UNITED STATES

SECURITIES & EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

~~FORM 10-Q~~

⌧☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020

□	~~TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934~~

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___ to ___

Commission File No. 001-14761

GAMCO INVESTORS, INC. (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware			13-4007862
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

~~140 Greenwich Ave.,~~191 Mason Street, Greenwich, CT 06830 One Corporate Center, Rye, NY 10580			(203) 629-2726
(Address of principle executive offices)(Zip Code)			Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Trading Symbol		Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value		GBL		New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ ☒No □

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧☒ No□

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer□	Accelerated filer ⌧☒
Non-accelerated filer□	Smaller reporting company □ ☒	Emerging growth company □☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. □☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes □☐ No ⌧☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the Registrant’s classes of Common Stock, as of the latest practical date.

Class		Outstanding at July 31, ~~2019~~2020
Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value	(Including ~~675,950~~1,029,900 restricted stock awards)	~~8,673,009~~8,566,021
Class B Common Stock, $0.001 par value		19,024,117

GAMCO INVESTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

~~INDEX~~

INDEX

PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	Page

Item 1.	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of June 30, ~~2019~~2020 (unaudited) and December 31, ~~2018~~ 2019	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 ~~and 2018~~ (unaudited)	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 ~~and 2018~~ (unaudited)	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 ~~and 2018~~ (unaudited)	6

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 ~~and 2018~~ (unaudited)	7

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	8

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	18 19

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	28 29

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	29 30

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION *

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	29 30

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	30 31

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	30 31

Item 5.	Other Information	31

Item 6.	Exhibits	30 31

	Signature	31 32

* Items other than those listed above have been omitted because they are not applicable.

GAMCO INVESTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

UNAUDITED

(in thousands, except per share data)

	June 30,			December 31,			June 30,			December 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	52,008		$	41,202		$	58,117		$	86,136
Investments in securities		36,811			33,789
Investments in equity securities, at fair value								17,698			27,726
Investments in debt securities, at amortized cost								52,934			6,547
Receivable from brokers		4,188			3,423			4,677			989
Investment advisory fees receivable		22,865			25,677			18,238			36,093
Receivable from affiliates		4,019			4,194			3,232			3,940
Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets		3,765			3,765			3,176			3,765
Deferred tax asset and income tax receivable		18,250			15,001			9,032			16,389
Other assets		8,450			7,561			7,208			8,301
Total assets	$	150,356		$	134,612		$	174,312		$	189,886

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Payable to brokers	$	99		$	112
Income taxes payable and deferred tax liabilities		1,935			2,388
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Income taxes payable							$	4,740		$	757
Lease liability obligations		5,825			4,794			5,498			5,431
Compensation payable		65,335			60,408			30,947			64,279
Payable to affiliates		434			1,041			258			3,982
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		29,930			32,091			32,222			36,529
Sub-total		103,558			100,834			73,665			110,978
5.875% Senior Notes (net of issuance costs of $45 and $57, respectively) (due June 1, 2021) (Note 7)		24,180			24,168
Senior Notes (net of issuance costs of 22 and 34, respectively) (due June 1, 2021) (Note 7)								24,203			24,191
Total liabilities		127,738			125,002			97,868			135,169

Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)		-			-

Stockholders' Equity
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding		-			-
Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 16,217,726 and 15,969,303
shares issued, respectively; 8,719,209 and 9,957,301 shares outstanding, respectively		14			14
Class B Common Stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 24,000,000 shares issued;
19,024,117 and 19,024,240 shares outstanding, respectively		19			19
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; NaN issued and outstanding								-			-
Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 16,572,676 and 16,202,726 shares issued, respectively; 8,605,443 and 8,356,290 shares outstanding, respectively								14			14
Class B Common Stock, $0.001 par value; 25,000,000 shares and 100,000,000 shares authorized, respectively; 24,000,000 shares issued; 19,024,117 outstanding								19			19
Additional paid-in capital		15,347			14,192			19,111			17,033
Retained earnings		325,605			282,928			383,947			362,515
Accumulated other comprehensive income		(243	)		(240	)
Treasury stock, at cost (7,498,517 and 6,012,002 shares, respectively)		(318,124	)		(287,303	)
Total stockholders' equity		22,618			9,610
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	150,356		$	134,612
Accumulated other comprehensive loss								(269	)		(204	)
Treasury stock, at cost (7,967,233 and 7,846,436 shares, respectively)								(326,378	)		(324,660	)
Total stockholders’ equity								76,444			54,717
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity							$	174,312		$	189,886

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

GAMCO INVESTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

UNAUDITED

(in thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,						June 30,						June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020			2019			2020			2019
Revenues:
Investment advisory and incentive fees	$	67,990		$	77,334		$	133,878		$	154,682		$	51,470		$	67,990		$	113,743		$	133,878
Distribution fees and other income		8,417			9,859			16,865			20,008			6,089			8,417			13,383			16,865
Total revenues		76,407			87,193			150,743			174,690			57,559			76,407			127,126			150,743
Expenses:
Compensation		30,216			28,952			60,563			54,902			25,516			30,216			54,766			60,563
Management fee		4,709			1,482			6,158			6,116			2,060			4,709			3,725			6,158
Distribution costs		8,605			9,852			17,275			20,056			6,634			8,605			14,264			17,275
Other operating expenses		6,117			5,534			11,374			10,987			4,586			6,117			10,288			11,374
Total expenses		49,647			45,820			95,370			92,061			38,796			49,647			83,043			95,370

Operating income		26,760			41,373			55,373			82,629			18,763			26,760			44,083			55,373
Non-operating income / (loss)
Gain / (loss) from investments, net		5,264			1,409			3,369			(3,938	)		309			5,264			(9,928	)		3,369
Interest and dividend income		715			526			1,439			1,018			115			715			659			1,439
Interest expense		(655	)		(922	)		(1,310	)		(2,122	)		(647	)		(655	)		(1,294	)		(1,310	)
Total non-operating income / (loss)		5,324			1,013			3,498			(5,042	)		(223	)		5,324			(10,563	)		3,498
Income before income taxes		32,084			42,386			58,871			77,587			18,540			32,084			33,520			58,871
Provision for income taxes		8,067			10,804			14,962			18,744			7,250			8,067			10,985			14,962
Net income	$	24,017		$	31,582		$	43,909		$	58,843		$	11,290		$	24,017		$	22,535		$	43,909

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.88		$	1.10		$	1.57		$	2.04		$	0.42		$	0.88		$	0.85		$	1.57
Diluted	$	0.88		$	1.10		$	1.57		$	2.04		$	0.42		$	0.88		$	0.84		$	1.57

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		27,357			28,777			27,929			28,846			26,629			27,357			26,658			27,929
Diluted		27,413			28,819			27,973			28,867			26,656			27,413			26,713			27,973

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

GAMCO INVESTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

UNAUDITED

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended								Six Months Ended							Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,								June 30,							June 30,						June 30,
	2019				2018				2019				2018			2020			2019			2020			2019
Net income		$	24,017			$	31,582			$	43,909			$	58,843	$	11,290		$	24,017		$	22,535		$	43,909
Other comprehensive income / (loss):
Foreign currency translation gain / (loss)			(23	)			(60	)			(3	)			29
Foreign currency translation loss																	(4	)		(23	)		(65	)		(3	)
Total comprehensive income		$	23,994			$	31,522			$	43,906			$	58,872	$	11,286		$	23,994		$	22,470		$	43,906

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

GAMCO INVESTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF ~~STOCKHOLDERS'~~STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

UNAUDITED

(in thousands, except per share data)

								Accumulated																Accumulated
			Additional					Other											Additional					Other
	Common		Paid-in		Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury						Common		Paid-in		Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury
	Stock		Capital		Earnings			Income			Stock			Total			Stock		Capital		Earnings			Loss			Stock			Total
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	33	$	14,192	$	282,928		$	(240	)	$	(287,303	)	$	9,610
Balance at December 31, 2019																	$	33	$	17,033	$	362,515		$	(204	)	$	(324,660	)	$	54,717
Net income		-		-		19,892			-			-			19,892			-		-		11,245			-			-			11,245
Adoption of ASU 2016-02		-		-		(106	)		-			-			(106	)
Foreign currency translation		-		-		-			20			-			20			-		-		-			(61	)		-			(61	)
Dividends declared ($0.02 per share)		-		-		(575	)		-			-			(575	)		-		-		(552	)		-			-			(552	)
Stock based compensation expense		-		577		-			-			-			577			-		941		-			-			-			941
Purchase of treasury stock		-		-		-			-			(2,547	)		(2,547	)		-		-		-			-			(946	)		(946	)
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	33	$	14,769	$	302,139		$	(220	)	$	(289,850	)	$	26,871
Balance at March 31, 2020																	$	33	$	17,974	$	373,208		$	(265	)	$	(325,606	)	$	65,344
Net income		-		-		24,017			-			-			24,017			-		-		11,290			-			-			11,290
Foreign currency translation		-		-		-			(23	)		-			(23	)		-		-		-			(4	)		-			(4	)
Dividends declared ($0.02 pershare)		-		-		(551	)		-			-			(551	)
Dividends declared ($0.02 per share)																		-		-		(551	)		-			-			(551	)
Stock based compensation expense		-		578		-			-			-			578			-		1,137		-			-			-			1,137
Purchase of treasury stock		-		-		-			-			(28,274	)		(28,274	)		-		-		-			-			(772	)		(772	)
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	33	$	15,347	$	325,605		$	(243	)	$	(318,124	)	$	22,618
Balance at June 30, 2020																	$	33	$	19,111	$	383,947		$	(269	)	$	(326,378	)	$	76,444

								Accumulated																Accumulated
			Additional					Other											Additional					Other
	Common		Paid-in		Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury						Common		Paid-in		Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury
	Stock		Capital		Earnings			Income			Stock			Total			Stock		Capital		Earnings			Income			Stock			Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	33	$	12,572	$	155,939		$	11,876		$	(276,693	)	$	(96,273	)
Balance at December 31, 2018																	$	33	$	14,192	$	282,928		$	(240	)	$	(287,303	)	$	9,610
Net income		-		-		27,261			-			-			27,261			-		-		19,892			-			-			19,892
Reclassification pursuant to adoption of ASU
2016-01, net of tax		-		-		12,110			(12,110	)		-			-
Adoption of ASU 2016-02																		-		-		(106	)		-			-			(106	)
Foreign currency translation		-		-		-			89			-			89			-		-		-			20			-			20
Dividends declared ($0.02 per share)		-		-		(578	)		-			-			(578	)		-		-		(575	)		-			-			(575	)
Stock based compensation expense		-		187		-			-			-			187			-		577		-			-			-			577
Purchase of treasury stock		-		-		-			-			(3,309	)		(3,309	)		-		-		-			-			(2,547	)		(2,547	)
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	33	$	12,759	$	194,732		$	(145	)	$	(280,002	)	$	(72,623	)
Balance at March 31, 2019																	$	33	$	14,769	$	302,139		$	(220	)	$	(289,850	)	$	26,871
Net income		-		-		31,582			-			-			31,582			-		-		24,017			-			-			24,017
Foreign currency translation		-		-		-			(60	)		-			(60	)		-		-		-			(23	)		-			(23	)
Dividends declared ($0.02 per share)		-		-		(579	)		-			-			(579	)		-		-		(551	)		-			-			(551	)
Stock based compensation expense		-		354		-			-			-			354			-		578		-			-			-			578
Purchase of treasury stock		-		-		-			-			(3,543	)		(3,543	)		-		-		-			-			(28,274	)		(28,274	)
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	33	$	13,113	$	225,735		$	(205	)	$	(283,545	)	$	(44,869	)
Balance at June 30, 2019																	$	33	$	15,347	$	325,605		$	(243	)	$	(318,124	)	$	22,618

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

GAMCO INVESTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

UNAUDITED

(in thousands)

	Six Months Ended								Six Months Ended
	June 30,								June 30,
	2019				2018				2020			2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income		$	43,909			$	58,843		$	22,535		$	43,909
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization			655				301			445			655
Accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums										48			-
Stock based compensation expense			1,155				541			2,078			1,155
Deferred income taxes			(505	)			(3,896	)		8,103			(505	)
Foreign currency translation gain / (loss)			(3	)			29			(65	)		(3	)
Cost basis of donated securities			2,601				85			-			2,601
Unrealized loss on securities			1,707				-			6,503			1,707
Net realized loss on securities			6				-			1,097			6
Impairment charge on intangible asset										589			-
(Increase) decrease in assets:
Investments in securities			(2,520	)			2,750			2,095			(2,520	)
Receivable from affiliates			174				1,257
Receivable from brokers			(765	)			(1,416	)		(3,687	)		(765	)
Investment advisory fees receivable			2,812				10,176			17,855			2,812
Income taxes receivable and deferred tax assets			(3,250	)			(1,562	)
Receivable from affiliates										699			174
Income taxes receivable										(747	)		(3,250	)
Other assets			(1,639	)			299			642			(1,639	)
Increase (decrease) in liabilities:
Payable to brokers										-			(14	)
Income taxes payable										3,986			53
Compensation payable										(33,328	)		4,928
Payable to affiliates			(607	)			123			(3,724	)		(607	)
Payable to brokers			(14	)			(117	)
Income taxes payable and deferred tax liabilities			53				4,011
Compensation payable			4,928				14,720
Accrued expenses and other liabilities			(487	)			(300	)		(4,170	)		(487	)
Total adjustments			4,301				27,001			(1,581	)		4,301
Net cash provided by operating activities			48,210				85,844			20,954			48,210
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of securities			(5,073	)			-			(50,108	)		(5,073	)
Proceeds from sales of securities			252				-
Proceeds from sales and repayments of securities										3,995			252
Return of capital on securities			5				-			12			5
Net cash used in investing activities			(4,816	)			-			(46,101	)		(4,816	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Dividends paid			(1,682	)			(1,756	)		(1,065	)		(1,682	)
Purchase of treasury stock			(30,821	)			(6,852	)		(1,718	)		(30,821	)
Repayment of principal portion of lease liability			(86	)			-			(104	)		(86	)
Repurchase of AC 4% PIK Note			-				(30,000	)
Repayment of AC 1.6% Note			-				(15,000	)
Margin loan borrowings			-				11,000
Margin loan payments			-				(19,479	)
Net cash used in financing activities			(32,589	)			(62,087	)		(2,887	)		(32,589	)
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents			1				(90	)		15			1
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents			10,806				23,667
Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents										(28,019	)		10,806
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period			41,202				17,821			86,136			41,202
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period		$	52,008			$	41,488		$	58,117		$	52,008
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest		$	1,271			$	1,386		$	1,270		$	1,271
Cash paid for taxes		$	16,901			$	19,447		$	780		$	16,901

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activity:

For the six months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~June 30, 2018,~~2019, the Company accrued dividends on restricted stock awards of ~~$15~~$38 and ~~$5,~~$15, respectively.

