UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☑			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

			For the quarterly period ended ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024

or

☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

			For the transition period from _____________ to _____________

Commission File Number: 1-14303

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)


Delaware						38-3161171
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

One Dauch Drive, Detroit, Michigan						48211-1198
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)						(Zip Code)

(313) 758-2000

(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☑ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	AXL	New York Stock Exchange

As of ~~August 1, 2023,~~April 30, 2024, the latest practicable date, the number of shares of the registrant's Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding was ~~117,057,899~~117,553,022 shares.

Internet Website Access to Reports

The website for American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc. is www.aam.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED ~~JUNE 30, 2023~~MARCH 31, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS


			Page Number

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS			1

Part I		FINANCIAL INFORMATION	2

	Item 1	Financial Statements	2
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~Income~~Operations	2
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income ~~(Loss)~~	3
		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	4
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	5
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity	6
		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7

	Item 2	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	3025

	Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	4635

	Item 4	Controls and Procedures	4736

Part II		OTHER INFORMATION	4837

	Item 1A	Risk Factors	4837

	Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	4837

	Item 5	Other Information	4837

	Item 6	Exhibits	4938

		Signatures	5039

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Quarterly Report), we make statements concerning our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, strategies, and future events or performance. Such statements are “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and relate to trends and events that may affect our future financial position and operating results. The terms such as “will,” “may,” “could,” “would,” “plan,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “project,” "target," and similar words or expressions, as well as statements in future tense, are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times at, or by, which such performance or results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made and/or management’s good faith belief as of that time with respect to future events and are subject to risks and may differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to:

•global economic conditions, including the impact of inflation, recession or recessionary concerns, or slower growth in the markets in which we operate;

•reduced purchases of our products by General Motors Company (GM), Stellantis N.V. (Stellantis), Ford Motor Company (Ford) or other customers;

•our ability to respond to changes in technology, increased competition or pricing pressures;

•our ability to develop and produce new products that reflect market demand;

•lower-than-anticipated market acceptance of new or existing products;

•our ability to attract new customers and programs for new products;

•reduced demand for our customers' products (particularly light trucks and sport utility vehicles (SUVs) produced by GM, Stellantis and Ford);

•risks inherent in our global operations (including tariffs and the potential consequences thereof to us, our suppliers, and our customers and their suppliers, adverse changes in trade agreements, such as the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), compliance with customs and trade regulations, immigration policies, political stability or geopolitical conflicts, taxes and other law changes, potential disruptions of production and supply, and currency rate fluctuations);

•supply shortages ~~such as the semiconductor shortage that the automotive industry is currently experiencing~~ and the availability of natural gas or other fuel and utility sources in certain regions, labor shortages, including increased labor costs, or price increases in raw material and/or freight, utilities or other operating supplies for us or our customers as a result of pandemic or epidemic illness such as COVID-19, geopolitical conflicts, natural disasters or otherwise;

•a significant disruption in operations at one or more of our key manufacturing facilities;

•risks inherent in transitioning our business from internal combustion engine vehicle products to electric vehicle products;

•our ability to realize the expected revenues from our new and incremental business backlog;

•negative or unexpected tax ~~consequences;~~consequences, including those resulting from tax litigation;

•risks related to a failure of our information technology systems and networks, including cloud-based applications, and risks associated with current and emerging technology threats and damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, cyber attacks and other similar disruptions;

•our suppliers', our customers' and their suppliers' ability to maintain satisfactory labor relations and avoid or minimize work stoppages;

•cost or availability of financing for working capital, capital expenditures, research and development (R&D) or other general corporate purposes including acquisitions, as well as our ability to comply with financial covenants;

•our customers' and suppliers' availability of financing for working capital, capital expenditures, R&D or other general corporate purposes;

•an impairment of our goodwill, other intangible assets, or long-lived assets if our business or market conditions indicate that the carrying values of those assets exceed their fair values;

•liabilities arising from warranty claims, product recall or field actions, product liability and legal proceedings to which we are or may become a party, or the impact of product recall or field actions on our customers;

•our ability or our customers' and suppliers' ability to successfully launch new product programs on a timely basis;

•risks of environmental issues, including impacts of climate-related events, that could result in unforeseen issues or costs at our facilities, or risks of noncompliance with environmental laws and regulations, including reputational damage;

•our ability to maintain satisfactory labor relations and avoid work stoppages;

•our ability to consummate and successfully integrate acquisitions and joint ventures;

•our ability to achieve the level of cost reductions required to sustain global cost competitiveness or our ability to recover certain cost increases from our customers;

•~~our ability to realize the expected revenues from our new and incremental business backlog;~~

•price volatility in, or reduced availability of, fuel;

•our ability to protect our intellectual property and successfully defend against assertions made against us;

•adverse changes in laws, government regulations or market conditions affecting our products or our customers' products;

•our ability or our customers' and suppliers' ability to comply with regulatory requirements and the potential costs of such compliance;

•changes in liabilities arising from pension and other postretirement benefit obligations;

•our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel in key positions and functions; and

•other unanticipated events and conditions that may hinder our ability to compete.

It is not possible to foresee or identify all such factors and we make no commitment to update any forward-looking statement or to disclose any facts, events or circumstances after the date hereof that may affect the accuracy of any forward-looking statement.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF ~~INCOME~~OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)




		Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended				Three Months Ended
		June 30,				June 30,					March 31,
		2023		2022		2023		2022				2024	2023
		(in millions, except per share data)										(in millions, except per share data)

Net sales	Net sales	$	1,570.7	$	1,438.3	$	3,064.6	$	2,874.5
Net sales
Net sales

Cost of goods sold
Cost of goods sold
Cost of goods sold	Cost of goods sold	1,392.5		1,264.8		2,725.8		2,514.2

Gross profit	Gross profit	178.2		173.5		338.8		360.3
Gross profit
Gross profit

Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses	Selling, general and administrative expenses	91.1		84.8		189.4		170.9

Amortization of intangible assets	Amortization of intangible assets	21.4		21.4		42.8		42.9
Amortization of intangible assets
Amortization of intangible assets

Restructuring and acquisition-related costs

Restructuring and acquisition-related costs

Restructuring and acquisition-related costs	Restructuring and acquisition-related costs	7.9		9.6		12.7		18.5

Operating income	Operating income	57.8		57.7		93.9		128.0


Operating income

Operating income

Interest expense
Interest expense
Interest expense	Interest expense	(50.2)		(42.7)		(100.7)		(87.4)

Interest income	Interest income	5.9		3.2		11.8		6.2
Interest income
Interest income

Other income (expense)	Other income (expense)
Debt refinancing and redemption costs		—		(0.2)		—		(5.8)
Gain on bargain purchase of business		—		11.6		—		11.6
Other income (expense)
Other income (expense)

Unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities

Unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities

Unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities	Unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities	0.3		(3.7)		—		(21.7)
Other income (expense), net	Other income (expense), net	(0.5)		(2.4)		3.2		(3.4)

Income before income taxes		13.3		23.5		8.2		27.5
Income (loss) before income taxes
Income (loss) before income taxes
Income (loss) before income taxes

Income tax expense	Income tax expense	5.3		0.6		5.3		3.6
Income tax expense
Income tax expense

Net income		$	8.0	$	22.9	$	2.9	$	23.9
Net income (loss)
Net income (loss)
Net income (loss)

Basic earnings per share		$	0.07	$	0.19	$	0.02	$	0.20
Basic earnings (loss) per share
Basic earnings (loss) per share
Basic earnings (loss) per share

Diluted earnings per share		$	0.07	$	0.19	$	0.02	$	0.20
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
Diluted earnings (loss) per share

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ~~(LOSS)~~

(Unaudited)


				Three Months Ended
				Three Months Ended
				Three Months Ended
			March 31,								March 31,
						2024						2024	2023

							(in millions)
							(in millions)
							(in millions)
Net income (loss)

Other comprehensive income (loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Defined benefit plans, net of tax (a)
Defined benefit plans, net of tax (a)
Defined benefit plans, net of tax (a)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Changes in cash flow hedges, net of tax (b)
Other comprehensive income (loss)

Comprehensive income
Comprehensive income
Comprehensive income

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2023			2022			2023		2022

	(in millions)
Net income	$	8.0		$	22.9		$	2.9	$	23.9

Other comprehensive income (loss)
Defined benefit plans, net of tax (a)	(0.7)			1.3			(1.4)		2.6
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(4.7)			(42.3)			4.1		(36.3)
Changes in cash flow hedges, net of tax (b)	17.3			(1.7)			19.8		14.0
Other comprehensive income (loss)	11.9			(42.7)			22.5		(19.7)

Comprehensive income (loss)	$	19.9		$	(19.8)		$	25.4	$	4.2


(a)			Amounts are net of tax of ~~$0.4 million and $0.9~~$0.3 million for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and ~~$(0.5) million and $(1.0)~~$0.5 million for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023.
(b)			Amounts are net of tax of ~~$(3.5) million and $(1.7)~~$(3.0) million for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and ~~$0.2 million and $(2.7)~~$1.8 million for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023.

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022			March 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
		(Unaudited)					(Unaudited)
Assets	Assets	(in millions)				Assets	(in millions)
Current assets	Current assets					Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	511.1	$	511.5
Accounts receivable, net	Accounts receivable, net	921.1		820.2
Inventories, net	Inventories, net	477.1		463.9
Prepaid expenses and other	Prepaid expenses and other	200.3		197.8

Total current assets	Total current assets	2,109.6		1,993.4
Total current assets
Total current assets

Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, net	Property, plant and equipment, net	1,817.9		1,903.0
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	135.8		119.0
Goodwill	Goodwill	181.7		181.6
Other intangible assets, net	Other intangible assets, net	574.2		616.2
GM postretirement cost sharing asset	GM postretirement cost sharing asset	128.2		127.6
Operating lease right-of-use assets	Operating lease right-of-use assets	103.3		107.2
Other assets and deferred charges	Other assets and deferred charges	456.7		421.4
Total assets	Total assets	$	5,507.4	$	5,469.4

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities	Current liabilities					Current liabilities

Current portion of long-term debt
Current portion of long-term debt
Current portion of long-term debt	Current portion of long-term debt	$	16.3	$	75.9
Accounts payable	Accounts payable	828.4		734.0
Accrued compensation and benefits	Accrued compensation and benefits	183.8		186.6
Deferred revenue	Deferred revenue	15.9		28.1
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	Current portion of operating lease liabilities	20.8		21.1
Accrued expenses and other	Accrued expenses and other	168.4		153.6

Total current liabilities	Total current liabilities	1,233.6		1,199.3
Total current liabilities
Total current liabilities

Long-term debt, net
Long-term debt, net
Long-term debt, net	Long-term debt, net	2,853.9		2,845.1
Deferred revenue	Deferred revenue	69.3		73.4
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	6.4		10.7
Long-term portion of operating lease liabilities	Long-term portion of operating lease liabilities	84.1		87.2
Postretirement benefits and other long-term liabilities	Postretirement benefits and other long-term liabilities	615.3		626.4
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	4,862.6		4,842.1

Stockholders' equity	Stockholders' equity
Stockholders' equity
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 150.0 million shares authorized;	Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 150.0 million shares authorized;
127.4 million shares issued as of June 30, 2023 and 123.3 million shares issued as of December 31, 2022		1.3		1.3
128.2 million shares issued as of March 31, 2024 and 127.4 million shares issued as of December 31, 2023
128.2 million shares issued as of March 31, 2024 and 127.4 million shares issued as of December 31, 2023
128.2 million shares issued as of March 31, 2024 and 127.4 million shares issued as of December 31, 2023
Paid-in capital	Paid-in capital	1,376.0		1,369.2
Accumulated deficit	Accumulated deficit	(246.7)		(249.6)
Treasury stock at cost, 10.3 million shares as of June 30, 2023 and 8.7 million shares as of December 31, 2022		(232.9)		(218.2)
Treasury stock at cost, 10.7 million shares as of March 31, 2024 and 10.3 million shares as of December 31, 2023
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Defined benefit plans, net of tax
Defined benefit plans, net of tax
Defined benefit plans, net of tax	Defined benefit plans, net of tax	(148.3)		(146.9)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	Foreign currency translation adjustments	(145.6)		(149.7)
Unrecognized gain on cash flow hedges, net of tax	Unrecognized gain on cash flow hedges, net of tax	41.0		21.2

Total stockholders' equity	Total stockholders' equity	644.8		627.3

Total stockholders' equity

Total stockholders' equity
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	5,507.4	$	5,469.4

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)


			Six Months Ended					Three Months Ended
			June 30,					March 31,
			2023		2022			2024	2023
			(in millions)
		(in millions)								(in millions)
Operating activities	Operating activities						Operating activities
Net income			$	2.9	$	23.9
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Net income (loss)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization		245.4		242.3

Deferred income taxes
Deferred income taxes
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes		(21.0)		(14.2)
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation		6.8		9.1
Pensions and other postretirement benefits, net of contributions	Pensions and other postretirement benefits, net of contributions		(7.0)		(4.6)

Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, net			3.2		(2.2)
Unrealized loss on equity securities			—		21.7
Gain on bargain purchase of business			—		(11.6)
Debt refinancing and redemption costs			—		5.8
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment, net
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment, net
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment, net
Unrealized loss (gain) on equity securities

Changes in operating assets and liabilities	Changes in operating assets and liabilities

Changes in operating assets and liabilities

Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable	Accounts receivable		(97.4)		(147.1)
Inventories	Inventories		(7.9)		(25.4)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	Accounts payable and accrued expenses		99.2		145.7
Deferred revenue	Deferred revenue		(17.2)		(7.7)
Other assets and liabilities	Other assets and liabilities		(42.1)		(20.5)
Net cash provided by operating activities	Net cash provided by operating activities		164.9		215.2

Investing activities
Investing activities
Investing activities	Investing activities
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	Purchases of property, plant and equipment		(90.7)		(71.2)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment	Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment		0.4		4.2

Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired	Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired		(1.3)		(87.6)
Proceeds from insurance claim (Note 15)			17.0		4.6

Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired

Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired
Proceeds from insurance claim
Other investing activities	Other investing activities		(3.3)		(0.2)
Net cash used in investing activities	Net cash used in investing activities		(77.9)		(150.2)

Financing activities	Financing activities
Financing activities
Financing activities

Payments of Revolving Credit Facility

Payments of Revolving Credit Facility

Payments of Revolving Credit Facility	Payments of Revolving Credit Facility		(25.0)		—
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt		33.9		220.7
Payments of long-term debt	Payments of long-term debt		(71.2)		(310.6)
Debt issuance costs			(3.1)		(4.4)

Purchase of treasury stock

Purchase of treasury stock

Purchase of treasury stock	Purchase of treasury stock		(14.7)		(1.9)
Other financing activities	Other financing activities		(7.3)		9.5

Net cash used in financing activities	Net cash used in financing activities		(87.4)		(86.7)
Net cash used in financing activities
Net cash used in financing activities

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		—		(7.1)

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(0.4)		(28.8)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		511.5		530.2

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	Cash and cash equivalents at end of period		$	511.1	$	501.4
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

