $2 million and $1 million, respectively.

Software Development Expenses. Software development expenses increased to $53 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, from $41 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, and increased as a percentage of revenues to 11% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 from 10% and for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The $12 million increase was primarily due to a $11 million increase in personnel costs driven by the Homesnap and Homes.com acquisitions, as well as, increased headcount to support the development of our products.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses remained consistent at $65 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and decreased as a percentage of revenues to 13% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 from 15% for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Increases of $3 million in general and administrative expenses from the Homesnap and Homes.com acquisitions. In addition, there was an increase of of $1 million in software and $1 million in occupancy costs. These increases were offset by a $4 million decrease in credit loss expense due to better than expected collections, as well as, a $2 million decrease in professional services.

Customer Base Amortization Expense. Customer base amortization expense increased to $19 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 from $18 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, and remained consistent as a percentage of revenues at 4% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. The increase in customer base amortization expense was primarily due to the Homesnap and Homes.com acquisitions.

Interest Expense, net. Interest expense, net remained consistent for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

Other Income (Expense). Other income (expense), increased to $2 million in income for the three months ended September 30, 2021 from $0.3 million of expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in other income was due to rental income on the Richmond building, as well as, increases in foreign exchange gains.

Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense increased to $19 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, from $11 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to a decrease in excess tax benefits as well as, higher income before taxes.

Comparison of Business Segment Results for Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

We manage our business geographically in two operating segments, with our primary areas of measurement and decision-making being North America, which includes the U.S. and Canada, and International, which primarily includes Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America. Management relies on an internal management reporting process that provides revenue and operating segment EBITDA, which is our net income before interest (expense) income and other (expense) income, loss on debt extinguishment, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Management believes that operating segment EBITDA is an appropriate measure for evaluating the operational performance of our operating segments. EBITDA is used by management to internally measure our operating and management performance and to evaluate the performance of our business. However, this measure should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for or superior to, income from operations or other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.

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Segment Revenues. North America revenues increased to $483 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, from $411 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The $72 million increase in North America revenues was attributable to increases in revenues for several of our service offerings, including an increase in Residential revenue of $25 million due to the acquisitions of Homesnap and Homes.com, which contributed revenues of $17 million and $8 million, respectively for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Multifamily revenues increased $16 million, due to higher sales volume, and to a lesser extent, increases in pricing. CoStar revenues increased $16 million due to higher sales volume driven by an increase in customers, as well as, customers upgrading their subscriptions, and the resumption of annual price increases for contract renewals that began in September 2021. LoopNet revenue increased $7 million as a result of stronger traffic, which drove sales of higher value advertisements as compared to the prior year. Other Marketplaces revenue increased $6 million, driven by an increase in Ten-X and Land for Sale revenue. Information Services revenue increased $3 million, due to increased revenue from our STR and Real Estate Manager service offerings. International revenues increased to $16 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, from $15 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in International revenues was primarily due to growth in our CoStar product revenue.

Segment EBITDA. North America EBITDA increased to $120 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, from $108 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in North America EBITDA was primarily due to an increase in revenue, partially offset by increases in personnel, marketing and general and administrative costs. International EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was $3 million, as compared to $1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, the increase was due to increased revenue and decreased general administrative costs, partially offset by increases in personnel and marketing costs.
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Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

The following table provides a comparison of our selected consolidated results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20212020Increase (Decrease) ($)Increase (Decrease) (%)
Revenues:
CoStar$532,428 $495,997 $36,431 7 %
Information Services105,779 96,092 9,687 10 
Multifamily508,629 438,185 70,444 16 
LoopNet(1)
152,852 131,604 21,248 16 
Residential(1)
53,939 — 53,939 NM
Other Marketplaces(1)
83,722 52,748 30,974 59 
Total revenues                                                 1,437,349 1,214,626 222,723 18 
Cost of revenues                                                 270,911 230,814 40,097 17 
Gross profit                                                 1,166,438 983,812 182,626 19 
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization)483,354 402,202 81,152 20 
Software development148,500 121,343 27,157 22 
General and administrative186,747 181,598 5,149 3 
Customer base amortization55,885 44,677 11,208 25 
Total operating expenses                                                 874,486 749,820 124,666 17 
Income from operations291,952 233,992 57,960 25 
Interest expense, net(23,698)(9,482)14,216 NM
Other income2,343 29 2,314 NM
Income before income taxes270,597 224,539 46,058 21 
Income tax expense70,933 33,200 37,733 NM
Net income$199,664 $191,339 $8,325 4 
__________________________
NM - Not meaningful
(1) As of September 30, 2021, Commercial Property and Land revenue has been further disaggregated into LoopNet, Residential and Other Marketplaces.