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

GAMCO INVESTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, ~~2019~~2020

(Unaudited)

Organization and Description of Business

Unless indicated otherwise, or the context otherwise requires, references in this report to “GAMCO Investors, Inc.,” “GAMCO,” “the ~~Company”~~Company,” “the Firm,” and “GBL” or similar terms are to GAMCO Investors, Inc., its predecessors, and its subsidiaries.

GAMCO (New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”): GBL), a company incorporated under the laws of Delaware, is a widely-recognized provider of investment advisory services tothrough 24 ~~open-end~~mutual funds, 16 closed-end funds, ~~one~~1 société d’investissement à capital variable (“SICAV”), and approximately ~~1,700~~1,600 institutional and private wealth management (“Institutional &and PWM”) ~~investors~~accounts principally in the United ~~States.~~ States (U.S.). The ~~Company~~investments are generally ~~manages assets on a fully discretionary basis and invests~~ in ~~a variety of United States (“U.S.”) and international securities through various investment styles including~~ value, growth, ~~non-market correlated,~~gold, utilities, and convertible securities. The Company’s revenues are based primarily on the levels of assets under management (“AUM”) and fees associated with the various investment products.

Since the Company’s inception in 1977, ~~it has~~its value assets have been identified with its ~~research driven~~research-driven approach to equity investing and proprietary Private Market Value (PMV) with a ~~Catalyst™~~Catalyst^TM investment approach.

The investment advisory business is conducted principally through the following subsidiaries: Gabelli Funds, LLC (mutual and closed-end funds) (“Gabelli Funds”) and GAMCO Asset Management Inc. (Institutional &and PWM) ~~and Gabelli Funds, LLC (open-end and closed-end funds)~~(“GAMCO Asset”). The distribution of ~~open-end~~mutual funds is conducted through G.distributors, LLC (“G.distributors”), the Company’s broker-dealer subsidiary.

1. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements ~~of GAMCO included herein~~ have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) ~~in the U.S.~~ for interim financial information and ~~with~~pursuant to the ~~instructions to~~requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP ~~in the United States~~ for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for athe fair presentation of financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of GAMCO for the interim periods presented and are not necessarily indicative of a full year’s results.

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ~~GAMCO~~the Company and its ~~subsidiaries.~~wholly-owned subsidiaries: Gabelli Funds, GAMCO Asset, Distributors Holdings, Inc., G.distributors, GAMCO Asset Management (UK) Limited, Gabelli Fixed Income, Inc., Gabelli Fixed Income L.L.C., GAMCO International Partners LLC, GAMCO Acquisition LLC, and Nevada NJ Lat, LLC. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts ~~reported on~~of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the ~~interim condensed consolidated~~date of the financial statements and ~~accompanying notes.~~the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Recent Accounting Developments

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which amends the guidance in U.S. GAAP for the accounting for ~~leases.~~leases with terms longer than 12 months. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to recognize assets and liabilities arising from ~~most operating~~these leases in the ~~condensed~~ consolidated statement of financial position. It requires these ~~operating~~ leases to be recorded on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets and offsetting lease liability obligations. The guidance was effective for the Company on January 1, 2019 and the Company adopted this guidance on that date. The Company has elected the transition method allowed under ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which does not require restatement of comparative periods, but instead requires a cumulative adjustment to opening retained earnings at the January 1, 2019 adoption date. The Company has performed the analysis on the transition to this guidance and, as a result, recorded a $106 thousand reduction to retained earnings, a $650 thousand increase to other assets, and a $756 thousand increase to lease liability obligations.

~~In September 2018, related to the Securities Act Release No. 33-10532,~~ ~~Disclosure Update and Simplification~~ (“DUST-R”), the FASB issued Compliance and Disclosure Interpretation 105.09 guidance (“CD&I 105.09”) on compliance with the new requirement to present changes in shareholders’ equity in interim condensed consolidated financial statements within Form 10-Q filings. DUST-R requires disclosure of changes in shareholders’ equity within a registrant’s Form 10-Q filing on a quarter-to-date and year-to-date basis for both the current year and prior year comparative periods. CD&I 105.09 notes that the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) would not object if a registrant first discloses the changes in shareholders’ equity in its Form 10-Q for the quarter that begins after November 5, 2018. The Company has adopted the new requirement starting with the quarter that began on January 1, 2019, which did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

~~In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04,~~ ~~Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment~~ (“ASU 2017-04”), which simplifies the process used to test for goodwill impairment by eliminating the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill, and instead any goodwill impairment will be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. This guidance will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 using a prospective transition method and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effect of this new guidance on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Accounting for Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) (“ASU 2016-13”), which requires an organization to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Currently, U.S. GAAP requires an “incurred loss” methodology that delays recognition until it is probable a loss has been incurred. Under ASU 2016-13, the allowance for credit losses must be deducted from the amortized cost of the financial asset to present the net amount expected to be collected. The ~~condensed~~ consolidated statement of income will reflect the measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets as well as the expected increases or decreases of expected credit losses that have taken place during the period. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates (ASU 2019-10), which deferred the effective date of this guidance for smaller reporting companies for three years. This guidance is effective for the Company on January 1, ~~2020~~2023 and requires a modified retrospective transition method, which will result in a cumulative-effect adjustment in retained earnings upon adoption. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of this new guidance on the Company’s ~~condensed~~ consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”), which simplifies the process used to test for goodwill impairment by eliminating the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill, and instead any goodwill impairment will be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, which deferred the effective date of this guidance for smaller reporting companies for three years. This guidance will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2023 using a prospective transition method and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effect of this new guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

2. Revenue Recognition

The ~~revenue streams in the~~ discussion below ~~and in the table at the end of this Note include those~~includes all material revenue streams that are within the scope of ASU 2014-09, Revenue From Contracts With Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”). In all cases for all revenue streams discussed below, the revenue generated is from a single transaction price and there is no need to allocate the amounts across more than a single revenue stream. The customer for all revenues derived from ~~open-end~~mutual and closed-end funds (collectively, the “Funds”) described in detail below has been determined to be each ~~fund~~Fund itself and not the ultimate underlying investor in each ~~fund.~~Fund.

Significant judgments that affect the amounts and timing of revenue recognition:

The Company’s analysis of the timing of revenue recognition for each revenue stream is based upon an analysis of the current terms of each contract. Performance obligations could, however, change from time to time if and when existing contracts are modified or new contracts are entered into. These changes could potentially affect the timing of satisfaction of performance obligations, the determination of the transaction price, and the allocation of the price to performance obligations. In the case of the revenue streams discussed below, the performance obligation is satisfied either at a point in time or over time. For incentive fee revenues, the performance obligation (advising a client portfolio) is satisfied over time, while the recognition of revenues effectively occurs at the end of the measurement period as defined within the contract, as such amounts are subject to reduction to ~~zero~~0 on the date where the measurement period ends even if the performance benchmarks were exceeded during the intervening period. The judgments outlined below, where the determination as to these factors is discussed in detail, are continually reviewed and monitored by the Company when new contracts or contract modifications occur. Transaction price is in all instances formulaic and not subject to significant (or any) judgment at the current time. The allowance for doubtful accounts is subject to judgment.

~~Investment~~ Advisory ~~Fees~~Fee Revenues

Advisory fees for ~~open-end funds, closed-end funds,~~Funds, sub-advisory accounts, and the SICAV are earned based on predetermined percentages of the average net assets of the individual ~~funds~~Funds and are recognized as revenues as the related services are performed. Fees for ~~open-end funds, one~~mutual Funds, 1 non-U.S. closed-end ~~fund,~~Fund, sub-advisory accounts, and the SICAV are computed on a daily basis based on average daily net ~~assets under management (“AUM”).~~AUM. Fees for U.S. closed-end ~~funds~~Funds are computed on average weekly net AUM and fees for ~~one~~1 non-U.S. closed-end ~~fund~~Fund are computed on a daily basis based on daily market value. These fees are received in cash after the end of each monthly period within 30 days. The revenue recognition occurs ratably as the performance obligation (advising the ~~fund)~~Fund) is met continuously over time. There is a risk of non-payment and, therefore, an impairment loss on these receivables is possible at each reporting date. There were no such impairment losses for the periods presented.

Advisory fees for ~~institutional~~Institutional and ~~private wealth management~~PWM accounts are earned based on predetermined percentages of the AUM and are generally computed quarterly based on account values at the end of the preceding quarter. The revenue recognition occurs daily as the performance obligation (advising the client portfolio) is met continuously. These fees are received in cash, typically within 60 days of the client being billed. There is a risk of non-payment and, therefore, an impairment loss on these receivables is possible at each reporting date. There were no such impairment losses for the periods presented.

~~Incentive Fees~~Performance Correlated and Conditional Revenues

Investment advisory fees are earned on a portion of some closed-end ~~funds’~~Funds’ preferred shares at year-end if the total return to common shareholders of the respective closed-end ~~fund~~Fund for the year exceeds the dividend rate of the preferred shares. These fees are recognized at the end of the measurement period, which coincides with the calendar year. These fees would also be earned and the contract period ended at any interim point in time that the respective preferred shares are redeemed. These fees are received in cash after the end of each annual measurement period, within 30 days.

~~Two~~The Company earns an incentive fee from 2 closed-end ~~funds charge incentive fees.~~Funds. For The GDL Fund (GDL), there is an incentive fee, which is earned and recognized as of the end of each calendar year and varies to the extent the total return of the ~~fund~~Fund is in excess of the ICE Bank of America Merrill Lynch 3-month U.S. Treasury Bill Index total return. For the Gabelli Merger Plus+ Trust Plc (GMP), there is an incentive fee, which is earned and recognized as of the end of each annual measurement period, June 30^th, and varies to the extent the total return of the ~~fund~~Fund is in excess of twice the rate of return of the 13-week Treasury Bills over the performance period.

AThe Company earns a performance fee from a SICAV sub-fund, the GAMCO Merger Arbitrage ~~SICAV, charges a performance fee.~~SICAV. This fee is recognized at the end of the measurement period, which coincides with the calendar year. The fee would also be earned and the measurement period ended at any interim point in time that a client redeemed their respective shares. This fee is received in cash after the end of the measurement period, within 30 days.

WeThe Company also may receive incentive fees from ~~certain~~ institutional clients, which are based upon exceeding either a specific benchmark index or a defined return for these accounts. These fees are recognized at the end of the stipulated contract period, which is generally annually, for each respective account. These fees would also be earned and the contract period ended at any interim point in time that the client terminated its relationship with the Company. These fees are received in cash after the end of the measurement period, typically within 60 days.

In all cases of the incentive fees, because of the variable nature of the consideration, revenue recognition is delayed until it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur, which is generally when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved (for example, the measurement period has concluded and the hurdle rate has been exceeded). There is a risk of non-payment and, therefore, an impairment loss on these receivables is possible at each reporting date. There were no such impairment losses for the periods presented.

Distribution Fees and Other Income

Distribution fees and other income primarily includes distribution fee revenue earned in accordance with Rule 12b-1 of the ~~Investment~~ Company Act of 1940, as amended, along with sales charges and underwriting fees associated with the sale of the class A shares of ~~open-end~~mutual funds. Distribution ~~plan~~ fees are computed based on average daily net assets of certain classes of each ~~fund~~Fund and are accrued during the period in which they are earned. These fees are received in cash after the end of each monthly period within 30 days. In evaluating the appropriate timing of the recognition of these fees, the Company applied the guidance on up-front fees to determine whether such fees are related to the transfer of a promised service (a distinct performance obligation). The Company’s conclusion is that the service being provided by G.distributors to the customer in exchange for the fee is for the initial distribution of certain classes of the ~~open-end~~mutual funds and is completed at the time of each respective sale. Any fixed amounts are recognized on the trade date and variable amounts are recognized to the extent it is probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur once the uncertainty is resolved. For variable amounts, as the uncertainty is dependent on the value of the shares at future points in time as well as the length of time the investor remains in the fund, both of which are highly susceptible to factors outside the Company’s influence, the Company does not believe that it can overcome this constraint until the market value of the ~~fund~~Fund and the investor activities are known, which are generally monthly. Sales charges and underwriting fees associated with the sale of certain classes of the ~~open-end~~mutual funds are recognized on the trade date of the sale of the respective shares. There is a risk of non-payment and, therefore, an impairment loss on these receivables is possible at each reporting date. There were no such impairment losses for the periods presented.

Revenue Disaggregated

The following table presents ~~our~~the Company’s revenue disaggregated by ~~account type~~investment vehicle (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,				Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2020		2019		2020		2019
Investment advisory and incentive fees:
Open-end funds	$	27,027	$	31,024	$	53,952	$	62,845
Closed-end funds		16,291		16,907		32,080		34,052
Mutual Funds									$	20,365	$	27,027	$	43,921	$	53,952
Closed-end Funds										14,594		16,291		31,014		32,080
Sub-advisory accounts		899		1,137		1,834		2,241		517		899		1,249		1,834
Institutional & PWM		22,195		25,150		42,921		51,115		14,543		22,195		34,548		42,921
SICAV		1,398		1,462		2,733		2,752		1,203		1,398		2,668		2,733
Performance-based		180		4		358		27		248		180		343		358
Conditional		-		1,650		-		1,650
Distribution fees and other income		8,417		9,859		16,865		20,008		6,089		8,417		13,383		16,865
Total revenues	$	76,407	$	87,193	$	150,743	$	174,690	$	57,559	$	76,407	$	127,126	$	150,743

3. Investment in Securities

~~Effective with the Company’s adoption of ASU 2016-01,~~ ~~Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, on January 1, 2018, the Company carries all investments~~Investments in equity securities at fair value through net income (“FVTNI”). The Company has no securities that qualify for the equity method or for consolidation of the investee for which the Company has elected the practicality exception to fair value measurement.

~~Investments in securities at~~ June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 consisted of the following (in thousands):

June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Cost Estimated Market Value Cost Estimated Market Value
Securities carried at FVTNI:
Common stocks $ 41,351 $ 35,568 $ 38,865 $ 32,414
Open-end funds 753 745 44 38
Closed-end funds 484 498 1,414 1,337
Total securities carried at FVTNI $ 42,588 $ 36,811 $ 40,323 $ 33,789

	June 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Investments in equity securities:
Common stocks	$	39,669	$	16,424	$	41,226	$	26,463
Mutual Funds		755		823		755		752
Closed-end Funds		490		451		494		511
Total investments in equity securities	$	40,914	$	17,698	$	42,475	$	27,726

~~There were no securities sold, not yet purchased at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.~~

Investments in ~~U.S. Treasury bills and notes with maturities of greater than three months at~~equity securities, including the ~~time of purchase are classified as~~Company’s investments in ~~securities,~~common stocks and ~~those with maturities of three months or less at~~ the ~~time of purchase are classified as cash equivalents. Securities carried at FVTNI at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018~~Funds, are stated at fair value with any unrealized gains or losses reported in each respective period’s earnings.

