UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

___________________________________

FORM 10-Q


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 1-14387

Commission File Number 1-13663

___________________________________

United Rentals, Inc.

United Rentals (North America), Inc.

(Exact Names of Registrants as Specified in Their Charters)

___________________________________



Delaware						06-1522496
Delaware						86-0933835
(States of Incorporation)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification Nos.)


100 First Stamford Place, Suite 700
Stamford
Connecticut						06902
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)						(Zip Code)

Registrants’ Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (203) 622-3131

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $.01 par value, of United Rentals, Inc.

URI

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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Large Accelerated Filer

☒

Accelerated Filer

☐

Non-Accelerated Filer

☐

Smaller Reporting Company

☐

Emerging Growth Company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐Yes x No

As of ~~October~~April 24, ~~2022,~~2023, there were ~~69,308,481~~68,731,157 shares of United Rentals, Inc. common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding. There is no market for the common stock of United Rentals (North America), Inc., all outstanding shares of which are owned by United Rentals, Inc.

This combined Form 10-Q is separately filed by (i) United Rentals, Inc. and (ii) United Rentals (North America), Inc. (which is a wholly owned subsidiary of United Rentals, Inc.). United Rentals (North America), Inc. meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction (H)(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-Q and is therefore filing this report with the reduced disclosure format permitted by such instruction.

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

UNITED RENTALS (NORTH AMERICA), INC.

FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED ~~SEPTEMBER 30, 2022~~MARCH 31, 2023

INDEX


		Page
PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	6

	United Rentals, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	6

	United Rentals, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income	7

	United Rentals, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	8

	United Rentals, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	9

	United Rentals, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	1110

	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	1211

Item 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2726

Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	4340

Item 4	Controls and Procedures	4441

PART II	OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1	Legal Proceedings	4542

Item 1A	Risk Factors	4542

Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	4542



Item 6	Exhibits	4643

	Signatures	4744

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believe,” “expect,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seek,” “on-track,” “plan,” “project,” “forecast,” “intend” or “anticipate,” or the negative thereof or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategy or outlook. You are cautioned that our business and operations are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, and, consequently, our actual results may differ materially from those projected.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected include, but are not limited to, the following:

•the cyclical nature of our business, which is highly sensitive to North American construction and industrial activities; if construction or industrial activity decline, our revenues and, because many of our costs are fixed, our profitability may be adversely affected;

•the impact of global economic conditions (including inflation, increased interest rates, supply chain constraints, potential trade wars and sanctions and other measures imposed in response to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine) and public health crises and epidemics ~~such as the coronavirus (COVID-19),~~ on us, our customers and our suppliers, in the United States and the rest of the world;

•~~uncertainty regarding the ongoing~~declines in construction or industrial activity, which could adversely impact our revenues and, because many of existing and emerging variant strains of COVID-19 on global economic conditions, and regarding the length of time it will take for the COVID-19 pandemic to ultimately subside or become viewed as endemic. Uncertainty remains regarding the effectiveness of vaccines against COVID-19 (including against emerging variant strains), and the time it will take for the pandemic to subside will also be impacted by measures that may in the future be implemented to protect public health;our costs are fixed, our profitability;

•rates we charge and time utilization we achieve being less than anticipated;

•changes in customer, fleet, geographic and segment mix;

•excess fleet in the equipment rental industry;

•inability to benefit from government spending, including spending associated with infrastructure projects;

•trends in oil and natural gas, including significant increases in the prices of oil or natural gas, could adversely affect the demand for our services and products;

•competition from existing and new competitors;

•the cyclical nature of the industry in which we operate and the industries of our customers, such as those in the construction industry;

•costs we incur being more than anticipated, including as a result of inflation, and the inability to realize expected savings in the amounts or time frames planned;

•our significant indebtedness (which totaled ~~$9.9~~$11.6 billion at ~~September 30, 2022)~~March 31, 2023) requires us to use a substantial portion of our cash flow for debt service and can constrain our flexibility in responding to unanticipated or adverse business conditions;

•inability to refinance our indebtedness on terms that are favorable to us, including as a result of volatility and uncertainty in capital or credit markets or increases in interest rates, or at all;

•incurrence of additional debt, which could exacerbate the risks associated with our current level of indebtedness;

•noncompliance with financial or other covenants in our debt agreements, which could result in our lenders terminating the agreements and requiring us to repay outstanding borrowings;

•restrictive covenants and the amount of borrowings permitted inunder our debt instruments, which can limit our financial and operational flexibility;

•inability to access the capital that our businesses or growth plans may require, including as a result of uncertainty in capital or ~~other financial~~credit markets;

•the possibility that companies that we have acquired or may acquire could have undiscovered liabilities, or that companies or assets that we have acquired or may acquire could involve other unexpected costs, may strain our management capabilities, or may be difficult to ~~integrate;~~integrate, and that we may not realize the expected benefits from an acquisition over the timeframe we expect, or at all;

•incurrence of impairment charges;

•fluctuations in the price of our common stock and inability to complete stock repurchases in the time frame and/or on the terms anticipated;

•our charter provisions as well as provisions of certain debt agreements and our significant indebtedness may have the effect of making more difficult or otherwise discouraging, delaying or deterring a takeover or other change of control of us;

•inability to manage credit risk adequately or to collect on contracts with a large number of customers;

•turnover in our management team and inability to attract and retain key personnel, as well as loss, absenteeism or the inability of employees to work or perform key functions in light of public health crises or ~~epidemics (including COVID-19);~~epidemics;

•inability to obtain equipment and other supplies for our business from our key suppliers on acceptable terms or at all, as a result of supply chain disruptions, insolvency, financial difficulties or other factors;

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•increases in our maintenance and replacement costs and/or decreases in the residual value of our equipment;

•inability to sell our new or used fleet in the amounts, or at the prices, we expect;

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•risks related to security breaches, cybersecurity attacks, failure to protect personal information, compliance with data protection laws and other significant disruptions in our information technology systems;

•risks related to climate change and climate change regulation;

•risks related to our ability to meet our environmental and social goals, including our greenhouse gas intensity reduction goal;

•the fact that our holding company structure requires us to depend in part on distributions from subsidiaries and such distributions could be limited by contractual or legal restrictions;

•shortfalls in our insurance coverage;

•increases in our loss reserves to address business operations or other claims and any claims that exceed our established levels of reserves;

•incurrence of additional expenses (including indemnification obligations) and other costs in connection with litigation, regulatory and investigatory matters;

•the costs of complying with environmental, safety and foreign laws and regulations, as well as other risks associated with non-U.S. operations, including currency exchange risk, and tariffs;

•the outcome or other potential consequences of regulatory matters and commercial litigation;

•labor shortages and/or disputes, work stoppages or other labor difficulties, which may impact our productivity and ~~potential enactment of new legislation or other~~increase our costs, and changes in law ~~affecting~~that could affect our labor relations or operations generally; and

•the effect of changes in tax law.

For a more complete description of these and other possible risks and uncertainties, please refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, as well as to our subsequent filings with the SEC. Our forward-looking statements contained herein speak only as of the date hereof, and we make no commitment to update or publicly release any revisions to forward-looking statements in order to reflect new information or subsequent events, circumstances or changes in expectations.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.Financial Statements

UNITED RENTALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions, except share data)


		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(unaudited)					(unaudited)
ASSETS	ASSETS					ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	76	$	144	Cash and cash equivalents	$	99	$	106
Accounts receivable, net	Accounts receivable, net	1,934		1,677		Accounts receivable, net	2,034		2,004
Inventory	Inventory	193		164		Inventory	222		232
Prepaid expenses and other assets	Prepaid expenses and other assets	124		166		Prepaid expenses and other assets	267		381

Total current assets	Total current assets	2,327		2,151		Total current assets	2,622		2,723
Rental equipment, net	Rental equipment, net	11,553		10,560		Rental equipment, net	13,521		13,277
Property and equipment, net	Property and equipment, net	648		612		Property and equipment, net	801		839
Goodwill	Goodwill	5,543		5,528		Goodwill	5,708		6,026
Other intangible assets, net	Other intangible assets, net	500		615		Other intangible assets, net	868		452
Operating lease right-of-use assets	Operating lease right-of-use assets	801		784		Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,064		819
Other long-term assets	Other long-term assets	47		42		Other long-term assets	45		47
Total assets	Total assets	$	21,419	$	20,292	Total assets	$	24,629	$	24,183
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY					LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Short-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt	Short-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt	$	156	$	906	Short-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt	$	156	$	161
Accounts payable	Accounts payable	1,136		816		Accounts payable	1,117		1,139
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	Accrued expenses and other liabilities	972		881		Accrued expenses and other liabilities	1,007		1,145
Total current liabilities	Total current liabilities	2,264		2,603		Total current liabilities	2,280		2,445
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	9,754		8,779		Long-term debt	11,492		11,209

Deferred taxes	Deferred taxes	2,263		2,154		Deferred taxes	2,703		2,671
Operating lease liabilities	Operating lease liabilities	630		621		Operating lease liabilities	857		642
Other long-term liabilities	Other long-term liabilities	155		144		Other long-term liabilities	167		154
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	15,066		14,301		Total liabilities	17,499		17,121

Common stock—$0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 114,709,579 and 69,308,052 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, at September 30, 2022 and 114,434,075 and 72,420,566 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, at December 31, 2021		1		1
Common stock—$0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 114,941,392 and 68,934,902 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, at March 31, 2023 and 114,758,508 and 69,356,981 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, at December 31, 2022						Common stock—$0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 114,941,392 and 68,934,902 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, at March 31, 2023 and 114,758,508 and 69,356,981 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, at December 31, 2022	1		1
Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital	2,604		2,567		Additional paid-in capital	2,598		2,626
Retained earnings	Retained earnings	9,017		7,551		Retained earnings	10,003		9,656
Treasury stock at cost—45,401,527 and 42,013,509 shares at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively		(4,957)		(3,957)
Treasury stock at cost—46,006,490 and 45,401,527 shares at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively						Treasury stock at cost—46,006,490 and 45,401,527 shares at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	(5,208)		(4,957)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(312)		(171)		Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(264)		(264)
Total stockholders’ equity	Total stockholders’ equity	6,353		5,991		Total stockholders’ equity	7,130		7,062
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	21,419	$	20,292	Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	24,629	$	24,183

See accompanying notes.

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(In millions, except per share amounts)


		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended					Three Months Ended
		September 30,				September 30,					March 31,
		2022		2021		2022		2021				2023		2022
Revenues:	Revenues:									Revenues:
Equipment rentals	Equipment rentals	$	2,732	$	2,277	$	7,369	$	5,895	Equipment rentals		$	2,740	$	2,175
Sales of rental equipment	Sales of rental equipment	181		183		556		644		Sales of rental equipment		388		211
Sales of new equipment	Sales of new equipment	32		47		115		153		Sales of new equipment		44		45
Contractor supplies sales	Contractor supplies sales	32		29		94		80		Contractor supplies sales		34		29
Service and other revenues	Service and other revenues	74		60		212		168		Service and other revenues		79		64
Total revenues	Total revenues	3,051		2,596		8,346		6,940		Total revenues		3,285		2,524
Cost of revenues:	Cost of revenues:									Cost of revenues:
Cost of equipment rentals, excluding depreciation	Cost of equipment rentals, excluding depreciation	1,053		886		2,961		2,416		Cost of equipment rentals, excluding depreciation		1,162		906
Depreciation of rental equipment	Depreciation of rental equipment	470		412		1,362		1,172		Depreciation of rental equipment		575		435
Cost of rental equipment sales	Cost of rental equipment sales	69		99		231		373		Cost of rental equipment sales		198		95
Cost of new equipment sales	Cost of new equipment sales	25		38		93		128		Cost of new equipment sales		36		37
Cost of contractor supplies sales	Cost of contractor supplies sales	23		21		66		57		Cost of contractor supplies sales		24		20
Cost of service and other revenues	Cost of service and other revenues	45		37		125		102		Cost of service and other revenues		49		39
Total cost of revenues	Total cost of revenues	1,685		1,493		4,838		4,248		Total cost of revenues		2,044		1,532
Gross profit	Gross profit	1,366		1,103		3,508		2,692		Gross profit		1,241		992
Selling, general and administrative expenses	Selling, general and administrative expenses	356		326		1,022		877		Selling, general and administrative expenses		382		323
Merger related costs		—		—		—		3

Restructuring charge	Restructuring charge	(1)		—		—		1		Restructuring charge		1		—
Non-rental depreciation and amortization	Non-rental depreciation and amortization	90		98		278		279		Non-rental depreciation and amortization		118		97
Operating income	Operating income	921		679		2,208		1,532		Operating income		740		572
Interest expense, net	Interest expense, net	106		132		313		331		Interest expense, net		150		94

Other income, net	Other income, net	(1)		(3)		(12)		(1)		Other income, net		(4)		(5)
Income before provision for income taxes	Income before provision for income taxes	816		550		1,907		1,202		Income before provision for income taxes		594		483
Provision for income taxes	Provision for income taxes	210		141		441		297		Provision for income taxes		143		116

Net income	Net income	$	606	$	409	$	1,466	$	905	Net income		$	451	$	367

Basic earnings per share	Basic earnings per share	$	8.69	$	5.65	$	20.61	$	12.49	Basic earnings per share		$	6.50	$	5.07

Diluted earnings per share	Diluted earnings per share	$	8.66	$	5.63	$	20.56	$	12.45	Diluted earnings per share		$	6.47	$	5.05

See accompanying notes.

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(In millions)


		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended					Three Months Ended
		September 30,				September 30,					March 31,
		2022		2021		2022		2021				2023		2022
Net income	Net income	$	606	$	409	$	1,466	$	905	Net income		$	451	$	367
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:	Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:									Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments (1)	Foreign currency translation adjustments (1)	(92)		(52)		(141)		(24)		Foreign currency translation adjustments (1)		1		17
Fixed price diesel swaps	Fixed price diesel swaps	(3)		—		—		1		Fixed price diesel swaps		(1)		3
Other comprehensive (loss) income(1)	Other comprehensive (loss) income(1)	(95)		(52)		(141)		(23)		Other comprehensive (loss) income(1)		—		20
Comprehensive income ~~(1)~~	Comprehensive income ~~(1)~~	$	511	$	357	$	1,325	$	882	Comprehensive income ~~(1)~~		$	451	$	387

(1)There were no material reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss reflected in other comprehensive income (loss) during ~~2022~~2023 or ~~2021.~~2022. There was no material tax impact related to the foreign currency translation adjustments. We have historically considered the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested, and, accordingly, no taxes were provided on such earnings prior to 2020. In 2020 and 2021, we identified cash in our foreign operations in excess of near-term working capital needs that could no longer be considered indefinitely reinvested. As a result, our prior assertion that all undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries should be considered indefinitely reinvested changed. In 2021, we remitted ~~$203 of cash from foreign operations (such amount represents~~ the cumulative amount of identified cash in our foreign operations in excess of near-term working capital ~~needs).~~needs. We continue to expect that the remaining balance of our undistributed foreign earnings will be indefinitely reinvested. If we determine that all or a portion of such foreign earnings are no longer indefinitely reinvested, we may be subject to additional foreign withholding taxes and U.S. state income taxes. There were no material taxes associated with other comprehensive income (loss) during ~~2022~~2023 or ~~2021.~~2022.

See accompanying notes.

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(In millions)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Common Stock Treasury Stock
Number of
Shares (1) (2) Amount Additional Paid-in
Capital Retained Earnings Number of
Shares Amount Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (3)
Balance at June 30, 2022 70 $ 1 $ 2,570 $ 8,411 45 $ (4,719) $ (217)
Net income 606
Foreign currency translation adjustments (92)
Fixed price diesel swaps (3)
Stock compensation expense, net — 35
Tax withholding for share based compensation — (1)
Repurchase of common stock — — (238)
Balance at September 30, 2022 69 $ 1 $ 2,604 $ 9,017 45 $ (4,957) $ (312)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Common Stock Treasury Stock
Number of
Shares (1) (2) Amount Additional Paid-in
Capital Retained Earnings Number of
Shares Amount Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (3)
Balance at June 30, 2021 72 $ 1 $ 2,506 $ 6,661 42 $ (3,957) $ (117)
Net income 409
Foreign currency translation adjustments (52)
Stock compensation expense, net — 33
Tax withholding for share based compensation — (1)
Balance at September 30, 2021 72 $ 1 $ 2,538 $ 7,070 42 $ (3,957) $ (169)

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	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Common Stock							Treasury Stock
	Number of Shares (1)	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Number of Shares	Amount		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (2)
Balance at December 31, 2022	69	$	1	$	2,626	$	9,656	45	$	(4,957)	$	(264)
Net income						451
Dividends declared (3)						(104)
Foreign currency translation adjustments											1
Fixed price diesel swaps											(1)

Stock compensation expense, net	1			24



Tax withholding for share based compensation	—			(52)
Repurchase of common stock	(1)							1	(251)

Balance at March 31, 2023	69	$	1	$	2,598	$	10,003	46	$	(5,208)	$	(264)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Common Stock Treasury Stock
Number of
Shares (1) (2) Amount Additional Paid-in
Capital Retained Earnings Number of
Shares Amount Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (3)
Balance at December 31, 2021 72 $ 1 $ 2,567 $ 7,551 42 $ (3,957) $ (171)
Net income 1,466
Foreign currency translation adjustments (141)
Stock compensation expense, net — 95
Tax withholding for share based compensation — (58)
Repurchase of common stock (3) 3 (1,000)
Balance at September 30, 2022 69 $ 1 $ 2,604 $ 9,017 45 $ (4,957) $ (312)


		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021													Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
		Common Stock							Treasury Stock						Common Stock							Treasury Stock
		Number of Shares (1) (2)	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Number of Shares	Amount		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (3)			Number of Shares (1)	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Number of Shares	Amount		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (2)
Balance at December 31, 2020		72	$	1	$	2,482	$	6,165	42	$	(3,957)	$	(146)
Balance at December 31, 2021														Balance at December 31, 2021	72	$	1	$	2,567	$	7,551	42	$	(3,957)	$	(171)
Net income	Net income						905							Net income						367
Foreign currency translation adjustments	Foreign currency translation adjustments											(24)		Foreign currency translation adjustments											17
Fixed price diesel swaps	Fixed price diesel swaps											1		Fixed price diesel swaps											3

Stock compensation expense, net	Stock compensation expense, net	—			89									Stock compensation expense, net	1			24

Tax withholding for share based compensation	Tax withholding for share based compensation	—			(33)									Tax withholding for share based compensation	—			(56)
Repurchase of common stock														Repurchase of common stock	(1)							1	(262)

Balance at September 30, 2021		72	$	1	$	2,538	$	7,070	42	$	(3,957)	$	(169)
Balance at March 31, 2022														Balance at March 31, 2022	72	$	1	$	2,535	$	7,918	43	$	(4,219)	$	(151)

(1)~~Amounts may not foot due to rounding.~~

~~(2)~~Common stock outstanding ~~increased~~decreased by ~~less than one~~approximately three million net shares during the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

~~(3)~~(2)The Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss balance primarily reflects foreign currency translation adjustments.