Supplemental cash flow information	Supplemental cash flow information
Supplemental cash flow information
Supplemental cash flow information
Interest paid
Interest paid
Interest paid	Interest paid		$	88.8	$	86.5
Income taxes paid, net	Income taxes paid, net		$	40.6	$	20.5

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)


	Common Stock													Common Stock					Accumulated
	Shares												Shares	Par	Paid-in	Retained Earnings	Treasury	Other Comprehensive
	Outstanding												Outstanding	Value	Capital	(Accumulated Deficit)	Stock	Income (Loss)
	(in millions)																	(in millions)
		Common Stock									Accumulated
		Shares	Par		Paid-in		Retained Earnings		Treasury		Other Comprehensive
		Outstanding	Value		Capital		(Accumulated Deficit)		Stock		Income (Loss)
		(in millions)

Balance at January 1, 2022		114.0	$	1.3	$	1,351.5	$	(313.9)	$	(216.3)	$	(364.8)
Net income		—	—		—		1.0		—		—
Balance at January 1, 2023
Balance at January 1, 2023
Balance at January 1, 2023
Net loss
Vesting of stock-based compensation	Vesting of stock-based compensation	0.7	—		—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation	—	—		4.5		—		—		—

Purchase of treasury stock
Purchase of treasury stock
Purchase of treasury stock	Purchase of treasury stock	(0.2)	—		—		—		(1.8)		—
Changes in cash flow hedges	Changes in cash flow hedges	—	—		—		—		—		15.7
Foreign currency translation adjustments	Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		—		6.0
Defined benefit plans, net	Defined benefit plans, net	—	—		—		—		—		1.3

Balance at March 31, 2022		114.5	$	1.3	$	1,356.0	$	(312.9)	$	(218.1)	$	(341.8)
Net income		—	—		—		22.9		—		—

Stock-based compensation		—	—		4.6		—		—		—
Purchase of treasury stock		—	—		—		—		(0.1)		—
Changes in cash flow hedges		—	—		—		—		—		(1.7)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—	—		—		—		—		(42.3)
Defined benefit plans, net		—	—		—		—		—		1.3

Balance at June 30, 2022		114.5	$	1.3	$	1,360.6	$	(290.0)	$	(218.2)	$	(384.5)
Balance at March 31, 2023
Balance at March 31, 2023
Balance at March 31, 2023


	Common Stock													Common Stock					Accumulated
	Shares												Shares	Par	Paid-in	Retained Earnings	Treasury	Other Comprehensive
	Outstanding												Outstanding	Value	Capital	(Accumulated Deficit)	Stock	Income (Loss)
	(in millions)																	(in millions)
		Common Stock									Accumulated
		Shares	Par		Paid-in		Retained Earnings		Treasury		Other Comprehensive
		Outstanding	Value		Capital		(Accumulated Deficit)		Stock		Income (Loss)
		(in millions)

Balance at January 1, 2023		114.6	$	1.3	$	1,369.2	$	(249.6)	$	(218.2)	$	(275.4)
Net loss		—	—		—		(5.1)		—		—
Balance at January 1, 2024
Balance at January 1, 2024
Balance at January 1, 2024
Net income
Vesting of stock-based compensation	Vesting of stock-based compensation	4.0	—		—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation	—	—		3.4		—		—		—

Purchase of treasury stock
Purchase of treasury stock
Purchase of treasury stock	Purchase of treasury stock	(1.6)	—		—		—		(14.5)		—
Changes in cash flow hedges	Changes in cash flow hedges	—	—		—		—		—		2.5
Foreign currency translation adjustments	Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		—		8.8
Defined benefit plans, net	Defined benefit plans, net	—	—		—		—		—		(0.7)

Balance at March 31, 2023		117.0	$	1.3	$	1,372.6	$	(254.7)	$	(232.7)	$	(264.8)
Net income		—	—		—		8.0		—		—
Vesting of restricted stock units		0.1	—		—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation		—	—		3.4		—		—		—
Purchase of treasury stock		—	—		—		—		(0.2)		—
Changes in cash flow hedges		—	—		—		—		—		17.3
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—	—		—		—		—		(4.7)
Defined benefit plans, net		—	—		—		—		—		(0.7)
Balance at June 30, 2023		117.1	$	1.3	$	1,376.0	$	(246.7)	$	(232.9)	$	(252.9)
Balance at March 31, 2024
Balance at March 31, 2024
Balance at March 31, 2024

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

~~JUNE 30, 2023~~MARCH 31, 2024

(Unaudited)

1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Organization As a leading global tier 1 automotive and mobility supplier, AAM designs, engineers and manufactures Driveline and Metal Forming technologies to support electric, hybrid, and internal combustion vehicles. Headquartered in Detroit with over 80 facilities in 18 countries, AAM is bringing the future faster for a safer and more sustainable tomorrow.

Basis of Presentation We have prepared the accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited but include all normal recurring adjustments, which we consider necessary for a fair presentation of the information set forth herein. Results of operations for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full fiscal year.

The balance sheet at December 31, ~~2022~~2023 presented herein has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for complete consolidated financial statements.

In order to prepare the accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in our interim condensed consolidated financial statements. These estimates and assumptions are impacted by risks and uncertainties, including those associated with the significant disruptions in the supply chain that continue to impact the automotive industry, including volatility in metal, commodity and utility costs, shortages of certain raw materials and components, including semiconductor chips, increased transportation costs, higher labor costs and labor shortages. While we have made estimates and assumptions based on the facts and circumstances available as of the date of this report, the full impact of these matters cannot be predicted, and actualActual results could differ materially from those ~~estimates and assumptions.~~estimates.

For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

Effect of New Accounting Standards and Other Regulatory Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Update 2023-07

On November 27, 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standard Update (ASU) 2023-07 - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). ASU 2023-07 enhances existing annual segment requirements to include disclosure of significant segment expenses and other segment items by reportable segment that are regularly used by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) to evaluate segment performance. This guidance also requires annual disclosure of the title and position of the CODM. ASU 2023-07 also expands interim segment disclosure requirements to include all existing annual segment disclosures in addition to the new disclosure requirements for significant segment expenses and other segment items. This guidance became effective at the beginning of our 2024 fiscal year for annual requirements, and will become effective at the beginning of our 2025 fiscal year for interim requirements, using a retrospective transition method. We adopted this guidance retrospectively on January 1, 2024 for the annual requirements and will adopt the interim requirements on January 1, 2025. We are currently assessing the impact that this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Update 2023-09

On December 14, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). ASU 2023-09 expands the existing disclosure requirements for the annual rate reconciliation between the effective tax rate and the statutory federal tax rate by requiring reconciliation items to be disaggregated by defined categories and disclosed as both percentages and amounts. ASU 2023-09 also requires the disaggregation of income taxes paid by jurisdiction for each annual period presented. This guidance becomes effective at the beginning of our 2025 fiscal year, and may be applied either retrospectively or prospectively. We expect to adopt this guidance on January 1, 2025 and are currently assessing the impact that this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

~~2. RESTRUCTURING AND ACQUISITION-RELATED COSTS~~

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Rule

In the first quarter of ~~2020, we initiated~~2024, the SEC adopted "The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors," a ~~global restructuring program (the 2020 Program). The primary objectives of the 2020 Program are to achieve efficiencies within our corporate~~rule that expands disclosure requirements, including climate-related risks and business unit support teams to reduce cost in our business, and to structurally adjust our operations to a new level of market demand based on the impact of COVID-19. We expect to complete restructuring actions under the 2020 Program in 2023.

In the second quarter of 2021, we completed the acquisition of a manufacturing facility in Emporium, Pennsylvania (Emporium), and subsequently determined that we will cease production at the facility and relocate the production capacity to other AAM manufacturing facilities. As a result, during the six months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred restructuring charges related to the closure of the facility and we expect to complete restructuring actions associated with the closure of the facility in 2023.

In 2022, we completed our acquisition of Tekfor Group (Tekfor) and initiated certain restructuring actions associated with the acquired entities in the first quarter of 2023. We expect to incur restructuring costs associated with the acquired entities through 2023.

~~A summary of our restructuring activity for the first six months of 2023 and 2022 is shown below:~~
Severance Charges Implementation Costs Total
(in millions)
Accrual at December 31, 2021 $ 0.7 $ 2.7 $ 3.4
Charges 1.3 10.3 11.6
Cash utilization (1.2) (10.6) (11.8)
Accrual at June 30, 2022 $ 0.8 $ 2.4 $ 3.2
Accrual at December 31, 2022 $ 2.4 $ 1.4 $ 3.8
Charges 1.4 9.3 10.7
Cash utilization (2.1) (7.4) (9.5)
Accrual at June 30, 2023 $ 1.7 $ 3.3 $ 5.0

As part of our restructuring actions, we incurred total severance charges of approximately $1.4 million and $1.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We also incurred total implementation costs of approximately $9.3 million and $10.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Implementation costs consist primarily of plant exit costs. We incurred $4.9 million of restructuring costs under the 2020 Program, $4.4 million of costs associated with the anticipated closure of Emporium, and $1.4 million of costs related to restructuring actions associated with Tekfor in the six months ended June 30, 2023. We have incurred $105.5 million of total restructuring costs under the 2020 Program since inception and have incurred $16.5 million of total costs related to the anticipated closure of Emporium. Substantially all of our total restructuring costs for the six months ended June 30, 2023 related to our Metal Forming segment. Approximately $1.0 million and $6.1 million of our total restructuring costs for the six months ended June 30, 2022 related to our Driveline and Metal Forming segments, respectively, while the remainder were corporate costs. We expect to incur approximately $10 million to $20 million of total restructuring charges in 2023 associated with the 2020 Program, our closure of Emporium and restructuring actions related to Tekfor.

~~The following table represents a summary of acquisition-related charges incurred primarily related to our acquisition of Tekfor,~~financial statement impacts, as well as ~~integration costs incurred for acquisitions:~~
Acquisition-Related Costs Integration Expenses Total
(in millions)
Charges for the six months ended June 30, 2023 $ — $ 2.0 $ 2.0
Charges for the six months ended June 30, 2022 5.7 1.2 6.9

~~Acquisition-related costs primarily consist~~disclosures related to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The annual disclosures related to climate-related risks and financial statement impacts are required beginning with our 2025 fiscal year and the disclosures related to GHG emissions are required beginning with our 2026 fiscal year. The GHG emissions disclosures are also subject to limited assurance requirements by 2029 and reasonable assurance requirements by 2033. We are currently assessing the impact that this rule will have on our consolidated financial statements. In April 2024, the SEC issued an order staying the rule pending legal review of advisory, legal, accounting, valuation and certain other professional or consulting fees incurred. Integration expenses primarily reflect costs incurred for information technology infrastructure and enterprise resource planning systems, and consulting fees incurred in conjunction with integration activities. Total restructuring charges and acquisition-related charges are presented on a separate line item titled Restructuring and acquisition-related costs in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and totaled $7.9 million and $9.6 million for the ~~three months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively, and $12.7 million and $18.5 million for~~petitions challenging the ~~six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively.~~rule. This order does not amend the compliance dates required by the rule.

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

3.2. INVENTORIES

We state our inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of our inventories is determined using the first-in first-out method. When we determine that our gross inventories exceed usage requirements, or if inventories become obsolete or otherwise not saleable, we record a provision for such loss as a component of our inventory accounts.

Inventories consist of the following:


		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		March 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
		(in millions)				(in millions)

Raw materials and work-in-progress	Raw materials and work-in-progress	$	423.5	$	398.9
Finished goods	Finished goods	88.0		92.5
Gross inventories	Gross inventories	511.5		491.4
Inventory valuation reserves	Inventory valuation reserves	(34.4)		(27.5)
Inventories, net	Inventories, net	$	477.1	$	463.9

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

4.3. GOODWILL AND ~~OTHER~~ INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in goodwill for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2023:~~March 31, 2024:

Consolidated

(in millions)

Balance at December 31, ~~2022~~2023

~~181.6~~182.1

Foreign currency translation

~~0.1~~(0.7)

Balance at ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024

~~181.7~~181.4

We conduct our annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of each year, as well as whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate a possible impairment. In performing this test, we utilize a third-party valuation specialist to assist management in determining the fair value of our reporting units. Fair value of each reporting unit is estimated based on a combination of discounted cash flows and the use of pricing multiples derived from an analysis of comparable public companies multiplied against historical and/or anticipated financial metrics of each reporting unit. These calculations contain uncertainties as they require management to make assumptions including, but not limited to, market comparables, future cash flows of the reporting units, and appropriate discount and long-term growth rates. This fair value determination is categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

At ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, accumulated goodwill impairment losses were $1,435.5 million. All remaining goodwill is attributable to our Driveline reporting unit.

Other Intangible Assets The following table provides a reconciliation of the gross carrying amount and associated accumulated amortization for AAM's other intangible assets, which are all subject to amortization:


		June 30,						December 31,
		2023						2022
		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
		(in millions)
	March 31,															March 31,				December 31,
	2024															2024				2023
	Gross Carrying Amount													Gross Carrying Amount	Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization	Net Carrying Amount
	(in millions)																		(in millions)
Capitalized computer software	Capitalized computer software	$	52.9	$	(46.2)	$	6.7	$	52.2	$	(43.2)	$	9.0
Customer platforms	Customer platforms	856.2		(396.4)		459.8		856.2		(364.7)		491.5
Customer relationships	Customer relationships	53.0		(21.4)		31.6		53.0		(19.7)		33.3
Technology and other	Technology and other	154.0		(77.9)		76.1		154.1		(71.7)		82.4
Total	Total	$	1,116.1	$	(541.9)	$	574.2	$	1,115.5	$	(499.3)	$	616.2

Amortization expense for our intangible assets was ~~$21.4~~$20.7 million for ~~both~~ the three months ended ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and ~~June 30, 2022, and was $42.8~~$21.4 million for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2023 and $42.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. Estimated amortization expense for the years ~~2023~~2024 through ~~2027~~2028 is expected to be in the range of approximately $80 million to $85 million per year.

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

5.4. LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt consists of the following:


		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		March 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
		(in millions)				(in millions)

Revolving Credit Facility	Revolving Credit Facility	$	—	$	25.0
Term Loan A Facility	Term Loan A Facility	500.5		520.0
Term Loan B Facility	Term Loan B Facility	664.9		675.0
6.875% Notes due 2028	6.875% Notes due 2028	400.0		400.0
6.50% Notes due 2027	6.50% Notes due 2027	500.0		500.0
6.25% Notes due 2026	6.25% Notes due 2026	180.0		180.0
5.00% Notes due 2029	5.00% Notes due 2029	600.0		600.0
Foreign credit facilities and other	Foreign credit facilities and other	73.3		72.7
Total debt	Total debt	2,918.7		2,972.7

Less: Current portion of long-term debt	Less: Current portion of long-term debt	16.3		75.9
Less: Current portion of long-term debt
Less: Current portion of long-term debt
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	2,902.4		2,896.8
Less: Debt issuance costs	Less: Debt issuance costs	48.5		51.7
Long-term debt, net	Long-term debt, net	$	2,853.9	$	2,845.1

Senior Secured Credit Facilities Our Senior Secured Credit Facilities are comprised of the Revolving Credit Facility, Term Loan A Facility and Term Loan B Facility. The Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility mature in the first quarter of 2027 and the Term Loan B Facility matures in the fourth quarter of 2029. At ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, we had ~~$891.2~~$892.3 million available under the Revolving Credit Facility. This availability reflects a reduction of ~~$33.8~~$32.7 million primarily for standby letters of credit issued against the facility. In the first quarter of 2023, we paid $25.0 million on our Revolving Credit Facility that had been drawn in the fourth quarter of 2022.