Investments in debt securities at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30, 2020
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Holding Gains		Gross Unrealized Holding Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Investments in debt securities:
U.S. Treasury Bills	$	49,963	$	-	$	-	$	49,963
Foreign government obligations		2,971		-		-		2,971
Total investments in debt securities	$	52,934	$	-	$	-	$	52,934

	December 31, 2019
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Holding Gains		Gross Unrealized Holding Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Investments in debt securities:
Foreign government obligations	$	6,547	$	-	$	-	$	6,547
Total investments in debt securities	$	6,547	$	-	$	-	$	6,547

Held-to-maturity investments are stated at amortized cost with any foreign currency remeasurement included in unrealized gains or losses in each respective period’s earnings. The maturity dates of all of the Company’s investments in debt securities are less than one year.

4. Fair Value

~~The Company applies fair value accounting in accordance with the terms of FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820,~~ ~~Fair Value Measurement~~ ~~(“ASC 820”).~~ All of the instruments within cash and cash equivalents and investments in securities are measured at fair ~~value.~~value, except for those investments designated as held-to-maturity. The Company’s assets and liabilities recorded at fair value have been categorized based upon a fair value hierarchy in accordance with the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC ~~820~~820”), guidance on fair value measurement. The levels of the fair value hierarchy and their applicability to the Company are described below:

-	Level 1 - ~~inputs to~~ the valuation methodology ~~utilize~~utilizes quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the reporting date. Level 1 assets include cash equivalents, government obligations, ~~open-end~~mutual funds, closed-end funds, and listed equities.
-	Level 2 - ~~inputs to~~ the valuation methodology ~~utilize~~utilizes inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities that are not active, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly-quoted intervals.
-	Level 3 - ~~inputs to~~ the valuation methodology ~~are~~utilizes unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and ~~include~~includes situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability.

The following tables summarize the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by the above fair value hierarchy levels as of June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 (in thousands):

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, ~~2019~~2020

Assets	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance as of June 30, 2019		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance as of June 30, 2020
Cash equivalents	$	51,496	$	-	$	-	$	51,496	$	57,771	$	-	$	-	$	57,771
Investments in securities:
Common stocks		35,568		-		-		35,568		16,424		-		-		16,424
Open-end funds		745		-		-		745
Closed-end funds		498		-		-		498
Mutual Funds										823		-		-		823
Closed-end Funds										451		-		-		451
Total investments in securities		36,811		-		-		36,811		17,698		-		-		17,698
Total assets at fair value	$	88,307	$	-	$	-	$	88,307	$	75,469	$	-	$	-	$	75,469

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, ~~2018~~2019

Assets	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance as of December 31, 2018		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance as of December 31, 2019
Cash equivalents	$	40,905	$	-	$	-	$	40,905	$	85,823	$	-	$	-	$	85,823
Investments in securities:
Common stocks		32,414		-		-		32,414		26,463		-		-		26,463
Open-end funds		38		-		-		38
Mutual funds										752		-		-		752
Closed-end funds		1,337		-		-		1,337		511		-		-		511
Total investments in securities		33,789		-		-		33,789		27,726		-		-		27,726
Total assets at fair value	$	74,694	$	-	$	-	$	74,694	$	113,549	$	-	$	-	$	113,549

Cash equivalents primarily consist of an affiliated money market mutual fund, which is invested solely in U.S. Treasuries and valued based on the net asset value of the fund.

Financial assets disclosed but not carried at fair value

The following table presents the carrying value and fair value of the Company’s investments in debt securities disclosed but not carried at fair value, including those foreign government obligations investments designated as held-to-maturity which are carried at amortized cost remeasured in U.S. ~~Treasury Bills~~dollars, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

	June 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Carrying Value		Fair Value Level 1		Carrying Value		Fair Value Level 1
U.S. Treasury Bills	$	49,963	$	49,957	$	-	$	-
Foreign government obligations		2,971		2,971		6,547		6,547
Total	$	52,934	$	52,928	$	6,547	$	6,547

At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Senior Notes ~~with maturities~~were recorded at face value, net of ~~three months or less at~~amortized issuance costs, as follows (in thousands) on the ~~time~~Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~purchase are also considered cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are valued using unadjusted quoted market prices.~~Financial Condition:

	June 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Carrying Value		Fair Value Level 2		Carrying Value		Fair Value Level 2
Senior notes	$	24,203	$	24,739	$	24,191	$	24,815
Total	$	24,203	$	24,739	$	24,191	$	24,815

~~Investments in securities are generally valued~~The carrying value of other financial assets and liabilities approximates their fair value based on ~~quoted prices from an exchange. To~~ the ~~extent~~short-term nature of these securities are actively traded, valuation adjustments are not applied, and they are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Securities categorized in Level 2 investments are valued using other observable inputs. Nonpublic and infrequently traded investments are included in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because significant inputs to measure fair value are unobservable.items.

5. Income Taxes

The effective tax rate (“ETR”) for the three months endedJune 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 was ~~25.1%~~39.1% and ~~25.5%~~25.1%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019 was 32.8% and 25.4%, respectively. The ETR for the ~~six months ended June 30, 2019~~second quarter of 2020 was higher by 14.0%, primarily as a result of a 10.6% increase due to the non-deductibility of certain expenses as a result of the 2017 Tax Cuts and ~~2018 was 25.4% and 24.2%, respectively.~~Jobs Act. The ETR for the first ~~six months~~half of ~~2019 included an accrual~~2020 was higher by 7.4%, primarily as a result of ~~$1.5 million related~~a 9.1% increase due to ~~an adjustment in an uncertain tax position. The ETR absent this accrual was 22.9%.~~the non-deductibility of certain expenses as a result of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

6. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is calculated using the treasury stock method by dividing net income by the total weighted average shares of common stock outstanding and restricted stock awards. The computations of basic and diluted net income per share were as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,				Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2020		2019		2020		2019
Basic:
Net income	$	24,017	$	31,582	$	43,909	$	58,843	$	11,290	$	24,017	$	22,535	$	43,909
Weighted average shares outstanding		27,357		28,777		27,929		28,846		26,629		27,357		26,658		27,929

Basic net income per share	$	0.88	$	1.10	$	1.57	$	2.04	$	0.42	$	0.88	$	0.85	$	1.57

Diluted:
Net income	$	24,017	$	31,582	$	43,909	$	58,843	$	11,290	$	24,017	$	22,535	$	43,909

Weighted average share outstanding		27,357		28,777		27,929		28,846
Weighted average shares outstanding										26,629		27,357		26,658		27,929
Restricted stock awards		56		42		44		21		27		56		55		44
Total		27,413		28,819		27,973		28,867		26,656		27,413		26,713		27,973

Diluted net income per share	$	0.88	$	1.10	$	1.57	$	2.04	$	0.42	$	0.88	$	0.84	$	1.57

7. Debt

~~AC 4% PIK Note~~

In connection with the spin-off of Associated Capital Group, Inc. (“AC”) on November 30, 2015, the Company issued a $250 million promissory note (the “AC 4% PIK Note”) payable to AC, which bore interest at 4.0% per annum. The original principal amount had a maturity date of November 30, 2020. During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company prepaid $20 million and $30 million, respectively, of principal of the AC 4% PIK Note. The AC 4% PIK Note was fully repaid on August 28, 2018 without penalty.

~~5.875%~~ Senior Notes

On May 31, 2011, the Company issued 10-year, $100 million senior notes (“Senior Notes”). The Senior Notes mature on June 1, 2021 and bear interest at 5.875% per annum, payable semi-annually on June 1 and December 1 of each year and commenced on December 1, 2011. Upon the occurrence of a change of control triggering event, as defined in the indenture, the Company would be required to offer to repurchase the Senior Notes at 101% of their principal ~~amount.~~

amount plus accrued interest.

At June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the ~~Senior Notes were~~debt was recorded at its face value, net of ~~amortized~~ issuance costs, ~~as follows (in thousands) on the Condensed Consolidated Statements~~ of ~~Financial Position:~~$24.2 million.

June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Carrying Fair Value Carrying Fair Value
Value Level 2 Value Level 2
5.875% Senior Notes $ 24,180 $ 24,530 $ 24,168 $ 23,061
Total $ 24,180 $ 24,530 $ 24,168 $ 23,061

The Company has not elected the fair value option for its debt, and, therefore, the provisions of ASU 2016-01 (adopted by the Company on January 1, 2018) related to instrument-specific credit risk are not applicable.

8. Stockholders’ Equity

Shares outstanding were ~~27.7~~27.6 million and ~~29.0~~27.4 million on June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

Voting Rights

The holders of class A common stock of GBL (“Class A Stock”) and class B common stock of GBL (“Class B Stock”) have identical rights except that (i) holders of Class A Stock are entitled to ~~one~~1 vote per share, while holders of Class B Stock are entitled to ~~ten~~10 votes per share, on all matters to be voted on by shareholders in general, and (ii) holders of Class A Stock are not eligible to vote on matters relating exclusively to Class B Stock and vice versa.

Authorized shares

On June 5, 2020, shareholders approved the amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to decrease the total number of authorized shares of Class B Stock from 100,000,000 shares to 25,000,000 shares.

Stock Award and Incentive Plan

The Company maintains a stock award and incentive plan approved by the shareholders (the “Plan”), which is designed to provide incentives which will attract and retain individuals key to the success of GBL through direct or indirect ownership of our common stock. Benefits under the Plan may be granted in any one or a combination of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock awards, dividend equivalents and other stock or cash based awards. A maximum of 7.5 million shares of Class A Stock have been reserved for issuance under the Plan by a committee of GBL’s board of directors (the “Board of Directors”) responsible for administering the Plan (“Compensation Committee”). Benefits under the Plan may be granted in any one or a combination of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock awards, dividend equivalents, and other stock or cash based awards. Under the Plan, the Compensation Committee may grant restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), each of which entitles the grantee to one share of Class A Stock subject to restrictions, and either incentive or nonqualified stock options, with a term not to exceed ten years from the grant date and at an exercise price that the Compensation Committee may ~~determine.~~determine, which were recommended by the Company’s Chairman who did not receive any awards.

On January 5, 2018, the Compensation Committee accelerated the vesting relating to the remaining 19,400 RSAs outstanding at that time. As a result, GBL recorded an incremental $0.2 million of stock-based compensation expense during the first six months of 2018.

On April 4, 2018, 270,500 RSAs were issued at a grant price of $24.77 per RSA. On August 7, 2018, 162,450 RSAs were issued at a grant price of $25.16 per RSA. On September 17, 2018, 5,000 RSAs were issued at a grant price of $25.74 per RSA. On June 30, 2019, 264,900 RSAs were issued at a grant price of $19.17 per RSA. On March 5, 2020, 392,700 RSAs were issued at a grant price of 14.31 per RSA.

As of June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, there were ~~675,950~~1,030,900 and ~~427,650,~~660,950, respectively, of these RSAs outstanding with weighted average grant prices per RSA of ~~$22.67~~19.54 and ~~$24.93, respectively. All grants~~22.67, respectively, and 10,000 stock options outstanding with an exercise price of $25.55.

For the RSAs were recommended by the Company’s Chairman and CEO, who did not request or receive any RSAs, and approved by the Compensation Committee. This expense, net of estimated forfeitures, is recognized over the vesting period for these awards, which is 30% over three years from the date of grant and 70% over five years from the date of grant. During the vesting period, dividends to RSA holders are held for them until the RSA vesting dates and are forfeited if the grantee is no longer employed by the Company on the vesting dates. Dividends declared on these RSAs, less estimated forfeitures, are charged to retained earnings on the declaration date.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company reduced previously recorded tax benefits relating to RSA expense by $0.1 million on RSAs that vested. There were no RSAs that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2019 or the three months endedJune 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~June 30, 2018.~~

~~For the three months ended June 30,~~ 2019 ~~and 2018,~~, the Company recognized stock-based non-cash compensation expense of ~~$0.6~~$1.1 million and ~~$0.4~~$0.6 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, the Company recognized stock-based non-cash compensation expense of ~~$1.2~~2.1 million and ~~$0.5~~1.2 million, respectively.

The total compensation costs related to non-vested ~~RSAs~~awards not yet recognized was approximately ~~$11.3~~$12.5 million as of June 30, ~~2019.~~2020.

On April 1, 2019, the deferred cash compensation agreement (“DCCA”) with the CEO covering compensation from the fourth quarter of 2017 vested in accordance with the terms of the ~~agreement. The CEO earned $15.5 million during the fourth quarter of 2017 resulting~~agreement and a cash payment in the ~~issuance~~amount of ~~530,662 RSUs based on~~$11.0 million was made to the CEO. This payment was reduced by $4.5 million resulting from the DCCA being indexed to the GBL stock price and utilizing the lesser of the volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) ~~of GBL stock over~~on the ~~fourth quarter of 2017. Under the terms of the agreement, if the RSUs were settled in cash, the amount paid to the CEO upon~~ vesting ~~would be capped and calculated as the number of net RSUs vesting (530,662) valued at the lesser of~~date ($20.7916) versus the VWAP over the fourth quarter of 2017 or($29.1875). On January 2, 2020, the DCCA with the CEO covering compensation from 2016 vested in accordance with the terms of the agreement and a cash payment in the amount of 43.7 million was made to the CEO. This payment was reduced by 32.3 million resulting from the DCCA being indexed to the GBL stock price and utilizing the lesser of the VWAP on the vesting date ~~of vesting. The Company elected to settle~~(18.8812) versus the DCCA in cash, as had been the stated intention at the time the DCCA was entered into, notwithstanding the Compensation Committee’s ability to settle it by issuing stock. This resulted in a cash payment of $11.0 million by the Company in April 2019, which, because of the cap, was $4.5 million less than what he had been entitled to receive absent the DCCA.VWAP over 2016 (32.8187).

Stock Repurchase Program

In March 1999, the Board of Directors established a stock repurchase program (the “Stock Repurchase Program”) to grant management the authority to repurchase shares of Class A Stock. In May 2019, the Board of Directors increased the buyback authorization by 1,212,759 shares of Class A Stock. On March 18, 2020, the Board of Directors authorized an increase to purchase 30 million of its outstanding Class A Stock, which resulted in a modification in the form of the authorization from previously being stated in shares to being stated in dollars.

OnFor the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company repurchased 65,704 and 147,402 shares, respectively, at an average price per share of 11.74 and 19.02, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company repurchased 120,797 and 273,756 shares, respectively, at an average price per share of $14.21 and $19.54, respectively.In addition, on April 16, 2019, GAMCO repurchased 1.2 million shares of Class A Stock at $21.00 per share in a private transaction. This transaction resulted in a 12.4% reduction in Class A Stock outstanding from 9.8 million to 8.6 million and a 4.2% reduction in total shares outstanding from 28.8 million to 27.6 million. For the three months ended June 30, 2019, outside of the private transaction, the Company repurchased 147,402 shares at an average price per share of $19.02. At June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the total ~~shares~~dollar amount available under the Stock Repurchase Program to be repurchased in the future ~~were 591,054.~~was 29 million. The Stock Repurchase Program is not subject to an expiration date.