(3)In January 2023, our Board of Directors approved our first-ever quarterly dividend program (accordingly, there were no dividends declared during 2022). We declared dividends of $1.48 per share during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

See accompanying notes.

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(In millions)


		Nine Months Ended					Three Months Ended
		September 30,					March 31,
		2022		2021			2023		2022
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:	Cash Flows From Operating Activities:					Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net income	Net income	$	1,466	$	905	Net income	$	451	$	367
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:					Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	1,640		1,451		Depreciation and amortization	693		532
Amortization of deferred financing costs and original issue discounts	Amortization of deferred financing costs and original issue discounts	9		9		Amortization of deferred financing costs and original issue discounts	4		3
Gain on sales of rental equipment	Gain on sales of rental equipment	(325)		(271)		Gain on sales of rental equipment	(190)		(116)
Gain on sales of non-rental equipment	Gain on sales of non-rental equipment	(6)		(6)		Gain on sales of non-rental equipment	(4)		(2)
Insurance proceeds from damaged equipment	Insurance proceeds from damaged equipment	(25)		(19)		Insurance proceeds from damaged equipment	(9)		(7)
Stock compensation expense, net	Stock compensation expense, net	95		89		Stock compensation expense, net	24		24
Merger related costs		—		3

Restructuring charge	Restructuring charge	—		1		Restructuring charge	1		—
Loss on repurchase/redemption of debt securities		17		30

Increase in deferred taxes	Increase in deferred taxes	130		157		Increase in deferred taxes	35		37
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of amounts acquired:	Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of amounts acquired:					Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of amounts acquired:
Increase in accounts receivable		(261)		(224)
(Increase) decrease in inventory		(33)		8
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable						(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable	(13)		76
Increase in inventory						Increase in inventory	(2)		(13)
Decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets	Decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets	70		306		Decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets	125		61
Increase in accounts payable		332		548
Increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities		73		34
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable						(Decrease) increase in accounts payable	(25)		10
Decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities						Decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities	(151)		(86)
Net cash provided by operating activities	Net cash provided by operating activities	3,182		3,021		Net cash provided by operating activities	939		886
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:	Cash Flows From Investing Activities:					Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Purchases of rental equipment	Purchases of rental equipment	(2,456)		(2,308)		Purchases of rental equipment	(797)		(482)
Purchases of non-rental equipment and intangible assets	Purchases of non-rental equipment and intangible assets	(182)		(142)		Purchases of non-rental equipment and intangible assets	(73)		(55)
Proceeds from sales of rental equipment	Proceeds from sales of rental equipment	556		644		Proceeds from sales of rental equipment	388		211
Proceeds from sales of non-rental equipment	Proceeds from sales of non-rental equipment	15		20		Proceeds from sales of non-rental equipment	12		5
Insurance proceeds from damaged equipment	Insurance proceeds from damaged equipment	25		19		Insurance proceeds from damaged equipment	9		7
Purchases of other companies, net of cash acquired	Purchases of other companies, net of cash acquired	(323)		(1,435)		Purchases of other companies, net of cash acquired	(299)		(77)
Purchases of investments	Purchases of investments	(5)		(1)		Purchases of investments	—		(3)
Net cash used in investing activities	Net cash used in investing activities	(2,370)		(3,203)		Net cash used in investing activities	(760)		(394)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:	Cash Flows From Financing Activities:					Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Proceeds from debt	Proceeds from debt	5,219		7,030		Proceeds from debt	2,330		1,155
Payments of debt	Payments of debt	(5,026)		(6,694)		Payments of debt	(2,110)		(1,372)

Common stock repurchased, including tax withholdings for share based compensation	Common stock repurchased, including tax withholdings for share based compensation	(1,058)		(33)		Common stock repurchased, including tax withholdings for share based compensation	(303)		(318)
Payments of financing costs		(9)		(8)

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(874)		295
Dividends paid						Dividends paid	(103)		—
Net cash used in financing activities						Net cash used in financing activities	(186)		(535)
Effect of foreign exchange rates	Effect of foreign exchange rates	(6)		5		Effect of foreign exchange rates	—		—
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(68)		118
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents						Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(7)		(43)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	144		202		Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	106		144
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	76	$	320	Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	99	$	101
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:	Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:					Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes, net	Cash paid for income taxes, net	$	295	$	151	Cash paid for income taxes, net	$	29	$	10
Cash paid for interest	Cash paid for interest	339		362		Cash paid for interest	178		149

See accompanying notes.

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

1. Organization, Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

United Rentals, Inc. (“Holdings,” “URI” or the “Company”) is principally a holding company and conducts its operations primarily through its wholly owned subsidiary, United Rentals (North America), Inc. (“URNA”), and subsidiaries of URNA. Holdings’ primary asset is its sole ownership of all issued and outstanding shares of common stock of URNA. URNA’s various credit agreements and debt instruments place restrictions on its ability to transfer funds to its shareholder.

We rent equipment to a diverse customer base that includes construction and industrial companies, manufacturers, utilities, municipalities, homeowners and government entities. We primarily operate in the United States and Canada, and have a limited presence in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to renting equipment, we sell new and used rental equipment, as well as related contractor supplies, parts and service.

We have prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with the accounting policies described in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022 (the ~~“2021~~“2022 Form 10-K”) and the interim reporting requirements of Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K.

In our opinion, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of financial condition, operating results and cash flows for the interim periods presented have been made. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results of the full year.

~~COVID-19~~

The novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) was first identified in people in late 2019. COVID-19 spread rapidly throughout the world and, in March 2020, the World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. COVID-19 is a pandemic of respiratory disease spreading from person-to-person that poses a serious public health risk. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted supply chains and businesses around the world. Uncertainty remains regarding the ongoing impact of existing and emerging variant strains of COVID-19 on the operations and financial position of United Rentals, and on the global economy. Uncertainty also remains regarding the length of time it will take for the COVID-19 pandemic to ultimately subside or become viewed as endemic, which will be impacted by the effectiveness of vaccines against COVID-19 (including against emerging variant strains), and by measures that may in the future be implemented to protect public health. The health and safety of our employees and customers remains our top priority, and we have implemented a detailed COVID-19 response plan, which is explained in more detail in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and which we believe helped mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on our results.

We began to experience a decline in revenues in March 2020, when rental volume declined in response to shelter-in-place orders and other market restrictions. The volume declines were more pronounced in 2020 than 2021, and we have seen continuing evidence of recovery across our construction and industrial markets, as well as encouraging gains in end-market indicators, as reflected in our 2022 forecast and performance through September 30, 2022. COVID-19 is discussed in more detail throughout “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

2. Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition Accounting Standards

We recognize revenue in accordance with two different accounting standards: 1) Topic 606 (which addresses revenue from contracts with customers) and 2) Topic 842 (which addresses lease revenue). Under Topic 606, revenue from contracts with customers is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract with the customer, and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to a customer, and is the unit of account under Topic 606. As reflected below, most of our revenue is accounted for under Topic 842. Our contracts with customers generally do not include multiple performance obligations. We recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for such products or services.

Nature of goods and services

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

~~Nature of goods and services~~

In the following table, revenue is summarized by type and by the applicable accounting standard.
Three Months Ended September 30,
2022 2021
Topic 842 Topic 606 Total Topic 842 Topic 606 Total
Revenues:
Owned equipment rentals $ 2,238 $ — $ 2,238 $ 1,897 $ — $ 1,897
Re-rent revenue 72 — 72 61 — 61
Ancillary and other rental revenues:
Delivery and pick-up — 221 221 — 173 173
Other 163 38 201 115 31 146
Total ancillary and other rental revenues 163 259 422 115 204 319
Total equipment rentals 2,473 259 2,732 2,073 204 2,277
Sales of rental equipment — 181 181 — 183 183
Sales of new equipment — 32 32 — 47 47
Contractor supplies sales — 32 32 — 29 29
Service and other revenues — 74 74 — 60 60
Total revenues $ 2,473 $ 578 $ 3,051 $ 2,073 $ 523 $ 2,596


		Nine Months Ended September 30,												Three Months Ended March 31,
				2022						2021								2023						2022
		Topic 842		Topic 606		Total		Topic 842		Topic 606		Total				Topic 842		Topic 606		Total		Topic 842		Topic 606		Total
Revenues:	Revenues:														Revenues:
Owned equipment rentals	Owned equipment rentals	$	6,053	$	—	$	6,053	$	4,937	$	—	$	4,937		Owned equipment rentals	$	2,266	$	—	$	2,266	$	1,797	$	—	$	1,797
Re-rent revenue	Re-rent revenue	176		—		176		135		—		135			Re-rent revenue	52		—		52		49		—		49
Ancillary and other rental revenues:	Ancillary and other rental revenues:														Ancillary and other rental revenues:
Delivery and pick-up	Delivery and pick-up	—		583		583		—		437		437			Delivery and pick-up	—		203		203		—		157		157
Other	Other	429		128		557		296		90		386			Other	165		54		219		124		48		172
Total ancillary and other rental revenues	Total ancillary and other rental revenues	429		711		1,140		296		527		823			Total ancillary and other rental revenues	165		257		422		124		205		329
Total equipment rentals	Total equipment rentals	6,658		711		7,369		5,368		527		5,895			Total equipment rentals	2,483		257		2,740		1,970		205		2,175
Sales of rental equipment	Sales of rental equipment	—		556		556		—		644		644			Sales of rental equipment	—		388		388		—		211		211
Sales of new equipment	Sales of new equipment	—		115		115		—		153		153			Sales of new equipment	—		44		44		—		45		45
Contractor supplies sales	Contractor supplies sales	—		94		94		—		80		80			Contractor supplies sales	—		34		34		—		29		29
Service and other revenues	Service and other revenues	—		212		212		—		168		168			Service and other revenues	—		79		79		—		64		64
Total revenues	Total revenues	$	6,658	$	1,688	$	8,346	$	5,368	$	1,572	$	6,940		Total revenues	$	2,483	$	802	$	3,285	$	1,970	$	554	$	2,524

Revenues by reportable segment are presented in note 4 of the condensed consolidated financial statements, using the revenue captions reflected in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The majority of our revenue is recognized in our general rentals segment and in the U.S. (for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022, 73~~March 31, 2023, 75 percent and 9091 percent, respectively). We believe that the disaggregation of our revenue from contracts to customers as reflected above, coupled with the further discussion below and the reportable segment disclosures in note 4, depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Lease revenues (Topic 842)

The accounting for the types of revenue that are accounted for under Topic 842 is discussed below.

Owned equipment rentals represent our most significant revenue type (they accounted for 7369 percent of total revenues for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022)~~March 31, 2023) and are governed by our standard rental contract. We account for such rentals as operating leases. The lease terms are included in our contracts, and the determination of whether our contracts contain leases generally does not require significant assumptions or judgments. Our lease revenues do not include material amounts of variable payments.

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~~UNITED RENTALS, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)~~

~~(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~

Owned equipment rentals: Owned equipment rentals represent revenues from renting equipment that we own. We do not generally provide an option for the lessee to purchase the rented equipment at the end of the lease, and do not generate material revenue from sales of equipment under such options.

We recognize revenues from renting equipment on a straight-line basis. Our rental contract periods are hourly, daily, weekly or monthly. By way of example, if a customer were to rent a piece of equipment and the daily, weekly and monthly rental rates for that particular piece were (in actual dollars) $100, $300 and $900, respectively, we would recognize revenue of $32.14 per day. The daily rate for recognition purposes is calculated by dividing the monthly rate of $900 by the monthly term of 28 days. This daily rate assumes that the equipment will be on rent for the full 28 days, as we are unsure of when the customer will return the equipment and therefore unsure of which rental contract period will apply.

As part of this straight-line methodology, when the equipment is returned, we recognize as incremental revenue the excess, if any, between the amount the customer is contractually required to pay, which is based on the rental contract period applicable to the actual number of days the equipment was out on rent, over the cumulative amount of revenue recognized to date. In any given accounting period, we will have customers return equipment and be contractually required to pay us more than the cumulative amount of revenue recognized to date under the straight-line methodology. For instance, continuing the above example, if the customer rented the above piece of equipment on December 29 and returned it at the close of business on January 1, we would recognize incremental revenue on January 1 of $171.44 (in actual dollars, representing the difference between the amount the customer is contractually required to pay, or $300 at the weekly rate, and the cumulative amount recognized to date on a straight-line basis, or $128.56, which represents four days at $32.14 per day).

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

We record amounts billed to customers in excess of recognizable revenue as deferred revenue on our balance sheet. We had deferred revenue (associated with both Topic 842 and Topic 606) of ~~$126~~$129 and ~~$83~~$131 as of ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

As noted above, we are unsure of when the customer will return rented equipment. As such, we do not know how much the customer will owe us upon return of the equipment and cannot provide a maturity analysis of future lease payments. Our equipment is generally rented for short periods of time. Lessees do not provide residual value guarantees on rented equipment.

We expect to derive significant future benefits from our equipment following the end of the rental term. Our rentals are generally short-term in nature, and our equipment is typically rented for the majority of the time that we own it. We additionally recognize revenue from sales of rental equipment when we dispose of the equipment.

Re-rent revenue: Re-rent revenue reflects revenues from equipment that we rent from vendors and then rent to our customers. We account for such rentals as subleases. The accounting for re-rent revenue is the same as the accounting for owned equipment rentals described above.

“Other” equipment rental revenue is primarily comprised of 1) Rental Protection Plan (or "RPP") revenue associated with the damage waiver customers can purchase when they rent our equipment to protect against potential loss or damage, 2) environmental charges associated with the rental of equipment, 3) charges for rented equipment that is damaged by our customers and 4) charges for setup and other services performed on rented equipment.

Revenues from contracts with customers (Topic 606)

The accounting for the types of revenue that are accounted for under Topic 606 is discussed below. Substantially all of our revenues under Topic 606 are recognized at a point-in-time rather than over time.

Delivery and pick-up: Delivery and pick-up revenue associated with renting equipment is recognized when the service is performed.

“Other” equipment rental revenue is primarily comprised of revenues associated with the consumption of fuel by our customers which are recognized when the equipment is returned by the customer (and consumption, if any, can be measured).

Sales of rental equipment, new equipment and contractor supplies are recognized at the time of delivery to, or pick-up by, the customer and when collectibility is probable.

Service and other revenues primarily represent revenues earned from providing repair and maintenance services on our customers’ fleet (including parts sales). Service revenue is recognized as the services are performed.

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

Receivables and contract assets and liabilities

As reflected above, most of our equipment rental revenue is accounted for under Topic 842 (such revenue represented 8076 percent of our total revenues for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022)~~March 31, 2023). The customers that are responsible for the remaining revenue that is accounted for under Topic 606 are generally the same customers that rent our equipment. We manage credit risk associated with our accounts receivables at the customer level. Because the same customers generate the revenues that are accounted for under both Topic 606 and Topic 842, the discussions below on credit risk and our allowance for credit losses address receivables arising from revenues from both Topic 606 and Topic 842.

Concentration of credit risk with respect to our receivables is limited because a large number of geographically diverse customers makes up our customer base. Our largest customer accounted for less than one percent of total revenues for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, and for each of the last three full years. Our customer with the largest receivable balance represented approximately one percent of total receivables at ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. We manage credit risk through credit approvals, credit limits and other monitoring procedures.

Our allowance for credit losses reflects our estimate of the amount of our receivables that we will be unable to collect based on historical write-off experience and, as applicable, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect collectibility. Our estimate could require change based on changing circumstances, including changes in the economy or in the particular circumstances of individual customers. Accordingly, we may be required to increase or decrease our allowance. Trade receivables that have contractual maturities of one year or less are written-off when they are determined to be uncollectible based on the criteria necessary to qualify as a deduction for federal tax purposes. Write-offs of such receivables require management approval based on specified dollar thresholds. See the table below for a rollforward of our allowance for credit losses.

The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information from past events, including historical experiences, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect collectibility. Trade receivables are the only material financial asset we have that is subject to the requirement to measure expected credit losses as noted above, as this requirement does not apply to receivables arising from operating lease revenues. Substantially all of our non-lease trade receivables are due in one year or less. As discussed above, most of our equipment rental revenue is accounted for as lease revenue (such revenue represented 8076 percent of our total revenues for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, and these revenues account for corresponding portions of the ~~$1.934~~$2.034 billion of net accounts receivable and the associated allowance for credit losses of ~~$123~~$146 as of ~~September 30, 2022)~~March 31, 2023).

As discussed above, most of our equipment rental revenue is accounted for under Topic 842. The customers that are responsible for the remaining revenue that is accounted for under Topic 606 are generally the same customers that rent our equipment. We manage credit risk associated with our accounts receivables at the customer level. The rollforward of our allowance for credit losses (in total, and associated with revenues arising from both Topic 606 and Topic 842) is shown below.


		Three Months Ended September 30, 2022		Three Months Ended September 30, 2021		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021			Three Months Ended March 31, 2023		Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Beginning balance	Beginning balance	$	117	$	112	$	112	$	108	Beginning balance	$	134	$	112

Charged to costs and expenses (1)	Charged to costs and expenses (1)	3		1		6		3		Charged to costs and expenses (1)	3		1
Charged to revenue (2)	Charged to revenue (2)	11		8		28		17		Charged to revenue (2)	13		8
Deductions and other (3)	Deductions and other (3)	(8)		(6)		(23)		(13)		Deductions and other (3)	(4)		(5)
Ending balance	Ending balance	$	123	$	115	$	123	$	115	Ending balance	$	146	$	116

_________________

(1) Reflects bad debt expenses recognized within selling, general and administrative expenses (associated with Topic 606 revenues).

(2) Primarily reflects credit losses associated with lease revenues that were recognized as a reduction to equipment rentals revenue (primarily associated with Topic 842 revenues).

(3) Primarily represents write-offs of accounts, net of immaterial recoveries and other activity.

