Note 2 — Current Accounting Developments and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted



Standard	Required Date of Adoption	Description	Effect on Financial Statements
Standards Adopted in 2020
ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments and subsequent related ASUs	January 1, 2020 Early adoption is permitted on January 1, 2019.	The ASU introduces a new current expected credit ~~loss~~losses (“CECL”) model that applies to most financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain instruments, including trade and other receivables, loan receivables, AFS and held-to-maturity debt securities, net investments in leases and off-balance sheet credit exposures. The CECL model utilizes a lifetime “expected credit loss” measurement objective for the recognition of credit losses at the time the financial asset is originated or acquired. The expected credit losses are adjusted in each period for changes in expected lifetime credit losses. ASU 2016-13 also eliminates the guidance for purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) loans, but requires an allowance for loan losses for purchased financial assets with more than an insignificant deterioration of credit since origination. The ASU also modifies the other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) model for AFS debt securities to require an allowance for credit losses instead of a direct write-down. A reversal of the allowance for credit losses is allowed in future periods based on improvements in credit performance expectations. This ASU ~~also~~ expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity’s assumptions, models and methods for estimating the allowance for loan and lease losses, and requires disclosure of the amortized cost balance for each class of financial asset by credit quality indicator, disaggregated by the year of origination (i.e., by vintage year). The guidance should be applied using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the reporting period of adoption. The new guidance also allows optional relief for certain instruments measured at amortized cost with an option to irrevocably elect the fair value option under ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments.	The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 using a modified retrospective approach on January 1, 2020 without electing the fair value option on eligible financial instruments under ASU 2019-05. The Company has completed its implementation efforts, which includes the implementation of new processes and controls over the new credit and loss aggregation models, completion of parallel runs, updates to the allowance documentation, policies and reporting processes. ~~The~~ adoption of this ASU increased the allowance for loan losses by $125.2 million, and allowance for unfunded credit commitments by $10.5 ~~million. The Company also recorded~~million and an after-tax decrease to opening retained earnings of $98.0 million on January 1, 2020. The increase to allowance for loan losses was primarily related to the commercial and industrial (“C&I”) and commercial real estate (“CRE”) loan portfolios. The Company did not record an allowance for credit losses onrelated to the Company’s AFS debt securities as a result of this adoption. Disclosures for periods after January 1, 2020 are presented in accordance with ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable standards and the accounting policies described in the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K. The Company has elected the CECL phase-in option provided by regulatory capital rules, which delays the impact of CECL on regulatory capital for two years, followed by a three-year transition period.
ASU 2017-04, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other ~~(Topic~~(Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment	January 1, 2020 Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests with measurement dates after January 1, 2017.	The ASU simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment. Under this guidance, an entity will no longer perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. Instead, an impairment loss will be recognized when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair ~~value.~~value and the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The guidance also eliminates the requirement to perform a qualitative assessment for any reporting units with a zero or negative carrying amount. This guidance should be applied prospectively.	The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted~~



~~Standard~~	~~Required Date of Adoption~~	~~Description~~	~~Effect on Financial Statements~~
~~Standards Adopted in 2020~~
ASU 2018-15, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other — Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract			January 1, 2020	The ASU amends ASC Topic 350-40 to align the accounting for costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement with the guidance on developing internal use software. Specifically, if a cloud computing arrangement is deemed to be a service contract, certain implementation costs are eligible for capitalization. The new guidance prescribes the balance sheet and income statement presentation and cash flow classification for the capitalized costs and related amortization expense. The amendments in this ASU should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption.	The Company adopted this guidance on a prospective basis on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~Recent Accounting Pronouncements~~



~~Standard~~

Recent Accounting Pronouncement


Standard	Required Date of Adoption	Description	Effect on Financial Statements
Standard Not Yet Adopted
ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting	Effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022.	In March 2020, the FASB issued a new accounting standard related to contracts or hedging relationships that reference ~~LIBOR~~London interbank offered rate or other reference rates that are expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. This ASU ~~provide~~provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions regarding the accounting requirements related to the modification of certain contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that are affected by the reference rate reform. The guidance permits the Company to make a one-time election to sell and/or transfer qualifying held-to-maturity securities, and not to apply modification accounting or remeasure lease payments in lease contracts if the changes to the contract are related to the discontinuation of the reference rate. If certain criteria are met, the amendments also allow exceptions to the ~~dedesignation~~de-designation criteria of the hedging relationship and the assessment of hedge effectiveness during the transition period. This one time election may be made at any time after March 12, 2020, but no later than December 31, 2022.	The Company has not yet made a determination on whether it will make this election and is currently tracking the exposure as of each reporting period and assessing the significance of impact towards implementing any necessary modification in consideration of the election of this amendment. WeThe Company will continue to assess the impact as the reference rate transition occurs over the next two years.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company has revised the following significant accounting ~~policies as a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-13.~~policies.

Allowance for Loan Losses — The allowance for loan losses is established as management’s estimate of expected credit losses inherent in the Company’s lending activities and increased by the provision for credit losses and decreased by net charge-offs. ~~Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance for loan losses.~~ The allowance for loan losses is evaluated quarterly by management based on ~~periodic review~~regular reviews of the collectability of the ~~loans, and more often if deemed necessary.~~loans. The Company develops and documents the allowance for loan losses methodology at the portfolio segment level ——the commercial loan portfolio ~~comprising~~is comprised of C&I, CRE, multifamily residential, and construction and land loans; and the consumer loan portfolio ~~comprising~~is comprised of single-family residential, home equity lines of credit (“~~HELOC”~~HELOCs”), and other consumer loans.

The allowance for loan losses represents the portion of ~~the~~a loan’s amortized cost basis that the Company does not expect to collect due to anticipated credit losses over the loan’s contractual ~~life.~~life, adjusted for prepayments. The Company measures the expected loan losses on a collective pool basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Models consisting of quantitative and qualitative components are designed for each pool to develop the expected credit loss estimates. Reasonable and supportable forecast periods vary by loan portfolio. The ~~collectively evaluated loans include non-classified and classified loans that have been determined as not impaired. The~~ Company has adopted lifetime loss rate models for the portfolios, which use historical loss rates and forecast economic variables to calculate the expected credit losses for each loan pool.

When ~~the~~ loans do not share similar risk characteristics, the Company evaluates the loan for expected credit losses on an individual ~~basis (e.g., impaired loans).~~basis. Individually assessed loans include nonaccrual and troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) loans. The Company ~~considers~~evaluates loans ~~to be impaired~~for expected credit losses on an individual basis if, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the original contractual terms of the loan agreement. ~~For loans determined to be impaired,~~The following three different asset valuation measurement methods are available: (1) the present value of expected future cash flows, (2) the fair value of collateral less costs to sell, and (3) the loan's observable market price. The allowance for loan losses for collateral-dependent loans is determined based on the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell. For loans that are not collateral-dependent, the Company applies the present value of expected future cash flows valuation or the market value of the loan. When the loan is deemed uncollectible, it is the Company’s policy is to promptly charge off the estimated ~~impaired amount.~~credit losses.

The amortized cost of loans held-for-investment excludes accrued interest, which is included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company has made an accounting policy election to not to recognize an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables as the Company reverses accrued interest if a loan is on nonaccrual ~~loans since the Company timely reverses any previously accrued interest when the borrower remains in default for an extended period.~~status.

The allowance for loan losses is reported separately on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and the Provision for credit losses is reported on the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Allowance for Unfunded Credit Commitments — The allowance for unfunded credit commitments includes reserves provided for unfunded loan commitments, letters of credit, standby letters of credit (“SBLCs”) and recourse obligations for loans sold. The Company estimates the allowance for unfunded credit commitments over the contractual period in which the entity is exposed to credit risk via a present contractual obligation to extend credit. Within the period of credit exposure, the estimate of credit losses will consider both the likelihood that funding will occur, and an estimate of the expected credit losses on the commitments that are expected to fund over their estimated lives.

The allowance for unfunded credit commitments is maintained at a level believed by management to be sufficient to absorb estimated expected credit losses related to unfunded credit facilities. The determination of the adequacy of the allowance is based on periodic evaluations of the unfunded credit facilities. For all ~~off-balance-sheet~~off-balance sheet instruments and commitments, ~~including unfunded lending commitments, letters of credit, SBLCs and recourse obligations for loans sold,~~ the unfunded credit exposure is calculated using utilization assumptions based on the Company's historical utilization experience in related portfolio segments. Loss rates are applied to the calculated exposure balances to estimate the allowance for unfunded credit commitments. Other elements such as credit risk factors for loans outstanding, terms and expiration dates of the unfunded credit facilities, and other pertinent information are considered to determine the adequacy of the allowance.

The allowance for unfunded credit commitments is included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Changes to the allowance for unfunded credit commitments are included in Provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Income Statements.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Available-for-Sale Debt Securities— ASU 2016-13 modifies the ~~impairment~~OTTI model for AFS debt ~~securities.~~securities to apply an allowance approach for credit impairment as opposed to permanently writing down the cost basis of the security. For each reporting period, AFS debt ~~securities~~security that ~~are~~is in an unrealized loss position ~~are~~is individually analyzed as part of the Company’s ongoing assessments to determine whether a ~~decline in~~ fair value below the amortized cost basis has resulted from a credit loss or other factors. The initial indicator of impairment is a decline in fair value below the amortized cost, excluding accrued interest, of the AFS debt security. The Company first considers whether there is a plan to sell the AFS debt security or it is more-likely-than-not that it will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of the amortized cost. In determining whether an impairment is due to credit related factors, the Company considers the severity of the decline in fair value, nature of the security, the underlying collateral, the financial condition of the issuer, changes in the AFS debt securities’ ratings and other qualitative ~~factors, as well as whether~~factors. For securities that are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government, or certain government enterprises, the Company ~~either plans to sell~~believes that the debt security or it is more-likely-than-not that it will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of the amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 removes the ability to consider the length of time the debt security has been in an unrealized loss position as a factor, either by itself or in combination with other factors, to conclude that a credit loss ~~does not exist.~~exposure on these securities is remote and applies a zero credit loss assumption.

When the Company does not intend to sell the impaired AFS debt security and it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will not be required to sell the impaired debt security prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis, the credit component of the unrealized loss of the impaired AFS debt security is recognized as an allowance for credit losses, with a corresponding Provision for credit losseson the Consolidated Statement of Income and the non-credit component is recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss), on the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, net of applicable taxes. At each reporting period, the Company increases or decreases the allowance for credit losses as appropriate, while limiting reversals of the allowance for credit losses to the extent of the amounts previously recorded. If the Company intends to sell the impaired debt security or it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will be required to sell the impaired debt security prior to recovering its amortized cost basis, the entire impairment amount is recognized as an adjustment to the debt security’s amortized cost basis, with a corresponding Provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statement of Income.

The amortized cost of the Company’s AFS debt securities excludes accrued interest, which is included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company has made an accounting policy election to not ~~to measure~~recognize an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables on AFS debt securities ~~since~~as the Company ~~timely~~ reverses any ~~previously~~ accrued interest ~~when the~~if a debt security ~~remains in default for an extended period.~~ is impaired. As each AFS debt security has a unique security structure, where the accrual status is clearly determined when certain criteria listed in the terms are met, the Company assesses the default status of each security as defined by the debt security’s specific security structure.

Allowance for Collateral-Dependent Financial Assets — A financial asset is considered collateral-dependent if repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. The allowance for credit losses is measured on an individual basis for collateral-dependent financial assets and determined by comparing the fair value of the collateral, minus the cost to sell, to the amortized cost basis of the related financial asset at the reporting date. Other than ~~impaired~~ loans, collateral-dependent financial assets could also include resale agreements. In arrangements in which the borrower must continually adjust the collateral securing the asset to reflect changes in the collateral’s fair value (e.g., resale agreements), the Company estimates the expected credit losses on the basis of the unsecured portion of the amortized cost as of the balance sheet date. If the fair value of the collateral is equal to or greater than the amortized cost of the resale agreement, the expected losses would be zero. If the fair value of the collateral is less than the amortized cost of the asset, the expected losses are limited to the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the resale agreement.

Allowance for Purchased Credit Deteriorated Assets — ASU 2016-13 replaces the concept of PCI accounting under ASC 310-30 Receivables - Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality with the concept of purchased financial assets with credit ~~deterioration (“PCD”).~~deterioration. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 using the prospective transition approach for ~~PCD~~Purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) assets that were previously classified as PCI assets. PCD financial assets are defined as acquired individual financial assets (or groups with similar risk characteristics) that as of the date of acquisition, have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination. For PCD debt securities and PCD loans, the company records the allowance for credit losses by grossing up the initial amortized cost, which includes the purchase price and the allowance for credit losses. The expected credit losses of PCD debt securities are measured at the individual security level. The expected credit losses for PCD loans are measured based on the loan’s unpaid principal balance. Beginning January 1, 2020, for any asset designated as a PCD asset at the time of acquisition, the Company estimates and records an allowance for credit losses, which is added to the purchase price to establish the initial amortized cost basis of the financial asset. Hence, there is no income statement impact onfrom the acquisition. Subsequent changes in the allowance for credit losses on PCD assets will be recognized in Provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The ~~noncredit~~non-credit discount or premium will be accreted to interest income based on the effective interest rate on the PCD assets determined after the gross-up for the allowance for credit losses.

Troubled Debt Restructurings — The Company has implemented various loan modification programs to provide its borrowers relief from the economic impacts of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”). In accordance with the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), the Company has elected to not apply TDR classification to any COVID-19 related loan modifications that were performed after March 1, 2020 to borrowers who were current as of December 31, 2019. For loans modified in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that do not meet the CARES Act criteria (e.g., current payment status as of December 31, 2019), the Company has applied the guidance included in “Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customer Affected by the Coronavirus (Revised)” (the “Interagency Statement”) issued by the federal banking regulators on April 7, 2020. The Interagency Statement states that loan modifications performed in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, including loan payment deferrals that are up to six months in duration, that were granted to borrowers who were current as of the implementation date of a loan modification program or modifications granted under government mandated modification programs, are not TDRs. The delinquency of the loans modified under the CARES Act and Interagency Statement is frozen at the time of the modification, and interest income continues to be recognized over the contractual life of the loan. For more information on the Company's TDR accounting, see Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Principles — Troubled Debt Restructurings to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Paycheck Protection Program — From April to August 2020, the Company accepted Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) applications and originated loans to qualified small businesses under the PPP established by the CARES Act. These loans are included in the C&I portfolio, carry an interest rate of 1%, and are 100% guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”). No allowance for loan losses was recorded for these loans as of September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2020, the Company funded over 7,400 SBA 7(a) approved PPP loans with an outstanding loan balance of $1.77 billion. The substantial majority of the Company’s PPP loans have a term of two years. The SBA paid the Company fees for processing PPP loans in the following amounts: (1) five percent for loans of not more than $350,000; (2) three percent for loans of more than $350,000 and less than $2,000,000; and (3) one percent for loans of at least $2,000,000. Loan processing fees paid to the Company by the SBA are accounted for as loan origination fees, where net deferred fees are recognized over the estimated life of the loan as a yield adjustment on the loans. Payments by borrowers on PPP loans begin ten months after the loan forgiveness covered period. Under the terms of the PPP, such loans are eligible to be forgiven if certain conditions are satisfied, in which case the SBA will make payments to the Company for the forgiven amounts. If a loan is paid off or forgiven by the SBA prior to its projected estimated life, the remaining unamortized deferred fees will be recognized as interest income in that period.

Note 3 — Fair Value Measurement and Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value Determination

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or the price that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining the fair value of financial instruments, the Company uses various methods including market and income approaches. Based on these approaches, the Company utilizes certain assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated or generally unobservable. The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy noted below is based on the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair value. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices available in active markets and the lowest priority to prices derived from data lacking transparency. The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities is classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

•Level 1 — Valuation is based on quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.

•Level 2 — Valuation is based on quoted prices for similar instruments traded in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments traded in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable and can be corroborated by market data.

•Level 3 — Valuation is based on significant unobservable inputs for determining the fair value of assets or liabilities. These significant unobservable inputs reflect assumptions that market participants may use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

The classification of assets and liabilities within the hierarchy is based on whether inputs to the valuation methodology used are observable or unobservable, and the significance of those inputs in the fair value measurement. The Company’s assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to their fair value measurements.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following section describes the valuation methodologies used by the Company to measure financial assets and liabilities on a recurring basis, as well as the general classification of these instruments pursuant to the fair value hierarchy.

Available-for-Sale Debt Securities —— When available, the Company uses quoted market prices to determine the fair value of AFS debt securities, which are classified as Level 1. Level 1 AFS debt securities are comprised of U.S. Treasury securities. The fair value of other AFS debt securities is generally determined by independent external pricing service providers who have experience in valuing these securities or by taking the average quoted market prices obtained from independent external brokers. The valuations provided by the third-party pricing service providers are based on observable market inputs, which include benchmark yields, reported trades, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers, prepayment expectation and reference data obtained from market research publications. Inputs used by the third-party pricing service providers in valuing collateralized mortgage obligations and other securitization structures also include new issue data, monthly payment information, whole loan collateral performance, tranche evaluation and “To Be Announced” prices. In valuing securities issued by state and political subdivisions, inputs used by third-party pricing service providers also include material event notices.

On a monthly basis, the Company validates the valuations provided by third-party pricing service providers to ensure that the fair value determination is consistent with the applicable accounting guidance and the financial instruments are properly classified in the fair value hierarchy. To perform this validation, the Company evaluates the fair values of securities by comparing the fair values provided by the third-party pricing service providers to prices from other available independent sources for the same securities. When variances in prices are identified, the Company further compares inputs used by different sources to ascertain the reliability of these sources. On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews the documentation received from the third-party pricing service providers regarding the valuation inputs and methodology used for each category of securities.

When pricing is unavailable from third-party pricing service providers for certain securities, the Company requests market quotes from various independent external brokers and utilizes the average quoted market prices. These valuations are based on observable inputs in the current marketplace and are classified as Level 2. The Company periodically communicates with the independent external brokers to validate their pricing methodology. Information such as pricing sources, pricing assumptions, data inputs and valuation technique are reviewed.

Equity Securities — Equity securities consisted of mutual funds as of both ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Company uses ~~Net Asset Value~~net asset value (“NAV”) information to determine the fair value of these equity securities. When NAV is available periodically and the equity securities can be put back to the transfer agents at the publicly available NAV, the fair value of the equity securities is classified as Level 1. When NAV is available periodically but the equity securities may not be readily marketable at its periodic NAV in the secondary market, the fair value of these equity securities is classified as Level 2.

Interest Rate Contracts — The Company enters into interest rate swap and option contracts with its borrowers to lock in attractive intermediate and long-term interest rates, resulting in the customer obtaining a synthetic fixed-rate loan. To economically hedge against the interest rate risks in the products offered to its customers, the Company enters into mirrored offsetting interest rate contracts with third-party financial institutions. The Company also enters into interest rate swap contracts with institutional counterparties to hedge against certificates of deposit ~~issued.~~issued and certain variable interest rate borrowings. The fair value of the interest rate swaps is determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash payments (or receipts) and the discounted expected variable cash receipts (or payments). The fair value of the interest rate options, which consist of floors and caps, is determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates fall below (rise above) the strike rate of the floors (caps). In addition, to comply with the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, the Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements of its derivatives. The credit valuation adjustments associated with the Company’s derivatives utilize model-derived credit spreads, which are Level 3 inputs. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of these interest rate contracts and has determined that the credit valuation adjustments were not significant to the overall valuation of its derivative portfolios. As a result, the Company classifies these derivative instruments as Level 2 due to the observable nature of the significant inputs utilized.

Foreign Exchange Contracts — The Company enters into foreign exchange contracts to accommodate the business needs of its customers. For a majority of the foreign exchange contracts entered with its customers, the Company entered into offsetting foreign exchange contracts with third-party financial institutions to manage its exposure. The Company also utilizes foreign exchange contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments to mitigate the economic effect of fluctuations in certain foreign currency on-balance sheet assets and liabilities, primarily foreign currency denominated deposits that it offers to its customers. The fair value is determined at each reporting period based on changes in the foreign exchange rates. These are over-the-counter contracts where quoted market prices are not readily available. Valuation is measured using conventional valuation methodologies with observable market data. Due to the short-term nature of the majority of these contracts, the counterparties’ credit risks are considered nominal and result in no adjustments to the valuation of the foreign exchange contracts. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the fair value of these contracts, the valuation of foreign exchange contracts are classified as Level 2. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the ~~Company~~Bank held foreign currency non-deliverable forward contracts to hedge its net investment in its China subsidiary, East West Bank (China) Limited, a non-U.S. dollar (“USD”) functional currency subsidiary in China. These foreign currency non-deliverable forward contracts were designated as net investment hedges. The fair value of foreign currency contracts is determined by comparing the contracted foreign exchange rate to the current market foreign exchange rate. Key inputs of the current market exchange rate include spot rates and forward rates of the contractual currencies. Foreign exchange forward curves are used to determine which forward rate pertains to a specific maturity. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value, these instruments are classified as Level 2.

Credit Contracts — The Company may periodically enter into credit risk participation agreements (“RPAs”) to manage the credit exposure on interest rate contracts associated with the syndicated loans. The Company may enter into protection sold or protection purchased RPAs with institutional counterparties. The fair value of RPAs is calculated by determining the total expected asset or liability exposure of the derivatives to the borrowers and applying the borrowers’ credit spread to that exposure. Total expected exposure incorporates both the current and potential future exposure of the derivatives, derived from using observable inputs, such as yield curves and volatilities. The majority of the inputs used to value the RPAs are ~~observable~~. ~~Accordingly,~~observable; accordingly, RPAs fall within Level 2.

Equity Contracts —— As part of the loan origination process, ~~from time to time,~~ the Company periodically obtains warrants to purchase preferred and/or common stock of technology and life sciences companies to which it provides ~~loans to.~~loans. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the warrants included on the Consolidated Financial Statements were from both public and private companies. The Company values these warrants based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model. For warrants from public companies, the model uses the underlying stock price, stated strike price, warrant expiration date, risk-free interest rate based on a duration-matched U.S. Treasury rate and market-observable company-specific option volatility as inputs to value the warrants. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the estimated fair value, warrants from public companies are classified as Level 2. For warrants from private companies, the model uses inputs such as the offering price observed in the most recent round of funding, stated strike price, warrant expiration date, risk-free interest rate based on duration-matched U.S. Treasury rate and option volatility. The Company applies proxy volatilities based on the industry sectors of the private companies. The model values are then adjusted for a general lack of liquidity due to the private nature of the underlying companies. Due to the unobservable nature of the option volatility and liquidity discount assumptions used in deriving the estimated fair value, warrants from private companies are classified as Level 3. Since both option volatility and liquidity discount assumptions are subject to management’s judgment, measurement uncertainty is inherent in the valuation of private companies’ warrants. Given that the Company holds long positions in all warrants, an increase in volatility assumption would generally result in an increase in fair value. A higher liquidity discount would result in a decrease in fair value. On a quarterly basis, the changes in the fair value of warrants from private companies are reviewed for reasonableness, and a measurement uncertainty analysis on the option volatility and liquidity discount assumptions is performed.

Commodity Contracts — The Company enters into energy commodity contracts in the form of swaps and options with its commercial loan customers to allow them to hedge against the risk of fluctuation in energy commodity prices. The fair value of the commodity option contracts is determined using the Black-Scholes model and assumptions that include expectations of future commodity price and volatility. The future commodity contract price is derived from observable inputs such as the market price of the commodity. Commodity swaps are structured as an exchange of fixed cash flows for floating cash flows. The fixed cash flows are predetermined based on the known volumes and fixed price as specified in the swap agreement. The floating cash flows are correlated with the change of forward commodity prices, which is derived from market corroborated futures settlement prices. The fair value of the commodity swaps is determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash payments (or receipts) and the discounted expected variable cash receipts (or payments) based on the market prices of the commodity. As a result, the Company classifies these derivative instruments as Level 2 due to the observable nature of the significant inputs utilized.

The following tables present financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:



($ in thousands)	Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis as of September 30, 2020
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Fair Value
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	50,998	$	0	$	0	$	50,998
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities	0		727,062		0		727,062
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	0		967,109		0		967,109
Residential mortgage-backed securities	0		1,238,009		0		1,238,009
Municipal securities	0		333,275		0		333,275
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	0		214,676		0		214,676
Residential mortgage-backed securities	0		277,613		0		277,613
Corporate debt securities	0		251,177		0		251,177
Foreign government bonds	0		132,671		0		132,671
Asset-backed securities	0		63,148		0		63,148
Collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”)	0		283,422		0		283,422
Total AFS debt securities	$	50,998	$	4,488,162	$	0	$	4,539,160

Investments in tax credit and other investments:
Equity securities (1)	$	22,538	$	8,741	$	0	$	31,279
Total investments in tax credit and other investments	$	22,538	$	8,741	$	0	$	31,279

Derivative assets:
Interest rate contracts	$	0	$	566,635	$	0	$	566,635
Foreign exchange contracts	0		19,134		0		19,134
Credit contracts	0		47		0		47
Equity contracts	0		12,455		310		12,765
Commodity contracts	0		110,029		0		110,029
Gross derivative assets	$	0	$	708,300	$	310	$	708,610
Netting adjustments (2)	$	0	$	(109,696)	$	0	$	(109,696)
Net derivative assets	$	0	$	598,604	$	310	$	598,914

Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate contracts	$	0	$	372,057	$	0	$	372,057
Foreign exchange contracts	0		14,782		0		14,782
Credit contracts	0		307		0		307
Commodity contracts	0		118,873		0		118,873
Gross derivative liabilities	$	0	$	506,019	$	0	$	506,019
Netting adjustments (2)	$	0	$	(202,131)	$	0	$	(202,131)
Net derivative liabilities	$	0	$	303,888	$	0	$	303,888

($ in thousands) Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
as of March 31, 2020
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1) Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2) Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3) Total
Fair Value
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities $ 51,428
$ —
$ —
$ 51,428
U.S. government agency and U.S. government- sponsored enterprise debt securities —
518,408
—
518,408
U.S. government agency and U.S. government- sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities —
697,948
—
697,948
Residential mortgage-backed securities —
1,352,367
—
1,352,367
Municipal securities —
309,626
—
309,626
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities —
87,114
—
87,114
Residential mortgage-backed securities —
62,134
—
62,134
Corporate debt securities —
10,963
—
10,963
Foreign bonds —
284,521
—
284,521
Asset-backed securities —
61,556
—
61,556
Collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) —
259,878
—
259,878
Total AFS debt securities $ 51,428
$ 3,644,515
$ —
$ 3,695,943

Investments in tax credit and other investments:
Equity securities ⁽¹⁾
$ 22,195
$ 8,135
$ —
$ 30,330
Total investments in tax credit and other investments $ 22,195
$ 8,135
$ —
$ 30,330

Derivative assets:
Interest rate contracts $ —
$ 605,122
$ —
$ 605,122
Foreign exchange contracts —
64,383
—
64,383
Credit contracts —
8
—
8
Equity contracts —
415
713
1,128
Commodity contracts —
163,563
—
163,563
Gross derivative assets $ —
$ 833,491
$ 713
$ 834,204
Netting adjustments ⁽²⁾
$ —
$ (178,774 ) $ —
$ (178,774 )
Net derivative assets $ —
$ 654,717
$ 713
$ 655,430

Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate contracts $ —
$ 403,351
$ —
$ 403,351
Foreign exchange contracts —
55,658
—
55,658
Credit contracts —
218
—
218
Commodity contracts —
199,288
—
199,288
Gross derivative liabilities $ —
$ 658,515
$ —
$ 658,515
Netting adjustments ⁽²⁾
$ —
$ (243,101 ) $ —
$ (243,101 )
Net derivative liabilities $ —
$ 415,414
$ —
$ 415,414

(1)Equity securities consist of mutual funds with readily determinable fair values.


~~(1)~~	~~Equity securities consist of mutual funds with readily determinable fair values.~~


~~(2)~~	(2)Represents balance sheet netting of derivative assets and liabilities and related cash collateral under master netting agreements or similar agreements. See Note 6 — Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information.

($ in thousands) Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
as of December 31, 2019

Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

Total
Fair Value
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities $ 176,422
$ —
$ —
$ 176,422
U.S. government agency and U.S. government- sponsored enterprise debt securities —
581,245
—
581,245
U.S. government agency and U.S. government- sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities:

Commercial mortgage-backed securities —
603,471
—
603,471
Residential mortgage-backed securities —
1,003,897
—
1,003,897
Municipal securities —
102,302
—
102,302
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities —
88,550
—
88,550
Residential mortgage-backed securities —
46,548
—
46,548
Corporate debt securities —
11,149
—
11,149
Foreign bonds —
354,172
—
354,172
Asset-backed securities —
64,752
—
64,752
CLOs —
284,706
—
284,706
Total AFS debt securities $ 176,422
$ 3,140,792
$ —
$ 3,317,214

Investments in tax credit and other investments:
Equity securities ⁽¹⁾
$ 21,746
$ 9,927
$ —
$ 31,673
Total investments in tax credit and other investments $ 21,746
$ 9,927
$ —
$ 31,673

Derivative assets:
Interest rate contracts $ —
$ 192,883
$ —
$ 192,883
Foreign exchange contracts —
54,637
—
54,637
Credit contracts —
2
—
2
Equity contracts —
993
421
1,414
Commodity contracts —
81,380
—
81,380
Gross derivative assets $ —
$ 329,895
$ 421
$ 330,316
Netting adjustments ⁽²⁾
$ —
$ (125,319 ) $ —
$ (125,319 )
Net derivative assets $ —
$ 204,576
$ 421
$ 204,997

Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate contracts $ —
$ 127,317
$ —
$ 127,317
Foreign exchange contracts —
48,610
—
48,610
Credit contracts —
84
—
84
Commodity contracts —
80,517
—
80,517
Gross derivative liabilities $ —
$ 256,528
$ —
$ 256,528
Netting adjustments ⁽²⁾
$ —
$ (159,799 ) $ —
$ (159,799 )
Net derivative liabilities $ —
$ 96,729
$ —
$ 96,729


~~(1)~~	~~Equity securities consist of mutual funds with readily determinable fair values.~~

~~(2)~~



($ in thousands)	Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis as of December 31, 2019
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Fair Value
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	176,422	$	0	$	0	$	176,422
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities	0		581,245		0		581,245
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	0		603,471		0		603,471
Residential mortgage-backed securities	0		1,003,897		0		1,003,897
Municipal securities	0		102,302		0		102,302
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	0		88,550		0		88,550
Residential mortgage-backed securities	0		46,548		0		46,548
Corporate debt securities	0		11,149		0		11,149
Foreign government bonds	0		354,172		0		354,172
Asset-backed securities	0		64,752		0		64,752
CLOs	0		284,706		0		284,706
Total AFS debt securities	$	176,422	$	3,140,792	$	0	$	3,317,214

Investments in tax credit and other investments:
Equity securities (1)	$	21,746	$	9,927	$	0	$	31,673
Total investments in tax credit and other investments	$	21,746	$	9,927	$	0	$	31,673

Derivative assets:
Interest rate contracts	$	0	$	192,883	$	0	$	192,883
Foreign exchange contracts	0		54,637		0		54,637
Credit contracts	0		2		0		2
Equity contracts	0		993		421		1,414
Commodity contracts	0		81,380		0		81,380
Gross derivative assets	$	0	$	329,895	$	421	$	330,316
Netting adjustments (2)	$	0	$	(125,319)	$	0	$	(125,319)
Net derivative assets	$	0	$	204,576	$	421	$	204,997

Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate contracts	$	0	$	127,317	$	0	$	127,317
Foreign exchange contracts	0		48,610		0		48,610
Credit contracts	0		84		0		84
Commodity contracts	0		80,517		0		80,517
Gross derivative liabilities	$	0	$	256,528	$	0	$	256,528
Netting adjustments (2)	$	0	$	(159,799)	$	0	$	(159,799)
Net derivative liabilities	$	0	$	96,729	$	0	$	96,729

(1)Equity securities consist of mutual funds with readily determinable fair values.

(2)Represents balance sheet netting of derivative assets and liabilities and related cash collateral under master netting agreements or similar agreements. See Note 6 — Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information.

For the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and 2019, Level 3 fair value measurements that were measured on a recurring basis consist of warrants issued by private companies. The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of these equity warrants for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and 2019:



($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Equity Contracts
Beginning balance	$	316	$	392	$	421	$	673

Total (losses) gains included in earnings (1)	(6)		10		8,262		548




Issuances	0		0		0		28

Settlements	0		0		0		(847)
Transfers out of Level 3 (2)	0		0		(8,373)		0
Ending balance	$	310	$	402	$	310	$	402

($ in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019
Equity Contracts
Beginning balance $ 421
$ 673
Total gains (losses) included in earnings ⁽¹⁾
292
(231 )
Ending balance
$ 713
$ 442

(1)Includes unrealized (losses) gains of $(6) thousand and $10 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $8.3 million and $(225) thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The realized/unrealized gains (losses) of equity warrants are included in Lending fees on the Consolidated Statement of Income.

(2)During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company transferred $8.4 million of equity contracts measured on a recurring basis out of Level 3 into Level 2 after the corresponding issuer of the equity warrant, which was previously a private company, completed its initial public offering and became a public company.


~~(1)~~	Includes unrealized gains (losses) of $292 thousand and $(43) thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The realized/unrealized gains (losses) of equity warrants are included in ~~Lending fees~~ ~~on the Consolidated Statement of Income.~~

The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of Level 3 fair value measurements as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The significant unobservable inputs presented in the table below are those that the Company considers significant to the fair value of the Level 3 assets. The Company considers unobservable inputs to be significant if, by their exclusion, the fair value of the Level 3 assets would be impacted by a predetermined percentage change.

($ in thousands)
Fair Value
Measurements
(Level 3)

Valuation
Technique

Unobservable
Inputs
Range of Inputs
Weighted-
Average ⁽¹⁾
March 31, 2020
Derivative assets:
Equity contracts $ 713
Black-Scholes option pricing model Equity volatility 72% — 86% 82%
Liquidity discount 47% 47%
December 31, 2019
Derivative assets:
Equity contracts $ 421
Black-Scholes option pricing model Equity volatility 39% — 44% 42%
Liquidity discount 47% 47%


~~(1)~~	~~Weighted-average is calculated based on fair value of equity warrants as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.~~



($ in thousands)	Fair Value Measurements (Level 3)		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range of Inputs	Weighted- Average (1)
September 30, 2020
Derivative assets:
Equity contracts	$	310	Black-Scholes option pricing model	Equity volatility	54% — 65%	59%
				Liquidity discount	47%	47%
December 31, 2019
Derivative assets:
Equity contracts	$	421	Black-Scholes option pricing model	Equity volatility	39% — 44%	42%
				Liquidity discount	47%	47%

(1)Weighted-average is calculated based on fair value of equity warrants as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include certain individually evaluated loans held-for-investment, investments in qualified affordable housing partnerships, tax credit and other investments, OREO, loans held-for-sale, and ~~loans held-for-sale.~~other nonperforming assets. Nonrecurring fair value adjustments result from impairment on certain individually evaluated loans held-for-investment and investments in qualified affordable housing partnerships, tax credit and other investments, write-downs of OREO, or from the application of lower of cost or fair value on loans held-for-sale.

~~Impaired~~Individually Evaluated Loans Held-For-Investment — The Company typically adjusts the carrying amount of ~~impaired~~individually evaluated loans held-for-investment when there is evidence of probable loss and when the expected fair value of the loan is less than its carrying amount. ~~Impaired~~Individually evaluated loans held-for-investment with specific reserves are classified as Level 3 assets. The following two methods are used to derive the fair value of ~~impaired loans:~~individually evaluated loans held-for-investment:

•Discounted cash flows valuation techniques that consist of developing an expected stream of cash flows over the life of the loans and then valuing the loans at the present value by discounting the expected cash flows at a designated discount rate.

•A specific reserve is established for an ~~impaired~~individually evaluated loan held-for-investment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, which may take the form of real estate, inventory, equipment, contracts or guarantees. The fair value of the underlying collateral is generally based on third-party appraisals, or an internal valuation if a third-party appraisal is not required by regulations, which utilize one or more valuation techniques such as income, market and/or cost approaches.

Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Partnerships, Tax Credit and Other Investments, Net — As part of ~~the Company’s~~its monitoring process, the Company conducts ongoing due diligence on the ~~Company’s~~ investments in its qualified affordable housing partnerships, tax credit and other investments after the initial investment date and prior to the ~~being placed in service date.~~placed-in-service-date. After these investments are either acquired or placed into service, periodic monitoring is ~~performed, which~~performed. This includes the quarterly review of the financial statements of the ~~tax credit~~ investment entity, ~~and~~ the annual review of the financial statements of the guarantor (if any), ~~as well as~~ the review of the annual tax returns of the ~~tax credit~~ investment ~~entity;~~entity, and the comparison of the actual cash distributions received against the financial projections prepared at the time when the investment was made. The Company assesses its tax credit and other investments for possible OTTI on an annual basis or when events or circumstances suggest that the carrying amount of the ~~tax credit~~ investments may not be realizable. These circumstances can include, but are not limited to the following factors:

•The ~~current fair value of the tax credit investment based upon the~~ expected future cash flows is less than the carrying ~~amount;~~amount of the investment;

~~Change~~•Changes in the economic, market or technological environment that could adversely affect the investee’s operations; and

•Other factors that raise doubt about the investee’s ability to continue as a going concern, such as negative cash flows from operations and the continuing prospects of the underlying operations of the investment.

All available evidence is considered in assessing whether a decline in value is other-than-temporary. Generally, none of the aforementioned factors are individually conclusive and the relative importance placed on individual facts may vary depending on the situation. In accordance with ASC 323-10-35-32, an impairment charge would only be recognized in earnings for a decline in value that is determined to be other-than-temporary.

Other Real Estate Owned — The Company’s OREO represents properties acquired through foreclosure, or through full or partial satisfaction of loans held-for-investment. These OREO properties are recorded at estimated fair value less the costs to sell at the time of foreclosure or at the lower of cost or estimated fair value less the costs to sell subsequent to acquisition. On a monthly basis, the current fair market value of each OREO property is reviewed to ensure that the current carrying value is appropriate. OREO properties are classified as Level 3.

Other ~~nonperforming assets~~Nonperforming Assets — Other nonperforming assets are recorded at fair value upon transfers from loans to foreclosed assets. Subsequently, foreclosed assets are recorded at the lower of carrying value or fair value. Fair value is based on independent market prices, appraised values of the collateral or management’s estimates of the foreclosed asset. The Company records an impairment when the foreclosed asset’s fair value declines below its carrying value. Other nonperforming assets are classified as Level 3.

The following tables present the carrying amounts of assets that were still held and had fair value changes measured on a nonrecurring basis as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:



($ in thousands)	Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis as of September 30, 2020
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value Measurements
Loans held-for-investment:
Commercial:
C&I	$	0	$	0	$	116,077	$	116,077
CRE:
CRE	0		0		51,280		51,280



Total commercial	0		0		167,357		167,357
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:

HELOCs	0		0		1,156		1,156

Other consumer	0		0		2,491		2,491
Total consumer	0		0		3,647		3,647
Total loans held-for-investment	$	0	$	0	$	171,004	$	171,004
Investments in tax credit and other investments, net	$	0	$	0	$	6,216	$	6,216



($ in thousands)	Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis as of March 31, 2020								($ in thousands)	Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis as of December 31, 2019
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value Measurements			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans ⁽¹⁾:
Loans held-for-investment:									Loans held-for-investment:
Commercial:									Commercial:
C&I	$	—	$	—	$	28,877	$	28,877	C&I	$	0	$	0	$	47,554	$	47,554
CRE:									CRE:
CRE	—		—		735		735		CRE	0		0		753		753

Total commercial	—		—		29,612		29,612		Total commercial	0		0		48,307		48,307
Consumer:									Consumer:
Residential mortgage:									Residential mortgage:

HELOCs	—		—		1,798		1,798		HELOCs	0		0		1,372		1,372
Other consumer	—		—		2,491		2,491

Total consumer	—		—		4,289		4,289		Total consumer	0		0		1,372		1,372
Total impaired loans	$	—	$	—	$	33,901	$	33,901
Total loans held-for-investment									Total loans held-for-investment	$	0	$	0	$	49,679	$	49,679
Investments in tax credit and other investments, net	$	—	$	—	$	3,076	$	3,076	Investments in tax credit and other investments, net	$	0	$	0	$	3,076	$	3,076
OREO (1)									OREO (1)	$	0	$	0	$	125	$	125
Other nonperforming assets	$	—	$	—	$	867	$	867	Other nonperforming assets	$	0	$	0	$	1,167	$	1,167

(1)Amounts are included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and represent the carrying value of OREO properties that were written down subsequent to their initial classification as OREO.

($ in thousands) Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
as of December 31, 2019
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1) Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2) Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3) Fair Value
Measurements
Non-PCI impaired loans:
Commercial:
C&I $ —
$ —
$ 47,554
$ 47,554
CRE:
CRE —
—
753
753
Total commercial —
—
48,307
48,307
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
HELOCs —
—
1,372
1,372
Total consumer —
—
1,372
1,372
Total non-PCI impaired loans $ —
$ —
$ 49,679
$ 49,679
OREO ⁽²⁾
$ —
$ —
$ 125
$ 125
Investments in tax credit and other investments, net $ —
$ —
$ 3,076
$ 3,076


~~(1)~~	The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 using the prospective transition approach for PCD loans that were previously accounted for as PCI loans. Total impaired loans as of March 31, 2020 considers PCD loans, if impaired, whereas the impaired loans as of December 31, 2019 includes only non-PCI loans.


~~(2)~~	~~Amounts are included in~~ ~~Other assets~~ ~~on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and represent the carrying value of OREO properties that were written down subsequent to their initial classification as OREO.~~

The following table presents the increase (decrease) in fair value of assets for which a nonrecurring fair value adjustment has been recognized for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and ~~2019, related to assets that were still held as of those dates:~~2019:



($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019

Loans held-for-investment:
Commercial:
C&I	$	(24,928)	$	(20,484)	$	(38,855)	$	(43,109)
CRE:
CRE	(15)		2		(292)		6



Total commercial	(24,943)		(20,482)		(39,147)		(43,103)
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:

HELOCs	3		0		(178)		0

Other consumer	0		0		2,491		0
Total consumer	3		0		2,313		0
Total loans held-for-investment	$	(24,940)	$	(20,482)	$	(36,834)	$	(43,103)
Investments in tax credit and other investments, net	$	0	$	(1,703)	$	(583)	$	(11,573)
OREO	$	0	$	(1,020)	$	0	$	(1,023)


Other nonperforming assets	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	(3,000)

($ in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019
Impaired loans:
Total Impaired Loans ⁽¹⁾
Non-PCI Impaired Loans
Commercial:
C&I $ (21,501 ) $ (2,734 )
CRE:
CRE (5 ) 2
Total commercial (21,506 ) (2,732 )
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
HELOCs (193 ) (78 )
Other consumer 2,491
—
Total consumer 2,298
(78 )
Total impaired loans $ (19,208 ) $ (2,810 )
Investments in tax credit and other investments, net $ 150
$ (6,978 )
Other nonperforming assets $ (300 ) $ —


~~(1)~~	The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 using the prospective transition approach for PCD loans that were previously accounted for as PCI loans. Total impaired loans during the three months ended March 31, 2020 considers PCD loans, if impaired, whereas impaired loans during the three months ended March 31, 2019 includes only non-PCI loans.

The following table presents the quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of Level 3 fair value measurements that are measured on a nonrecurring basis as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:


($ in thousands)							($ in thousands)	Fair Value Measurements (Level 3)		Valuation Techniques	Unobservable Inputs	Range of Inputs	Weighted- Average of Inputs (1)
September 30, 2020							September 30, 2020
Loans held-for-investment							Loans held-for-investment	$	82,461	Discounted cash flows	Discount	4% — 15%	13%
								$	15,493	Fair value of collateral	Discount	10% — 20%	10%
								$	22,469	Fair value of collateral	Contract value	NM	NM
								$	50,581	Fair value of property	Selling cost	8%	8%
($ in thousands)	Fair Value Measurements (Level 3)		Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input(s)	Range of Input(s)	Weighted- Average ⁽¹⁾
March 31, 2020
Impaired loans ⁽¹⁾	$	25,140	Discounted cash flows	Discount	4% — 15%	12%

Investments in tax credit and other investments, net							Investments in tax credit and other investments, net	$	6,216	Individual analysis of each investment	Expected future tax benefits and distributions	NM	NM

December 31, 2019							December 31, 2019
Loans held-for-investment							Loans held-for-investment	$	27,841	Discounted cash flows	Discount	4% — 15%	14%
	$	5,712	Fair value of collateral	Discount	8% — 9%	9%
	$	2,491	Fair value of collateral	Contract value	NM	NM		$	1,014	Fair value of collateral	Discount	8% — 20%	19%
	$	558	Fair value of property	Selling cost	8%	8%		$	20,824	Fair value of collateral	Contract value	NM	NM

Investments in tax credit and other investments, net							Investments in tax credit and other investments, net	$	3,076	Individual analysis of each investment	Expected future tax benefits and distributions	NM	NM
OREO							OREO	$	125	Fair value of property	Selling cost	8%	8%
Other nonperforming assets	$	867	Fair value of collateral	Contract value	NM	NM	Other nonperforming assets	$	1,167	Fair value of collateral	Contract value	NM	NM
Investments in tax credit and other investments, net	$	3,076	Individual analysis of each investment	Expected future tax benefits and distributions	NM	NM
December 31, 2019
Non-PCI impaired loans	$	27,841	Discounted cash flows	Discount	4% — 15%	14%
	$	1,014	Fair value of collateral	Discount	8% — 20%	19%
	$	20,824	Fair value of collateral	Contract value	NM	NM
OREO	$	125	Fair value of property	Selling cost	8%	8%
Investments in tax credit and other investments, net	$	3,076	Individual analysis of each investment	Expected future tax benefits and distributions	NM	NM

NM — Not meaningful.


~~(1)~~	~~Presented on a total impaired loan basis due to the adoption of ASU 2016-13 PCD loans (formerly, PCI loans) are assessed for impairment in the same manner as non-PCD loans.~~


~~(2)~~	~~Weighted-average is based on the relative fair value of the respective assets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.~~

(1)Weighted-average of inputs is based on the relative fair value of the respective assets as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following tables present the fair value estimates for financial instruments as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, excluding financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as they are included in the tables presented elsewhere in this Note. The carrying amounts in the following tables are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet under the indicated captions, except for accrued interest receivable and mortgage servicing rights that are included in Other assets, and accrued interest payable that is included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities. These financial assets and liabilities are measured at amortized cost basis on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020
	Carrying Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,506,941	$	4,506,941	$	0	$	0	$	4,506,941
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	$	699,465	$	0	$	699,465	$	0	$	699,465
Resale agreements (1)	$	1,210,000	$	0	$	1,215,801	$	0	$	1,215,801

Restricted equity securities, at cost	$	79,172	$	0	$	79,172	$	0	$	79,172
Loans held-for-sale	$	4,148	$	0	$	4,148	$	0	$	4,148
Loans held-for-investment, net	$	36,818,877	$	0	$	0	$	37,087,711	$	37,087,711
Mortgage servicing rights	$	5,169	$	0	$	0	$	7,511	$	7,511
Accrued interest receivable	$	143,354	$	0	$	143,354	$	0	$	143,354
Financial liabilities:
Demand, checking, savings and money market deposits	$	32,611,382	$	0	$	32,611,382	$	0	$	32,611,382
Time deposits	$	9,069,173	$	0	$	9,091,802	$	0	$	9,091,802
Short-term borrowings	$	59,613	$	0	$	59,613	$	0	$	59,613

FHLB advances	$	657,185	$	0	$	666,989	$	0	$	666,989
Repurchase agreements (1)	$	348,063	$	0	$	368,098	$	0	$	368,098
Long-term debt	$	1,574,765	$	0	$	1,577,572	$	0	$	1,577,572
Accrued interest payable	$	21,671	$	0	$	21,671	$	0	$	21,671



($ in thousands)	March 31, 2020										($ in thousands)	December 31, 2019
($ in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Estimated Fair Value		($ in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets:											Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,080,042	$	3,080,042	$	—	$	—	$	3,080,042	Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,261,149	$	3,261,149	$	0	$	0	$	3,261,149
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	$	293,509	$	—	$	293,509	$	—	$	293,509	Interest-bearing deposits with banks	$	196,161	$	0	$	196,161	$	0	$	196,161
Resale agreements ⁽¹⁾	$	860,000	$	—	$	867,872	$	—	$	867,872	Resale agreements (1)	$	860,000	$	0	$	856,025	$	0	$	856,025

Restricted equity securities, at cost	$	78,745	$	—	$	78,745	$	—	$	78,745	Restricted equity securities, at cost	$	78,580	$	0	$	78,580	$	0	$	78,580
Loans held-for-sale	$	1,594	$	—	$	1,594	$	—	$	1,594	Loans held-for-sale	$	434	$	0	$	434	$	0	$	434
Loans held-for-investment, net	$	35,336,390	$	—	$	—	$	35,736,331	$	35,736,331	Loans held-for-investment, net	$	34,420,252	$	0	$	0	$	35,021,300	$	35,021,300

Mortgage servicing rights	$	5,711	$	—	$	—	$	7,926	$	7,926	Mortgage servicing rights	$	6,068	$	0	$	0	$	8,199	$	8,199
Accrued interest receivable	$	148,294	$	—	$	148,294	$	—	$	148,294	Accrued interest receivable	$	144,599	$	0	$	144,599	$	0	$	144,599
Financial liabilities:											Financial liabilities:

Demand, checking, savings and money market deposits	$	28,720,425	$	—	$	28,720,425	$	—	$	28,720,425	Demand, checking, savings and money market deposits	$	27,109,951	$	0	$	27,109,951	$	0	$	27,109,951
Time deposits	$	9,966,533	$	—	$	9,992,060	$	—	$	9,992,060	Time deposits	$	10,214,308	$	0	$	10,208,895	$	0	$	10,208,895
Short-term borrowings	$	66,924	$	—	$	66,924	$	—	$	66,924	Short-term borrowings	$	28,669	$	0	$	28,669	$	0	$	28,669
FHLB advances	$	646,336	$	—	$	657,859	$	—	$	657,859	FHLB advances	$	745,915	$	0	$	755,371	$	0	$	755,371
Repurchase agreements ⁽¹⁾	$	450,000	$	—	$	470,230	$	—	$	470,230	Repurchase agreements (1)	$	200,000	$	0	$	232,597	$	0	$	232,597
Long-term debt	$	147,169	$	—	$	152,942	$	—	$	152,942	Long-term debt	$	147,101	$	0	$	152,641	$	0	$	152,641
Accrued interest payable	$	25,209	$	—	$	25,209	$	—	$	25,209	Accrued interest payable	$	27,246	$	0	$	27,246	$	0	$	27,246

(1)Resale and repurchase agreements are reported net pursuant to ASC 210-20-45-11, Balance Sheet Offsetting: Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Agreements. As of September 30, 2020, NaN of the $348.1 million of gross repurchase agreements were eligible for netting against gross resale agreements. Out of $450.0 million of gross repurchase agreements, $250.0 million were eligible for netting against gross resale agreements as of December 31, 2019.

($ in thousands) December 31, 2019
Carrying
Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Estimated
Fair Value
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,261,149
$ 3,261,149
$ —
$ —
$ 3,261,149
Interest-bearing deposits with banks $ 196,161
$ —
$ 196,161
$ —
$ 196,161
Resale agreements ⁽¹⁾
$ 860,000
$ —
$ 856,025
$ —
$ 856,025
Restricted equity securities, at cost $ 78,580
$ —
$ 78,580
$ —
$ 78,580
Loans held-for-sale $ 434
$ —
$ 434
$ —
$ 434
Loans held-for-investment, net $ 34,420,252
$ —
$ —
$ 35,021,300
$ 35,021,300
Mortgage servicing rights $ 6,068
$ —
$ —
$ 8,199
$ 8,199
Accrued interest receivable $ 144,599
$ —
$ 144,599
$ —
$ 144,599
Financial liabilities:
Demand, checking, savings and money market deposits $ 27,109,951
$ —
$ 27,109,951
$ —
$ 27,109,951
Time deposits $ 10,214,308
$ —
$ 10,208,895
$ —
$ 10,208,895
Short-term borrowings $ 28,669
$ —
$ 28,669
$ —
$ 28,669
FHLB advances $ 745,915
$ —
$ 755,371
$ —
$ 755,371
Repurchase agreements ⁽¹⁾
$ 200,000
$ —
$ 232,597
$ —
$ 232,597
Long-term debt $ 147,101
$ —
$ 152,641
$ —
$ 152,641
Accrued interest payable $ 27,246
$ —
$ 27,246
$ —
$ 27,246


~~(1)~~	~~Resale and repurchase agreements are reported net pursuant to ASC 210-20-45-11,~~ ~~Balance Sheet Offsetting: Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Agreements~~. Out of gross repurchase agreements of $450.0 million, $0.0 million and $250.0 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, were eligible for netting against gross resale agreements

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

The following discussion provides information about the results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and capital resources of East West Bancorp, Inc. (referred to herein on an unconsolidated basis as “East West” and on a consolidated basis as the “Company”, “EWBC” or “we”), and its subsidiaries, including its subsidiary bank, East West Bank and its subsidiaries (referred to herein as “East West Bank” or the “Bank”). This information is intended to facilitate the understanding and assessment of significant changes and trends related to the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes presented elsewhere in this report, and the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the United States (“U.S.”) Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 27, 2020 (the “Company’s 2019 Form 10-K”).

Company Overview

East West is a bank holding company incorporated in Delaware on August 26, 1998 and is registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. The Company commenced business on December 30, 1998 when, pursuant to a reorganization, it acquired all of the voting stock of the Bank, which became its principal asset. The Bank is an independent commercial bank headquartered in California that has a strong focus on the financial service needs of the ~~Chinese-American~~Asian-American community. Through over 125 locations in the U.S. and Greater China, the Company provides a full range of consumer and commercial products and services through three business segments: Consumer and Business Banking, Commercial Banking, with the remaining operations included in Other. The Company’s principal activity is lending to and accepting deposits from businesses and individuals. The primary source of revenue is net interest income, which is principally derived from the difference between interest earned on loans and debt securities and interest paid on deposits and other funding sources. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, the Company had ~~$45.95~~$50.37 billion in assets and approximately ~~3,300~~3,200 full-time equivalent employees. For additional information on products and services provided by the Bank, see Item 1. Business — Banking Services of the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K.

Corporate Strategy

We are committed to enhancing long-term shareholder value by executing on the fundamentals of growing loans, deposits and revenue, improving profitability, and investing for the future while managing risk, expenses and capital. Our business model is built on customer loyalty and engagement, understanding of our customers’ financial goals, and meeting our customers’ financial needs through our diverse products and services. The Company’s approach is concentrated on seeking out and deepening client relationships that meet our risk/return measures. This focus guides our decision-making across every aspect of our operations: the products we develop, the expertise we cultivate and the infrastructure we build to help our customers conduct ~~business.~~businesses. We expect our relationship-focused business model to continue to generate organic growth and to expand our targeted customer bases. On an ongoing basis, we invest in technology related to critical business infrastructure and streamlining core processes, in the context of maintaining appropriate expense management. Our risk management activities are focused on ensuring that the Company identifies and manages risks to maintain safety and soundness while maximizing profitability.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 Global Pandemic

~~Impact of COVID-19~~

~~In December~~The Coronavirus Disease 2019 ~~COVID-19 was reported in China, and rapidly spread to other countries, including~~(“COVID-19”) pandemic has caused significant, unprecedented disruption around the ~~U.S. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) characterized COVID-19~~world, as a global pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures. On January 31, 2020, the U.S. declared a national public health emergency, and the President announced a National Emergency on March 13, 2020. Many states and municipalities have declared emergencieswell as ~~well. The COVID-19 outbreak and public health response to contain it have resulted in~~ economic and financial market deterioration, ~~as of March 31, 2020,~~ which did not exist at the beginning of ~~the quarter.~~2020. The recession resulting from government-mandated closures of certain businesses and “stay-at-home” orders has significantly impacted ~~business investment~~businesses, investments in those businesses and consumer spending, and heightened volatility in the global financial markets. These economic and operating conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have created financial difficulties for many of the Company’s ~~customers~~commercial and asconsumer customers. As a result, some borrowers may not be able to satisfy their ~~obligations. Because~~obligations to us. As many of the Company’s loans are secured by real estate, a potential decline in the real estate markets could also negatively impact the Company’s business, financial condition and the credit quality of the Company’s loan ~~portfolio, potentially increasing~~portfolio. As we look forward, the ~~level~~trajectory of ~~loan charge-offs~~the economic recovery remains unclear as the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continues, and further fiscal stimulus remains uncertain. With the substantial increase in provision for credit ~~losses. In~~losses on loans that the Company recorded during the first half of 2020 and the improved macroeconomic forecast for the third quarter of 2020, the ~~impact of COVID-19 pandemic~~Company was ~~not yet evident~~ in ~~the Company’s balance sheet growth trends or in most of our asset quality metrics. However, the broad-based response~~a position to ~~combat COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic impact had~~provide a ~~material impact on the Company’s first quarter 2020~~smaller provision for credit ~~losses.~~losses on loans during the third quarter of 2020.

Regulatory Developments Relating to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act —The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ~~(“CARES~~(the “CARES Act”) was enacted on March 27, ~~2020.~~2020 to address the economic impact to individuals and businesses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of the CARES Act, ~~passed by Congress,~~ various initiatives to protect individuals, businesses and local economies ~~such as~~have been established in an effort to lessen the ~~SBA~~impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumers and businesses. These initiatives included extended unemployment benefits, mortgage forbearance, the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) and the Main Street Lending Program.

As part of our commitment to support our customers, the Bank participated as a lender in the PPP. As of September 30, 2020, the Company funded over 7,400 SBA 7(a) PPP loans with an outstanding loan balance of $1.77 billion. The SBA guarantees 100% of the PPP loans made to eligible borrowers, and the loans are eligible to be forgiven if certain conditions are met, at which point the SBA will make payments to the Bank for the forgiven amounts. These loans are included in our commercial and industrial (“C&I”) portfolio, have an interest rate of 1%. The substantial majority of the PPP loans in our portfolio have a maturity of two years. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“Federal Reserve”) established the Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (“PPPLF”) to enable Federal Reserve Banks (“FRB”) to extend credit to financial institutions that originate PPP loans, while taking the PPP loans as collateral. As of September 30, 2020, we had drawn down $1.43 billion from the Federal Reserve PPPLF and pledged the same amount in PPP loans as collateral. During the month of October 2020, we paid down this amount in full. On June 22, 2020, the FDIC issued a final rule to remove the effect of participation in the PPP and borrowings under the PPPLF from the various risk measures used to calculate an insured depository institution’s assessment rate. The Bank is also a participating lender in the Main Street Lending Program, which was established by the Federal Reserve, to support lending to small- and medium-sized businesses and nonprofit organizations that were ~~established.~~in sound financial condition before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The CARES Act requires mortgage servicers to grant, on a borrower’s request, forbearance for up to 180 days (which can be extended for an additional 180 days) on a federally-backed single-family mortgage loan or forbearance up to 30 days (which can be extended for two additional 30-day periods) on a federally-backed multifamily mortgage loan when the borrowers experience financial hardship due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Loan Modifications —The CARES Act also includes an option for financial institutions to suspend the U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requirements and regulatory determinations for loan modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic that would otherwise be categorized as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) from March 1, 2020, through the earlier of 60 days after the date of the COVID-19 National Emergency comes to an end or December 31, 2020. On April 7, 2020, the federal banking regulators issued the “Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customer Affected by the Coronavirus (Revised)” (the “Interagency Statement”). The Interagency Statement also provides financial institutions the option to suspend the application of the TDR accounting guidance for short-term modifications (i.e., six months or less) made on a good faith basis in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to borrowers who were current at the time of modification. Given that nonaccrual loans are more heavily risk-weighted for capital purposes, this TDR relief allows a capital benefit in the form of reduced risk-weighted assets since the aging of such loans was frozen at the time of modification. We grant loan modifications to our customers in the form of maturity extensions, payment deferrals and forbearance. For a summary of the loans that we have modified in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, please refer to Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) — Risk Management — Credit Risk Management in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“this Form 10-Q”).

Regulatory Capital — On March 31, 2020, the U.S. federal banking agencies issued an interim final rule that provided the option to temporarily delay the effects of current expected credit losses (“CECL”) on regulatory capital for two years, followed by a three-year transition period (“CECL Capital Transition”). The Company ~~participates~~elected to apply the CECL Capital Transition during the first quarter of 2020. In addition, the CARES Act requires PPP loans to be assigned a zero percent risk weight under the federal banking agencies’ risk-based capital rules.

Reserve Requirements — On March 26, 2020, the Federal Reserve reduced reserve requirement ratios to zero percent, eliminating the reserve requirement for all depository institutions, an action that provides liquidity in the banking system to support lending to households and businesses.

Our Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have been working diligently to protect employee safety while continuing to carry out our role as a provider of critical and essential services to the public. We have taken comprehensive steps to help our employees and customers as follows:

•Employees:

For employees with jobs that are required to be performed on-site, we have taken significant actions to ensure employee safety by providing personal protection equipment, adopting social distancing measures, placing visual safety reminders related to social distancing, implementing an enhanced cleaning program, installing plexiglass panels, requiring temperature screenings and the wearing of masks for all employees physically at on-site locations.

•Customers:

We offered assistance to our commercial, consumer and small business clients affected by the COVID-19 pandemic through payment deferrals, suspension of foreclosures on certain residential mortgage loans, and participation in the SBA PPP and ~~intends~~the Main Street Lending Programs.We intend to ~~participate~~evaluate participation in additional new government-sponsored programs, as they are ~~enacted. Through May 6, 2020, we funded over $1.84 billion of SBA-approved PPP loans~~established.

Due to over 6,700 customers. In addition, to provide relief to customers during these turbulent times, we are providing payment accommodations for certain small-to medium-sized business, nonprofit organization and consumer customers impacted by COVID-19, and pausing action on collections and foreclosures on certain residential mortgage loans. Although we are uncertainthe uncertainty of the full magnitude and duration of the business and economic impact from the ~~unprecedented~~ public health efforts to contain and combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company has been continuously and closely monitoring any impacts on the Company’s business and its loan portfolio. Thus far, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our financial condition and operations has been manageable. Although current economic indicators are weak, business activity is gradually resuming compared to the first half of 2020. However, given the unprecedented scale and global nature of the pandemic, we could experience material declines in revenues, profitability and/or cash flows in ~~one or more periods in 2020,~~the near future, compared to the corresponding prior-year periods and compared to our expectations at the beginning of the 2020 fiscal year.

During this volatile time, we have maintained strong capital ratios and liquidity. Our return on average assets and return on average equity was 1.13% and 10.73%, respectively, for the first nine months of 2020. The greatest impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our financial condition has been in the increase of the provision for credit losses and the allowance for loan losses. We recorded a provision for credit losses of $186.3 million through an allowance for loan losses during the first nine months of 2020, bringing the allowance for loan losses to $618.3 million as of September 30, 2020, equivalent to an allowance for loan losses to loans held-for-investment ratio of 1.65%.

For additional information, see Item 2. MD&A — Risk Management — Credit Risk Management and — Liquidity Risk Management, and — Balance Sheet Analysis — Regulatory Capital and Ratios in this Form 10-Q. Further discussion of the potential impacts on our business from the COVID-19 pandemic is provided below under Part II, Item 1A -— Risk Factorsin this Form 10-Q.

Selected Financial Data



($ and shares in thousands, except per share, ratio and headcount data)	Three Months Ended									Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020			June 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
Summary of operations:
Interest and dividend income (1)	$	365,728		$	398,776		$	476,912		$	1,213,694		$	1,415,067
Interest expense	41,598			55,001			107,105			183,082			315,473
Net interest income before provision for credit losses	324,130			343,775			369,807			1,030,612			1,099,594
Provision for credit losses	10,000			102,443			38,284			186,313			80,108
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	314,130			241,332			331,523			844,299			1,019,486
Noninterest income	49,580			58,637			51,474			162,266			146,364
Noninterest expense (2)	167,650			187,696			176,630			534,222			541,215
Income before income taxes	196,060			112,273			206,367			472,343			624,635
Income tax expense (3)	36,523			12,921			34,951			68,630			138,815

Net income (1)(2)(3)	$	159,537		$	99,352		$	171,416		$	403,713		$	485,820

Per common share:
Basic earnings	$	1.13		$	0.70		$	1.18		$	2.83		$	3.34
Diluted earnings	$	1.12		$	0.70		$	1.17		$	2.82		$	3.33
Dividends declared	$	0.28		$	0.28		$	0.28		$	0.83		$	0.78
Book value	$	36.22		$	35.25		$	33.54		$	36.22		$	33.54

Non-GAAP tangible common equity per share (4)	$	32.85		$	31.86		$	30.22		$	32.85		$	30.22
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding:
Basic	141,498			141,486			145,559			142,595			145,455
Diluted	142,043			141,827			146,120			143,082			146,088
Common shares outstanding at period-end	141,507			141,486			145,568			141,507			145,568

At period end:
Total assets	$	50,371,477		$	49,407,593		$	43,274,659		$	50,371,477		$	43,274,659
Total loans (5)	$	37,441,277		$	37,233,287		$	34,025,270		$	37,441,277		$	34,025,270
Available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities	$	4,539,160		$	3,884,574		$	3,284,034		$	4,539,160		$	3,284,034
Total deposits	$	41,680,555		$	40,672,678		$	36,659,526		$	41,680,555		$	36,659,526
Long-term debt and finance lease liabilities (6)	$	1,579,317		$	1,580,442		$	152,390		$	1,579,317		$	152,390
Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances	$	657,185		$	656,759		$	745,494		$	657,185		$	745,494
Stockholders’ equity (7)	$	5,126,106		$	4,987,243		$	4,882,664		$	5,126,106		$	4,882,664

Non-GAAP tangible common equity (4)	$	4,648,040		$	4,508,056		$	4,399,532		$	4,648,040		$	4,399,532
Head count (full-time equivalent)	3,208			3,249			3,282			3,208			3,282
Performance metrics:
Return on average assets (“ROA”)	1.26		%	0.83		%	1.58		%	1.13		%	1.55		%
Return on average equity (“ROE”)	12.50		%	8.02		%	14.06		%	10.73		%	13.86		%
Net interest margin	2.72		%	3.04		%	3.59		%	3.05		%	3.70		%
Efficiency ratio (8)	44.86		%	46.64		%	41.93		%	44.78		%	43.44		%
Non-GAAP efficiency ratio (4)	41.33		%	38.09		%	37.66		%	39.26		%	38.47		%
Credit quality metrics:
Allowance for loan losses (7)	$	618,252		$	632,071		$	345,576		$	618,252		$	345,576
Allowance for loan losses (7) to loans held-for-investment	1.65		%	1.70		%	1.02		%	1.65		%	1.02		%
Nonperforming assets to total assets	0.52		%	0.41		%	0.31		%	0.52		%	0.31		%
Annualized net charge-offs to average loans held-for-investment	0.26		%	0.21		%	0.26		%	0.16		%	0.18		%

Selected metrics:
Total average equity to total average assets	10.11		%	10.33		%	11.22		%	10.53		%	11.21		%
Common dividend payout ratio	24.74		%	39.72		%	23.62		%	29.58		%	23.63		%
Loan-to-deposit ratio	89.83		%	91.54		%	92.81		%	89.83		%	92.81		%

EWBC capital ratios:


Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) capital	12.8		%	12.7		%	12.8		%	12.8		%	12.8		%
Tier 1 capital	12.8		%	12.7		%	12.8		%	12.8		%	12.8		%
Total capital	14.5		%	14.4		%	14.2		%	14.5		%	14.2		%
Tier 1 leverage capital	9.8		%	9.7		%	10.3		%	9.8		%	10.3		%

(1)~~Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 Adoption~~Includes $7.8 million and $21.3 million of interest income related to PPP loans for the third quarter and second quarter of 2020, respectively.

(2)Includes $8.7 million of securities sold under repurchase agreements’ (“repurchase agreements”) extinguishment cost for the second quarter of 2020.

(3)Includes $30.1 million of additional tax expense to reverse certain previously claimed tax credits related to the DC Solar tax credit investments (“DC Solar”) during the second quarter of 2019.

(4)For a discussion of non-GAAP tangible common equity, non-GAAP tangible common equity per share and non-GAAP efficiency ratio, refer to Item 2. MD&A — Supplemental Information — Explanation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures in this Form 10-Q.

(5)Includes $1.77 billion and $1.75 billion of PPP loans as of September 30 and June 30, 2020, respectively.

(6)Includes $1.43 billion of advances from the PPPLF as of both September 30 and June 30, 2020.

(7)On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) ~~2016-13,~~2016-13, Financial ~~Instruments~~ Instruments — Credit Losses~~, often referred~~ (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments using the modified retrospective approach. The Company recorded $125.2 million increase to as the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model, which establishes a single allowance framework for all financial assets carried at amortized cost, and for certain off-balance sheet exposures. Replacing the prior incurred loss model, this framework requires that management estimate credit losses over the full remaining expected life of a loan, and consider expected future changes in macroeconomic conditions. The adoption of CECL increased the allowance for loan losses ~~by $125.2~~and $98.0 million ~~and the allowance for unfunded credit commitments by $10.5 million. As a result, the Company recorded an~~ after-tax decrease to opening retained earnings as of ~~$98.0 million on~~ January 1, 2020.

(8)The efficiency ratio is noninterest expense divided by total revenue (net interest income before provision for credit losses and noninterest income).

~~Selected Financial Data~~

($ and shares in thousands, except per share, ratio and headcount data) Three Months Ended
March 31,
2020 December 31,
2019 March 31,
2019
Summary of operations:
Interest and dividend income $ 449,190
$ 467,233
$ 463,311
Interest expense 86,483
99,014
100,850
Net interest income before provision for credit losses 362,707
368,219
362,461
Provision for credit losses 73,870
18,577
22,579
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 288,837
349,642
339,882
Noninterest income 54,049
63,013
42,131
Noninterest expense 178,876
193,373
186,922
Income before income taxes 164,010
219,282
195,091
Income tax expense 19,186
31,067
31,067
Net income $ 144,824
$ 188,215
$ 164,024
Per common share:
Basic earnings $ 1.00
$ 1.29
$ 1.13
Diluted earnings $ 1.00
$ 1.29
$ 1.12
Dividends declared $ 0.28
$ 0.28
$ 0.23
Book value $ 34.67
$ 34.46
$ 31.56
Non-U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) tangible common equity per share ⁽¹⁾
$ 31.27
$ 31.15
$ 28.21
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding:
Basic 144,814
145,624
145,256
Diluted 145,285
146,318
145,921
Common shares outstanding at period-end 141,435
145,625
145,501
At period end:
Total assets $ 45,948,545
$ 44,196,096
$ 42,091,433
Total loans $ 35,894,987
$ 34,778,973
$ 32,863,286
Available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities $ 3,695,943
$ 3,317,214
$ 2,640,158
Total deposits $ 38,686,958
$ 37,324,259
$ 36,273,972
Long-term debt and finance lease liabilities $ 152,162
$ 152,270
$ 152,433
Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances $ 646,336
$ 745,915
$ 344,657
Stockholders’ equity ⁽²⁾
$ 4,902,985
$ 5,017,617
$ 4,591,930
Non-GAAP tangible common equity ⁽¹⁾
$ 4,422,519
$ 4,535,841
$ 4,105,124
Head count (full-time equivalent) 3,285
3,294
3,241
Performance metrics:
Return on average assets (“ROA”) 1.30 % 1.68 % 1.63 %
Return on average equity (“ROE”) 11.60 % 15.00 % 14.66 %
Net interest margin 3.44 % 3.47 % 3.79 %
Efficiency ratio ⁽³⁾
42.92 % 44.84 % 46.20 %
Non-GAAP efficiency ratio ⁽¹⁾
38.54 % 38.33 % 39.75 %
Credit quality metrics:
Allowance for loan losses $ 557,003
$ 358,287
$ 317,894
Allowance for loan losses to loans held-for-investment 1.55 % 1.03 % 0.97 %
Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.33 % 0.27 % 0.33 %
Annualized net charge-offs to average loans held-for-investment 0.01 % 0.10 % 0.18 %
Selected metrics:
Total average equity to total average assets 11.22 % 11.19 % 11.14 %
Common dividend payout ratio 27.95 % 21.52 % 20.59 %
Loan-to-deposit ratio 92.78 % 93.18 % 90.60 %
EWBC Capital ratios:
Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) capital 12.4 % 12.9 % 12.4 %
Tier 1 capital 12.4 % 12.9 % 12.4 %
Total capital 13.9 % 14.4 % 13.9 %
Tier 1 leverage capital 10.2 % 10.3 % 10.2 %


~~(1)~~	~~Tangible common equity, tangible common equity per share and adjusted efficiency ratio are non-GAAP financial measures. For a discussion of these measures, refer to~~ ~~Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) — Supplemental Information — Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP Financial Measures~~ ~~in this Form 10-Q.~~


~~(2)~~	~~On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13,~~ ~~Financial Instrument~~s ~~— Credit Losses~~ ~~(Topic 326):~~ ~~Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments~~ ~~using the modified retrospective approach. The Company recorded an after-tax decrease to opening retained earnings of $98.0 million as of January 1, 2020.~~


~~(3)~~	~~The efficiency ratio is noninterest expense divided by total revenue (net interest income before provision for credit losses and noninterest income).~~

Financial ~~Highlights~~Review

Noteworthy items about the Company’s performance for the third quarter and first nine months of 2020 included:

•Earnings: Third quarter 2020 net income was $159.5 million with diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) of $1.12, compared with third quarter 2019 net income of $171.4 million with diluted EPS of $1.17, a decrease of $11.9 million or 7% in net income, and 4% in EPS. The decrease in net income was primarily due to lower net interest income, driven by materially lower interest rates, partially offset by less provision for credit losses in the third quarter of 2020. Net income for the first nine months of 2020 was $403.7 million with diluted EPS of $2.82, compared with net income of $485.8 million with diluted EPS of $3.33 for the first nine months of 2019, a decrease of $82.1 million or 17% in net income, and 15% in EPS. This decrease was primarily due to higher provision for credit losses resulting from the deteriorating macroeconomic conditions and outlook as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the adoption of CECL methodology, and lower net interest income driven by significantly lower interest rates, partially offset by a decrease in income tax expense. Provision for credit losses of $186.3 million for the first nine months of 2020 increased by 133% compared with the same period a year ago.