On June 28, 2023, Holdings and AAM, Inc. entered into the First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the First Amendment), which covers the period from June 28, 2023 through the filing of our second quarter 2024 results, or earlier at AAM's option, subject to certain conditions (the Amendment Period). The First Amendment, among other things, increased the maximum levels of the total net leverage ratio covenant and reduced the minimum levels of cash interest expense coverage ratio covenant during the Amendment Period, modified certain categories of the applicable margin (determined based on the total net leverage ratio of Holdings) for the duration of the Amendment Period with respect to interest rates under the Term Loan A Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility, and modified certain covenants restricting the ability of Holdings, AAM, Inc. and certain subsidiaries of Holdings to create, incur, assume, or permit to exist certain additional indebtedness and liens and to make or agree to pay or make certain restricted payments, voluntary payments and distributions. The terms of the Term Loan B Facility under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, including maturity dates, interest rates and their applicable margins, remain unchanged. We paid debt issuance costs of $3.1 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 related to the First Amendment.

As of ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, we have prepaid ~~$23.0~~$19.5 million of the outstanding principal on our Term Loan A Facility and $18.6 million of the outstanding principal on our Term Loan B Facility. These payments satisfy our obligation for principal payments under the Term Loan A Facility through the end of 2024 and under the Term Loan B Facility ~~for~~through the ~~next four quarters.~~

~~In March 2022, Holdings and AAM, Inc. entered into the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, among other things, increased the principal amount~~end of the Term Loan A Facility to $520.0 million, extended the maturity date of the Term Loan A Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility each to March 11, 2027, and established the use under the Term Loan A Facility and Revolving Credit Facility of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) and the minimum Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for Eurodollar-based loans denominated in U.S. Dollars and the Sterling Overnight Index Average (SONIA) and the minimum adjusted daily simple SONIA for loans denominated in Sterling. We expensed $0.2 million of debt refinancing costs, paid accrued interest of $1.0 million, and paid debt issuance costs of $4.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022 related to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

~~AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)~~

Also in the first six months of 2022, we made voluntary prepayments of $50.0 million on our Term Loan B Facility. As a result, we expensed approximately $0.4 million for the write-off of a portion of the unamortized debt issuance costs that we had been amortizing over the expected life of this borrowing.2026.

The Senior Secured Credit Facilities provide back-up liquidity for our foreign credit facilities. We intend to use the availability of long-term financing under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities to refinance any current maturities related to such debt agreements that are not otherwise refinanced on a long-term basis in their local markets, except where otherwise reclassified to Current portion of long-term debt on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Redemption of 6.25% Notes ~~due~~Due 2026In the first quarter of ~~2022,~~2024, we ~~used the proceeds from the upsized Term Loan A Facility to voluntarily redeem a portion~~completed an open market repurchase of our 6.25% Notes due ~~2026. This resulted in a principal payment~~2026 of $220.0 million and $0.2 million in accrued interest. We also expensed approximately $1.8 million for the write-off of a portion of the unamortized debt issuance costs that we had been amortizing over the expected life of the borrowing, and approximately $3.4 million for the payment of an early redemption premium.$1.7 million.

Repayment of Tekfor Group Indebtedness ~~Upon~~In the first quarter of 2024, we repaid $6.6 million of outstanding indebtedness that we assumed upon our acquisition of Tekfor in June ~~2022, we assumed $23.4 million of existing Tekfor indebtedness, of which we repaid $10.7 million in the second quarter of~~ 2022.

Foreign credit facilities and Other We utilize local currency credit facilities to finance the operations of certain foreign subsidiaries. At ~~June 30, 2023, $73.3~~March 31, 2024, $42.4 million was outstanding under our foreign credit facilities, as compared to ~~$72.7~~$51.8 million at December 31, ~~2022.~~2023. At ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, an additional ~~$72.8~~$83.4 million was available under our foreign credit facilities.

Weighted-Average Interest Rate The weighted-average interest rate of our long-term debt outstanding was ~~6.6%~~7.1% at both ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and December 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

1211

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

6.5. DERIVATIVES

Our business and financial results are affected by fluctuations in global financial markets, including ~~interest~~currency exchange rates and ~~currency exchange~~interest rates. Our hedging policy has been developed to manage these risks to an acceptable level based on management’s judgment of the appropriate trade-off between risk, opportunity and cost. We do not hold financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Currency derivative contracts From time to time, we use foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the effects of fluctuations in exchange rates relating to certain foreign currencies. As of ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we had currency forward contracts outstanding with a total notional amount of ~~$197.6~~$227.3 million and ~~$179.9~~$206.9 million, respectively, that hedge our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates for certain payroll expenses into the ~~first~~fourth quarter of 2026 and the purchase of certain direct and indirect inventory and other working capital items into the ~~first~~fourth quarter of 2024.

Fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swap In 2022, we entered into a fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swap to reduce the variability of functional currency equivalent cash flows associated with changes in exchange rates on certain Euro-based intercompany loans. We had notional amounts outstanding under fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swaps of €200.0 million at both ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, which were equivalent to ~~$218.0~~$215.8 million and ~~$213.9~~$220.7 million, respectively. The fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swap hedges our exposure to changes in exchange rates on the intercompany loans ~~into~~through the second quarter of 2024.

Variable-to-fixed interest rate swaps In ~~2022, and in the first quarter of~~ 2023, we entered into variable-to-fixed interest rate swaps to reduce the variability of cash flows associated with interest payments on our variable rate debt. As of ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, we have $700.0 million notional amount hedged in relation to our variable-to-fixed interest rate swaps into the third quarter of 2027, $200.0 million of which continues into the fourth quarter of 2029.

The following table summarizes the reclassification of pre-tax derivative gains and losses into net income (loss) from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for those derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 815 - Derivatives and Hedging:




		Location	Gain (Loss) Reclassified During								Total of Financial		Gain Expected		Location			Gain (Loss) Reclassified During					Total of Financial		Gain Expected
		of Gain (Loss)	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended				Statement		to be Reclassified			of Gain (Loss)	Three Months Ended			Statement		to be Reclassified
		Reclassified into	June 30,				June 30,				Line Item		During the			Reclassified into	March 31,			Line Item		During the
		Net Income	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		Next 12 Months			Net Income			2024		2023			2024		Next 12 Months
			(in millions)																(in millions)

Currency forward contracts	Currency forward contracts	Cost of Goods Sold	$	5.5	$	1.9	$	8.8	$	3.1	$	2,725.8	$	17.3
Currency forward contracts
Currency forward contracts
Fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swap	Fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swap	Other Income (Expense), net	(1.3)		11.9		(4.0)		17.9		3.2		0.3
Variable-to-fixed interest rate swap	Variable-to-fixed interest rate swap	Interest Expense	0.2		(0.5)		0.8		(3.4)		(100.7)		4.5

See Note 127 - Reclassifications ~~Out~~out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (AOCI) for amounts recognized in other comprehensive income during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and ~~2022.~~2023.

The following table summarizes the amount and location of gains and losses recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~Income~~Operations for those derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815:

Location Gain Recognized During Total of Financial
of Gain Three Months Ended Six Months Ended Statement
Recognized in June 30, June 30, Line Item
Net Income 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023
(in millions)
Currency forward contracts Other Income (Expense), net $ 1.6 $ 0.1 $ 3.7 $ 1.1 $ 3.2


	Location		Gain Recognized During				Total of Financial
	of Gain	Three Months Ended			Statement
	Recognized in	March 31,			Line Item
	Net Income		2024		2023		2024
			(in millions)


Currency forward contracts	Other Income (Expense), net		$	1.1	$	2.1	$	—

1312

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

7.6. FAIR VALUE

ASC 820 - Fair Value Measurement defines fair value as “the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.” The definition is based on an exit price rather than an entry price, regardless of whether the entity plans to hold or sell the asset. This guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy to prioritize inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

•Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

•Level 2: Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop

its own assumptions.

Financial instruments The estimated carrying value of our financial assets and liabilities that are recognized at fair value on a recurring basis, using available market information and other observable data, are as follows:

Fair Value

June 30, 2023

December 31, 2022

Input

March 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

Input

(in millions)

Balance Sheet Classification

Cash equivalents

324.1

363.6

Level 1

Cash equivalents

222.2

328.3

Level 1

Prepaid expenses and other

Cash flow hedges - currency forward contracts

17.3

8.2

Level 2

Cash flow hedges - currency forward contracts

17.0

15.9

Level 2

Cash flow hedges - variable-to-fixed interest rate swap

4.5

2.4

Level 2

Nondesignated - currency forward contracts

1.4

0.5

Level 2

1.0

0.8

Level 2

Other assets and deferred charges

Cash flow hedges - currency forward contracts

7.6

3.0

Level 2

Cash flow hedges - currency forward contracts

6.0

5.4

Level 2

Cash flow hedges - variable-to-fixed interest rate swap

15.1

8.5

Level 2

Investment in equity securities

1.9

Level 1

0.9

0.8

Level 1

Accrued expenses and other

Cash flow hedges - fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swap

6.5

—

Level 2

Cash flow hedges - fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swap

4.5

9.4

Level 2

Cash flow hedges - variable-to-fixed interest rate swap

2.0

5.0

Level 2

Postretirement benefits and other long-term liabilities

Cash flow hedges - fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swap

—

1.5

Level 2

Cash flow hedges - variable-to-fixed interest rate swap

5.9

16.5

Level 2

The carrying values of our cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The carrying values of our borrowings under the foreign credit facilities approximate their fair value due to the frequent resetting of the interest rates.

We have an investment in the equity securities of REE Automotive, ~~an e-mobility company. These equity securities~~which are measured at fair value each reporting period with changes in fair value reported through an unrealized holding gain or loss within Other income (expense), net in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of ~~Income.~~Operations. As of ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, our investment in REE shares was valued at ~~$1.9~~$0.9 million based on a closing price on that date of ~~$0.38~~$5.84 per share.

1413

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

We estimated the fair value of the amounts outstanding on our debt using available market information and other observable data, to be as follows:


		June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022								March 31, 2024										December 31, 2023
		Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Input				Carrying Amount					Fair Value								Carrying Amount						Fair Value						Input
		(in millions)												(in millions)

Revolving Credit Facility
Revolving Credit Facility
Revolving Credit Facility	Revolving Credit Facility	$	—	$	—	$	25.0	$	25.0	Level 2		$	—		$		$	—			$				$	—		$			$	—			Level 2				Level 2
Term Loan A Facility	Term Loan A Facility	500.5		489.9		520.0		510.3		Level 2	Term Loan A Facility			484.3		482.4				482.4			484.3					484.3		483.6						483.6		Level 2			Level 2
Term Loan B Facility	Term Loan B Facility	664.9		662.4		675.0		658.1		Level 2	Term Loan B Facility			648.0		648.8				648.8			648.0					648.0		649.6						649.6		Level 2			Level 2

6.875% Notes due 2028	6.875% Notes due 2028	400.0		370.0		400.0		355.4		Level 2

6.875% Notes due 2028

6.875% Notes due 2028														400.0					396.0								400.0						387.0						Level 2

6.50% Notes due 2027
6.50% Notes due 2027
6.50% Notes due 2027	6.50% Notes due 2027	500.0		471.3		500.0		452.5		Level 2		500.0			495.0			495.0				500.0					500.0		501.9					501.9			Level 2			Level 2
6.25% Notes due 2026	6.25% Notes due 2026	180.0		174.2		180.0		165.7		Level 2	6.25% Notes due 2026			125.9		124.6				124.6			127.6					127.6		126.3						126.3		Level 2			Level 2

5.00% Notes due 2029	5.00% Notes due 2029	600.0		499.5		600.0		474.9		Level 2
5.00% Notes due 2029
5.00% Notes due 2029														600.0					538.5								600.0						529.5						Level 2

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

7. RECLASSIFICATIONS OUT OF ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (AOCI)

Reclassification adjustments and other activity impacting accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 are as follows (in millions):


	Defined Benefit Plans			Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Unrecognized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges			Total
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	(145.3)		$	(142.3)	$	24.7		$	(262.9)

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	—			(15.3)		23.8			8.5

Income tax effect of other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	—			—		(5.0)			(5.0)

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(0.9)		(a)	—		(10.0)		(b)	(10.9)

Income taxes reclassified into net income (loss)	0.3			—		2.0			2.3

Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(0.6)			(15.3)		10.8			(5.1)

Balance at March 31, 2024	$	(145.9)		$	(157.6)	$	35.5		$	(268.0)


	Defined Benefit Plans			Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Unrecognized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges			Total
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	(146.9)		$	(149.7)	$	21.2		$	(275.4)

Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	—			8.8		1.9			10.7

Income tax effect of other comprehensive income before reclassifications	—			—		2.2			2.2

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1.2)		(a)	—		(1.2)		(b)	(2.4)

Income taxes reclassified into net income (loss)	0.5			—		(0.4)			0.1

Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(0.7)			8.8		2.5			10.6

Balance at March 31, 2023	$	(147.6)		$	(140.9)	$	23.7		$	(264.8)


(a)			These amounts were reclassified from AOCI to Other income (expense), net for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023.

(b)			The amounts reclassified from AOCI included $(4.7) million in cost of goods sold (COGS), $(0.3) million in interest expense and $(5.0) million in Other income (expense), net for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and $(3.3) million in COGS, $(0.6) million in interest expense and $2.7 million in Other income (expense), net for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

8. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) are as follows:




		Pension Benefits									Pension Benefits
		Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended				Three Months Ended
		June 30,				June 30,				March 31,
		2023		2022		2023		2022				2024	2023
		(in millions)										(in millions)

Service cost	Service cost	$	0.2	$	0.4	$	0.5	$	0.9
Service cost
Service cost
Interest cost	Interest cost	6.1		4.2		12.1		8.4
Expected asset return	Expected asset return	(7.3)		(7.8)		(14.5)		(15.8)
Amortized loss	Amortized loss	1.1		1.9		2.1		3.8

Net periodic benefit cost (credit)		$	0.1	$	(1.3)	$	0.2	$	(2.7)
Net periodic benefit cost

Net periodic benefit cost

Net periodic benefit cost



		Other Postretirement Benefits									Other Postretirement Benefits
		Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended				Three Months Ended
		June 30,				June 30,				March 31,
		2023		2022		2023		2022				2024	2023
		(in millions)										(in millions)

Service cost	Service cost	$	0.1	$	—	$	0.1	$	0.1
Service cost
Service cost
Interest cost	Interest cost	2.5		2.1		5.0		4.2
Amortized loss (gain)		(2.1)		0.1		(4.2)		0.2
Amortized gain
Amortized prior service credit	Amortized prior service credit	(0.1)		(0.2)		(0.2)		(0.4)

Net periodic benefit cost		$	0.4	$	2.0	$	0.7	$	4.1
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)

Net periodic benefit cost (credit)

Net periodic benefit cost (credit)

The noncurrent liabilities associated with our pension and other postretirement benefit plans are classified as Postretirement benefits and other long-term liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we have a noncurrent pension liability of ~~$69.6~~$72.7 million and ~~$73.5~~$74.7 million, respectively. As of ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we have a noncurrent other postretirement benefits liability of ~~$302.0~~$268.4 million and ~~$304.8~~$268.9 million, respectively.