We do not have material contract assets, or impairment losses associated therewith, or material contract liabilities, associated with contracts with customers. Our contracts with customers do not generally result in material amounts billed to

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

customers in excess of recognizable revenue. We did not recognize material revenue during the three ~~or nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2023 or 2022 ~~or 2021~~ that was included in the contract liability balance as of the beginning of such periods.

Performance obligations

Most of our Topic 606 revenue is recognized at a point-in-time, rather than over time. Accordingly, in any particular period, we do not generally recognize a significant amount of revenue from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods, and the amounts of such revenue recognized during the three ~~or nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022 ~~and 2021~~ were not material. We also do not expect to recognize material revenue in the future related to performance obligations that were unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of ~~September 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023.

Payment terms

Our Topic 606 revenues do not include material amounts of variable consideration. Our payment terms vary by the type and location of our customer and the products or services offered. The time between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. Our contracts do not generally include a significant financing component. For certain products or services and customer types, we require payment before the products or services are delivered to the customer. Our contracts with customers do not generally result in significant obligations associated with returns, refunds or warranties. See above for a discussion of how we manage credit risk.

Revenue is recognized net of taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Contract costs

We do not recognize any assets associated with the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer (for example, a sales commission) that we expect to recover. Most of our revenue is recognized at a point-in-time or over a period of one year or less, and we use the practical expedient that allows us to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that we otherwise would have recognized is one year or less.

Contract estimates and judgments

Our revenues accounted for under Topic 606 generally do not require significant estimates or judgments, primarily for the following reasons:

•The transaction price is generally fixed and stated in our contracts;

•As noted above, our contracts generally do not include multiple performance obligations, and accordingly do not generally require estimates of the standalone selling price for each performance obligation;

•Our revenues do not include material amounts of variable consideration, or result in significant obligations associated with returns, refunds or warranties; and

•Most of our revenue is recognized as of a point-in-time and the timing of the satisfaction of the applicable performance obligations is readily determinable. As noted above, our Topic 606 revenue is generally recognized at the time of delivery to, or pick-up by, the customer.

Our revenues accounted for under Topic 842 also generally do not require significant estimates or judgments. We monitor and review our estimated standalone selling prices on a regular basis.

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

3. Acquisitions

On ~~May 25, 2021,~~December 7, 2022, we completed the acquisition of ~~General Finance. General Finance previously operated~~assets of Ahern Rentals, Inc. ("Ahern Rentals"), which was accounted for as ~~Pac-Van~~a business combination. Ahern Rentals was the eighth largest equipment rental company in North America and ~~Container King~~served customers primarily in the ~~U.S.~~construction and Canada, and as Royal Wolf in Australia and New Zealand, and was a leading provider of mobile storage and modular office space. Its network served diverse end-markets, including construction, commercial, industrial retail, transportation, petrochemical, consumer, natural resources, governmental and education. As of March 31, 2021, General Finance’s rental fleet consisted of approximately 100,000 units at an original cost of approximately $650. For the 12 months ended December 31, 2020, General Finance had revenues of $342 (such amount represents General Finance’s historic revenue presented in accordance with our revenue mapping).sectors across 30 states. The acquisition:

• ~~Complemented~~Increased capacity in key geographies, with concentrations on both U.S. coasts and in the Gulf region;

• Increased availability of high-demand aerial and material handling equipment for our ~~leading positions in general construction~~customers; and ~~industrial rentals and specialty rentals, which further differentiated us through our ability to deliver value as a one-stop-shop for customers;~~

• Created immediate cross-sell opportunities ~~and allowed us~~ to ~~introduce mobile storage and modular office solutions in service areas that previously were not served by General Finance; and~~

~~• Provided entry into Australia and New Zealand, with~~ an ~~established platform run by a seasoned management team, and with a strong growth strategy already in place.~~expanded customer base.

The aggregate consideration paid to acquire ~~General Finance~~Ahern Rentals was ~~$1.032~~$2.012 billion. The acquisition and related fees and expenses were funded through ~~available cash~~the issuance of $1.5 billion principal amount of 6 percent Senior Secured Notes and drawings on our senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility (“ABL facility”).

The ~~following~~ table below summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The initial accounting for the acquisition is incomplete, principally related to finalizing 1) the measurement of the acquired net working capital, 2) the valuation of the acquired rental equipment (inclusive of the completion of our usual and customary procedures to validate the existence of the acquired rental fleet) and intangible assets and 3) the associated income tax considerations. All amounts below could change, potentially materially, as there is significant additional information that we must obtain to finalize the valuations of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, primarily because of the proximity of the acquisition date to the balance sheet date of March 31, 2023. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recognized measurement period adjustments primarily to establish preliminary values for intangibles assets and lease assets and liabilities. These adjustments resulted in a substantial reduction to goodwill versus the previously reported amount (see note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of goodwill changes). Non-rental depreciation and amortization for the three months ended March 31, 2023 includes $8 of intangible asset amortization that would have been recognized in 2022 if the intangible asset values had been preliminarily established as of December 31, 2022.


~~Cash and cash equivalents~~	$	13
~~Accounts receivable (1)~~	44
Inventory	36$	30

Rental equipment	~~682~~1,290
Property and equipment	42187
Intangibles ~~(2)~~(1)	~~123~~450
Operating lease right-of-use assets	59211
Other assets	239
Total identifiable assets acquired	~~1,022~~2,177

~~Current~~Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	~~(92)~~(33)
~~Deferred taxes~~	~~(118)~~
Operating lease liabilities	~~(44)~~(199)
Debt (finance leases)	(38)
Total liabilities assumed	~~(254)~~(270)
Net identifiable assets acquired	~~768~~1,907
Goodwill ~~(3)~~(2)	~~264~~105
Net assets acquired	$	~~1,032~~2,012

(1)~~The fair value of accounts receivables acquired was $44, and the gross contractual amount was $50. We estimated that $6 would be uncollectible.~~

~~(2)~~The following table reflects the fair values and useful lives of the acquired intangible assets identified based on our preliminary purchase accounting assessments:


		Fair value		Life (years)		Fair value		Life (years)
Customer relationships	Customer relationships	$	116	7	Customer relationships	$	260	9
Trade names and associated trademarks		7		5

Non-compete agreements					Non-compete agreements	190		5
Total	Total	$	123		Total	$	450

~~(3)~~(2)All of the goodwill was assigned to our ~~specialty~~general rentals segment. ~~The level~~As noted above, we have not yet obtained all the information required to finalize the valuations of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. As such, goodwill could change from the amount noted above. Once finalized, we expect that the goodwill that ~~resulted~~results from the acquisition iswill be primarily reflective of ~~General Finance's~~Ahern Rentals' going-concern value, the value of ~~General Finance's~~Ahern Rentals' assembled workforce and new customer

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

~~workforce and new customer~~ relationships expected to arise from the acquisition. ~~$28~~All of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax ~~purposes.~~purposes (because the acquisition is a purchase of assets, the goodwill that is deductible for income tax purposes equals the total acquired goodwill. As noted above, goodwill could change from the amount above).

The ~~three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 included General Finance acquisition-related~~debt issuance costs ~~which~~associated with the issuance of debt to partially fund the acquisition are ~~included~~reflected, net of amortization subsequent to the acquisition date, in ~~“Merger related costs”~~long-term debt in our ~~condensed~~ consolidated ~~statements~~balance sheets. Additionally, in the first quarter of ~~income.~~2023, we initiated a restructuring program following the closing of the Ahern Rentals acquisition. For additional information on the restructuring charges, which generally involve the closure of a large number of branches over a short period of time, often in periods following a major acquisition, see "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Results of Operations-Other costs/(income)-restructuring charges" below.

It is not practicable to reasonably estimate the amounts of revenue and earnings of ~~General Finance~~Ahern Rentals since the acquisition date, primarily due to the movement of fleet between URI locations and the acquired ~~General Finance~~Ahern Rentals locations, as well as our corporate structure and the allocation of corporate costs.

Pro forma financial information

The pro forma information below gives effect to the ~~General Finance~~Ahern Rentals acquisition as if it had been completed on January 1, ~~2020 (the "pro forma acquisition date”).~~2021. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of our results had the acquisition been completed on the above date, nor is it necessarily indicative of our future results. The pro forma information reflects ~~General Finance’s~~Ahern Rentals’ historic revenue presented in accordance with our revenue mapping, does not reflect any cost savings from operating efficiencies or synergies that could result from the acquisition, and also does not reflect additional revenue opportunities following the acquisition. The pro forma information includes adjustments to record the acquired assets and liabilities of ~~General Finance~~Ahern Rentals at their respective fair values and to give effect to the financing for the acquisition. The pro forma adjustments reflected in the table below are subject to change as additional analysis is performed. The purchase price allocations for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on preliminary valuations and are subject to change as we obtain additional information during the acquisition measurement period. Increases or decreases in the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired may impact our statements of income in future periods. The table below presents unaudited pro forma consolidated income statement information as if ~~General Finance~~Ahern Rentals had been included in our consolidated results for the entire period reflected:

Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
September 30, September 30,
2021 2021
United Rentals historic revenues $ 2,596 $ 6,940
General Finance historic revenues — 144
Pro forma revenues 2,596 7,084
United Rentals historic pretax income 550 1,202
General Finance historic pretax (loss) income — 9
Combined pretax income 550 1,211
Pro forma adjustments to combined pretax income:
Impact of fair value mark-ups/useful life changes on depreciation (1) — (11)
Impact of the fair value mark-up of acquired fleet on cost of rental equipment sales (2) — (6)
Intangible asset amortization (3) 1 (11)
Interest expense (4) — (6)
Elimination of historic interest (5) — 23
Elimination of merger related costs (6) — 12
Elimination of changes in the valuation of bifurcated derivatives in convertible notes (7) — (16)
Pro forma pretax income $ 551 $ 1,196


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
		2022
United Rentals historic revenues		$	2,524
Ahern Rentals historic revenues		203
Pro forma revenues		2,727
United Rentals historic pretax income		483
Ahern Rentals historic pretax (loss) income		(9)
Combined pretax income		474
Pro forma adjustments to combined pretax income:
Impact of fair value mark-ups/useful life changes on depreciation (1)		(25)
Impact of the fair value mark-up of acquired fleet on cost of rental equipment sales (2)		(10)
Intangible asset amortization (3)		(21)

Interest expense (4)		(25)
Elimination of historic interest (5)		13

Elimination of historic legal and financing costs (6)		2




Pro forma pretax income		$	408

________________

(1) Depreciation of rental equipment and non-rental depreciation were adjusted for the fair value mark-ups, and the changes in useful lives and salvage values, of the equipment acquired in the ~~General Finance~~Ahern Rentals acquisition.

(2) Cost of rental equipment sales was adjusted for the fair value mark-ups, and the changes in useful lives and salvage values, of rental equipment acquired in the ~~General Finance~~Ahern Rentals acquisition.

~~(3) Intangible asset amortization was adjusted to include amortization of the acquired intangible assets.~~

~~(4) As discussed above, we funded the General Finance acquisition using drawings on our ABL facility. Interest expense was adjusted to reflect interest on the ABL facility borrowings.~~

~~(5) Historic interest on debt that is not part of the combined entity was eliminated. The adjustment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 includes a debt redemption loss of $12.~~

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

~~(6) Merger~~(3) Intangible asset amortization was adjusted to include amortization of the acquired intangible assets.

(4) As discussed above, the acquisition and related ~~costs primarily comprised~~fees and expenses were funded through the issuance of ~~financial~~senior notes and ~~legal advisory fees associated with~~drawings on our ABL facility. Interest expense was adjusted to reflect interest on the ~~General Finance acquisition were eliminated as they were assumed~~debt used to ~~have been recognized prior to the pro forma acquisition date. The adjustment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 includes $9 of merger related costs recognized by General Finance prior to~~finance the acquisition.

(7) General Finance historically recognized changes in the valuation of bifurcated derivatives in convertible notes in its statements of operations. These historic changes were eliminated because the bifurcated derivatives are(5) Historic interest on debt that is not part of the combined ~~entity.~~entity was eliminated.

(6) Reflects legal and financing costs incurred by Ahern Rentals that do not relate to the combined entity (specifically, legal costs related to a particular lawsuit and costs related to an attempted financing).

During 2023 and 2022, we completed ~~a series of~~other acquisitions ~~which~~that were not significant individually or in the aggregate. See the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the total cash outflow for purchases of other companies, net of cash acquired.

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

4. Segment Information

Our reportable segments are i) general rentals and ii) specialty. For general rentals, the divisions discussed below, which are our operating segments, are aggregated into the reportable segment. The specialty segment is a single division that is both an operating segment and a reportable segment. We believe that the divisions that are aggregated into our reportable segments have similar economic characteristics, as each division is capital intensive, offers similar products to similar customers, uses similar methods to distribute its products, and is subject to similar competitive risks. The aggregation of our divisions also reflects the management structure that we use for making operating decisions and assessing performance. We evaluate segment performance primarily based on segment equipment rentals gross profit.

The general rentals segment includes the rental of i) general construction and industrial equipment, such as backhoes, skid-steer loaders, forklifts, earthmoving equipment and material handling equipment, ii) aerial work platforms, such as boom lifts and scissor lifts and iii) general tools and light equipment, such as pressure washers, water pumps and power tools. The general rentals segment reflects the aggregation of four geographic divisions—Central, Northeast, Southeast and West—and operates throughout the United States and Canada.

The specialty segment, which, as noted above, is a single division that is both an operating segment and a reportable segment, includes the rental of specialty construction products such as i) trench safety equipment, such as trench shields, aluminum hydraulic shoring systems, slide rails, crossing plates, construction lasers and line testing equipment for underground work, ii) power and HVAC equipment, such as portable diesel generators, electrical distribution equipment, and temperature control equipment, iii) fluid solutions equipment primarily used for fluid containment, transfer and treatment, and iv) mobile storage equipment and modular office space. The specialty segment’s customers include construction companies involved in infrastructure projects, municipalities and industrial companies. This segment primarily operates in the United States and Canada, and has a limited presence in Europe, Australia and New Zealand.

The following tables set forth financial information by segment.


	General rentals		Specialty		Total


















Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Equipment rentals	$	2,018	$	722	$	2,740
Sales of rental equipment	350		38		388
Sales of new equipment	18		26		44
Contractor supplies sales	21		13		34
Service and other revenues	72		7		79
Total revenue	2,479		806		3,285
Depreciation and amortization expense	577		116		693
Equipment rentals gross profit	663		340		1,003
Capital expenditures	683		187		870
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Equipment rentals	$	1,593	$	582	$	2,175
Sales of rental equipment	184		27		211
Sales of new equipment	29		16		45
Contractor supplies sales	18		11		29
Service and other revenues	58		6		64
Total revenue	1,882		642		2,524
Depreciation and amortization expense	422		110		532
Equipment rentals gross profit	575		259		834
Capital expenditures	394		143		537

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

~~The following tables set forth financial information by segment.~~
General
rentals Specialty Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Equipment rentals $ 1,942 $ 790 $ 2,732
Sales of rental equipment 152 29 181
Sales of new equipment 12 20 32
Contractor supplies sales 20 12 32
Service and other revenues 67 7 74
Total revenue 2,193 858 3,051
Depreciation and amortization expense 450 110 560
Equipment rentals gross profit 797 412 1,209
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Equipment rentals $ 1,636 $ 641 $ 2,277
Sales of rental equipment 154 29 183
Sales of new equipment 31 16 47
Contractor supplies sales 19 10 29
Service and other revenues 54 6 60
Total revenue 1,894 702 2,596
Depreciation and amortization expense 412 98 510
Equipment rentals gross profit 649 330 979
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Equipment rentals $ 5,322 $ 2,047 $ 7,369
Sales of rental equipment 474 82 556
Sales of new equipment 58 57 115
Contractor supplies sales 60 34 94
Service and other revenues 188 24 212
Total revenue 6,102 2,244 8,346
Depreciation and amortization expense 1,300 340 1,640
Equipment rentals gross profit 2,063 983 3,046
Capital expenditures 1,995 643 2,638
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Equipment rentals $ 4,375 $ 1,520 $ 5,895
Sales of rental equipment 567 77 644
Sales of new equipment 111 42 153
Contractor supplies sales 53 27 80
Service and other revenues 148 20 168
Total revenue 5,254 1,686 6,940
Depreciation and amortization expense 1,184 267 1,451
Equipment rentals gross profit 1,586 721 2,307
Capital expenditures 2,116 334 2,450

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~~UNITED RENTALS, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)~~

~~(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~


		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total reportable segment assets	Total reportable segment assets					Total reportable segment assets
General rentals	General rentals	$	16,953	$	16,087	General rentals	$	19,944	$	19,604
Specialty	Specialty	4,466		4,205		Specialty	4,685		4,579
Total assets	Total assets	$	21,419	$	20,292	Total assets	$	24,629	$	24,183

Equipment rentals gross profit is the primary measure management reviews to make operating decisions and assess segment performance. The following is a reconciliation of equipment rentals gross profit to income before provision for income taxes:


		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended					Three Months Ended
		September 30,				September 30,					March 31,
		2022		2021		2022		2021				2023		2022
Total equipment rentals gross profit	Total equipment rentals gross profit	$	1,209	$	979	$	3,046	$	2,307	Total equipment rentals gross profit		$	1,003	$	834
Gross profit from other lines of business	Gross profit from other lines of business	157		124		462		385		Gross profit from other lines of business		238		158
Selling, general and administrative expenses	Selling, general and administrative expenses	(356)		(326)		(1,022)		(877)		Selling, general and administrative expenses		(382)		(323)
Merger related costs (1)		—		—		—		(3)

Restructuring charge ~~(2)~~(1)	Restructuring charge ~~(2)~~(1)	1		—		—		(1)		Restructuring charge ~~(2)~~(1)		(1)		—
Non-rental depreciation and amortization	Non-rental depreciation and amortization	(90)		(98)		(278)		(279)		Non-rental depreciation and amortization		(118)		(97)
Interest expense, net	Interest expense, net	(106)		(132)		(313)		(331)		Interest expense, net		(150)		(94)

Other income, net	Other income, net	1		3		12		1		Other income, net		4		5
Income before provision for income taxes	Income before provision for income taxes	$	816	$	550	$	1,907	$	1,202	Income before provision for income taxes		$	594	$	483

___________________

(1)Reflects transaction costs associated with the General Finance acquisition discussed above. Merger related costs only include costs associated with major acquisitions completed since 2012 that significantly impact our operations (the "major acquisitions," each of which had annual revenues of over $200 prior to acquisition). For additional information, see "Results of Operations-Other costs/(income)-merger related costs" below.