•Adjusted Earnings: There were no adjustments for non-recurring items during the third quarter and the first nine months of 2020, and during the third quarter of 2019, which affected non-GAAP net income and diluted EPS. The Company recorded a $7.0 million pre-tax impairment charge and reversed $30.1 million of certain previously claimed tax credits related to the DC Solar during the first and second quarters of 2019. Refer to reconciliations of non-GAAP measures presented under Item 2. MD&A — Supplemental Information — Explanation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures in this Form 10-Q. Adjusting for these non-recurring items, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted EPS for the first nine months of 2019 were $520.8 million and $3.57, respectively.

•Revenue: Revenue, or the sum of net interest income before provision for credit losses and noninterest income, was $373.7 million for the third quarter of 2020, ~~included:~~compared with $421.3 million for the third quarter of 2019, a decrease of $47.6 million or 11%. This decrease was primarily due to lower net interest income, driven by significantly lower interest rates. Revenue for the first nine months of 2020 was $1.19 billion, compared with $1.25 billion for the first nine months of 2019, a decrease of $53.1 million or 4%. This decrease was primarily due to lower net interest income, partially offset by an increase in noninterest income.

•

~~Earnings:~~ ~~First quarter~~of~~2020 net income was $144.8 million or $1.00 in diluted earnings per share (“EPS”), compared with first quarter of 2019 net income of $164.0 million or diluted EPS of $1.12. The $19.2~~

•Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin: Third quarter of 2020 net interest income was $324.1 million, a decrease of $45.7 million or 12%, compared with third quarter of 2019 net interest income of $369.8 million. Third quarter of 2020 net interest margin was 2.72%, an 87 basis point decrease ~~in net income was primarily due to higher provision for credit losses resulting~~ from 3.59% for the third quarter of 2019. Net interest income for the first nine months of 2020 was $1.03 billion, compared with $1.10 billion for the first nine months of 2019, a decrease of $69.0 million or 6%. Net interest margin was 3.05% for the first nine months of 2020, a decrease of 65 basis points from 3.70% for the first nine months of 2019. The decreases in the net interest income and net interest margin reflected significantly lower interest rates year-over-year, including a cumulative 175 basis point reduction in the federal funds rate since September 30, 2019.

•Operating Efficiency: Efficiency ratio, calculated as noninterest expense divided by revenue, was 44.86% and 41.93% for the third quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively. The efficiency ratio was 44.78% for the first nine months of 2020, compared with 43.44% for the first nine months of 2019. Non-GAAP efficiency ratio, adjusted for the amortization of tax credit and other investments, amortization of core deposit intangibles, and repurchase agreements’ extinguishment cost (where applicable), was 41.33% for the third quarter of 2020, a 367 basis point increase from 37.66% for the third quarter of 2019. For the first nine months of 2020, non-GAAP efficiency ratio was 39.26%, a 79 basis point increase from 38.47% for the first nine months of 2019. The year-over-year increase in the efficiency ratios primarily reflects decreased revenue. For additional detail, see the reconciliations of non-GAAP measures presented under Item 2. MD&A — Supplemental Information — Explanation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures in this Form 10-Q.

•Tax: Income tax expense was $36.5 million and the effective tax rate was 18.6% for the third quarter of 2020, compared with income tax expense of $35.0 million and an effective tax rate of 16.9% for the third quarter of 2019. Income tax expense was $68.6 million and the effective tax rate was 14.5% for the first nine months of 2020, compared with income tax expense of $138.8 million and an effective tax rate of 22.2% for the first nine months of 2019. Tax expense for the first nine months of 2019 included a reversal of $30.1 million of certain previously claimed tax credits related to DC Solar.

•Profitability: ROA for the third quarter of 2020 and 2019 was 1.26% and 1.58%, respectively. ROA for the first nine months of 2020 and 2019 was 1.13% and 1.55%, respectively. ROE for the third quarter of 2020 and 2019 was 12.50% and 14.06%, respectively. ROE for the first nine months of 2020 and 2019 was 10.73% and 13.86%, respectively. There were no adjustments for non-recurring items during the third quarter of 2020 and 2019 and during the first nine months of 2020 that affected non-GAAP ROA and non-GAAP ROE. Adjusted for the non-recurring items related to DC Solar which occurred in the first half of 2019, non-GAAP ROA and non-GAAP ROE for the first nine months of 2019 were 1.67% and 14.85%, respectively. For additional detail, see the reconciliations of non-GAAP measures presented under Item 2. MD&A — Supplemental Information — Explanation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures in this Form 10-Q.

•Loans: Total loans were $37.44 billion as of September 30, 2020, an increase of $2.66 billion or 8% from $34.78 billion as of December 31, 2019. Loan growth was well-diversified across each of the Company’s major loan portfolios, with growth from C&I, which was driven by PPP loan funding, commercial real estate (“CRE”) and single-family residential loans.

•Deposits: Total deposits were $41.68 billion as of September 30, 2020, an increase of $4.36 billion or 12% from $37.32 billion as of December 31, 2019. This increase was primarily driven by growth in noninterest-bearing demand deposits and money market accounts, partially offset by a decrease in time deposits.

•Asset Quality Metrics: The allowance for loan losses was $618.3 million or 1.65% of loans held-for-investment, as of September 30, 2020, compared with $358.3 million or 1.03% of loans held-for-investment, as of December 31, 2019. The increase in the allowance for loan losses was primarily due to the adverse economic impact that the ~~newly adopted CECL methodology and the deteriorating macroeconomic conditions and outlook as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.~~

•

~~Adjusted Earnings:~~ There were no adjustments for non-recurring items during the first quarter of 2020 that affected non-GAAP net income and diluted EPS. During the first quarter of 2019, the Company recorded a $7.0 million pre-tax or $4.9 million after-tax, impairment charge related to DC Solar and affiliates (“DC Solar”). (Refer to ~~Item 2. MD&A — Results of Operations — Income Taxes~~ ~~in this Form 10-Q for a discussion related to the Company’s investment in DC Solar and see reconciliations of non-GAAP measures presented under~~ ~~Item 2. MD&A — Supplemental Information — Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP Financial Measures~~ ~~in this Form 10-Q.) First quarter 2019 non-GAAP net income was $168.9 million and non-GAAP diluted EPS was $1.16.~~


•	~~Revenue:~~ Revenue, or the sum of net interest income before provision for credit losses and noninterest income, was $416.8 million for the first quarter of 2020, compared with $404.6 million for the first quarter of 2019, an increase of $12.2 million or 3%. This increase was primarily due to increased noninterest income.

•

~~Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin:~~ ~~First~~quarter of 2020 net interest income was $362.7 million, compared with first quarter of 2019 net interest income of $362.5 million. First quarter of 2020 net interest margin was 3.44%, a 35 basis point decrease from 3.79% for the first quarter of 2019. The decrease in the net interest margin reflected materially lower interest rates year-over-year, including a cumulative 225 basis points of cuts to the fed funds target rate in the second half of 2019 and in the first quarter of 2020.

•

~~Operating Efficiency:~~ Efficiency ratio, calculated as noninterest expense divided by revenue, was 42.92% and 46.20% for the first quarters of 2020 and 2019, respectively. Adjusting for amortization of tax credit and other investments, and core deposit intangibles, non-GAAP efficiency ratio for the first quarter of 2020 was 38.54%, a 121 basis point improvement from 39.75% for the first quarter of 2019. (See reconciliations of non-GAAP measures presented under ~~Item 2. MD&A — Supplemental Information — Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP Financial Measures~~ ~~in this Form 10-Q.)~~


•	~~Tax:~~ Income tax expense was $19.2 million and the effective tax rate was 11.7% for the first quarter of 2020, compared with an income tax expense of $31.1 million and an effective tax rate of 15.9% for the first quarter of 2019.

•

~~Profitability:~~ First quarter of 2020 ROA was 1.30% and first quarter of 2019 ROA was 1.63%. First quarter of 2020 ROE was 11.60% and first quarter of 2019 ROE was 14.66%. Adjusting for non-recurring items, which occurred only in the first quarter of 2019, non-GAAP ROA and non-GAAP ROE for the first quarter of 2019 were 1.68% and 15.10%, respectively. (See reconciliations of non-GAAP measures presented under ~~Item 2. MD&A — Supplemental Information — Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP Financial Measures~~ ~~in this Form 10-Q.)~~


•	~~Loans:~~ Total loans were $35.89 billion as of March 31, 2020, an increase of $1.12 billion or 3% from $34.78 billion as of December 31, 2019. Growth was well-diversified across commercial and industrial (“C&I”), total commercial real estate (“CRE”) and residential mortgage loans.


•	~~Deposits:~~ Total deposits were $38.69 billion as of March 31, 2020, an increase of $1.36 billion or 4% from $37.32 billion as of December 31, 2019. This increase was primarily driven by growth in noninterest-bearing demand deposits and money market accounts.

•

~~Asset Quality Metrics:~~ The allowance for loan losses was $557.0 million or 1.55% of loans held-for-investment, as of March 31, 2020, compared with $358.3 million or 1.03% of loans held-for-investment, as of December 31, 2019. The increase in the allowance for loan losses was due to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, which increased the allowance for loan losses by $125.2 million; deteriorating macroeconomic conditions and outlook as a result of the

COVID-19 pandemic ~~and~~had on our customer base; as well as the adoption of ASU 2016-13, which increased the allowance for loan ~~growth.~~losses by $125.2 million. Nonperforming assets were ~~$150.9~~$259.9 million or ~~0.33%~~0.52% of total assets, as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, an increase from $121.5 million or 0.27% of total assets, as of December 31, 2019. ~~First~~Third quarter 2020 net charge-offs were ~~$898 thousand,~~$24.2 million or an annualized ~~0.01%~~0.26% of average loans held-for-investment, compared with ~~$14.4~~$22.5 million or an annualized ~~0.18%~~ 0.26% of average loans held-for-investment for the third quarter of 2019. For the first nine months of 2020, net charge-offs were $44.3 million or annualized 0.16% of average loans held-for-investment, compared with $44.5 million or annualized 0.18% of average loans held-for-investment for the first nine months of 2019.

•Capital Levels: Our capital levels are strong. As of September 30, 2020, all of the Company’s and the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios were well above the regulatory requirements to be considered well-capitalized. See Item 2. MD&A — Balance Sheet Analysis — Regulatory Capital and Ratios in this Form 10-Q for more information regarding capital.

•Capital Return: The quarterly cash common stock dividend for the third quarter of 2020 and 2019 was $0.275 per share. Cash dividends of $39.5 million during the third quarter of 2020 and $119.4 million during the first nine months of 2020 were returned to stockholders, compared with $40.5 million and $114.8 million during the same periods in 2019, respectively. On March 3, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to buy back up to $500.0 million of the Company’s common stock. During the first quarter of ~~2019.~~2020, the Company repurchased 4,471,682 shares at an average price of $32.64 per share and a total cost of $146.0 million. There were no share repurchases during the second and third quarters of 2020.

•

~~Capital Levels:~~ Our capital levels are strong. As of March 31, 2020, all of the Company’s and the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios were well above the regulatory requirements to be considered well-capitalized. See ~~Item 2. MD&A — Balance Sheet Analysis — Regulatory Capital and Ratios~~ in this Form 10-Q for more information regarding capital. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company repurchased 4,471,682 shares at an average price of $32.64 per share and a total cost of $146.0 million. The Company did not repurchase any shares during the three months ended March 31, 2019.


•	~~Cash Dividend:~~ The quarterly cash common stock dividend for the first quarter of 2020 was $0.275 per share, an increase of $0.045 or 20% from $0.23 per share for the first quarter of 2019. The Company returned $40.5 million in cash dividends to stockholders during the first quarter of 2020, compared with $33.8 million during the same period in 2019.

Results of Operations

Net Interest Income

The Company’s primary source of revenue is net interest income, which is the interest income earned on interest-earning assets less interest expense paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest margin is the ratio of net interest income to average interest-earning assets. Net interest income and net interest margin are impacted by several factors, including changes in average balances and the composition of interest-earning assets and funding sources, market interest rate fluctuations and the slope of the yield curve, repricing characteristics and maturity of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, volume of noninterest-bearing sources of funds, and asset quality.

~~First~~Third quarter of 2020 net interest income was ~~$362.7~~$324.1 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$246 thousand~~$45.7 million or ~~0.07%~~12%, compared with ~~$362.5~~$369.8 million for the ~~first~~third quarter of 2019. ~~This slight increase~~For the first nine months of 2020, net interest income was $1.03 billion, a decrease of $69.0 million or 6%, compared with $1.10 billion for the first nine months of 2019. The year-over-year decline in net interest income was due to decreased interest-earning asset yields which reflected ~~loan growth and a decrease~~significantly lower benchmark interest rates in 2020, partially offset by decreases in the ~~average~~ cost of ~~funds, which was nearly offset by the year-over-year decline in interest-earning asset yields. First~~funds. Third quarter of 2020 net interest margin was ~~3.44%~~2.72%, ~~a 35~~an 87 basis point decrease from ~~3.79%~~3.59% for the third quarter of 2019. For the first nine months of 2020, net interest margin was 3.05%, a 65 basis point compression from 3.70% for the first ~~quarter~~nine months of 2019.

The average loan yield for the ~~first~~third quarter of 2020 was ~~4.71%~~3.60%, a 59151 basis point decrease from ~~5.30%~~5.11% for the third quarter of 2019. For the first nine months of 2020, the average loan yield was 4.08%, a 115 basis point decrease from 5.23% for the first ~~quarter~~nine months of 2019. ~~This decrease,~~These decreases, compared with the same ~~period a year ago,~~periods in 2019, reflected ~~the downward repricing of the Company’s loan portfolio in response to~~ materially lower interest ~~rates. As~~rates, including a cumulative 175 basis points reduction to the federal funds rate since September 30, 2019. Approximately 65% and 70% of ~~March 31, 2020, approximately 69% of total~~ loans held-for-investment were variable-rate or hybrid loans in their adjustable rate ~~period. First~~period as of September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Third quarter of 2020 average loans were ~~$35.15~~$37.16 billion, an increase of ~~$2.74~~$3.50 billion or 8%10% from ~~$32.41~~$33.66 billion for the third quarter of 2019. For the first nine months of 2020, average loans were $36.49 billion, an increase of $3.47 billion or 10% from $33.02 billion for the first ~~quarter~~nine months of 2019. ~~Average~~The year-over-year increases stemmed from growth in CRE, single-family residential and C&I loans. C&I loan growth was ~~broad-based across all commercial~~driven by PPP loan ~~categories and single-family residential loans.~~originations.

~~First~~

Third quarter of 2020 average interest-earning assets were ~~$42.36~~$47.43 billion, an increase of ~~$3.62~~$6.51 billion or 9%16% from ~~$38.75~~$40.92 billion for the ~~first~~third quarter of 2019. This was primarily ~~due to increases of $2.74 billion~~driven by growth in average loans, ~~and $632.4 million in~~average AFS debt ~~securities.~~securities, and average interest-bearing cash and deposits with banks which increased $3.50 billion, $1.41 billion, and $1.36 billion, respectively. For the first nine months of 2020, average interest-earning assets were $45.08 billion, an increase of $5.36 billion or 13% from $39.72 billion for the first nine months of 2019. This was primarily driven by growth in average loans, average AFS debt securities, and average interest-bearing cash and deposits with banks which increased $3.47 billion, $1.07 billion, and $778.9 million, respectively.

Deposits are an important source of funds and impact both net interest income and net interest margin. Average noninterest-bearing demand deposits totaled ~~$11.12~~$14.30 billion for the ~~first~~third quarter of 2020, compared with ~~$10.07~~$10.71 billion for the ~~first~~third quarter of 2019, an increase of ~~$1.05~~$3.59 billion or ~~10%~~33%. Average noninterest-bearing demand deposits comprised ~~30% and~~35% of average total deposits for the third quarter of 2020, up from 29% for the third quarter of 2019. Average noninterest-bearing demand deposits were $12.99 billion for the first nine months of 2020, compared with $10.34 billion for the first nine months of 2019, an increase of $2.65 billion or 26%. Average noninterest-bearing demand deposits comprised 33% of average total deposits for the first ~~quarters~~nine months of 2020, ~~and 2019, respectively.~~up from 29% for the first nine months of 2019. Average interest-bearing deposits of ~~$26.36~~$26.91 billion for the third quarter of 2020 increased $1.12 billion or 4% from $25.79 billion for the third quarter of 2019. Average interest-bearing deposits of $26.55 billion for the first ~~quarter~~nine months of 2020 increased ~~by $1.50~~$1.30 billion or 6%5%, from ~~$24.85~~$25.25 billion for the first ~~quarter~~nine months of 2019.

The average cost of funds was ~~0.90%~~0.38% for the ~~first~~third quarter of 2020, a decrease of 2575 basis points from ~~1.15%~~1.13% for the third quarter of 2019. For the first nine months of 2020, the average cost of funds was 0.59%, a decrease of 57 basis points from 1.16% for the first ~~quarter~~nine months of 2019. The ~~decrease~~decreases in the average cost of funds ~~reflects the~~primarily reflected a cumulative ~~225~~175 basis points ~~of cuts~~reduction to the ~~target fed~~federal funds rate ~~in the second half of 2019 and in the first quarter of 2020.~~since September 30, 2019. The average cost of deposits was ~~0.82%~~0.33% for the ~~first~~third quarter of 2020, a decrease of 2572 basis points from ~~1.07%~~1.05% for the third quarter of 2019. For the first nine months of 2020, the average cost of deposits was 0.53%, a decrease of 55 basis points from 1.08% for the first ~~quarter~~nine months of 2019.

The average cost of interest-bearing deposits ~~decreased 33~~was 0.50% for the third quarter of 2020, a decrease of 99 basis points ~~to 1.17%~~from 1.49% for the third quarter of 2019. For the first nine months of 2020, the average cost of interest-bearing deposits was 0.79%, a decrease of 73 basis points from 1.52% for the first ~~quarter of 2020, from 1.50% for the first quarter~~nine months of 2019. Other sources of funding included in the calculation of the average cost of funds consist of short-term borrowings, FHLB advances, ~~securities sold under~~ repurchase agreements ~~(“repurchase agreements”)~~ and long-term debt.

The Company utilizes various tools to manage interest rate risk. Refer to Item 2. MD&A — Risk Management — Market Risk Management in this Form 10-Q.

The following table presents the interest spread, net interest margin, average balances, interest income and expense, and the average yield/rate by asset and liability component for the third quarter of 2020 and 2019:



($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2020						2019
	Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/ Rate (1)		Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/ Rate (1)
ASSETS
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing cash and deposits with banks	$	4,904,394	$	5,045	0.41	%	$	3,547,626	$	19,710	2.20	%
Securities purchased under resale agreements (“resale agreements”) (2)	1,225,217		5,295		1.72	%	981,196		6,943		2.81	%
AFS debt securities (3)(4)	4,059,456		18,493		1.81	%	2,651,069		15,945		2.39	%
Loans (5)(6)	37,160,445		336,542		3.60	%	33,661,282		433,658		5.11	%
Restricted equity securities	79,074		353		1.78	%	78,213		656		3.33	%
Total interest-earning assets	$	47,428,586	$	365,728	3.07	%	$	40,919,386	$	476,912	4.62	%
Noninterest-earning assets:
Cash and due from banks	522,699						441,898
Allowance for loan losses	(632,216)						(328,523)
Other assets	2,928,190						2,103,512
Total assets	$	50,247,259					$	43,136,273
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Checking deposits	$	5,663,873	$	4,345	0.31	%	$	4,947,511	$	14,488	1.16	%
Money market deposits	9,981,704		6,837		0.27	%	8,344,993		26,943		1.28	%
Savings deposits	2,259,788		1,481		0.26	%	2,154,592		2,656		0.49	%
Time deposits	9,008,907		21,135		0.93	%	10,337,990		52,733		2.02	%
Short-term borrowings	84,858		407		1.91	%	40,433		382		3.75	%
FHLB advances	656,906		3,146		1.91	%	745,263		5,021		2.67	%
Repurchase agreements (2)	317,097		2,155		2.70	%	50,000		3,239		25.70	%
Long-term debt and finance lease liabilities	1,579,623		2,092		0.53	%	152,471		1,643		4.28	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	29,552,756	$	41,598	0.56	%	$	26,773,253	$	107,105	1.59	%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities and stockholders’ equity:
Demand deposits	14,296,475						10,712,612
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	1,318,677						812,127
Stockholders’ equity	5,079,351						4,838,281
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	50,247,259					$	43,136,273
Interest rate spread					2.51	%					3.03	%
Net interest income and net interest margin			$	324,130	2.72	%			$	369,807	3.59	%

(1)Annualized.

(2)There was no netting of repurchase agreements against resale agreements for the third quarter of 2020. Average balances of resale and repurchase agreements for the third quarter of 2019 have been reported net, pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 210-20-45-11, Balance Sheet Offsetting: Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Agreements. The weighted-average yields of gross resale agreements were 1.72% and 2.59% for the third quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively. The weighted-average interest rates of gross repurchase agreements were 2.70% and 4.68% for the third quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively.

(3)Yields on tax-exempt securities are not presented on a tax-equivalent basis.

(4)Includes the amortization of premiums on debt securities of $8.1 million and $3.0 million for the third quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively.

(5)Average balances include nonperforming loans and loans held-for-sale.

(6)Loans include the accretion of net deferred loan fees, unearned fees and amortization of premiums, which totaled $7.7 million and $7.8 million for the third quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively.



($ in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020						2019
	Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/ Rate (1)		Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/ Rate (1)
ASSETS
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing cash and deposits with banks	$	3,775,242	$	20,717	0.73	%	$	2,996,340	$	51,920	2.32	%
Resale agreements (2)	1,048,923		16,434		2.09	%	1,005,147		22,253		2.96	%
AFS debt securities (3)(4)	3,685,837		59,639		2.16	%	2,614,949		47,378		2.42	%
Loans (5)(6)	36,487,859		1,115,804		4.08	%	33,023,713		1,291,642		5.23	%
Restricted equity securities	78,873		1,100		1.86	%	76,313		1,874		3.28	%
Total interest-earning assets	$	45,076,734	$	1,213,694	3.60	%	$	39,716,462	$	1,415,067	4.76	%
Noninterest-earning assets:
Cash and due from banks	510,750						449,739
Allowance for loan losses	(563,912)						(321,486)
Other assets	2,729,458						1,970,775
Total assets	$	47,753,030					$	41,815,490
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Checking deposits	$	5,119,568	$	19,995	0.52	%	$	5,145,308	$	44,579	1.16	%
Money market deposits	9,630,918		37,178		0.52	%	8,094,933		85,858		1.42	%
Savings deposits	2,162,365		4,743		0.29	%	2,117,773		7,360		0.46	%
Time deposits	9,633,582		94,684		1.31	%	9,887,274		148,992		2.01	%
Short-term borrowings	128,846		1,228		1.27	%	45,410		1,359		4.00	%
FHLB advances	667,935		10,655		2.13	%	540,535		12,011		2.97	%
Repurchase agreements (2)	355,923		9,686		3.64	%	50,000		10,200		27.27	%
Long-term debt and finance lease liabilities	807,599		4,913		0.81	%	152,480		5,114		4.48	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	28,506,736	$	183,082	0.86	%	$	26,033,713	$	315,473	1.62	%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities and stockholders’ equity:
Demand deposits	12,987,813						10,342,966
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	1,230,359						751,065
Stockholders’ equity	5,028,122						4,687,746
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	47,753,030					$	41,815,490
Interest rate spread					2.74	%					3.14	%
Net interest income and net interest margin			$	1,030,612	3.05	%			$	1,099,594	3.70	%

(1)Annualized.

(2)Average balances of resale and repurchase agreements have been reported net, pursuant to ASC 210-20-45-11, Balance Sheet Offsetting: Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Agreements. The weighted-average yields of gross resale agreements were 2.09% and 2.71% for the first nine months of 2020 and 2019, respectively. The weighted-average interest rates of gross repurchase agreements were 3.48% and 4.87% for the first nine months of 2020 and 2019, respectively.

(3)Yields on tax-exempt securities are not presented on a tax-equivalent basis.

(4)Includes the amortization of premiums on debt securities of $17.3 million and $9.0 million for the first nine months of 2020 and 2019, respectively.

(5)Average balances include nonperforming loans and loans held-for-sale.

(6)Loans include the accretion of net deferred loan fees, unearned fees and amortization of premiums, which totaled $36.8 million and $24.6 million for the first nine months of 2020 and 2019, respectively.

($ in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019

Average
Balance
Interest
Average
Yield/
Rate ⁽¹⁾
Average
Balance Interest
Average
Yield/
Rate ⁽¹⁾
ASSETS
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing cash and deposits with banks $ 2,973,006
$ 11,168
1.51 % $ 2,578,686
$ 15,470
2.43 %
Securities purchased under resale agreements (“Resale agreements”) ⁽²⁾
882,142
5,565
2.54 % 1,035,000
7,846
3.07 %
AFS debt securities ⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾
3,274,740
20,142
2.47 % 2,642,299
15,748
2.42 %
Loans⁽⁵⁾⁽⁶⁾
35,153,968
411,869
4.71 % 32,414,785
423,534
5.30 %
Restricted equity securities 78,675
446
2.28 % 74,234
713
3.90 %
Total interest-earning assets $ 42,362,531
$ 449,190
4.26 % $ 38,745,004
$ 463,311
4.85 %
Noninterest-earning assets:
Cash and due from banks 510,512
468,159

Allowance for loan losses (492,297 ) (314,446 )
Other assets 2,374,763
1,839,687

Total assets $ 44,755,509
$ 40,738,404

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Checking deposits $ 5,001,672
$ 10,246
0.82 % $ 5,270,855
$ 14,255
1.10 %
Money market deposits 9,013,381
22,248
0.99 % 8,080,848
30,234
1.52 %
Savings deposits 2,076,270
1,817
0.35 % 2,091,406
2,227
0.43 %
Time deposits 10,264,007
42,092
1.65 % 9,408,897
45,289
1.95 %
Federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings 59,978
556
3.73 % 60,442
616
4.13 %
FHLB advances 693,357
4,166
2.42 % 338,027
2,979
3.57 %
Repurchase agreements ⁽²⁾
332,417
3,991
4.83 % 50,000
3,492
28.32 %
Long-term debt and finance lease liabilities 152,259
1,367
3.61 % 152,360
1,758
4.68 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities $ 27,593,341
$ 86,483
1.26 % $ 25,452,835
$ 100,850
1.61 %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities and stockholders’ equity:
Demand deposits 11,117,710
10,071,370

Accrued expenses and other liabilities 1,022,453
676,898

Stockholders’ equity 5,022,005
4,537,301

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 44,755,509
$ 40,738,404

Interest rate spread 3.00 % 3.24 %
Net interest income and net interest margin $ 362,707
3.44 % $ 362,461
3.79 %


~~(1)~~	~~Annualized.~~

~~(2)~~

~~Average balances of resale and repurchase agreements have been reported net, pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 210-20-45-11,~~ ~~Balance Sheet Offsetting: Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Agreements~~. The weighted-average yields of gross resale agreements were 2.54% and 2.80% for the first quarters of 2020 and 2019, respectively. The weighted-average interest rates of gross repurchase agreements were 4.10% and 5.01% for the first quarters of 2020 and 2019, respectively.


~~(3)~~	~~Yields on tax-exempt securities are not presented on a tax-equivalent basis.~~


~~(4)~~	~~Includes the amortization of premiums on debt securities of $3.3 million and $3.0 million for the first quarters of 2020 and 2019, respectively.~~


~~(5)~~	~~Average balances include nonperforming loans and loans held-for-sale.~~


~~(6)~~	~~Loans include the accretion of net deferred loan fees, unearned fees and amortization of premiums, which totaled $8.0 million for both the first quarters of 2020 and 2019.~~

The following table summarizes the extent to which changes in (1) interest ~~rates;~~rates, and (2) average interest-earning assets and average interest-bearing liabilities affected the Company’s net interest income for the periods presented. The total change for each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities is segmented into changes attributable to variations in volume and ~~interest rates.~~yield/rate. Changes that are not solely due to either volume or yield/rate are allocated proportionally based on the absolute value of the change related to average volume and average rate.



($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020 vs. 2019						2020 vs. 2019
	Total Change		Changes Due to				Total Change		Changes Due to
			Volume		Yield/Rate				Volume		Yield/Rate
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing cash and deposits with banks	$	(14,665)	$	5,544	$	(20,209)	$	(31,203)	$	10,978	$	(42,181)
Resale agreements	(1,648)		1,454		(3,102)		(5,819)		936		(6,755)
AFS debt securities	2,548		7,019		(4,471)		12,261		17,798		(5,537)
Loans	(97,116)		41,192		(138,308)		(175,838)		126,385		(302,223)
Restricted equity securities	(303)		7		(310)		(774)		61		(835)
Total interest and dividend income	$	(111,184)	$	55,216	$	(166,400)	$	(201,373)	$	156,158	$	(357,531)
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Checking deposits	$	(10,143)	$	1,832	$	(11,975)	$	(24,584)	$	(222)	$	(24,362)
Money market deposits	(20,106)		4,428		(24,534)		(48,680)		13,941		(62,621)
Savings deposits	(1,175)		123		(1,298)		(2,617)		152		(2,769)
Time deposits	(31,598)		(6,087)		(25,511)		(54,308)		(3,726)		(50,582)
Short-term borrowings	25		276		(251)		(131)		1,257		(1,388)
FHLB advances	(1,875)		(548)		(1,327)		(1,356)		2,474		(3,830)
Repurchase agreements	(1,084)		4,023		(5,107)		(514)		15,051		(15,565)
Long-term debt and finance lease liabilities	449		3,038		(2,589)		(201)		6,872		(7,073)
Total interest expense	$	(65,507)	$	7,085	$	(72,592)	$	(132,391)	$	35,799	$	(168,190)
Change in net interest income	$	(45,677)	$	48,131	$	(93,808)	$	(68,982)	$	120,359	$	(189,341)

($ in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 vs. 2019

Total
Change
Changes Due to
Volume Yield/Rate
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing cash and deposits with banks $ (4,302 ) $ 2,163
$ (6,465 )
Resale agreements (2,281 ) (1,045 ) (1,236 )
AFS debt securities 4,394
4,002
392
Loans ⁽¹⁾
(11,665 ) 35,890
(47,555 )
Restricted equity securities (267 ) 42
(309 )
Total interest and dividend income $ (14,121 ) $ 41,052
$ (55,173 )
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Checking deposits $ (4,009 ) $ (683 ) $ (3,326 )
Money market deposits (7,986 ) 3,277
(11,263 )
Savings deposits (410 ) (15 ) (395 )
Time deposits (3,197 ) 4,052
(7,249 )
Federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings (60 ) (4 ) (56 )
FHLB advances 1,187
2,395
(1,208 )
Repurchase agreements 499
5,529
(5,030 )
Long-term debt (391 ) (1 ) (390 )
Total interest expense $ (14,367 ) $ 14,550
$ (28,917 )
Change in net interest income $ 246
$ 26,502
$ (26,256 )

~~(1) Includes nonaccrual loans.~~

Noninterest Income

The following table presents the components of noninterest income for the third quarter and first ~~quarters~~nine months of 2020 and 2019:



($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		% Change		2020		2019		% Change
Lending fees	$	18,736	$	15,035	25	%	$	56,455	$	46,427	22	%
Deposit account fees	12,573		9,729		29	%	33,892		28,804		18	%
Foreign exchange income	3,310		8,065		(59)	%	15,691		20,366		(23)	%
Wealth management fees	4,553		4,841		(6)	%	12,997		12,415		5	%
Interest rate contracts and other derivative income	5,538		8,423		(34)	%	18,718		22,037		(15)	%
Net gains on sales of loans	361		2,037		(82)	%	1,443		2,967		(51)	%
Gains on sales of AFS debt securities	698		58		NM		11,867		3,066		287	%


Other investment income	316		663		(52)	%	3,203		2,571		25	%
Other income	3,495		2,623		33	%	8,000		7,711		4	%
Total noninterest income	$	49,580	$	51,474	(4)	%	$	162,266	$	146,364	11	%

NM — Not meaningful.

($ in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019 % Change
Lending fees $ 15,773
$ 14,969
5 %
Deposit account fees 10,447
9,468
10 %
Foreign exchange income 7,819
5,015
56 %
Wealth management fees 5,357
3,812
41 %
Interest rate contracts and other derivative income 7,073
3,216
120 %
Net gains on sales of loans 950
915
4 %
Net gains on sales of AFS debt securities 1,529
1,561
(2 %)
Other investment income 1,921
1,202
60 %
Other income 3,180
1,973
61 %
Total noninterest income $ 54,049
$ 42,131
28 %

Noninterest income comprised 13% and ~~10%~~14% of total revenue for the third quarter and first ~~quarters~~nine months of 2020, respectively, compared with 12% for both the third quarter and ~~2019, respectively. First~~first nine months of 2019. Third quarter of 2020 noninterest income was ~~$54.0~~$49.6 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$11.9~~$1.9 million or ~~28%~~4%, compared with ~~$42.1~~$51.5 million for the same period in 2019. This decrease was primarily due to decreases in foreign exchange income, interest rate contracts and other derivative income, and net gains on sales of loans, partially offset by increases in lending fees and deposit account fees. Noninterest income for the first nine months of 2020 was $162.3 million, an increase of $15.9 million or 11%, compared with $146.4 million for the first nine months of 2019. This increase was primarily due to increases in lending fees, gains on sale of AFS debt securities and deposit account fees, partially offset by decreases in foreign exchange income, and interest rate contracts and other derivative ~~income, foreign exchange income, wealth management fees, and other~~ income. The following discussion provides the composition of the major changes in noninterest ~~income.~~income:

Lending fees increased $3.7 million or 25% to $18.7 million for the third quarter of 2020, and increased $10.0 million or 22% to $56.5 million for the first nine months of 2020, as compared with the same periods in 2019. These increases primarily reflected an increase in the valuation of warrants received as part of lending relationships.

Deposit account fees increased $2.8 million or 29% to $12.6 million for the third quarter of 2020, and increased $5.1 million or 18% to $33.9 million for the first nine months of 2020, as compared with the same periods in 2019. These increases primarily reflected an increase in customer-driven transactions.

Foreign exchange income ~~increased by $2.8~~decreased $4.8 million or ~~56% from~~59% to $3.3 million for the ~~first~~third quarter of ~~2019~~2020, and decreased $4.7 million or 23% to ~~$7.8~~$15.7 million for the first ~~quarter~~nine months of ~~2020. The increase was~~2020, as compared with the same periods in 2019. These decreases were primarily driven by the ~~favorable~~downward revaluation of certain foreign currency-denominated balance sheet ~~items, partially offset by losses on foreign exchange transactions.~~items.