On March 11, 2020, GAMCO commenced an offer to purchase up to $30 million in aggregate purchase price of its Class A Stock, pursuant to which holders of shares were invited to tender some or all of their shares at a price within the range of $15.00 to $17.00 per share, which would have enabled GAMCO to purchase for cash up to 2,000,000 shares of its Class A common stock (such offer, the “Offer”). The Offer which was due to expire on April 8, 2020, was terminated on March 18, 2020 as a result of the suspension of trading and market index conditions of the Offer not having been satisfied. As a result of this termination, no shares were purchased in the Offer and all shares previously tendered and not withdrawn were promptly returned to tendering holders.

Dividends

During the three months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, the Company declared dividends of $0.02 per share to shareholders of Class A Stock and Class B ~~Stock.~~Stock. During the six months endedJune 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, the Company declared dividends of ~~$0.04~~$0.04 per share to shareholders of Class A Stock and Class B Stock.

Shelf Registration

In April 2018, the SEC declared effective the Company’s “shelf” registration statement on Form S-3 giving the Company the flexibility to sell any combination of senior and subordinate debt securities, convertible debt securities, and equity securities (including common and preferred securities) up to a total amount of $500 million. The shelf is available through April 2021, at which time it may be renewed.

9. Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets

Goodwill is initially measured as the excess of the cost of the acquired business over the sum of the amounts assigned to assets acquired less the liabilities assumed. At June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019, there was goodwill of ~~$0.2~~$0.2 million maintained on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition related to G.distributors.

As a result of becoming the advisor to the Gabelli Enterprise Mergers and Acquisitions Fund (the “Enterprise Fund”) and the associated consideration paid, the Company maintains an identifiable intangible asset of ~~$1.9~~$1.3 million at June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and $1.9 million at December 31, ~~2018. This~~2019. The investment advisory agreement for the Enterprise Fund is next up for renewal in February ~~2020.~~2021. As a result of becoming the advisor to the Bancroft Fund Ltd. (the “Bancroft Fund”) and the Ellsworth Growth and Income Fund Ltd. (the “Ellsworth Fund”) and the associated consideration paid, the Company maintains an identifiable intangible asset of $1.6 million at June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The investment advisory agreements for the Bancroft Fund ~~Ltd.~~ and the Ellsworth ~~Growth and Income~~ Fund ~~Ltd.~~ are next up for renewal in August ~~2019.~~2020. Each of these investment advisory agreements are subject to annual renewal by the respective fund’s board of directors, which the Company expects to be renewed, and the Company does not expect to incur additional expense as a result, which is consistent with other investment advisory agreements entered into by the Company.

The Company assesses the recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets at least annually, or more often should events warrant. In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) surfaced in China and has since spread quickly to numerous countries, including the United States. On March 11, 2020, COVID-19 was identified as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. In response to its spread, governmental authorities have imposed restrictions on travel and congregation and the temporary closure of many non-essential businesses in affected jurisdictions, including, beginning in March 2020, in the United States. The pandemic and resulting economic dislocations have had adverse consequences for the portfolios of the Funds, including the Enterprise Fund, Bancroft Fund, and Ellsworth Fund. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, as a result of the dislocations in the financial markets resulting from COVID-19, impairment analyses were performed which resulted in 161 thousand and $589 thousand impairment charges, respectively, to the identifiable intangible asset related to the Enterprise Fund included within other operating expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. There was 0 impairment charge recorded to the identifiable intangible asset related to the Bancroft Fund or Ellsworth Fund. There were no indicators of impairment for the three months or six months ended June 30, 2019 ~~or 2018~~ and, as such, there was no impairment analysis performed or charge recorded for such periods.

10. Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, the Company may be named in legal actions and proceedings. These actions may seek substantial or indeterminate compensatory as well as punitive damages or injunctive relief. The Company is also subject to governmental or regulatory examinations or investigations. The examinations or investigations could result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, injunctions, restitutions, or other relief. For ~~any~~ such matters, if any, the ~~condensed~~ consolidated financial statements include the necessary provisions for losses that the Company believes are probable and estimable. Furthermore, the Company evaluates whether there exist losses which may be reasonably possible and will, if material, make the necessary disclosures. However, management believes such amounts, both those that are probable and those that are reasonably possible, are not material to the Company’s financial condition, operations, or cash flows at June 30, ~~2019.~~2020.

Leases

On December 5, 1997, the Company entered into a fifteen-year lease, expiring on April 30, ~~2014,~~2013, of office space from an entity controlled by members of the ~~Chairman's~~Chairman’s family. On June 11, 2013, the Company modified and extended its lease with M4E, LLC, the Company’s landlord at ~~401 Theodore Fremd Ave,~~One Corporate Center, Rye, NY. The lease term was extended to December 31, 2028 and the base rental remained at $18 per square foot, or $1.1 million, for 2014. For each subsequent year through December 31, 2028, the base rental is determined by the change in the consumer price index for the New York Metropolitan Area for November of the immediate prior year with the base period as November 2008 for the New York Metropolitan Area.

This lease has been accounted for as a finance lease under FASB ASC Topic 842 (and prior to 2019, as a capital lease under FASB ASC Topic 840, Leases) as it transfers substantially all the benefits and risks of ownership to the Company. The Company has recorded the leased property as an asset and a lease obligation for the present value of the obligation of the leased property. The leased property is amortized on a straight-line basis from the date of the most recent extension to the end of the lease. The lease obligation is amortized over the same term using the interest method of accounting. Finance lease improvements are amortized from the date of expenditure through the end of the lease term or the useful life, whichever is shorter, on a straight-line basis. The lease provides that all operating expenses relating to the property (such as property taxes, utilities, and maintenance) are to be paid by the lessee, GAMCO. These are recognized as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred. Accumulated amortization on the leased property at June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 was approximately ~~$5.2~~$5.4 million and ~~$5.1~~$5.2 million, respectively.

The Company also rents office space under operating leases, which expire at various dates through May 31, 2024.

The following table summarizes the ~~Company's~~Company’s leases for the periods presented (in thousands, except lease term and discount rate):

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,						June 30,						June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020			2019			2020			2019
Finance lease cost - interest expense	$	270		$	272		$	542		$	545		$	267		$	270		$	536		$	542
Finance lease cost - amortization of right-of-use asset		67			62			133			123			67			67			134			133
Operating lease cost		198			-			379			-			105			198			180			379
Sublease income		(121	)		(127	)		(243	)		(221	)		(46	)		(121	)		(92	)		(243	)
Total lease cost	$	414		$	207		$	811		$	447		$	393		$	414		$	758		$	811

Other information:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from finance lease	$	-		$	36		$	-		$	71		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-
Operating cash flows from operating leases		212			-			425			-			88			212			153			425
Financing cash flows from finance lease		44			-			86			-			53			44			104			86
Total cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$	256		$	36		$	511		$	71		$	141		$	256		$	257		$	511
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities		781			n/a			1,431			n/a		$	324		$	781		$	324		$	1,431
Weighted average remaining lease term—finance lease (years)		9.5			10.5			9.5			10.5			8.5			9.5			8.5			9.5
Weighted average remaining lease term—operating leases (years)		2.8			n/a			2.8			n/a			2.4			2.8			2.4			2.8
Weighted average discount rate—finance lease		19.1	%		19.1	%		19.1	%		19.1	%		19.1	%		19.1	%		19.1	%		19.1	%
Weighted average discount rate—operating leases		5.0	%		n/a			5.0	%		n/a			5.0	%		5.0	%		5.0	%		5.0	%

The finance lease right-of-use asset, net of amortization, at June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 was ~~$2.0~~$1.8 million and ~~$2.1~~$1.9 million, respectively, and the operating right-of-use assets, net of amortization, were ~~$1.1~~$1.0 million and ~~$0,~~$0.8, respectively, and these right-of-use assets were included within other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

The following table summarizes the maturities of lease liabilities at June 30, ~~2019~~2020 (in thousands):

Year ending December 31,	Finance Leases			Operating Leases			Total Leases			Finance Leases			Operating Leases			Total Leases
2019 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2019)	$	627		$	326		$	953
2020		1,080			288			1,368
2020 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2020)										$	638		$	207		$	845
2021		1,080			228			1,308			1,080			346			1,426
2022		1,080			164			1,244			1,080			279			1,359
2023		1,080			155			1,235			1,080			184			1,264
2024											1,080			61			1,141
Thereafter		5,400			61			5,461			4,320			-			4,320
Total lease payments	$	10,347		$	1,222		$	11,569		$	9,278		$	1,077		$	10,355
Less imputed interest		(5,639	)		(105	)		(5,744	)		(4,509	)		(89	)		(4,598	)
Total lease liabilities	$	4,708		$	1,117		$	5,825		$	4,769		$	988		$	5,757

The finance lease contains an escalation clause tied to the change in the New York Metropolitan Area Consumer Price Index, which may cause the future minimum payments to exceed the amounts shown above. Future minimum lease payments have not been reduced by related minimum future sublease rentals of approximately ~~$0.8~~$0.7 million due over the next ~~five~~four years, which are due from affiliated entities. Future minimum lease payments have also not been reduced by future sublease payments of approximately ~~$40~~15 thousand per month from ACAssociated Capital Group, Inc. (“AC”) pursuant to AC’s lease agreement that expired on March 31, 2019, which was extended on the same terms and conditions on a month-to-month basis commencing on April 1, 2019.

11. Related Party Transactions

On ~~February 23, 2018,~~June 30, 2020, the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of the Company elected to irrevocably waive all of his compensation that he would otherwise have ~~otherwise~~ been entitled to for the period ~~of March~~from July 1, ~~2018 through December 31, 2018.~~ 2020 to November 10, 2020. On December 26, 2018, the CEO of the Company elected to ~~continue to~~irrevocably waive all of his compensation that he would otherwise have been entitled to for the period from January 1, 2019 to March 31, 2019. ~~For~~On August 27, 2019, the ~~three months ended June~~CEO elected to irrevocably waive all of his compensation that he would otherwise have been entitled to for the period from September 1, 2019 to November 30, ~~2018, the waiver reduced compensation by $14.2 million and management fee expense by $3.0 million.~~2019. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ the waiver reduced compensation by ~~$12.2~~12.2 million ~~and $19.1 million, respectively,~~ and management fee expense by ~~$1.7 million and $4.7 million, respectively.~~1.7 million.

12. Regulatory Requirements

The Company’s broker-dealer subsidiary, G.distributors, is subject to certain net capital requirements. G.distributors computes its net capital under the alternative method permitted, which requires minimum net capital of the greater of $250,000 or 2% of the aggregate debit items in the reserve formula for those broker-dealers subject to Rule 15c3-3 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The requirement was $250,000 for the broker-dealer at June 30, ~~2019.~~2020. At June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, G.distributors had net capital, as defined, of approximately ~~$3.8~~$2.2 million, exceeding the regulatory requirement by approximately ~~$3.6~~$1.9 million. Net capital requirements for ~~our~~the Company’s affiliated broker-dealer may increase in accordance with the rules and regulations applicable to broker-dealers to the extent G.distributors engages in other business activities.

13. Subsequent Events

From July 1, ~~2019~~2020 to August 7, ~~2019,~~2020, the Company repurchased ~~60,474~~65,051 shares at ~~$19.87~~12.01 per share.

On August ~~6, 2019,~~4, 2020, the Board of Directors declared its regular quarterly dividend of ~~$0.02~~0.02 per share to all of the Company’s shareholders, payable on September ~~24, 2019~~29, 2020 to shareholders of record on September ~~10, 2019.~~15, 2020.

On August ~~6, 2019,~~4, 2020, the Board of Directors approved a $0.25 per share shareholder designated charitable contribution, a 25% increase from the previous contribution under the program. If all eligible shares outstanding were registered to participate at the record date, the total contribution would approach $7 million.

On August 4, 2020, the Board of Directors authorized ~~an additional $0.20 per~~a share ~~charitable contribution under the Company's shareholder designated charitable contribution~~ ~~(“SDCC”)~~ ~~program. Registered holders~~re-purchase of ~~record as~~3,000,000 shares of ~~November 15, 2019 will be eligible to participate. Since the inception of the SDCC program,~~ ~~shareholders have designated contributions of approximately $27 million to over 150 501(c)(3) initiatives~~.its outstanding Class A Stock. This replaces any outstanding share repurchase authorizations.

1718

ITEM 2: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Unless ~~we have~~ indicated otherwise, or the context otherwise requires, references in this report to “GAMCO Investors, Inc.,” “GAMCO,” “the Company,” “the Firm,” “GBL,” “we,” ~~“us”~~“us,” and “our” or similar terms are to GAMCO Investors, Inc., its predecessors, and its subsidiaries.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Our disclosure and analysis in this Form 10-Q ~~contain~~contains some forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements because they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They use words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “will,” “should,” “may,” and other words and terms of similar meaning. They also appear in any discussion of future operating or financial performance. In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, future performance of our products, expenses, the outcome of any legal proceedings, and financial results. Although we believe that we are basing our expectations and beliefs on reasonable assumptions within the bounds of what we currently know about our business and operations, there can be no assurance that our actual results will not differ materially from what we expect or believe. Some of the factors that ~~could~~may cause our actual results to differ from our expectations ~~or beliefs~~ include ~~without limitation:~~risks associated with the ~~adverse effect from~~duration and scope of the ongoing coronavirus pandemic resulting in volatile market conditions, a decline in the securities markets that adversely ~~affects~~affect our assets under ~~management; a decline in the~~management, negative performance of our ~~products;~~products, the failure to perform as required under our investment management agreements, a general downturn in the ~~economy; changes in government policy or regulation; changes in~~economy that negatively impacts our ~~ability to attract or retain key employees; unforeseen costs and other effects related to legal proceedings or investigations of governmental and self-regulatory organizations;~~operations, and the ongoing impacts of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act with respect to tax rates and the non-deductibility of certain portions of named executive officer compensation. We are providing these statements as permitted by the Private Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We also direct your attention to any more specific discussions of risk contained in our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and other public filings. ~~We are providing these statements as permitted by the Private Litigation Reform Act of 1995.~~ We do not undertake to update publicly any forward-looking statements if we subsequently learn that we are unlikely to achieve our expectations or if we receive any additional information relating to the subject matters of our forward-looking ~~statements.~~statements.

OVERVIEW

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements and involves numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to those described in Part I, Item 1A of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q “Risk Factors.” Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by such forward-looking statements due to factors discussed under “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.