Revenues. Revenues increased to $1,437 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, from $1,215 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The $222 million increase was attributable to increases in revenues for several of our service offerings. Multifamily revenues increased $70 million, or 16%, primarily due to higher sales volume and upgrades of existing customers to higher value advertising packages earlier in 2021. Residential revenues increased $54 million due to the acquisitions of Homesnap and Homes.com, which contributed revenues of $42 million and $12 million, respectively. CoStar revenues increased $36 million, or 7%, due to higher sales volume driven by an increase in customers, as well as, customers upgrading their subscriptions, and the resumption of annual price increases for contract renewals that began in September 2021. Other Marketplaces revenue increased $31 million, or 59%, primarily driven by the Ten-X acquisition, which had an increase in revenue of $27 million due to two additional quarters of revenue compared to the prior year. LoopNet revenues increased $21 million, or 16%, as a result of stronger traffic, which drove sales of higher value advertisements as compared to the prior year. Information servicesServices revenue increased $14$10 million, or 70%10%, primarily due to increased revenue of $13$4 million each from our Real Estate Manager and STR which was acquired in the fourth quarter of 2019. CoStar Suite revenues increased $10 million, or 6%, primarily due to renewal price increases from prior periods and, to a lesser extent, higher sales volume.service offerings.

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Gross Profit. Gross profit increased to $348$1,166 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2021, from $984 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from $282 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, and the gross profit percentage was 82%remained consistent at 81% for the threenine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to 80% for the three months ended September 30, 2019.2021 and 2020. The increase in gross profit was due to higher revenues partially impacted by an increase in cost of revenues of $7$40 million, or 9%17%, primarily due to higher personnel costsan increase of $4$37 million and intangible asset amortization of $2 million, primarily due to the acquisitions of STRTen-X, Homesnap and Ten-X.Homes.com, driven by increases in personnel and data costs, and to a lesser extent, increases in software and equipment costs and bank and merchant fees.

Selling and Marketing Expenses. Selling and marketing expenses increased to $147$483 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, from $102$402 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2019.2020. The $45$81 million increase was primarily attributable todriven by a $17$51 million increase in marketing expenses, driven by a $35 million increase in marketing agency spending, and a $15 million increase in search engine
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marketing, primarily for multifamily, as well asLoopNet and Ten-X, and to a $3 million increaselesser extent, increases in digital and other forms of marketing andincluding events. There was also a $13$27 million increase in personnel costs. Thecosts, primarily attributable to the Ten-X, Homesnap, and Homes.com acquisitions, and to a lesser extent, an increase in personnel costs was driven by increased headcount, as a resultcommissions expense for other products of the acquisitions of STR and Ten-X, as well as higher sales commissions. These increases were partially offset by a $3 million decrease in travel and entertainment expense.$8 million.

Software Development Expenses. Software development expenses increased to $41$149 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2021, from $121 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from $33 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, and increasedremained consistent as a percentage of revenues toat 10% for the threenine months ended September 30, 2020 from 9% for2021, and the threenine months ended September 30, 2019.2020. The $8$27 million increase was primarily due to a $7$25 million increase in personnel costs driven by the Ten-X, Homesnap, and Homes.com acquisitions, as well as, increased headcount to enhancesupport the development of our product offerings, including $3 million dueproducts, and to the acquisitions of STR and Ten-X, as well as a $1lesser extent, a $2 million increase in occupancy costs.software equipment expense.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased to $65$187 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2021, from $182 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from $46 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, and increaseddecreased as a percentage of revenues to 15%13% for the threenine months ended September 30, 20202021 from 13%15% for the threenine months ended September 30, 2019.2020. The $19$5 million increase in the amount of general and administrative expense was primarily due to a $11 million increase in personnel costs as a result of increased headcount driven by thean increase of $8 million in general and administrative expenses from Ten-X, Homesnap and Homes.com, as well as, increases excluding acquisitions of STR and Ten-X, a $4 million increasein software equipment expense, $3 million in depreciation, $2 million in professional services, drivenand $2 million in personnel costs. These increases were partially offset by acquisitions, a $3$14 million increasedecrease in credit loss expense primarily due to the Company's expectation thatbetter than expected collections, resulting in updated assumptions regarding credit losses and a decrease in reserves previously increased due to uncertainty about the economic downturn caused by theeffects of COVID-19 pandemic will increase delinquent trade receivables, and a $2 million increase in software and equipment costs.pandemic.

Customer Base Amortization Expense. Customer base amortization expense increased to $18$56 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2021 from $45 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from $8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, and increasedremained consistent as a percentage of revenues toat 4% for the threenine months ended September 30, 2020 from 2% for the three months ended September 30, 2019.2021 and 2020. The increase in customer base amortization expense was primarily due to the STRTen-X, Homesnap, and Ten-XHomes.com acquisitions.