~~(2)~~Primarily reflects severance and branch closure charges associated with our restructuring programs. For additional information on the restructuring charges, which generally involve the closure of a large number of branches over a short period of time, often in periods following a major acquisition, see "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Results of Operations-Other costs/(income)-restructuring charges" below.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

5. Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets

Prepaid expenses and other assets consist of the following:



	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Equipment (1)	$	12	$	17
Insurance	16		31
Advertising reimbursements (2)	19		25
Income taxes (3)	148		235
Other (4)	72		73




Prepaid expenses and other assets	$	267	$	381

_________________

(1) Reflects refundable deposits on expected purchases, primarily of rental equipment, pursuant to advance purchase agreements. Such deposits are presented as a component of our cash flow from operations when paid.

(2) Reflects reimbursements due for advertising that promotes a vendor’s products or services.

(3) Primarily relates to tax depreciation benefits associated with the Ahern Rentals acquisition discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. The tax depreciation deductions generated by the Ahern Rentals acquisition resulted in an income tax receivable associated with U.S. federal and state tax payments made prior to the acquisition. The decrease reflected above from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023 reflects the use of a portion of the receivable to reduce cash paid for income taxes, and we expect that the remaining receivable will further reduce the cash paid for income taxes throughout the remainder of 2023.

(4) Includes multiple items, none of which are individually significant.

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2023:


	General rentals		Specialty		Total
Balance at January 1, 2023 (1)	$	4,980	$	1,046	$	6,026
Goodwill related to acquisitions (2)	(309)		(11)		(320)
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments	—		2		2
Balance at March 31, 2023 (1)	$	4,671	$	1,037	$	5,708

_________________

(1)The total carrying amount of goodwill for all periods in the table above is reflected net of $1.557 billion of accumulated impairment charges, which were primarily recorded in our general rentals segment.

(2)Includes goodwill adjustments for the effect on goodwill of changes to net assets acquired during the measurement period. The decrease in goodwill related to acquisitions above primarily reflects measurement period adjustments associated with the December 2022 acquisition of Ahern Rentals. For additional detail on the Ahern Rentals acquisition, see note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Other intangible assets were comprised of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	March 31, 2023
	Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization			Net Amount
Non-compete agreements	4 years		$	266		$	38		$	228
Customer relationships	6 years		$	2,647		$	2,011		$	636
Trade names and associated trademarks	3 years		$	14		$	10		$	4


	December 31, 2022
	Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization			Net Amount
Non-compete agreements	3 years		$	69		$	22		$	47
Customer relationships	5 years		$	2,349		$	1,949		$	400
Trade names and associated trademarks	3 years		$	14		$	9		$	5

Our other intangibles assets, net at March 31, 2023 include the assets set forth in the table below associated with the acquisition of Ahern Rentals that is discussed in note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. No residual value has been assigned to these assets. The non-compete agreements are being amortized on a straight-line basis and the customer relationships are being amortized using the sum of the years' digits method, and we believe that such methods best reflect the estimated pattern in which the economic benefits will be consumed. The intangible asset values are based on preliminary valuations and are subject to change as we obtain additional information during the acquisition measurement period.

March 31, 2023

Weighted-Average Remaining
Amortization Period

Net Carrying
Amount

Non-compete agreements

5 years

177

Customer relationships

9 years

243

Amortization expense for other intangible assets was $79 and $62 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The year-over-year increase primarily reflects the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition discussed above.

As of March 31, 2023, estimated amortization expense for other intangible assets for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)


2023		$	199
2024	211
2025	172
2026	130
2027	85
Thereafter	71
Total		$	868

7. Fair Value Measurements

As of ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the amounts of our assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value were immaterial.

Fair value measurements are categorized in one of the following three levels based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety:

Level 1- Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2- Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities include:

a)quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

b)quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;

c)inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability;

d)inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, the Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3- Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity) and significant to the fair value measure.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts reported in our condensed consolidated balance sheets for accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities approximate fair value due to the immediate to short-term maturity of these financial instruments. The fair values of our variable rate debt facilities and finance leases approximated their book values as of ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The estimated fair values of our other financial instruments, all of which are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy, as of ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 have been calculated based upon available market information, and were as follows:

September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Carrying
Amount Fair
Value Carrying
Amount Fair
Value
Senior notes $ 6,224 $ 5,448 $ 6,716 $ 7,023


	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value


Senior notes	$	7,714	$	7,311	$	7,712	$	7,143

6.8. Debt

Debt, net of unamortized original issue discounts or premiums, and unamortized debt issuance costs, consists of the following:

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)


		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Repurchase facility expiring 2023 (1)	Repurchase facility expiring 2023 (1)	$	100	$	—	Repurchase facility expiring 2023 (1)	$	100	$	100
Accounts Receivable Securitization Facility expiring 2024 (1) (2)		1,096		843
Term loan facility expiring 2025 (1)		956		962
$4.25 billion ABL Facility expiring 2027 (1) (3)		1,409		1,029
Accounts receivable securitization facility expiring 2024 (1) (2)						Accounts receivable securitization facility expiring 2024 (1) (2)	879		959
Term loan facility expiring 2025 (1) (3)						Term loan facility expiring 2025 (1) (3)	951		953
$4.25 billion ABL facility expiring 2027 (1)						$4.25 billion ABL facility expiring 2027 (1)	1,838		1,523

5 1/2 percent Senior Notes due 2027 ~~(4)~~	5 1/2 percent Senior Notes due 2027 ~~(4)~~	498		995		5 1/2 percent Senior Notes due 2027 ~~(4)~~	498		498
3 7/8 percent Senior Secured Notes due 2027	3 7/8 percent Senior Secured Notes due 2027	744		743		3 7/8 percent Senior Secured Notes due 2027	745		744
4 7/8 percent Senior Notes due 2028 ~~(5)~~(4)	4 7/8 percent Senior Notes due 2028 ~~(5)~~(4)	1,662		1,660		4 7/8 percent Senior Notes due 2028 ~~(5)~~(4)	1,663		1,663

6 percent Senior Secured Notes due 2029						6 percent Senior Secured Notes due 2029	1,486		1,486
5 1/4 percent Senior Notes due 2030	5 1/4 percent Senior Notes due 2030	744		743		5 1/4 percent Senior Notes due 2030	744		744
4 percent Senior Notes due 2030	4 percent Senior Notes due 2030	743		743		4 percent Senior Notes due 2030	744		743
3 7/8 percent Senior Notes due 2031	3 7/8 percent Senior Notes due 2031	1,090		1,089		3 7/8 percent Senior Notes due 2031	1,090		1,090
3 3/4 percent Senior Notes due 2032	3 3/4 percent Senior Notes due 2032	743		743		3 3/4 percent Senior Notes due 2032	744		744

Finance leases	Finance leases	125		135		Finance leases	166		123

Total debt	Total debt	9,910		9,685		Total debt	11,648		11,370
Less short-term portion ~~(6)~~(5)	Less short-term portion ~~(6)~~(5)	(156)		(906)		Less short-term portion ~~(6)~~(5)	(156)		(161)
Total long-term debt	Total long-term debt	$	9,754	$	8,779	Total long-term debt	$	11,492	$	11,209

___________________

(1)The table below presents financial information associated with our variable rate indebtedness as of and for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022. The repurchase facility is discussed further below (see "Repurchase Facility").~~March 31, 2023. There is no borrowing capacity under ~~this~~the repurchase facility because it is an uncommitted facility. The repurchase facility expires on June 23, 2023 unless extended by the mutual consent of the parties to the repurchase facility agreement. If the facility is not extended, we believe we have sufficient liquidity to repay the outstanding debt under the facility. We have borrowed the full available amount under the term loan facility. The principal obligation under the term loan facility is required to be repaid in quarterly installments in an aggregate amount equal to 1.0 percent per annum, with the balance due at the maturity of the facility. The average amount of debt outstanding under the term loan facility decreases slightly each quarter due to the requirement to repay a portion of the principal obligation.


		ABL facility			Accounts receivable securitization facility			Term loan facility			Repurchase facility			ABL facility			Accounts receivable securitization facility			Term loan facility			Repurchase facility
Borrowing capacity, net of letters of credit	Borrowing capacity, net of letters of credit	$	2,764		$	3		$	—				Borrowing capacity, net of letters of credit	$	2,336		$	220		$	—
Letters of credit	Letters of credit	66											Letters of credit	67
Interest rate at September 30, 2022		4.2		%	3.4		%	4.9		%	3.8	%
Interest rate at March 31, 2023													Interest rate at March 31, 2023	5.9		%	5.7		%	6.6		%	5.9	%
Average month-end debt outstanding	Average month-end debt outstanding	1,152			946			964			75		Average month-end debt outstanding	1,750			966			957			100
Weighted-average interest rate on average debt outstanding	Weighted-average interest rate on average debt outstanding	2.7		%	2.1		%	3.1		%	3.4	%	Weighted-average interest rate on average debt outstanding	5.7		%	5.6		%	6.4		%	5.7	%
Maximum month-end debt outstanding	Maximum month-end debt outstanding	1,621			1,097			968			100		Maximum month-end debt outstanding	1,848			1,100			958			100

(2)In June 2022, the accounts receivable securitization facility was amended, primarily to increase the facility size, extend the maturity date and transition to an interest rate based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"). The size of the facility, which expires on June 24, 2024, was increased to $1.1 billion. The facility may be extended on a 364-day basis by mutual agreement with the purchasers under the facility. See below ("Repurchase Facility") for a discussion of the uncommitted repurchase facility that URNA entered into in connection with the accounts receivable securitization facility amendment. Borrowings under the accounts receivable securitization facility are permitted only to the extent that the face amount of the receivables in the collateral pool, net of applicable reserves and other deductions, exceeds the outstanding loans. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, there were ~~$1.336~~$1.348 billion of receivables, net of applicable reserves and other deductions, in the collateral pool.

(3)In ~~June 2022,~~April 2023, the ~~ABL~~term loan facility was amended ~~primarily~~ to ~~increase the facility size, extend the maturity date and~~ transition to ~~a SOFR-based~~an interest ~~rate. The size of~~rate based on the ~~facility, which expires on June 30, 2027, was increased to $4.25 billion.~~Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR").

(4)~~In May 2022, URNA redeemed $500 principal amount of its 5~~ 1/2 ~~percent Senior Notes. Upon redemption, we recognized a loss of $16, which reflected the difference between the net carrying amount and the total purchase price of the redeemed notes.~~

~~(5)~~URNA separately issued 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes in August 2017 and in September 2017. Following the issuances, URNA consummated an exchange offer pursuant to which most of the 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes issued in September 2017 were exchanged for additional notes fungible with the 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes issued in August 2017. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, the total above is comprised of two separate 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes, one with a book value of ~~$1.658~~$1.659 billion and one with a book value of $4.

(5)Short-term debt primarily reflects borrowings under the repurchase facility and the short-term portion of our finance leases.

Loan Covenants and Compliance

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

~~(6)~~As of ~~September 30, 2022, short-term debt primarily reflected borrowings under the repurchase facility that is discussed further below and the short-term portion of our finance leases. As of December~~March 31, 2021, short-term debt primarily reflected borrowings under our accounts receivable securitization facility. As discussed above, in June 2022, the accounts receivable securitization facility was extended to June 2024, and it was not a short-term debt instrument as of September 30, 2022.

~~Repurchase Facility~~

In June 2022, URNA entered into an uncommitted repurchase facility (the “Repurchase Facility”) pursuant to which it may obtain short-term financing in an amount up to $100, secured by a subordinated note issued to URNA by our U.S. special purpose vehicle which holds receivable assets relating to our accounts receivable securitization facility. Any such repurchase transaction will have a one-month maturity unless terminated earlier as a result of a termination event under the accounts receivable securitization facility or the occurrence of any other event of default under the Repurchase Facility. The Company will guarantee the obligations of URNA under the Repurchase Facility. The Repurchase Facility is scheduled to expire on June 23, 2023, ~~unless extended by the mutual consent of the parties to the Repurchase Facility agreement.~~

~~Loan Covenants and Compliance~~

~~As of September 30, 2022,~~ we were in compliance with the covenants and other provisions of the ABL, accounts receivable securitization, term loan and repurchase facilities and the senior notes. Any failure to be in compliance with any material provision or covenant of these agreements could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and operations.

The only financial covenant that currently exists under the ABL facility is the fixed charge coverage ratio. Subject to certain limited exceptions specified in the ABL facility, the fixed charge coverage ratio covenant under the ABL facility will only apply in the future if specified availability under the ABL facility falls below 10 percent of the maximum revolver amount under the ABL facility. When certain conditions are met, cash and cash equivalents and borrowing base collateral in excess of the ABL facility size may be included when calculating specified availability under the ABL facility. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, specified availability under the ABL facility exceeded the required threshold and, as a result, this financial covenant was inapplicable. Under our accounts receivable securitization facility, we are required, among other things, to maintain certain financial tests relating to: (i) the default ratio, (ii) the delinquency ratio, (iii) the dilution ratio and (iv) days sales outstanding. The accounts receivable securitization facility also requires us to comply with the fixed charge coverage ratio under the ABL facility, to the extent the ratio is applicable under the ABL facility.

7.9. Legal and Regulatory Matters

We are subject to a number of claims and proceedings that generally arise in the ordinary course of our business. These matters include, but are not limited to, general liability claims (including personal injury, property and auto claims), indemnification and guarantee obligations, employee injuries and employment-related claims, self-insurance obligations, contract and real estate matters, and other general business litigation. Based on advice of counsel and available information, including current status or stage of proceeding, and taking into account accruals for matters where we have established them, we currently believe that any liabilities ultimately resulting from such claims and proceedings will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

8.10. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (shares in thousands):

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~~UNITED RENTALS, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)~~

~~(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)~~


		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended					Three Months Ended
		September 30,				September 30,					March 31,
		2022		2021		2022		2021				2023		2022
Numerator:	Numerator:									Numerator:

Net income available to common stockholders	Net income available to common stockholders	$	606	$	409	1,466		905		Net income available to common stockholders		451		367
Denominator:	Denominator:									Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share—weighted-average common shares	Denominator for basic earnings per share—weighted-average common shares	69,854		72,463		71,140		72,419		Denominator for basic earnings per share—weighted-average common shares		69,414		72,372
Effect of dilutive securities:	Effect of dilutive securities:									Effect of dilutive securities:
Employee stock options	Employee stock options	4		4		4		4		Employee stock options		4		4

Restricted stock units	Restricted stock units	195		243		193		255		Restricted stock units		327		308
Denominator for diluted earnings per share—adjusted weighted-average common shares	Denominator for diluted earnings per share—adjusted weighted-average common shares	70,053		72,710		71,337		72,678		Denominator for diluted earnings per share—adjusted weighted-average common shares		69,745		72,684
Basic earnings per share	Basic earnings per share	$	8.69	$	5.65	$	20.61	$	12.49	Basic earnings per share		$	6.50	$	5.07
Diluted earnings per share	Diluted earnings per share	$	8.66	$	5.63	$	20.56	$	12.45	Diluted earnings per share		$	6.47	$	5.05

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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

~~COVID-19~~Global Economic Conditions

~~As discussed~~Our operations are impacted by global economic conditions, including inflation, increased interest rates and supply chain constraints, and we take actions to modify our plans to address such economic conditions. In 2022, for example, we intentionally held back on sales of rental equipment to ensure we had sufficient rental capacity for our customers. To date, our supply chain disruptions have been limited, but we may experience more severe supply chain disruptions in ~~note 1~~the future. Interest rates on our debt instruments have increased recently. For example, in November 2022, URNA issued $1.5 billion aggregate principal amount of senior secured notes at a 6 percent interest rate, while URNA's immediately prior issuance in August 2021 of $750 aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes was at a 3 ¾ percent interest rate. Additionally, the weighted average interest rates on our variable debt instruments were 5.9 percent and 1.6 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We have experienced and are continuing to ~~our condensed consolidated financial statements,~~experience inflationary pressures. A portion of inflationary cost increases is passed on to customers. The most significant cost increases that are passed on to customers are for fuel and delivery, and there are other costs for which the ~~COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted supply chains~~pass through to customers is less direct, such as repairs and ~~businesses around the world. Uncertainty remains regarding the ongoing~~maintenance, and labor. The impact of ~~existing~~inflation and emerging variant strains of COVID-19 on the operations and financial position of United Rentals, and on the global economy. Uncertainty also remains regarding the length of time it will take for the COVID-19 pandemic to ultimately subside or become viewed as endemic, which willincreased interest rates may be ~~impacted by the effectiveness of vaccines against COVID-19 (including against emerging variant strains), and by measures that may~~significant in the ~~future be implemented to protect public health.~~future.

We ~~began~~also continue to ~~experience a decline in revenues in March 2020, which is when~~monitor any developments relating to the ~~World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic~~coronavirus (“COVID-19”). The health and when our rental volume first declined in response to shelter-in-place orders and other market restrictions. The volume declines were more pronounced in 2020 than 2021, and we have seen continuing evidence of recovery across our construction and industrial markets, as well as encouraging gains in end-market indicators, as reflected in our 2022 forecast and performance through September 30, 2022. In early March 2020, we initiated contingency planning ahead of the impact of COVID-19 on our end-markets.

~~Our COVID-19 response plan is focused on five work-streams: 1) ensuring the~~ safety ~~and well-being~~ of our employees and customers ~~2) leveraging~~has been, and remains, our ~~competitive advantages to support the needs of customers, 3) aggressively managing capital expenditures, 4) controlling core operating expenses~~top priority, and ~~5) proactively managing the balance sheet with~~we also implemented a ~~focus on liquidity. We believe that this~~detailed COVID-19 response plan, ~~has~~which we believe helped mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on our results. The COVID-19 impact on our business was most pronounced in 2020, and we have seen evidence of a continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets since 2021. Our ~~previously filed~~ Annual ~~Reports~~Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 and our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed in 2021 and 2020 include ~~additional detailed COVID-19 disclosures. The most~~ detailed disclosures addressing ~~COVID-19 are in~~ the ~~filings for 2021 and 2020, when~~ COVID-19 ~~had the most pronounced~~ impact on our business. ~~The impact of~~

We continue to assess the economic environment in which we operate and any developments relating to the COVID-19 ~~on our business is discussed throughout this “Management’s Discussion~~pandemic, and ~~Analysis of Financial Condition~~take appropriate actions to address the economic and ~~Results of Operations.”~~other challenges we face.