GAMCO ~~(New~~(New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”): GBL), ~~through~~a company incorporated under the ~~Gabelli brand, well known for its Private Market Value (“PMV”) with a Catalyst~~^TM ~~investment approach,~~laws of Delaware, is a widely-recognized provider of investment advisory services to through 24 ~~open-end~~mutual funds, 16 closed-end funds, one société d’investissement à capital variable (“SICAV”), and approximately ~~1,700~~ 1,600 institutional and private wealth management (“Institutional &and PWM”) ~~investors~~accounts principally in the United States (“U.S.”). ~~Through G.distributors, LLC (“G.distributors”), our broker-dealer subsidiary, we provide distribution for open-end funds. We~~The investments are generally ~~manage assets on a fully discretionary basis and invest~~ in ~~a variety of U.S. and international securities through various investment styles including~~ value, growth, ~~non-market correlated,~~gold, utilities, and convertible securities. Our revenues are based primarily on the Company’s ~~levels of assets under management and fees associated with our various investment products.~~

~~Our revenues are highly correlated to the~~ level of assets under management (“AUM”) and fees associated with our various investment ~~products, rather than~~products.

Since our ~~own corporate assets. Our total AUM, which is influenced by the level~~inception in 1977, our value assets are identified with our research-driven approach to equity investing and ~~changes~~our Private Market Value (PMV) with a Catalyst^TMinvestment approach.

As of ~~the overall equity markets, can also fluctuate through acquisitions, the creation~~June 30, 2020, we had $29.4 billion of new products, inflows or outflows in open-end funds, the addition of new accounts, or the loss of existing accounts. Since various equity products have different fees, changes in our business mix may also affect revenues. At times, the performance of our equity products may differ markedly from popular market indices, and this can also impact our revenues. General stock market trends will have an impact on our level of AUM and hence, on revenues.

AUM. We conduct our investment advisory business principally through ~~the following~~two registered investment advisor subsidiaries: Gabelli Funds, LLC (mutual and closed-end funds) (“Gabelli Funds”) and GAMCO Asset Management Inc. (Institutional and PWM) (“GAMCO Asset”). G.distributors, LLC (“G.distributors”), our broker-dealer subsidiary, acts as an underwriter and ~~Gabelli Funds, LLC (open-end and closed-end funds). The distribution~~distributor of our ~~open-end funds is conducted through G.distributors,~~mutual funds.

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) surfaced in China and has since spread quickly to numerous countries, including the United States. On March 11, 2020, COVID-19 was identified as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. In response to its spread, governmental authorities have imposed restrictions on travel and congregation and the temporary closure of many non-essential businesses in affected jurisdictions, including, beginning in March 2020, in the United States. As world leaders focused on the unprecedented human and economic challenges of COVID-19, global equity markets plunged as the coronavirus pandemic spread. In March, the unfolding events led to the worst month for stocks since 2008 and the worst first quarter since 1937. In the second quarter, as a result of unprecedented fiscal and monetary stimulus and the fast tracking of potential COVID-19 vaccines, the markets have rebounded strongly. The pandemic and resulting economic dislocations have had adverse consequences on our ~~broker-dealer subsidiary.~~AUM, resulting in decreased revenues, partially offset by decreased variable operating and compensation expenses. As a result of this pandemic, the majority of our employees (“teammates”) are working remotely. However, there has been no material impact of remote work arrangements on our operations, including our financial reporting systems, internal control over financial reporting, and disclosure controls and procedures, and there has been no material challenge in implementing our business continuity plan.

Past and Future - Giving Back to Society

Generating returns for our stakeholders is not the sole gauge we use in measuring our success. Since the inception of GAMCO’s ~~shareholder designated~~shareholder-designated charitable contribution (“SDCC”) program in 2013, shareholders have designated contributions of ~~approximately $27~~over $31 million to over ~~150~~280 501(c)(3) initiatives. ~~Most recently, the SDCC approved by our Board of Directors in November 2018 provided $4.8 million to 90 shareholder designated 501(c)(3) organizations.~~ This program underscores our commitment to managing socially responsible portfolios since ~~1987. More recently, the socially responsible mandates have~~1987, which has evolved to include integrating ~~ESG (environmental,~~environmental, social, and ~~governance)~~governance (ESG) factors into the analysis of companies and the structuring of portfolios.

~~Over $52 million has been donated to charities by GAMCO, including through our SDCC program, since~~Since our initial public offering (“IPO”) in February ~~1999.~~1999, approximately $57 million has been donated to charities by us.

On August ~~6, 2019, our~~4, 2020, the Board of Directors ~~authorized an additional $0.20~~approved a $0.25 per share ~~charitable~~SDCC, a 25% increase from the previous contribution ~~for~~under the program. If all eligible shares outstanding were registered ~~holders of~~to participate at the record ~~as of November 15, 2019.~~date, the total contribution would approach $7 million.

Assets Under Management

AUM was ~~$36.9~~$29.4 billion as of June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, a decrease of ~~$3.8~~$7.5 billion, or ~~9.3%~~20.3%, from the June 30, ~~2018~~2019 AUM of ~~$40.7~~$36.9 billion. The second quarter ~~2019~~2020 activity consisted of ~~$0.9~~$3.7 billion of market appreciation, net cash outflows of ~~$1.1~~$1.7 billion, and recurring distributions, net of reinvestments, from ~~open-end~~the mutual and closed-end funds (the “Funds”) of ~~$139~~$141 million. Average total AUM was $29.1 billion in the second quarter of 2020 versus $37.0 billion in the second quarter of 2019, ~~quarter versus $40.6 billion in the second quarter of 2018,~~ a decrease of ~~8.9%~~21.4%.

~~In addition to management fees, we~~We earn incentive fees ~~from~~for certain ~~institutional~~ client assets, ~~certain~~ assets attributable to certain preferred issues offor our closed-end ~~funds, two closed-end funds,~~Funds, our GDL Fund (NYSE: GDL), the Gabelli Merger Plus⁺ Trust Plc (LSE: GMP), and ~~one SICAV.~~the GAMCO Merger Arbitrage Fund. As of June 30, ~~2019, AUM~~2020, assets with incentive based fees were $1.2 billion, 33.3% below the $1.8 billion ~~$0.7 billion less than the $2.5 billion of AUM with incentive fees~~ on June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. The majority of these assets have calendar year-end measurement periods; therefore, our incentive fees are primarily recognized in the fourth quarter when the uncertainty is removed at the end of the annual measurement period.

Roll-forward of AUM (in millions)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020			2019			2020			2019
Equities:
Open-end Funds
Mutual Funds
Beginning of period assets	$	11,452		$	12,964		$	10,589		$	13,747		$	7,798		$	11,452		$	10,481		$	10,589
Market appreciation (depreciation)		293			331			1,483			23			1,171			293			(973	)		1,483
Net flows		(720	)		(381	)		(1,039	)		(847	)		(310	)		(720	)		(841	)		(1,039	)
Fund distributions, net of reinvestment		(9	)		(8	)		(17	)		(17	)		(8	)		(9	)		(16	)		(17	)
End of period assets	$	11,016		$	12,906		$	11,016		$	12,906		$	8,651		$	11,016		$	8,651		$	11,016

Closed-end Funds
Beginning of period assets	$	7,550		$	7,768		$	6,959		$	8,053		$	6,084		$	7,550		$	8,005		$	6,959
Market appreciation (depreciation)		165			201			890			17			1,005			165			(718	)		890
Net flows		61			(49	)		55			(38	)		(97	)		61			(161	)		55
Fund distributions, net of reinvestment		(130	)		(142	)		(258	)		(254	)		(133	)		(130	)		(267	)		(258	)
End of period assets	$	7,646		$	7,778		$	7,646		$	7,778		$	6,859		$	7,646		$	6,859		$	7,646

Institutional & PWM
Beginning of period assets	$	15,243		$	17,643		$	14,078		$	18,852		$	10,185		$	15,243		$	14,565		$	14,078
Market appreciation (depreciation)		387			339			2,190			(123	)		1,518			387			(2,443	)		2,190
Net flows		(298	)		(541	)		(936	)		(1,288	)		(1,248	)		(298	)		(1,667	)		(936	)
End of period assets ^(a)	$	15,332		$	17,441		$	15,332		$	17,441		$	10,455		$	15,332		$	10,455		$	15,332

SICAV
Beginning of period assets	$	522		$	527		$	507		$	510
Market appreciation (depreciation)		4			(11	)		12			(15	)
Net flows		12			43			19			64
End of period assets	$	538		$	559		$	538		$	559

Total Equities
Beginning of period assets	$	34,767		$	38,902		$	32,133		$	41,162
Market appreciation (depreciation)		849			860			4,575			(98	)
Net flows		(945	)		(928	)		(1,901	)		(2,109	)
Fund distributions, net of reinvestment		(139	)		(150	)		(275	)		(271	)
End of period assets	$	34,532		$	38,684		$	34,532		$	38,684

(a) Includes $252 million and $252 ~~and $311~~ million of 100% U.S. Treasury Fund AUM at June 30, 2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ respectively.

Roll-forward of AUM (in millions) (continued)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
													2020			2019			2020			2019

SICAV
Beginning of period assets													$	480		$	522		$	594		$	507
Market appreciation (depreciation)														37			4			(20	)		12
Net flows														(66	)		12			(123	)		19
End of period assets													$	451		$	538		$	451		$	538

Total Equities
Beginning of period assets													$	24,547		$	34,767		$	33,645		$	32,133
Market appreciation (depreciation)														3,731			849			(4,154	)		4,575
Net flows														(1,721	)		(945	)		(2,792	)		(1,901	)
Fund distributions, net of reinvestment														(141	)		(139	)		(283	)		(275	)
End of period assets													$	26,416		$	34,532		$	26,416		$	34,532
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Fixed Income:
100% U.S. Treasury fund
Beginning of period assets	$	2,487		$	1,922		$	2,195		$	1,870		$	2,938		$	2,487		$	2,810		$	2,195
Market appreciation (depreciation)		14			8			28			15			4			14			14			28
Net flows		(126	)		31			152			76			(21	)		(126	)		97			152
End of period assets	$	2,375		$	1,961		$	2,375		$	1,961		$	2,921		$	2,375		$	2,921		$	2,375

Institutional & PWM
Beginning of period assets	$	19		$	30		$	26		$	31		$	20		$	19		$	20		$	26
Market appreciation (depreciation)		(2	)		-			(2	)		-			-			(2	)		-			(2	)
Net flows		-			(4	)		(7	)		(5	)		(1	)		-			(1	)		(7	)
End of period assets	$	17		$	26		$	17		$	26		$	19		$	17		$	19		$	17

Total Fixed Income
Beginning of period assets	$	2,506		$	1,952		$	2,221		$	1,901		$	2,958		$	2,506		$	2,830		$	2,221
Market appreciation (depreciation)		12			8			26			15			4			12			14			26
Net flows		(126	)		27			145			71			(22	)		(126	)		96			145
End of period assets	$	2,392		$	1,987		$	2,392		$	1,987		$	2,940		$	2,392		$	2,940		$	2,392

Total AUM
Beginning of period assets	$	37,273		$	40,854		$	34,354		$	43,063		$	27,505		$	37,273		$	36,475		$	34,354
Market appreciation (depreciation)		861			868			4,601			(83	)		3,735			861			(4,140	)		4,601
Net flows		(1,071	)		(901	)		(1,756	)		(2,038	)		(1,743	)		(1,071	)		(2,696	)		(1,756	)
Fund distributions, net of reinvestment		(139	)		(150	)		(275	)		(271	)		(141	)		(139	)		(283	)		(275	)
End of period assets	$	36,924		$	40,671		$	36,924		$	40,671		$	29,356		$	36,924		$	29,356		$	36,924

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Investment advisory and incentive fees, which are based on the amount and composition of AUM in our Funds and Institutional and PWM accounts, and distribution fees represent our largest source of revenues. In addition to the general level and trends of the stock market, growth in revenues depends on good investment performance, which influences the value of existing AUM as well as contributes to higher investment and lower redemption rates and facilitates the ability to attract additional investors while maintaining current fee levels. Growth in AUM is also dependent on being able to access various distribution channels, which is usually based on several factors, including performance and service. A majority of our cash inflows to mutual fund products have come through third party distribution programs, including no-transaction fee programs. We have also been engaged to act as a sub-advisor for other much larger financial services companies with much larger sales distribution organizations. These sub-advisory clients are subject to business combinations that may result in the termination of the relationship. The loss of a sub-advisory relationship could have a significant impact on our financial results in the future.

Advisory fees from the Funds and sub-advisory accounts are computed daily or weekly based on average net assets. Advisory fees from Institutional and PWM clients are generally computed quarterly based on account values as of the end of the preceding quarter. These revenues are based on AUM, which is highly correlated to the stock market and can vary in direct proportion to movements in the stock market and the level of sales compared with redemptions, financial market conditions, and the fee structure for AUM. Revenues derived from the equity-oriented portfolios generally have higher advisory fee rates than fixed income portfolios.

We also may receive incentive fees from Institutional and PWM clients, which are based upon meeting or exceeding a specific benchmark index or indices. These fees are recognized at the end of the stipulated contract period, which may be quarterly or annually, for the respective account. Advisory fees on assets attributable to certain of the closed-end preferred shares are earned at year-end if the total return to common shareholders of the closed-end fund for the calendar year exceeds the dividend rate of the preferred shares. These fees are recognized at the end of the measurement period.

Distribution fees and other income primarily include distribution fee revenue earned in accordance with Rule 12b-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, along with sales charges and underwriting fees associated with the sale of the mutual funds plus other revenues. Distribution fees fluctuate based on the level of AUM and the amount and type of mutual funds sold directly by G.distributors or through various distribution channels.

Compensation costs include variable and fixed compensation and related expenses paid to officers, portfolio managers, sales, trading, research, and all other teammates. Variable compensation paid to sales teammates and portfolio management generally represents 40% of revenues and is the largest component of total compensation costs. Distribution costs include marketing, product distribution, and promotion costs. The management fee is incentive-based and entirely variable compensation in the amount of 10% of the aggregate pre-tax profits, which is paid to Mr. Mario J. Gabelli (“Mr. Gabelli”) or his designee for acting as CEO pursuant to his 2008 Employment Agreement so long as he is an executive of GBL and devotes the substantial majority of his working time to the business. Other operating expenses include general and administrative operating costs.

Non-operating income/(loss) includes gain/(loss) from investments, net (which includes both realized and unrealized gains and losses from securities), interest and dividend income, and interest expense. The gain/(loss) from investments, net is derived from our proprietary investment portfolio consisting of various public investments.