Interest (Expense) IncomeExpense, net. Interest (expense) incomeexpense, net was a net expense of $8$23 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 20202021, as compared to net interest income of $4$9 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2019.2020. The decreaseincrease of $14 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 20202021 was primarily due to interest expense of $7$21 million recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 on our Senior Notes issued on July 1, 2020 as well ascompared to $7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. In addition, there was a decrease of $5$4 million in interest income caused by lower rates of return on our cash and cash equivalent balances compared to the prior year. These changes were partially offset by prior year interest expense of $5 million incurred on the $745 million draw on our revolving credit facility in the first quarter of 2020.

Other (Expense) Income. Other (expense) income, which is comprised primarily of foreign exchange gains and losses and other non-operating income and expenses, did not change materiallyincreased to $2 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2020 and2021 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.2020. The increase in other income was due to rental income on the Richmond building, partially offset by decreases in foreign exchange gains due to rate fluctuations.

Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense decreasedincreased to $11$71 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 20202021, from $20$33 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2019.2020. The decreaseincrease was primarily due to lower income before income taxes, as well as an increasea decrease in excess tax benefits.benefits, higher income before taxes, and a tax restructuring gain.

Comparison of Business Segment Results for ThreeNine Months Ended September 30, 20202021 and ThreeNine Months Ended September 30, 20192020

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We manage our business geographically in two operating segments, with our primary areas of measurement and decision-making being North America, which includes the U.S. and Canada, and International, which primarily includes Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America. Management relies on an internal management reporting process that provides revenue and operating segment EBITDA, which is our net income before interest (expense) income and other (expense) income, loss on debt extinguishment, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Management believes that operating segment EBITDA is an appropriate measure for evaluating the operational performance of our operating segments. EBITDA is used by management to internally measure our operating and management performance and to evaluate the performance of our business. However, this measure should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for or superior to, income from operations or other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Segment Revenues. North America revenues increased to $411$1,388 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, from $344$1,173 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2019.2020. The $216 million increase in North America revenues was attributable to increases in revenues for several of our services, including a $29services. Multifamily revenues increased $70 million, primarily due to higher sales volume and upgrades of existing customers to higher value advertising packages earlier in 2021. Residential revenues increased $54 million due to the acquisitions of Homesnap and Homes.com, which contributed revenues of $42 million and $12 million, respectively. CoStar revenues increased $32 million, due to higher sales volume driven by an increase in multifamily revenuescustomers, as well as, customers upgrading their subscriptions, and the resumption of annual price increases for contract renewals that began in September 2021. Other Marketplaces revenue increased $31 million, primarily driven by higher salesthe Ten-X acquisition. LoopNet revenues increased $20 million as a result of recent investments in marketing and upgrades of existing customer packages to higher value advertising packages. Commercial property and land revenues increased $20 million primarily due to the acquisition of Ten-X, and to a lesser extent, stronger traffic, drivingwhich drove sales of higher value advertisements in our LoopNet service offering. CoStar Suite and
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information servicesas compared to the prior year. Information Services revenue increased $9 million. The increase in CoStar Suite revenue was$8 million, primarily due to renewal price increasesincreased revenue from our Real Estate Manager and to a lesser extent, higher sales volume. The increase in information services was primarily due to the acquisition of STR.STR service offerings. International revenues increased to $15 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, from $9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in International revenues was primarily due to the acquisition of STR.

Segment EBITDA. North America EBITDA decreased to $108 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, from $116 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in North America EBITDA was primarily due to increases in personnel, marketing and general and administrative costs, partially offset by an increase in revenue. International EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was income of $0.6 million, as compared to a loss of $3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, as a result of increased revenue, offset by increases in personnel and general and administrative costs due to the acquisition of STR.

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Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

The following table provides a comparison of our selected consolidated results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20202019Increase (Decrease) ($)Increase (Decrease) (%)
Revenues:
    CoStar Suite$495,997 $456,539 $39,458 9 %
    Information services96,09259,09836,994 63 
    Multifamily438,185360,46377,722 22 
    Commercial property and land184,352148,89335,459 24 
Total revenues                1,214,626 1,024,993 189,633 19 
Cost of revenues                                                 230,814 214,243 16,571 8 
Gross profit                                                 983,812 810,750 173,062 21 
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization)402,202 308,751 93,451 30 
Software development121,343 89,022 32,321 36 
General and administrative181,598 127,943 53,655 42 
Customer base amortization44,677 22,473 22,204 99 
Total operating expenses                                                 749,820 548,189 201,631 37 
Income from operations233,992 262,561 (28,569)(11)
Interest (expense) income(9,482)13,304 (22,786)NM
Other income29 779 (750)(96)
Income before income taxes224,539 276,644 (52,105)(19)
Income tax expense33,200 49,608 (16,408)(33)
Net income$191,339 $227,036 $(35,697)(16)%
__________________________
NM - Not meaningful
Revenues. Revenues increased to $1,215$49 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, from $1,025 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The $190 million increase was attributable to increases in revenues for several of our services, including, a $78 million, or 22%, increase in multifamily revenue. The multifamily increase was due to higher sales volume as a result of recent investments in marketing and upsells of existing customer packages to higher value advertising packages. CoStar Suite revenues increased $39 million, or 9%, primarily due to renewal price increases from prior periods, and to a lesser extent, higher sales volume. Information services revenue increased $37 million, or 63%, primarily due to revenue of $39 million from STR, which was acquired in the fourth quarter of 2019, partially offset by a decrease in revenue from Real Estate Manager of $2 million. Commercial property and land revenue increased $35 million, or 24%, primarily due to growth in our LoopNet online marketplace services of $22 million as a result of stronger traffic, driving sales of higher value advertisements, and revenue of $12 million from the acquisition of Ten-X.