~~Wealth management fees increased by $1.5 million or 41% from the first quarter of 2019 to $5.4 million for the first quarter of 2020. The increase was driven by higher customer activity.~~

Interest rate contracts and other derivative income ~~increased $3.9~~decreased $2.9 million or ~~120%~~34% to ~~$7.1~~$5.5 million for the ~~first~~third quarter of ~~2020. This increase~~2020, and decreased $3.3 million or 15% to $18.7 million for the first nine months of 2020, as compared with the same periods in 2019. The $2.9 million or 34% decrease during the third quarter of 2020, compared with the same period in 2019 primarily reflected ~~strong~~a decline in customer demand for interest rate swaps. The $3.3 million or 15% decrease during the first nine months of 2020, compared with the same period in 2019 primarily reflected the impact of negative credit valuation adjustments due to higher loss probabilities for borrowers impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by higher year-to-date customer demand for interest rate swaps ~~in response to interest rate volatility, partially offset by a negative credit valuation adjustment related to interest rate derivative contracts, reflecting~~compared with the ~~year-over-year decline in long-term interest rates.~~year-ago period.

~~Other income increased by $1.2~~Net gains on sales of loans decreased $1.7 million or ~~61% from~~82% to $361 thousand for the ~~first~~third quarter of ~~2019~~2020, and decreased $1.5 million or 51% to ~~$3.2~~$1.4 million for the first nine months of 2020, as compared with the same periods in 2019. These decreases were primarily driven by lower SBA loan sale activity. There were no sales during the third quarter of 2020 compared with $21.1 million during the third quarter of 2019. SBA loan sales during the first nine months of 2020 were $11.2 million compared with $32.9 million during the first nine months of 2019.

Gains on sales of AFS debt securities increased $640 thousand to $698 thousand for the third quarter of 2020, up from $58 thousand for the third quarter of 2019. This increase was primarily driven by the sales of U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities of $9.8 million during the third quarter of 2020. ~~The~~Gains on sales of AFS debt securities increased $8.8 million or 287% to $11.9 million for the first nine months of 2020, up from $3.1 million for the first nine months of 2019. This increase was primarily driven by ~~a gain recognized on~~$131.6 million in sales of municipal bonds during the ~~cash surrender value~~second quarter of ~~bank owned life insurance policies.~~2020.

Noninterest Expense

The following table presents the components of noninterest expense for the third quarter and first ~~quarters~~nine months of 2020 and 2019:



($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		% Change		2020		2019		% Change
Compensation and employee benefits	$	99,756	$	97,819	2	%	$	298,671	$	300,649	(1)	%
Occupancy and equipment expense	16,648		17,912		(7)	%	49,941		52,592		(5)	%
Deposit insurance premiums and regulatory assessments	4,006		3,550		13	%	11,133		9,557		16	%
Legal expense	1,366		1,720		(21)	%	6,093		6,300		(3)	%
Data processing	3,590		3,328		8	%	11,896		9,945		20	%
Consulting expense	1,224		2,559		(52)	%	3,854		6,687		(42)	%
Deposit related expense	3,113		3,584		(13)	%	10,029		10,426		(4)	%
Computer software expense	8,539		6,556		30	%	22,006		18,845		17	%
Other operating expense	17,122		22,769		(25)	%	57,489		67,737		(15)	%
Amortization of tax credit and other investments	12,286		16,833		(27)	%	54,370		58,477		(7)	%
Repurchase agreements’ extinguishment cost	—		—		—	%	8,740		—		100	%

Total noninterest expense	$	167,650	$	176,630	(5)	%	$	534,222	$	541,215	(1)	%

($ in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019 % Change
Compensation and employee benefits $ 101,960
$ 102,299
— %
Occupancy and equipment expense 17,076
17,318
(1 %)
Deposit insurance premiums and regulatory assessments 3,427
3,088
11 %
Legal expense 3,197
2,225
44 %
Data processing 3,826
3,157
21 %
Consulting expense 1,217
2,059
(41 )%
Deposit related expense 3,563
3,504
2 %
Computer software expense 6,166
6,078
1 %
Other operating expense 21,119
22,289
(5 )%
Amortization of tax credit and other investments 17,325
24,905
(30 )%
Total noninterest expense $ 178,876
$ 186,922
(4 )%

~~First~~Third quarter 2020 noninterest expense was ~~$178.9~~$167.7 million, a decrease of ~~$8.0~~$8.9 million or 4%5%, compared with ~~$186.9~~$176.6 million for the same period in 2019. This decrease was primarily due to decreases in other operating expense, and amortization of tax credit and other investments, partially offset by an increase in computer software expense. Noninterest expense for the first nine months of 2020 was $534.2 million, a decrease of $7.0 million or 1%, compared with $541.2 million for the first nine months of 2019. This decrease was primarily due to decreases in other operating expense, amortization of tax credit and other investments, and ~~other operating~~consulting expense, partially offset by increases in repurchase agreements’ extinguishment cost and computer software expense.

Consulting expense decreased $1.4 million or 52% to $1.2 million for the third quarter of 2020, and decreased $2.8 million or 42% to $3.9 million for the first nine months of 2020, as compared with the same periods in 2019. These decreases were primarily due to reductions in consulting expense related to loan-related operations, treasury management, CECL implementation, and tax credit investment projects.

Computer software expense increased $2.0 million or 30% to $8.5 million for the third quarter of 2020, and increased $3.2 million or 17% to $22.0 million for the first nine months of 2020, as compared with the same periods in 2019. These increases were primarily due to software development expenses.

Other operating expense primarily consists of telecommunications and postage, loan related expenses, marketing, ~~telecommunications and postage, travel,~~ charitable contributions, travel, and other miscellaneous expense categories. ~~The $1.2~~Other operating expense decreased $5.7 million or ~~5% decrease~~25% to ~~$21.1~~$17.1 million for the third quarter of 2020, and decreased $10.2 million or 15% to $57.5 million for the first ~~quarter~~nine months of 2020, ~~was~~as compared with the same periods in 2019. These decreases were primarily ~~due to~~driven by decreases in marketing, travel and other miscellaneous ~~and travel expenses, partially offset by an increase in loan related expenses.~~

expense categories, largely due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Amortization of tax credit and other investments decreased ~~$7.6~~$4.5 million or ~~30%~~27% to ~~$17.3~~$12.3 million for the ~~first~~third quarter of 2020, compared with the ~~first quarter of~~same period in 2019. ~~In the first quarter of 2019, the Company fully wrote off the tax credit investments related to DC Solar and recorded a $7.0 million impairment charge, which was included in~~ Amortization of tax credit and other ~~investments.~~ ~~There was no such~~investments decreased $4.1 million or 7% to $54.4 million for the first nine months of 2020, as compared with the same period in 2019. These year-over-year decreases were primarily due to a decrease in other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) charges, partially offset by additional tax credit investments that were placed in service during 2020. No OTTI charges were recorded during the third quarter of 2020, while $1.7 million of OTTI charges related to two historic tax credits were recorded in the ~~current period.~~third quarter of 2019. For the first nine months of 2020, $474 thousand of OTTI charges, net of recoveries were recorded. For the first nine months of 2019, $7.0 million in full write-off of the DC Solar related tax credit investments and $4.6 million of OTTI charges related to three historic tax credits and a CRA investment were recorded.

During the second quarter of 2020, the Company prepaid $150.0 million of repurchase agreements and incurred a debt extinguishment cost of $8.7 million. No such expense was incurred in the third quarter of 2020; nor the third quarter and first nine months of 2019.

Income Taxes



($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31,								($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020			2019			% Change			2020			2019			% Change		2020			2019			% Change
Income before income taxes	$	164,010		$	195,091		(16	)%	Income before income taxes	$	196,060		$	206,367		(5)	%	$	472,343		$	624,635		(24)	%
Income tax expense	$	19,186		$	31,067		(38	%)	Income tax expense	$	36,523		$	34,951		4	%	$	68,630		$	138,815		(51)	%
Effective tax rate	11.7		%	15.9		%			Effective tax rate	18.6		%	16.9		%	10	%	14.5		%	22.2		%	(35)	%

~~The income~~Income tax expense was ~~$19.2~~$36.5 million and the effective tax rate was ~~11.7% in~~18.6% for the ~~first~~third quarter of 2020, compared with an income tax expense of ~~$31.1~~$35.0 million and an effective tax rate of ~~15.9%~~16.9% for the same period in 2019. The increase in effective tax rate for the third quarter of 2020 compared with the same period in 2019 was primarily due to a decrease in tax credits recognized from investments in solar tax credit projects during these periods.

The income tax expense was $68.6 million and the effective tax rate was 14.5% for the first nine months of 2020, compared with an income tax expense of $138.8 million and an effective tax rate of 22.2% for the same period in 2019. The higher effective tax rate of 22.2% during the first nine months of 2019 was primarily due to $30.1 million of additional income tax expense recorded during the second quarter of ~~2019. A~~2019 to reverse certain previously claimed tax credits related to the Company’s investment in DC Solar. Excluding this $30.1 million of additional income tax expense, non-GAAP effective tax rates for the first nine months of 2019 was 17.4%. For more details, see reconciliations of non-GAAP measures presented under Item 2. MD&A — Supplemental Information — Explanation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures in this Form 10-Q.Excluding this non-GAAP impact, the year-over-year decrease in the effective tax rate for the first nine months of 2020, compared to the year-ago period, was primarily due to a year-over-year increase in tax credits recognized from investments in renewable energy and ~~solar~~historic tax credit ~~projects, and a decrease in income before income taxes contributed to the lower effective tax rate during the three months ended March 31, 2020.~~

~~Impact of Investment in DC Solar Tax Credit Funds~~

projects.

The Company invested in four solar energy tax credit funds in the years 2014, 2015, 2017 and 2018 as a limited member. These tax credit funds engaged in the acquisition and leasing of mobile solar generators through DC Solar entities. Investors in DC Solar funds, including the Company, received tax credits for making renewable energy investments. Between 2014 and 2018, the Company had claimed energy tax credits of approximately $53.9 million, partially reduced by a deferred tax liability of $5.7 million related to the 50% tax basis reduction, for a net impact of $48.2 million to the Consolidated Financial Statements. During the first quarter of 2019, the Company fully wrote off its tax credit investments related to DC Solar and recorded a $7.0 million other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) charge within ~~Amortization of tax credit and other investments~~ on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The Company concluded at that time that there would be no material future cash flows related to these investments, in part because DC Solar has ceased operations and its bankruptcy case had been converted from Chapter 11 to Chapter 7 on March 22, 2019. During the second quarter of 2019, the Company concluded that a portion of the previously claimed tax credits would be recaptured, and reversed $33.6 million of the $53.9 million previously claimed tax credits, and $3.5 million out of the $5.7 million deferred tax liability, resulting in $30.1 million of additional tax expense. For additional information related to DC solar, refer to ~~Note 8 — Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Partnerships, Tax Credit and Other Investments, Net and Variable Interest Entities~~ ~~and~~ ~~Note 14 — Income Taxes~~ ~~to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K.~~

~~Tax Impact of CARES Act~~

On March 27, 2020, the President signed the CARES Act, a $2.2 trillion economic stimulus bill to help individuals and businesses that have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak. Among other provisions, the CARES Act allows net operating losses, which were modified with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, to be carried back five years. It also modifies the useful lives of qualified leasehold improvements, relaxing the excess loss limitations on pass-through and increasing the interest expense limitation. The Company does not expect the CARES Act to have a material tax impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Operating Segment Results

The Company organizes its operations into three reportable operating segments: (1) Consumer and Business Banking; (2) Commercial Banking; and (3) Other. These segments are defined by the type of customers served and the related products and services provided. The segments reflect how financial information is currently evaluated by management. For additional description of the Company’s internal management reporting process, including the segment cost allocation methodology, see Note 15 — Business Segments to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

~~Net~~Segment net interest income before provision for credit losses ~~of each segment~~ represents the difference between ~~actual~~ interest income earned on loans and interest expense paid on customer deposits of the segment, adjusted for funding charges for loans or funding credits for deposits through the Company’s internal funds transfer pricing (“FTP”) process.During the third quarter of 2019, the Company enhanced its FTP methodology related to deposits by setting a minimum floor rate using the short-term FHLB rate as a reference rate for the FTP credits paid for deposits in ~~consideration~~the event of ~~the~~ flattened and inverted yield ~~curve. This methodology has been retrospectively applied~~curves in the market. The process is effective in the current market conditions as of September 30, 2020. Effective January 1, 2020, in connection with the adoption of ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326), the provision for credit losses is booked by segment based on segment loans against which an allowance is recorded instead of being allocated to ~~the segment financial results for the first quarter of 2019.~~segments based on loan volume.

The following tables present ~~the~~ selected segment information for the third quarter and first ~~quarters~~nine months of 2020 and 2019:



($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Consumer and Business Banking		Commercial Banking		Other		Total
Net interest income before (reversal of) provision for credit losses	$	120,969	$	162,884	$	40,277	$	324,130
(Reversal of) provision for credit losses	(3,470)		13,470		—		10,000
Noninterest income	17,426		28,984		3,170		49,580






















Noninterest expense	81,419		61,863		24,368		167,650
Segment income before income taxes	60,446		116,535		19,079		196,060

Segment net income	$	43,310	$	83,340	$	32,887	$	159,537
Average loans	$	12,267,993	$	24,892,452	$	—	$	37,160,445
Average deposits	$	27,596,090	$	10,766,677	$	2,847,980	$	41,210,747



($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Consumer and Business Banking		Commercial Banking		Other		Total
Net interest income before provision for credit losses	$	170,183	$	166,106	$	33,518	$	369,807
Provision for credit losses	4,251		34,033		—		38,284
Noninterest income	15,103		33,731		2,640		51,474






















Noninterest expense	86,489		62,246		27,895		176,630
Segment income before income taxes	94,546		103,558		8,263		206,367

Segment net income	$	67,592	$	74,111	$	29,713	$	171,416
Average loans	$	10,721,391	$	22,939,891	$	—	$	33,661,282
Average deposits	$	25,006,435	$	8,686,523	$	2,804,740	$	36,497,698



($ in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Consumer and Business Banking		Commercial Banking		Other		Total
Net interest income before provision for credit losses	$	398,486	$	530,181	$	101,945	$	1,030,612
Provision for credit losses	9,908		176,405		—		186,313
Noninterest income	47,771		95,327		19,168		162,266
Noninterest expense	248,547		196,889		88,786		534,222
Segment income before income taxes	187,802		252,214		32,327		472,343
Segment net income	$	134,563	$	180,649	$	88,501	$	403,713
Average loans	$	11,851,089	$	24,636,770	$	—	$	36,487,859
Average deposits	$	26,734,437	$	10,197,018	$	2,602,791	$	39,534,246



($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020								($ in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Consumer and Business Banking		Commercial Banking		Other		Total			Consumer and Business Banking		Commercial Banking		Other		Total
Net interest income before provision for credit losses	$	152,591	$	183,501	$	26,615	$	362,707	Net interest income before provision for credit losses	$	536,153	$	477,755	$	85,686	$	1,099,594
Provision for credit losses	7,788		66,082		—		73,870		Provision for credit losses	8,880		71,228		—		80,108
Noninterest income	16,402		32,456		5,191		54,049		Noninterest income	43,378		91,931		11,055		146,364
Noninterest expense	86,964		70,126		21,786		178,876		Noninterest expense	258,051		200,093		83,071		541,215
Segment income before income taxes	74,241		79,749		10,020		164,010		Segment income before income taxes	312,600		298,365		13,670		624,635
Segment net income	$	53,195	$	57,131	$	34,498	$	144,824	Segment net income	$	223,478	$	213,331	$	49,011	$	485,820
Average loans	$	11,269,489	$	23,884,479	$	—	$	35,153,968	Average loans	$	10,535,455	$	22,488,258	$	—	$	33,023,713
Average deposits	$	25,593,064	$	9,175,430	$	2,704,546	$	37,473,040	Average deposits	$	25,021,677	$	8,354,914	$	2,211,663	$	35,588,254

($ in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

Consumer
and
Business
Banking

Commercial
Banking
Other Total
Net interest income before provision for credit losses $ 185,059
$ 152,708
$ 24,694
$ 362,461
Provision for credit losses 3,013
19,566
—
22,579
Noninterest income 13,772
24,544
3,815
42,131
Noninterest expense 87,906
70,544
28,472
186,922
Segment income before income taxes 107,912
87,142
37
195,091
Segment net income $ 77,146
$ 62,334
$ 24,544
$ 164,024
Average loans $ 10,351,770
$ 22,063,015
$ —
$ 32,414,785
Average deposits $ 25,048,532
$ 8,020,698
$ 1,854,146
$ 34,923,376

Consumer and Business Banking

The Consumer and Business Banking segment primarily provides financial products and services to consumer and commercial customers through the Company’s domestic branch network. This segment offers consumer and commercial deposits, mortgage and home equity loans, and other products and services. It also originates commercial loans for small and medium-sized ~~enterprises through the Company’s branch network.~~enterprises. Other products and services provided by this segment include wealth management, treasury management and foreign exchange services.

~~First~~The Consumer and Business Banking segment reported net income of $43.3 million for the third quarter of 2020, compared with $67.6 million for the same period in 2019. The decrease in segment net income of $24.3 million or 36% was primarily due to a decrease in net interest income before reversal of provision for credit losses.

Third quarter 2020 net interest income before reversal of provision for credit losses for this segment was ~~$152.6~~$121.0 million, a decrease of ~~$32.5~~$49.2 million or ~~18%~~29%, compared with ~~$185.1~~$170.2 million for the same period in 2019. ~~Year-over-year, interest~~Interest income earned on loans ~~increased~~decreased by 1%8%, driven by a decrease in the average loan yield, partially offset by growth in income driven by average loan ~~growth that was nearly entirely offset by a decrease in average loan yields; interest~~growth. Interest expense paid on deposits decreased by ~~19%~~65%, driven by a decline in the average cost of ~~deposits;~~deposits. FTP funding charges assessed for loans decreased, reflecting a decline in the loans FTP rate, and FTP credits received for deposits ~~also~~decreased, reflecting a decline in the deposits FTP rate. Combined, these factors contributed to a 29% decrease in segment net interest income before reversal of provision for credit losses, with the largest driver being lower FTP credits received for deposits.

Third quarter 2020 reversal of provision for credit losses was $3.5 million, a decrease of $7.8 million, compared with $4.3 million of provision for credit losses for the same period in 2019. The reversal of provision for credit losses in the third quarter of 2020 reflects a quarter-over-quarter decrease in the allowance for loan losses assigned to the Consumer and Business Banking segment, primarily due to an improved macroeconomic forecast used in the credit estimation process.

Third quarter 2020 average loans for this segment were $12.27 billion, an increase of $1.55 billion or 14% from $10.72 billion for the same period in 2019, primarily driven by growth in residential mortgage and C&I loans, namely PPP loans. Third quarter 2020 average deposits for this segment were $27.60 billion, an increase of $2.59 billion or 10% from $25.01 billion for the same period in 2019, primarily driven by growth in noninterest-bearing demand and interest-bearing checking deposits.

The Consumer and Business Banking segment reported net income of $134.6 million for the first nine months of 2020, compared with $223.5 million for the same period in 2019. The decrease in segment net income of $88.9 million or 40% was primarily due to a decrease in net interest income before provision for credit losses.

Net interest income before provision for credit losses for this segment for the first nine months of 2020 was $398.5 million, a decrease of $137.7 million or 26%, compared with $536.2 million for the same period in 2019. Interest income earned on loans remained relatively flat. Interest expense paid on deposits decreased by 46%, driven by a decline in the average cost of deposits. FTP funding charges assessed for loans decreased, reflecting a decline in the loans FTP rate, and FTP credits received for deposits decreased, reflecting a decline in the deposits FTP rate. Combined, these factors drove ~~the 18% year-over-year~~a 26% decrease in segment net interest income before provision for credit losses, with the largest driver ~~of the negative variance~~ being lower FTP credits received for deposits.

Average loans for this segment were ~~$11.27~~$11.85 billion for the first nine months of 2020, an increase of ~~$917.7 million~~$1.31 billion or 9%12% from ~~$10.35~~$10.54 billion for the same period in 2019, primarily driven by ~~an increase~~growth in ~~single-family~~ residential mortgage loans. Average deposits for this segment were ~~$25.59~~$26.73 billion ~~essentially flat compared with average deposits~~for the first nine months of ~~$25.05~~2020, an increase of $1.71 billion or 7% from $25.02 billion for the same period in ~~2019.~~2019, primarily driven by growth in noninterest-bearing demand and money market deposits.

Commercial Banking

The Commercial Banking segment primarily generates commercial loans and deposits. Commercial loan products include commercial business loans and lines of credit, trade finance loans and letters of credit, CRE loans, construction and land lending, affordable housing loans and letters of credit, asset-based lending, and equipment financing. Commercial deposit products and other financial services include treasury management, foreign exchange services, and interest rate and commodity risk hedging.

The Commercial Banking segment reported segment net income of ~~$57.1~~$83.3 million for the ~~first~~third quarter of 2020, compared with ~~$62.3~~$74.1 million for the same period in 2019. The ~~$5.2~~increase in segment net income of $9.2 million or 8%12% reflected a decrease in provision for credit losses, partially offset by a decrease in noninterest income.

Third quarter 2020 provision for credit losses was $13.5 million, a decrease of $20.5 million or 60%, compared with $34.0 million for the same period in 2019. The provision for credit losses in the third quarter of 2020 reflected the quarter-over-quarter change in the allowance for loan losses assigned to the Commercial Banking segment, which is primarily due to an improved macroeconomic forecast used in the credit estimation process, partially offset by higher reserves for oil & gas related loans.

Noninterest income for the third quarter of 2020 was $29.0 million, a decrease of $4.7 million or 14%, compared with $33.7 million for the same period in 2019. This decrease was mainly due to decreases in foreign exchange income, interest rate contracts and other derivative income, partially offset by an increase in lending fees.

Third quarter 2020 average loans for this segment were $24.89 billion, an increase of $1.95 billion or 9% from $22.94 billion for the same period in 2019, primarily driven by the growth in CRE and C&I loans, namely PPP loans. Third quarter 2020 average deposits were $10.77 billion, an increase of $2.08 billion or 24% from $8.69 billion for the same period in 2019, primarily driven by an increase in noninterest-bearing demand deposits.

The Commercial Banking segment reported segment net income of $180.6 million for the first nine months of 2020, compared with $213.3 million for the same period in 2019. The decrease in segment net income of $32.7 million or 15% reflected an increase in provision for credit losses, partially offset by ~~increases~~an increase in net interest income before provision for credit ~~losses and noninterest income. First quarter 2020 provision~~losses. Provision for credit losses for the first nine months of 2020 was ~~$66.1~~$176.4 million, an increase of ~~$46.5~~$105.2 million or ~~238%~~148%, compared with ~~$19.6~~$71.2 million for the same period in 2019. This increase was primarily due to ~~the deterioration in~~deteriorating macroeconomic conditions and outlook as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, ~~during the first quarter of 2020.~~and higher reserves for oil & gas-related loans.

Net interest income before provision for credit losses for this segment for the first nine months of 2020 was ~~$183.5~~$530.2 million, an increase of ~~$30.8~~$52.4 million or ~~20%~~11%, compared with ~~$152.7~~$477.8 million for the same period in 2019. ~~Year-over-year, interest~~Interest income earned on loans decreased by 5%18%, ~~driven by~~which was primarily attributable to a decrease in average loan yields ~~which more than~~partially offset by growth in income ~~growth from~~driven by average loan ~~growth; interest~~growth. Interest expense paid on deposits decreased by ~~14%~~39%, driven by a decline in the average cost of ~~deposits;~~deposits. FTP funding charges assessed for loans decreased, reflecting a decline in the ~~loans~~ FTP rate ~~and~~on loans. FTP credits received for deposits ~~also~~ decreased, reflecting a decline in the ~~deposits~~ FTP ~~rate.~~rate on deposits. Combined, these factors drove ~~the 20% year-over-year~~an increase of 11% in segment net interest income before provision for credit losses, ~~with the largest driver of the positive variance being~~primarily driven by lower FTP funding charges assessed for loans.

Average loans for this segment were ~~$23.88~~$24.64 billion for the first nine months of 2020, an increase of ~~$1.82~~$2.15 billion or 8%10% from ~~$22.06~~$22.49 billion for the same period in 2019, primarily driven by the growth in CRE and C&I loans, namely PPP loans. Average deposits for this segment were ~~$9.18~~$10.20 billion for the first nine months of 2020, an increase of ~~$1.16~~$1.85 billion or ~~14%~~22% from ~~$8.02~~$8.35 billion for the same period in 2019, primarily driven by ~~growth~~increases in ~~time deposits and~~ noninterest-bearing demand and time deposits.

First quarter 2020 noninterest income was $32.5 million, an increase of $8.0 million or 32%, compared with $24.5 million for the same period in 2019. This increase was mainly attributable to increases in interest rate contracts and other derivative income and foreign exchange income. The increase in interest rate contracts and other derivative income was driven by strong customer demand for interest rate swaps in response to manage risk associated with increased interest rate volatility, partially offset by a negative credit valuation adjustment of related derivative products. The increase in foreign exchange income was primarily driven by favorable revaluation of certain foreign currency-denominated balance sheet items and an increased volume of foreign exchange transactions.

Other

~~Other~~

Centralized functions, including the corporate treasury activities of the Company and eliminations of inter-segment amounts, have been aggregated and included in the Other segment, which provides broad administrative support to the two core segments, namely the Consumer and Business Banking and the Commercial Banking segments.

The Other segment reported segment income before income taxes of ~~$10.0~~$19.1 million and segment net income of ~~$34.5~~$32.9 million for the ~~first~~third quarter of 2020, reflecting an income tax benefit of ~~$24.5~~$13.8 million. In comparison, the Other segment reported segment income before income taxes of $8.3 million and segment net income of $29.7 million for the third quarter of 2019, reflecting an income tax benefit of $21.4 million.

The increase in third quarter 2020 segment income before income taxes was primarily driven by an increase in net interest income before provision for credit losses and a decrease in noninterest expense. Third quarter 2020 net interest income before provision for credit losses was $40.3 million, an increase of $6.8 million or 20%, compared with $33.5 million for the same period in 2019. This increase mainly reflected a decrease in interest expense paid on deposits, driven by a decline in average cost of deposits and an increase in FTP net spread. FTP net spread is the difference between the total internal FTP charges and credits and is recorded as part of net interest income in the Other segment. Noninterest expense was $24.4 million, a decrease of $3.5 million or 13%, compared with $27.9 million for the same period in 2019. This decrease was primarily driven by the quarter-over-quarter change in the amortization of tax credit and other investments.

The Other segment reported segment income before income taxes of ~~$37 thousand~~$32.3 million and segment net income of ~~$24.5~~$88.5 million for the first ~~quarter~~nine months of 2020, reflecting an income tax benefit of $56.2 million. In comparison, the Other segment reported segment income before income taxes of $13.7 million and segment net income of $49.0 million for the first nine months of 2019, reflecting an income tax benefit of ~~$24.5~~$35.3 million.

The increase in segment income before income taxes was primarily driven by ~~a decrease~~an increase in ~~noninterest expense. First quarter~~net interest income before provision for credit losses. Net interest income before provision for credit losses for the first nine months of 2020 ~~noninterest expense~~ was ~~$21.8~~$101.9 million, ~~a decrease~~an increase of ~~$6.7~~$16.2 million or ~~23%~~19%, compared with ~~$28.5~~$85.7 million for the same period in 2019. ~~The decrease was primarily due to~~This increase reflected a decrease in ~~amortization of tax credit and other investments, which was elevated~~interest expense paid on deposits, driven by a ~~nonrecurring pre-tax impairment charge~~decline in the average cost of ~~$7.0 million related to DC Solar during the first quarter of 2019.~~deposits and an increase in FTP net spread.

The income tax expense or benefit in the Other segment consists of the remaining unallocated income tax expense or benefit after allocating income tax expense to the two core segments. Income tax expense is allocated to the Consumer and Business Banking and the Commercial Banking segments by applying statutory income tax rates to the segment income before income taxes.

Balance Sheet Analysis

The following table presents ~~a discussion of~~ the significant changes between ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

Selected Consolidated Balance Sheet Data



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		Change
					($)		(%)
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,506,941	$	3,261,149	$	1,245,792	38	%

Interest-bearing deposits with banks	699,465		196,161		503,304		257	%


Resale agreements	1,210,000		860,000		350,000		41	%
AFS debt securities, at fair value (amortized cost of $4,471,694 in 2020 and $3,320,648 in 2019)	4,539,160		3,317,214		1,221,946		37	%
Restricted equity securities, at cost	79,172		78,580		592		1	%
Loans held-for-sale	4,148		434		3,714		856	%
Loans held-for-investment (net of allowance (1) for loan losses of $618,252 in 2020 and $358,287 in 2019)	36,818,877		34,420,252		2,398,625		7	%
Investments in qualified affordable housing partnerships, net	192,913		207,037		(14,124)		(7)	%
Investments in tax credit and other investments, net	254,512		254,140		372		0	%
Premises and equipment, net	107,506		118,364		(10,858)		(9)	%
Goodwill	465,697		465,697		—		—	%
Operating lease right-of-use assets	96,092		99,973		(3,881)		(4)	%

Other assets	1,396,994		917,095		479,899		52	%
TOTAL	$	50,371,477	$	44,196,096	$	6,175,381	14	%
LIABILITIES
Noninterest-bearing	$	14,924,917	$	11,080,036	$	3,844,881	35	%
Interest-bearing	26,755,638		26,244,223		511,415		2	%
Total deposits	41,680,555		37,324,259		4,356,296		12	%

Short-term borrowings	59,613		28,669		30,944		108	%

FHLB advances	657,185		745,915		(88,730)		(12)	%
Repurchase agreements	348,063		200,000		148,063		74	%
Long-term debt and finance lease liabilities (2)	1,579,317		152,270		1,427,047		937	%
Operating lease liabilities	103,673		108,083		(4,410)		(4)	%
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	816,965		619,283		197,682		32	%
Total liabilities	45,245,371		39,178,479		6,066,892		15	%
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (1)	5,126,106		5,017,617		108,489		2	%
TOTAL	$	50,371,477	$	44,196,096	$	6,175,381	14	%

($ in thousands) March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Change
$ %
(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,080,042
$ 3,261,149
$ (181,107 ) (6 )%
Interest-bearing deposits with banks 293,509
196,161
97,348
50 %
Resale agreements 860,000
860,000
—
— %
AFS debt securities, at fair value (amortized cost of $3,660,413 in 2020) 3,695,943
3,317,214
378,729
11 %
Restricted equity securities, at cost 78,745
78,580
165
0 %
Loans held-for-sale 1,594
434
1,160
267 %
Loans held-for-investment (net of allowance for loan losses of $557,003 in 2020 and $358,287 in 2019) 35,336,390
34,420,252
916,138
3 %
Investments in qualified affordable housing partnerships, net 198,653
207,037
(8,384 ) (4 )%
Investments in tax credit and other investments, net 268,330
254,140
14,190
6 %
Premises and equipment 115,393
118,364
(2,971 ) (3 )%
Goodwill 465,697
465,697
—
— %
Operating lease right-of-use assets 101,381
99,973
1,408
1 %
Other assets 1,452,868
917,095
535,773
58 %
TOTAL $ 45,948,545
$ 44,196,096
$ 1,752,449
4 %
LIABILITIES
Noninterest-bearing $ 11,833,397
$ 11,080,036
$ 753,361
7 %
Interest-bearing 26,853,561
26,244,223
609,338
2 %
Total deposits 38,686,958
37,324,259
1,362,699
4 %
Short-term borrowings 66,924
28,669
38,255
133 %
FHLB advances 646,336
745,915
(99,579 ) (13 )%
Repurchase agreements 450,000
200,000
250,000
125 %
Long-term debt and finance lease liabilities 152,162
152,270
(108 ) (0)%
Operating lease liabilities 109,356
108,083
1,273
1 %
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 933,824
619,283
314,541
51 %
Total liabilities 41,045,560
39,178,479
1,867,081
5 %
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 4,902,985
5,017,617
(114,632 ) (2 )%
TOTAL $ 45,948,545
$ 44,196,096
$ 1,752,449
4 %

(1)On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments using the modified retrospective approach. The Company recorded $125.2 million increase to allowance for loan losses and $98.0 million after-tax decrease to opening retained earnings as of January 1, 2020.

(2)Includes $1.43 billion of advances from the Federal Reserve’s PPPLF as of September 30, 2020.

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, total assets were ~~$45.95~~$50.37 billion, an increase of ~~$1.75~~$6.18 billion or 4%14% from December 31, 2019, primarily due toto loan growth, and ~~an increase~~increases in cash equivalents and AFS debt securities. The loan growth ~~was~~came from each of the Company’s major loan portfolios, with the strongest growth from C&I, driven by ~~strong increases in C&I,~~PPP loan growth. CRE ~~as well as~~and single-family residential ~~loans.~~loans contributed to the growth as well. The increase in cash and cash equivalents was primarily driven by deposit growth and advances from the PPPLF. AFS debt securities increased as runoff and sales were more than offset by purchases.

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, total liabilities were ~~$41.05~~$45.25 billion, an increase of ~~$1.87~~$6.07 billion or 5%15% from December 31, 2019, primarily due to an increases in deposits and long-term debt. Deposit growth was attributable to strong growth from both commercial and consumer customers, partially offset by a reduction in higher-cost time deposits. The increase in ~~deposits, which~~long-term debt was ~~largely~~primarily driven by ~~increases in noninterest-bearing demand and money market accounts.~~advances from the PPPLF.

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, total stockholders’ equity was ~~$4.90~~$5.13 billion, ~~a decrease~~an increase of ~~$114.6~~$108.5 million or 2% from December 31, 2019. This ~~decrease~~increase was primarily driven by ~~stock repurchase transactions and a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings due to~~net income for the ~~adoption~~first nine months of ~~ASU 2016-13,~~2020, partially offset by ~~first quarter of 2020 net income.~~common stock repurchases and cash dividends declared on common stock.

Debt Securities

The Company maintains a debt securities portfolio that consists of high quality and liquid securities with relatively short durations to minimize overall interest rate and liquidity risks. The Company’s AFS debt securities provide:

•interest income for earnings and yield enhancement;

•availability for funding needs arising during the normal course of business;

•the ability to execute interest rate risk management strategies in response to changes in economic or market conditions; and

•collateral to support pledging agreements as required and/or to enhance the Company’s borrowing capacity.

Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company’s AFS debt securities portfolio primarily consisted of mortgage-backed securities and debt securities issued by U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, ~~foreign bonds,~~non-agency mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities, collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), corporate debt securities, foreign government bonds, and U.S. Treasury securities. Debt securities classified as AFS are carried at their fair value with the corresponding changes in fair value recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive ~~loss,~~income (loss), net of tax, as a component of Stockholders’ equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of AFS debt securities by major categories as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	50,410	$	50,998	$	177,215	$	176,422
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities	718,907		727,062		584,275		581,245
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities	2,143,566		2,205,118		1,598,261		1,607,368
Municipal securities	327,422		333,275		101,621		102,302
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities	487,649		492,289		133,439		135,098
Corporate debt securities	251,253		251,177		11,250		11,149
Foreign government bonds (1)	134,179		132,671		354,481		354,172
Asset-backed securities (1)	64,308		63,148		66,106		64,752
CLOs (1)	294,000		283,422		294,000		284,706

Total AFS debt securities	$	4,471,694	$	4,539,160	$	3,320,648	$	3,317,214

($ in thousands) March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019

Amortized
Cost

Fair
Value

Amortized
Cost

Fair
Value
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities $ 50,606
$ 51,428
$ 177,215
$ 176,422
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities 511,176
518,408
584,275
581,245
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities 1,993,653
2,050,315
1,598,261
1,607,368
Municipal securities 300,551
309,626
101,621
102,302
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities 149,955
149,248
133,439
135,098
Corporate debt securities 11,250
10,963
11,250
11,149
Foreign bonds ⁽¹⁾
283,822
284,521
354,481
354,172
Asset-backed securities 65,400
61,556
66,106
64,752
CLOs 294,000
259,878
294,000
284,706
Total AFS debt securities $ 3,660,413
$ 3,695,943
$ 3,320,648
$ 3,317,214

(1)There were no securities of a single non-governmental agency issuer that exceeded 10% of stockholder’s equity as of both ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

The fair value of AFS debt securities totaled ~~$3.70~~$4.54 billion as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, compared with $3.32 billion as of December 31, 2019. The ~~$378.7 million~~$1.22 billion or ~~11%~~37% increase was primarily attributable to the purchases ~~of U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities, and municipal securities; partially offset by the sales, repayments, and maturities~~ of U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities, U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities, non-agency mortgage-backed securities, and municipal securities; partially offset by the sales, repayments, calls, and maturities of U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities, foreign government bonds, U.S Treasury securities, and ~~U.S treasury~~U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities.