Executive Overview

We are the largest equipment rental company in the world, with an integrated network of ~~1,402~~1,525 rental locations. We primarily operate in the United States and Canada, and have a limited presence in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Although the equipment rental industry is highly fragmented and diverse, we believe that we are well positioned to take advantage of this environment because, as a larger company, we have more extensive resources and certain competitive advantages. These include a fleet of rental equipment with a total original equipment cost (“OEC”) of ~~$17.4~~$20.0 billion, and a North American branch network that operates in 49 U.S. states and every Canadian province, and serves 99 of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the U.S. Our size also gives us greater purchasing power, the ability to provide customers with a broader range of equipment and services, the ability to provide customers with equipment that is more consistently well-maintained and therefore more productive and reliable, and the ability to enhance the earning potential of our assets by transferring equipment among branches to satisfy customer needs.

We offer approximately ~~4,500~~4,700 classes of equipment for rent to a diverse customer base that includes construction and industrial companies, manufacturers, utilities, municipalities, homeowners and government entities. Our revenues are derived from the following sources: equipment rentals, sales of rental equipment, sales of new equipment, contractor supplies sales and service and other revenues. Equipment rentals represented 8883 percent of total revenues for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023.

For the past several years, as we ~~have~~continued to manage the impact of COVID-19, we executed a strategy focused on improving the profitability of our core equipment rental business through revenue growth, margin expansion and operational efficiencies. In particular, we have focused on customer segmentation, customer service differentiation, rate management, fleet management and operational efficiency.

~~We are continuing to manage the impact of COVID-19, which is discussed above.~~ Our general strategy focuses on profitability and return on invested capital, and, in particular, calls for:

•A consistently superior standard of service to customers, often provided through a single lead contact who can coordinate the cross-selling of the various services we offer throughout our network. We utilize a proprietary software application, Total ~~Control~~®Control®, which provides our key customers with a single in-house software application that enables them to monitor and manage all their equipment needs. Total ~~Control~~®Control® is a unique customer offering that enables us to develop strong, long-term relationships with our larger customers. Our digital capabilities, including our Total ~~Control~~®Control® platform, allow our sales teams to provide contactless end-to-end customer service;

•The further optimization of our customer mix and fleet mix, with a dual ~~objective:~~objective: to enhance our performance in serving our current customer base, and to focus on the accounts and customer types that are best suited to our strategy for profitable growth. We believe these efforts will lead to even better service of our target accounts,

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primarily large construction and industrial customers, as well as select local contractors. Our fleet team's analyses

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are aligned with these objectives to identify trends in equipment categories and define action plans that can generate improved returns;

•A continued focus on “Lean” management techniques, including kaizen processes focused on continuous improvement. We ~~continue to implement Lean kaizen~~have a dedicated team responsible for reducing waste in our operational processes, ~~across our branch network,~~ with the objectives of: ~~reducing~~condensing the cycle time associated with ~~renting~~preparing equipment for rent; optimizing our ~~equipment to customers; improving invoice accuracy~~resources for delivery and ~~service quality; reducing the elapsed time for equipment~~ pickup ~~and delivery; and~~of equipment; improving the effectiveness and efficiency of our repair and maintenance operations; and implementing customer service best practices;

•The continued expansion ~~of our specialty footprint, as well as our tools~~ and ~~onsite services offerings, and the~~ cross-selling of ~~these~~adjacent specialty and services ~~throughout~~products, which enables us to provide a "one-stop" shop for our ~~network~~customers. We believe that the expansion of our specialty business, as exhibited by our acquisition of General Finance ~~discussed~~Corporation ("General Finance") in ~~note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements,~~May 2021, as well as our tools and onsite services offerings, will further position United Rentals as a single source provider of total jobsite solutions through our extensive product and service resources and technology offerings; and

•The pursuit of strategic acquisitions to continue to expand our core equipment rental business,. as exhibited by our recently completed acquisition of assets of Ahern Rentals, which is discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. Strategic acquisitions allow us to invest our capital to expand our business, further driving our ability to accomplish our strategic goals.

Financial Overview

Prior to taking actions pertaining to our financial flexibility and liquidity, we assess our available sources and anticipated uses of cash, including, with respect to sources, cash generated from operations and from the sale of rental equipment. ~~In 2022, we have taken the following actions to improve our financial flexibility and liquidity, and to position us to invest the necessary capital in our business:~~

•~~Redeemed $500 principal amount of our 5~~ 1/2 ~~percent Senior Notes due 2027;~~

•Amended and extended our accounts receivable securitization facility, including an increase in the size of the facility from $900 to $1.1 billion. The facility expires in June 2024 and may be extended on a 364-day basis by mutual agreement with the purchasers under the facility;

•~~Amended and extended our ABL facility, including an increase in the size of the facility from $3.75 billion to $4.25 billion. The facility expires in June 2027; and~~

•Entered into an uncommitted repurchase facility pursuant to which we may obtain short-term financing in an amount up to $100. See note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further detail.

As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we had available liquidity of ~~$2.843~~$2.655 billion, comprised of cash and cash equivalents, and availability under the ABL and accounts receivable securitization facilities.

In October 2022, our Board of Directors authorized a $1.25 billion share repurchase program. This program was paused through the initial phase of the integration of the Ahern Rentals acquisition, and repurchases began in the first quarter of 2023. We expect to repurchase $1.0 billion of common stock under the program in 2023, and have repurchased $250 under the program through March 31, 2023. A 1 percent excise tax is imposed on “net repurchases” (certain purchases minus certain issuances) of common stock. The repurchases above (as well as the total program size and expected 2023 repurchases) do not include the excise tax, which totaled $1 year-to-date through March 31, 2023.

Our Board of Directors also approved our first-ever quarterly dividend program in January 2023, and the first dividend under the program was paid in February 2023. We did not pay any dividends prior to 2023, and during the three months ended March 31, 2023, we paid dividends totaling $103 ($1.48 per share). On April 26, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $1.48 per share, payable on May 24, 2023 to stockholders of record on May 10, 2023.

Net income. Net income and diluted earnings per share are presented below.


		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended					Three Months Ended
		September 30,				September 30,					March 31,
		2022		2021		2022		2021				2023		2022
Net income	Net income	$	606	$	409	$	1,466	$	905	Net income		$	451	$	367
Diluted earnings per share	Diluted earnings per share	$	8.66	$	5.63	$	20.56	$	12.45	Diluted earnings per share		$	6.47	$	5.05

Net income and diluted earnings per share include the after-tax impacts of the items below. The tax rates applied to the items below reflect the statutory rates in the applicable entities.

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		Three Months Ended September 30,										Nine Months Ended September 30,											Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022					2021					2022					2021							2023	2022
Tax rate applied to items below	Tax rate applied to items below	25.4		%			25.2		%			25.3		%			25.3		%			Tax rate applied to items below			25.3		%			25.3		%
		Contribution to net income (after-tax)			Impact on diluted earnings per share		Contribution to net income (after-tax)			Impact on diluted earnings per share		Contribution to net income (after-tax)			Impact on diluted earnings per share		Contribution to net income (after-tax)			Impact on diluted earnings per share					Contribution to net income (after-tax)			Impact on diluted earnings per share		Contribution to net income (after-tax)			Impact on diluted earnings per share
Merger related costs (1)		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	(2)		$	(0.03)

Merger related intangible asset amortization ~~(2)~~(1)	Merger related intangible asset amortization ~~(2)~~(1)	(30)			(0.44)		(39)			(0.53)		(99)			(1.39)		(109)			(1.50)		Merger related intangible asset amortization ~~(2)~~(1)			$	(49)		$	(0.70)	$	(37)		$	(0.52)
Impact on depreciation related to acquired fleet and property and equipment ~~(3)~~(2)	Impact on depreciation related to acquired fleet and property and equipment ~~(3)~~(2)	(8)			(0.12)		(1)			(0.01)		(34)			(0.48)		(3)			(0.04)		Impact on depreciation related to acquired fleet and property and equipment ~~(3)~~(2)			(22)			(0.32)		(7)			(0.10)
Impact of the fair value mark-up of acquired fleet ~~(4)~~(3)	Impact of the fair value mark-up of acquired fleet ~~(4)~~(3)	(4)			(0.05)		(6)			(0.08)		(12)			(0.17)		(21)			(0.28)		Impact of the fair value mark-up of acquired fleet ~~(4)~~(3)			(31)			(0.44)		(5)			(0.06)

Restructuring charge ~~(5)~~(4)	Restructuring charge ~~(5)~~(4)	—			0.01		—			—		—			—		(1)			(0.02)		Restructuring charge ~~(5)~~(4)			(1)			(0.02)		—			—
Asset impairment charge (6)		—			(0.01)		(2)			(0.02)		(2)			(0.03)		(5)			(0.06)
Loss on repurchase/redemption of debt securities (7)		—			—		(22)			(0.31)		(13)			(0.18)		(22)			(0.31)

(1)This reflects ~~transaction costs associated with~~ the ~~General Finance acquisition discussed above. Merger related costs only include costs associated with~~amortization of the intangible assets acquired in the major acquisitions ~~completed since 2012~~ that significantly impact our operations (the "major acquisitions," each of which had annual revenues of over $200 prior to acquisition). ~~For additional information, see "Results~~The increase in 2023 primarily reflects the impact of ~~Operations-Other costs/(income)-merger related costs" below.~~the Ahern Rentals acquisition.

(2)~~This reflects the amortization of the intangible assets acquired in the major acquisitions.~~

~~(3)~~This reflects the impact of extending the useful lives of equipment acquired in certain major acquisitions, net of the impact of additional depreciation associated with the fair value mark-up of such equipment. The increase in 2023 primarily reflects the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition.

~~(4)~~(3)This reflects additional costs recorded in cost of rental equipment sales associated with the fair value mark-up of rental equipment acquired in certain major acquisitions that was subsequently sold. The increase in 2023 primarily reflects the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition.

~~(5)~~(4)This primarily reflects severance and branch closure charges associated with our restructuring programs. For additional information on the restructuring charges, which generally involve the closure of a large number of branches over a short period of time, often in periods following a major acquisition, see "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Results of Operations-Other costs/(income)-restructuring charges" ~~below.~~

~~(6)This reflects write-offs of leasehold improvements and other fixed assets.~~

~~(7)~~This primarily reflects the difference between the net carrying amount and the total purchase price of the redeemed notes. For additional information, see "Results of Operations-Other costs/(income)-Interest expense, net" below.

EBITDA GAAP Reconciliations. EBITDA represents the sum of net income, provision for income taxes, interest expense, net, depreciation of rental equipment and non-rental depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA plus the sum of the ~~merger related costs,~~ restructuring charges, stock compensation expense, net and the impact of the fair value mark-up of the acquired fleet. See below for further detail on each adjusting item. These items are excluded from adjusted EBITDA internally when evaluating our operating performance and for strategic planning and forecasting purposes, and allow investors to make a more meaningful comparison between our core business operating results over different periods of time, as well as with those of other similar companies. The net income and adjusted EBITDA margins represent net income or adjusted EBITDA divided by total revenue. Management believes that EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA, when viewed with the Company’s results under GAAP and the accompanying reconciliations, provide useful information about operating performance and period-over-period growth, and provide additional information that is useful for evaluating the operating performance of our core business without regard to potential distortions. Additionally, management believes that EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA help investors gain an understanding of the factors and trends affecting our ongoing cash earnings, from which capital investments are made and debt is serviced. However, EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are not measures of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP and, accordingly, should not be considered as alternatives to net income or cash flow from operating activities as indicators of operating performance or liquidity.

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The table below provides a reconciliation between net income and EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA:

Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
September 30, September 30,
2022 2021 2022 2021
Net income $ 606 $ 409 $ 1,466 $ 905
Provision for income taxes 210 141 441 297
Interest expense, net 106 132 313 331
Depreciation of rental equipment 470 412 1,362 1,172
Non-rental depreciation and amortization 90 98 278 279
EBITDA $ 1,482 $ 1,192 $ 3,860 $ 2,984
Merger related costs (1) — — — 3
Restructuring charge (2) (1) — — 1
Stock compensation expense, net (3) 35 33 95 89
Impact of the fair value mark-up of acquired fleet (4) 5 8 16 28
Adjusted EBITDA $ 1,521 $ 1,233 $ 3,971 $ 3,105
Net income margin 19.9 % 15.8 % 17.6 % 13.0 %
Adjusted EBITDA margin 49.9 % 47.5 % 47.6 % 44.7 %

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	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
		2023			2022
Net income		$	451		$	367
Provision for income taxes		143			116
Interest expense, net		150			94

Depreciation of rental equipment		575			435
Non-rental depreciation and amortization		118			97
EBITDA		$	1,437		$	1,109

Restructuring charge (1)		1			—
Stock compensation expense, net (2)		24			24
Impact of the fair value mark-up of acquired fleet (3)		41			6

Adjusted EBITDA		$	1,503		$	1,139
Net income margin		13.7		%	14.5		%
Adjusted EBITDA margin		45.8		%	45.1		%

The table below provides a reconciliation between net cash provided by operating activities and EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA:


		Nine Months Ended					Three Months Ended
		September 30,					March 31,
		2022		2021			2023		2022
Net cash provided by operating activities	Net cash provided by operating activities	$	3,182	$	3,021	Net cash provided by operating activities	$	939	$	886
Adjustments for items included in net cash provided by operating activities but excluded from the calculation of EBITDA:	Adjustments for items included in net cash provided by operating activities but excluded from the calculation of EBITDA:					Adjustments for items included in net cash provided by operating activities but excluded from the calculation of EBITDA:
Amortization of deferred financing costs and original issue discounts	Amortization of deferred financing costs and original issue discounts	(9)		(9)		Amortization of deferred financing costs and original issue discounts	(4)		(3)
Gain on sales of rental equipment	Gain on sales of rental equipment	325		271		Gain on sales of rental equipment	190		116
Gain on sales of non-rental equipment	Gain on sales of non-rental equipment	6		6		Gain on sales of non-rental equipment	4		2
Insurance proceeds from damaged equipment	Insurance proceeds from damaged equipment	25		19		Insurance proceeds from damaged equipment	9		7
Merger related costs (1)		—		(3)

Restructuring charge ~~(2)~~(1)	Restructuring charge ~~(2)~~(1)	—		(1)		Restructuring charge ~~(2)~~(1)	(1)		—
Stock compensation expense, net ~~(3)~~(2)	Stock compensation expense, net ~~(3)~~(2)	(95)		(89)		Stock compensation expense, net ~~(3)~~(2)	(24)		(24)
Loss on repurchase/redemption of debt securities (5)		(17)		(30)

Changes in assets and liabilities	Changes in assets and liabilities	(191)		(714)		Changes in assets and liabilities	117		(34)
Cash paid for interest	Cash paid for interest	339		362		Cash paid for interest	178		149
Cash paid for income taxes, net	Cash paid for income taxes, net	295		151		Cash paid for income taxes, net	29		10
EBITDA	EBITDA	$	3,860	$	2,984	EBITDA	$	1,437	$	1,109
Add back:	Add back:					Add back:
Merger related costs (1)		—		3

Restructuring charge ~~(2)~~(1)	Restructuring charge ~~(2)~~(1)	—		1		Restructuring charge ~~(2)~~(1)	1		—
Stock compensation expense, net ~~(3)~~(2)	Stock compensation expense, net ~~(3)~~(2)	95		89		Stock compensation expense, net ~~(3)~~(2)	24		24
Impact of the fair value mark-up of acquired fleet ~~(4)~~(3)	Impact of the fair value mark-up of acquired fleet ~~(4)~~(3)	16		28		Impact of the fair value mark-up of acquired fleet ~~(4)~~(3)	41		6

Adjusted EBITDA	Adjusted EBITDA	$	3,971	$	3,105	Adjusted EBITDA	$	1,503	$	1,139

___________________

(1)This reflects transaction costs associated with the General Finance acquisition discussed above. Merger related costs only include costs associated with major acquisitions. For additional information, see "Results of Operations-Other costs/(income)-merger related costs" below.

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~~(2)~~This primarily reflects severance and branch closure charges associated with our restructuring programs. For additional information on the restructuring charges, which generally involve the closure of a large number of branches over a short period of time, often in periods following a major acquisition, see "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Results of Operations-Other costs/(income)-restructuring charges" below.

~~(3)~~(2)Represents non-cash, share-based payments associated with the granting of equity instruments.

~~(5)This~~ The increase in 2023 primarily reflects the ~~difference between the net carrying amount and the total purchase price~~impact of the ~~redeemed notes. For additional information, see "Results~~Ahern Rentals acquisition.

Table of ~~Operations-Other costs/(income)-Interest expense, net" below.~~Contents

For the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, net income increased ~~$197,~~$84, or ~~48.2~~22.9 percent, and net income margin ~~increased 410~~decreased 80 basis points to ~~19.9~~13.7 percent. For the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, adjusted EBITDA increased ~~$288,~~$364, or ~~23.4~~32.0 percent, and adjusted EBITDA margin increased ~~240~~70 basis points to ~~49.9~~45.8 percent.

The year-over-year ~~increase~~decrease in net income margin primarily reflects ~~improved~~lower gross margins, primarily due to the Ahern Rentals acquisition, from equipment rentals and sales of rental equipment, and increased net interest expense, partially offset by reductions in selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expense and non-rental depreciation and amortization as a percentage of revenue, and ~~lower net~~revenue mix benefits. Depreciation and repairs and maintenance expenses for the rental equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition were higher than for our other rental equipment, which negatively impacted equipment rentals gross margin year-over-year. Net interest expense increased $56, or 59.6 percent, primarily due to increased average debt, including the debt issued to partially ~~offset by~~fund the Ahern Rentals acquisition, and higher ~~income tax expense as a percentage of revenue.~~variable debt interest rates (as noted above, the weighted average interest rates on our variable debt instruments were 5.9 percent and 1.6 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively). The ~~increased gross margin from sales of rental equipment sales primarily reflected improved pricing. The higher gross margin from equipment rentals and the~~ favorable margin impact of SG&A expense and non-rental depreciation and amortization ~~all reflected~~both reflect better fixed cost absorption on higher revenue. Net interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2021 included debt redemption losses of $30. Net interest expense, excluding these debt redemption losses, did not change significantly year-over-year. While income tax expense increased $69, or 48.9 percent, year-over-year, the effective income tax rate was largely flat year-over-year.