Gross Profit. Gross profit increased to $984 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from $811 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and the gross profit percentage was 81% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to 79% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in gross profit was due to higher revenues partially offset by an increase in cost of revenues of $17 million, or 8%, primarily due to higher personnel costs of $10 million, including $8 million from the acquisitions of STR and Ten-X, merchant fees of $3 million, amortization of $3 million, IT equipment of $2 million and software maintenance costs of $2 million, partially offset by lower travel and entertainment costs of $2 million during the current year.

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Selling and Marketing Expenses. Selling and marketing expenses increased to $402 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from $309 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The $93 million increase was attributable to increases of $43 million in search engine marketing and $23 million in marketing agency fees, primarily related to multifamily, and a $34 million increase in personnel costs driven by increased headcount, primarily due to additional multifamily sales personnel and the acquisitions of STR and Ten-X, as well as higher sales commissions. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $4 million in other forms of marketing, driven by a decrease in spending on events.

Software Development Expenses. Software development expenses increased to $121 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from $89 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and increased as a percentage of revenues to 10% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from 9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The $32 million increase in the amount of software development expense was primarily due to a $28 million increase in personnel costs as a result of increased headcount to enhance our product offerings, including $8 million due to the acquisitions of STR and Ten-X, as well as increases of $2 million in both supplies and office services and occupancy costs.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased to $182 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from $128 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and increased as a percentage of revenues to 15% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from 12% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The $54 million increase in the amount of general and administrative expense was primarily due to a $25 million increase in personnel costs as a result of increased headcount, including $16 million as a result of the acquisitions of STR and Ten-X, a $14 million increase in credit loss expense primarily due to the Company's expectations that the economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic will increase delinquent trade receivables, a $10 million increase in professional services related to acquisitions, and, to a lesser extent, additional increases in both software and equipment and occupancy costs.

Customer Base Amortization Expense. Customer base amortization expense increased to $45 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $22 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and increased as a percentage of revenues to 4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from 2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in customer base amortization expense was primarily due to the STR and Ten-X acquisitions.

Interest (Expense) Income. Interest (expense) income was a net expense of $9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to net income of $13 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was due to an increase in interest expense of $12 million, of which, $5 million and $7 million was related to the $745 million draw on the 2017 Credit Agreement in the first quarter of 2020 and our Senior Notes issued on July 1, 2020, respectively. In addition, there was a decrease of $11 million in interest income caused by lower rates of return on our cash and cash equivalent balances compared to the prior year.

Other Income. Other income, which is comprised primarily of foreign exchange gains and losses and other non-operating income and expenses, did not change materially for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense decreased to $33 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $50 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to lower income before income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as well as an increase in excess tax benefits.

Comparison of Business Segment Results for Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

Segment Revenues. North America revenues increased to $1.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from $1.0 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in North America revenues was attributable to increases in revenues for several of our services, including a $78 million increase in multifamily revenues driven by higher sales as a result of recent investments in marketing and upsells of existing customer packages to higher value advertising packages, and increases in CoStar Suite revenues of $37 million primarily due to price increases upon renewal of subscriptions in the past nine months, and to a lesser extent, higher sales. Commercial property and land revenues increased $36 million primarily due to growth in our LoopNet service offering and the acquisition of Ten-X. Information services increased $24 million due to the acquisition of STR. International revenues increased to $42 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from $27 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.2020. The increase in International revenues was primarily due to the acquisition of STR.favorable changes in foreign exchange rates, as well as, growth in our CoStar and STR product revenue.