The Company’s debt securities portfolio had an effective duration of ~~2.7~~3.8 years as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 which ~~shortened~~increased from 3.1 years as of December 31, 2019, primarily due to an increase in the ~~decline~~target duration of securities purchases to achieve enhancement in interest rates. In addition, the spread between central government-guaranteed securities and private issuers widened, as relatively higher risk premiums were paid for securities issued by private entities.portfolio yield. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, ~~96%~~90% and 97%, respectively, of the carrying value of the Company’s debt securities portfolio was rated “AA-” or “Aa3” or higher by nationally recognized credit rating agencies. Credit ratings of BBB- or higher by Standard and Poor’s (“S&P”) and Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”), or Baa3 or higher by Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”), are considered investment grade.

The Company’s AFS debt securities are carried at fair value with noncredit-related unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in Other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. If a credit loss exists, the Company records impairment related to credit losses through allowance for credit losses with a corresponding Provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statement of Income. Pre-tax net unrealized gains on AFS debt securities were ~~$35.5~~$67.5 million as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, which improved from pre-tax net unrealized losses of $3.4 million as of December 31, 2019. This change was primarily due to the decrease in interest rates during the period, partially offset by increased spreads.

Gross unrealized losses on AFS debt securities totaled ~~$48.8~~$25.4 million as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, compared with $23.2 million as of December 31, 2019. Of the securities with gross unrealized losses, substantially all were rated investment grade as of both ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, as classified ~~primarily~~ based upon the lowest of the credit ratings issued by S&P, Moody’s, or Fitch. The Company believes that the gross unrealized losses were due to non-credit related factors and the gross unrealized losses ~~acrossall major security types~~ were primarily attributable to yield curve movement and widened spreads arising from the negative outlook and uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 ~~pandemic, and yield curve movement.~~pandemic. The Company believes that the credit support levels of the AFS debt securities are strong and, based on current assessments and macroeconomic forecasts, expects that full contractual cash flows will be received, even if the credit performance deteriorates ~~from~~under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, and the U.S. government-sponsored debt securities have the implicit guarantee of the U.S. government. Further, the Company’s portfolio of debt securities issued by supranational organizations are AAA-rated and have strong financial profiles. Based on current assessments and economic outcome expectations, the Company believes that the private entity issuers of CLOs, corporate bonds and asset-backed securities continue to have strong credit profiles or have issued securities with strong credit profiles, and that the securities issued by municipalities continue to have strong credit profiles.

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, the Company had no intention to sell securities with unrealized losses and believed it is more-likely-than-not that it would not be required to sell such securities before recovery of their amortized ~~cost.~~costs. The Company assesses individual securities for credit losses for each reporting period. There were no credit losses recognized in earnings for the third quarter and first ~~quarter~~nine months of 2020, and no OTTI credit losses were recognized in earnings for the ~~first quarter~~same periods of 2019. For additional information of the Company’s accounting policies, valuation and composition, see Note 2— Current Accounting Developments and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,Note 3 — Fair Value Measurement and Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Note 5 — Securities to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

The following table presents the weighted-average yields and contractual maturity distribution, excluding periodic principal payments, of the Company’s AFS debt securities as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Actual maturities of ~~mortgage-backed~~certain securities can differ from contractual maturities as the borrowers have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties. In addition, factors such as prepayments and interest rates may affect the yields on the carrying values of ~~mortgage-backed~~these securities.


($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Yield (1)		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Yield (1)
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities:
Maturing in one year or less	$	25,215	$	25,496	1.26	%	$	—	$	—	—	%
Maturing after one year through five years	25,195		25,502		1.27	%	177,215		176,422		1.33	%


Total	50,410		50,998		1.26	%	177,215		176,422		1.33	%
U.S. government agency and U.S. government- sponsored enterprise debt securities:
Maturing in one year or less	573,323		573,278		1.95	%	328,628		326,341		2.62	%
Maturing after one year through five years	95,565		100,290		2.57	%	158,490		156,431		2.69	%
Maturing after five years through ten years	11,099		11,744		2.54	%	44,908		45,189		2.38	%
Maturing after ten years	38,920		41,750		2.73	%	52,249		53,284		2.78	%
Total	718,907		727,062		2.08	%	584,275		581,245		2.63	%
U.S. government agency and U.S. government- sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities:
Maturing in one year or less	—		—		—	%	112		113		2.72	%
Maturing after one year through five years	20,685		21,558		2.56	%	23,144		23,289		2.29	%
Maturing after five years through ten years	213,605		221,082		2.19	%	85,970		88,261		2.72	%
Maturing after ten years	1,909,276		1,962,478		2.29	%	1,489,035		1,495,705		2.66	%
Total	2,143,566		2,205,118		2.28	%	1,598,261		1,607,368		2.66	%
Municipal securities (2):
Maturing in one year or less	29,196		29,372		2.94	%	37,136		37,291		2.67	%
Maturing after one year through five years	16,102		16,425		2.26	%	18,699		18,948		2.52	%
Maturing after five years through ten years	153,047		155,338		2.21	%	12,151		12,451		3.15	%
Maturing after ten years	129,077		132,140		2.76	%	33,635		33,612		2.63	%
Total	327,422		333,275		2.50	%	101,621		102,302		2.69	%
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Maturing in one year or less	7,920		7,907		1.63	%	—		—		—	%
Maturing after one year through five years	6,044		6,045		3.56	%	7,920		7,914		3.78	%
Maturing after five years through ten years	28,701		28,782		2.97	%	—		—		—	%
Maturing after ten years	444,984		449,555		2.48	%	125,519		127,184		3.21	%
Total	487,649		492,289		2.50	%	133,439		135,098		3.24	%
Corporate debt securities:
Maturing in one year or less	76,250		75,964		1.68	%	1,250		1,262		5.20	%
Maturing after one year through five years	131,003		130,940		3.60	%	10,000		9,887		4.00	%
Maturing after five years through ten years	34,000		34,273		4.43	%	—		—		—	%
Maturing after ten years	10,000		10,000		4.13	%	—		—		—	%
Total	251,253		251,177		3.15	%	11,250		11,149		4.13	%
Foreign government bonds:
Maturing in one year or less	45,051		45,018		0.83	%	354,481		354,172		2.22	%
Maturing after one year through five years	89,128		87,653		2.11	%	—		—		—	%
Total	134,179		132,671		1.68	%	354,481		354,172		2.22	%
Asset-backed securities:
Maturing after ten years	64,308		63,148		0.93	%	66,106		64,752		2.65	%

CLOs:
Maturing after ten years	294,000		283,422		1.39	%	294,000		284,706		3.08	%
Total AFS debt securities	$	4,471,694	$	4,539,160	2.23	%	$	3,320,648	$	3,317,214	2.60	%

Total aggregated by maturities:
Maturing in one year or less	$	756,955	$	757,035	1.87	%	$	721,607	$	719,179	2.43	%
Maturing after one year through five years	383,722		388,413		2.73	%	395,468		392,891		2.11	%
Maturing after five years through ten years	440,452		451,219		2.43	%	143,029		145,901		2.65	%
Maturing after ten years	2,890,565		2,942,493		2.23	%	2,060,544		2,059,243		2.76	%
Total AFS debt securities	$	4,471,694	$	4,539,160	2.23	%	$	3,320,648	$	3,317,214	2.60	%

(1)Weighted-average yields are computed based on amortized cost balances.

(2)Yields on tax-exempt securities are not presented on a tax-equivalent basis.

($ in thousands) March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value

Yield ⁽¹⁾
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value

Yield ⁽¹⁾
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities:
Maturing after one year through five years $ 50,606
$ 51,428
1.26 % $ 177,215
$ 176,422
1.33 %
U.S. government agency and U.S. government- sponsored enterprise debt securities:
Maturing in one year or less 288,314
289,634
2.86 % 328,628
326,341
2.62 %
Maturing after one year through five years 161,997
165,790
2.69 % 158,490
156,431
2.69 %
Maturing after five years through ten years 27,469
28,310
2.51 % 44,908
45,189
2.38 %
Maturing after ten years 33,396
34,674
2.87 % 52,249
53,284
2.78 %
Total 511,176
518,408
2.79 % 584,275
581,245
2.63 %
U.S. government agency and U.S. government- sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities:
Maturing in one year or less 67
67
2.65 % 112
113
2.72 %
Maturing after one year through five years 21,784
22,664
2.57 % 23,144
23,289
2.29 %
Maturing after five years through ten years 100,151
104,356
2.70 % 85,970
88,261
2.72 %
Maturing after ten years 1,871,651
1,923,228
2.57 % 1,489,035
1,495,705
2.66 %
Total 1,993,653
2,050,315
2.58 % 1,598,261
1,607,368
2.66 %
Municipal securities ⁽²⁾:

Maturing in one year or less 61,375
61,670
2.74 % 37,136
37,291
2.67 %
Maturing after one year through five years 15,569
15,803
2.50 % 18,699
18,948
2.52 %
Maturing after five years through ten years 112,946
119,391
2.87 % 12,151
12,451
3.15 %
Maturing after ten years 110,661
112,762
3.44 % 33,635
33,612
2.63 %
Total 300,551
309,626
3.04 % 101,621
102,302
2.69 %
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Maturing in one year or less 7,920
7,859
2.82 % —
—
— %
Maturing after one year through five years —
—
— % 7,920
7,914
3.78 %
Maturing after ten years 142,035
141,389
3.13 % 125,519
127,184
3.21 %
Total 149,955
149,248
3.11 % 133,439
135,098
3.24 %
Corporate debt securities:
Maturing in one year or less 1,250
1,250
5.01 % 1,250
1,262
5.20 %
Maturing after one year through five years 10,000
9,713
4.00 % 10,000
9,887
4.00 %
Total 11,250
10,963
4.11 % 11,250
11,149
4.13 %
Foreign bonds:
Maturing in one year or less 229,466
229,981
2.04 % 354,481
354,172
2.22 %
Maturing after one year through five years 54,356
54,540
2.29 % —
—
— %
Total 283,822
284,521
2.08 % 354,481
354,172
2.22 %
Asset-backed securities:
Maturing after ten years 65,400
61,556
2.16 % 66,106
64,752
2.65 %
CLOs:
Maturing after ten years 294,000
259,878
3.07 % 294,000
284,706
3.08 %
Total AFS debt securities $ 3,660,413
$ 3,695,943
2.65 % $ 3,320,648
$ 3,317,214
2.60 %

Total aggregated by maturities:
Maturing in one year or less $ 588,392
$ 590,461
2.53 % $ 721,607
$ 719,179
2.43 %
Maturing after one year through five years 314,312
319,938
2.42 % 395,468
392,891
2.11 %
Maturing after five years through ten years 240,566
252,057
2.76 % 143,029
145,901
2.65 %
Maturing after ten years 2,517,143
2,533,487
2.69 % 2,060,544
2,059,243
2.76 %
Total AFS debt securities $ 3,660,413
$ 3,695,943
2.65 % $ 3,320,648
$ 3,317,214
2.60 %


~~(1)~~	~~Weighted-average yields are computed based on amortized cost balances.~~


~~(2)~~	~~Yields on tax-exempt securities are not presented on a tax-equivalent basis.~~

Loan Portfolio

The Company offers a broad range of financial products designed to meet the credit needs of its borrowers. The Company’s loan portfolio segments include commercial loans, which consist of C&I, CRE, multifamily residential, and construction and land loans; and consumer loans, which consist of single-family residential, home equity lines of credit (“HELOCs”) and other consumer loans. Total net loans, including loans held-for-sale, were ~~$35.34~~$36.82 billion as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, an increase of ~~$917.3 million~~$2.40 billion or 3%7% from $34.42 billion as of December 31, 2019. This was primarily driven by increases of ~~$439.8 million~~$1.15 billion or 4%9% in C&I loans, ~~$403.8~~driven by PPP loan growth, $759.5 million or 4%7% in CRE loans and ~~$296.3~~$680.9 million or 4%10% in single-family residential loans. The composition of the loan portfolio as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 was similar to the composition as of December 31, 2019.

The following table presents the composition of the Company’s total loan portfolio by loan type as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Amount (1)		%		Amount (1)		%
Commercial:
C&I (2)	$	13,305,024	36	%	$	12,150,931	35	%
CRE:
CRE	11,037,987		29	%	10,278,448		30	%
Multifamily residential	3,057,274		8	%	2,856,374		8	%
Construction and land	578,407		2	%	628,499		2	%
Total CRE	14,673,668		39	%	13,763,321		40	%
Total commercial	27,978,692		75	%	25,914,252		75	%
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential	7,785,759		21	%	7,108,590		20	%
HELOCs	1,514,388		4	%	1,472,783		4	%
Total residential mortgage	9,300,147		25	%	8,581,373		24	%
Other consumer	158,290		0	%	282,914		1	%
Total consumer	9,458,437		25	%	8,864,287		25	%
Total loans held-for-investment	37,437,129		100	%	34,778,539		100	%
Allowance for loan losses	(618,252)				(358,287)
Loans held-for-sale (3)	4,148				434
Total loans, net	$	36,823,025			$	34,420,686

(1)On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13. Total loans include net deferred loan fees, unearned fees, unamortized premiums and unaccreted discounts of $(67.0) million and $(43.2) million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Net origination fees related to PPP loans were $(22.6) million as of September 30, 2020.

(2)Includes $1.77 billion of PPP loans as of September 30, 2020.

(3)Consists of single-family residential loans as of both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Actions to Support Customers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company assisted customers faced with financial difficulties by offering SBA PPP loans, as well as providing payment relief through various loan modification programs. For a summary of the loans that the Company has modified in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, refer to Item 2. MD&A — Risk Management — Credit Risk Management in this Form 10-Q.

From April to August 2020, the Company accepted PPP applications and originated loans to qualified small businesses under the PPP established by the CARES Act. These loans are included in the C&I portfolio, carrying an interest rate of 1%, and are 100% guaranteed by the SBA. The substantial majority of the Company’s PPP loans have a term of two years. As of September 30, 2020, the Company funded over 7,400 SBA 7(a) PPP loans with an outstanding loan balance of $1.77 billion. For more information on PPP loans, refer to Note 2 — Current Accounting Developments and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Paycheck Protection Program to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

($ in thousands) March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019

Amount ⁽¹⁾
%
Amount ⁽¹⁾
%
Commercial:
C&I $ 12,590,764
35 % $ 12,150,931
35 %
CRE:

CRE 10,682,242
30 % 10,278,448
30 %
Multifamily residential 2,902,601
8 % 2,856,374
8 %
Construction and land 606,209
2 % 628,499
2 %
Total CRE 14,191,052
40 % 13,763,321
40 %
Total commercial 26,781,816
75 % 25,914,252
75 %
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential 7,403,723
20 % 7,108,590
20 %
HELOCs 1,452,862
4 % 1,472,783
4 %
Total residential mortgage 8,856,585
24 % 8,581,373
24 %
Other consumer 254,992
1 % 282,914
1 %
Total consumer —
9,111,577
25 % 8,864,287
25 %
Total loans held-for-investment $ 35,893,393
100 % $ 34,778,539
100 %
Allowance for loan losses (557,003 ) (358,287 )
Loans held-for-sale ⁽²⁾
1,594
434

Total loans, net $ 35,337,984
$ 34,420,686


~~(1)~~	On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13. Total loans include net deferred loan fees, unearned fees, unamortized premiums and unaccreted discounts of $(50.3) million and $(43.2) million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.


~~(2)~~	~~Consists of single-family residential loans as of both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.~~

Commercial

The commercial loan portfolio ~~which~~ comprised 75% of total loans as of both ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, ~~2019, is discussed as follows.~~2019. Given the widespread impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the U.S. and the global economy, the Company has been actively evaluating and monitoring its commercial lending portfolio for elevated levels of credit risk, and reviewing credit exposures for sensitivity to prospective weakening of economic conditions.

Commercial — Commercial and Industrial ~~Loans.~~Loans C&I loans totaled ~~$12.59~~$13.31 billion and $12.15 billion, which accounted for 36% and 35% of total loans held-for-investment, as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, ~~respectively, and accounted for 35% of total loans as of both dates.~~respectively. The ~~majority of the~~$1.16 billion or 9% year-to-date increase in C&I loans ~~have variable interest rates.~~was driven by PPP loan funding during the second and third quarters of 2020. The C&I loan portfolio includes loans and financing for businesses in a wide spectrum of industries, and includes asset-based lending, equipment financing and leasing, project-based finance, revolving lines of credit, SBA lending, structured finance, term loans and trade finance. The Company also ~~had~~has a portfolio of broadly syndicated C&I loans, ~~comprised~~ primarily of Term B loans, which totaled ~~$962.1~~$948.0 million and $894.6 million as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The majority of the C&I loans are variable interest rate loans as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

The C&I portfolio is well-diversified by industry. The Company monitors the concentrations within the C&I loan portfolio by customer exposure and industry classification, setting diversification targets and limits for specialized underwriting portfolios. ~~The Company’s exposure~~Exposures to various industries within our C&I ~~borrowers that~~portfolio are ~~potentially more impacted by the economic disruption stemming from COVID-19 pandemic include those~~shown in the travel and leisure, hospitality, restaurant and restaurant supply industries. These exposures are included in the Other C&I category in the graphs below. Combined, these industries represented 4% of total C&I loansfollowing charts as of ~~both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. There were no industry concentrations exceeding 10% of total loans as of both March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Oil & gas loans comprised 9% of C&I loans and 3% of total loans held-for-investment as of September 30, 2020. There were $1.18 billion in oil & gas loans outstanding and $320.1 million in unfunded commitments as of September 30, 2020. Based on total commitment as of September 30, 2020, the oil & gas portfolio mix was: 60% exploration and production (“E&P”) companies, 33% midstream and downstream companies, and 7% oilfield services and other companies. Oil & gas loans comprised 11% of C&I loans and 4% of total loans held-for-investment as of ~~both March 31, 2020 and~~ December 31, 2019. ~~As of March 31, 2020,~~There were $1.33 billion in oil & gas ~~total~~ loans outstanding ~~were $1.37 billion~~ and ~~total exposure, including~~$477.6 million in unfunded commitments ~~amounted to $1.77 billion.~~as of December 31, 2019. Based on total ~~exposure, 64%~~commitment as ofDecember 31, 2019, the oil & gas portfolio ~~was reserve-based lending to upstream (exploration and production)~~mix was: 64% E&P companies, ~~27% was to~~29% midstream and downstream companies, and ~~9% was to companies in~~7% oilfield services and ~~other.~~ other companies. The COVID-19 pandemic, global commodity demand, and oil & gas lending portfolio is geographically diversified. The production mix of upstream borrowers was approximately 61% oil, 29% gas and 10% natural gas liquids in 2019. The majority of the upstream borrowers had commodity hedges in place for 2020 to hedge against the fluctuation in oil and gas prices. The COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the highprice volatility ~~and downward pressure on oil and gas prices, has~~have unfavorably impacted the credit risk of the oil & gas industry sector. Accordingly, the Company increased its allowance for loan loss coverage ~~against~~for the oil & gas portfolio to 8%10% as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, up from 5% as of December 31, 2019.

Commercial — ~~Total~~ Commercial Real Estate ~~Portfolio.~~Loans The total CRE loan portfolio ~~which~~ consists of income-producing CRE, multifamily residential, and construction and land loans. Total CRE loans ~~totaled $14.19~~outstanding were $14.67 billion and $13.76 billion, and accounted for 39% and 40% of total loans held-for-investment as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, ~~respectively, accounting for 40% of total loans as of both dates.~~respectively.

As of March 31, 2020, the average loan size of total CRE loans was $2.3 million and the weighted-average loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio was 51%. As of December 31, 2019, the average loan size of total CRE loans was $2.1 million and the weighted-average LTV ratio was 50%. The consistency of the Company’s low LTV underwriting standards have resulted in historically lower levels of credit losses in the income-producing CRE and multifamily residential loans.

The Company’s total CRE portfolio is broadly diversified by property type, which serves to mitigate some of ~~the~~its geographical concentration in California. The following table summarizes the Company’s total CRE loan portfolio by property type as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:



($ in thousands)	March 31, 2020				December 31, 2019				($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Amount		%		Amount		%			Amount		%		Amount		%
Property types:									Property types:
Retail	$	3,398,714	24	%	$	3,300,106	24	%	Retail	$	3,422,506	23	%	$	3,300,106	24	%
Multifamily	2,902,601		20	%	2,856,374		21	%	Multifamily	3,057,274		21	%	2,856,374		21	%
Offices	2,496,013		18	%	2,375,087		17	%	Offices	2,636,977		18	%	2,375,087		17	%
Industrial	2,240,375		16	%	2,163,769		16	%	Industrial	2,389,761		16	%	2,163,769		16	%
Hospitality	1,970,060		14	%	1,865,031		14	%	Hospitality	1,966,109		14	%	1,865,031		14	%
Construction and land	606,209		4	%	628,499		4	%	Construction and land	578,407		4	%	628,499		4	%
Other	577,080		4	%	574,455		4	%	Other	622,634		4	%	574,455		4	%
Total CRE loans	$	14,191,052	100	%	$	13,763,321	100	%	Total CRE loans	$	14,673,668	100	%	$	13,763,321	100	%

Approximately 89% of the total CRE loans had a loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio of 65% or lower as of September 30, 2020, compared with 85% as of December 31, 2019. The ~~weighted average~~weighted-average LTV ratios of total CRE were 51% and 50% as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The low LTV ratio was consistent across the various CRE property types. The consistency of ~~retail~~the Company’s low LTV underwriting standards has historically resulted in lower credit losses for income-producing CRE ~~loan was 49% as of March 31, 2020,~~ and ~~the~~multifamily residential loans. The average loan size of total CRE was ~~$2.1 million. A high percentage of the retail CRE loans have personal guarantees from individuals with substantial net worth. Restaurants are a subset of retail CRE portfolio,~~$2.4 million and ~~totaled $206.8 million or 6% of retail CRE as of March 31, 2020. The weighted average LTV ratio of restaurant loans was 53% and the average loan size was less than $1.0~~$2.1 million as of ~~March 31, 2020. The weighted average LTV ratio of hospitality CRE loans was 49% as of March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and ~~the average loan size was $8.3 million.~~December 31, 2019, respectively.

The following tables provide a summary of the Company’s CRE, multifamily residential, and construction and land loans by geography as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, ~~2019:~~2019. The distribution of the CRE loan portfolio reflects the Company’s geographical footprint, which is concentrated in California:



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020
	CRE		%		Multifamily Residential		%		Construction and Land		%		Total CRE		%
Geographic markets:
Southern California	$	5,867,994			$	1,902,956			$	244,753			$	8,015,703
Northern California	2,506,972				675,986				187,817				3,370,775
California	8,374,966		76	%	2,578,942		84	%	432,570		75	%	11,386,478		78	%
New York	701,637		6	%	128,782		4	%	90,583		16	%	921,002		6	%
Texas	757,725		7	%	114,496		4	%	2,587		0	%	874,808		6	%
Washington	331,092		3	%	86,944		3	%	17,284		3	%	435,320		3	%
Arizona	148,198		1	%	12,353		0	%	—		—	%	160,551		1	%
Nevada	90,520		1	%	86,866		3	%	16,267		3	%	193,653		1	%
Other markets	633,849		6	%	48,891		2	%	19,116		3	%	701,856		5	%
Total loans	$	11,037,987	100	%	$	3,057,274	100	%	$	578,407	100	%	$	14,673,668	100	%

($ in thousands) March 31, 2020
CRE % Multifamily
Residential % Construction
and Land % Total CRE %
Geographic markets:
Southern California $ 5,676,895
$ 1,755,651
$ 269,590
$ 7,702,136

Northern California 2,476,697
629,468
179,652
3,285,817

California 8,153,592
76 % 2,385,119
82 % 449,242
74 % 10,987,953
77 %
New York 689,547
6 % 123,989
4 % 84,042
14 % 897,578
6 %
Texas 662,119
6 % 129,458
5 % 8,525
1 % 800,102
6 %
Washington 308,878
3 % 65,521
2 % 31,332
5 % 405,731
3 %
Arizona 162,359
2 % 11,946
0 % —
— % 174,305
1 %
Nevada 103,696
1 % 138,766
5 % 39
0 % 242,501
2 %
Other markets 602,051
6 % 47,802
2 % 33,029
6 % 682,882
5 %
Total loans $ 10,682,242
100 % $ 2,902,601
100 % $ 606,209
100 % $ 14,191,052
100 %



($ in thousands)	December 31, 2019
	CRE		%		Multifamily Residential		%		Construction and Land		%		Total CRE		%
Geographic markets:
Southern California	$	5,446,786			$	1,728,086			$	247,170			$	7,422,042
Northern California	2,359,808				603,135				203,706				3,166,649
California	7,806,594		76	%	2,331,221		82	%	450,876		72	%	10,588,691		77	%
New York	701,902		7	%	116,923		4	%	79,962		13	%	898,787		7	%
Texas	628,576		6	%	124,646		4	%	8,604		1	%	761,826		6	%
Washington	306,247		3	%	55,913		2	%	37,552		6	%	399,712		3	%
Arizona	149,151		1	%	37,208		1	%	6,951		1	%	193,310		1	%
Nevada	102,891		1	%	138,577		5	%	40		0	%	241,508		2	%
Other markets	583,087		6	%	51,886		2	%	44,514		7	%	679,487		4	%
Total loans (1)	$	10,278,448	100	%	$	2,856,374	100	%	$	628,499	100	%	$	13,763,321	100	%

(1)Loans net of ASC 310-30 discount.

~~Changes~~

Since the majority of these loans are concentrated in California, changes in California’s economy and real estate values could have a significant impact on the collectability of these loans and the required level of allowance for loan losses. ~~A high percentage of the Company’s commercial real estate borrowers have provided substantial equity into their CRE loans and/or provided the Company with personal guarantees.~~

Commercial — Income-Producing Commercial Real Estate ~~Loans.~~Loans ~~Income-producing CRE loans totaled $10.68 billion and $10.28 billion as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and accounted for 30% of total loans as of both dates.~~ The Company focuses on providing financing to experienced real estate investors and developers who have moderate levels of leverage, many of whom are long-time customers of the Bank. Income-producing CRE loans totaled $11.04 billion and $10.28 billion, which accounted for 29% and 30% of total loans held-for-investment as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. As of both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 76% of the income-producing CRE loan portfolio was concentrated in California. Interest rates on CRE loans may be fixed, variable or hybrid. Loans are underwritten with conservative standards for cash flows, debt service coverage and LTV.

~~As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 19% and~~Owner-occupied properties comprised 20%~~, respectively,~~ of the income-producing CRE loans ~~were owner occupied properties; the~~as of both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The remainder were ~~non-owner occupied~~non-owner-occupied properties, where 50% or more of the debt service for the loan is ~~primarily~~typically provided by unaffiliated rental income from a third party. ~~Interest rates on CRE loans may be fixed, variable or hybrid.~~The distribution of the CRE loan portfolio reflects the Company’s geographical footprint, with a primary concentration in California accounting for 76% of the CRE loan portfolio as of both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019

Commercial —— Multifamily Residential ~~Loans.~~Loans ~~Multifamily residential loans totaled $2.90 billion and $2.86 billion as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and accounted for 8% of total loans as of both dates.~~ The multifamily residential loan portfolio is largely comprised of loans secured by residential properties with five or more units. ~~As of both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 82% of the Company’s multifamily residential loans were concentrated in California.~~ The Company offers a variety of first lien mortgages, including fixed- and variable-rate loans, as well as hybrid loans with interest rates that adjust annually after an initial fixed rate period of three to seven years. Multifamily residential loans totaled $3.06 billion and $2.86 billion as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and accounted for 8% of total loans held-for-investment as of both dates. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 84% and 82% of the Company’s multifamily residential loans, respectively, were concentrated in California.

Commercial —~~Commercial~~ — Construction and Land ~~Loans.~~Loans Construction and land loans provide financing for the major CRE property types. These loans totaled ~~$606.2~~$578.4 million and $628.5 million as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and accounted for 2% of total loans held-for-investment as of both dates. Included in the portfolio were construction loans of ~~$544.1~~$534.3 million ~~with~~and $558.2 million, which had additional unfunded commitments of ~~$326.4~~$327.7 million ~~as of March 31, 2020,~~ and ~~construction loans of $558.2 million with additional unfunded commitments of~~ $351.4 million, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The construction loans provide financing for multifamily residential, hotels, offices, industrial and retail structures. Based on total commitment, the construction and land loans had a weighted average LTV of 54% as of March 31, 2020.2019, respectively. Similar to income-producing CRE and multifamily residential loans, the Company has a geographic concentration of construction and land loans in California.

Consumer

The following tables summarize the Company’s single-family residential and HELOCs loan portfolios by geography as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020
	Single- Family Residential		%		HELOCs		%		Total Residential Mortgage		%
Geographic markets:
Southern California	$	3,297,000			$	701,583			$	3,998,583
Northern California	1,068,706				332,556				1,401,262
California	4,365,706		56	%	1,034,139		68	%	5,399,845		58	%
New York	2,068,081		27	%	235,928		16	%	2,304,009		25	%
Washington	614,708		8	%	163,211		11	%	777,919		8	%
Massachusetts	247,967		3	%	35,996		2	%	283,963		3	%
Texas	196,425		2	%	—		—	%	196,425		2	%

Other markets	292,872		4	%	45,114		3	%	337,986		4	%
Total	$	7,785,759	100	%	$	1,514,388	100	%	$	9,300,147	100	%
Lien priority:
First mortgage	$	7,785,759	100	%	$	1,282,056	85	%	$	9,067,815	98	%
Junior lien mortgage	—		—	%	232,332		15	%	232,332		2	%
Total	$	7,785,759	100	%	$	1,514,388	100	%	$	9,300,147	100	%



($ in thousands)	December 31, 2019
	Single- Family Residential		%		HELOCs		%		Total Residential Mortgage		%
Geographic markets:
Southern California	$	3,081,368			$	702,915			$	3,784,283
Northern California	1,038,945				309,883				1,348,828
California	4,120,313		58	%	1,012,798		69	%	5,133,111		60	%
New York	1,657,732		23	%	257,344		17	%	1,915,076		22	%
Washington	630,307		9	%	133,625		9	%	763,932		9	%
Massachusetts	235,393		3	%	31,310		2	%	266,703		3	%
Texas	188,838		3	%	—		—	%	188,838		2	%

Other markets	276,007		4	%	37,706		3	%	313,713		4	%
Total (1)	$	7,108,590	100	%	$	1,472,783	100	%	$	8,581,373	100	%
Lien priority:
First mortgage	$	7,108,588	100	%	$	1,238,186	84	%	$	8,346,774	97	%
Junior lien mortgage	2		0	%	234,597		16	%	234,599		3	%
Total (1)	$	7,108,590	100	%	$	1,472,783	100	%	$	8,581,373	100	%

(1)Loans net of ASC 310-30 discount.

($ in thousands) March 31, 2020

Single-
Family
Residential
% HELOCs % Total Residential Mortgage %
Geographic markets:
Southern California $ 3,168,482
$ 699,131
$ 3,867,613

Northern California 1,058,009
312,227
1,370,236

California 4,226,491
57 % 1,011,358
69 % 5,237,849
59 %
New York 1,838,248
25 % 240,583
17 % 2,078,831
23 %
Washington 623,223
8 % 132,146
9 % 755,369
9 %
Massachusetts 237,897
3 % 30,848
2 % 268,745
3 %
Texas 189,498
3 % —
— % 189,498
2 %
Other markets 288,366
4 % 37,927
3 % 326,293
4 %
Total $ 7,403,723
100 % $ 1,452,862
100 % $ 8,856,585
100 %
Lien priority:
First mortgage $ 7,403,722
100 % $ 1,216,294
84 % $ 8,620,016
97 %
Junior lien mortgage 1
0 % 236,568
16 % 236,569
3 %
Total $ 7,403,723
100 % $ 1,452,862
100 % $ 8,856,585
100 %

($ in thousands) December 31, 2019
Single-
Family
Residential % HELOCs % Total Residential Mortgage %
Geographic markets:
Southern California $ 3,081,368
$ 702,915
$ 3,784,283

Northern California 1,038,945
309,883
1,348,828

California 4,120,313
58 % 1,012,798
69 % 5,133,111
60 %
New York 1,657,732
23 % 257,344
17 % 1,915,076
22 %
Washington 630,307
9 % 133,625
9 % 763,932
9 %
Massachusetts 235,393
3 % 31,310
2 % 266,703
3 %
Texas 188,838
3 % —
— % 188,838
2 %
Other markets 276,007
4 % 37,706
3 % 313,713
4 %
Total ⁽¹⁾
$ 7,108,590
100 % $ 1,472,783
100 % $ 8,581,373
100 %
Lien priority:
First mortgage $ 7,108,588
100 % $ 1,238,186
84 % $ 8,346,774
97 %
Junior lien mortgage 2
0 % 234,597
16 % 234,599
3 %
Total ⁽¹⁾
$ 7,108,590
100 % $ 1,472,783
100 % $ 8,581,373
100 %


~~(1)~~	~~Loans net of ASC 310-30 discount.~~

Consumer — Single-Family Residential ~~Loans.~~Loans The Company offers a variety of single-family residential first lien mortgage loan programs, including fixed- and variable-rate loans, as well as hybrid loans with interest rates that adjust annually after an initial fixed rate period. Single-family residential loans totaled ~~$7.40~~$7.79 billion and $7.11 billion, which accounted for 21% and 20% of total loans held-for-investment as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, ~~respectively, and accounted for 20% of total loans as of both dates.~~respectively. The Company was in a first lien position for virtually all single-family residential loans as of both ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Many of these loans are reduced documentation loans, ~~where~~for which a substantial down payment is required, resulting in a low LTV ratio at origination, typically 65% or less. These loans have historically experienced low delinquency and loss rates. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 56% and 58% of the Company’s single-family residential loans, respectively, were concentrated in California.

Consumer — Home Equity Lines of Credit HELOCs totaled $1.51 billion and $1.47 billion as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and accounted for 4% of total loans held-for-investment as of both dates. The Company was in a first lien position for 85% and 84% of total HELOCs as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Many of the loans within this portfolio are reduced documentation loans, for which a substantial down payment is required, resulting in a low LTV ratio at origination, typically 60% or less. These loans have historically experienced low delinquency and loss rates. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, ~~57%~~68% and 58% of the Company’s single-family residential loans, respectively, were concentrated in California. The Company offers a variety of first lien mortgage loan programs, including fixed- and variable-rate loans, as well as hybrid loans with interest rates that adjust annually after an initial fixed rate period.

~~Consumer — Home Equity Lines of Credit.~~ HELOCs totaled $1.45 billion and $1.47 billion as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and accounted for 4% of total loans as of both dates. The Company was in a first lien position for 84% of total HELOCs as of both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Many of the loans within this portfolio are reduced documentation loans, where a substantial down payment is required, resulting in a low LTV ratio at origination, typically 60% or less. These loans have historically experienced low delinquency and loss rates. As of both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 69% of the Company’s HELOCs, respectively, were concentrated in ~~California. The HELOC portfolio is comprised largely of~~California, and virtually all were variable-rate loans.

All originated commercial and consumer loans ~~originated~~ are subject to the Company’s underwriting guidelines and loan origination standards. Management believes that the Company’s underwriting criteria and procedures adequately consider the unique risks associated with these products. The Company conducts a variety of quality control procedures and periodic audits, including the review of lending and legal requirements, to ensure that the Company is ~~in compliance~~compliant with these requirements.

Purchased ~~Credit-Deteriorated~~Credit Deteriorated Loans

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 using the prospective transition approach for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration ~~(“PCD”) loans~~ that were previously classified as purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) and accounted for under ASC 310-30. On January 1, 2020, the amortized cost basis of the ~~PCD~~purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans was adjusted to reflect ~~the~~a $1.2 million addition of allowance for loan losses. The Company did not acquire any PCD loans during the first ~~quarter~~nine months of 2020. For additional details regarding PCD loans, see Note 2 — Current Accounting Developments and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 7 — Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the carrying value of PCI loans totaled $222.9 million as of December 31, 2019.

Loans Held-for-Sale

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, loans held-for-sale totaled ~~$1.6~~$4.1 million and $434 thousand, respectively, and consisted of single-family residential loans. At the time of commitment to originate or purchase a loan, a loan is determined to be held-for-investment if it is the Company’s intent to hold the loan to maturity or for the “foreseeable future,” subject to periodic reviews under the Company’s evaluation processes, including liquidity and credit risk management. If the Company subsequently changes its intent to hold certain loans, those loans are transferred from held-for-investment to held-for-sale at the lower of cost or fair value.

~~Loan Purchases, Transfers~~Sales of Originated Loans and ~~Sales~~Purchased Loans

All loans originated by the Company are underwritten pursuant to the Company’s policies and procedures. Although the Company’s primary focus is on directly originated loans, in certain circumstances, the Company also purchases loans and participates in loans with other banks. The Company also participates out interests in commercial loans to other financial institutions and sells loans in the normal course of business.