Due to the availability of our pre-funded pension balances (previous contributions in excess of prior required pension contributions), we expect our regulatory pension funding requirements in ~~2023~~2024 to be less than $1.0 million. We expect our cash payments for other postretirement benefit obligations in ~~2023,~~2024, net of GM cost sharing, to be approximately ~~$14.6~~$11.0 million.

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

9. PRODUCT WARRANTIES

We record a liability for estimated warranty obligations at the dates our products are sold. These estimates are established using sales volumes and internal and external warranty data where there is no payment history and historical information about the average cost of warranty claims for customers with prior claims. We estimate our costs based on the contractual arrangements with our customers, existing customer warranty terms and internal and external warranty data, which includes a determination of our warranty claims and actions taken to improve product quality and minimize warranty claims. We continuously evaluate these estimates and our customers' administration of their warranty programs. We monitor actual warranty claim data and adjust the liability, as necessary, on a quarterly basis.

The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in the product warranty liability:




		Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended				Three Months Ended
		June 30,				June 30,					March 31,
		2023		2022		2023		2022				2024	2023
		(in millions)										(in millions)

Beginning balance	Beginning balance	$	61.4	$	60.4	$	54.1	$	59.5
Beginning balance
Beginning balance
Accruals	Accruals	3.6		3.9		12.3		7.9
Payments	Payments	(2.5)		(1.0)		(4.3)		(4.1)
Adjustment to prior period accruals		(0.4)		(0.6)		(0.4)		(0.6)

Foreign currency translation
Foreign currency translation
Foreign currency translation	Foreign currency translation	(0.4)		(0.8)		—		(0.8)
Ending balance	Ending balance	$	61.7	$	61.9	$	61.7	$	61.9

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

10. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

Net sales recognized from contracts with customers, disaggregated by segment and geographical location, are presented in the following table for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Net sales are attributed to regions based on the location of production. Intersegment sales have been excluded from the table.


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	(in millions)

















	Driveline		Metal Forming		Total
North America	$	828.0	$	345.9	$	1,173.9
Asia	142.7		8.0		150.7
Europe	121.5		124.3		245.8
South America	14.2		22.3		36.5
Total	$	1,106.4	$	500.5	$	1,606.9

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Driveline		Metal Forming		Total
North America	$	783.0	$	328.5	$	1,111.5
Asia	105.8		6.7		112.5
Europe	99.8		122.9		222.7
South America	25.2		22.0		47.2
Total	$	1,013.8	$	480.1	$	1,493.9

Contract Assets and Liabilities

The following table summarizes our beginning and ending balances for accounts receivable and contract liabilities associated with our contracts with customers (in millions):



	Accounts Receivable, Net		Contract Liabilities (Current)		Contract Liabilities (Long-term)
December 31, 2023	$	818.5	$	16.6	$	70.4
March 31, 2024	960.5		15.0		69.9
Increase/(decrease)	$	142.0	$	(1.6)	$	(0.5)

Contract liabilities relate to deferred revenue associated with various settlements and commercial agreements for which we have a future performance obligation to the customer. We recognize this deferred revenue into revenue over the life of the associated program as we satisfy our performance obligations to the customer. We do not have contract assets as defined in ASC 606. We amortized previously recorded contract liabilities into revenue as we satisfied performance obligations with our customers of approximately $4.0 million and $7.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

11. RESTRUCTURING AND ACQUISITION-RELATED COSTS

In 2022, we completed our acquisition of Tekfor Group (Tekfor) and in 2023 initiated certain restructuring actions associated with the acquired entities. We expect to incur restructuring costs associated with the acquired entities throughout 2024.

In the first quarter of 2024, we initiated a global restructuring program (the 2024 Program) focused on optimizing our cost structure. We expect to incur costs under the 2024 Program into 2026.

A summary of our restructuring activity for the first three months of 2024 and 2023 is shown below:


	Severance Charges		Implementation Costs		Total
	(in millions)
Accrual at December 31, 2022	$	2.4	$	1.4	$	3.8
Charges	0.3		3.7		4.0
Cash utilization	(0.7)		(2.5)		(3.2)


Accrual at March 31, 2023	$	2.0	$	2.6	$	4.6

Accrual at December 31, 2023	$	3.0	$	1.7	$	4.7
Charges	0.2		1.2		1.4
Cash utilization	(1.6)		(1.1)		(2.7)


Accrual at March 31, 2024	$	1.6	$	1.8	$	3.4

As part of our restructuring actions, we incurred total severance charges of approximately $0.2 million and $0.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We also incurred total implementation costs of approximately $1.2 million and $3.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Implementation costs consist primarily of plant exit costs. We incurred $0.2 million of costs related to restructuring actions associated with Tekfor and $1.2 million of costs under the 2024 Program in the three months ended March 31, 2024. We have incurred $2.3 million of total restructuring costs related to restructuring actions associated with Tekfor. Approximately $1.1 million of our total restructuring costs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 related to our Metal Forming segment, while the remainder were corporate costs. Substantially all of our total restructuring costs for the three months ended March 31, 2023 related to our Metal Forming segment. We expect to incur approximately $10 million to $20 million of total restructuring charges in 2024 associated with Tekfor and the 2024 Program.

The following table represents a summary of integration charges incurred primarily related to our acquisition of Tekfor:


	Integration Expenses
	(in millions)
Charges for the three months ended March 31, 2024	$	1.1
Charges for the three months ended March 31, 2023	0.8

Integration expenses primarily reflect costs incurred for information technology infrastructure and enterprise resource planning systems, and consulting fees incurred in conjunction with integration activities. Total restructuring charges and acquisition-related charges are presented on a separate line item titled Restructuring and acquisition-related costs in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and totaled $2.5 million and $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

12. INCOME TAXES

We adjust our effective tax rate each quarter based on our estimated annual effective tax rate. We also record the tax impact of certain discrete, unusual or infrequently occurring items, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and the effects of changes in tax laws or rates on deferred tax balances, in the interim period in which they occur. In addition, jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year or a year-to-date loss where no tax benefit can be recognized are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate. The impact of such an exclusion could result in a higher or lower effective tax rate during a particular quarter, based upon the mix and timing of actual earnings versus annual projections.

Our income tax expense and effective income tax rate for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2024 and 2023 ~~and 2022~~ are as follows:


		Three Months Ended								Six Months Ended
		June 30,								June 30,
		2023				2022				2023			2022				Three Months Ended
					March 31,															March 31,
									2024														2024	2023
		(in millions)																(in millions)

Income tax expense	Income tax expense	$	5.3			$	0.6			$	5.3		$	3.6
Income tax expense
Income tax expense
Effective income tax rate	Effective income tax rate	39.8		%		2.6		%		64.6		%	13.1		%	Effective income tax rate		43.7	%		—	%

During the three months ended ~~June 30, 2023, we recognized an income tax benefit of approximately $3.2 million related to the release of a valuation allowance in a foreign jurisdiction. For the three~~March 31, 2024 and ~~six months ended June 30,~~ 2023, in computing our estimated annual effective tax rate, we recorded a full valuation allowance against the deferred tax asset on the current year estimated disallowed interest expense in the U.S. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded a valuation allowance against a portion of the deferred tax asset on prior year disallowed interest expense in the U.S. and reduced our liability for unrecognized income tax benefits and related interest and penalties as a result of a change in estimate on previously recorded unrecognized tax benefits in certain jurisdictions, resulting in net tax expense of $3.4 million during the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023.

Our effective income tax ~~rates~~rate for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2023 vary~~March 31, 2024 varies from our effective income tax ~~rates~~rate for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 primarily as a result of the mix of earnings on a jurisdictional basis and the impact of the discrete items noted above, the $11.6 million gain on bargain purchase of business that was recognized in both the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, which was not subject to income tax, and the mix of earnings on a jurisdictional basis.above.

For the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, our effective income tax ~~rates vary~~rate varies from the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to the unfavorable impact related to the disallowed interest expense deductions in the U.S. and tax expense related to global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI), net of the favorable impact of ~~the reduction in unrecognized tax benefits, as well as favorable~~certain foreign tax rates and the impact of tax credits. For the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, our effective income tax ~~rates vary~~rate varies from the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to the ~~gain on bargain purchase~~unfavorable impact related to the disallowed interest expense deductions in the U.S. and tax expense related to GILTI, net of ~~business that was recognized, a benefit from foreign derived intangible income deductions,~~ the ~~change~~impact of the reduction in ~~jurisdictional mix of earnings,~~unrecognized tax benefits, favorable foreign tax rates and the impact of tax credits.

In accordance with the guidance in ASC 740 - Income Taxes, we review the likelihood that we will realize the benefit of deferred tax assets and estimate whether recoverability of our deferred tax assets is "more likely than not" based on the available evidence. Due to the uncertainty associated with the extent and ultimate impact of the significant supply chain constraints affecting the automotive industry, including volatility in metal and commodity costs, higher utility costs, increased transportation costs, higher labor costs and labor shortages,If we ~~may~~ experience lower than projected earnings in certain jurisdictions in future periods, ~~and as a result,~~ it is reasonably possible that changes in valuation allowances could be recognized ~~in future periods~~ and such changes could be material to our financial statements.

1820

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Other Income Tax Matters

During their examination of our 2015 U.S. federal income tax return, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) asserted that income earned by a Luxembourg subsidiary from its Mexican branch operations should be categorized as foreign base company sales income (FBCSI) under Section 954(d) of the Internal Revenue Code and recognized currently as taxable income on our 2015 U.S. federal income tax return. As a result of this assertion, the IRS issued a Notice of Proposed Adjustment (NOPA). AAM disagreed with the NOPA, believes that the proposed adjustment is without merit and contested the matter through the IRS's administrative appeals process. No resolution was reached in the appeals process and, in September 2022, the IRS issued a Notice of Deficiency. The IRS subsequently issued a Notice of Tax Due in December 2022 and AAM paid the assessed tax and interest of $10.1 million in January 2023. We ~~have~~ filed a claim for refund for the amount of tax and interest paid related to this matter for the 2015 tax year and, ~~if necessary, will file~~in December 2023, we filed suit in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims.

We believe, after consultation with tax and legal counsel, that it is more likely than not that our structure did not give rise to FBCSI, and it's likely that we will be successful in ultimately defending our position. As such, we have not recorded any impact of the IRS’s proposed adjustment in our condensed consolidated financial statements as of, and for the three ~~and six~~ months ended, ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, with the exception of the cash payment and associated income tax receivable of $10.1 million paid by AAM to the IRS in ~~the first quarter of~~ 2023. As of ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, in the event AAM is not successful in defending its position, the potential additional income tax expense, including estimated interest charges, related to tax years 2015 through ~~2022,~~2023, is estimated to be in the range of approximately ~~$285~~$300 million to ~~$335~~$350 million.

In a matter of related interest, in May 2020, the U.S Tax Court ruled against another U.S. corporation, finding that the income it earned through a Mexican branch of its Luxembourg subsidiary corporation was FBCSI. In that situation, the taxpayer appealed the U.S. Tax Court decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. In December 2021, the U.S. Court of Appeals affirmed, in a split decision, the Tax Court decision in favor of the IRS. In January 2022, the taxpayer in the above referenced matter filed a petition for rehearing and this petition was denied. Finally, in June 2022, the taxpayer filed a petition with the U.S. Supreme Court to review the judgment of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit and in November 2022 that petition was also denied. Notwithstanding the decisions rendered in that case, and because our position is based upon different facts and circumstances, including but not limited to, differences in structure, and different income tax regulations in effect for our tax years under examination, we continue to believe, after consultation with tax and legal counsel that it is more likely than not that our structure does not give rise to FBCSI.

Negative or unexpected outcomes of tax examinations and audits, and any related litigation, could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. We will continue to monitor the progress and conclusions of all ongoing audits and other communications with tax authorities and will adjust our estimated liability as necessary. As of ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we have recorded a liability for unrecognized income tax benefits and related interest and penalties of ~~$29.6~~$30.4 million and ~~$40.5~~$38.1 million, respectively.

1921

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

~~11.~~13. EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE (EPS)

We present EPS using the two-class method. This method allocates undistributed earnings between common shares and non-vested share-based payment awards that entitle the holder to non-forfeitable dividend rights. Our participating securities are our non-vested restricted stock units.

The following table sets forth the computation of our basic and diluted EPS available to shareholders of common stock (excluding participating securities):




		Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended				Three Months Ended
		June 30,				June 30,					March 31,
		2023		2022		2023		2022				2024	2023
		(in millions, except per share data)										(in millions, except per share data)
Numerator	Numerator
Net income		$	8.0	$	22.9	$	2.9	$	23.9
Net income (loss)
Net income (loss)
Net income (loss)
Less: Net income attributable to participating securities	Less: Net income attributable to participating securities	(0.1)		(1.0)		(0.1)		(1.0)

Net income attributable to common shareholders - Basic and Dilutive		$	7.9	$	21.9	$	2.8	$	22.9
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders - Basic and Dilutive

Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders - Basic and Dilutive

Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders - Basic and Dilutive

Denominators	Denominators
Denominators
Denominators
Basic common shares outstanding -	Basic common shares outstanding -
Basic common shares outstanding -
Basic common shares outstanding -
Weighted-average shares outstanding
Weighted-average shares outstanding
Weighted-average shares outstanding	Weighted-average shares outstanding	120.4		119.5		120.1		119.2
Less: Weighted-average participating securities	Less: Weighted-average participating securities	(3.4)		(5.0)		(4.0)		(4.8)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	Weighted-average common shares outstanding	117.0		114.5		116.1		114.4

Effect of dilutive securities -	Effect of dilutive securities -
Effect of dilutive securities -
Effect of dilutive securities -
Dilutive stock-based compensation
Dilutive stock-based compensation
Dilutive stock-based compensation	Dilutive stock-based compensation	0.2		0.8		0.2		0.6

Diluted shares outstanding -	Diluted shares outstanding -
Diluted shares outstanding -
Diluted shares outstanding -
Adjusted weighted-average shares after assumed conversions
Adjusted weighted-average shares after assumed conversions
Adjusted weighted-average shares after assumed conversions	Adjusted weighted-average shares after assumed conversions	117.2		115.3		116.3		115.0

Basic EPS	Basic EPS	$	0.07	$	0.19	$	0.02	$	0.20
Basic EPS
Basic EPS

Diluted EPS	Diluted EPS	$	0.07	$	0.19	$	0.02	$	0.20
Diluted EPS
Diluted EPS

~~AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)~~

~~12. RECLASSIFICATIONS OUT OF ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (AOCI)~~

~~Reclassification adjustments~~Basic and ~~other activity impacting accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) during~~dilutive loss per share are the ~~six~~same for the three months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 ~~and June 30, 2022 are as follows~~ ~~(in millions)~~:

Defined Benefit Plans Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Unrecognized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges Total
Balance at March 31, 2023 $ (147.6) $ (140.9) $ 23.7 $ (264.8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — (4.7) 25.2 20.5
Income tax effect of other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — — (3.2) (3.2)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (1.1) (a) — (4.4) (b) (5.5)
Income taxes reclassified into net income 0.4 — (0.3) 0.1
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (0.7) (4.7) 17.3 11.9
Balance at June 30, 2023 $ (148.3) $ (145.6) $ 41.0 $ (252.9)

Defined Benefit Plans Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Unrecognized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges Total
Balance at March 31, 2022 $ (240.6) $ (105.3) $ 4.1 $ (341.8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — (42.3) 11.4 (30.9)
Income tax effect of other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — — (2.2) (2.2)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 1.8 (a) — (13.3) (b) (11.5)
Income taxes reclassified into net income (0.5) — 2.4 1.9
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 1.3 (42.3) (1.7) (42.7)
Balance at June 30, 2022 $ (239.3) $ (147.6) $ 2.4 $ (384.5)


~~(a)~~			~~These amounts were reclassified from AOCI to Other income (expense), net for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022.~~

~~(b)~~			The amounts reclassified from AOCI included $(5.5) million in cost of goods sold (COGS), $(0.2) million in interest expense and $1.3 million in Other income (expense), net for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and $(1.9) million in COGS, $0.5 million in interest expense and $(11.9) million in Other income (expense), net for the three months ended June 30, 2022.