Segment EBITDA. North America EBITDA decreasedincreased to $386 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, from $323 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from $327 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.2020. The decreaseincrease in North America EBITDA was primarily due
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to an increase in revenue, partially offset by increases in personnel, marketing and general and administrative costs, partially offset by an increase in revenue.costs. International EBITDA increasedfor the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was income of $6 million, as compared to a loss of $5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from a loss of $7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily as a result ofincrease was due to increased revenue and lower general and administrative costs, partially offset by increases in personnel and general and administrativemarketing costs.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of ongoing liquidity are cash from operations and more recently, proceeds from our debt and equity offerings. Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash increased to approximately $3.9 billion$3,762 million as of September 30, 2020,2021, compared to cash and cash equivalents of approximately $1.1 billion$3,756 million as of December 31, 2019.2020. The increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash for the nine months ended September 30, 20202021 was primarily due to proceeds from our May 2020 equity offering, net of transaction costs, of $1.7 billion, as well as proceeds from the July 2020 issuance of our Senior Notes, net of transaction costs, of $983 million. In addition, cash generated from operations contributed $355of $319 million and proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan of $15 million, partially offset by cash paid for acquisitions net of cash acquired,$153 million, purchases of $192property and equipment and other intangibles of $145 million, which includes $123 million for the purchase of an office building and the underlying land located in Richmond, Virginia, as well as, repurchases of restricted stock to satisfy tax withholding obligations of $29 million.

In May 2020, we completed a public equity offering of 2,633,587 shares of common stock for $655 per share and on July 1, 2020, we issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes, entered into the 2020 Credit Agreement, which amended and restated in its entirety the 2017 Credit Agreement, and repaid in full the balance on the existing $750 million revolving credit facility under the 2017 Credit Agreement. For further discussion of our recent equity and Senior Notes offerings and our 2020 Credit Agreement, see “—Overview—Development, Investments and Expansion” and Note 10 and Note 14 to the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 20202021 was approximately $355$319 million compared to approximately $350$355 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.2020. The $5$36 million increasedecrease was primarily due to a decrease in net working capital of $70 million, driven by payment of the $52 million termination fee pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement with RentPath in the first quarter of 2021. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in net income excluding certain non-cash expenses such as depreciation and amortization and credit loss expense, partially offset by a decrease in the change in working capital.amortization.

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 20202021 was approximately $224$298 million compared to approximately $58$224 million of cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.2020. The $166$74 million increase in cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily due to an increase in purchases of property, equipment and other assets which included $123 million for the purchase of an office building and the underlying land located in Richmond, Virginia, partially offset by a decrease in cash paid for acquisitions net of cash acquired, as a result of the acquisition of Ten-X for $184$39 million, during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $14 million used in the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was partially offset byand proceeds from the sale of our ARS investments of $10 million received during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as well as, a decrease.
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Net cash used in capital expenditures to $42 million compared to $44 million infinancing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Net cash2021 was approximately $14 million compared to approximately $2.7 billion provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was approximately $2.7 billion     compared to approximately $2 million used2020. The decrease in cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The $2.7 billion increase is primarily due to proceeds from our May 2020 equity offering, net of transaction costs, of $1.7 billion, as well as, proceeds from the issuance of our July 1, 2020 Senior Notes, net of transaction costs, of $983 million. We expect to usemillion during the proceeds from these transactions to fund all or a portion of the costs of any strategic acquisitions we pursue in the future, to finance the growth of our business and for working capital and other general corporate purposes. The increased cash position allows for greater financial flexibility in light of ongoing uncertainty in the global markets resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. See Notes 10 and 14 to the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion of our equity offering and Senior Notes.nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, among others, our operating results, expansion and integration efforts, and our level of acquisition activity or other strategic transactions, and the future impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.transactions. To date, we have grown in part by acquiring other companies, and we expect to continue to make other acquisitions in the future. For example, on June 24, 2020, we acquired Ten-X for a purchase price of $187 million in cash. Our wholly owned subsidiary entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement to acquire all of the equity interests of reorganized RentPath, following an internal restructuring pursuant to a chapter 11 plan of reorganization, for $588 million in cash. On July 29, 2020, we exercised our option pursuant to the asset purchase agreement for the RentPath acquisition to extend the Outside Date under that agreement for an additional three months until November 12, 2020, in exchange for payment of $7.5 million. In accordance with the Asset Purchase Agreement, we paid a $59 million break fee into a cash escrow account. In the event the Asset Purchase Agreement is terminated under specified circumstances and either certain antitrust approvals are not obtained, or a governmental order related to antitrust or competition matters prohibits the consummation of the transaction, this amount is not refundable to us. As the transaction had not closed as of September 30, 2020, the break fee is recorded as restricted cash within cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 5 to the
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accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion.acquisitions.

On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed into lawthe U.S. Congress passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"). The CARES Act, among other things, includes provisions relating to the deferral of taxes, valuation allowances, and balance sheet classifications, as well as provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferral of employer social security payments, net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. As permitted under the CARES Act, we are currently deferringdeferred payroll taxes dueof $10 million as of September 30, 2021. We intend to remit all amounts previously deferred in 2020 to 2021 and 2022.the fourth quarter of 2021.