The following table (in thousands, except per share data) and discussion of our results of operations are based upon data derived from the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income contained in our condensed consolidated financial statements and should be read in conjunction with those statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,						June 30,						June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020			2019			2020			2019
Revenues
Investment advisory and incentive fees	$	67,990		$	77,334		$	133,878		$	154,682		$	51,470		$	67,990		$	113,743		$	133,878
Distribution fees and other income		8,417			9,859			16,865			20,008			6,089			8,417			13,383			16,865
Total revenues		76,407			87,193			150,743			174,690			57,559			76,407			127,126			150,743
Expenses
Compensation		30,216			28,952			60,563			54,902			25,516			30,216			54,766			60,563
Management fee		4,709			1,482			6,158			6,116			2,060			4,709			3,725			6,158
Distribution costs		8,605			9,852			17,275			20,056			6,634			8,605			14,264			17,275
Other operating expenses		6,117			5,534			11,374			10,987			4,586			6,117			10,288			11,374
Total expenses		49,647			45,820			95,370			92,061			38,796			49,647			83,043			95,370
Operating income		26,760			41,373			55,373			82,629			18,763			26,760			44,083			55,373
Non-operating income / (loss)
Gain / (loss) from investments, net		5,264			1,409			3,369			(3,938	)		309			5,264			(9,928	)		3,369
Interest and dividend income		715			526			1,439			1,018			115			715			659			1,439
Interest expense		(655	)		(922	)		(1,310	)		(2,122	)		(647	)		(655	)		(1,294	)		(1,310	)
Total non-operating income / (loss)		5,324			1,013			3,498			(5,042	)		(223	)		5,324			(10,563	)		3,498
Income before income taxes		32,084			42,386			58,871			77,587			18,540			32,084			33,520			58,871
Provision for income taxes		8,067			10,804			14,962			18,744			7,250			8,067			10,985			14,962
Net income	$	24,017		$	31,582		$	43,909		$	58,843		$	11,290		$	24,017		$	22,535		$	43,909

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.88		$	1.10		$	1.57		$	2.04		$	0.42		$	0.88		$	0.85		$	1.57
Diluted	$	0.88		$	1.10		$	1.57		$	2.04		$	0.42		$	0.88		$	0.84		$	1.57

Three Months Ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 Compared To Three Months Ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019

Overview

Net income for the second quarter of ~~2019~~2020 was ~~$24.0~~$11.3 million, or ~~$0.88~~$0.42 per fully diluted share, versus ~~$31.6~~$24.0 million, or ~~$1.10~~$0.88 per fully diluted share, in the second quarter of ~~2018.~~2019. The ~~quarter to quarter~~quarter-to-quarter comparison was impacted by lower revenues and higher ~~variable compensation~~non-operating loss, partially offset by ~~higher non-operating income.~~lower variable compensation.

Revenues

Investment advisory and incentive fees for the second quarter of ~~2019~~2020 were ~~$68.0~~$51.5 million, ~~12.0%~~24.3% lower than the ~~2018~~2019 comparative figure of ~~$77.3~~$68.0 million due to lower average AUM. ~~Open-end~~Mutual fund revenues for the second quarter of ~~2019~~2020 decreased by ~~13.4%~~25.1% to ~~$27.9~~$20.9 million from ~~$32.2~~$27.9 million in the second quarter of ~~2018.~~2019. Our closed-end ~~fund~~Fund revenues decreased ~~3.6%~~10.4% to $14.6 million in the second quarter 2020 from $16.3 million in the second quarter ~~2019 from $16.9 million in the second quarter~~ of ~~2018.~~2019. Institutional and ~~private wealth management~~PWM account revenues ~~excluding incentive fees,~~ which are generally based on beginning of quarter AUM, ~~declined $2.8~~decreased by 34.7% to $14.5 million toin the second quarter of 2020 from $22.2 million in the second quarter of ~~2019 from $25.0~~2019. Revenues relating to the SICAV decreased $0.2 million to $1.2 million in the second quarter of 2018. Incentive fees earned during the second quarter of 2019 and 2018 were $0.2 million and $1.7 million, respectively. We recognize incentive fees only when the earning period for them is complete. Revenues relating to the SICAV were2020, from $1.4 million in the second quarter of ~~2019 versus $1.5~~2019. There were incentive fees of $0.2 million infor both the ~~second quarter of 2018.~~three months ending June, 30, 2020 and 2019.

~~Open-end~~Mutual fund distribution fees and other income were ~~$8.4~~$6.1 million for the second quarter ~~2019,~~of 2020, a decrease of ~~$1.5~~$2.3 million or ~~15.2%~~27.4% from ~~$9.9~~$8.4 million in the second quarter of ~~2018,~~2019 primarily due to lower average AUM in ~~open-end~~ equity mutual funds that generate distribution fees.

Expenses

Compensation costs, which are largely variable, were ~~$30.2~~$25.5 million in the second quarter of ~~2019,~~2020, or ~~4.1% higher~~15.6% lower than prior year comparative compensation costs of ~~$29.0~~$30.2 million. The quarter over quarter decrease was comprised of a $5.9 million decrease in variable compensation expense reduced by a $0.6 million increase in stock compensation expense. The amortization of the deferred cash compensation agreements (“DCCAs”) resulted in a ~~$10.4~~$0.6 million decrease in compensation costs year over ~~year. The Chief Executive Officer’s (“CEO”) waiver of his compensation for April 1, 2018 through June 30, 2018 reduced compensation by $14.2 million~~year, as there was no amortization in the second quarter of 2018. The remainder of the quarter over quarter increase was comprised of a $0.2 million increase in stock compensation expense, a $3.4 million decrease in variable compensation expense and a $0.6 million increase in fixed compensation expense.2020.

Management fee expense, which is wholly variable and based on pretax income, ~~increased~~decreased to $2.1 million in the second quarter of 2020 from $4.7 million in the second quarter of 2019 from $1.5 million in the second quarter of 2018. Of this increase, $3.0 million resulted from the absence of a CEO waiver in the second quarter of 2019 versus a waiver that was in effect for the entire second quarter of 2018.2019. The DCCAs affected management fee expense, a component of the CEO’s DCCAs, in a fashion similar to the compensation expense, which resulted in a ~~$0.5~~$1.0 million decrease in management fee expense in the second quarter of ~~2019~~2020 as compared with the second quarter of ~~2018.~~2019.

Distribution costs were $6.6 million in the second quarter of 2020, a decrease of $2.0 million, or 23.3%, from $8.6 million in the second quarter of ~~2019, a decrease of $1.3 million, or 13.1%, from $9.9~~2019.

Other operating expenses were $4.6 million in the second quarter of ~~2018.~~

~~Other operating expenses were~~2020, a decrease of $1.5 million, or 24.6%, from $6.1 million in the second quarter of ~~2019, an increase~~2019. For the three months ended June 30, 2020, as a result of ~~$0.6 million, or 10.9%, from $5.5 million~~the dislocations in the ~~second quarter of 2018.~~financial markets resulting from COVID-19, impairment analyses were performed which resulted in a $161 thousand impairment charge to the identifiable intangible asset related to the Gabelli Enterprise Mergers and Acquisitions Fund.

Operating income for the second quarter of ~~2019~~2020 was ~~$26.8~~$18.8 million, a decrease of ~~$14.6~~$8.0 million, or ~~35.3%~~29.9%, from the ~~$41.4~~$26.8 million in the second quarter of ~~2018.~~2019. Operating income, as a percentage of revenues, was 32.6% in the second quarter of 2020 as compared to 35.0% in the second quarter of ~~2019 as compared to 47.4% in the second quarter of 2018.~~2019.

Non-operating income / (loss)

Total non-operating ~~income~~loss was ~~$5.3~~$0.2 million for the second quarter of ~~2019~~2020 versus income of ~~$1.0 million in the second quarter of 2018. Investment gains were~~ $5.3 million in the second quarter of ~~2019 versus $1.4~~2019. Investment gains were $0.3 million in the second quarter of ~~2018.~~2020 versus gains of $5.3 million in the second quarter of 2019. Interest and dividend income ~~increased~~decreased to $0.1 million in the second quarter of 2020 from $0.7 million in the second quarter of ~~2019 from $0.5~~2019. Interest expense was $0.6 million in the second quarter of ~~2018. Interest expense was~~2020 versus $0.7 million in the second quarter of ~~2019 versus $0.9 million in the second quarter of 2018.~~2019.

The effective tax rates (“ETR”) for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were 39.1% and ~~2018 were~~ 25.1% ~~and 25.5%~~, respectively. The ETR for the second quarter of 2020 was higher by 14.0%, primarily as a result of a 10.6% increase due to the non-deductibility of certain expenses as a result of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

Six Months Ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 Compared To Six Months Ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019

Overview

Net income for the first six months of ~~2019~~2020 was $22.5 million, or $0.84 per fully diluted share, versus $43.9 million, or $1.57 per fully diluted share, ~~versus $58.8 million, or $2.04 per fully diluted share,~~ in the ~~prior year’s comparative period.~~first six months of 2019. The ~~period to period~~period-to-period comparison was impacted by lower revenues and higher ~~variable compensation~~non-operating loss, partially offset by ~~higher non-operating income.~~lower variable compensation.

Revenues

Investment advisory and incentive fees for the first six months ~~ended June 30, 2019~~of 2020 were ~~$133.9~~$113.7 million, ~~13.4%~~15.1% lower than the ~~2018~~2019 comparative figure of ~~$154.7~~$133.9 million due to lower average AUM. ~~Open-end~~Mutual fund revenues for the first six months of 2020 decreased by ~~14.3%~~19.0% to $45.2 million from $55.8 million in the first ~~half~~six months of ~~2019 from $65.1~~2019. Our closed-end Fund revenues decreased 3.4% to $31.0 million in the first ~~half~~six months of ~~2018. Our closed-end fund revenues decreased 5.9% to~~2020 from $32.1 million in the first six months of ~~2019 from $34.1 million in the comparative 2018 period.~~2019. Institutional and ~~private wealth management~~PWM account revenues ~~excluding incentive fees,~~ which are generally based on beginning of quarter AUM, ~~declined $8.1~~decreased by 19.6% to $34.5 million toin the first six months of 2020 from $42.9 million in the first ~~half of 2019 from $51.0 million in the first half of 2018. Incentive fees earned during the first~~ six months of ~~2019 and 2018 were $0.4 million and $1.7 million, respectively. We recognize incentive fees only when the earning period for them is complete.~~2019. Revenues relating to the SICAV were unchanged at $2.7 million for both the first six months of 2020 and 2019. There were incentive fees of $0.3 million for three months ending June, 30, 2020 versus $0.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Mutual fund distribution fees and other income were $13.4 million for the first six months of 2020, a decrease of $3.5 million or 20.7% from $16.9 million in the first six months of 2019 ~~versus $2.8 million in the first six months of 2018.~~

~~Open-end fund distribution fees and other income were $16.9 million for the first half of 2019, a decrease of $3.1 million, or 15.5%, from $20.0 million in the prior year comparative period,~~ primarily due to lower average AUM in ~~open-end~~ equity mutual funds that generate distribution fees.

Expenses

Compensation costs, which are largely variable, were ~~$60.6~~$54.8 million in the first half of ~~2019,~~2020, or ~~10.4% higher~~9.6% lower than ~~the~~ prior year comparative compensation costs of ~~$54.9~~$60.6 million. The Chief Executive Officer’s (“CEO”) waiver of his compensation reduced compensation by $12.2 million in the first six months of 2019. The amortization of the DCCAs resulted in a ~~$2.7~~$12.0 million ~~increase~~decrease in compensation costs year over year. The CEO’s waiver of his compensation for January 1, 2019 through March 31, 2019 and March 1, 2018 through June 30, 2018 reduced compensation by $12.2 million and $19.1 million in the first half of 2019 and 2018, respectively. The remainder of the ~~period~~year over ~~period increase~~year change was comprised of a ~~$0.6~~$7.3 million decrease in variable compensation expense, a $0.9 million increase in stock compensation expense, ~~a $6.2 million decrease in variable compensation expense~~ and a ~~$1.7~~$0.4 million increase in fixed ~~compensation expense.~~compensation.

Management fee expense, which is wholly variable and based on pretax income, ~~increased~~decreased to $3.7 million in first six months of 2020 from $6.2 million in the first six months of 2019 from $6.1 million in the comparative 2018 period. Of this increase, $3.0 million resulted from the absence of a CEO waiver in the second quarter of 2019 versus a waiver that was in effect for the entire second quarter of 2018.2019. The DCCAs affected management fee expense, a component of the CEO’s DCCAs, in a fashion similar to the compensation expense, which resulted in a ~~$1.8~~$2.5 million decrease in management fee expense in the first ~~half~~six months of ~~2019~~2020 as compared with the first ~~half~~six months of ~~2018.~~2019.

Distribution costs were $14.3 million in the first six months of 2020, a decrease of $3.0 million, or 17.3%, from $17.3 million in the first ~~half~~six months of ~~2019, a decrease of $2.8 million, or 13.9%, from $20.1 million in the prior year’s comparative period.~~2019.

Other operating expenses were $10.3 million in the first six months of 2020, a decrease of $1.1 million, or 9.6%, from $11.4 million in the first six months of ~~2019, an increase~~2019. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, as a result of ~~$0.4 million, or 3.6%, from $11.0 million~~the dislocations in the ~~first six months of 2018.~~financial markets resulting from COVID-19, impairment analyses were performed which resulted in a $589 thousand impairment charge to the identifiable intangible asset related to the Gabelli Enterprise Mergers and Acquisitions Fund.

Operating income for the first six months of ~~2019~~2020 was ~~$55.4~~$44.1 million, a decrease of ~~$27.2~~$11.3 million, or ~~32.9%~~20.4%, from the ~~$82.6~~$55.4 million in the first six months of ~~2018.~~2019. Operating income, as a percentage of revenues, was 34.7% in first six months of 2020 as compared to 36.7% in the first six months of ~~2019 as compared to 47.3% in the comparative 2018 period.~~2019.

Non-operating income / (loss)

Total non-operating ~~income~~loss was ~~$3.5~~$10.6 million for the first six months of ~~2019~~2020 versus ~~a loss~~income of ~~$5.0~~$3.5 million in the ~~prior year’s comparative period.~~first six months of 2019. Investment losses were $9.9 million in the first six months of 2020 versus gains ~~were~~of $3.4 million in the first six months ~~ending June 30, 2019 versus losses~~ of ~~$3.9 million in the 2018 period.~~2019. Interest and dividend income ~~increased~~decreased to ~~$1.4 million from $1.0~~$0.7 million in the ~~comparative 2018 period.~~first six months of 2020 from $1.4 million in the first six months of 2019. Interest expense was $1.3 million in the first six months of ~~2019~~2020 versus ~~$2.1~~$1.3 million in the first six months of ~~2018.~~2019.

The ~~ETRs~~ETR for the first six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were 32.8% and ~~2018 were~~ 25.4% ~~and 24.2%~~, respectively. The ETR for the first half of 2020 was higher by 7.4%, primarily as a result of a 9.1% increase due to the non-deductibility of certain expenses as a result of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

Non-GAAP information and reconciliation

Operating income before management fee expense is used by management for purposes of evaluating its business operations. We believe this measure is useful in illustrating the operating results of the Company as management fee expense is based on pre-tax income before management fee expense, which includes non-operating items including gain/(loss) from investments, net from our proprietary investment portfolio, interest and dividend income, interest expense, and shareholder-designated contribution. We believe that an investor would find this useful in analyzing our business operations without the impact of the non-operating items such as trading and investment portfolios, interest and dividend income, interest expense, or shareholder-designated contribution.