~~AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)~~

Defined Benefit Plans Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Unrecognized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges Total
Balance at December 31, 2022 $ (146.9) $ (149.7) $ 21.2 $ (275.4)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications — 4.1 27.1 31.2
Income tax effect of other comprehensive income before reclassifications — — (1.0) (1.0)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (2.3) (a) — (5.6) (b) (7.9)
Income taxes reclassified into net income 0.9 — (0.7) 0.2
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (1.4) 4.1 19.8 22.5
Balance at June 30, 2023 $ (148.3) $ (145.6) $ 41.0 $ (252.9)

Defined Benefit Plans Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Unrecognized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges Total
Balance at December 31, 2021 $ (241.9) $ (111.3) $ (11.6) $ (364.8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — (36.3) 34.3 (2.0)
Income tax effect of other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — — (5.7) (5.7)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 3.6 (a) — (17.6) (b) (14.0)
Income taxes reclassified into net income (1.0) — 3.0 2.0
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 2.6 (36.3) 14.0 (19.7)
Balance at June 30, 2022 $ (239.3) $ (147.6) $ 2.4 $ (384.5)


~~(a)~~			~~These amounts were reclassified from AOCI to Other income (expense), net for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022.~~

~~(b)~~			The amounts reclassified from AOCI included $(8.8) million in cost of goods sold (COGS), $(0.8) million in interest expense and $4.0 million in Other income (expense), net for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and $(3.1) million in COGS, $3.4 million in interest expense and $(17.9) million in Other income (expense), net for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

because the effect of potentially dilutive stock-based compensation would have been antidilutive. Excluded potentially dilutive shares were 0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

~~13. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS~~

Net sales recognized from contracts with customers, disaggregated by segment and geographical location, are presented in the following table for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Net sales are attributed to regions based on the location of production. Intersegment sales have been excluded from the table.

In the first quarter of 2023, we moved a plant location that was previously reported under our Driveline segment to our Metal Forming segment in order to better align our product and process technologies. The amounts in the table below for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 have been recast to reflect this reorganization.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Driveline Metal Forming Total
North America $ 827.1 $ 332.6 $ 1,159.7
Asia 118.5 10.5 129.0
Europe 111.4 119.2 230.6
South America 29.4 22.0 51.4
Total $ 1,086.4 $ 484.3 $ 1,570.7
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Driveline Metal Forming Total
North America $ 808.9 $ 319.1 $ 1,128.0
Asia 93.1 8.4 101.5
Europe 100.6 77.9 178.5
South America 22.1 8.2 30.3
Total $ 1,024.7 $ 413.6 $ 1,438.3
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Driveline Metal Forming Total
North America $ 1,610.1 $ 661.1 $ 2,271.2
Asia 224.3 17.2 241.5
Europe 211.2 242.1 453.3
South America 54.6 44.0 98.6
Total $ 2,100.2 $ 964.4 $ 3,064.6
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Driveline Metal Forming Total
North America $ 1,617.5 $ 637.7 $ 2,255.2
Asia 210.1 18.9 229.0
Europe 206.4 137.1 343.5
South America 36.1 10.7 46.8
Total $ 2,070.1 $ 804.4 $ 2,874.5

~~AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)~~

~~Contract Assets and Liabilities~~

~~The following table summarizes our beginning and ending balances for accounts receivable and contract liabilities associated with our contracts with customers~~ ~~(in millions)~~:

Accounts Receivable, Net Contract Liabilities (Current) Contract Liabilities (Long-term)
December 31, 2022 $ 820.2 $ 28.1 $ 73.4
June 30, 2023 921.1 15.9 69.3
Increase/(decrease) $ 100.9 $ (12.2) $ (4.1)

Contract liabilities relate to deferred revenue associated with various settlements and commercial agreements for which we have a future performance obligation to the customer. We recognize this deferred revenue into revenue over the life of the associated program as we satisfy our performance obligations to the customer. We do not have contract assets as defined in ASC 606. We amortized previously recorded contract liabilities into revenue as we satisfied performance obligations with our customers of approximately $21.5 million and $15.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

~~AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)~~

14. ~~ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS~~

~~Acquisition of Tekfor Group~~

On June 1, 2022, our acquisition of Tekfor Group became effective and we paid a total purchase price of $94.4 million, which was funded entirely with cash on hand. Tekfor Group manufactures high-performance components, modules and fasteners, including traditional powertrain and driveline components (for both internal combustion and hybrid applications), and e-mobility components. Our acquisition of Tekfor contributes to diversifying our geographic and customer sales mix, while also increasing our electrification product portfolio.

~~The acquisition of Tekfor Group was accounted for under the acquisition method under ASC 805 -~~ ~~Business Combinations~~ ~~with the purchase price allocated to the identifiable assets and liabilities of the acquired company based on the respective fair values of the assets and liabilities.~~

~~The following represents the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed resulting from the acquisition~~ ~~(in millions)~~:


~~Total consideration transferred~~	$	~~94.4~~

~~Cash and cash equivalents~~	$	~~14.3~~
~~Accounts receivable~~	~~33.7~~
~~Inventories~~	~~46.3~~
~~Prepaid expenses and other long-term assets~~	~~30.1~~
~~Deferred income tax assets~~	~~5.0~~
~~Property, plant and equipment~~	~~105.5~~
~~Total assets acquired~~	$	~~234.9~~
~~Accounts payable~~	~~33.5~~
~~Accrued expenses and other~~	~~28.1~~
~~Debt~~	~~23.4~~
~~Postretirement benefits and other long-term liabilities~~	~~41.9~~
~~Net assets acquired~~	$	~~108.0~~

~~Gain on bargain purchase of business~~	$	~~13.6~~

The gain on bargain purchase of business was primarily the result of macroeconomic factors such as the supply chain disruptions impacting the automotive industry, including the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the semiconductor supply shortage, and increasing input costs, including materials, freight and utilities.

We finalized the valuation of the assets and liabilities of Tekfor in the first quarter of 2023 as we concluded the customary post-closing reviews associated with the acquisition. There were no adjustments to the purchase price allocation in the three or six months ended June 30, 2023.

Included in net sales and net income for the period from January 1, 2023 through June 30, 2023 was approximately $199 million and a loss of approximately $8 million, respectively, attributable to Tekfor. Included in net sales and net income for the period from the acquisition effective date on June 1, 2022 through June 30, 2022 was approximately $29 million and $7 million, respectively, attributable to Tekfor. The net income amount for the second quarter 2022 includes the gain on bargain purchase of business of $11.6 million, which was prior to subsequent measurement period adjustments resulting in the final gain on bargain purchase of business of $13.6 million, as well as a one-time expense of $5.0 million for the step-up of inventory to fair value.

~~AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)~~

~~Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information~~

Unaudited pro forma net sales for AAM, on a combined basis with Tekfor for the six months ended June 30, 2022 were $3.0 billion, excluding Tekfor sales to AAM during the period. Unaudited pro forma net income for the six months ended June 30, 2022 was approximately $20.0 million. Unaudited pro forma earnings per share for the six months ended June 30, 2022 was $0.17 per share.

The unaudited pro forma net income amount for the six months ended June 30, 2022 has been adjusted by approximately $4 million, net of tax, related to the step-up of inventory to fair value as a result of the acquisition, approximately $5 million, net of tax, for acquisition-related costs, and approximately $12 million for the gain on bargain purchase of business recognized, which was not subject to tax. This resulted in a net adjustment to pro forma net income of approximately $3 million for the first six months of 2022 as we are required to disclose the unaudited pro forma amounts as if the acquisition of Tekfor had been completed on January 1, 2021.

The disclosure of unaudited pro forma net sales and earnings is for informational purposes only and does not purport to indicate the results that would actually have been obtained had the merger been completed on the assumed date for the periods presented, or which may be realized in the future.

~~AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)~~

15. ~~MANUFACTURING FACILITY FIRE AND INSURANCE RECOVERY~~

In the third quarter of 2020, a significant industrial fire occurred at our Malvern Manufacturing Facility in Ohio (Malvern Fire). All associates were evacuated safely and without injury and we were able to maintain continuity of supply to our customers without any significant disruptions. In the fourth quarter of 2022, we finalized the claim with our insurance providers. In January 2023, we collected the final $24.0 million associated with this claim, of which $7.0 million has been presented as an operating cash inflow and $17.0 million has been presented as an investing cash inflow in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the first six months of 2023. There was no impact on our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income for the six months ended June 30, 2023 associated with the Malvern Fire.

Our insurance policies covered the repair, replacement or actual cash value of the assets that incurred loss or damage, less our applicable deductible of $1.0 million. In addition, our insurance policies provided coverage for interruption to our business, including lost or reduced profits and reimbursement for certain expenses and costs that were incurred related to the fire. In the six months ended June 30, 2022, we recorded $1.4 million of charges primarily related to transportation and freight and other costs incurred to resume or relocate operations and ensure continuity of supply to our customers. We also recorded an estimated insurance recovery of $6.8 million and received reimbursements and advances under our insurance policies of approximately $11.7 million, of which approximately $7.1 million was presented as an operating cash flow and $4.6 million was presented as an investing cash flow in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. This resulted in net pre-tax income in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income of approximately $5.4 million in Cost of goods sold for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

~~AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)~~

~~16.~~ SEGMENT REPORTING

Our business is organized into Driveline and Metal Forming segments, with each representing a reportable segment under ASC 280 - Segment Reporting. The results of each segment are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker to assess the performance of the segment and make decisions regarding the allocation of resources to the segments.

Our product offerings by segment are as follows:

•Driveline products consist primarily of front and rear axles, driveshafts, differential assemblies, clutch modules, balance shaft systems, disconnecting driveline technology, and electric and hybrid driveline products and systems for light trucks, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), crossover vehicles, passenger cars and commercial vehicles; and

•Metal Forming products consist primarily of engine, transmission, driveline and safety-critical components for traditional internal combustion engine and electric vehicle architectures including light vehicles, commercial vehicles and off-highway vehicles, as well as products for industrial markets.

We use Segment Adjusted EBITDA as the measure of earnings to assess the performance of each segment and determine the resources to be allocated to the segments. We define EBITDA to be earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA for our reportable segments excluding the impact of restructuring and acquisition-related costs, debt refinancing and redemption costs, ~~loss on the sale of a business, pension settlements,~~ unrealized gains or losses on equity securities, pension curtailment and settlement charges and non-recurring items.

On June 1, 2022, our acquisition of Tekfor became effective and we began consolidating the results of Tekfor on that date, which are reported in our Metal Forming segment. In the first quarter of 2023, we moved a plant location that was previously reported under our Driveline segment to our Metal Forming segment in order to better align our product and process technologies. The amounts in the tables below for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 have been recast to reflect this reorganization.

The following tables represent information by reportable segment for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2024 and 2023 ~~and 2022~~ (in millions):


			Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
			Driveline		Metal Forming		Total
			Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
			Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
			Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
		Driveline							Driveline	Metal Forming	Total
Sales	Sales		$	1,086.5	$	634.2	$	1,720.7
Less: Intersegment sales	Less: Intersegment sales		0.1		149.9		150.0
Net external sales	Net external sales		$	1,086.4	$	484.3	$	1,570.7

Segment Adjusted EBITDA	Segment Adjusted EBITDA		$	152.1	$	39.5	$	191.6
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
Segment Adjusted EBITDA

			Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
			Driveline		Metal Forming		Total
			Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
			Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
			Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
		Driveline							Driveline	Metal Forming	Total
Sales	Sales		$	1,024.7	$	557.7	$	1,582.4
Less: Intersegment sales	Less: Intersegment sales		—		144.1		144.1
Net external sales	Net external sales		$	1,024.7	$	413.6	$	1,438.3

Segment Adjusted EBITDA	Segment Adjusted EBITDA		$	132.4	$	62.7	$	195.1
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
Segment Adjusted EBITDA

2823

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Driveline Metal Forming Total
Sales $ 2,100.3 $ 1,253.3 $ 3,353.6
Less: Intersegment sales 0.1 288.9 289.0
Net external sales $ 2,100.2 $ 964.4 $ 3,064.6
Segment Adjusted EBITDA $ 266.2 $ 100.8 $ 367.0
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Driveline Metal Forming Total
Sales $ 2,070.1 $ 1,082.8 $ 3,152.9
Less: Intersegment sales — 278.4 278.4
Net external sales $ 2,070.1 $ 804.4 $ 2,874.5
Segment Adjusted EBITDA $ 255.2 $ 136.0 $ 391.2

The following table represents a reconciliation of Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA to consolidated income (loss) before income taxes for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and ~~2022:~~
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
(in millions)
Total segment adjusted EBITDA $ 191.6 $ 195.1 $ 367.0 $ 391.2
Interest expense (50.2) (42.7) (100.7) (87.4)
Depreciation and amortization (120.5) (121.9) (245.4) (242.3)
Restructuring and acquisition-related costs (7.9) (9.6) (12.7) (18.5)
Unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities 0.3 (3.7) — (21.7)
Debt refinancing and redemption costs — (0.2) — (5.8)
Non-recurring items:
Malvern Fire insurance recoveries (charges), net — (0.1) — 5.4
Acquisition-related fair value inventory adjustment — (5.0) — (5.0)
Gain on bargain purchase of business — 11.6 — 11.6
Income before income taxes $ 13.3 $ 23.5 $ 8.2 $ 27.5
2023:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2024		2023
		(in millions)
Total segment adjusted EBITDA		$	205.6	$	175.4
Interest expense		(49.0)		(50.5)
Depreciation and amortization		(117.8)		(124.9)
Restructuring and acquisition-related costs		(2.5)		(4.8)

Unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities		0.1		(0.3)






Income (loss) before income taxes		$	36.4	$	(5.1)

2924

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A) should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

Unless the context otherwise requires, references to "we," "our," "us" or "AAM" shall mean collectively (i) American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc. (Holdings), a Delaware corporation, (ii) American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. (AAM, Inc.), a Delaware corporation, and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, and, (iii) Metaldyne Performance Group, Inc. (MPG) and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. AAM Inc. and MPG are wholly owned subsidiaries of Holdings.