On October 1, 2021, CoStar UK Limited ("CoStar UK"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, purchased from M.A.J.E Marketing & Stratégie and an individual all of the outstanding equity interests in ComReal Info, a French société par actions simplifiéee, for €35 million, $41 million equivalent, in cash subject to customary working capital and other post-closing adjustments. Based in Paris, ComReal Info owns and operates BureauxLocaux, a leading commercial real estate digital marketplace in France. We used cash on hand to finance the acquisition.

As of the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we believe that our available cash combined with positive cash flowsflow provided by operating activities should be sufficient for us to maintain and fund our operations for at least the next twelve months. Our ability to maintain adequate capital for our operations in the future is dependentdepends upon numerous rapidly evolving factors, many of which we cannot accurately predict or assess, including, among others, the length and severity of the economic downturn associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, related disruption of the international and national economy and credit markets;markets associated with the COVID-19 pandemic; actions taken by governments, businesses and individuals in response to the pandemic such as office and other workplace closures, worker turn over, worker absenteeism, remote work policies, quarantines, mass-transit disruptions or other travel or health-related restrictions; how quickly economies, including the commercial real estate industry in particular, recover after the pandemic subsidies;subsides; sales of our services; and collection of accounts receivables. We plan to continue to monitor and evaluate the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as it evolves.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the period reported. The following accounting policies involve a “critical accounting estimate” because they are particularly dependent on estimates and assumptions made by management about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimates are made. In addition, while we have used our best estimates based on facts and circumstances available to us at the time, different acceptable assumptions would yield different results. Changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period, which may have a material impact on the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations. We review these estimates and assumptions periodically and reflect the effects of revisions in the period that they are determined to be necessary. We consider policies relating to the following matters to be critical accounting policies:

•Long-lived assets, intangible assets and goodwill
•Revenue recognition
•Income taxes
•Business combinations

For an in-depth discussion of each of our significant accounting policies, including our critical accounting policies and further information regarding estimates and assumptions involved in their application, see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20192020 and Note 2 to the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statementscondensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information on recent accounting pronouncements, including the expected dates of adoption.None.

Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements

We have made forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and make forward-looking statements in our press releases, investor conference calls, Annual Reports on Form 10-K, other Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include information that is not purely historic fact and include, without limitation, statements concerning our financial outlook for the remainderfourth quarter of 20202021 and beyond, our possible or assumed future results of operations generally, and other statements and information regarding assumptions or expectations about our revenues, revenue growth rates, gross margin percentage, net income, net income per share, fully diluted net income per share, EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, non-
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GAAPnon-generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) net income, non-GAAP net income per share, weighted-average outstanding shares, cash flow from operating activities, operating costs, capital and other expenditures, the current and future impacts of COVID-19 on our operations, our actions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, key priorities for the remainder of 2020,2021, trends in customer behavior, legal proceedings and claims, legal costs, effective tax rate, pending acquisitions, the anticipated benefits of completed or proposed acquisitions, the anticipated timing for integration of acquisition closings and integration,completed acquisitions, the anticipated benefits of cross-selling efforts, product development and release, geographic and product expansion, planned service enhancements, expansion and development of our sales forces, planned sales and marketing activities and investments, the impact or results of sales and marketing initiatives, product integrations, elimination and de-emphasizing of services, plans related to the Ten-X business, investments in residential marketplace services and our residential marketplace strategy, net new sales, contract renewal rates, use of proceeds from equity and debt offerings, the use of proceeds of any draws under our $750 million credit facility under the 2020(the “2020 Credit Agreement, expectations regarding our compliance with financialAgreement”), employee relations, attrition and restrictive covenants in the 2020 Credit Agreement, employee relations,retention, management’s plans, goals and objectives for future operations, deferral of tax payments, and sources and adequacy of liquidity.liquidity, and growth and markets for our stock. Sections of this Report which contain forward-looking statements include the Financial Statements and related Notes, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” “Controls and Procedures,” “Legal Proceedings” and “Risk Factors.”