Reconciliation of GAAP financial measures to non-GAAP (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Revenues, U.S. GAAP basis	$	57,559		$	76,407		$	127,126		$	150,743
Operating income, U.S. GAAP basis		18,763			26,760			44,083			55,373
Add back: management fee expense		2,060			4,709			3,725			6,158
Operating income before management fee	$	20,823		$	31,469		$	47,808		$	61,531

Operating margin		32.6	%		35.0	%		34.7	%		36.7	%
Operating margin before management fee		36.2	%		41.2	%		37.6	%		40.8	%

DEFERRED COMPENSATION

~~As previously disclosed, the~~The Company ~~has~~ deferred, through DCCAs, the cash compensation of the CEO relating to all of 2016 (“2016 DCCA”)~~, the first half of 2017 (“First Half 2017 DCCA”),~~ and the fourth quarter of 2017 (“Fourth Quarter 2017 DCCA”) to provide the Company with flexibility to pay down debt and enhance our ability to execute lift-outs, make acquisitions, and seed new products. We have made substantial progress toward this objective, having reduced our debt since the November 2015 spin-off of Associated Capital Group, Inc., resulting in Standard & Poor’s ~~July 2018~~February 2020 reaffirmation of our investment grade rating of BBB- and stable outlook.

The DCCAs deferred the CEO’s compensation expense by amortizing it over each DCCA’s respective vesting period. The CEO was not entitled to receive the compensation until the end of each respective vesting period, so U.S. GAAP specifies that the expense be amortized over the vesting period. The 2016 DCCA was expensed ratably over 4 years and the Fourth Quarter 2017 DCCA was expensed ratably over 18 months. In addition to the ratable vesting, the expense was marked to market at each reporting period as the DCCA expense was indexed to GBL’s stock price.

Notwithstanding its ability to settle these agreements in stock, GAMCO ~~currently intends to make~~made a cash payment to the CEO on each respective vesting date. While the agreements did not change the original calculation of the CEO’s compensation, our reporting under U.S. ~~generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”)~~GAAP for his compensation did change due to the ratable ~~vesting.~~

~~The DCCAs defer the CEO’s compensation expense by amortizing it over each DCCA’s respective~~ vesting period. The CEO is not entitled to receive the compensation until the end of each respective vesting period, so U.S. GAAP specifies this treatment of the expense. The 2016 DCCA is expensed ratably over 4 years, the First Half 2017 DCCA was expensed ratably over 18 months, and the ~~Fourth Quarter 2017 DCCA was expensed ratably over 18 months.~~

~~Because~~indexing to the ~~U.S. GAAP reporting~~GBL stock price. The original value of the DCCAs ~~granted to~~was based on the ~~CEO tracks vesting,~~ compensation ~~expense and management fee expense~~earned in the ~~year~~period divided by the volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) of ~~grant is lower than compensation expense and management fee expense in future periods~~the GBL stock price for the period (“Original VWAP”) to calculate the ~~extent that future periods contain~~number of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) granted. Upon vesting, each DCCA was paid out based on the lesser of the VWAP of GBL’s stock price on the vesting date (“Vesting Date VWAP”) and the Original VWAP multiplied by the number of RSUs. The table below shows a summary of the ~~prior year’s DCCA compensation in addition to normal non-deferred compensation for such future period. In 2016, the full amount of the compensation was deferred,~~DCCAs (in millions, except RSUs and expense was recorded for the 25% vesting in that year. In the first six months of 2017, the ratable vesting continued for the 2016 compensation, and the new First Half 2017 DCCA grant resulted in compensation for the first six months of 2017 being deferred and expense being recorded for 33% vesting in that period. The CEO’s third quarter 2017 compensation was not deferred so 100% of the CEO’s compensation for that period was recorded together with the ratable portions of the vesting of the 2016 DCCA and the First Half 2017 DCCA. This results in a compounding effect in periods when non-deferred current period compensation is incurred and prior period deferred compensation is ratably vested. On May 23, 2018, the CEO irrevocably waived receipt of $6.0 million of the First Half 2017 DCCA, and a commensurate reduction in compensation expense was recognized. Accordingly, this vesting schedule resulted in a $10.4 million decrease in compensation expense in the second quarter 2019 versus the comparable 2018 period’s compensation expense as well as a $0.5 million decrease in management fee expense in the second quarter 2019 versus the comparable 2018 period’s management fee expense.VWAPs):

	Number of RSUs		Original VWAP		Vesting Date VWAP		Vesting Date	Deferred Cash Compensation		Impact of Indexing to GBL Stock Price			Vesting Date Cash Payment
2016 DCCA		2,314,695	$	32.8187	$	18.8812	1/2/2020	$	76.0	$	(32.3	)	$	43.7
Fourth Quarter 2017 DCCA		530,662		29.1875		20.7916	4/1/2019		15.5		(4.5	)		11.0

~~On July 2, 2018, the First Half 2017 DCCA vested in accordance with the terms of the agreement and a cash payment in the amount of $28.3 million was made to the CEO.~~ On April 1, 2019, the Fourth Quarter 2017 DCCA vested in accordance with the terms of the agreement and a cash payment in the amount of $11.0 million was made to the CEO. This payment was reduced by $4.5 million resulting from the DCCA RSUs being indexed to GBL’s stock price and utilizing the lesser of the Vesting Date VWAP ($20.7916) versus the Original VWAP over the fourth quarter of 2017 ($29.1875). On January 2, 2020, the 2016 DCCA vested in accordance with the terms of the agreement and a cash payment of $43.7 million was made to the CEO. This payment was reduced by $32.3 million resulting from the DCCA RSUs being indexed to GBL’s stock price and utilizing the lesser of the Vesting Date VWAP ($18.8812) versus the Original VWAP over 2016 ($32.8187).

The following tables show the amortization and earnings per share (“EPS”) impact, inclusive of the indexing to the GBL stock price, of the DCCAs by quarter (in thousands, except per share data):

Amortization by quarter (increase / (decrease)) ^(a):							EPS impact by quarter:
Amortization by quarter (increase / (decrease)):															Amortization by quarter (increase / (decrease)):						EPS impact by quarter:
		2018			2019				2018			2019				2020			2019				2020		2019
	Q1	$	979		$	12,615		Q1	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.33	)	Q1	$	(1,409	)	$	12,615		Q1	$	0.03	$	(0.33	)
	Q2		11,232			427		Q2		(0.29	)		(0.01	)	Q2		-			427		Q2		-		(0.01	)
	Q3		183			2,773		Q3		-			(0.07	)	Q3		-			3,598		Q3		-		(0.09	)
	Q4		(8,764	)		2,773		Q4		0.23			(0.07	)	Q4		-			2,689		Q4		-		(0.09	)
Year	Year	$	3,630		$	18,588	Year		$	(0.09	)	$	(0.48	)	Year	$	(1,409	)	$	19,329	Year		$	0.03	$	(0.52	)

(a) The amortization amount of future periods assumes that the stock price of GBL of $19.17 is unchanged from June 30, 2019. For every $1.00 change in the GBL stock price, up to a GBL stock price of $32.8187, the 2016 DCCA would increase by $2,315.

The balance sheets, based on U.S. GAAP, are also impacted as only the vested portion of the compensation subject to the DCCAs is included in compensation payable. At June 30, 2019, the amount of unrecognized compensation was $5.5 million.

The following ~~tables~~table (in thousands, except per share data) ~~show~~shows a reconciliation of our results for the three months ~~and six months~~ ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018 and our balance sheet at June 30,~~ 2019 between the U.S. GAAP basis and a non-GAAP adjusted basis (“as adjusted”) as if all of the 2016 DCCA was recognized in 2016 ~~and the First Half 2017 DCCA~~ and the Fourth Quarter 2017 DCCA expense was recognized in 2017 without regard to the vesting schedule. We believe the non-GAAP financial measures below provide relevant and meaningful information to investors about our core operating results. These measures have been established in order to increase transparency for the purpose of evaluating our core business, for comparing results with prior period results, and to enable more appropriate comparisons with industry peers. However, non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered a substitute for financial measures calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP and may be calculated differently by other companies.

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended						Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,						June 30,					June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020		2019			2020			2019
Net income, U.S. GAAP basis	$	24,017		$	31,582		$	43,909		$	58,843		$	11,290	$	24,017		$	22,535		$	43,909
Impact of 2016 DCCA on expenses and taxes:
Compensation costs		(758	)		5,355			7,426			2,339			-		(758	)		(1,409	)		7,426
Management fee expense		1,030			1,030			2,060			2,060			-		1,030			-			2,060
Provision for income taxes		(65	)		(1,596	)		(2,276	)		(1,099	)		-		(65	)		338			(2,276	)
Total impact of 2016 DCCA		207			4,789			7,210			3,300			-		207			(1,071	)		7,210
Impact of First Half 2017 DCCA on expenses and taxes:
Compensation costs		-			2,107			-			1,894
Management fee expense		-			33			-			1,401
Provision for income taxes		-			(535	)		-			(824	)
Total impact of First Half 2017 DCCA		-			1,605			-			2,471
Impact of Fourth Quarter 2017 DCCA on expenses and taxes:
Compensation costs		155			2,289			3,138			3,680			-		155			-			3,138
Management fee expense		-			419			419			838			-		-			-			419
Provision for income taxes		(37	)		(677	)		(853	)		(1,130	)		-		(37	)		-			(853	)
Total impact of Fourth Quarter 2017 DCCA		118			2,031			2,704			3,388			-		118			-			2,704
Total impact of DCCAs on expense and taxes		325			8,425			9,914			9,159			-		325			(1,071	)		9,914
Net income, as adjusted	$	24,342		$	40,007		$	53,823		$	68,002		$	11,290	$	24,342		$	21,464		$	53,823

Per share (basic):
Net income, U.S. GAAP basis	$	0.88		$	1.10		$	1.57		$	2.04		$	0.42	$	0.88		$	0.85		$	1.57
Impact of DCCAs		0.01			0.29			0.36			0.31			-		0.01			(0.04	)		0.36
Net income, as adjusted	$	0.89		$	1.39		$	1.93		$	2.35		$	0.42	$	0.89		$	0.81		$	1.93
Per fully diluted share:
Net income, U.S. GAAP basis	$	0.88		$	1.10		$	1.57		$	2.04		$	0.42	$	0.88		$	0.84		$	1.57
Impact of DCCAs		0.01			0.29			0.35			0.31			-		0.01			(0.04	)		0.35
Net income, as adjusted	$	0.89		$	1.39		$	1.92		$	2.35		$	0.42	$	0.89		$	0.80		$	1.92

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

June 30, 2019
Reported GAAP Impact of 2016 DCCA Non-GAAP
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 52,008 $ - $ 52,008
Investments in securities 36,811 - 36,811
Receivable from brokers 4,188 - 4,188
Investment advisory fees receivable 22,865 - 22,865
Receivable from affiliates 4,019 - 4,019
Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets 3,765 - 3,765
Deferred tax asset and income tax receivable 18,250 1,331 19,581
Other assets 8,450 - 8,450
Total assets $ 150,356 $ 1,331 $ 151,687

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Payable to brokers 99 - 99
Income taxes payable and deferred tax liabilities 1,935 - 1,935
Lease liability obligations 5,825 - 5,825
Compensation payable 65,335 5,547 70,882
Payable to affiliates 434 - 434
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 29,930 - 29,930
Sub-total 103,558 5,547 109,105
5.875% Senior notes (due June 1, 2021) 24,180 - 24,180
Total liabilities 127,738 5,547 133,285

Stockholders' equity
Class A Common Stock 14 - 14
Class B Common Stock 19 - 19
Additional paid-in capital 15,347 - 15,347
Retained earnings 325,605 (4,216 ) 321,389
Accumulated other comprehensive income (243 ) - (243 )
Treasury stock, at cost (318,124 ) - (318,124 )
Total stockholders' equity 22,618 (4,216 ) 18,402
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 150,356 $ 1,331 $ 151,687

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our principal assets are highly liquid in nature and consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, and securities held for investment purposes. Cash and cash equivalents are comprised primarily of a 100% U.S. Treasury money market ~~funds~~fund managed by ~~GAMCO.~~GAMCO (The Gabelli U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund).

Summary cash flow data for the first six months of ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 was as follows (in thousands):

	Six Months Ended						Six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Cash flows provided by/(used in) operations :
Cash flows provided by/(used in) activities :
Operating activities	$	48,210		$	85,844		$	20,954		$	48,210
Investing activities		(4,816	)		-			(46,101	)		(4,816	)
Financing activities		(32,589	)		(62,087	)		(2,887	)		(32,589	)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents from activities		10,805			23,757
Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents from activities								(28,034	)		10,805
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents		1			(90	)		15			1
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		10,806			23,667
Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents								(28,019	)		10,806
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		41,202			17,821			86,136			41,202
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	52,008		$	41,488		$	58,117		$	52,008

Cash and liquidity requirements have historically been met through cash generated by operating income and our borrowing capacity. We filed a “shelf” registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) that was declared effective in April 2018. The shelf provides us opportunistic flexibility to sell any combination of senior and subordinate debt securities, convertible debt securities, equity securities (including common and preferred stock), and other securities up to a total amount of $500 million. The shelf is available through April 2021, at which time it may be renewed.

On February 23, 2018, the Company announced that its CEO elected to waive all of his compensation that he would otherwise have been entitled to for the period from March 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018. On December 26, 2018, the Company announced that the CEO elected to ~~continue to~~irrevocably waive all of his compensation that he would otherwise have been entitled to for the period from January 1, 2019 to March 31, 2019. On August 27, 2019, the CEO elected to irrevocably waive all of his compensation that he would otherwise have been entitled to for the period from September 1, 2019 to November 30, 2019. As a result of ~~this~~the waiver, there was ~~$17.2 million of compensation and management fee waived by the CEO for the three months ended June 30, 2018. There was~~ $13.9 ~~million and $23.8~~ million of compensation and management fee waived by the CEO for the six months ended June 30, ~~2019 and 2018, respectively. Additionally, on May 23, 2018,~~2019. On January 2, 2020, the CEO irrevocably waived receipt of $6.0 million of the First Half 2017 DCCA, and a commensurate reduction in compensation expense was recognized in the three months ended June 30, 2018. On July 2, 2018, the First Half 20172016 DCCA vested in accordance with the terms of the agreement and a cash payment in the amount of ~~$28.3~~$43.7 million was made to the CEO. On ~~April~~July 1, ~~2019,~~2020, the ~~Fourth Quarter 2017 DCCA vested in accordance with~~Company announced that the ~~terms~~CEO elected to irrevocably waive all of his compensation that he would otherwise have been entitled to for the ~~agreement and a cash payment in the amount~~period from July 1, 2020 to November 10, 2020.