COMPANY OVERVIEW

As a leading global tier 1 automotive and mobility supplier, AAM designs, engineers and manufactures Driveline and Metal Forming technologies to support electric, hybrid, and internal combustion vehicles. Headquartered in Detroit with over 80 facilities in 18 countries, AAM is bringing the future faster for a safer and more sustainable tomorrow.

Major Customers

We are a primary supplier of driveline components to General Motors Company (GM) for its full-size rear-wheel drive (RWD) light trucks, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), and crossover vehicles manufactured in North America, supplying a significant portion of GM’s rear axle and four-wheel drive and all-wheel drive (4WD/AWD) axle requirements for these vehicle platforms. We also supply GM with various products from our Metal Forming segment. Sales to GM were approximately ~~39%~~40% of our consolidated net sales for the first ~~six~~three months of 2024 and 39% for both the first three months of 2023 ~~41% for the first six months of 2022~~ and ~~40% for~~ the full year ~~2022.~~2023.

We also supply driveline system products to Stellantis N.V. (Stellantis) for programs including the heavy-duty Ram full-size pickup trucks and its ~~derivatives and the AWD Chrysler Pacifica.~~derivatives. In addition, we sell various products to Stellantis from our Metal Forming segment. Sales to Stellantis were approximately ~~17%~~14% of our consolidated net sales for the first ~~six~~three months of 2024, 17% for the first three months of 2023 and ~~18%~~16% for ~~both the first six months of 2022 and~~ the full year ~~2022.~~2023.

We are also a supplier to Ford Motor Company (Ford) for driveline system products on certain vehicle programs including the Bronco Sport, Maverick, Edge, Escape and Lincoln Nautilus, and we also sell various products to Ford from our Metal Forming segment. Sales to Ford were approximately ~~11%~~13% of our consolidated net sales for ~~both~~ the first ~~six~~three months of 2024, 11% for the first three months of 2023 ~~and the first six months of 2022~~ and 12% for the full year ~~2022.~~2023.

No other customer represented 10% or more of consolidated net sales during these periods.

~~Supply Chain Constraints Impacting the Automotive Industry~~Commercial Matters

~~During~~In April 2024, one of our largest customers notified AAM that production purchase orders related to a previously announced contract to supply e-Beam axles for a future vehicle program were terminated. We believe that the ~~first six months~~termination of ~~2023 and 2022,~~these purchase orders reflects, in part, the ~~automotive industry continued to experience~~ significant ~~disruptions in~~uncertainty currently underlying the ~~supply chain,~~electric vehicle environment, including volatility in ~~metal, commodity~~estimated volumes and ~~utility~~the timing of production. We have submitted a cancellation claim to recover certain costs ~~shortages~~incurred in connection with the terminated purchase orders. As of ~~certain raw materials~~March 31, 2024, we have approximately $70 million of assets in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet associated with this program, consisting of capitalized engineering, design and ~~components, including semiconductor chips, increased transportation costs, higher labor~~development costs and ~~labor shortages.~~other commercial amounts. As ~~a result,~~of the date of this filing, we ~~have continued~~believe we are entitled to ~~experience volatility~~claim and recover the full amount. However, due to the nature of the cancellation claim process, and the need to reach final resolution with the customer, the ultimate amount to be recovered is not determinable and could differ materially from the amount included in our production schedules, including manufacturing downtime, often with limited notice from customers, higher inventory levels and increased labor costs, which have negatively impacted our results of operations and cash flows during these periods. In addition, during the six months ended June 30, 2023, we experienced lower margins at certain of our locations as a result of production inefficiencies and capacity constraints due, in part, to labor shortages impacting our operations. We continue to work with customers and suppliers in our effort to protect continuity of supply as we expect these challenges to continue throughout 2023. Due to the ongoing uncertainty associated with these supply chain constraints, the ultimate impact on our net sales, results of operations and cash flows is unknown.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

~~Effect of New Regulatory Pronouncements~~

~~Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Rule - Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, Governance, and Incident Disclosure~~

On July 26, 2023, the SEC adopted “Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, Governance, and Incident Disclosure,” a rule that enhances and standardizes disclosures regarding cybersecurity risk management and governance, as well as material cybersecurity incidents. Under this rule, companies will now be required to make annual disclosures describing their processes for identifying and managing material cybersecurity risks, how management assesses and manages such risks, and the Board of Directors’ oversight of cybersecurity risks. Companies must also disclose in a Form 8-K the nature, scope and timing of any material cybersecurity incidents identified and the material impact or reasonably likely material impact on the company.

This rule becomes effective 30 days after publication in the Federal Register, and requires public companies to comply with the annual cybersecurity risk disclosure requirements beginning with fiscal years ending on or after December 15, 2023, and to comply with the Form 8-K disclosure of material cybersecurity incidents on the later of 90 days after the rule was published in the Federal Register or December 18, 2023.

3125

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS –– THREE MONTHS ENDED ~~JUNE 30, 2023~~MARCH 31, 2024 AS COMPARED TO THREE MONTHS ENDED ~~JUNE 30, 2022~~MARCH 31, 2023

Net Sales


			Three Months Ended June 30,
		Three Months Ended March 31,																			Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	(in millions)		2023		2022		Change		Percent Change		(in millions)	2024			2023			Change				Percent Change
Net sales	Net sales		$	1,570.7	$	1,438.3	$	132.4	9.2	%	Net sales	$	1,606.9	$	$	1,493.9	$	$	113.0	7.6			7.6	%

The increase in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2023,~~2024, as compared to the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2022,~~2023, primarily reflects ~~approximately $69 million as a result of our acquisition of Tekfor that was completed in the second quarter of 2022 and~~ increased production volumes on certain vehicle programs that we support, ~~including those associated with program launches in 2023 from our new and incremental business backlog. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in sales of~~as well as approximately ~~$38~~$6 million associated with the effect of metal market pass-throughs to our customers and the impact of foreign exchange related to translation adjustments.

Cost of Goods Sold


			Three Months Ended June 30,
		Three Months Ended March 31,																			Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	(in millions)		2023		2022		Change		Percent Change		(in millions)	2024			2023			Change				Percent Change
Cost of goods sold	Cost of goods sold		$	1,392.5	$	1,264.8	$	127.7	10.1	%	Cost of goods sold	$	1,408.4	$	$	1,333.3	$	$	75.1	5.6			5.6	%

The change in cost of goods sold in the first three months of 2024, as compared to the first three months of 2023, primarily reflects ~~an increase of approximately $68 million as a result of our acquisition of Tekfor in 2022, as well as the impact of~~ increased production volumes on certain vehicle programs that we ~~support.~~support, as well as an increase of approximately $13 million associated with the effect of metal market pass-through costs and the impact of foreign exchange related to translation adjustments. For the three months ended ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, material costs were approximately 58% of total ~~cost~~costs of goods sold as compared to approximately ~~62%~~56% for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in material costs as a percentage of cost of goods sold was primarily the result of lower metal costs and increased labor costs in the second quarter of 2023, as compared to the second quarter of 2022.March 31, 2023.

Gross Profit


			Three Months Ended June 30,
		Three Months Ended March 31,																			Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	(in millions)		2023		2022		Change		Percent Change		(in millions)	2024			2023			Change				Percent Change
Gross profit	Gross profit		$	178.2	$	173.5	$	4.7	2.7	%	Gross profit	$	198.5	$	$	160.6	$	$	37.9	23.6			23.6	%

Gross margin was ~~11.3%~~12.4% in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2023,~~2024 as compared to ~~12.1%~~10.8% in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2022.~~2023. Gross profit and gross margin were impacted by the factors discussed in Net Sales and Cost of Goods Sold above.

3226

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A)


			Three Months Ended June 30,
		Three Months Ended March 31,																			Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	(in millions)		2023		2022		Change		Percent Change		(in millions)	2024			2023			Change				Percent Change
Selling, general & administrative expenses	Selling, general & administrative expenses		$	91.1	$	84.8	$	6.3	7.4	%	Selling, general & administrative expenses	$	98.3	$	$	98.3	$	$	—	—			—	%

SG&A as a percentage of net sales was ~~5.8%~~6.1% in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2023,~~2024 as compared to ~~5.9%~~6.6% of net sales in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2022.~~2023. Research and development (R&D) expense, net of customer engineering, design and development ~~(ED&D)~~ recoveries, was approximately ~~$37.1~~$36.7 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2023,~~2024, as compared to ~~$35.2~~$42.8 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2022. In addition to the increase~~2023. The decrease in R&D expense in the ~~change in SG&A expense is primarily related to higher compensation-related expense, as well as the impact~~first quarter of ~~three months of Tekfor results for the quarter ended June 30, 2023,~~2024, as compared to ~~one month~~the first quarter of ~~Tekfor results from the acquisition effective date on June 1, 2022 through June 30, 2022.~~2023, was offset by increased compensation-related expense.

Amortization of Intangible Assets Amortization expense related to intangible assets was ~~$21.4~~$20.7 million for ~~both~~ the three months ended ~~June 30, 2023 and~~March 31, 2024 as compared to $21.4 million for the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023.

Restructuring and Acquisition-Related Costs Restructuring and acquisition-related costs were ~~$7.9~~$2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. In 2024, we expect to incur approximately $10 million to $20 million of total restructuring charges. In addition, we expect to incur up to $5 million of integration costs in ~~the second quarter~~2024 associated with our acquisition of ~~2023 and $9.6 million in the second quarter of 2022.~~Tekfor. See Note 211 - Restructuring and Acquisition-Related Costs for additional detail regarding our restructuring, acquisition and integration activity.

Operating Income Operating income was ~~$57.8~~$77.0 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2023,~~2024 as compared to ~~$57.7~~$36.1 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2022.~~2023. Operating margin was ~~3.7%~~4.8% in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2023,~~2024, as compared to ~~4.0%~~2.4% in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2022.~~2023. The changes in operating income and operating margin were due primarily ~~due~~ to the factors discussed in Net Sales and Cost of Goods ~~Sold and SG&A above.~~Sold.

Interest Expense and Interest Income Interest expense was ~~$50.2~~$49.0 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2023,~~2024 as compared to ~~$42.7~~$50.5 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2022.~~2023. The weighted-average interest rate of our long-term debt outstanding was ~~6.7% in~~7.1% for the ~~second quarter of 2023~~three months ended March 31, 2024 and ~~5.4% in~~6.6% for the ~~second quarter of 2022.~~three months ended March 31, 2023. We expect our interest expense for the full year 2024 to be approximately $190 million to $200 million.

Interest income was $8.3 million in the first three months of 2024 as compared to $5.9 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2023, as compared to $3.2 million in the second quarter of 2022.~~

~~Debt Refinancing and Redemption Costs~~ In the second quarter of 2022, we made a voluntary prepayment of $25.0 million on our Term Loan B Facility. As a result, we expensed approximately $0.2 million for the write-off of a portion of the unamortized debt issuance costs that we had been amortizing over the expected life of this borrowing.

~~Gain on Bargain Purchase of Business~~ On June 1, 2022, our acquisition of Tekfor became effective, which resulted in a gain on bargain purchase of $11.6 million in the second quarter of 2022. This amount was prior to subsequent measurement period adjustments resulting in the final gain on bargain purchase of business of $13.6 million. See Note 14 - Acquisitions and Dispositions for additional detail on this acquisition.2023.

Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Equity Securities We have an investment in the equity securities of REE Automotive, ~~an e-mobility company. These equity securities~~which are measured at fair value each reporting period with changes in fair value reported through an unrealized holding gain or loss within Other income (expense), net in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of ~~Income. As of June 30, 2023,~~Operations. We recognized an unrealized gain on our investment in REE ~~shares was valued at $1.9~~Automotive of $0.1 million ~~resulting~~ in ~~an unrealized gain~~the first quarter of ~~$0.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. During the three months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized~~2024, as compared to an unrealized loss of ~~$3.7~~$0.3 million ~~on this investment.~~in the first quarter of 2023.

Other Income (Expense), Net Other income (expense), net includes the net effect of foreign exchange gains and losses, our proportionate share of earnings from equity in unconsolidated subsidiaries, and all components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs other than service cost. Other income (expense), net was ~~expense~~de minimis in the first three months of ~~$0.5~~2024, and was income of $3.7 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2023, as compared to expense of $2.4 million in the second quarter of 2022.~~2023.

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Income Tax Expense Income tax expense was ~~$5.3~~$15.9 million for the three months ended ~~June 30, 2023, as compared to $0.6 million~~March 31, 2024, and we had no income tax expense for the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. Our effective income tax rate was ~~39.8%~~43.7% in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2023,~~2024 as compared to 2.6% in the second quarter of 2022. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, we recognized an income tax benefit of approximately $3.2 million related to the release of a valuation allowance in a foreign jurisdiction and recorded a full valuation allowance against the deferred tax asset on the current year estimated disallowed interest expense in the U.S.

Our effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2023 varies from our effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2022 primarily as a result of the impact of the items noted above, as well as the $11.6 million gain on bargain purchase of business that was recognized in the three months ended June 30, 2022, which was not subject to income tax, and the mix of earnings on a jurisdictional basis.

~~Net Income and Earnings Per Share (EPS)~~ Net income was $8.0 million in the second quarter of 2023, as compared to $22.9 million in the second quarter of 2022. Diluted earnings per share was $0.07 per share in the second quarter of 2023, as compared to $0.19 in the second quarter of 2022. Net income and EPS for the second quarters of 2023 and 2022 were primarily impacted by the factors discussed above.

~~RESULTS OF OPERATIONS –– SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AS COMPARED TO SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2022~~

~~Net Sales~~

Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 Change Percent Change
Net sales $ 3,064.6 $ 2,874.5 $ 190.1 6.6 %

~~The increase~~0.0% in the first ~~six~~three months of 2023, as compared to the first six months of 2022, primarily reflects approximately $170 million as a result of our acquisition of Tekfor that was completed in the second quarter of 2022 and increased production volumes on certain vehicle programs that we support, including those associated with program launches in 2023 from our new and incremental business backlog. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in sales of approximately $86 million associated with the effect of metal market pass-throughs to our customers and the impact of foreign exchange related to translation adjustments.

~~Cost of Goods Sold~~

Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 Change Percent Change
Cost of goods sold $ 2,725.8 $ 2,514.2 $ 211.6 8.4 %

The change in cost of goods sold in the first six months of 2023, as compared to the first six months of 2022, primarily reflects approximately $169 million as a result of our acquisition of Tekfor, as well as the impact of increased production volumes on certain vehicle programs that we support. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, material costs were approximately 57% of total costs of goods sold as compared to approximately 61% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in material costs as a percentage of cost of goods sold was primarily the result of lower metal costs and increased labor costs in the first six months of 2023, as compared to the first six months of 2022.