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Our forward-looking statements are also identified by words such as “hope,” “anticipate,” “may,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “will,” “should,” “plan,” “estimate,” “predict,” “continue” and “potential” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. You should understand that these forward-looking statements are estimates reflecting our judgment, beliefs and expectations, not guarantees of future performance. They are subject to a number of assumptions, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. The following important factors, in addition to those discussed or referred to under the heading “Risk Factors,” and other unforeseen events or circumstances, could affect our future results and could cause those results or other outcomes to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements: the effects of and uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, including the length and severity of the economic downturn associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including disruption of the international and national economy and credit markets; actions taken by governments, businesses and individuals in response to the COVID-19 pandemic such as office and other workplace closures, worker absenteeism or decreased productivity, quarantines, mass-transit disruptions or other travel or health-related restrictions; how quickly economies, including the commercial real estate industry in particular, recover after the COVID-19 pandemic subsides; real estate market conditions, including commercial real estate market conditions;office vacancies; general economic conditions, both domestic and international, including the impacts of “Brexit” and uncertainty from the expected discontinuance of LIBOR and the transition to any other interest rate benchmark;benchmarks; our ability to identify, acquire and acquireintegrate additional acquisition candidates; the possibility that the acquisition of RentPath does not close when expected or at all; the risk that the bankruptcy process may cause greater business disruption for RentPath than expected; our ability to realize the expected benefits, cost savings or other synergies from acquisitions, including STR, Ten-X, Homesnap, Homes.com and RentPath,ComReal Info, on a timely basis or at all; our ability to combine acquired businesses successfully or in a timely and cost-efficient manner; business disruption relating to integration of acquired businesses;businesses or other business initiatives; the risk that expected investments in acquired businesses, or the timing of any such investments, may change or may not produce the expected results; our ability to transition acquired service platforms to our model in a timely manner or at all; changes and developments in business plans andor operations; theft of any personally identifiable information we, or the businesses that we acquire, maintain, store or process; any actual or perceived failure to comply with privacy or data protection laws, regulations or standards; any disruption of our systems, including due to any cyberattack or other similar event; the amount of investment for sales and marketing and our ability to realize a return on investments in sales and marketing; our ability to effectively and strategically combine, eliminate or de-emphasize service offerings; reductions in revenues as a result of service changes; the time and resources required to develop upgraded or new services and to expand service offerings; changes or consolidations within the commercial real estate industry; customer retention; our ability to attract new clients and to sell additional or higher value services to existing clients; our ability to develop, successfully introduce and cross-sell new products or upgraded services in U.S. and foreign markets; our ability to attract consumers to our online marketplaces; our ability to increase traffic on our network of sites; the success of our marketing campaigns in generating brand awareness and site traffic; our ability to protect and defend our intellectual property, including against unauthorized or unlicensed use of our services; competition; foreign currency fluctuations; global credit market conditions affecting investments; our ability to continue to expand successfully, timely and in a cost-efficient manner, including internationally; our ability to effectively penetrate and gain acceptance in new sectors and international geographies; our ability to control costs; litigation or government investigations in which we become involved; changes in accounting policies or practices; release of new and upgraded services or entry into new markets by us or our competitors; data quality; expansion, growth, developmentour ability to expand, develop or reorganizationreorganize or reorient of our sales force;forces; employee retention, including retention of key employees and employees of acquired businesses; our ability to hire additional employees to fill vacant or new roles; technical problems with our services; managerial execution; changes in relationships with real estate agents, brokers, owners, property managers and other strategic partners; legal and regulatory issues, including any actual or perceived failure to comply with U.S. or international laws, rules or regulations; and successful adoption of and training on our services; competitive conditions; and the availability of capital.

Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of, and are based on information available to us on, the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (unless otherwise indicated). All subsequent
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written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to update any such statements or release publicly any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect new information or events or circumstances after the date of this Report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.


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Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We provide information, analytics and online marketplace services to commercial real estate and related business communities within the regions where we operate which primarily include, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Latin America. The functional currency for a majority of our operations is the local currency, with the exception of certain STR international locations for which the functional currency is the British Pound.

Fluctuations in the British Pound, Canadian dollar and Euro may have an impact on ourour business, results of operations and financial position. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, revenues2021, revenues denominated in foreign currencies waswere approximately 4% and 5%4%, respectively, of total revenue, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020,2021 our revenues would have decreased by approximately $1.9$2 million and $5.6$5 million, respectively, if the U.S. dollar exchange rate used strengthened by 10%. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020,2021, our revenues would have increased by approximately $1.9$2 million and $5.6$5 million, respectively, if the U.S. dollar exchange rate used weakened by 10%. In addition, we have assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. We currently do not use financial instruments to hedge our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations with respect to our foreign subsidiaries. We may seek to enter into hedging transactions in the future to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations, but we may be unable to enter into hedging transactions successfully, on acceptable terms or at all. As of September 30, 2020,2021, accumulated other comprehensive lossincome included a lossgain from foreign currency translation adjustments of approximately $12$5.3 million.

We do not have material exposure to market risks associated with changes in interest rates related to cash equivalent securities held as of September 30, 2020.2021. As of September 30, 2020,2021, we had $3.9$3.8 billion of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. If there is an increase or decrease in interest rates, there will be a corresponding increase or decrease in the amount of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents. We currently diversify our cash and cash equivalents holdings amongst multiple financial institutions.institutions and AAA rated Government and Treasury Money Market Funds.