As of ~~$11.0 million was made to the CEO.~~

At June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, we had ~~total unrestricted~~ cash and cash equivalents of ~~$52.0~~$58.1 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$10.8~~$28.0 million from December 31, ~~2018~~2019, primarily due to the Company’s investing activities, partially offset by the Company’s operating activities, described below. Total debt outstanding at June 30, ~~2019~~2020 was $24.2 million, which consisted of ~~5.875%~~ senior notes due 2021.

~~For~~Net cash provided by operating activities was $21.0 million for the six months ended June 30, ~~2019, net cash~~2020, as compared to $48.2 million provided by operating activities ~~was $48.2 million, a decrease of $37.6 million from net cash provided~~ in the prior year’s comparative ~~period~~period. Cash flows from operating activities primarily consisted of $85.8 million. Cash was provided through an increase in deferred income taxes of $3.4 million, an increase of $0.6 million in stock based compensation expense, and $2.2 million from all other sources. Reducing cash was a decrease in net income ~~of $14.9 million, a decrease~~adjusted for certain non-cash items and changes in compensation payable of $9.8 million, an increase in investment advisory fees receivable of $7.4 million, an increase in short-term investments in securities of $5.3 million, a decrease in income taxes payableassets and ~~deferred tax liabilities of $4.0 million, an increase in income tax receivable and deferred tax assets of $1.7 million, and a decrease in payables to affiliates of $0.7 million.~~ liabilities.

Net cash used in investing activities in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2019~~2020 was ~~$4.8~~$46.1 million, including ~~$5.1~~$50.1 million in purchases of securities held for investment purposes partially offset by ~~$0.3~~$4.0 million in proceeds from sales of securities held for investment ~~purposes.~~ purposes, as compared to $4.8 million used in the prior year’s comparative period.

Net cash used in financing activities in the first six months of ~~2019~~2020 was ~~$32.6~~$2.9 million, including ~~$30.8~~$1.7 million paid for the purchase of treasury stock, ~~$1.7~~$1.1 million paid in dividends, and $0.1 million ~~for the repayment of~~paid on the principal portion of ~~the capital lease.~~

~~For the six months ended June 30, 2018, net cash provided by operating activities was $85.8~~lease liabilities, as compared to $32.6 million ~~and net cash~~ used in ~~financing activities was $62.1 million. There was no cash provided by or used in investing activities for~~ the ~~first six months of 2018.~~prior year’s comparative period.

Based upon our current level of operations and anticipated growth, we expect that our current cash balances plus anticipated cash flows from operating activities and our borrowing capacity will be sufficient to finance our working capital needs for the foreseeable future. We believe we have no immediate material commitments for capital expenditures.

Under the terms of the lease of our Rye, New York office, we are obligated to make minimum total payments of $9.3 million through December 2028.

We continue to maintain an investment grade rating of BBB- with Standard and Poor’s Ratings Services. We believe that our ability to maintain our investment grade rating will provide greater access to the capital markets, enhance liquidity, and lower overall borrowing costs. Our rating is Ba1 with Moody’s Investors Services.

We have one broker-dealer subsidiary, G.distributors, which is subject to certain net capital requirements. G.distributors computes its net capital under the alternative method permitted, which requires minimum net capital of the greater of $250,000 or 2% of the aggregate debit items in the reserve formula for those broker-dealers subject to Rule 15c3-3 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The requirement was $250,000 for the broker-dealer at June 30, ~~2019.~~2020. At June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, G.distributors had net capital, as defined, of approximately ~~$3.8~~$2.2 million, exceeding the regulatory requirement by approximately ~~$3.6~~$1.9 million. Net capital requirements for our affiliated broker-dealer may increase in accordance with the rules and regulations applicable to broker-dealers to the extent G.distributors engages in other business activities.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) enacted in December 2017 contains provisions that affect the deductibility of named executive officer (“NEO”) compensation. Specifically, the Act eliminates the performance based compensation exception for NEO compensation deductibility, limiting the amount of deductible NEO compensation to $1 million annually per NEO.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods presented. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. See Note A1 in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, and the Company’s Critical Accounting Policies in Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in GAMCO’s ~~2018~~2019 annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March ~~11, 2019~~6, 2020 for details on Critical Accounting Policies.

~~Item~~ITEM 3. ~~Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk~~QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

In the normal course of its business, GAMCO is exposed to the risk of loss due to fluctuations in the securities market and general economy. Management is responsible for identifying, assessing, and managing market and other risks.

Our exposure to pricing risk in equity securities is directly related to our role as a financial intermediary and advisor for AUM in our affiliated ~~open-end~~Funds and ~~closed-end funds, institutional~~Institutional and ~~private wealth management~~PWM accounts, ~~and investment partnerships~~ as well as our proprietary investment and trading activities. At June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, we had equity investments of ~~$36.8~~$17.7 million. We may alter our investment holdings from time to time in response to changes in market risks and other factors considered appropriate by management. The equity securities investment portfolio is at fair value and ~~will~~may move in line with the equity markets. The equity securities investment portfolio changes are recorded as ~~net gain /~~ gain/(loss) from investments, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form ~~10-Q~~.10-Q.

Market Risk

Our primary market risk exposure is to changes in equity prices and interest rates. Since approximately ~~95%~~90% of our AUM ~~are~~is equities, our financial results are subject to equity market risk, as revenues from our investment management services are sensitive to stock market dynamics. In addition, returns from our proprietary investment portfolios are exposed to interest rate and equity market risk.

The Company’s Chief Investment Officer oversees the proprietary investment portfolios and allocations of proprietary capital among the various strategies. The Chief Investment Officer and the Company’s Board of Directors review the proprietary investment portfolios throughout the year. Additionally, the Company monitors its proprietary investment portfolios to ensure that they are in compliance with the Company’s guidelines.

Equity Price Risk

The Company earns substantially all of its revenue as advisory and incentive fees and distribution fees from affiliated ~~open-end and closed-end funds~~Funds and Institutional &and PWM assets. Such fees represent a percentage of AUM, and the majority of these assets are in equity investments. Accordingly, since revenues are proportionate to the value of those investments, a substantial increase or decrease in equity markets overall ~~will~~may have a corresponding effect on the ~~Company's~~Company’s revenues.

Related to our proprietary investment activities, we had investments in equity securities of ~~$36.8~~$17.7 million at June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, which included investments in common stocks of ~~$35.6~~$16.4 million, investments in ~~open-end~~mutual funds of $0.8 million, and investments in closed-end Funds of $0.5 million, and at December 31, 2019, we had investments in securities of $27.7 million, which included investments in common stocks of $26.5 million, investments in mutual funds of $0.7 million, and investments in closed-end ~~funds~~Funds of $0.5 ~~million, and at December 31, 2018, we had investments in securities of $33.8 million, which included investments in common stocks of $32.4 million and investments in closed-end funds of $1.3~~ million. Of the ~~$35.6~~$16.4 million and ~~$32.4~~$26.5 million invested in common stocks at June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, ~~$20.7~~$8.3 million and ~~$18.8~~$16.4 million, respectively, was related to our investment in Westwood Holdings Group Inc. (NYSE: WHG). Securities sold, not yet purchased are financial instruments purchased under agreements to resell and financial instruments sold under agreement to repurchase. These financial instruments are stated at fair value and are subject to market risks resulting from changes in price and volatility. At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were no securities sold, not yet purchased.

The following table provides a sensitivity analysis for our investments in equity securities as of June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 (in thousands). The sensitivity analysis assumes a 10% increase or decrease in the value of these investments:

(unaudited)	Fair Value			Fair Value assuming 10% decrease in equity prices			Fair Value assuming 10% increase in equity prices			Fair Value		Fair Value assuming 10% decrease in equity prices		Fair Value assuming 10% increase in equity prices
At June 30, 2019:
At June 30, 2020:
Equity price sensitive investments, at fair value		$	36,811		$	33,130		$	40,492	$	17,698	$	15,928	$	19,468
At December 31, 2018:
At December 31, 2019:
Equity price sensitive investments, at fair value		$	33,789		$	30,410		$	37,168	$	27,726	$	24,953	$	30,499

Interest Rate Risk

Our exposure to interest rate risk results, principally, from our investment of excess cash in a sponsored money market fund that holds U.S. government securities. These investments are primarily short term in nature, and the carrying value of these investments generally approximates fair value. Based on the June 30, ~~2019~~2020 cash and cash equivalents balance of ~~$52.0~~$58.1 million, a 1% increase in interest rates would increase our interest income by ~~$0.5~~$0.6 million ~~annually, while~~annually. Given the current low interest rate environment, an analysis of a 1% decrease ~~would reduce our interest income by $0.5 million annually.~~is not meaningful.

~~Item~~ITEM 4. ~~Controls and Procedures~~CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, ~~2019.~~2020. Disclosure controls and procedures as defined under the Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), are designed to ensure that the information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time period specified in SEC rules and regulations. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Principal Financial Officer (“PFO”), to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our CEO and PFO participated in this evaluation and concluded that, as of the date of June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting as defined by Rule 13a-15(f) that occurred during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II: OTHER INFORMATION

~~Part II: Other Information~~

~~Item~~ITEM 1. ~~Legal Proceedings~~LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, the Company may be named in legal actions and proceedings. These actions may seek substantial or indeterminate compensatory as well as punitive damages or injunctive relief. The Company is also subject to governmental or regulatory examinations or investigations. The examinations or investigations could result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, injunctions, restitutions, or other relief. For any such matters, the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item I of this Form 10-Q include the necessary provisions for losses that the Company believes are probable and estimable. Furthermore, the Company evaluates whether there exist losses which may be reasonably possible and, ~~will,~~ if material, ~~make~~makes the necessary disclosures. However, management believes such amounts, both those that are probable and those that are reasonably possible, are not material to the Company’s financial condition, operations, or cash flows at June 30, ~~2019.~~2020. See also Note 10, Commitments and Contingencies, to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item I of this Form 10-Q.

~~Item~~ITEM 1A. ~~Risk Factors~~RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019, except as disclosed in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2020. For a discussion of our potential risks and uncertainties, see the information under the heading “Risk Factors” in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 filed with the SEC on March ~~11, 2019,~~6, 2020 and in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2020 filed with the SEC on May 8, 2020, which isare accessible on the SEC’s website at sec.gov and the Company’s website at gabelli.com.

~~Item~~ITEM 2. ~~Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds~~UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table provides information ~~with respect to the repurchase~~regarding purchases of Class A Stock made by or on behalf of ~~GBL~~the Company or any “affiliated purchaser” (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended June 30, ~~2019:~~

Period (a) Total Number of Shares Repurchased (b) Average Price Paid Per Share, net of Commissions (c) Total Number of Shares Repurchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (d) Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
4/01/19 - 4/30/19 1,242,243 $ 21.00 1,242,243 708,972
5/01/19 - 5/31/19 42,853 19.03 42,853 666,119
6/01/19 - 6/30/19 75,065 18.27 75,065 591,054
Totals 1,360,161 $ 20.79 1,360,161

2020:

~~In May 2019, our~~

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased ⁽¹⁾		Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs ⁽¹⁾		Maximum Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
4/01/20 - 4/30/20		14,999	$	10.79		14,999	$	$29,838,175
5/01/20 - 5/31/20		32,660		11.45		32,660		29,464,194
6/01/20 - 6/30/20		18,045		13.09		18,045	$	$29,227,959
Totals		65,704	$	11.75		65,704

(1)	On trade date basis.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

On August 4, 2020, the Board of Directors ~~increased~~approved a $0.25 per share shareholder designated charitable contribution, a 25% increase from the ~~buyback authorization by 1,212,759~~previous contribution under the program. If all eligible shares outstanding were registered to participate at the record date, the total contribution would approach $7 million.

On August 4, 2020, the Board of Directors authorized a share re-purchase of 3,000,000 shares of ~~our~~its outstanding Class A Stock. ~~Our stock~~This replaces any outstanding share repurchase ~~program is not subject to an expiration date.~~authorizations.

~~Item~~ITEM 6. ~~Exhibits~~EXHIBITS


31.1			Certification of CEO pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).

31.2

Certification of PFO pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).

32.1

Certification of CEO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2

Certification of PFO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document).

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema ~~Document~~Document.

101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase ~~Document~~Document.

101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase ~~Document~~Document.

101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase ~~Document~~Document.

101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase ~~Document~~Document.

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

GAMCO INVESTORS, INC.

(Registrant)

By: /s/ Kieran Caterina
Name: Kieran Caterina
Title: Principal Financial Officer

Date: August 7, ~~2019~~2020

	June 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Cost		Estimated Market Value		Cost			Estimated Market Value
Securities carried at FVTNI:
Common stocks	$	41,351	$	35,568		$	38,865		$	32,414
Open-end funds		753		745			44			38
Closed-end funds		484		498			1,414			1,337
Total securities carried at FVTNI	$	42,588	$	36,811		$	40,323		$	33,789

	June 30, 2019						December 31, 2018
	Carrying			Fair Value			Carrying			Fair Value
	Value			Level 2			Value			Level 2
5.875% Senior Notes		$	24,180		$	24,530		$	24,168		$	23,061
Total		$	24,180		$	24,530		$	24,168		$	23,061

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

	June 30, 2019
	Reported GAAP			Impact of 2016 DCCA			Non-GAAP
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	52,008		$	-		$	52,008
Investments in securities		36,811			-			36,811
Receivable from brokers		4,188			-			4,188
Investment advisory fees receivable		22,865			-			22,865
Receivable from affiliates		4,019			-			4,019
Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets		3,765			-			3,765
Deferred tax asset and income tax receivable		18,250			1,331			19,581
Other assets		8,450			-			8,450
Total assets	$	150,356		$	1,331		$	151,687

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Payable to brokers		99			-			99
Income taxes payable and deferred tax liabilities		1,935			-			1,935
Lease liability obligations		5,825			-			5,825
Compensation payable		65,335			5,547			70,882
Payable to affiliates		434			-			434
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		29,930			-			29,930
Sub-total		103,558			5,547			109,105
5.875% Senior notes (due June 1, 2021)		24,180			-			24,180
Total liabilities		127,738			5,547			133,285

Stockholders' equity
Class A Common Stock		14			-			14
Class B Common Stock		19			-			19
Additional paid-in capital		15,347			-			15,347
Retained earnings		325,605			(4,216	)		321,389
Accumulated other comprehensive income		(243	)		-			(243	)
Treasury stock, at cost		(318,124	)		-			(318,124	)
Total stockholders' equity		22,618			(4,216	)		18,402
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	150,356		$	1,331		$	151,687

Period	(a) Total Number of Shares Repurchased		(b) Average Price Paid Per Share, net of Commissions		(c) Total Number of Shares Repurchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		(d) Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
4/01/19 - 4/30/19		1,242,243	$	21.00		1,242,243		708,972
5/01/19 - 5/31/19		42,853		19.03		42,853		666,119
6/01/19 - 6/30/19		75,065		18.27		75,065		591,054
Totals		1,360,161	$	20.79		1,360,161