~~Gross Profit~~

Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 Change Percent Change
Gross profit $ 338.8 $ 360.3 $ (21.5) (6.0) %

Gross margin was 11.1% in the first six months of 2023 as compared to 12.5% in the first six months of 2022. Gross profit and gross margin were impacted by the factors discussed in Net Sales and Cost of Goods Sold above.

~~Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A)~~

Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 Change Percent Change
Selling, general & administrative expenses $ 189.4 $ 170.9 $ 18.5 10.8 %

SG&A as a percentage of net sales was 6.2% in the first six months of 2023 as compared to 5.9% of net sales in the first six months of 2022. R&D expense, net of ED&D recoveries, was approximately $79.9 million in the first six months of 2023, as compared to $69.9 million in the first six months of 2022. In addition to the increase in R&D expense, the change in SG&A expense is primarily related to higher compensation-related expense, as well as the impact of six months of Tekfor results for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to one month of Tekfor results from the acquisition effective date on June 1, 2022 through June 30, 2022.

~~Amortization of Intangible Assets~~ ~~Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $42.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to $42.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022.~~

~~Restructuring and Acquisition-Related Costs~~ ~~Restructuring and acquisition-related costs were $12.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $18.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022.~~

On June 1, 2022, our acquisition of Tekfor became effective. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, we incurred $5.7 million of acquisition-related costs associated with this acquisition. Acquisition-related costs primarily consist of advisory, legal, accounting, valuation and certain other professional or consulting fees incurred.

In 2023, we expect to incur approximately $10 million to $20 million of total restructuring charges. In addition, we expect to incur up to $10 million of integration costs in 2023 associated with our acquisition of Tekfor. See Note 2 - Restructuring and Acquisition-Related Costs for additional detail regarding our restructuring, acquisition and integration activity.

~~Operating Income~~ Operating income was $93.9 million in the first six months of 2023 as compared to $128.0 million in the first six months of 2022. Operating margin was 3.1% in the first six months of 2023, as compared to 4.5% in the first six months of 2022. The changes in operating income and operating margin were due primarily to the factors discussed in Net Sales, Cost of Goods Sold and SG&A above.

~~Interest Expense and Interest Income~~ Interest expense was $100.7 million in the first six months of 2023 as compared to $87.4 million in the first six months of 2022. The weighted-average interest rate of our long-term debt outstanding was 6.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 5.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. We expect our interest expense for the full year 2023 to be approximately $195 million to $205 million.

~~Interest income was $11.8 million in the first six months of 2023 as compared to $6.2 million in the first six months of 2022.~~

~~Debt Refinancing and Redemption Costs~~ In the first six months of 2022, we amended and restated our existing Credit Agreement. See Note 5 - Long-Term Debt for further detail on the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. As a result, we incurred $0.2 million of third-party debt refinancing costs during the six months ended June 30, 2022.

In addition, in the first six months of 2022, we used the proceeds from the upsized Term Loan A Facility to voluntarily redeem a portion of our 6.25% Notes due 2026. This resulted in a principal payment of $220 million and $0.2 million in accrued interest. We also expensed approximately $1.8 million for the write-off of a portion of the unamortized debt issuance costs that we had been amortizing over the expected life of the borrowing, and approximately $3.4 million for the payment of an early redemption premium.

~~Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Equity Securities~~ We have an investment in the equity securities of REE Automotive, an e-mobility company. These equity securities are measured at fair value each reporting period with changes in fair value reported through an unrealized holding gain or loss within Other income (expense), net in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income. The fair value of REE shares was principally unchanged during the six months ended June 30, 2023. ~~We recognized an unrealized loss on our investment in REE shares of $21.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022.~~

~~Other Income (Expense), Net~~ Other income (expense), net includes the net effect of foreign exchange gains and losses, our proportionate share of earnings from equity in unconsolidated subsidiaries, and all components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs other than service cost. Other income (expense), net was income of $3.2 million in the first six months of 2023 as compared to expense of $3.4 million in the first six months of 2022.

~~Income Tax Expense~~ Income tax expense was $5.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $3.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Our effective income tax rate was 64.6% in the first six months of 2023 as compared to 13.1% in the first six months of 2022.

During the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2023, we recognized an income tax benefit of approximately $3.2 million related to the release of a valuation allowance in a foreign jurisdiction. For the six months ended June 30,~~March 31, 2024 and 2023, in computing our estimated annual effective tax rate, we recorded a full valuation allowance against the deferred tax asset on the current year estimated disallowed interest expense in the U.S. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded a valuation allowance against a portion of the deferred tax asset on prior year disallowed interest expense in the U.S. and reduced our liability for unrecognized income tax benefits and related interest and penalties as a result of a change in estimate on previously recorded unrecognized tax benefits in certain jurisdictions, resulting in net tax expense of $3.4 million during the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023.

Our effective income tax rate for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 varies from our effective income tax rate for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 primarily as a result of the mix of earnings on a jurisdictional basis and the impact of the discrete items noted above, the $11.6 million gain on bargain purchase of business that was recognized in the six months ended June 30, 2022, which was not subject to income tax, and the mix of earnings on a jurisdictional basis.above.

~~Due~~For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our effective income tax rate varies from the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to the ~~uncertainty associated with~~unfavorable impact related to the ~~extent~~disallowed interest expense deductions in the U.S. and ~~ultimate~~tax expense related to global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI), net of the favorable impact of certain foreign tax rates and the impact of tax credits. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, our effective income tax rate varies from the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to the unfavorable impact related to the disallowed interest expense deductions in the U.S. and tax expense related to GILTI, net of the impact of the ~~significant supply chain constraints affecting~~reduction in unrecognized tax benefits, favorable foreign tax rates and the automotive industry, including volatility in metal, commodity and utility costs, increased transportation costs, higher labor costs and labor shortages, we may experience lower than projected earnings in certain jurisdictions in future periods, and as a result, it is reasonably possible that changes in valuation allowances could be recognized in future periods and such changes could be material to our financial statements.impact of tax credits.

Net Income (Loss) and Earnings (Loss) Per Share (EPS) ~~Net~~Our net income was ~~$2.9~~$20.5 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2023~~2024, as compared to ~~$23.9~~a net loss of $5.1 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2022.~~2023. Diluted EPS was ~~$0.02~~earnings of $0.17 per share in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2023~~2024, as compared to ~~$0.20~~a loss of $0.04 per share in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2022.~~2023. Net income (loss) and EPS for the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023 were primarily impacted by the factors discussed above.

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SEGMENT REPORTING

Our product offerings by segment are as follows:

•Driveline products consist primarily of front and rear axles, driveshafts, differential assemblies, clutch modules, balance shaft systems, disconnecting driveline technology, and electric and hybrid driveline products and systems for light trucks, SUVs, crossover vehicles, passenger cars and commercial vehicles; and

The following table represents sales by reportable segment for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2024 and 2023 ~~and 2022~~ (in millions):


		Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
		2023		2022			2023		2022
				Three Months Ended March 31,
				Three Months Ended March 31,
				Three Months Ended March 31,
						2024					2024	2023
Driveline	Driveline	$	1,086.5	$	1,024.7		$	2,100.3	$	2,070.1
Metal Forming	Metal Forming	634.2		557.7			1,253.3		1,082.8

Eliminations	Eliminations	(150.0)		(144.1)			(289.0)		(278.4)
Eliminations
Eliminations
Net sales	Net sales	$	1,570.7	$	1,438.3		$	3,064.6	$	2,874.5

The increase in both Driveline and Metal Forming sales for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, as compared to the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, is primarily the result of increased production volumes on certain vehicle programs that we ~~support, including those associated with program launches~~support. Metal Forming sales also increased by approximately $6 million in ~~2023 from our new and incremental business backlog. For~~ the first three ~~and six~~ months ~~ended June 30, 2023,~~of 2024, as compared to the first three ~~and six~~ months ~~ended June 30, 2022, there was~~of 2023, as a ~~reduction in Driveline sales~~result of ~~approximately $25 million and $62 million, respectively, associated with~~ the effect of metal market pass-throughs to our customers and the impact of foreign exchange translation.

The increase in Metal Forming sales for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily reflects approximately $69 million associated with the acquisition of Tekfor and the impact of increased production volumes on certain vehicle programs that we support, partially offset by a reduction of approximately $13 million associated with the effect of metal market pass-throughs to our customers and the impact of foreign exchange translation.

The increase in Metal Forming sales for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily reflects approximately $170 million associated with the acquisition of Tekfor and the impact of increased production volumes on certain vehicle programs that we support, partially offset by a reduction of approximately $24 million associated with the effect of metal market pass-throughs to our customers and the impact of foreign exchange translation.

We use Segment Adjusted EBITDA as the measure of earnings to assess the performance of each segment and determine the resources to be allocated to the segments. The amounts for Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2024 and 2023 ~~and 2022~~ are as follows (in millions):

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Driveline $ 152.1 $ 132.4 266.2 $ 255.2
Metal Forming 39.5 62.7 100.8 136.0
Total segment adjusted EBITDA $ 191.6 $ 195.1 $ 367.0 $ 391.2


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2024		2023
Driveline		$	157.4	$	114.1
Metal Forming		48.2		61.3

Total segment adjusted EBITDA		$	205.6	$	175.4

For the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, as compared to the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, the ~~increases~~increase in Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the Driveline segment ~~were~~ primarily reflects approximately $24 million attributable to the impact of increased production volumes on certain vehicle programs that we support, ~~as well as~~with the remainder primarily related to improved operating performance and lower ~~metal costs and the favorable impact of our metal market pass-throughs. These favorable impacts were partially offset by increased labor costs and~~ program launch costs.

For the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, as compared to the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022, the change in~~March 31, 2023, Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the Metal Forming segment was ~~attributable to~~impacted by increased manufacturing costs, primarily labor costs, as well as the impact of production inefficiencies at certain of our locations due, in part, to labor shortages. These ~~decreases in Segment Adjusted EBITDA~~cost increases were partially offset by ~~lower metal costs and~~ the favorable impact of increased production volumes on certain vehicle programs that we support.

3929

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP and GAAP Information

In addition to results reported in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) in this MD&A, we have provided certain non-GAAP financial measures such as EBITDA and Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA. Such information is reconciled to its closest GAAP measure in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission rules below.

We define EBITDA to be earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA for our reportable segments excluding the impact of restructuring and acquisition-related costs, debt refinancing and redemption costs, ~~loss on the sale of a business, pension settlements,~~ unrealized gains or losses on equity securities, pension curtailment and settlement charges and non-recurring items. We believe that EBITDA and Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA are meaningful measures of performance as they are commonly utilized by management and investors to analyze operating performance and entity valuation. Our management, the investment community and the banking institutions routinely use EBITDA and Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA, together with other measures, to measure our operating performance relative to other Tier 1 automotive suppliers and to assess the relative mix of Adjusted EBITDA by segment. We also believe that Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA is a meaningful measure as it is used for operational planning and decision-making purposes. EBITDA and Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA are also key metrics used in our calculation of incentive compensation. These non-GAAP financial measures are not and should not be considered a substitute for any GAAP measure. Additionally, non-GAAP financial measures as presented by AAM may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Net income $ 8.0 $ 22.9 $ 2.9 $ 23.9
Interest expense 50.2 42.7 100.7 87.4
Income tax expense 5.3 0.6 5.3 3.6
Depreciation and amortization 120.5 121.9 245.4 242.3
EBITDA $ 184.0 $ 188.1 $ 354.3 $ 357.2
Restructuring and acquisition-related costs 7.9 9.6 12.7 18.5
Debt refinancing and redemption costs — 0.2 — 5.8
Unrealized loss (gain) on equity securities (0.3) 3.7 — 21.7
Non-recurring items:
Malvern Fire charges (insurance recoveries), net — 0.1 — (5.4)
Gain on bargain purchase of business — (11.6) — (11.6)
Acquisition-related fair value inventory adjustment — 5.0 — 5.0
Total segment adjusted EBITDA $ 191.6 $ 195.1 $ 367.0 $ 391.2


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2024		2023

Net income (loss)		$	20.5	$	(5.1)
Interest expense		49.0		50.5
Income tax expense		15.9		—
Depreciation and amortization		117.8		124.9
EBITDA		$	203.2	$	170.3
Restructuring and acquisition-related costs		2.5		4.8

Unrealized (gain) loss on equity securities		(0.1)		0.3
Total segment adjusted EBITDA		$	205.6	$	175.4

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our primary liquidity needs are to fund debt service obligations, capital expenditures, R&D spending, including further development of our electrification product portfolio, and working capital requirements, in addition to advancing our strategic initiatives. We believe that operating cash flow, available cash and cash equivalent balances and available borrowing capacity under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities and foreign credit facilities will be sufficient to meet these needs.

At ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, we had ~~nearly $1.5~~over $1.4 billion of liquidity consisting of approximately ~~$511~~$470 million of cash and cash equivalents, approximately ~~$891~~$892 million of available borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility and approximately ~~$73~~$83 million of available borrowings under foreign credit facilities. We have no significant debt maturities before 2026.

Operating Activities In the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2023,~~2024, net cash provided by operating activities was ~~$164.9~~$17.8 million as compared to ~~$215.2~~$32.1 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2022.~~2023. The following factors impacted cash from operating activities in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2023,~~2024, as compared to the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2022:~~

~~Impact of Supply Chain Constraints~~ During the first six months of 2023 and 2022, the automotive industry experienced significant disruptions in the supply chain, including volatility in metal, commodity and utility costs, shortages of certain raw materials and components, including semiconductor chips, increased transportation costs, higher labor costs and labor shortages. We expect these supply chain constraints and the associated volatility in our operations to continue through 2023.2023:

Accounts receivable For the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, we experienced ~~an increase~~a decrease in cash flow from operating activities of approximately ~~$50~~$79 million related to the change in our accounts receivable balance from December 31, ~~2022~~2023 to ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, as compared to the change in our accounts receivable balance from December 31, ~~2021~~2022 to ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. This change was primarily attributable to the timing of sales to customers in the applicable periods. The change was also the result of timing of collections on customer receivables as we participate in an early payment program offered by our largest customer, which allows us to sell certain of our North American receivables from this customer to a third party at our discretion. We utilize this program from time to time.

Accounts payable and accrued expenses For the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, we experienced ~~a decrease~~an increase in cash flow from operating activities of approximately ~~$47~~$26 million related to the change in our accounts payable and accrued expenses balance from December 31, ~~2022~~2023 to ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, as compared to the change in our accounts payable and accrued expenses balance from December 31, ~~2021~~2022 to ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. This change was primarily attributable to the timing of production and the associated purchases from suppliers within the applicable periods.