The following tables provide information on loan ~~purchases, transfers and~~ sales during the third quarter and first ~~quarters~~nine months of 2020 and ~~2019:~~

($ in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Commercial Consumer Total
C&I CRE Residential Mortgage
CRE
Multifamily
Residential
Single-Family
Residential
Loans purchased $ 130,583
$ —
$ 1,513
$ 1,084
$ 133,180
Loans transferred from held-for-investment to held-for-sale $ 102,973
$ 7,250
$ —
$ —
$ 110,223
Loans sold:
Originated loans:
Amount $ 102,973
$ 7,250
$ —
$ 4,642
$ 114,865
Net gains $ 235
$ 665
$ —
$ 50
$ 950

($ in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Commercial Consumer Total
C&I CRE Residential Mortgage
CRE
Multifamily
Residential
Single-Family
Residential
Loans purchased $ 107,194
$ —
$ 4,218
$ 36,402
$ 147,814
Loans transferred from held-for-investment to held-for-sale $ 75,573
$ 16,655
$ —
$ —
$ 92,228
Write-downs to allowance for loan losses $ (73 ) $ —
$ —
$ —
$ (73 )
Loans sold:
Originated loans:
Amount $ 57,409
$ 16,655
$ —
$ 2,442
$ 76,506
Net gains $ 131
$ 753
$ —
$ 31
$ 915
Purchased loans:
Amount $ 18,237
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ 18,237


~~(1)~~	~~Net gains on sales of purchased loans in the first quarter of 2019 were insignificant.~~

~~Deposits and Other Sources of Funds~~

Deposits are the Company’s primary source of funding, the cost of which has a significant impact on the Company’s net interest income and net interest margin. Additional funding is provided by short and long-term borrowings, and long-term debt. See ~~Item 2— MD&A — Risk Management — Liquidity Risk Management~~ ~~in this Form 10-Q for a discussion of the Company’s liquidity management. The following table summarizes the Company’s sources of funds as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:~~

($ in thousands) March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Change
Amount % Amount % $ %
Deposits
Noninterest-bearing demand $ 11,833,397
30 % $ 11,080,036
30 % $ 753,361
7 %
Interest-bearing checking 5,467,508
14 % 5,200,755
14 % 266,753
5 %
Money market 9,302,246
24 % 8,711,964
23 % 590,282
7 %
Savings 2,117,274
6 % 2,117,196
6 % 78
0 %
Time deposits 9,966,533
26 % 10,214,308
27 % (247,775 ) (2 )%
Total deposits $ 38,686,958
100 % $ 37,324,259
100 % $ 1,362,699
4 %
Other Funds
Short-term borrowings $ 66,924
$ 28,669
$ 38,255
133 %
FHLB advances 646,336
745,915
(99,579 ) (13 )%
Repurchase agreements 450,000
200,000
250,000
125 %
Long-term debt 147,169
147,101
68
0 %
Total other funds $ 1,310,429
$ 1,121,685
$ 188,744
17 %
Total sources of funds $ 39,997,387
$ 38,445,944
$ 1,551,443
4 %

~~Deposits~~

~~The Company offers a wide variety of deposit products~~2019. Refer to both consumer and commercial customers. The Company’s deposit strategy is to grow and retain relationship-based deposits, which provides a stable and low-cost source of funding and liquidity to the Company.

Total deposits were $38.69 billion as of March 31, 2020, an increase of $1.36 billion or 4% from $37.32 billion as of December 31, 2019.This growth was primarily due to a $753.4 million or 7% increase in noninterest-bearing demand and a $590.3 million or 7% increase in money market, partially offset by a $247.8 million or 2% decrease in time deposits. Noninterest-bearing demand deposits comprised 30% of total deposits as of both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Additional information regarding the impact of deposits on net interest income and a comparison of average deposit balances and rates are provided in ~~Item 2. MD&A — Results of Operations — Net Interest Income~~ ~~in this Form 10-Q.~~

~~Other Funds~~

~~The Company’s other sources of funding consist of short-term borrowings, FHLB advances, repurchase agreements and long-term debt.~~

The Company had $66.9 million of short-term borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2020, compared with $28.7 million as of December 31, 2019. This funding was entered into by the Company’s subsidiary, East West Bank (China) Limited, and will mature in 2020 and the first quarter of 2021. As of March 31, 2020, short-term borrowings had fixed interest rates ranging from 3.65% to 3.73%.

FHLB advances were $646.3 million as of March 31, 2020, a decrease of $99.6 million or 13% from $745.9 million as of December 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2020, FHLB advances had fixed and floating interest rates ranging from 1.18% to 2.34% with remaining maturities between 1.1 years and 2.6 years.

~~Gross repurchase agreements totaled $450.0 million as of both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Resale and repurchase agreements are reported net, pursuant to ASC 210-20-45-11,~~ ~~Balance Sheet Offsetting: Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Agreements~~. As of March 31, 2020, the Company did not have gross resale agreements that were eligible for netting pursuant to ASC 210-20-45-11. In comparison, net repurchase agreements totaled $200.0 million as of December 31, 2019, after netting $250.0 million of gross repurchase agreements against gross resale agreements. As of March 31, 2020, gross repurchase agreements had interest rates ranging from 3.23% to 4.06%, original terms between 4.0 years and 9.0 years and remaining maturities between 2.6 years and 3.4 years.

Repurchase agreements are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions and recorded as liabilities based on the values at which the securities are sold. As of March 31, 2020, the collateral for the repurchase agreements was comprised of U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities. To ensure the market value of the underlying collateral remains sufficient, the Company monitors the fair value of collateral pledged relative to the principal amounts borrowed under repurchase agreements. The Company manages liquidity risks related to the repurchase agreements by sourcing funds from a diverse group of counterparties and entering into repurchase agreements with longer durations, when appropriate. For additional details, see Note 47 — ~~Securities Purchased under Resale Agreements~~Loans Receivable and ~~Sold under Repurchase Agreements~~Allowance for Credit Losses to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form ~~10-Q.~~10-Q for additional information on loan purchases and transfers.



($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Commercial				Consumer				Total
	C&I		CRE		Residential Mortgage
			CRE		Construction and Land		Single-Family Residential



Loans sold:
Originated loans:
Amount	$	80,457	$	—	$	—	$	31,847		$	112,304
Net gains	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	361		$	361

Purchased loans:
Amount	$	11,780	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	11,780

The Company uses long-term debt to provide funding to acquire interest-earning assets, as well as to enhance liquidity and regulatory capital. Long-term debt totaled $147.2 million and $147.1 million as



($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Commercial				Consumer		Total
	C&I		CRE		Residential Mortgage
			CRE		Construction and Land				Single-Family Residential



Loans sold:
Originated loans:
Amount	$	30,070	$	14,969	$	—	$	2,708		$	47,747
Net gains	$	405	$	1,606	$	—	$	26		$	2,037

Purchased loans:
Amount	$	7,916	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	7,916



($ in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Commercial				Consumer		Total
	C&I		CRE		Residential Mortgage
			CRE		Construction and Land				Single-Family Residential



Loans sold:
Originated loans:
Amount	$	237,115	$	7,250	$	—	$	50,197		$	294,562
Net gains	$	235	$	665	$	—	$	543		$	1,443

Purchased loans:
Amount	$	11,780	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	11,780



($ in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Commercial				Consumer		Total
	C&I		CRE		Residential Mortgage
			CRE		Construction and Land				Single-Family Residential



Loans sold:
Originated loans:
Amount	$	140,451	$	31,624	$	1,573	$	6,322		$	179,970
Net gains	$	536	$	2,359	$	—	$	72		$	2,967

Purchased loans (1):
Amount	$	49,212	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	49,212

(1)Net gains on sales of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Long-term debt is comprised of junior subordinated debt, which qualifies as Tier 2 capital for regulatory purposes. The junior subordinated debt was issued in connection with the Company’s various pooled trust preferred securities offerings and includes the value of the common stock issued by six wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company in conjunction with these offerings. The junior subordinated debt had a weighted-average interest rate of 3.13% and 4.30%purchased loans for the first ~~quarters~~nine months of ~~2020 and~~ 2019 ~~respectively, with remaining maturities ranging between 14.7 years and 17.5 years as of March 31, 2020.~~were insignificant.

Foreign Outstandings

The Company’s overseas offices, which include the branch in Hong Kong and the subsidiary bank in China, are subject to the general risks inherent in conducting business in foreign countries, such as regulations, or economic and political uncertainties. In addition, the Company’s financial assets held in the Hong Kong branch and the subsidiary bank in China may be affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates or other factors. The Company’s country risk exposure is largely concentrated in China and Hong Kong. The following table presents the major financial assets held in the Company’s overseas offices as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:



($ in thousands)	March 31, 2020				December 31, 2019				($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Amount		% of Total Consolidated Assets		Amount		% of Total Consolidated Assets			Amount		% of Total Consolidated Assets		Amount		% of Total Consolidated Assets
Hong Kong branch:									Hong Kong branch:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	294,054	1	%	$	511,639	1	%	Cash and cash equivalents	$	362,412	1	%	$	511,639	1	%

AFS debt securities ⁽¹⁾	$	204,942	0	%	$	204,948	0	%	AFS debt securities (1)	$	210,317	0	%	$	204,948	0	%
Loans held-for-investment ⁽²⁾	$	542,697	1	%	$	573,305	1	%	Loans held-for-investment (2)	$	608,007	1	%	$	573,305	1	%
Total assets	$	1,132,054	2	%	$	1,361,652	3	%	Total assets	$	1,190,251	2	%	$	1,361,652	3	%
Subsidiary bank in China:									Subsidiary bank in China:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	544,860	1	%	$	548,930	1	%	Cash and cash equivalents	$	512,638	1	%	$	548,930	1	%
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	$	219,517	0	%	$	142,587	0	%	Interest-bearing deposits with banks	$	189,216	0	%	$	142,587	0	%

Loans held-for-investment ⁽²⁾	$	745,553	2	%	$	819,110	2	%	Loans held-for-investment (2)	$	732,677	1	%	$	819,110	2	%
Total assets	$	1,562,179	3	%	$	1,520,627	3	%	Total assets	$	1,534,094	3	%	$	1,520,627	3	%

(1)Comprised of U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities, U.S. Treasury securities, and foreign government bonds as of ~~March 31, 2020 and~~September 30, 2020; comprised of foreign government bonds and U.S. Treasury securities as of December 31, 2019.

(2)Primarily comprised of C&I loans as of both ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

The following table presents the total revenue generated by the Company’s overseas offices for the third quarter and first ~~quarters~~nine months of 2020 and 2019:



($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020				2019				2020				2019
	Amount		% of Total Consolidated Revenue		Amount		% of Total Consolidated Revenue		Amount		% of Total Consolidated Revenue		Amount		% of Total Consolidated Revenue
Hong Kong branch:
Total revenue	$	4,967	1	%	$	8,161	2	%	$	19,157	2	%	$	25,909	2	%
Subsidiary bank in China:
Total revenue	$	3,859	1	%	$	9,393	2	%	$	16,644	1	%	$	25,584	2	%

($ in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019
Amount
% of Total
Consolidated
Revenue
Amount
% of Total
Consolidated
Revenue
Hong Kong branch:
Total revenue $ 6,929
2 % $ 8,897
2 %
Subsidiary bank in China:
Total revenue $ 7,179
2 % $ 7,084
2 %

Capital

The Company maintains a strong capital base to support its anticipated asset growth, operating needs and credit risks, and to ensure that the Company and the Bank are ~~in compliance~~compliant with all regulatory capital guidelines. The Company engages in regular capital planning processes on at least an annual basis to optimize the use of available capital and to appropriately plan for future capital needs, allocating capital to existing and future business activities. Furthermore, the Company conducts capital stress tests as part of its capital planning process. The stress tests enable the Company to assess the impact of adverse changes in the economy and interest rates on its capital base.

In March 2020, the ~~Company~~Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $500.0 million of the Company’s common stock. This $500.0 million repurchase authorization iswas inclusive of the Company’s $100.0 million stock repurchase authorization previously outstanding. The Company determines the timing and amount of stock repurchases, based on its assessment of various factors, including prevailing market conditions, alternate uses of capital, liquidity and the economic environment. The Company repurchased 4,471,682 shares at a total cost of $146.0 million during the first quarter of 2020. The ~~Company's~~Company did not repurchase any shares during the second and third quarters of 2020. As of September 30, 2020, the total remaining available ~~share~~capital authorized for repurchase ~~authorization as of March 31, 2020~~ was $354.0 million.

The Company’s stockholders’ equity was ~~$4.90~~$5.13 billion as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, a ~~$114.6~~$108.5 million or 2% ~~decrease~~increase from $5.02 billion as of December 31, 2019. The ~~decrease~~increase in the Company’s stockholders’ equity was primarily due to net income of $403.7 million for the first nine months of 2020, partially offset by share ~~repurchase activity~~repurchases of $146.0 ~~million; a decrease in opening retained earnings of $98.0 million as a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-13, and cash dividends declared of $40.5~~ million during the first quarter of 2020 ~~offset by~~and cash dividends declared of $119.4 million during the first ~~quarter 2020 net income~~nine months of ~~$144.8 million.~~2020. For other factors that contributed to the changes in stockholders’ equity, refer to Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements — Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity in this Form 10-Q.

Book value was ~~$34.67~~$36.22 per common share as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, compared with $34.46 per common share as of December 31, 2019. The Company paid ~~a quarterly~~ cash ~~dividend~~dividends of $0.275 ~~and $0.230~~per common share every quarter for the first nine months of 2020; $0.23 per common share for the first quarter of 2019, and $0.275 per common share for both second and third quarters of ~~2020 and 2019, respectively.~~2019. In ~~April~~October 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors declared ~~second~~fourth quarter 2020 cash dividends of $0.275 per common share. The dividend ~~will be paid~~is payable on ~~May 15,~~November 16, 2020 to stockholders of record as of ~~May~~November 2, 2020.

Deposits and Other Sources of Funds

Deposits are the Company’s primary source of funding, the cost of which has a significant impact on the Company’s net interest income and net interest margin. Additional funding is provided by short- and long-term borrowings, and long-term debt. See Item 2— MD&A — Risk Management — Liquidity Risk Management in this Form 10-Q for a discussion of the Company’s liquidity management. The following table summarizes the Company’s sources of funds as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019				Change
	Amount		%		Amount		%		$		%
Deposits

Noninterest-bearing demand	$	14,924,917	36	%	$	11,080,036	30	%	$	3,844,881	35	%
Interest-bearing checking	5,731,573		13	%	5,200,755		14	%	530,818		10	%
Money market	9,553,574		23	%	8,711,964		23	%	841,610		10	%
Savings	2,401,318		6	%	2,117,196		6	%	284,122		13	%




Time deposits	9,069,173		22	%	10,214,308		27	%	(1,145,135)		(11)	%
Total deposits	$	41,680,555	100	%	$	37,324,259	100	%	$	4,356,296	12	%
Other Funds
Short-term borrowings	$	59,613			$	28,669			$	30,944	108	%

FHLB advances	657,185				745,915				(88,730)		(12)	%
Repurchase agreements	348,063				200,000				148,063		74	%
Long-term debt (1)	1,574,765				147,101				1,427,664		971	%
Total other funds	$	2,639,626			$	1,121,685			$	1,517,941	135	%
Total sources of funds	$	44,320,181			$	38,445,944			$	5,874,237	15	%

(1)Includes $1.43 billion of advances from the Federal Reserve’s PPPLF as of September 30, 2020

Deposits

The Company offers a wide variety of deposit products to consumer and commercial customers. The Company’s deposit strategy is to grow and retain relationship-based deposits, which provides a stable and low-cost source of funding and liquidity to the Company.

Total deposits were $41.68 billion as of September 30, 2020, an increase of $4.36 billion or 12% from $37.32 billion as of December 31, 2019. This growth was primarily due to a $3.84 billion or 35% increase in noninterest-bearing demand, an $841.6 million or 10% increase in money market and a $530.8 million or 10% increase in interest-bearing checking deposits, partially offset by a $1.15 billion or 11% decrease in time deposits. Deposit growth was attributable to strong growth from both commercial and consumer customers, partially offset by a reduction in higher-cost time deposits. Noninterest-bearing demand deposits comprised 36% of total deposits as of September 30, 2020, up from 30% of total deposits as of December 31, 2019. Additional information regarding the impact of deposits on net interest income, with a comparison of average deposit balances and rates, is provided in Item 2. MD&A — Results of Operations — Net Interest Income in this Form 10-Q.

Other Sources of Funding

Short-term borrowings consist of FRB discount window borrowing, as well as short-term borrowings entered into by the Company’s subsidiary, East West Bank (China) Limited and the branch in Hong Kong. The Company had short-term borrowings outstanding of $59.6 million as of September 30, 2020, compared with $28.7 million as of December 31, 2019. During the second quarter of 2020, the Company borrowed $200.0 million from the FRB discount window with a term of 90 days at a rate of 0.25% that matured in July 2020. Short-term borrowings entered into by East West Bank (China) Limited were $40.3 million and $28.7 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, short-term borrowings entered into by East West Bank (China) Limited had fixed interest rates ranging from 3.68% to 3.70%, and had maturities in the fourth quarter of 2020 and the first quarter of 2021. As of September 30, 2020, the Hong Kong branch entered into a short-term borrowing of $19.3 million with a fixed interest rate of 0.78% and a maturity date in the fourth quarter of 2020.

FHLB advances were $657.2 million as of September 30, 2020, a decrease of $88.7 million or 12% from $745.9 million as of December 31, 2019. As of September 30, 2020, FHLB advances had fixed and floating interest rates ranging from zero percent to 2.34% and remaining maturities between 0.1 years and 2.1 years.

Gross repurchase agreements totaled $348.1 million and $450.0 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to the extinguishment of $150.0 million in the second quarter of 2020. Resale and repurchase agreements are reported net, pursuant to ASC 210-20-45-11, Balance Sheet Offsetting: Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Agreements. As of September 30, 2020, the Company did not have gross resale agreements that were eligible for netting pursuant to ASC 210-20-45-11. In comparison, net repurchase agreements totaled $200.0 million as of December 31, 2019, after netting gross repurchase agreements of $250.0 million against gross resale agreements. As of September 30, 2020, gross repurchase agreements had interest rates ranging from 0.48% to 2.51%, with original terms between 0.2 years and 8.5 years and remaining maturities between 0.2 years and 2.9 years.

Repurchase agreements are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions and recorded as liabilities based on the values at which the securities are sold. As of September 30, 2020, the collateral for the repurchase agreements was comprised of U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities, and U.S. Treasury securities. To ensure the market value of the underlying collateral remains sufficient, the Company monitors the fair value of collateral pledged relative to the principal amounts borrowed under repurchase agreements. The Company manages liquidity risks related to the repurchase agreements by sourcing funds from a diverse group of counterparties, and entering into repurchase agreements with longer durations, when appropriate. For additional details, see Note 4 ~~2020.~~— Securities Purchased under Resale Agreements and Sold under Repurchase Agreements to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

The Company uses long-term debt to provide funding to acquire interest-earning assets, as well as to enhance liquidity and regulatory capital adequacy. Long-term debt totaled $1.57 billion as of September 30, 2020, consisting of PPPLF and junior subordinated debt, and $147.1 million as of December 31, 2019, consisting of junior subordinated debt. During the second quarter of 2020, the Company participated in the PPPLF and added $1.43 billion to long-term debt funding at a rate of 0.35%. During the month of October 2020, this debt was fully repaid.Junior subordinated debt qualifies as Tier 2 capital for regulatory purposes. The junior subordinated debt was issued in connection with the Company’s various pooled trust preferred securities offerings, as well as common stock issuance by the six wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company in conjunction with these offerings. The junior subordinated debt had a weighted-average interest rate of 2.41% and 4.11% for the first nine months of 2020 and 2019, respectively, with remaining maturities ranging between 14 years and 17 years as of September 30, 2020.

Regulatory Capital and Ratios

The federal banking agencies have risk-based capital adequacy guidelines intended to ensure that banking organizations maintain capital that is commensurate with the degree of risk associated with a banking organization’s operations. See Item 1. Business — Supervision and Regulation — Capital Requirements of the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K for additional details.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020. The Company has elected the phase-in option provided by regulatory guidance, which delays the estimated impact of CECL on regulatory capital for two years and phases the impact over three years beginning 2022. In April 2020, in ~~2022. As~~recognition of CARES Act requirements, and to facilitate the use of the PPPLF, the U.S banking agencies issued an interim final rule that banking organizations may exclude from leverage and risk-based capital requirements any eligible assets sold or pledged to the Federal Reserve on a ~~result,~~non-recourse basis as part of these programs. The interim final rule states that PPP covered loans originated by a banking organization under the ~~March 31,~~PPP will be risk-weighted at zero percent for regulatory capital purposes. The September 30, 2020 capital ratios exclude the impact of the increased allowance for ~~credit losses.~~ loan losses due to CECL, and PPP loans are risk weighted at zero percent. In addition, the impact of PPP loans that have been pledged as collateral to PPPLF has been excluded from the Tier 1 leverage ratio.

The following table presents the Company’s and the Bank’s capital ratios as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 under the Basel III Capital Rules, and those required by regulatory agencies for capital adequacy and well-capitalized classification purposes:



	Basel III Capital Rules
	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019				Minimum Regulatory Requirements		Fully Phased-in Minimum Regulatory Requirements (2)		Well- Capitalized Requirements
	Company		East West Bank		Company		East West Bank
Risk-Based Capital Ratios:
CET1 capital	12.8	%	12.1	%	12.9	%	12.9	%	4.5	%	7.0	%	6.5	%
Tier 1 capital	12.8	%	12.1	%	12.9	%	12.9	%	6.0	%	8.5	%	8.0	%
Total capital	14.5	%	13.4	%	14.4	%	13.9	%	8.0	%	10.5	%	10.0	%
Tier 1 leverage (1)	9.8	%	9.3	%	10.3	%	10.3	%	4.0	%	4.0	%	5.0	%

Basel III Capital Rules
March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Minimum
Regulatory
Requirements

Fully
Phased-in
Minimum
Regulatory
Requirements ⁽²⁾

Well-
Capitalized
Requirements
Company East
West
Bank Company East
West
Bank
Risk-Based Capital Ratios:
CET1 capital 12.4 % 12.3 % 12.9 % 12.9 % 4.5 % 7.0 % 6.5 %
Tier 1 capital 12.4 % 12.3 % 12.9 % 12.9 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 8.0 %
Total capital 13.9 % 13.4 % 14.4 % 13.9 % 8.0 % 10.5 % 10.0 %
Tier 1 leverage ⁽¹⁾
10.2 % 10.1 % 10.3 % 10.3 % 4.0 % 4.0 % 5.0 %

(1)The Tier 1 leverage well-capitalized requirement applies to the Bank only because there is no Tier 1 leverage ratio component in the definition of a well-capitalized bank-holding company.


~~(1)~~	~~The Tier 1 leverage well-capitalized requirement applies to the Bank only because there is no Tier 1 leverage ratio component in the definition of a well-capitalized bank-holding company.~~


~~(2)~~	As of January 1, 2019, the 2.5% capital conservation buffer above the minimum capital ratios is required in order to avoid limitations on distributions, including dividend payments and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers.

(2)As of January 1, 2019, the 2.5% capital conservation buffer above the minimum capital ratios was required in order to avoid limitations on distributions, including dividend payments and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers.

The Company is committed to maintaining strong capital levels to assure the Company’s investors, customers and regulators that the Company and the Bank are financially sound. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, both the Company and the Bank continued to exceed all “well-capitalized” capital requirements and the fully phased-in required minimum capital requirements under the Basel III Capital Rules. Total risk-weighted assets were ~~$36.55~~$36.92 billion as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, an increase of ~~$1.41~~$1.78 billion or 4%5% from $35.14 billion as of December 31, 2019. The increase in the risk-weighted assets was primarily due to real estate loan ~~growth and an increase in derivative fair values.~~growth.

Other Matters

LIBOR Transition

On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates ~~the~~ London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), announced that it will no longer persuade or require banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. Given LIBOR’s extensive use across financial markets, the transition away from LIBOR presents various risks and challenges to financial markets and institutions, including to the Company. The Company’s commercial and consumer businesses issue, trade, and hold various products that are currently indexed to LIBOR. A portion of the Company’s loans, derivatives, debt securities, resale agreements, FHLB advances, ~~and deposits,~~ as well as junior subordinated debt and repurchase agreements are indexed to LIBOR and mature after 2021. The volume of the Company’s products that are indexed to LIBOR is significant, and if not sufficiently planned for, the discontinuation of LIBOR could result in financial, operational, legal, reputational or compliance risks.

The Alternative Reference Rates Committee (“ARRC”) has proposed the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as its preferred alternative rate for LIBOR. In ~~early~~ 2019 and 2020, the ARRC released ~~final~~ recommended fallback contract language for new issuances of LIBOR indexed bilateral business loans, syndicated loans, floating-rate notes, securitizations, residential adjustable rate mortgages and ~~securitizations. The~~private student loans. During 2020, the ARRC has issued updated hardwired fallback language for bilateral business loans and syndicated loans, and a recommended spread methodology for non-consumer cash products, as well as guidance on several matters related to the transition. On October 23, 2020, the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. ~~is in~~(“ISDA”) launched its 2020 IBOR Fallbacks Supplement (“Supplement”) and IBOR Fallbacks Protocol (“Protocol”). The Supplement and the ~~process of developing detailed guidance~~amendments made by the Protocol will take effect on ~~fallback contract language.~~January 25, 2021. The ARRC supports the ISDA Protocol.

The Company has been closely monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and any potential delay in the cessation of LIBOR. Although the Financial Conduct Authority ~~has expressed that it is assessing~~continues to assess the ~~potential impacts~~evolving impact of COVID-19 on firms’ LIBOR transition ~~timelines,~~efforts, the target LIBOR cessation date currently remains unchanged.

Due to the uncertainty surrounding the future of LIBOR, the transition is anticipated to span several reporting periods through the end of ~~2021, unless there is a delay in the cessation of LIBOR due to impacts of COVID-19.~~2021. Certain actions already taken by the Company related to the transition of LIBOR include (1) establishing a cross-functional team to identify, assess and monitor risks associated with the transition of LIBOR and other benchmark ~~rates,~~rates; (2) ~~developing~~completing an inventory of LIBOR indexed ~~products, and~~products; (3) implementing more robust fallback contract language for new loans, which identifies LIBOR cessation trigger events, provides for an alternative index and permits an adjustment to the margin as ~~applicable.~~applicable; and (4) creating an entity-wide transition project plan, to ensure an effective transition away from LIBOR. The Company continues to monitor this activity and evaluate the related risks. The Company’s cross-functional team also manages the communication of the Company’s transition plans with both internal and external stakeholders and ensures that the Company appropriately updates its business processes, analytical tools, information systems and contract language to minimize disruption during and after the LIBOR transition. For additional information related to the potential impact surrounding the transition from LIBOR on the Company’s business, seeItem 1A. Risk Factorsin the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the course of the Company’s business, the Company may enter into or be a party to transactions that are not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and are considered to be off-balance sheet arrangements. Off-balance sheet arrangements are any contractual arrangements to which a nonconsolidated entity is a party and under which the Company has: (1) any obligation under a guarantee contract; (2) a retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity or similar arrangement that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to that entity for such assets; (3) any obligation under certain derivative instruments; or (4) any obligation under a material variable interest held by the Company in a nonconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support to the Company, or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with the Company.

Commitments to Extend Credit

As a financial service provider, the Company routinely enters into commitments to extend credit such as loan commitments, commercial letters of credit for foreign and domestic trade, standby letters of credit (“SBLCs”) and financial guarantees to meet the financing needs of ~~our~~its customers. Many of these commitments to extend credit may expire without being drawn upon. The credit policies used in underwriting loans to customers are also used to extend these commitments. Under some of these contractual agreements, the Company may also have liabilities contingent upon the occurrence of certain events. The Company’s liquidity sources have been, and are expected to be, sufficient to meet the cash requirements of its lending activities. Information about the Company’s loan commitments, commercial letters of credit and SBLCs is provided in Note 10 — Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

Guarantees

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into various guarantee agreements in which the Company sells or securitizes loans with recourse. Under these guarantee arrangements, the Company is contingently obligated to repurchase the recourse component of the loans when the loans default. Additional information regarding guarantees is provided in Note 10 — Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

A discussion of significant contractual arrangements under which the Company may be held contingently liable is included in Note 10 — Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q. In addition, the Company has commitments and obligations under post-retirement benefit plans as described in Note 17 — Employee Benefit Plans to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K, and has contractual obligations for future payments on debts, borrowings and lease obligations as detailed in Item 7. MD&A — Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations of the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K.

Risk Management

Overview

~~Overview~~

In ~~the course of~~ conducting its businesses, the Company is exposed to a variety of risks, some of which are inherent to the financial services industry and others of which are more specific to the Company’s businesses. The Company operates under a ~~Board approved~~Board-approved enterprise risk management (“ERM”) framework, which outlines its company-wide approach to risk management and oversight and describes the structures and practices employed to manage the current and emerging risks inherent to the Company. The Company’s ERM program incorporates risk management throughout the organization in identifying, managing, monitoring, and reporting risks. It identifies the Company’s major risk categories as capital risk, strategic risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, operational risk, reputational risk, and legal and compliance risk.

The Board of Directors monitors the ERM program to ensure independent review and oversight of the Company’s risk appetite and control environment. The Risk Oversight Committee provides focused oversight of the Company’s identified enterprise risk categories on behalf of the full Board of Directors. Under the direction of the Risk Oversight Committee, management committees apply targeted strategies to reduce the risks to which the Company’s operations are exposed.

The Company’s ERM program is executed along the three lines of defense model, which provides for a consistent and standardized risk management control environment across the enterprise. The first line of defense is comprised of production, operational, and support units. The second line of defense is comprised of various risk management and control functions charged with monitoring and managing specific major risk categories and/or risk subcategories. The third line of defense is comprised of the Internal Audit function and Independent Asset Review. Internal Audit provides assurance and evaluates the effectiveness of risk management, control and governance processes as established by the Company. Internal Audit has organizational independence and objectivity, reporting directly to the Board’s Audit Committee. Further discussion and analyses of each major risk area are included in the following sub-sections of Risk Management.

Credit Risk Management

Credit risk is the risk that a borrower or counterparty will fail to perform according to the terms and conditions of a loan or investment and expose the Company to loss. Credit risk exists with many of our assets and exposures such as loans and certain derivatives. The majority of ~~our~~the Company's credit risk is associated with lending activities.

The Risk Oversight Committee has primary oversight responsibility of identifying enterprise risk categories including credit risk. The Risk Oversight Committee monitors management’s assessment of asset quality and credit risk trends, credit quality administration and underwriting standards, portfolio credit risk management and processes to enable management to control credit risk including diversification and liquidity. At the management level, the Credit Risk Management Committee has primary oversight responsibility for credit risk. The Senior Credit Supervision function manages credit policy and provides the resources to manage the line of business transactional credit risk, assuring that all exposure is ~~risk rated~~risk-rated according to the requirements of the credit risk rating policy. The Senior Credit Supervision function reports on the overall credit risk ~~portfolio~~exposure to senior management and the Risk Oversight Committee. The Independent Asset Review function supports a strong credit risk management culture by providing independent and objective ~~assessments of the quality~~assessment of underwriting and documentation quality, reporting directly to the Board’s Risk Oversight Committee. A key tofocus of our credit risk management is adherence to a well-controlled underwriting process.

~~A meaningful way to assess~~The Company assesses overall credit quality performance of ~~our~~the loan held-for-investment portfolio is through an integrated analysis of specific performance ratios. This approach forms the basis of the discussion in the sections immediately following: ~~Non-performing~~Nonperforming Assets, ~~Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”),~~TDRs and Allowance for Credit Losses.

100

Nonperforming Assets

~~Nonperforming Assets~~

Nonperforming assets are comprised of nonaccrual loans, other real estate owned (“OREO”), and other nonperforming assets. ~~OREO~~Other nonperforming assets and ~~other nonperforming assets~~OREO are repossessed assets and properties, respectively, acquired through foreclosure, or through full or partial satisfaction of loans held-for-investment. Loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when they become 90 days past due or when the full collection of principal or interest becomes uncertain regardless of the length of past due status. Collectability is generally assessed based on economic and business conditions, the borrower’s financial condition and the adequacy of collateral, if any. For additional details regarding the Company’s nonaccrual loan policy, see Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Loans ~~Held-for-Investmen~~Held-for-Investmentt to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K.

The following table presents information regarding nonperforming assets as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
	Nonaccrual Loans			Non-PCI Nonaccrual Loans
Commercial:
C&I	$	145,986		$	74,835
CRE:
CRE	55,996			16,441
Multifamily residential	3,728			819

Total CRE	59,724			17,260
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential	15,894			14,865
HELOCs	12,395			10,742
Total residential mortgage	28,289			25,607
Other consumer	2,495			2,517
Total nonaccrual loans	236,494			120,219

OREO, net	19,504			125
Other nonperforming assets	3,890			1,167
Total nonperforming assets	$	259,888		$	121,511
Nonperforming assets to total assets	0.52		%	0.27		%
Nonaccrual loans to loans held-for-investment	0.63		%	0.35		%
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans	261.42		%	298.03		%
Annualized quarterly net charge-offs to average loans held-for-investment	0.26		%	0.10		%
TDRs included in nonperforming loans	$	40,728		$	54,466

($ in thousands) March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Nonaccrual Loans
Non-PCI
Nonaccrual Loans
Commercial:
C&I $ 89,079
$ 74,835
CRE:
CRE 6,298
16,441
Multifamily residential 803
819
Total CRE 7,101
17,260
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential 17,536
14,865
HELOCs 10,446
10,742
Total residential mortgage 27,982
25,607
Other consumer 2,506
2,517
Total nonaccrual loans 126,668
120,219

OREO, net 19,504
125
Other nonperforming assets 4,758
1,167
Total nonperforming assets $ 150,930
$ 121,511
Nonperforming assets to total assets
0.33 % 0.27 %
Nonaccrual loans to loans held-for-investment 0.35 % 0.35 %
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans 439.73 % 298.03 %
Annualized quarterly net charge-offs to average loans held-for-investment 0.01 % 0.10 %
TDR included in nonperforming loans $ 34,364
$ 54,566

Period-over-period changes to nonaccrual loans represent loans that are placed on nonaccrual status in accordance with the Company’s accounting policy, offset by reductions ~~for loan repayments and for~~from loans that are repaid, paid down, charged off, sold, foreclosed, or no longer classified as nonaccrual as a result of continued performance and improvement in the borrowers’ financial condition. Nonaccrual loans were ~~$126.7~~$236.5 million as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, an increase of ~~$6.4~~$116.3 million or 5%97% from $120.2 million as of December 31, 2019. This increase iswas primarily ~~due to new additions from~~driven by inflows of C&I oil & gas loans, and ~~residential mortgage~~CRE loans, partially offset by charge-offs and sales of C&I loans, ~~returned~~as well as a transfer of a CRE loan to ~~accrual status, paid down or paid off.~~ OREO. Nonaccrual loans as a percentage of loans held-for-investment were 0.63% and 0.35% as of ~~both March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, ~~2019.~~2019, respectively. C&I nonaccrual loans were ~~70% and~~ 62% of total nonaccrual loans as of ~~March 31,~~both September 30, 2020 and December 31, ~~2019, respectively. Credit risk related to the C&I nonaccrual loans were partially mitigated by the collateral in place.~~2019. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, ~~$61.9~~$115.5 million or 49%, of the ~~$126.7~~$236.5 million nonaccrual loans were less than 90 days delinquent. In comparison, $35.6 million or 30%, of the $120.2 million nonaccrual loans were less than 90 days delinquent as of December 31, 2019.

OREO ~~was~~increased by $19.4 million from $125 thousand as of December 31, 2019 to $19.5 million as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 ~~a quarter-over-quarter increase of $19.4 million because~~due to the Company ~~took~~taking possession of aone retail CRE property located in Southern ~~California.~~California during the first quarter of 2020.