The increase in the adjusted EBITDA margin primarily reflects ~~higher margins from equipment rentals (excluding depreciation) and sales of rental equipment,~~ reduced SG&A expense as a percentage of revenue and ~~an increase~~revenue mix benefits, partially offset by a 60 basis point decrease in ~~the proportion of revenue from higher~~equipment rentals gross margin (excluding ~~depreciation) equipment rentals. Gross~~depreciation and stock compensation expense).The favorable margin ~~from equipment rentals (excluding depreciation) increased 40 basis points primarily due to~~impact of SG&A expense reflects better fixed cost absorption on higher revenue. SG&A expense also benefited from better fixed cost absorption. Gross margin from sales of rental equipment (excluding the adjustment reflected in the table above for the impact of the fair value mark-up of acquired fleet) increased 14.3 percentage points primarily due to improved pricing.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, net income increased $561, or 62.0 percent, and net income margin increased 460 basis points to 17.6 percent. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, adjusted EBITDA increased $866, or 27.9 percent, and adjusted EBITDA margin increased 290 basis points to 47.6 percent.

The year-over-year increase in net income margin primarily reflects improved gross margins from equipment rentals and sales of rental equipment, reductions in SG&A expense and non-rental depreciation and amortization as a percentage of revenue and lower net interest expense, partially offset by higher income tax expense as a percentage of revenue. Gross margin from sales of rental equipment increased year-over-year primarily due to improved pricing. The higherdecreased gross margin from equipment rentals ~~and the favorable margin impact of SG&A expense and non-rental~~(excluding depreciation and amortization all reflected better fixed cost absorption on higher revenue. Net interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 included debt redemption losses of $17 and $30, respectively. Net interest expense, excluding these debt redemption losses, decreased slightly year-over-year. While income tax expense increased $144, or 48.5 percent, year-over-year, the effective income tax rate decreased by 160 basis points,stock compensation expense) primarily due to aligning the legal entity structure in Australia and New Zealand with our other foreign operations, which resulted in a tax depreciation benefit of $39 in the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

~~The increase in the adjusted EBITDA margin primarily~~ reflects higher margins from equipment rentals (excluding depreciation) and sales of rental equipment, reduced SG&A expense as a percentage of revenue and an increase in the proportion of revenue from higher margin (excluding depreciation) equipment rentals. Gross margin from equipment rentals (excluding depreciation) increased 80 basis points primarily due to better fixed cost absorption on higher revenue. SG&A expense also benefited from better fixed cost absorption. Gross margin from sales of rental equipment (excluding the adjustment reflected in the table above for the impact of the ~~fair value mark-up of~~Ahern Rentals acquisition (in particular, repairs and maintenance expense for the rental equipment acquired ~~fleet) increased 14.9 percentage points primarily due to improved pricing.~~in the Ahern Rentals acquisition was higher than for our other rental equipment, which negatively impacted equipment rentals gross margin year-over-year).

Revenues are noted below. Fleet productivity is a comprehensive metric that provides greater insight into the decisions made by our managers in support of equipment rental growth and returns. Specifically, we seek to optimize the interplay of rental rates, time utilization and mix to drive rental revenue. Fleet productivity aggregates, in one metric, the impact of changes in rates, utilization and mix on owned equipment rental revenue. We believe that this metric is useful in assessing the effectiveness of our decisions on rates, time utilization and mix, particularly as they support the creation of shareholder value.

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The table below includes the components of the year-over-year change in rental revenue using the fleet productivity methodology.


		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022		2021		Change		2022		2021		Change				2023		2022		Change
Equipment rentals*	Equipment rentals*	$	2,732	$	2,277	20.0	%	$	7,369	$	5,895	25.0	%	Equipment rentals*		$	2,740	$	2,175	26.0	%
Sales of rental equipment	Sales of rental equipment	181		183		(1.1)	%	556		644		(13.7)	%	Sales of rental equipment		388		211		83.9	%
Sales of new equipment	Sales of new equipment	32		47		(31.9)	%	115		153		(24.8)	%	Sales of new equipment		44		45		(2.2)	%
Contractor supplies sales	Contractor supplies sales	32		29		10.3	%	94		80		17.5	%	Contractor supplies sales		34		29		17.2	%
Service and other revenues	Service and other revenues	74		60		23.3	%	212		168		26.2	%	Service and other revenues		79		64		23.4	%
Total revenues	Total revenues	$	3,051	$	2,596	17.5	%	$	8,346	$	6,940	20.3	%	Total revenues		$	3,285	$	2,524	30.2	%
*Equipment rentals variance components:	*Equipment rentals variance components:													*Equipment rentals variance components:
Year-over-year change in average OEC	Year-over-year change in average OEC					10.6	%					13.4	%	Year-over-year change in average OEC						25.6	%
Assumed year-over-year inflation impact (1)	Assumed year-over-year inflation impact (1)					(1.5)	%					(1.5)	%	Assumed year-over-year inflation impact (1)						(1.5)	%
Fleet productivity (2)	Fleet productivity (2)					8.9	%					10.7	%	Fleet productivity (2)						2.0	%
Contribution from ancillary and re-rent revenue (3)	Contribution from ancillary and re-rent revenue (3)					2.0	%					2.4	%	Contribution from ancillary and re-rent revenue (3)						(0.1)	%
Total change in equipment rentals	Total change in equipment rentals					20.0	%					25.0	%	Total change in equipment rentals						26.0	%

*Pro forma equipment rentals variance components (4):														*Pro forma equipment rentals variance components (4):
Year-over-year change in average OEC														Year-over-year change in average OEC						12.2	%
Assumed year-over-year inflation impact (1)														Assumed year-over-year inflation impact (1)						(1.5)	%
Fleet productivity (2)														Fleet productivity (2)						5.9	%
Contribution from ancillary and re-rent revenue (3)														Contribution from ancillary and re-rent revenue (3)						—	%
Total change in equipment rentals														Total change in equipment rentals						16.6	%

___________________

(1)Reflects the estimated impact of inflation on the revenue productivity of fleet based on OEC, which is recorded at cost.

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(2)Reflects the combined impact of changes in rental rates, time utilization, and mix that contribute to the variance in owned equipment rental revenue. See note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the different types of equipment rentals revenue. Rental rate changes are calculated based on the year-over-year variance in average contract rates, weighted by the prior period revenue mix. Time utilization is calculated by dividing the amount of time an asset is on rent by the amount of time the asset has been owned during the year. Mix includes the impact of changes in customer, fleet, geographic and segment mix.

(3)Reflects the combined impact of changes in the other types of equipment rentals revenue (see note 2 for further detail), excluding owned equipment rental revenue.

(4)As discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, we completed the acquisition of Ahern Rentals in December 2022. The pro forma information includes the standalone, pre-acquisition results of Ahern Rentals.

Equipment rentals include our revenues from renting equipment, as well as revenue related to the fees we charge customers: for equipment delivery and pick-up; to protect the customer against liability for damage to our equipment while on rent; for fuel; and for environmental and other miscellaneous costs and services. Sales of rental equipment represent our revenues from the sale of used rental equipment. Sales of new equipment represent our revenues from the sale of new equipment. Contractor supplies sales represent our sales of supplies utilized by contractors, which include construction consumables, tools, small equipment and safety supplies. Services and other revenues primarily represent our revenues earned from providing repair and maintenance services on our customers’ fleet (including parts sales). See note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our revenue recognition accounting.

For the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, total revenues of ~~$3.051~~$3.285 billion increased ~~17.5~~30.2 percent compared with ~~2021.~~2022. Equipment rentals and sales of rental equipment are our largest revenue types (together, they accounted for 95 percent of total revenue for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022)~~March 31, 2023). Equipment rentals increased ~~$455,~~$565, or ~~20.0~~26.0 percent, primarily due to a ~~10.6~~25.6 percent increase in average OEC and an 8.9 percent increase in fleet productivity. Following the more pronounced impact of COVID-19 in 2020, beginning in 2021 and continuing through September 30, 2022, we have seen evidence of a continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets. As discussed above, disciplined management of capital expenditures and fleet capacity is a component of our COVID-19 response plan, which contributed to rental capital expenditures in 2020 that were significantly below historic levels. While capital expenditures were significantly reduced in 2020 due to COVID-19, capital expenditures in 2021 exceeded historic (pre-COVID-19) levels, which contributed to the increased average OEC. Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 have exceeded the expenditures in the same period in 2021, and full year 2022 capital expenditures are expected to exceed the expenditures in 2021. Sales of rental equipment decreased slightly year-over-year. While sales of rental equipment decreased slightly year-over-year, pricing remained strong, as reflected in the 16.0 percentage point increase in gross margin from sales of rental equipment.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, total revenues of $8.346 billion increased 20.3 percent compared with 2021. Equipment rentals and sales of rental equipment are our largest revenue types (together, they accounted for 95 percent of total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022). Equipment rentals increased $1.474 billion, or 25.0 percent, primarily due to a 13.4 percent increase in average OEC and a 10.7 percent increase in fleet productivity, both of which include

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the more pronounced impact of COVID-19 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Beginning in 2021 and continuing through September 30, 2022, we have seen evidence of a continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets. The increase in average OEC includes the impact of the acquisition of ~~General Finance~~Ahern Rentals that is discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as increased capital expenditures. ~~As discussed above, disciplined management~~On a pro forma basis including the pre-acquisition results of ~~capital expenditures~~Ahern Rentals, year-over-year, equipment rentals increased 16.6 percent, primarily reflecting an increase in average OEC of 12.2 percent and increased fleet ~~capacity is a component~~productivity of our COVID-19 response plan, which contributed to rental capital expenditures in 2020 that were significantly below historic levels. While capital expenditures were significantly reduced in 2020 due to COVID-19, capital expenditures in 2021 exceeded historic (pre-COVID-19) levels, which contributed to the increased average OEC. Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 have exceeded the expenditures in the same period5.9 percent. Beginning in 2021 and ~~full year 2022 capital expenditures are expected to exceed the expenditures in 2021.~~continuing through March 31, 2023, we have seen evidence of a continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets. Sales of rental equipment ~~decreased 13.7~~increased 83.9 percent year-over-year, asprimarily reflecting the normalization of volumes, after we intentionally held back on ~~to fleet to serve strong customer demand and to ensure greater fleet availability in the event industry supply chain challenges persist or worsen. While~~ sales of rental equipment ~~decreased year-over-year, pricing remained strong,~~in 2022 to ensure sufficient rental capacity for our customers, as ~~reflected in~~well as the ~~16.4 percentage point increase in gross margin from~~impact of sales of rental ~~equipment.~~equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition. Pricing on sales of rental equipment remains strong.

Results of Operations

As discussed in note 4 to our condensed consolidated financial statements, our reportable segments are general rentals and specialty. The general rentals segment includes the rental of construction, aerial, industrial and homeowner equipment and related services and activities. The general rentals segment’s customers include construction and industrial companies, manufacturers, utilities, municipalities, homeowners and government entities. This segment operates throughout the United States and Canada. The specialty segment includes the rental of specialty construction products such as i) trench safety equipment, such as trench shields, aluminum hydraulic shoring systems, slide rails, crossing plates, construction lasers and line testing equipment for underground work, ii) power and HVAC equipment, such as portable diesel generators, electrical distribution equipment, and temperature control equipment, iii) fluid solutions equipment primarily used for fluid containment, transfer and treatment, and iv) mobile storage equipment and modular office space. The specialty segment’s customers include construction companies involved in infrastructure projects, municipalities and industrial companies. This segment primarily operates in the United States and Canada, and has a limited presence in Europe, Australia and New Zealand.

As discussed in note 4 to our condensed consolidated financial statements, we aggregate our four geographic divisions—Central, Northeast, Southeast and West—into our general rentals reporting segment. Historically, there have occasionally been variances in the levels of equipment rentals gross margins achieved by these divisions, though such variances have generally been small (close to or less than 10 percent, measured versus the equipment rentals gross margins of the aggregated general rentals' divisions). For the five year period ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, there was no general rentals' division with an equipment rentals gross margin that differed materially from the equipment rentals gross margin of the aggregated general rentals' divisions. The rental industry is cyclical, and there historically have occasionally been divisions with equipment rentals gross margins that varied by greater than 10 percent from the equipment rentals gross margins of the aggregated general rentals' divisions, though the specific divisions with margin variances of over 10 percent have fluctuated, and such variances have generally not exceeded 10 percent by a significant amount. We monitor the margin variances and confirm margin similarity between divisions on a quarterly basis.

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We believe that the divisions that are aggregated into our segments have similar economic characteristics, as each division is capital intensive, offers similar products to similar customers, uses similar methods to distribute its products, and is subject to similar competitive risks. The aggregation of our divisions also reflects the management structure that we use for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Although we believe aggregating these divisions into our reporting segments for segment reporting purposes is appropriate, to the extent that there are significant margin variances that do not converge, we may be required to disaggregate the divisions into separate reporting segments. Any such disaggregation would have no impact on our consolidated results of operations.

These reporting segments align our external segment reporting with how management evaluates business performance and allocates resources. We evaluate segment performance primarily based on segment equipment rentals gross profit. Our revenues, operating results, and financial condition fluctuate from quarter to quarter reflecting the seasonal rental patterns of our customers, with rental activity tending to be lower in the winter.

Revenues by segment were as follows:

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		General rentals		Specialty		Total			General rentals		Specialty		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023								Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Equipment rentals	Equipment rentals	$	1,942	$	790	$	2,732	Equipment rentals	$	2,018	$	722	$	2,740
Sales of rental equipment	Sales of rental equipment	152		29		181		Sales of rental equipment	350		38		388
Sales of new equipment	Sales of new equipment	12		20		32		Sales of new equipment	18		26		44
Contractor supplies sales	Contractor supplies sales	20		12		32		Contractor supplies sales	21		13		34
Service and other revenues	Service and other revenues	67		7		74		Service and other revenues	72		7		79
Total revenue	Total revenue	$	2,193	$	858	$	3,051	Total revenue	$	2,479	$	806	$	3,285
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022								Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Equipment rentals	Equipment rentals	$	1,636	$	641	$	2,277	Equipment rentals	$	1,593	$	582	$	2,175
Sales of rental equipment	Sales of rental equipment	154		29		183		Sales of rental equipment	184		27		211
Sales of new equipment	Sales of new equipment	31		16		47		Sales of new equipment	29		16		45
Contractor supplies sales	Contractor supplies sales	19		10		29		Contractor supplies sales	18		11		29
Service and other revenues	Service and other revenues	54		6		60		Service and other revenues	58		6		64
Total revenue	Total revenue	$	1,894	$	702	$	2,596	Total revenue	$	1,882	$	642	$	2,524
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Equipment rentals		$	5,322	$	2,047	$	7,369
Sales of rental equipment		474		82		556
Sales of new equipment		58		57		115
Contractor supplies sales		60		34		94
Service and other revenues		188		24		212
Total revenue		$	6,102	$	2,244	$	8,346
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Equipment rentals		$	4,375	$	1,520	$	5,895
Sales of rental equipment		567		77		644
Sales of new equipment		111		42		153
Contractor supplies sales		53		27		80
Service and other revenues		148		20		168
Total revenue		$	5,254	$	1,686	$	6,940

Equipment rentals. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, equipment rentals of $2.732 billion increased $455, or 20.0 percent, as compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to a 10.6 percent increase in average OEC and an 8.9 percent increase in fleet productivity. Following the more pronounced impact of COVID-19 in 2020, beginning in 2021 and continuing through September 30, 2022, we have seen evidence of a continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets. As discussed above, disciplined management of capital expenditures and fleet capacity is a component of our COVID-19 response plan, which contributed to rental capital expenditures in 2020 that were significantly below historic levels. While capital expenditures were significantly reduced in 2020 due to COVID-19, capital expenditures in 2021 exceeded historic (pre-COVID-19) levels, which contributed to the increased average OEC. Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 have exceeded the expenditures in the same period in 2021, and full year 2022 capital expenditures are expected to exceed the expenditures in 2021. Equipment rentals represented 9083 percent of total revenues for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022.~~

March 31, 2023. For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, equipment rentals of ~~$7.369~~$2.740 billion increased ~~$1.474 billion,~~$565, or ~~25.0~~26.0 percent, as compared to the same period in ~~2021,~~2022, primarily due to a ~~13.4~~25.6 percent increase in average OEC and a 10.7 percent increase in fleet productivity, both of which include the more pronounced impact of COVID-19 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Beginning in 2021 and continuing through September 30, 2022, we have seen evidence of a continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets.OEC. The increase in average OEC includes the impact of the acquisition of ~~General Finance~~Ahern Rentals that is discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as increased capital expenditures. ~~As discussed above, disciplined management~~On a pro forma basis including the pre-acquisition results of ~~capital expenditures~~Ahern Rentals, year-over-year, equipment rentals increased 16.6 percent, primarily reflecting an increase in average OEC of 12.2 percent and increased fleet ~~capacity is a component~~productivity of our COVID-19 response plan, which contributed to rental capital expenditures in 2020 that were significantly below historic levels. While capital expenditures were significantly reduced in 2020 due to COVID-19, capital expenditures in 2021 exceeded historic (pre-

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~~COVID-19) levels, which contributed to the increased average OEC. Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 have exceeded the expenditures in the same period~~5.9 percent. Beginning in 2021 and ~~full year 2022 capital expenditures are expected to exceed~~continuing through March 31, 2023, we have seen evidence of a continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets.

For the ~~expenditures in 2021. Equipment~~three months ended March 31, 2023, equipment rentals represented 8881 percent of total revenues for the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2022.~~

general rentals segment. For the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, general rentals equipment rentals increased ~~$306,~~$425, or ~~18.7~~26.7 percent, as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to the continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets and increased average OEC, which includes the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition as well as increased capital expenditures. On a pro forma basis including the pre-acquisition results of Ahern Rentals, year-over-year, equipment rentals increased 14.3 percent, primarily reflecting increases in average OEC and fleet productivity. As noted above, beginning in 2021 and continuing through March 31, 2023, we have seen evidence of a continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, equipment rentals represented 90 percent of total revenues for the specialty segment. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, specialty equipment rentals increased $140, or 24.1 percent, as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to the continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets and increased average OEC. As noted above, ~~the broad recovery we saw as 2021 progressed has continued through September 30, 2022. As discussed above, capital expenditures were significantly reduced in 2020 due to COVID-19 and then increased~~beginning in 2021 ~~which contributed to the year-over-year increase in average OEC. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, equipment rentals represented 89 percent~~and continuing through March 31, 2023, we have seen evidence of ~~total revenues for the general rentals segment.~~

~~For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, general rentals equipment rentals increased $947, or 21.6 percent, as compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to the~~a continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets and increased average OEC. As noted above, the impact of COVID-19 was more pronounced in 2021 and the broad recovery we saw as 2021 progressed has continued through September 30, 2022. As discussed above, capital expenditures were significantly reduced in 2020 due to COVID-19 and then increased in 2021, which contributed to the year-over-year increase in average OEC. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, equipment rentals represented 87 percent of total revenues for the general rentals segment.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, specialty equipment rentals increased $149, or 23.2 percent, as compared to the same period in 2021. The increase in equipment rentals reflects the continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets, as well as increased average OEC, both of which are discussed above. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, equipment rentals represented 92 percent of total revenues for the specialty segment.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, specialty equipment rentals increased $527, or 34.7 percent, as compared to the same period in 2021, including the impact of the General Finance acquisition. On a pro forma basis including the standalone, pre-acquisition revenues of General Finance, equipment rentals increased 27 percent. The increase in equipment rentals reflects the continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets, as well as increased average OEC, both of which are discussed above. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, equipment rentals represented 91 percent of total revenues for the specialty segment.end-markets.