Income taxes Income taxes paid, net was ~~$40.6~~$11.5 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2023,~~2024, as compared to ~~$20.5~~$26.0 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2022.~~2023. During the first ~~six~~three months of 2023, we paid $10.1 million as a result of the Notice of Tax Due that was received from the Internal Revenue Service in the fourth quarter of 2022. See Note 1012 - Income Taxes for additional detail regarding the Notice of Tax Due. ~~In the first six months of 2022, we received an income tax refund of $5.4 million related to the utilization of net operating losses under the provisions of the CARES Act.~~

Interest paid Interest paid was ~~$88.8~~$47.8 million for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, as compared to ~~$86.5~~$41.6 million for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. The change in interest paid was primarily the result of increased interest rates on our variable rate ~~debt partially offset by lower interest payments on our 6.25% Notes due 2026 as a result of voluntarily redeeming a portion of the principal amount related to these notes in March 2022.~~

~~Malvern Fire~~ In the first six months of 2023 and 2022, we received $24.0 million and $11.7 million of cash, respectively, as reimbursements and advances under our insurance policies, of which $7.0 million and $7.1 million, respectively, were associated with operating expenses incurred as a result of the Malvern Fire and have been presented as operating cash inflows in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for these periods. See Note 15 - Manufacturing Facility Fire and Insurance Recovery for additional detail.debt.

Restructuring and acquisition-related costs For the full year ~~2023,~~2024, we expect restructuring and acquisition-related payments in cash flows from operating activities to be between ~~$20~~$15 million and ~~$30~~$25 million, and we expect the timing of cash payments to approximate the timing of charges incurred.

Pension and other postretirement benefits Due to the availability of our pre-funded pension balances (previous contributions in excess of prior required pension contributions), we expect our regulatory pension funding requirements in ~~2023~~2024 to be less than $1 million. We expect our cash payments for other postretirement benefit obligations in ~~2023,~~2024, net of GM cost sharing, to be approximately ~~$14.6~~$11.0 million.

Investing Activities In the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2023,~~2024, net cash used in investing activities was ~~$77.9~~$48.2 million as compared to ~~$150.2~~$30.5 million for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. Capital expenditures were ~~$90.7~~$48.0 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2023~~2024 as compared to ~~$71.2~~$46.6 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2022.~~2023. We expect our capital spending in ~~2023~~2024 to be ~~3.5%~~4.0% to 4%4.5% of sales.

In the first ~~six~~three months of 2023, and 2022, in addition to the $7.0 million and $7.1 million, respectively, of cash reimbursements received under our insurance policies associated with operating expenses incurred as a result of the Malvern Fire, we received $17.0 million ~~and $4.6 million, respectively,~~ of cash reimbursements under our insurance policies associated with machinery and equipment that was damaged or destroyed as a result of the Malvern ~~Fire.~~Fire that occurred in 2020. This cash received has been classified as an investing cash flow based on the nature of the associated loss incurred.

On June 1, 2022, our acquisition of Tekfor became effective and we paid approximately $80 million, net of cash acquired, which was funded entirely with cash on hand. Also in the first six months of 2022, we made payments for the acquisition of a supplier in Mexico and began to pay the deferred consideration associated with our acquisition of Emporium that was completed in 2021. These payments totaled approximately $8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Financing Activities In the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2023,~~2024, net cash used in financing activities was ~~$87.4~~$16.0 million, as compared to ~~$86.7~~$49.1 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2022.~~2023. The following factors impacted cash from financing activities in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2023,~~2024, as compared to the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2022:~~2023:

In the first six months of 2022, we made voluntary prepayments totaling $50.0 million on our Term Loan B Facility. As a result, we expensed approximately $0.4 million for the write-off of a portion of the unamortized debt issuance costs that we had been amortizing over the expected life of this borrowing.2026.

Redemption of 6.25% Notes ~~due~~Due 2026In the first ~~six months~~quarter of ~~2022,~~2024, we ~~used the proceeds from the upsized Term Loan A Facility to voluntarily redeem a portion~~completed an open market repurchase of our 6.25% Notes due ~~2026. This resulted in a principal payment~~2026 of $220.0 million and $0.2 million in accrued interest. We also expensed approximately $1.8 million for the write-off of a portion of the unamortized debt issuance costs that we had been amortizing over the expected life of the borrowing, and approximately $3.4 million for the payment of an early redemption premium.$1.7 million.

Repayment of Tekfor Group Indebtedness ~~Upon~~In the first quarter of 2024, we repaid $6.6 million of the outstanding indebtedness that we assumed upon our acquisition of Tekfor in June ~~2022, we assumed $23.4 million of existing Tekfor indebtedness, of which we repaid $10.7 million in the second quarter of~~ 2022.

Foreign credit facilities We utilize local currency credit facilities to finance the operations of certain foreign subsidiaries. At ~~June 30, 2023, $73.3~~March 31, 2024, $42.4 million was outstanding under our foreign credit facilities, as compared to ~~$72.7~~$51.8 million at December 31, ~~2022.~~2023. At ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, an additional ~~$72.8~~$83.4 million was available under our foreign credit facilities.

Treasury stock Treasury stock increased by ~~$14.7~~$2.7 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2023~~2024 to ~~$232.9~~$235.6 million as compared to ~~$218.2~~$232.9 million at year-end ~~2022,~~2023, due to the withholding and repurchase of shares of AAM stock to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations due upon the vesting of stock-based compensation.

Subsidiary Guarantees of Registered Debt Securities Our 6.875% Notes, 6.50% Notes, 6.25% Notes, and 5.00% Notes (collectively, the Notes) are senior unsecured obligations of AAM, Inc. (Issuer); all of which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a joint and several basis, by Holdings and substantially all domestic subsidiaries of AAM, Inc. and MPG Inc (Subsidiary Guarantors). Holdings has no significant assets other than its 100% ownership in AAM, Inc. and MPG Inc., and no direct subsidiaries other than AAM, Inc. and MPG Inc.

Each guarantee by Holdings and/or any of the Subsidiary Guarantors is:

•a senior obligation of the relevant Subsidiary Guarantors;

•the unsecured and unsubordinated obligation of the relevant Subsidiary Guarantors; and

•of equal rank with all other existing and future unsubordinated and unsecured indebtedness of the relevant Subsidiary Guarantors.

Each guarantee by a Subsidiary Guarantor provides by its terms that it will be automatically, fully and unconditionally released and discharged upon:

•any sale, exchange or transfer (by merger or otherwise) of the capital stock of such Subsidiary Guarantor, or the sale or disposition of all the assets of such Subsidiary Guarantor, which sale, exchange, transfer or disposition is made in compliance with the applicable provisions of the indentures;

•the exercise by the issuer of its legal defeasance option or covenant defeasance option or the discharge of the issuer’s obligations under the indentures in accordance with the terms of the indentures; or

•the election of the issuer to affect such a release following the date that such guaranteed Notes have an investment grade rating from both Standard & Poor's Ratings Group, Inc, and Moody's Investors Service, Inc.

The following represents summarized financial information of AAM Holdings, AAM Inc. and the Subsidiary Guarantors (collectively, the Combined Entities). The information has been prepared on a combined basis and excludes any investments of AAM Holdings, AAM Inc., or the Subsidiary Guarantors in non-guarantor subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and amounts between Combined Entities have been eliminated.

Statement of Income Information

(in millions)

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023

Year Ended December 31, 2022

Statement of Operations Information

(in millions)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024

Year Ended December 31, 2023

Net sales

2,233.8

4,429.5

Gross profit

182.4

445.2

Income (loss) from operations

(40.8)

25.1

Net loss

(92.1)

(59.7)

Balance Sheet Information

(in millions)

June 30, 2023

December 31, 2022

Balance Sheet Information

(in millions)

March 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

Current assets

1,092.8

1,061.9

Noncurrent assets

2,294.1

2,317.9

Current liabilities

1,478.6

1,360.4

Current liabilities

Noncurrent liabilities

3,325.6

3,345.3

Redeemable preferred stock

—

Redeemable preferred stock

Noncontrolling interest

—

At ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, amounts owed by the Combined Entities to non-guarantor entities totaled approximately ~~$1,045~~$20 million and ~~$945~~$1,090 million, respectively, and amounts owed to the Combined Entities from non-guarantor entities totaled approximately ~~$630~~$465 million and ~~$620~~$580 million, respectively.

The reduction in the amounts owed by the Combined Entities to non-guarantor entities, and the associated reduction in Current liabilities at March 31, 2024, as compared to December 31, 2023, was the result of the implementation of certain actions to reorganize our global operating structure effective at the end of 2023 and a corresponding change to our Subsidiary Guarantors effective in the first quarter of 2024.

4433

CYCLICALITY AND SEASONALITY

Our operations are cyclical because they are directly related to worldwide automotive production, which is itself cyclical and dependent on general economic conditions and other factors. Typically, our business is also moderately seasonal as our major OEM customers historically have an extended shutdown of operations (normally 1-2 weeks) in conjunction with their model year changeover and an approximate one-week shutdown in the month of December. Our major OEM customers also occasionally have longer shutdowns of operations (up to six weeks) for program changeovers. Accordingly, our quarterly results may reflect these trends.

LITIGATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS

We are involved in, or potentially subject to, various legal proceedings or claims incidental to our business. These include, but are not limited to, matters arising out of product warranties, contractual matters, and environmental obligations. Although the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, at this time we do not believe that any of these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

We file U.S. federal, state and local income tax returns, as well as foreign income tax returns in jurisdictions throughout the world. We are also subject to examinations of these tax returns by the relevant tax authorities. Negative or unexpected outcomes of these examinations and audits, and any related litigation, could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. See Note 12 - Income Taxes for additional discussion regarding examinations and audits of our tax returns and pending litigation.

We are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign environmental and occupational safety and health laws, regulations and ordinances, including those regulating air emissions, water discharge, waste management and environmental cleanup. We will continue to closely monitor our environmental conditions to ensure that we are in compliance with all laws, regulations and ordinances. We have made, and anticipate continuing to make, capital and other expenditures (including recurring administrative costs) to comply with environmental requirements at our current and former facilities. Such expenditures were not significant in the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2023.~~2024.

We are subject to risks of environmental issues, including impacts of climate-related events, that could result in unforeseen disruptions or costs to our operations. We did not experience any climate-related events in the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2023~~2024 that we believe could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

4534

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

MARKET RISK

Our business and financial results are affected by fluctuations in global financial markets, including currency exchange rates and interest rates. Our hedging policy has been developed to manage these risks to an acceptable level based on management’s judgment of the appropriate trade-off between risk, opportunity and cost. We do not hold financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Currency Exchange Risk From time to time, we use foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the effects of fluctuations in exchange rates relating to certain foreign currencies. As of ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we had currency forward contracts outstanding with a total notional amount of ~~$197.6~~$227.3 million and ~~$179.9~~$206.9 million, respectively. The potential decrease in fair value of foreign exchange contracts, assuming a 10% adverse change in the foreign currency exchange rates, would be approximately ~~$18.0~~$20.7 million at ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and was ~~$16.4~~$18.8 million at December 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

In 2022, we entered into a fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swap to reduce the variability of functional currency equivalent cash flows associated with changes in exchange rates on certain Euro-based intercompany loans. We had notional amounts outstanding under fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swaps of €200.0 million at both ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, which ~~was~~were equivalent to ~~$218.0~~$215.8 million and ~~$213.9~~$220.7 million, respectively. The fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swap hedges our exposure to changes in exchange rates on the intercompany loans ~~into~~through the second quarter of 2024. The potential decrease in fair value of the fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swap, assuming a 10% adverse change in the foreign currency exchange rates, would be approximately ~~$21.8~~$21.6 million at ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and was approximately ~~$21.4~~$22.1 million at December 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

Future business operations and opportunities, including the expansion of our business outside North America, may further increase the risk that cash flows resulting from these global operations may be adversely affected by changes in currency exchange rates. If and when appropriate, we intend to manage these risks by creating natural hedges in the structure of our global operations, utilizing local currency funding of these expansions and various types of foreign exchange contracts.

Interest Rate Risk We are exposed to variable interest rates on certain credit facilities. From time to time, we have used interest rate hedging to reduce the effects of fluctuations in market interest rates. In ~~2022, and in the first quarter of~~ 2023, we entered into variable-to-fixed interest rate swaps to reduce the variability of cash flows associated with interest payments on our variable rate debt. As of ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, we have $700.0 million notional amount hedged in relation to our variable-to-fixed interest rate swaps into the third quarter of 2027, $200.0 million of which continues into the fourth quarter of 2029.

The pre-tax earnings and cash flow impact of a one-percentage-point increase in interest rates (approximately ~~15%~~14% of our weighted-average interest rate at ~~June 30, 2023)~~March 31, 2024) on our long-term debt outstanding, would be approximately ~~$4.9~~$4.3 million at ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 and was approximately ~~$7.5~~$4.4 million at December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, on an annualized basis.

4635

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the direction of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting and concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) were effective as of ~~June 30, 2023.~~March 31, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting for the quarter ended ~~June 30, 2023~~March 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Our acquisition of Tekfor Group became effective on June 1, 2022. We are currently integrating policies, processes and operations for the combined company and will continue to evaluate our internal control over financial reporting as we develop and execute our integration plans. The acquired entities will be included in our assessment of AAM's internal control over financial reporting for the year ended December 31, 2023.

4736

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There were no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our December 31, ~~2022~~2023 Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table provides information about our equity security purchases during the quarter ended ~~June 30, 2023:~~March 31, 2024:

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Period Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
(in millions)
April 1 - April 30, 2023 21,086 $ 7.81 — $ —
May 1 - May 31, 2023 — — — —
June 1 - June 30, 2023 — — — —
Total 21,086 $ 7.81 — $ —


Period	Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit)		Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
					(in millions)
January 1 - January 31, 2024	5,076	$	8.02	—	$	—
February 1 - February 29, 2024	—	—		—	—
March 1 - March 31, 2024	384,781	6.87		—	—
Total	389,857	$	6.88	—	$	—

Item 5. Other Information

During the quarterly period ended ~~June 30, 2023,~~March 31, 2024, our directors and officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the ~~Securities~~ Exchange ~~Act of 1934, as amended)~~Act) did not adopt, terminate or modify Rule 10b5-1 or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).

4837

Item 6. Exhibits


Number						Description of Exhibit

*10.1						~~First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as~~Form of June 28, 2023, among American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc., American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc., certain subsidiaries of American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc. identified therein, each financial institution party thereto as a lender and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative AgentPerformance Share Award (Free Cash Flow) for Executive Officers

~~(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1~~*10.2						Form of ~~Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 29, 2023)~~Performance Unit Award (Free Cash Flow) for Executive Officers

*22						Subsidiary Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities

*31.1						Certification of David C. Dauch, Chairman of the Board & Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act

*31.2						Certification of Christopher J. May, Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act

*32						Certifications of David C. Dauch, Chairman of the Board & Chief Executive Officer and Christopher J. May, Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS						XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

**101.SCH						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

**101.CAL						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

**101.LAB						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

**101.PRE						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

**101.DEF						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

** 104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL contained in Exhibit 101)

Filed herewith

Submitted electronically with this Report.

4938

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

(Registrant)

/s/ James G. Zaliwski

James G. Zaliwski

Chief Accounting Officer

~~August 4, 2023~~May 3, 2024

5039


	Acquisition-Related Costs		Integration Expenses		Total
	(in millions)
Charges for the six months ended June 30, 2023	$	—	$	2.0	$	2.0
Charges for the six months ended June 30, 2022	5.7		1.2		6.9