101

The following table presents the accruing loans past due by portfolio ~~segments~~segment as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:



($ in thousands)	Total Accruing Past Due Loans (1)				Change				Percentage of Total Loans Outstanding
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		($)		(%)		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Commercial:
C&I	$	53,143	$	48,155	$	4,988	10	%	0.40	%	0.40	%
CRE:
CRE	8,646		24,807		(16,161)		(65)	%	0.08	%	0.24	%
Multifamily residential	3,863		729		3,134		430	%	0.13	%	0.03	%

Total CRE	12,509		25,536		(13,027)		(51)	%	0.09	%	0.19	%
Total commercial	65,652		73,691		(8,039)		(11)	%	0.23	%	0.29	%
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential	13,987		20,517		(6,530)		(32)	%	0.18	%	0.29	%
HELOCs	4,678		7,064		(2,386)		(34)	%	0.31	%	0.48	%
Total residential mortgage	18,665		27,581		(8,916)		(32)	%	0.20	%	0.32	%
Other consumer	675		11		664		NM		0.43	%	0.00	%
Total consumer	19,340		27,592		(8,252)		(30)	%	0.20	%	0.31	%
Total	$	84,992	$	101,283	$	(16,291)	(16)	%	0.23	%	0.29	%

($ in thousands)
Total Accruing Past Due Loans ⁽¹⁾
Change Percentage of Total Loans Outstanding
March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Commercial:
C&I $ 18,385
$ 48,155
$ (29,770 ) (62 )% 0.15 % 0.40 %
CRE:
CRE 6,986
24,807
(17,821 ) (72 )% 0.07 % 0.24 %
Multifamily residential 876
729
147
20 % 0.03 % 0.03 %
Total CRE 7,862
25,536
(17,674 ) (69 )% 0.06 % 0.19 %
Total commercial 26,247
73,691
(47,444 ) (64 )% 0.10 % 0.29 %
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential 58,663
20,517
38,146
186 % 0.79 % 0.29 %
HELOCs 14,634
7,064
7,570
107 % 1.01 % 0.48 %
Total residential mortgage 73,297
27,581
45,716
166 % 0.83 % 0.32 %
Other consumer 63
11
52
473 % 0.02 % 0.00 %
Total consumer 73,360
27,592
45,768
166 % 0.81 % 0.31 %
Total $ 99,607
$ 101,283
$ (1,676 ) (2 )% 0.28 % 0.29 %


~~(1)~~	~~There were no accruing loans past due 90 days or more as of both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.~~

NM — Not meaningful.

(1)There were no accruing loans past due 90 days or more as of both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

TDRs are loans for which contractual terms have been modified by the Company for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, and for which a concession to the borrower was granted that the Company would not otherwise consider. ~~Our~~The Company’s loan modifications are handled on a case-by-case basis and are negotiated to achieve mutually agreeable terms that maximize loan ~~collectibility~~collectability and meet the borrower’s financial needs. The Company has implemented various consumer and commercial loan modification programs to provide its borrowers relief from the economic impacts of COVID-19. In accordance with the CARES Act, the Company has elected to not apply TDR classification to any COVID-19 related loan modifications. On April 7, 2020, the federal banking regulators issued the “~~Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customer Affected by the Coronovirus (Revised)”~~ (the Interagency Statement). The Interagency Statement provides additional TDR relief as it clarifies that it is not necessary to consider the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial condition of a borrower in connection with a short-term (e.g., six months) COVID-19 related loan modification provided that the borrower is current at the date the modification program is implemented. For COVID-19 related loan modifications in the form of payment deferrals, the delinquency status will not advance and loans that were accruing at the time that the relief is provided will generally not be placed on nonaccrual status during the deferral period. Interest income will continue to be recognized over the contractual life of the loan.

The following table presents the performing and nonperforming TDRs by portfolio ~~segments~~segment as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, ~~2019:~~2019. The allowance for loan losses for TDRs was $4.8 million and $400 thousand as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Performing TDRs		Nonperforming TDRs		Performing TDRs		Nonperforming TDRs
Commercial:
C&I	$	61,727	$	36,955	$	39,208	$	41,014
CRE:
CRE	26,381		316		5,177		11,503
Multifamily residential	3,323		1,453		3,644		229
Construction and land	19,792		—		19,691		—
Total CRE	49,496		1,769		28,512		11,732
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential	6,757		1,148		7,346		1,098
HELOCs	2,644		856		2,832		722
Total residential mortgage	9,401		2,004		10,178		1,820

Total TDRs	$	120,624	$	40,728	$	77,898	$	54,566

102

($ in thousands) March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019

Performing
TDRs

Nonperforming
TDRs

Performing
TDRs

Nonperforming
TDRs
Commercial:
C&I $ 30,186
$ 31,956
$ 39,208
$ 41,014
CRE:
CRE 5,133
385
5,177
11,503
Multifamily residential 3,320
222
3,644
229
Construction and land 19,691
—
19,691
—
Total CRE 28,144
607
28,512
11,732
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential 6,764
1,085
7,346
1,098
HELOCs 2,814
716
2,832
722
Total residential mortgage 9,578
1,801
10,178
1,820
Total TDRs $ 67,908
$ 34,364
$ 77,898
$ 54,566

Performing TDRs were ~~$67.9~~$120.6 million as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, ~~a decrease~~an increase of ~~$10.0~~$42.7 million or ~~13%~~55% from $77.9 million as of December 31, 2019. This ~~decrease reflects performing C&I loans no longer classified as TDR, loan pay-offs and loan paydowns, offset by three C&I loans that were~~increase reflected $45.8 million in newly designated C&I TDR loans, primarily from general manufacturing & wholesale, and oil & gas sectors, and $29.8 million in CRE TDR loans. The majority of the performing TDRs were current as ~~TDR.~~ of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Nonperforming TDRs were ~~$34.4~~$40.7 million as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, a decrease of ~~$20.2~~$13.8 million or ~~37%~~25% from ~~$54.6~~$54.5 million as of December 31, 2019. This decrease primarily ~~reflects one~~reflected $19.9 million in sale of C&I loan, and an $11.1 million transfer of a nonperforming CRE loan ~~transferred~~ to ~~OREO.~~OREO, partially offset by additions to TDR, primarily from C&I oil & gas loans.

Existing TDRs that were subsequently modified in response to the COVID-19 pandemic continue to be classified as TDRs. As of September 30, 2020, there were 11 TDRs totaling $31.3 million that were provided subsequent modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Loan Modifications Due to COVID-19 Pandemic

Section 4013 of the CARES Act includes a provision that permits a financial institution to elect to temporarily suspend TDR accounting under ASC Subtopic 310-40 in certain circumstances (“Section 4013 CARES Act”). To be eligible under Section 4013, a loan modification must be (1) related to the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) executed on a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019; and (3) executed between March 1, 2020, and the earlier of (a) 60 days after the date of termination of the federal National Emergency or (b) December 31, 2020. In response to the loan modification provisions under Section 4013 of the CARES Act, the federal banking regulators issued a revised interagency statement (the “Interagency Statement”) on April 7, 2020 in consultation with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). The Interagency Statement confirmed that for loans not subject to Section 4013 of the CARES Act, short-term modifications (i.e. six months or less) made on a good faith basis in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to borrowers who were current as of the implementation date of a loan modification program, or modifications granted under government mandated modification programs, are not considered as TDRs under ASC Subtopic 310-40.

The delinquency aging of loans modified related to COVID-19 pandemic is frozen at the time of the modification. As a result, the recognition of delinquent loans and loan net charge-offs may be delayed for certain borrowers who are enrolled in these loan modification programs, and who would have otherwise moved into past due or nonaccrual status. Interest income continues to be recognized over the accommodation period.

103

Beginning in late March 2020, the Company provided various commercial and consumer loan modification programs, predominantly in the form of payment deferrals to its borrowers, to offer relief to borrowers from the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The following table provides a summary of the COVID-19 pandemic-related loan modifications in place as of September 30, 2020, none of which were classified as a TDR. A portion of the balances on deferral represent borrowers who have received multiple accommodations.



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020

	Number of Loans	Outstanding Balance		% of Balance to Respective Loan Portfolio
Payment deferral and forbearance
Commercial:
C&I	10	$	32,599	0	%
CRE:
CRE	94	1,029,105		9	%
Multifamily residential	14	83,755		3	%
Construction and land	2	52,852		9	%
Total CRE	110	1,165,712		8	%
Total commercial	120	1,198,311		4	%
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential	775	316,745		4	%
HELOCs	134	52,866		3	%
Total residential mortgage	909	369,611		4	%
Total consumer	909	369,611		4	%
Total payment deferral and forbearance	1,029	$	1,567,922	4	%

The above table excludes loan modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic that did not meet the criteria provided under Section 4013 of the CARES Act or the Interagency Statement, which are also not considered TDRs. The determination to not consider a modification a TDR was made on the premise that the amount of the delayed restructured payments was insignificant relative to the unpaid principal or collateral value of the loan, resulting in an insignificant shortfall in the contractual amount due from the borrower, or an insignificant delay in the timing of the restructured payment period relative to the payment frequency under the loan’s original contractual maturity or expected duration. The table above also excludes loan modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic made on existing TDRs.

The majority of the COVID-19 pandemic-related loan modifications primarily consisted of payment deferrals three months or less in duration, in the form of principal payment deferrals or principal and interest payment deferrals. Other forbearance programs consisted of interest rate concessions. The deferred payments for commercial loans are either repaid at contractual maturity, or over the remaining contractual term of the loan. The deferred payments for consumer loans are repaid under defined payment plans between six to 36 months after the deferral period ends, or the loan term is extended beyond the contractual maturity by the number of payments deferred.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses that requires the measurement of the allowance for credit losses to be based on management’s best estimate of lifetime expected credit losses inherent in the Company’s relevant financial assets. The allowance for credit losses ~~includes~~estimate uses various models and estimation techniques based on historical loss experience, current borrower characteristics, current conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts and other relevant factors. On January 1, 2020, the adoption of the new accounting standard increased the allowance for loan losses by $125.2 million, and the allowance for unfunded credit ~~commitments.~~

commitments by $10.5 million, partially offset by an after-tax decrease to opening retained earnings of $98.0 million.

104

~~Allowance~~

The Company’s methodology for ~~Loan Losses —~~ ~~The~~determining the allowance for loan losses is a valuation account that is deducted from, or added to, the amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loans are charged off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off.

Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical loan loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loan loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level as well as for changes in environmental conditions.

Allowance for loan losses is measured on a collective basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not included in the collective evaluation. When management determines that foreclosure is probable or when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral, adjusted for selling cost as appropriate.

~~Allowance for Unfunded Credit Commitments~~— The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The allowance for unfunded credit commitments is adjusted through ~~Provision for credit losses. The estimate~~ includes ~~consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and~~ an estimate of expected credit losses on ~~commitments~~a collective basis for loan groups with similar risk characteristics, and a specific allowance for loans which are individually evaluated. For collectively evaluated loans, the Company uses quantitative models to forecast expected credit losses and these models consider historical credit loss experience, current market and economic conditions, and forecasted changes in market and economic conditions, if such forecasts are considered reasonable and supportable. The Company also considers qualitative factors in determining the allowance for loan losses. Qualitative adjustments are used to ~~be funded over its estimated life. The~~capture characteristics in the portfolio that impact expected credit losses, and which are not otherwise fully captured within the Company’s expected credit loss models.

In addition to the allowance for loan losses, the Company maintains an allowance for unfunded credit ~~commitments include reserves provided~~commitments. The Company has three general areas where it provides the allowance for unfunded credit commitments: recourse obligations for loans sold, letters of credit, and unfunded lending commitments. The Company’s methodology for determining the allowance for unfunded lending commitments ~~SBLCs, and recourse~~calculation uses the lifetime loss rates of the on-balance sheet commitment. Recourse obligations for loans ~~sold.~~sold and letters of credit use the weighted loss rates for the segment of the individual credit.

The Company employs a disciplined process and methodology to establish its allowance for loan losses each quarter. The process for estimating the allowance for loan losses takes into consideration many factors, including historical and forecasted loan loss trends, loan-level credit quality ratings and loan-specific risk characteristics. In addition to regular quarterly reviews of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, the Company performs ongoing assessments of the risks inherent in the loan portfolio. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses is ~~reported separately on~~complex and requires judgement by management about the ~~Consolidated Balance Sheet, whereas the allowance for unfunded credit commitments is included in~~ ~~Accrued expenses and other liabilities~~ ~~on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The~~ ~~Provision for credit losses~~ ~~is reported on the Consolidated Statement~~effect of ~~Income.~~matters that are inherently uncertain.

The Company is committed to maintaining the allowance for ~~credit~~loan losses at a level that is commensurate with the estimated inherent losses in the loan portfolio, including unfunded credit facilities. ~~In addition to regular quarterly reviews of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, the Company performs ongoing assessments of the risks inherent in the loan portfolio.~~ While the Company believes that the allowance for ~~credit~~loan losses was appropriate as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, future allowance levels may increase or decrease based on a variety of factors, including but not limited to, accounting standard and regulatory changes, loan growth, portfolio performance and general economic conditions. ~~The Company adopted ASU2016-13 on January 1, 2020. For additional information, see~~See Note 2 — Current Accounting Developments and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — New Accounting Pronouncements ~~Adopted.~~ AdoptedThe calculation of the allowance for credit losses involves subjective and complex judgments. For additional details about the Company’s allowance for credit losses, including the methodologies used, see, Note 7 — Loans ~~Receivable~~Receivables and Allowance for ~~Credit~~Loan Losses — Allowance for Loan Losses and ~~to the Consolidated Financial Statements and~~ Item 7.2. MD&A — Critical Accounting Policies and Estimatesin this Form ~~10-Q.~~10-Qfor a description of the policies, methodologies and judgements used to determine the allowance for credit losses.

The following ~~table presents a summary of activities~~tables summarize activity in the allowance for loan losses for loans by portfolio segments for the third quarter and first ~~quarter~~nine months of ~~2020:~~2020 and 2019:



($ in thousands)		Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
		Commercial								Consumer						Total
		C&I		CRE						Residential Mortgage				Other Consumer
				CRE		Multi-Family Residential		Construction and Land		Single- Family Residential		HELOCs
Allowance for loan losses, beginning of period		$	380,723	$	176,040	$	25,058	$	18,551	$	25,314	$	3,867	$	2,518	$	632,071
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on loans	(a)	31,691		(8,301)		(1,916)		(8,180)		(2,692)		(637)		(76)		9,889
Gross charge-offs		(25,111)		(1,414)		—		—		—		—		(124)		(26,649)
Gross recoveries		1,218		485		665		30		—		43		—		2,441
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries		(23,893)		(929)		665		30		—		43		(124)		(24,208)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		500		—		—		—		—		—		—		500
Allowance for loan losses, end of period		$	389,021	$	166,810	$	23,807	$	10,401	$	22,622	$	3,273	$	2,318	$	618,252

105

($ in thousands) March 31, 2020
Commercial Consumer Total
C&I CRE Residential Mortgage
Other
Consumer

CRE
Multi-Family
Residential

Construction
and Land

Single-
Family
Residential
HELOCs
Allowance for loan losses, December 31, 2019 $ 238,376
$ 40,509
$ 22,826
$ 19,404
$ 28,527
$ 5,265
$ 3,380
$ 358,287
Impact of ASU 2016-13 adoption 74,237
72,169
(8,112 ) (9,889 ) (3,670 ) (1,798 ) 2,221
125,158
Allowance for loan losses, January 1, 2020 312,613
112,678
14,714
9,515
24,857
3,467
5,601
483,445
Provision for (reversal of ) credit losses 60,618
11,435
1,281
1,482
1,700
412
(2,272 ) 74,656
Gross charge-offs (11,977 ) (954 ) —
—
—
—
(26 ) (12,957 )
Gross recoveries 1,575
9,660
535
21
265
2
1
12,059
Total net charge-offs (10,402 ) 8,706
535
21
265
2
(25 ) (898 )
Foreign currency translation adjustments (200 ) —
—
—
—
—
—
(200 )
Allowance for loan losses, March 31, 2020 $ 362,629
$ 132,819
$ 16,530
$ 11,018
$ 26,822
$ 3,881
$ 3,304
$ 557,003



($ in thousands)		Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
		Commercial								Consumer						Total
		C&I		CRE						Residential Mortgage				Other Consumer
				CRE		Multi-Family Residential		Construction and Land		Single- Family Residential		HELOCs
Allowance for loan losses, beginning of period		$	205,503	$	39,811	$	19,280	$	22,961	$	32,763	$	6,177	$	4,130	$	330,625
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on loans	(a)	37,281		(3,213)		985		6,189		(2,877)		(326)		(160)		37,879

Gross charge-offs		(25,098)		(1,021)		—		—		(11)		—		(12)		(26,142)
Gross recoveries		1,648		1,896		42		21		60		5		7		3,679
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries		(23,450)		875		42		21		49		5		(5)		(22,463)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(465)		—		—		—		—		—		—		(465)
Allowance for loan losses, end of period		$	218,869	$	37,473	$	20,307	$	29,171	$	29,935	$	5,856	$	3,965	$	345,576



($ in thousands)		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
		Commercial								Consumer						Total
		C&I		CRE						Residential Mortgage				Other Consumer
				CRE		Multi-Family Residential		Construction and Land		Single- Family Residential		HELOCs
Allowance for loan losses, beginning of period		$	238,376	$	40,509	$	22,826	$	19,404	$	28,527	$	5,265	$	3,380	$	358,287
Impact of ASU 2016-13 adoption		74,237		72,169		(8,112)		(9,889)		(3,670)		(1,798)		2,221		125,158
Allowance for loan losses, January 1, 2020		312,613		112,678		14,714		9,515		24,857		3,467		5,601		483,445
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on loans	(a)	130,171		46,449		7,273		828		(2,659)		(20)		(3,197)		178,845
Gross charge-offs		(57,466)		(2,688)		—		—		—		(221)		(180)		(60,555)
Gross recoveries		3,395		10,371		1,820		58		424		47		94		16,209
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries		(54,071)		7,683		1,820		58		424		(174)		(86)		(44,346)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		308		—		—		—		—		—		—		308
Allowance for loan losses, end of period		$	389,021	$	166,810	$	23,807	$	10,401	$	22,622	$	3,273	$	2,318	$	618,252



($ in thousands)		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
		Commercial								Consumer						Total
		C&I		CRE						Residential Mortgage				Other Consumer
				CRE		Multi-Family Residential		Construction and Land		Single- Family Residential		HELOCs
Allowance for loan losses, beginning of period		$	189,117	$	40,666	$	19,885	$	20,290	$	31,340	$	5,774	$	4,250	$	311,322
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on loans	(a)	78,685		(6,127)		46		8,358		(1,528)		75		(259)		79,250

Gross charge-offs		(54,087)		(1,021)		—		—		(11)		—		(40)		(55,159)
Gross recoveries		5,612		3,955		376		523		134		7		14		10,621
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries		(48,475)		2,934		376		523		123		7		(26)		(44,538)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(458)		—		—		—		—		—		—		(458)
Allowance for loan losses, end of period		$	218,869	$	37,473	$	20,307	$	29,171	$	29,935	$	5,856	$	3,965	$	345,576

106

The following table ~~presents a summary of activities~~summarizes activity in the allowance for unfunded credit commitments for the third quarter and first ~~quarter~~nine months of ~~2020:~~2020and 2019:



		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)		2020		2019		2020		2019
Unfunded credit facilities
Allowance for unfunded credit commitments, beginning of period		$	28,972	$	13,019	$	11,158	$	12,566
Impact of ASU 2016-13 adoption		—		—		10,457		—

Provision for credit losses on unfunded credit commitments	(b)	111		405		7,468		858
Allowance for unfunded credit commitments, end of period		$	29,083	$	13,424	$	29,083	$	13,424

Provision for credit losses	(a) + (b)	$	10,000	$	38,284	$	186,313	$	80,108

($ in thousands) Three Months Ended
March 31, 2020
Unfunded credit facilities
Allowance for unfunded credit commitments, December 31, 2019 $ 11,158
Impact of ASU 2016-13 adoption 10,457
Allowance for unfunded credit commitments, January 1, 2020 21,615
Reversal of credit losses (786 )
Allowance for unfunded credit commitments, March 31, 2020 $ 20,829

Total provision for credit losses $ 73,870

~~The following table presents a summary of activities in the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for unfunded credit commitments for the first quarter of 2019:~~

($ in thousands) Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
Allowance for loan losses, beginning of period $ 311,322
Provision for loan losses (a) 20,640
Gross charge-offs:
Commercial:
C&I (17,244 )
Consumer:
Other consumer (14 )
Total gross charge-offs (17,258 )
Gross recoveries:
Commercial:
C&I 2,251
CRE:
CRE 222
Multifamily residential 281
Construction and land 63
Total CRE 566
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential 2
HELOCs 2
Total residential mortgage 4
Total gross recoveries 2,821
Net charge-offs (14,437 )
Foreign currency translation adjustments 369
Allowance for loan losses, end of period $ 317,894

Unfunded credit facilities
Allowance for unfunded credit commitments, beginning of period $ 12,566
Provision for credit losses (b) 1,939
Allowance for unfunded credit commitments, end of period $ 14,505

Total provision for credit losses (a) + (b) $ 22,579

The following table presents the Company’s credit quality ratios for the third quarter and first ~~quarters~~nine months of 2020 and 2019:



($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Average loans held-for-investment	$	37,157,095		$	33,661,077		$	36,485,980		$	33,023,468
Loans held-for-investment	$	37,437,129		$	34,024,976		$	37,437,129		$	34,024,976
Allowance for loan losses to loans held-for-investment	1.65		%	1.02		%	1.65		%	1.02		%
Annualized net charge-offs to average loans held-for-investment	0.26		%	0.26		%	0.16		%	0.18		%

($ in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019
Average loans held-for-investment $ 35,153,522
$ 32,414,467
Loans held-for-investment $ 35,893,393
$ 32,863,286
Allowance for loan losses on loans to loans held-for-investment 1.55 % 0.97 %
Annualized net charge-offs to average loans held-for-investment 0.01 % 0.18 %

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, the allowance for loan losses amounted to ~~$557.0~~$618.3 million or ~~1.55%~~1.65% of loans held-for-investment, compared with $358.3 million or 1.03%, and ~~$317.9~~$345.6 million or ~~0.97%~~1.02% of loans held-for-investment, as of December 31, 2019 and ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, respectively. The $260.0 million or 73% increase in the allowance for loan losses since December 31, 2019 was ~~largely due to~~primarily driven by deteriorating macroeconomic conditions and outlook as a ~~combination~~result of ~~factors:~~the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, the provision for credit losses for the first nine months of 2020 was $186.3 million, compared with $80.1 million for the first nine months of 2019. Additionally, the adoption of ASU 2016-13 ~~which~~ increased the allowance for loan losses by $125.2 million on January 1, 2020. The increase to the allowance for loan losses was partially offset by net charge-offs of $44.3 million for the first nine months of 2020.

The allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2020 was $618.3 million, a ~~deterioration~~decrease of $13.8 million from $632.1 million as of June 30, 2020. The quarter-to-date decrease in the ~~forecasted~~allowance for loan losses was primarily due to an improved macroeconomic ~~variables related~~outlook as of September 30, 2020, relative to June 30, 2020. This decreased the ~~impact of COVID-19 pandemic and~~expected lifetime loan ~~growth that resulted~~losses for the loan portfolio, supporting a modest reduction in ~~a $73.9 million increase in~~the allowance for loan losses. Accordingly, the provision for credit ~~losses.~~losses was $10.0 million for the third quarter of 2020, compared with $176.3 million for the first six months of 2020. The allowance for loan losses was also decreased by net charge-offs of $24.2 million for the third quarter of 2020.

While the baseline macroeconomic forecasts for the third and second quarters of 2020 both assumed the global recession beginning to recover from peak recessionary levels by the second quarter of 2020, followed by continued recovery in the second half of 2020, the third quarter forecast projected a sharper recovery in economic conditions. The macroeconomic forecast as of September 30, 2020 reflected slightly improved U.S. GDP growth and unemployment rate, versus the forecast as of June 30, 2020. Our estimate of the allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2020 was based on a probability weighting of the baseline, upside and downside scenarios. The baseline scenario was considered the “most-likely” outcome by management and is most heavily weighted. Overall, each scenario as of September 30, 2020 assumed less severe adverse economic impacts resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with June 30, 2020.

Third quarter 2020 gross charge-offs were $26.6 million, primarily from C&I loans, partially offset by gross recoveries of $2.4 million, resulting in net charge-offs of $24.2 million or an annualized 0.26% of average loans held-for-investment. Gross charge-offs for the first nine months of ~~$13.0~~2020 were $60.6 million, were primarily from C&I loans, ~~which were almost entirely~~partially offset by gross recoveries of $16.2 million, primarily from CRE ~~loans.~~loans, resulting in net charge-offs of $44.3 million, or an annualized 0.16% of average loans held-for-investment. C&I loan gross charge-offs intotaled $25.1 million and $57.5 million for the third quarter and first ~~quarter~~nine months of 2020, respectively, which included $22.1 million and $47.8 million of ~~$12.0 million, primarily resulted from our~~ oil ~~and~~& gas loan ~~portfolio.~~charge-offs during these respective periods.

107

As of September 30, 2020, PPP loans outstanding were $1.77 billion. As these loans are 100% guaranteed by SBA, the Company expects these loans will have zero expected loss. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2020, these loans had no related allowance for loan losses.

The allowance for unfunded credit commitments was ~~$20.8~~$29.1 million as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, compared with $11.2 million and ~~$11.2~~$13.4 million as of December 31, ~~2019. The allowance for unfunded credit commitments as of March 31, 2020 included a cumulative-effect adjustment due to the adoption of ASU 2016-13.~~2019 and September 30, 2019, respectively. The Company believes ~~that~~ the allowance for ~~credit~~loan losses as of ~~March~~September 30, 2020, December 31, ~~2020~~2019 and ~~December 31,~~September 30, 2019 was adequate.

The following table presents ~~the Company’s~~an allocation of the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment ~~and the ratio of each loan type to total loans held-for-investment~~ as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, ~~2019:~~

($ in thousands) March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019

Allowance
Allocation

% of
Allowance to
Total
Allowance

Loans as % of
Total Loans

Allowance
Allocation

% of
Allowance to
Total
Allowance

Loans as % of
Total Loans
Commercial:
C&I $ 362,629
65 % 35 % $ 238,376
67 % 35 %
CRE:
CRE 132,819
24 % 30 % 40,509
11 % 30 %
Multifamily residential 16,530
3 % 8 % 22,826
6 % 8 %
Construction and land 11,018
2 % 2 % 19,404
5 % 2 %
Total CRE 160,367
29 % 40 % 82,739
22 % 40 %
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:

Single-family residential 26,822
4 % 20 % 28,527
8 % 20 %
HELOCs 3,881
1 % 4 % 5,265
2 % 4 %
Total residential mortgage 30,703
5 % 24 % 33,792
10 % 24 %
Other consumer 3,304
1 % 1 % 3,380
1 % 1 %
Total $ 557,003
100 % 100 % $ 358,287
100 % 100 %

~~The allowance for loan losses increased $198.7 million or 55% from December 31,~~ 2019 ~~primarily driven by ASU 2016-13 adoption impact of $74.2 million in C&I and $72.2 million in CRE loans, as well as first quarter 2020 provision for C&I credit losses of $60.6 million mainly due~~(prior to the ~~significant deterioration in the economic outlook from the COVID-19 pandemic.~~adoption of ASU 2016-13):



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020								December 31, 2019
	Allowance Allocation		% of Allowance to Total Allowance		Loans as % of Total Loans		% of ACL to Loans		Allowance Allocation		% of Allowance to Total Allowance		Loans as % of Total Loans		% of ACL to Loans
Commercial:
C&I	$	389,021	63	%	36	%	2.92	%	$	238,376	67	%	35	%	1.96	%
CRE:
CRE	166,810		27	%	29	%	1.51	%	40,509		11	%	30	%	0.39	%
Multifamily residential	23,807		4	%	8	%	0.78	%	22,826		6	%	8	%	0.80	%
Construction and land	10,401		2	%	2	%	1.80	%	19,404		5	%	2	%	3.09	%
Total CRE	201,018		33	%	39	%	1.37	%	82,739		22	%	40	%	0.60	%
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential	22,622		3	%	21	%	0.29	%	28,527		8	%	20	%	0.40	%
HELOCs	3,273		1	%	4	%	0.22	%	5,265		2	%	4	%	0.36	%
Total residential mortgage	25,895		4	%	25	%	0.28	%	33,792		10	%	24	%	0.39	%
Other consumer	2,318		0	%	0	%	1.46	%	3,380		1	%	1	%	1.19	%
Total	$	618,252	100	%	100	%	1.65	%	$	358,287	100	%	100	%	1.03	%

Upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, allowance for loan losses for PCD loans is determined using the same methodology as other loans held-for-investment. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had no allowance for loan losses against $222.9 million of PCI loans.

Liquidity Risk Management

Liquidity

Liquidity is a financial institution’s capacity to meet its deposit and other counterparties’ obligations as they come due, or to obtain adequate funding at a reasonable cost to meet those obligations. The objective of liquidity management is to manage the potential mismatch of asset and liability cash flows. Maintaining an adequate level of liquidity depends on the institution’s ability to efficiently meet both expected and unexpected cash flows, and collateral needs without adversely affecting daily operations or the financial condition of the institution. To achieve this objective, the Company analyzes its liquidity risk, maintains readily available liquid assets and utilizes diverse funding sources including its stable core deposit base.

The Board of Directors’ Risk Oversight Committee has primary oversight responsibility. At the management level, the Company’s Asset/Liability Committee (“ALCO”) sets the liquidity guidelines that govern the day-to-day active management of the Company’s liquidity position. The ALCO regularly monitors the Company’s liquidity status and related management processes, and provides regular reports to the Board of Directors. These liquidity management practices have allowed the Company to effectively manage the market stress that began in the first quarter of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

108

Liquidity Risk — Liquidity Sources. The Company’s primary source of funding is from deposits generated by its banking business, which isare relatively stable and low-cost. Total deposits amounted to ~~$38.69~~$41.68 billion as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, compared with $37.32 billion as of December 31, 2019. The Company’s loan-to-deposit ratio was 90% and 93% as of ~~both March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, ~~2019.~~2019, respectively. In addition, the Company has access to various sources of wholesale funding, as well as borrowing capacity at the FHLB and ~~Federal Reserve Bank~~FRB of San Francisco ~~(“FRB”)~~ to sustain an adequate liquid asset portfolio, meet daily cash demands and allow management flexibility to execute its business strategy. Economic conditions and the stability of capital markets impact the Company’s access to and the cost of wholesale financing. The Company’s access to capital markets is also affected by the ratings received from various credit rating agencies. See Item 2 — MD&A — Balance Sheet Analysis — Deposits and Other Sources of Funds in this Form 10-Q for further detail related to the Company’s funding sources.

The Company’s liquid assets include cash and cash equivalents, interest-bearing deposits with banks, short-term resale agreements and AFS debt securities. The following table presents the Company’s liquid assets as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Encumbered		Unencumbered		Total		Encumbered		Unencumbered		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	4,506,941	$	4,506,941	$	—	$	3,261,149	$	3,261,149
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	—		699,465		699,465		—		196,161		196,161
Short-term resale agreements	—		650,000		650,000		—		400,000		400,000
AFS debt securities	710,391		3,828,769		4,539,160		479,432		2,837,782		3,317,214
Total	$	710,391	$	9,685,175	$	10,395,566	$	479,432	$	6,695,092	$	7,174,524

($ in thousands) March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Encumbered Unencumbered Total Encumbered Unencumbered Total
Cash and cash equivalents $ —
$ 3,080,042
$ 3,080,042
$ —
$ 3,261,149
$ 3,261,149
Interest-bearing deposits with banks —
293,509
293,509
—
196,161
196,161
Short-term resale agreements —
400,000
400,000
—
400,000
400,000
AFS debt securities 742,410
2,953,533
3,695,943
479,432
2,837,782
3,317,214
Total $ 742,410
$ 6,727,084
$ 7,469,494
$ 479,432
$ 6,695,092
$ 7,174,524

Unencumbered liquid assets totaled ~~$6.73~~$9.69 billion and $6.70 billion as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. AFS debt securities included as part of liquidity sources are primarily comprised of mortgage-backed securities and debt securities issued by U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, and municipal ~~securities, and foreign bonds.~~securities. The Company believes these AFS debt securities provide quick sources of liquidity to obtain financing, regardless of market conditions, through sale or pledging.

As a means of augmenting the Company’s liquidity, the Company maintains available borrowing capacity under secured borrowing lines with the FHLB and FRB, unsecured federal funds lines of credit with various correspondent banks, and several master repurchase agreements with major brokerage companies. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had available borrowing capacity of $17.46 billion. The Company believes that its liquidity sources are sufficient to meet all reasonably foreseeable short-term needs over the next 12 months

As of September 30, 2020, the Company’s available borrowing capacity with the FHLB and FRB was ~~$6.68~~$8.53 billion and ~~$2.91~~$4.65 billion, ~~respectively, as of March 31, 2020.~~respectively. Unencumbered loans and/or securities were pledged to the FHLB and FRB discount window as collateral. Eligibility of collateral is defined in guidelines from the FHLB and FRB and is subject to change at their discretion. The Bank’s unsecured federal funds lines of credit with correspondent banks, subject to availability, totaled ~~$875.0~~$976.0 million ~~with correspondent banks~~ as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020. Estimated borrowing capacity from unpledged AFS debt securities totaled ~~$2.51~~$3.31 billion as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020.

In ~~sum,~~connection with the Company’s participation in the PPP under the CARES Act, the Company has the ability to pledge loans it has originated under the SBA’s PPP program to the PPPLF and receives term funding matching the term of the pledged loans for the full balance of PPP loans held by the Company. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had ~~available borrowing capacity~~drawn down PPPLF borrowings totaling $1.43 billion. The Company repaid in full $1.43 billion of ~~$13.0 billion as of March 31, 2020, and~~ the ~~Company believes that its liquidity sources are sufficient to meet all reasonably foreseeable short-term needs over the next 12 months.~~

PPPLF borrowings in October 2020.

Liquidity Risk — Liquidity for East West. East West’s primary source of liquidity is from cash dividends distributed by its subsidiary, East West Bank. The Bank is subject to various statutory and regulatory restrictions on its ability to pay dividends as discussed in Item 1. Business — Supervision and Regulation — Dividends and Other Transfers of Funds of the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K. During the first ~~quarters~~nine months of 2020 and 2019, the Bank paid total dividends of ~~$211.0~~$511.0 million and ~~$40.0~~$140.0 million to East West, respectively.

109

Liquidity Risk — Liquidity Stress Testing. Liquidity stress testing is performed at the Company level, as well as at the foreign subsidiary and foreign branch levels. Stress testing and scenario analysis are intended to quantify the potential impact of a liquidity event on the financial and liquidity position of the entity. These scenarios include assumptions about significant changes in key funding sources, market triggers and potential uses of funding and economic conditions in certain countries. In addition, Company specific events are incorporated into the stress testing. Liquidity stress tests are conducted to ascertain potential mismatches between liquidity sources and uses over a variety of time horizons, both immediate and longer term, and over a variety of stressed conditions. Given the range of potential stresses, the Company maintains a series of contingency funding plans on a consolidated basis and for individual entities.

In response to recent developments relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company iscontinues to closely ~~monitoring~~monitor the impact of the pandemic on its business. The uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic and in its impact on the financial ~~service~~services industry ~~in general~~ could potentially impact the liquidity of the Company. The prolonged strained economic, capital, credit and/or financial market conditions may expose the Company to liquidity risk. Nevertheless, the Company believes that the market conditions have shown signs of improvement after the Federal Reserve stepped in with a broad array of actions to stabilize financial markets and lower borrowing costs. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, the Company was not aware of any material commitments for capital expenditures in the foreseeable future and believes it has adequate liquidity resources to conduct operations and meet other needs in the ordinary course of business. Given the uncertainty and the rapidly changing market and economic conditions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company will continue to actively evaluate the nature and extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business and financial position.

Consolidated Cash Flows Analysis

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the periods indicated, which may be helpful to highlight business strategies and ~~macro~~ trends. In addition to this cash flow analysis, the discussion related to liquidity in Item 7. MD&A — Risk Management — Liquidity Risk Management — Liquidity may provide a ~~more~~ useful context in evaluating the Company’s liquidity position and related activity.



($ in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	430,614	$	389,019
Net cash used in investing activities	(4,395,198)		(1,868,818)
Net cash provided by financing activities	5,257,100		1,533,223
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(46,724)		(12,520)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	1,245,792		40,904
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	3,261,149		3,001,377
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	4,506,941	$	3,042,281

($ in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 91,703
$ 139,241
Net cash used in investing activities (1,405,330 ) (118,681 )
Net cash provided by financing activities 1,119,028
749,370
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 13,492
14,018
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (181,107 ) 783,948
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 3,261,149
3,001,377
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 3,080,042
$ 3,785,325

Operating Activities —— Net cash provided by operating activities was ~~$91.7~~$430.6 million and ~~$139.2~~$389.0 million for the first ~~quarters~~nine months of 2020 and 2019, respectively. During the first ~~quarters~~nine months of 2020 and 2019, net cash provided by operating activities mainly reflected inflows of ~~$144.8~~$403.7 million and ~~$164.0~~$485.8 million from net income, respectively. During the first ~~quarter~~nine months of 2020, net operating cash inflows also benefited from ~~$105.3~~noncash adjustments of $273.2 million ~~of non-cash adjustments~~ to reconcile net income to net operating cash, as well as ~~$304.7 million of~~ net changes in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $217.0 million, partially offset by ~~$462.8 million of~~ net changes in accrued interest receivable and other ~~assets.~~assets of $465.2 million. The net changes in accrued interest receivable and other assets of $465.2 million during the first nine months of 2020 was primarily due to changes in derivative asset fair values. In comparison, during the same period in 2019, net operating cash inflows benefited from ~~$62.2~~noncash adjustments of $185.0 million ~~of non-cash adjustments~~ to reconcile net income to net operating cash, ~~which was offset by $60.8 million of~~as well as net changes in accrued expenses and other liabilities ~~and $27.6~~of $77.7 million, ofpartially offset by net changes in accrued interest receivable and other ~~assets.~~assets of $363.2 million.