Sales of rental equipment. For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, sales of rental equipment represented approximately 712 percent of our total revenues. For the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, sales of rental equipment ~~decreased 1.1 percent and 13.7~~increased

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83.9 percent year-over-year, ~~respectively, as~~primarily reflecting the normalization of volumes, after we intentionally held back on ~~to fleet to serve strong customer demand and to ensure greater fleet availability in the event industry supply chain challenges persist or worsen. While~~ sales of rental equipment ~~decreased year-over-year, pricing remained strong,~~in 2022 to ensure sufficient rental capacity for our customers, as ~~reflected in~~well as the ~~increases in gross margin from~~impact of sales of rental equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition. Pricing on sales of ~~16.0 percentage points and 16.4 percentage points for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.~~rental equipment remains strong.

Sales of new equipment. For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, sales of new equipment represented approximately 1 percent of our total revenues. For the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, sales of new equipment ~~decreased 31.9 percent and 24.8 percent year-over-year, respectively, primarily due to supply chain constraints.~~did not change significantly year-over-year.

Contractor supplies ~~sales.~~sales ~~Contractor supplies sales~~ represent our revenues associated with selling a variety of supplies, including construction consumables, tools, small equipment and safety supplies. For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, contractor supplies sales represented approximately 1 percent of our total revenues. For the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, contractor supplies sales ~~increased slightly~~did not change significantly year-over-year.

Service and other revenues~~. Service and other revenues~~ primarily represent our revenues earned from providing repair and maintenance services on our customers’ fleet (including parts sales). For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, service and other revenues represented approximately 32 percent of our total revenues. For the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, service and other revenues increased ~~23.3~~23.4 percent ~~and 26.2 percent~~ year-over-year, ~~respectively,~~ primarily due to growth initiatives.

Segment Equipment Rentals Gross Profit

Segment equipment rentals gross profit and gross margin were as follows:

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		General rentals			Specialty			Total				General rentals			Specialty			Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023											Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Equipment Rentals Gross Profit	Equipment Rentals Gross Profit	$	797		$	412		$	1,209		Equipment Rentals Gross Profit	$	663		$	340		$	1,003
Equipment Rentals Gross Margin	Equipment Rentals Gross Margin	41.0		%	52.2		%	44.3		%	Equipment Rentals Gross Margin	32.9		%	47.1		%	36.6		%
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022											Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Equipment Rentals Gross Profit	Equipment Rentals Gross Profit	$	649		$	330		$	979		Equipment Rentals Gross Profit	$	575		$	259		$	834
Equipment Rentals Gross Margin	Equipment Rentals Gross Margin	39.7		%	51.5		%	43.0		%	Equipment Rentals Gross Margin	36.1		%	44.5		%	38.3		%
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Equipment Rentals Gross Profit		$	2,063		$	983		$	3,046
Equipment Rentals Gross Margin		38.8		%	48.0		%	41.3		%
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Equipment Rentals Gross Profit		$	1,586		$	721		$	2,307
Equipment Rentals Gross Margin		36.3		%	47.4		%	39.1		%

General rentals. For the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, equipment rentals gross profit increased by ~~$148,~~$88, and equipment rentals gross margin ~~increased 130~~decreased by 320 basis points, from ~~2021,~~2022, primarily due to ~~better fixed cost absorption on~~the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition. As a percentage of revenue, depreciation and repairs and maintenance expenses for the rental equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition were higher ~~revenue. As discussed above,~~than for our other rental equipment, ~~rental revenue increased 18.7 percent from 2021, primarily due to increased average OEC and the continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets.~~

~~For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, equipment rentals gross profit increased by $477, and~~which negatively impacted equipment rentals gross margin increased 250 basis points, from 2021, primarily due to better fixed cost absorption on higher revenue. As discussed above, equipment rental revenue increased 21.6 percent from 2021, primarily due to increased average OEC and the continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets.year-over-year.

Specialty. For the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, equipment rentals gross profit increased by ~~$82,~~$81, and equipment rentals gross margin increased by 70260 basis points, from ~~2021.~~2022. Gross margin increased primarily due to better cost performance and fixed cost absorption on higher revenue, partially offset by a higher proportion of revenue from certain lower margin ancillary fees in 2022. As discussed above, equipment rental revenue increased 23.2 percent from 2021, primarily due to increased average OEC and the continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets.revenue.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, equipment rentals gross profit increased by $262, and equipment rentals gross margin increased by 60 basis points, from 2021. Gross margin increased primarily due to better fixed cost absorption on higher revenue, partially offset by a higher proportion of revenue from certain lower margin ancillary fees in 2022 and a depreciation adjustment associated with the finalization of purchase accounting for the General Finance acquisition, which included a one-time impact of $10 in 2022. As discussed above, equipment rental revenue increased 34.7 percent from 2021, including the impact of the General Finance acquisition, primarily due to increased average OEC and the continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets.

Gross Margin. Gross margins by revenue classification were as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022		2021		Change	2022	2021	Change			2023	2022	Change
Total gross margin	Total gross margin	44.8	%	42.5	%	230 bps	42.0%	38.8%	320 bps	Total gross margin		37.8%	39.3%	(150) bps
Equipment rentals	Equipment rentals	44.3	%	43.0	%	130 bps	41.3%	39.1%	220 bps	Equipment rentals		36.6%	38.3%	(170) bps
Sales of rental equipment	Sales of rental equipment	61.9	%	45.9	%	1,600 bps	58.5%	42.1%	1,640 bps	Sales of rental equipment		49.0%	55.0%	(600) bps
Sales of new equipment	Sales of new equipment	21.9	%	19.1	%	280 bps	19.1%	16.3%	280 bps	Sales of new equipment		18.2%	17.8%	40 bps
Contractor supplies sales	Contractor supplies sales	28.1	%	27.6	%	50 bps	29.8%	28.8%	100 bps	Contractor supplies sales		29.4%	31.0%	(160) bps
Service and other revenues	Service and other revenues	39.2	%	38.3	%	90 bps	41.0%	39.3%	170 bps	Service and other revenues		38.0%	39.1%	(110) bps

For the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, total gross margin ~~increased 230~~decreased 150 basis points from the same period in ~~2021.~~2022. Equipment rentals gross margin ~~increased 130~~decreased 170 basis points from ~~2021,~~2022, primarily due to ~~better fixed cost absorption on~~the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition. As a percentage of revenue, depreciation and repairs and maintenance expenses for the rental equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition were higher ~~revenue. As discussed above,~~than for our other rental equipment, which negatively impacted equipment rentals ~~increased 20.0 percent from 2021, primarily due to increased average OEC and the continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets.~~gross margin year-over-year. Gross margin from sales of rental equipment ~~increased 16.0 percentage~~decreased 600 basis points from the same period in ~~2021~~2022, primarily due to ~~improved pricing. The gross~~the impact of lower margin ~~fluctuations from~~ sales of ~~new~~rental equipment ~~contractor supplies sales~~acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition. The equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition was recorded at fair value as of the December 2022 acquisition date, and ~~service and other revenues generally reflect normal variability, and such~~

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~~revenue types did not account for a significant portion~~the gross margins on the sale of ~~total~~such acquired equipment were less than the gross ~~profit (gross profit for these revenue types represented 3 percent~~margins achieved upon the sale of ~~total gross profit for~~other rental equipment. As reflected in the ~~three months ended September 30, 2022).~~

~~For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, total~~above gross margin, ~~increased 320 basis points from the same period in 2021. Equipment rentals gross margin increased 220 basis points from 2021, primarily due to better fixed cost absorption~~pricing on higher revenue. As discussed above, equipment rentals increased 25.0 percent from 2021, primarily due to increased average OEC and the continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets. Gross margin from sales of rental equipment ~~increased 16.4 percentage points from the same period in 2021 primarily due to improved pricing.~~remains strong. The gross margin fluctuations from sales of new equipment, contractor supplies sales and service and other revenues generally reflect normal variability, and such revenue types did not account for a significant portion of total gross profit (gross profit for these revenue types represented 4 percent of total gross profit for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022)~~March 31, 2023).

Other costs/(income)

The table below includes the other costs/(income) in our condensed consolidated statements of income, as well as key associated metrics:


		Three Months Ended September 30,			Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022	2021	Change	2022	2021	Change			2023	2022	Change
Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expense	Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expense	$356	$326	9.2%	$1,022	$877	16.5%	Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expense		$382	$323	18.3%
SG&A expense as a percentage of revenue	SG&A expense as a percentage of revenue	11.7%	12.6%	(90) bps	12.2%	12.6%	(40) bps	SG&A expense as a percentage of revenue		11.6%	12.8%	(120) bps
Merger related costs		—	—	—%	—	3	(100.0)%

Restructuring charge	Restructuring charge	(1)	—	—%	—	1	(100.0)%	Restructuring charge		1	—	—%
Non-rental depreciation and amortization	Non-rental depreciation and amortization	90	98	(8.2)%	278	279	(0.4)%	Non-rental depreciation and amortization		118	97	21.6%
Interest expense, net	Interest expense, net	106	132	(19.7)%	313	331	(5.4)%	Interest expense, net		150	94	59.6%
Other income, net	Other income, net	(1)	(3)	(66.7)%	(12)	(1)	1,100.0%	Other income, net		(4)	(5)	(20.0)%
Provision for income taxes	Provision for income taxes	210	141	48.9%	441	297	48.5%	Provision for income taxes		143	116	23.3%
Effective tax rate	Effective tax rate	25.7%	25.6%	10 bps	23.1%	24.7%	(160) bps	Effective tax rate		24.1%	24.0%	10 bps

SG&A expense primarily includes sales force compensation, information technology costs, third party professional fees, management salaries, bad debt expense and clerical and administrative overhead. SG&A expense as a percentage of revenue for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 decreased from the same ~~periods~~period in ~~2021~~2022 primarily due to better fixed cost absorption on higher revenue ~~partially offset by increases in certain discretionary expenses, including travel~~(in particular, salaries and ~~entertainment. Certain discretionary expenses were reduced significantly in 2020 and early 2021 due to COVID-19, and have increased more recently~~benefits declined as ~~rental volume has increased (as noted above, the broad recovery we saw across our end-markets as 2021 progressed has continued through September 30, 2022).~~

~~The~~ ~~merger related costs~~ ~~reflect transaction costs associated with the General Finance acquisition that was completed in May 2021, as discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. We have made~~ a ~~number~~percentage of acquisitions in the past and may continue to make acquisitions in the future. Merger related costs only include costs associated with major acquisitions, each of which had annual revenues of over $200 prior to acquisition, that significantly impact our operations.revenue).

The restructuring charges primarily reflect severance and branch closure charges associated with our restructuring programs. We incur severance costs and branch closure charges in the ordinary course of our business. We only include such costs that are part of a restructuring program as restructuring charges. The designated restructuring programs generally involve the closure of a large number of branches over a short period of time, often in periods following a major acquisition, and result in significant costs that we would not normally incur absent a major acquisition or other triggering event that results in the initiation of a restructuring program. Since the first such program was initiated in 2008, we have completed six restructuring programs and have incurred total restructuring charges of ~~$352.~~$353.

In the first quarter of 2023, we initiated a restructuring program following the closing of the Ahern Rentals acquisition discussed above. We expect to complete the restructuring program in 2023, and we currently expect to incur approximately $15 of additional expenses under the program. As of ~~September 30, 2022, there were no open restructuring programs, and~~March 31, 2023, the total liability associated with ~~the~~our open and closed restructuring programs was ~~$7.~~$6.

Non-rental depreciation and amortization includes i) the amortization of other intangible assets and ii) depreciation expense associated with equipment that is not offered for rent (such as computers and office equipment) and amortization expense associated with leasehold improvements. Our other intangible assets consist of customer relationships, non-compete agreements and trade names and associated trademarks. The year-over-year increase in non-rental depreciation and amortization primarily reflects the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition discussed above.

Interest expense, net for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2022 decreased 19.7~~March 31, 2023 increased 59.6 percent year-over-year, primarily due to increased average debt, including the debt issued to partially fund the Ahern Rentals acquisition discussed above, and higher variable debt interest rates. The weighted average interest rates on our variable debt instruments were 5.9 percent and ~~5.4~~1.6 percent ~~year-over-year, respectively. Interest expense, net included debt redemption losses of $17 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and $30~~ for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2021. The debt redemption losses primarily~~

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~~reflected the difference between the net carrying amount~~March 31, 2023 and ~~the total purchase price of the redeemed notes. Excluding the impact of these losses, interest expense, net for the three and nine months ended September 30,~~ 2022, ~~did not change significantly year-over-year.~~respectively.

Other (income) expense, net primarily includes i) currency gains and losses, ii) finance charges, iii) gains and losses on sales of non-rental equipment and iv) other miscellaneous items.

The effective tax rates for ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 differed from the federal statutory rate of 21 percent primarily due to the geographical mix of income between foreign and domestic operations, the impact of state and local taxes, stock compensation, other deductible and nondeductible ~~charges, the release in 2021 of a valuation allowance on state tax credits and a 2022 realignment of the legal entity structure in Australia and New Zealand as discussed below.~~charges. The ~~year-over-year decrease in the~~ effective income tax rate for the ~~nine~~three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily reflected the impact of aligning the legal entity structure in Australia and New Zealand with our other foreign operations, which resulted in a tax depreciation benefit of $39 in the nine months ended September 30, 2022, partially offset by the release in 2021 of a valuation allowance on state tax credits.

In March 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act”) was enacted. The CARES Act, among other things, includes provisions relating to net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations, technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property and deferral of employer payroll taxes. The CARES Act31, 2023 did not materially impact our effective tax rate for 2021, and is not expected to impact our effective tax rate in 2022. As of September 30, 2022, we had deferred employer payroll taxes of $27 under the CARES Act, all of which is due in 2022.change significantly year-over-year.

Balance sheet. ~~Accounts receivable, net increased~~Prepaid expenses and other assets decreased by ~~$257,~~$114, or ~~15.3~~29.9 percent, from December 31, ~~2021~~2022 to ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, primarily due to ~~increased revenue. Accounts payable increased~~the use of a portion of a tax receivable associated with the Ahern Rentals acquisition to reduce

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cash paid for income taxes (see note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further detail). Accrued expenses and other liabilities decreased by ~~$320,~~$138, or ~~39.2~~12.1 percent, from December 31, ~~2021~~2022 to ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, primarily due to the payment of accrued bonuses. Operating lease right-of-use assets increased ~~business activity, which reflected seasonality~~by $245, or 29.9 percent, and ~~improved economic conditions.~~operating lease liabilities increased by $215, or 33.5 percent, from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023, and both increases primarily reflect the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition, as discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. See the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for further information on changes in cash and cash equivalents, the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity for further information on changes in stockholders’ equity and note 68 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information on debt changes.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

We manage our liquidity using internal cash management practices, which are subject to (i) the policies and cooperation of the financial institutions we utilize to maintain and provide cash management services, (ii) the terms and other requirements of the agreements to which we are a party and (iii) the statutes, regulations and practices of each of the local jurisdictions in which we operate. ~~See "Financial Overview" above for a summary of the 2022 capital structure actions taken to improve our financial flexibility and liquidity.~~

On ~~January 25,~~October 24, 2022, our Board of Directors authorized a $1$1.25 billion share repurchase program. This program ~~which commenced~~was paused through the initial phase of the integration of the Ahern Rentals acquisition, and repurchases began in the first quarter of ~~2022.~~2023. We ~~completed this~~expect to repurchase $1.0 billion of common stock under the program in 2023, and have repurchased $250 under the ~~third quarter~~program through March 31, 2023. A 1 percent excise tax is imposed on “net repurchases” (certain purchases minus certain issuances) of ~~2022.~~common stock. The repurchases above (as well as the total program size and expected 2023 repurchases) do not include the excise tax, which totaled $1 year-to-date through March 31, 2023. Since 2012, we have repurchased a total of ~~$4.957~~$5.208 billion (inclusive of immaterial excise taxes, which were first imposed in 2023) of Holdings' common stock under our share repurchase programs (comprised of seven programs that have ended ~~including~~and the current program).

Our Board of Directors also approved our first-ever quarterly dividend program in January 2023, and the first dividend under the program ~~that commenced~~was paid in February 2023. We did not pay any dividends prior to 2023, and ~~was completed in 2022)~~during the three months ended March 31, 2023, we paid dividends totaling $103 ($1.48 per share). On ~~October 24, 2022,~~April 26, 2023, our Board ~~authorized~~of Directors declared a ~~$1.25 billion~~quarterly dividend of $1.48 per share, ~~repurchase program, which is expected~~payable on May 24, 2023 to ~~commence in the fourth quarter~~stockholders of ~~2022 and be completed in~~record on May 10, 2023.