We are subject to interest rate market risk in connection with our new revolving credit facility. On July 1, 2020, we entered into the 2020 Credit Agreement, which provides for variable rate borrowings of up to $750 million. On July 1, 2020, we issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 2.800% Senior Notes due July 15, 2030. Changes in interest rates would not have a material impact to our current interest and debt financing expense, as all our borrowings except for our credit facility are fixed rate, and our credit facility is currently undrawn as of September 30, 2020.2021. See Note 10 to the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statementscondensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information regarding our 2020 Credit Agreement.

We had approximately $2.4$2.7 billion of goodwill and intangible assets as of September 30, 2020.2021. As of September 30, 2020,2021, we believe our intangible assets will be recoverable; however, changes in the economy, including due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the businessindustry in which we operate and our own relative performance could change the assumptions used to evaluate intangible asset recoverability. In the event that we determine that an asset has been impaired, we would recognize an impairment charge equal to the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the asset. We continue to monitor these assumptions and their effect on the estimated recoverability of our intangible assets.




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Item 4.Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

As of September 30, 2020,2021, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 20202021 and were operating at a reasonable assurance level.

We continue to implement a financial system that is designed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of our operational and financial accounting processes. This implementation is expected to continue beyond 2020.2021. Consistent with any process change that we implement, the design of the internal controls has and will continue to be evaluated for effectiveness as part of our overall assessment of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. We expect that the implementation of this system will further improve our internal controls over financial reporting.

Other than the implementation of a new financial system noted above, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We continue to monitor and assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and our response to the pandemic on our internal controls so we can take appropriate actions to minimize any impact on the design and operating effectiveness.




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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.Legal Proceedings

Currently, and from time to time, we are involved in litigation incidental to the conduct of our business. We are not currently a party to any lawsuit or proceeding that, in the opinion of our management based on consultations with legal counsel, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. See Note 12 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statementscondensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion.

Item 1A.Risk Factors

Except as updated in our Quarterly Reports for the periods ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020, there have been no material changesIn addition to the Risk Factors as previouslyother information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors disclosed in Part I, “Item 1A Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20192020 (the “2019“2020 Form 10-K”), which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our 20192020 Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or results of operations. There have been no material changes to the Risk Factors as previously disclosed in Part I, “Item 1A Risk Factors” in our 2020 Form 10-K.
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Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table is a summary of our repurchases of common stock during each of the three months in the quarter ended September 30, 2020:2021:

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Month, 2020Total Number of
Shares
Purchased		Average
Price Paid
per Share		Total Number of
Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Plans or
Programs		Maximum
Number of Shares
that May Yet Be
Purchased Under
the Plans or
Programs
July 1 through July 31102 $691.63 — — 
August 1 through August 31— — — — 
September 1 through September 30370 856.85 — — 
Total472 (1)$849.67 — — 
__________________________
2021
Total Number of
Shares
Purchased (1)
Average
Price Paid
per Share (1)
Total Number of
Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Plans or
Programs		Maximum
Number of Shares
that May Yet Be
Purchased Under
the Plans or
Programs
July 1 through 318,300 $82.82 — — 
August 1 through 31183 84.45 — — 
September 1 through 302,071 85.38 — — 
Total10,554 

$84.06 — — 
__________________________
(1) The number of shares purchased consists of shares of common stock tendered by employees to the Company to satisfy the employees' minimum tax withholding obligations arising as a result of vesting of restricted stock grants under the Company's 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, and the Company’s 2016 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, which shares were purchased by the Company based on their fair market value on the trading day immediately preceding the vesting date. None of these share purchases were part of a publicly announced program to purchase common stock of the Company.


Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.Other Information

None.

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Item 6.Exhibits
Exhibit No.Description
3.1
ThirdFourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 6, 2013)7, 2021).
3.2
Third Amended and Restated By-Laws (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 24, 2013).
4.1
Indenture, dated as of July 1, 2020, by and among CoStar Group, Inc., as issuer, the guarantors named therein and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee, relating to the 2.800% Senior Notes due 2030, including the form of 2.800% Senior Notes due 2030 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on July 1, 2020).
10.1
Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2020, by and among CoStar Group, Inc., as borrower, CoStar Realty Information, Inc., as co-borrower, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on July 1, 2020).
31.1
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
31.2
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
32.1
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
32.2
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
101.INSXBRL Instance Document -The following financial statements from the instance document does not appearCompany’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, formatted in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.XBRL: (i) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets; (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags.
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104The cover page from the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020,2021, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURES
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
  
 
COSTAR GROUP, INC.
 
Date:October 28, 202027, 2021By:/s/ Scott T. Wheeler      
   Scott T. Wheeler
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)
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