Our principal existing sources of cash are cash generated from operations and from the sale of rental equipment, and borrowings available under our ABL facility and accounts receivable securitization facility. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of ~~$76. Cash equivalents at September 30, 2022 consist of direct obligations of financial institutions rated A or better.~~$99. We believe that our existing sources of cash will be sufficient to support our existing operations over the next 12 months. The table below presents financial information associated with our principal sources of cash as of and for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022:~~March 31, 2023:



ABL facility:
Borrowing capacity, net of letters of credit	$	~~2,764~~2,336
Outstanding debt, net of debt issuance costs	~~1,409~~1,838
Interest rate at ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023	~~4.2~~5.9		%
Average month-end principal amount of debt outstanding ~~(1)~~	~~1,152~~1,750
Weighted-average interest rate on average debt outstanding	~~2.7~~5.7		%
Maximum month-end principal amount of debt outstanding ~~(1)~~	~~1,621~~1,848
Accounts receivable securitization facility:
Borrowing capacity	3220
Outstanding debt, net of debt issuance costs	~~1,096~~879
Interest rate at ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023	~~3.4~~5.7		%
Average month-end principal amount of debt outstanding	~~946~~966
Weighted-average interest rate on average debt outstanding	~~2.1~~5.6		%
Maximum month-end principal amount of debt outstanding	~~1,097~~1,100

~~___________________~~

~~(1)As discussed in note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, in May 2022, we redeemed $500 principal amount of our 5~~ 1/2 percent Senior Notes, using cash and borrowings under the ABL facility. The maximum outstanding amount of debt under the ABL facility exceeded the average outstanding amount primarily due to the use of borrowings under the ABL facility to fund the partial redemption of the 5 1/2 ~~percent Senior Notes.~~

We expect that our principal needs for cash relating to our operations over the next 12 months will be to fund (i) operating activities and working capital, (ii) the purchase of rental equipment and inventory items offered for sale, (iii) payments due under operating leases, (iv) debt service, (v) share repurchases, (vi) dividends and ~~(vi)~~(vii) acquisitions. We plan to fund such cash requirements from our existing sources of cash. In addition, we may seek additional financing through the securitization of some of our real estate, the use of additional operating leases or other financing sources as market conditions permit.

To access the capital markets, we rely on credit rating agencies to assign ratings to our securities as an indicator of credit quality. Lower credit ratings generally result in higher borrowing costs and reduced access to debt capital markets. Credit ratings also affect the costs of derivative transactions, including interest rate and foreign currency derivative transactions. As a result, negative changes in our credit ratings could adversely impact our costs of funding. Our credit ratings as of ~~October~~April 24, ~~2022~~2023 were as follows:


	Corporate Rating	Outlook
Moody’s	Ba1	Stable
Standard & Poor’s	BB+	Stable

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A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities. There is no assurance that any rating will remain in effect for a given period of time or that any rating will not be revised or withdrawn by a rating agency in the future.

Loan Covenants and Compliance. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with the covenants and other provisions of the ABL, accounts receivable securitization, term loan and repurchase facilities and the senior notes. Any failure to be in compliance with any material provision or covenant of these agreements could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and operations.

URNA’s payment capacity is restricted under the covenants in the ABL and term loan facilities and the indentures governing its outstanding indebtedness. Although this restricted capacity limits our ability to move operating cash flows to Holdings, because of certain intercompany arrangements, we do not expect any material adverse impact on Holdings’ ability to meet its cash obligations.

Sources and Uses of Cash. During the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we (i) generated cash from operating activities of ~~$3.182 billion,~~$939, (ii) generated cash from the sale of rental and non-rental equipment of ~~$571~~$400 and (iii) received cash from debt proceeds, net of payments, of ~~$193.~~$220. We used cash during this period principally to (i) purchase rental and non-rental equipment and intangible assets of ~~$2.638 billion,~~$870, (ii) purchase other companies for ~~$323 and~~$299 (iii) purchase shares of our common stock for ~~$1.058 billion.~~$303 and (iv) pay dividends of $103. During the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2021,~~March 31, 2022, we (i) generated cash from operating activities of ~~$3.021 billion,~~$886 and (ii) generated cash from the sale of rental and non-rental equipment of ~~$664 and (iii) received cash from debt proceeds, net of payments, of $336.~~$216. We used cash during this period principally to (i) purchase rental and non-rental equipment and intangible assets of ~~$2.450 billion and~~$537, (ii) purchase other companies for ~~$1.435 billion.~~$77, (iii) make debt payments, net of proceeds, of $217 and (iv) purchase shares of our common stock for $318.

Free Cash Flow GAAP Reconciliation. We define “free cash flow” as net cash provided by operating activities less purchases of, and plus proceeds from, equipment and intangible assets. The equipment and intangible asset purchases and proceeds are included in cash flows from investing activities. Management believes that free cash flow provides useful additional information concerning cash flow available to meet future debt service obligations and working capital requirements. However, free cash flow is not a measure of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP. Accordingly, free cash flow should not be considered an alternative to net income or cash flow from operating activities as an indicator of operating performance or liquidity. The table below provides a reconciliation between net cash provided by operating activities and free cash flow.


		Nine Months Ended					Three Months Ended
		September 30,					March 31,
		2022		2021			2023		2022
Net cash provided by operating activities	Net cash provided by operating activities	$	3,182	$	3,021	Net cash provided by operating activities	$	939	$	886
Purchases of rental equipment	Purchases of rental equipment	(2,456)		(2,308)		Purchases of rental equipment	(797)		(482)
Purchases of non-rental equipment and intangible assets	Purchases of non-rental equipment and intangible assets	(182)		(142)		Purchases of non-rental equipment and intangible assets	(73)		(55)
Proceeds from sales of rental equipment	Proceeds from sales of rental equipment	556		644		Proceeds from sales of rental equipment	388		211
Proceeds from sales of non-rental equipment	Proceeds from sales of non-rental equipment	15		20		Proceeds from sales of non-rental equipment	12		5
Insurance proceeds from damaged equipment	Insurance proceeds from damaged equipment	25		19		Insurance proceeds from damaged equipment	9		7

Free cash flow	Free cash flow	$	1,140	$	1,254	Free cash flow	$	478	$	572

Free cash flow for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 was ~~$1.140 billion,~~$478, a decrease of ~~$114~~$94 as compared to ~~$1.254 billion~~$572 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2021.~~March 31, 2022. Free cash flow decreased primarily due to increased net rental capital expenditures (purchases of rental equipment less the proceeds from sales of rental equipment) ~~and increased purchases of non-rental equipment and intangible assets,~~, partially offset by increased net cash provided by operating activities. Net rental capital expenditures increased ~~$236~~$138 year-over-year.

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Relationship between Holdings and URNA. Holdings is principally a holding company and primarily conducts its operations through its wholly owned subsidiary, URNA, and subsidiaries of URNA. Holdings licenses its tradename and other

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intangibles and provides certain services to URNA in connection with its operations. These services principally include: (i) senior management services; (ii) finance and tax-related services and support; (iii) information technology systems and support; (iv) acquisition-related services; (v) legal services; and (vi) human resource support. In addition, Holdings leases certain equipment and real property that are made available for use by URNA and its subsidiaries.

Information Regarding Guarantors of URNA Indebtedness

URNA is 100 percent owned by Holdings and has certain outstanding indebtedness that is guaranteed by both Holdings and, with the exception of its U.S. special purpose vehicle which holds receivable assets relating to the Company’s accounts receivable securitization facility (the “SPV”), captive insurance subsidiary and immaterial subsidiaries acquired in connection with the General Finance acquisition, all of URNA’s U.S. subsidiaries (the “guarantor subsidiaries”). Other than the guarantee by our Canadian subsidiary of URNA's indebtedness under the ABL facility, none of URNA’s indebtedness is guaranteed by URNA's foreign subsidiaries, the SPV, captive insurance subsidiary or immaterial subsidiaries acquired in connection with the General Finance acquisition (together, the “non-guarantor subsidiaries”). The receivable assets owned by the SPV have been sold or contributed by URNA to the SPV and are not available to satisfy the obligations of URNA or Holdings’ other subsidiaries. Holdings consolidates each of URNA and the guarantor subsidiaries in its consolidated financial statements. URNA and the guarantor subsidiaries are all 100 percent-owned and controlled by Holdings. Holdings’ guarantees of URNA’s indebtedness are full and unconditional, except that the guarantees may be automatically released and relieved upon satisfaction of the requirements for legal defeasance or covenant defeasance under the applicable indenture being met. The Holdings guarantees are also subject to subordination provisions (to the same extent that the obligations of the issuer under the relevant notes are subordinated to other debt of the issuer) and to a standard limitation which provides that the maximum amount guaranteed by Holdings will not exceed the maximum amount that can be guaranteed without making the guarantee void under fraudulent conveyance laws.

The guarantees of Holdings and the guarantor subsidiaries are made on a joint and several basis. The guarantees of the guarantor subsidiaries are not full and unconditional because a guarantor subsidiary can be automatically released and relieved of its obligations under certain circumstances, including sale of the guarantor subsidiary, the sale of all or substantially all of the guarantor subsidiary's assets, the requirements for legal defeasance or covenant defeasance under the applicable indenture being met, designating the guarantor subsidiary as an unrestricted subsidiary for purposes of the applicable covenants or the notes being rated investment grade by both Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services and Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., or, in certain circumstances, another rating agency selected by URNA. Like the Holdings guarantees, the guarantees of the guarantor subsidiaries are subject to subordination provisions (to the same extent that the obligations of the issuer under the relevant notes are subordinated to other debt of the issuer) and to a standard limitation which provides that the maximum amount guaranteed by each guarantor will not exceed the maximum amount that can be guaranteed without making the guarantee void under fraudulent conveyance laws.

All of the existing guarantees by Holdings and the guarantor subsidiaries rank equally in right of payment with all of the guarantors' existing and future senior indebtedness. The secured indebtedness of Holdings and the guarantor subsidiaries (including guarantees of URNA’s existing and future secured indebtedness) will rank effectively senior to guarantees of any unsecured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. Future guarantees of subordinated indebtedness will rank junior to any existing and future senior indebtedness of the guarantors. The guarantees of URNA’s indebtedness are effectively junior to any indebtedness of our subsidiaries that are not guarantors, including our foreign subsidiaries. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, the indebtedness of our non-guarantors was comprised of (i) ~~$1.096 billion~~$879 of outstanding borrowings by the SPV in connection with the Company’s accounts receivable securitization facility, (ii) ~~$159~~$117 of outstanding borrowings under the ABL facility by non-guarantor subsidiaries and (iii) ~~$10~~$8 of finance leases of our non-guarantor subsidiaries.

Covenants in the ABL facility, accounts receivable securitization and term loan facilities, and the other agreements governing our debt, impose operating and financial restrictions on URNA, Holdings and the guarantor subsidiaries, including limitations on the ability to make share repurchases and dividend payments. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, the amount available for distribution under the most restrictive of these covenants was ~~$1.171~~$1.158 billion. The Company’s total available capacity for making share repurchases and dividend payments includes the intercompany receivable balance of Holdings. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, our total available capacity for making share repurchases and dividend payments, which includes URNA’s capacity to make restricted payments and the intercompany receivable balance of Holdings, was ~~$5.666~~$6.185 billion.

Based on our understanding of Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X ("Rule 3-10"), we believe that Holdings’ guarantees of URNA indebtedness comply with the conditions set forth in Rule 3-10, which enable us to present summarized financial information for Holdings, URNA and the consolidated guarantor subsidiaries in accordance with Rule 13-01 of Regulation S-X. The summarized financial information excludes the financial information of the non-guarantor subsidiaries. In accordance with

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Rule 3-10, separate financial statements of the guarantor subsidiaries have not been presented. Our presentation below excludes the investment in the non-guarantor subsidiaries and the related income from the non-guarantor subsidiaries.

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The summarized financial information of Holdings, URNA and the guarantor subsidiaries on a combined basis is as follows:



			~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023
Current receivable from non-guarantor subsidiaries			$3623
Other current assets			~~278~~466
Total current assets			~~314~~489
Long-term receivable from non-guarantor subsidiaries			100
Other long-term assets			~~17,379~~20,168
Total long-term assets			~~17,479~~20,268
Total assets			~~17,793~~20,757
Current liabilities			~~2,034~~1,998
Long-term liabilities			~~11,329~~13,981
Total liabilities			~~13,363~~15,979
			~~Nine~~Three Months Ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023
Total revenues			$~~7,494~~2,983
Gross profit			~~3,179~~1,126
Net income			~~1,255~~387

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Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Our exposure to market risk primarily consists of (i) interest rate risk associated with our variable and fixed rate debt and (ii) foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with our foreign operations.

Interest Rate Risk. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we had an aggregate of ~~$3.6~~$3.8 billion of indebtedness that bears interest at variable rates, comprised of borrowings under the ABL, accounts receivable securitization, term loan and repurchase facilities. The amount of variable rate indebtedness outstanding under these facilities may fluctuate significantly. See note 68 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for the amounts outstanding, and the interest rates thereon, as of ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 under these facilities. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, based upon the amount of our variable rate debt outstanding, our annual after-tax earnings would decrease by approximately ~~$27~~$28 for each one percentage point increase in the interest rates applicable to our variable rate debt.

At ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we had an aggregate of ~~$6.3~~$7.9 billion of indebtedness that bears interest at fixed rates. A one percentage point decrease in market interest rates as of ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 would increase the fair value of our fixed rate indebtedness by approximately six percent. For additional information concerning the fair value of our fixed rate debt, see note 57 (see “Fair Value of Financial Instruments”) to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Currency Exchange Risk. We primarily operate in the U.S. and Canada, and have a limited presence in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. During the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, our foreign subsidiaries accounted for ~~$839,~~$301, or 109 percent, of our total revenue of ~~$8.346~~$3.285 billion, and ~~$126,~~$57, or 710 percent, of our total pretax income of ~~$1.907 billion.~~$594. Based on the size of our foreign operations relative to the Company as a whole, we do not believe that a 10 percent change in exchange rates would have a material impact on our earnings. We do not engage in purchasing forward exchange contracts for speculative purposes.

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Item 4.Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The Company’s management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and ~~Interim~~ Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a–15(e) and 15d–15(e) of the Exchange Act, as of ~~September 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. Based on the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ~~Interim~~ Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of ~~September 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.Legal Proceedings

The information set forth under note 79 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q is incorporated by reference in answer to this item.

Item 1A.Risk Factors

Our results of operations and financial condition are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties described in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K, which risk factors are incorporated herein by reference. You should carefully consider the risk factors in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K in conjunction with the other information contained in this report. Should any of these risks materialize, our business, financial condition and future prospects could be negatively impacted.

Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(c) The following table provides information about purchases of Holdings’ common stock by Holdings during the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022:~~2023:

Period Total Number of
Shares Purchased Average Price
Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2) Maximum Dollar Amount of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program (2)
July 1, 2022 to July 31, 2022 159,379 (1) $ 255.57 157,676
August 1, 2022 to August 31, 2022 315,136 (1) $ 320.32 314,827
September 1, 2022 to September 30, 2022 337,944 (1) $ 287.60 336,687
Total 812,459 $ 294.01 809,190 $ —


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)	Maximum Dollar Amount of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program (2)
January 1, 2023 to January 31, 2023	63,945	(1)	$	391.95	—
February 1, 2023 to February 28, 2023	110,898	(1)	$	450.63	109,836
March 1, 2023 to March 31, 2023	553,458	(1)	$	411.01	495,127
Total	728,301		$	415.37	604,963	$	1,000,001,111

(1)In ~~July 2022, August 2022~~January 2023, February 2023 and ~~September 2022, 1,703, 309~~March 2023, 63,945, 1,062 and ~~1,257~~58,331 shares, respectively, were withheld by Holdings to satisfy tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of restricted stock unit awards. These shares were not acquired pursuant to any repurchase plan or program.

(2)On ~~January 25, 2022, our Board authorized a $1 billion share repurchase program, which commenced in the first quarter of 2022 and was completed in the third quarter of 2022. On~~ October 24, 2022, our Board authorized a $1.25 billion share repurchase program, which was paused through the initial phase of the integration of the Ahern Rentals acquisition that is ~~expected~~discussed in note 3 to ~~commence~~the condensed consolidated financial statements. Repurchases under the program began in the ~~fourth~~first quarter of ~~2022~~2023, and ~~be completed~~we expect to repurchase $1.0 billion of common stock under the program in 2023. AsA 1 percent excise tax is imposed on “net repurchases” (certain purchases minus certain issuances) of ~~September 30, 2022, there were no open share repurchase programs.~~common stock. The repurchases above (as well as the total program size and expected 2023 repurchases) do not include the excise tax, which totaled $1 million year-to-date through March 31, 2023.

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Item 6.Exhibits




2(a)			Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 30, 2018, by and among United Rentals, Inc., UR Merger Sub IV Corporation and BakerCorp International Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the United Rentals, Inc. and United Rentals (North America), Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 2, 2018)

2(b)			Asset Purchase Agreement, ~~and Plan of Merger,~~ dated as of ~~September 10, 2018,~~November 11, 2022, by and among United Rentals (North America), Inc., ~~UR Merger Sub V Corporation, Vander Holding Corporation~~Ahern Rentals, Inc., and ~~Platinum Equity Advisors,~~Xtreme Re-Rental, LLC ~~solely in its capacity as the initial Holder Representative thereunder~~ (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the United Rentals, Inc. and United Rentals (North America), Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on ~~September 10, 2018~~November 14, 2022))

2(c)			Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated April 15, 2021, by and among General Finance Corporation, United Rentals (North America), Inc., and UR Merger Sub VI Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by United Rentals, Inc. on April 15, 2021)

3(a)			Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of United Rentals, Inc., dated May 7, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the United Rentals, Inc. and United Rentals (North America), Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 8, 2020)

3(b)			Second Amended and Restated By-Laws of United Rentals, Inc., amended as of May 5, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the United Rentals, Inc. and United Rentals (North America), Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 5, 2022)

3(c)			Restated Certificate of Incorporation of United Rentals (North America), Inc., dated April 30, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(c) of the United Rentals, Inc. and United Rentals (North America), Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013)

3(d)			By-laws of United Rentals (North America), Inc. dated May 8, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(d) of the United Rentals, Inc. and United Rentals (North America), Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013)

10			Employment Agreement, effective as of July 29, 2022, between United Rentals, Inc. and William Edward Grace (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by United Rentals, Inc. on July 22, 2022)

























22			Subsidiary Guarantors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 22 of the United Rentals, Inc. and United Rentals (North America), Inc. Report on Form ~~10-Q~~10-K for the ~~quarter~~fiscal year ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022)

31(a)*			Rule 13a-14(a) Certification by Chief Executive Officer

31(b)*			Rule 13a-14(a) Certification by Chief Financial Officer

32(a)**			Section 1350 Certification by Chief Executive Officer

32(b)**			Section 1350 Certification by Chief Financial Officer

101.INS			XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

101.SCH			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104			Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished (and not filed) herewith pursuant to Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

UNITED RENTALS, INC.

Dated:

~~October~~April 26, ~~2022~~2023

By:

/S/ ANDREW B. LIMOGES

Andrew B. Limoges
Vice President, Controller and Principal Accounting Officer

UNITED RENTALS (NORTH AMERICA), INC.

Dated:

~~October~~April 26, ~~2022~~2023

By:

/S/ ANDREW B. LIMOGES

Andrew B. Limoges
Vice President, Controller and Principal Accounting Officer

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