Investing Activities — Net cash used in investing activities was ~~$1.41~~$4.40 billion and ~~$118.7 million~~$1.87 billion for the first ~~quarters~~nine months of 2020 and 2019, respectively. During the first ~~quarter~~nine months of 2020, net cash used in investing activities primarily reflected cash outflows of ~~$1.14~~$2.68 billion from loans held-for-investment, ~~$372.0 million~~$1.14 billion from AFS debt securities ~~$115.4~~and $368.0 million from interest-bearing deposits with ~~banks, and $27.6 million from net funding of investments in qualified affordable housing partnerships, tax credit and other investments.~~banks. The cash outflows from loans held-for-investment were primarily due to C&I, CRE and single-family residential loan growth during the first ~~quarter~~nine months of 2020. ~~These cash outflows used in investing activities were partially offset by cash inflows of $250.0 million from resale agreements.~~ During the same period in 2019, net cash used in investing activities primarily reflected cash outflows of ~~$465.0 million~~$1.68 billion from loans held-for-investment, ~~and $33.3~~$459.1 million from ~~net funding of~~AFS debt securities, and $103.3 million from investments in qualified affordable housing partnerships, tax credit and other ~~investments,~~investments. These cash outflows used in investing activities were partially offset by ~~a $245.4~~cash inflows of $204.5 million ~~increase in~~from interest-bearing deposits with banks and ~~net cash inflows~~$175.0 million from ~~AFS debt securities~~resale agreements for the first nine months of ~~$137.2 million.~~2019.

110

Financing Activities — Net cash provided by financing activities was ~~$1.12~~$5.26 billion and ~~$749.4 million~~$1.53 billion for the first ~~quarters~~nine months of 2020 and 2019, respectively. During the first ~~quarters~~nine months of 2020, net cash provided by financing activities primarily reflected net increases of ~~$1.37~~$4.27 billion in deposits, and ~~$40.0 million~~$1.44 billion in ~~short-term borrowings,~~PPPLF advances, partially offset by $146.0 million in shares repurchased ~~$100.0 million repayment of FHLB advances,~~ and ~~$41.4~~$119.2 million in cash ~~dividends.~~dividends paid. During the same period in 2019, net cash provided by financing activities primarily reflected a net ~~increase~~increases of ~~$800.1~~$1.25 billion in deposits and $418.0 million in ~~deposits,~~FHLB advances, partially offset by ~~$34.9~~$115.0 million in cash ~~dividends.~~dividends paid.

Market Risk Management

Market risk is the risk that the Company’s financial condition may change resulting from adverse movements in market rates or prices including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, interest rate contracts, investment securities prices, credit spreads, and related risk resulting from mismatches in rate sensitive assets and liabilities. In the event of market stress, the risk could have a material impact on our results of financial condition.

The Board’s Risk Oversight Committee has primary oversight responsibility. At the management level, the ALCO establishes and monitors compliance with the policies and risk limits pertaining to market risk management activities. Corporate Treasury supports the ALCO in measuring, monitoring and managing interest rate risk as well as all other market risks.

Interest Rate Risk Management

Interest rate risk results primarily from the Company’s traditional banking activities of gathering deposits and extending ~~loans, and~~loans; it is the primary market risk for the Company. Economic and financial conditions, movements in interest rates, and consumer preferences impact the level of noninterest-bearing funding sources at the Company, and affect the difference between the interest the Company earns on interest-earning assets and pays on interest-bearing liabilities. In addition, changes in interest rates can influence the rate of principal prepayments on loans and the speed of deposit withdrawals. Due to the pricing term mismatches and the embedded options inherent in certain products, changes in market interest rates not only affect expected near-term earnings, but also the economic value of these interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Other market risks include foreign currency exchange risk and equity price risk. These risks are not considered significant to the Company and no separate quantitative information concerning these risks is presented herein.

With oversight by the Company’s Board of Directors, the ALCO coordinates the overall management of the Company’s interest rate risk. The ALCO meets regularly and is responsible for reviewing the Company’s open market positions and establishing policies to monitor and limit exposure to market risk. Management of interest rate risk is carried out primarily through strategies involving the Company’s investment securities portfolio, loan portfolio, available funding channels and capital market activities. In addition, the Company’s policies permit the use of derivative instruments to assist in managing interest rate risk.

The interest rate risk exposure is measured and monitored through various risk management tools, which include a simulation model that performs interest rate sensitivity analyses under multiple interest rate scenarios. The model incorporates the Company’s cash instruments, loans, debt securities, resale agreements, deposits, borrowings and repurchase agreements, as well as financial instruments from the Company’s foreign operations. The Company incorporates both a static balance sheet and a forward growth balance sheet in order to perform these analyses. The simulated interest rate scenarios include a non-parallel shift in the yield curve (“rate shock”) and a gradual non-parallel shift in the yield curve (“rate ramp”). In addition, the Company also performs simulations using alternative interest rate scenarios, including various permutations of the yield curve flattening, steepening or inverting. Results of these various simulations are used to formulate and gauge strategies to achieve a desired risk profile within the Company’s capital and liquidity guidelines.

The net interest income simulation model is based on the actual maturity and ~~re-pricing~~repricing characteristics of the Company’s interest-rate sensitive assets, liabilities and related derivative contracts. It also incorporates various assumptions, which management believes to be reasonable but may have a significant impact on results. These assumptions include, but are not limited to, the timing and magnitude of changes in interest rates, the yield curve evolution and shape, the correlation between various interest rate indices, financial instrument future repricing characteristics and spread relative to benchmark rates, and the effect of interest rate floors and caps. The modeled results are highly sensitive to deposit decay and deposit beta assumptions, derived from a regression analysis of the Company’s historical deposit data. Deposit beta commonly refers to the correlation of the ~~change~~changes in interest rates paid on deposits to changes in benchmark market interest rates. The model is also sensitive to the loan and investment prepayment assumptions, based on an independent model and the Company’s historical prepayment data, which consider anticipated prepayments under different interest rate environments.

111

Simulation results are highly dependent on input assumptions. To the extent actual behavior is different from the assumptions in the models, there could be a material change in interest rate sensitivity. The assumptions applied in the model are documented and supported for reasonableness, and periodically back-tested to assess their effectiveness. The Company makes appropriate calibrations to the model as needed, continually refining the model, methodology and results. Changes to key model assumptions are reviewed by the ALCO. Scenario results do not reflect strategies that management could employ to limit the impact of changing interest rate expectations.

Since the federal funds rate range was lowered to near zero (between 0.00% and 0.25%) in March 2020 and the Federal Reserve has committed its resources to support the financial markets, business, and state and local governments, it is not expected that rates will decline further, nor is it expected that rates will enter into the negative territory. Consequently, the simulation results for the downward interest rate scenarios as of September 30, 2020 are not provided.

Twelve-Month Net Interest Income Simulation

Net Interest Income simulation modeling looks at interest rate risk through earnings. It projects the changes in interest rate sensitive asset and liability cash flows, expressed in terms of net interest income, over a specified time horizon for defined interest rates scenarios. Net interest income simulations generate insight into the impact of market rates changes on earnings and guide risk management decisions. The Company assesses interest rate risk by comparing net interest income using different interest rate scenarios.

The federal funds rate range was between 0.00% and 0.25% as of September 30, 2020 and between 1.50% and 1.75% as of December 31, 2019. After lowering the range to between 0.00% and 0.25% in March 2020, the Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) pledged to maintain monetary support for the economy. Moreover, in September 2020, the majority of FOMC members projected that the federal funds rate range will likely remain unchanged through 2022 to provide stimulus to the economy which continues to be strained from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The following table presents the Company’s net interest income sensitivity ~~as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019~~ related to an instantaneous and sustained non-parallel shift in market interest rates of 100 and 200 basis points in ~~both directions:~~

Change in Interest Rates
(Basis Points)
Net Interest Income Volatility ⁽¹⁾
March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
+200 12.8 % 13.2 %
+100 5.7 % 6.7 %
-100 (0.4 )% (5.5 )%
-200 (0.7 )% (8.7 )%


~~(1)~~	~~The percentage change represents net interest income over 12 months in a stable interest rate environment versus net interest income in the various rate scenarios.~~

~~The Company’s estimated twelve-month net interest income sensitivity~~upward direction as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 ~~was lower when compared with the sensitivity~~and in both directions as of December 31, ~~2019, for both the upward 100 and upward 200 basis point~~2019.



Change in Interest Rates (Basis Points)	Net Interest Income Volatility (1)
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
+200	15.0	%	13.2	%
+100	6.9	%	6.7	%
-100	NM		(5.5)	%
-200	NM		(8.7)	%

NM — Not meaningful.

(1)The percentage change represents net interest income over 12 months in a stable interest rate ~~scenarios. This reflects a greater rate of upward repricing~~environment versus net interest income in the Company’s deposit portfolio, which offsets simulated increases in interest income from higher interest rates on assets. The reduction in simulated increases in interest income is also impacted by the increase in the population of floatingvarious rate loans that are currently at their floors, which has increased under the current low interest rate environment. In both of the simulated downward interest rate scenarios, sensitivity is primarily decreased as a result of the 150 basis point reduction in the federal funds target rate range to 0.00% and 0.25% during March 2020.scenarios.

The Company’s net interest income profile as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 reflects an asset sensitive position. Net interest income would be expected to increase if interest rates rise and to decrease if interest rates ~~decline, albeit~~decline. The potential impact of rate decreases is somewhat muted due to the current low rate environment with the federal funds rate is floored atand the ~~target~~federal funds rate range between 0.00% and 0.25%. The Company is naturally asset sensitive due to the large share of variable rate loans in its loan portfolio, which are primarily linked to Prime and LIBOR indices. The Company’s interest income is vulnerable to changes in short-term interest rates. The Company’s deposit portfolio is primarily comprised of non-maturity deposits, which are not directly tied to short-term interest rate indices, but are, nevertheless, sensitive to changes in short-term interest rates.

The ~~federal funds target rate was between 0.00% and 0.25%~~Company’s estimated twelve-month net interest income sensitivity as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 ~~and between 1.50% and 1.75%~~was higher when compared with the sensitivity as of December 31, ~~2019. In its statement released on March 3, 2020, the Federal Open Market Committee decided to lower the target range~~2019, for the ~~federal funds~~upward 200 basis point rate toscenario, while the sensitivity remained relatively consistent for the upward 100 basis point rate scenario. This reflects a ~~range~~greater rate of between 1.00% to 1.25% and, on March 15, 2020, further announced its decision to lower the target range to 0.00% and 0.25%. The Fed deemed that the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic will weigh on economic activityupward repricing in the ~~near term~~Company’s rate sensitive assets which offsets simulated increases in interest expense from higher rates on deposits. While there has been an increase in the population of floating rate loans currently at rate floors under the current low rate environment, the combined impact from increases in cash and ~~pose risks to~~cash equivalents, noninterest-bearing deposits and a reduction in the ~~economic outlook.~~base case twelve-month net interest income resulted in the increased net interest income sensitivity for the upward interest rate scenarios.

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While an instantaneous and sustained non-parallel shift in market interest rates was used in the simulation model described in the preceding paragraphs, the Company believes that any shift in interest rates would likely be more gradual and would therefore have a more modest impact. The rate ramp table below shows the net income volatility under a gradual non-parallel shift upward and downward of the yield curve in even quarterly increments over the first twelve months, followed by rates held constant thereafter:



Change in Interest Rates (Basis Points)	Net Interest Income Volatility (1)
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
+200 Rate Ramp	5.9	%	6.0	%
+100 Rate Ramp	2.8	%	3.0	%
-100 Rate Ramp	NM		(2.6)	%
-200 Rate Ramp	NM		(5.1)	%

Change in Interest Rates
(Basis Points)
Net Interest Income Volatility⁽¹⁾
March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
+200 Rate Ramp 5.0 % 6.0 %
+100 Rate Ramp 2.2 % 3.0 %
-100 Rate Ramp (0.3 )% (2.6 )%
-200 Rate Ramp (0.4 )% (5.1 )%

NM — Not meaningful.


~~(1)~~	~~The percentage change represents net interest income under a gradual non-parallel shift in even quarterly increments over 12 months.~~

(1)The percentage change represents net interest income under a gradual non-parallel shift in even quarterly increments over 12 months.

The Company believes that the rate ramp table, shown above, when evaluated together with the results of the rate shock simulation, presents a ~~better~~more meaningful indication of the potential impact to the Company’s twelve-month net interest income in a rising and falling rate scenario. ~~Between March 31,~~During the first nine months of 2020, ~~and December 31, 2019,~~ the Company’s modeled sensitivity slightly decreased under a ramp ~~simulation.~~simulation under the upward interest rate scenarios.

Economic Value of Equity at Risk

Economic value of equity (“EVE”) is a cash flow calculation that takes the present value of all asset cash flows and subtracts the present value of all liability cash flows. This calculation is used for asset/liability management and measures changes in the economic value of the bank. The fair market values of a bank's assets and liabilities are directly linked to interest rates. ~~In some ways, the~~The economic value approach provides a comparatively broader scope than the net income volatility approach since it captures all anticipated cash flows.

EVE simulation reflects the effect of interest rate shifts on the value of the Company and is used to assess the degree of interest rate risk exposure. In contrast to the earnings perspective, the economic perspective identifies ~~risk~~risks arising from repricing or maturity gaps for the life of the balance sheet. Changes in economic value indicate anticipated changes in the value of the bank’s future cash flows. Thus, the economic perspective can provide a leading indicator of the bank’s future earnings and capital values. The economic valuation method also reflects those sensitivities across the full maturity spectrum of the bank’s assets and liabilities.

The following table presents the Company’s EVE sensitivity ~~as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019~~ related to an instantaneous and sustained non-parallel shift in market interest rates of 100 and 200 basis points in an upward direction as of September 30, 2020 and in both ~~directions:~~directions as of December 31, 2019:



Change in Interest Rates (Basis Points)	EVE Volatility (1)
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
+200	11.7	%	7.0	%
+100	5.8	%	3.6	%
-100	NM		(1.4)	%
-200	NM		(3.5)	%

Change in Interest Rates
(Basis Points)
EVE Volatility⁽¹⁾
March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
+200 11.2 % 7.0 %
+100 6.5 % 3.6 %
-100 (0.9 )% (1.4 )%
-200 (5.8 )% (3.5 )%

NM — Not meaningful.


~~(1)~~	~~The percentage change represents net portfolio value of the Company in a stable interest rate environment versus net portfolio value in the various rate scenarios.~~

(1)The percentage change represents net portfolio value of the Company in a stable interest rate environment versus net portfolio value in the various rate scenarios.

The Company’s EVE sensitivity for the upward interest rate scenarios increased as of ~~March 31, 2020. The sensitivity for the downward 100 basis points scenario decreased while the sensitivity for the downward 200 basis points scenario increased as of March 31,~~September 30, 2020, as compared with the results as of December 31, 2019. The changes in EVE sensitivity during this period were primarily due to the reduced base EVE, ~~and~~ the ~~change~~changes in level and shape of the yield ~~curve.~~curve and large increases in low and noninterest-bearing deposits.

The Company’s EVE profile as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 reflects an asset sensitive EVE ~~position.~~position under the upward interest rate scenarios. Given the uncertainty of the magnitude, timing and direction of future interest rate movements, and the shape of the yield curve, actual results may vary from those predicted by the Company’s model.

113

Derivatives

It is the Company’s policy not to speculate on the future direction of interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. However, the Company will ~~from time to time,~~periodically enter into derivative transactions in order to reduce its exposure to market risks, primarily interest rate risk and foreign currency risk. The Company believes that these derivative transactions, when properly structured and managed, may provide a hedge against inherent risk in certain assets and liabilities and against risk in specific transactions. Hedging transactions may be implemented using a variety of derivative instruments such as swaps, forwards and options. Prior to entering into any hedging activities, the Company analyzes the costs and benefits of the hedge in comparison to alternative strategies. In addition, the Company enters into derivative transactions in order to assist customers with their risk management objectives, primarily to manage exposures to fluctuations in interest rates, foreign currencies and commodity prices. To economically hedge against the derivative contracts entered into with the Company’s customers, the Company enters into mirrored derivative contracts with third-party financial institutions. The exposures from derivative transactions are collateralized by cash and/or eligible securities based on limits as set forth in the respective agreements entered between the Company and the financial institutions.

The Company is subject to credit risk associated with the counterparties to the derivative contracts. This counterparty credit risk is a multidimensional form of risk, affected by both the exposure and credit quality of the counterparty, both of which are sensitive to market-induced changes. The Company’s Credit Risk Management Committee provides oversight of credit risks and the Company has guidelines in place to manage counterparty concentration, tenor limits and collateral. The Company manages the credit risk of its derivative positions by diversifying its positions among various counterparties, entering into legally enforceable master netting arrangements and requiring collateral arrangements, where possible. The Company may also transfer counterparty credit risk related to interest rate swaps to institutional third parties through the use of credit risk participation agreements (“RPAs”). Certain derivative contracts are required to be centrally cleared through clearinghouses to further mitigate counterparty credit risk. The Company incorporates credit value adjustments and other market standard methodologies to appropriately reflect its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements of its derivatives.

Fair Value Hedges —~~— As of March 31, 2020, the~~ The Company had one and two cancellable interest rate swap contracts as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, with original terms of 20 ~~years.~~years each. These swap contracts involve the exchange of variable rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amounts. The changes in fair value of the hedged brokered certificates of deposit are expected to be effectively offset by the changes in fair value of the swaps throughout the terms of these contracts.

Cash Flow Hedges— As of September 30, 2020, the Company entered into two interest rate swap contracts designated to hedge against the risk of variable cash flow that the Company is exposed to from its variable interest rate borrowings, including repurchase agreements and FHLB advances. For cash flow hedges, the entire change in the fair value of the hedging instruments is recognized in AOCI and reclassified to earnings in the same period during which the hedged cash flows impact earnings.

Net Investment Hedges —— ASC 830-20, Foreign Currency Matters — Foreign Currency Transactions and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, allow hedging of the foreign currency risk of a net investment in a foreign operation. The ~~Company~~Bank entered into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge its investment in East West Bank (China) Limited, a non-U.S. dollar ~~(“USD”)~~ functional currency subsidiary in China. The hedging instruments designated as net investment hedges, involve hedging the risk of changes in the ~~USD~~U.S. dollar equivalent value of a designated monetary amount of the Company’s net investment in East West Bank (China) Limited, against the risk of adverse changes in the foreign currency exchange rate of the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, the outstanding foreign currency forwards effectively hedged approximately ~~92%~~50% of the RMB exposure in East West Bank (China) Limited. The fluctuation in foreign currency translation of the hedged exposure is expected to be offset by changes in the fair value of the forwards.

114

Interest Rate Contracts — The Company offers various interest rate derivative contracts to its customers. When derivative transactions are executed with its customers, the derivative contracts are offset by paired trades with third-party financial institutions including with central clearing organizations. Certain derivative contracts entered with central clearing organizations are settled-to-market daily to the extent the central clearing organizations’ rulebooks legally characterize the variation margin as settlement. Derivative contracts allow borrowers to lock in attractive intermediate and long-term fixed rate financing while not increasing the interest rate risk to the Company. These transactions are not linked to specific Company assets or liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet or to forecasted transactions in a hedging relationship and, therefore, are economic hedges. The contracts are marked-to-market at each reporting period. The changes in fair values of the derivative contracts traded with third-party financial institutions are expected to be largely comparable to the changes in fair values of the derivative transactions executed with customers throughout the terms of these contracts, except for the credit valuation adjustment component. The Company records credit valuation adjustments on derivatives to properly reflect the variances of credit worthiness between the Company and the counterparties, considering the effects of enforceable master netting agreements and collateral arrangements.

Foreign Exchange Contracts — The Company enters into foreign exchange contracts with its customers, consisting of forward, spot, swap and option contracts to accommodate the business needs of its customers. For the foreign exchange contracts entered into with its customers, the Company managed its foreign exchange exposure by entering into offsetting foreign exchange contracts with third-party financial institutions and/or entering into bilateral collateral and master netting agreements with customer counterparties to manage its credit exposure. The changes in the fair values entered with third-party financial institutions are expected to be largely comparable to the changes in fair values of the foreign exchange transactions executed with the customers throughout the terms of these contracts. The Company also utilizes foreign exchange contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments to mitigate the economic effect of fluctuations in certain foreign currency on-balance sheet assets and liabilities, primarily foreign currency denominated deposits offered to its customers. The Company’s policies permit taking proprietary currency positions within approved limits, in compliance with the proprietary trading exemption provided under Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). The Company does not speculate in the foreign exchange markets, and actively manages its foreign exchange exposures within prescribed risk limits and defined controls.

Credit Contracts — The Company may periodically enter into RPAs to manage the credit exposure on interest rate contracts associated with its syndicated loans. The Company may enter into protection sold or protection purchased RPAs with institutional counterparties. Under the RPA, the Company will receive or make a payment if a borrower defaults on the related interest rate contract. The Company manages its credit risk on the RPAs by monitoring the credit worthiness of the borrowers, which is based on the Company’s normal credit review process.

Equity Contracts —— As part of the loan origination process, ~~from time to time,~~ the Company ~~obtained~~periodically obtains warrants to purchase preferred and/or common stock of technology and life sciences companies to which it provides ~~loans to.~~loans. The warrants included on the Consolidated Financial Statements were from public and private companies.

Commodity Contracts — The Company ~~entered~~enters into energy commodity contracts with its customers to allow them to hedge against the risk of fluctuation in energy commodity prices. To economically hedge against the risk of fluctuation in commodity prices in the products offered to its customers, the Company enters into offsetting commodity contracts with third-party financial institutions including with central clearing organizations. Certain derivative contracts entered with central clearing organizations are settled to market daily to the extent the central clearing organizations’ rulebooks legally characterize the variation margin as settlement. The changes in fair values of the energy commodity contracts traded with third-party financial institutions are expected to be largely comparable to the changes in fair values of the energy commodity transactions executed with customers throughout the terms of these contracts.

Additional information on the Company’s derivatives is presented in Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K, Note 3 — Fair Value Measurement and Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Note 6 — Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q.

115

Impact of Inflation

The consolidated financial statements and related financial data presented in this report have been prepared according to GAAP, which require the measurement of financial and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering the change in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The primary impact of inflation on our operations is reflected in increased operating costs and the effect that ~~general~~ inflation may have on both short-term and long-term interest rates. Since almost all the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature, interest rates generally have a more significant impact on a financial institution's performance than do general levels of inflation. ~~Although~~While inflation expectations do affect interest rates, interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the prices of goods and services.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Company’s significant accounting policies and use of estimates ~~(for significant accounting policies and use of estimates of allowance for credit losses, see~~ ~~Note 2 — Current Accounting Developments and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies~~ ~~in this Form 10-Q and for all other significant accounting policies and use of estimates, see~~ ~~Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies~~ ~~of the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K)~~ are fundamental to understanding its results of operations and financial condition. Some accounting policies, by their nature, are inherently subject to estimation techniques, valuation assumptions and other subjective assessments. In addition, some significant accounting policies require significant ~~judgment~~judgments in applying complex accounting principles to individual ~~transactions to determine~~transaction and determining the most appropriate treatment. The Company has procedures and processes in place to facilitate making these judgments. For significant accounting policies and use of estimates of allowance for credit losses, see Note 2—Current Accounting Developments and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q; and for all other significant accounting policies and use of estimates, see Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K.

Certain accounting policies are considered to have a critical effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s judgment. Critical accounting policies are defined as those that require the most complex or subjective judgments and are reflective of significant uncertainties, and whose actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates. Future changes in the key variables could change future valuations and impact the results of operations. In each area, the Company has identified the most important variables in the estimation process. The Company has used the best information available to make the estimations necessary for the related assets and liabilities. The following accounting policies are critical to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements as they require management to make subjective and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain where actual results could differ materially from the Company’s estimates:

•fair value of financial instruments;

•allowance for credit losses;

•goodwill impairment; and

•income taxes.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

For detailed discussion and disclosure on new accounting pronouncements adopted and recent accounting pronouncements issued, see Note 2 — Current Accounting Developments and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

Supplemental Information — Explanation of GAAP ~~and~~to Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement the Company’s unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements presented in accordance with GAAP, the Company uses certain non-GAAP measures of financial performance. Non-GAAP financial measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative to GAAP. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s performance that either excludes or includes amounts that are not normally excluded or included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. A non-GAAP financial measure may also be a financial metric that is not required by GAAP or other applicable ~~requirement.~~requirements. The Company believes these non-GAAP financial measures, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP financial measures, provide meaningful supplemental information regarding its performance, and allow comparability to prior periods. These non-GAAP financial measures may be different from non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies, limiting their usefulness for comparison purposes.

During the second quarter of 2020, the Company prepaid $150.0 million of repurchase agreements and incurred a debt extinguishment cost of $8.7 million. During the first ~~quarter~~and second quarters of 2019, the Company recorded a $7.0 million pre-tax impairment charge and reversed certain previously claimed tax credits of $30.1 million related to DC ~~Solar.~~Solar, respectively.

116

The following tables present the reconciliations of GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures for the periods presented:



($ and shares in thousands, except per share data)		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2020			2019			2020			2019
Net income	(a)	$	159,537		$	171,416		$	403,713		$	485,820
Add: Impairment charge related to DC Solar (1)		—			—			—			6,978

Tax effect of adjustments (2)		—			—			—			(2,063)
Add: Reversal of certain previously claimed tax credits related to DC Solar		—			—			—			30,104
Non-GAAP net income	(b)	$	159,537		$	171,416		$	403,713		$	520,839

Diluted weighted-average number of shares outstanding		142,043			146,120			143,082			146,088

Diluted EPS		$	1.12		$	1.17		$	2.82		$	3.33
Diluted EPS impact of impairment charge related to DC Solar, net of tax		—			—			—			0.03

Diluted EPS impact of reversal of certain previously claimed tax credits related to DC Solar		—			—			—			0.21
Non-GAAP diluted EPS		$	1.12		$	1.17		$	2.82		$	3.57

Average total assets	(c)	$	50,247,259		$	43,136,273		$	47,753,030		$	41,815,490
Average stockholders’ equity	(d)	$	5,079,351		$	4,838,281		$	5,028,122		$	4,687,746
ROA (3)	(a)/(c)	1.26		%	1.58		%	1.13		%	1.55		%
Non-GAAP ROA (3)	(b)/(c)	1.26		%	1.58		%	1.13		%	1.67		%
ROE (3)	(a)/(d)	12.50		%	14.06		%	10.73		%	13.86		%
Non-GAAP ROE (3)	(b)/(d)	12.50		%	14.06		%	10.73		%	14.85		%

($ and shares in thousands, except per share data) Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019
Net income (a) $ 144,824
$ 164,024
Add: Impairment charge related to DC Solar ⁽¹⁾
—
6,978
Tax effect of adjustments ⁽²⁾
—
(2,063 )
Non-GAAP net income (b) $ 144,824
$ 168,939

Diluted weighted-average number of shares outstanding 145,285
145,921

Diluted EPS $ 1.00
$ 1.12
Diluted EPS impact of impairment charge related to DC Solar, net of tax —
0.04
Non-GAAP diluted EPS $ 1.00
$ 1.16

Average total assets (c) $ 44,755,509
$ 40,738,404
Average stockholders’ equity (d) $ 5,022,005
$ 4,537,301
ROA ⁽³⁾
(a)/(c) 1.30 % 1.63 %
Non-GAAP ROA ⁽³⁾
(b)/(c) 1.30 % 1.68 %
ROE ⁽³⁾
(a)/(d) 11.60 % 14.66 %
Non-GAAP ROE ⁽³⁾
(b)/(d) 11.60 % 15.10 %


~~(1)~~	(1)Included in Amortization of tax credit and other investments on the Consolidated Statement of Income.


~~(2)~~	~~Applied statutory rates of 28.35% for the first quarter of 2020 and 29.56% for the first quarter of 2019.~~


~~(3)~~	~~Annualized.~~

($ in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019
Net interest income before provision for credit losses (a) $ 362,707
$ 362,461
Total noninterest income 54,049
42,131
Total revenue (b) $ 416,756
$ 404,592

Total noninterest expense (c) $ 178,876
$ 186,922
Less: Amortization of tax credit and other investments (17,325 ) (24,905 )
Amortization of core deposit intangibles (953 ) (1,174 )
Non-GAAP noninterest expense (d) $ 160,598
$ 160,843

Efficiency ratio (c)/(b) 42.92 % 46.20 %
Non-GAAP efficiency ratio (d)/(b) 38.54 % 39.75 %

(2)Applied statutory rate of 29.56% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

(3)Annualized.



($ in thousands)		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2020			2019			2020			2019
Income tax expense	(a)	$	36,523		$	34,951		$	68,630		$	138,815
Less: Reversal of certain previously claimed tax credits related to DC Solar	(b)	—			—			—			(30,104)
Non-GAAP income tax expense	(c)	$	36,523		$	34,951		$	68,630		$	108,711

Income before income taxes	(d)	196,060			$	206,367		$	472,343		$	624,635

Effective tax rate	(a)/(d)	18.63		%	16.94		%	14.53		%	22.22		%
Less: Reversal of certain previously claimed tax credits related to DC Solar	(b)/(d)	—		%	—		%	—		%	(4.82)		%
Non-GAAP effective tax rate	(c)/(d)	18.63		%	16.94		%	14.53		%	17.40		%

117

($ and shares in thousands, except per share data) March 31,
2020 December 31,
2019 March��31,
2019
Stockholders’ equity (a) $ 4,902,985
$ 5,017,617
$ 4,591,930
Less: Goodwill (465,697 ) (465,697 ) (465,697 )
Other intangible assets ⁽¹⁾
(14,769 ) (16,079 ) (21,109 )
Non-GAAP tangible common equity (b) $ 4,422,519
$ 4,535,841
$ 4,105,124

Number of common shares at period-end (c) 141,435
145,625
145,501
Non-GAAP tangible common equity per share (b)/(c) $ 31.27
$ 31.15
$ 28.21


~~(1)~~	~~Includes core deposit intangibles and mortgage servicing assets.~~

~~104~~



($ in thousands)		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2020			2019			2020			2019
Net interest income before provision for credit losses	(a)	$	324,130		$	369,807		$	1,030,612		$	1,099,594
Total noninterest income		49,580			51,474			162,266			146,364
Total revenue	(b)	$	373,710		$	421,281		$	1,192,878		$	1,245,958





Total noninterest expense	(c)	$	167,650		$	176,630		$	534,222		$	541,215
Less: Amortization of tax credit and other investments		(12,286)			(16,833)			(54,370)			(58,477)
Amortization of core deposit intangibles		(927)			(1,148)			(2,811)			(3,474)
Repurchase agreements’ extinguishment cost		—			—			(8,740)			—
Non-GAAP noninterest expense	(d)	$	154,437		$	158,649		$	468,301		$	479,264

Efficiency ratio	(c)/(b)	44.86		%	41.93		%	44.78		%	43.44		%
Non-GAAP efficiency ratio	(d)/(b)	41.33		%	37.66		%	39.26		%	38.47		%



($ and shares in thousands, except per share data)		September 30, 2020		June 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
Stockholders’ equity	(a)	$	5,126,106	$	4,987,243	$	4,882,664
Less: Goodwill		(465,697)		(465,697)		(465,697)
Other intangible assets (1)		(12,369)		(13,490)		(17,435)
Non-GAAP tangible common equity	(b)	$	4,648,040	$	4,508,056	$	4,399,532

Number of common shares at period-end	(c)	141,507		141,486		145,568
Non-GAAP tangible common equity per share	(b)/(c)	$	32.85	$	31.86	$	30.22

(1)Includes core deposit intangibles and mortgage servicing assets.

118

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain matters discussed in this Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking information about us that is intended to be covered by the safe harbor for “forward-looking statements” provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical ~~facts.~~facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about the Company’s industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond the Company’s control, particularly with regard to developments related to the COVID-19 pandemic. These statements relate to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance or business. They usually can be identified by the use of forward-looking language, such as “likely result in,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “projects,” “intends to,” “assumes,” or may include other similar words or phrases, such as “believes,” “plans,” “trend,” “objective,” “continues,” “remains,” or similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs, such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may,” “might,” “can,” or similar verbs, and the negative thereof. You should not place undue reliance on these statements, as they are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those described in the documents incorporated by reference. When considering these forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind these risks and uncertainties, as well as any cautionary statements the Company may make. Moreover, you should treat these statements as speaking only as of the date they are made and based only on information then actually known to the Company.

There are a number of important factors that could cause future results to differ materially from historical performance and these forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences, some of which are beyond the Company’s control, include, but are not limited to

•the impact of disease pandemics, such as the ~~outbreak and~~ worldwide spread and a resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company, its operations and its customers, employees and ~~employees;~~the markets in which the Company operates and in which its loans are concentrated; and the measures that international, federal, state and local governments, agencies, law enforcement and/or health authorities implement to address it, which may precipitate or exacerbate one or more of the below-mentioned and/or other risks, and significantly disrupt or prevent the Company from operating its business in the ordinary course for an extended period;

•changes in governmental policy and regulation, including measures taken in response to economic, business, political and social conditions, such as the SBA’s PPP, the CARES Act and any similar or related rules and regulations, the Federal Reserve efforts to provide liquidity to the U.S. financial system, including changes in government interest rate policies, and to provide credit to private commercial and municipal borrowers, and other programs designed to address the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the resulting effect of all such items on the Company’s operations, liquidity and capital position, and on the financial condition of the Company’s borrowers and other customers;

•changes in the U.S. economy, including an economic ~~slowdowns~~slowdown or recession, inflation, deflation, housing prices, employment levels, rate of growth and general business conditions;

~~fluctuations in the Company’s stock price;~~

~~government intervention in the financial system, including changes in government interest rate policies;~~

~~changes in income tax laws and regulations;~~

•the changes and effects thereof in trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including the ongoing trade dispute between the U.S. and the People’s Republic of China;

•changes in the commercial and consumer real estate markets;

•fluctuations in the Company’s stock price;

•changes in income tax laws and regulations;

•the Company’s ability to compete effectively against other financial institutions in its banking markets;

•success and timing of the Company’s business strategies;

•the Company’s ability to retain key officers and employees;

•impact on the Company’s funding costs, net interest income and net interest margin from changes in key variable market interest rates, competition, regulatory requirements and the Company’s product mix;

•changes in the Company’s costs of operation, compliance and expansion;

•the Company’s ability to adopt and successfully integrate new technologies into its business in a strategic manner;

•impact of benchmark interest rate reform in the U.S. that resulted in the SOFR selected as the preferred alternative reference rate to the LIBOR;

•impact of a communications or technology disruption, failure in, or breach of, the Company’s operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties with whom the Company does business, including as a result of ~~cyber attacks;~~cyber-attacks; and other similar matters which could result in, among other things, confidential and/or proprietary information being disclosed or ~~misused;~~misused and materially impact the Company’s ability to provide services to its clients;

•adequacy of the Company’s risk management framework, disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting;

•future credit quality and performance, including the Company’s expectations regarding future credit losses and allowance levels;

•impact of adverse changes to the Company’s credit ratings from major credit rating agencies;

119

•impact of adverse judgments or settlements in litigation;

~~changes in the commercial and consumer real estate markets;~~

•changes in consumer spending and savings habits;

•impact on the Company’s international operations due to political developments, disease pandemics, wars or other hostilities that may disrupt or increase volatility in securities or otherwise affect economic conditions;

•changes in laws or the regulatory environment including regulatory reform initiatives and policies of the U.S. Department of Treasury, the ~~Board of Governors of the~~ Federal Reserve, ~~Board System,~~ the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the SEC, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, ~~and~~ the California Department of Business Oversight - Division of Financial ~~Institutions;~~Institutions, and SBA;

•impact of the Dodd-Frank Act on the Company’s business, business practices, cost of operations and executive compensation;

•heightened regulatory and governmental oversight and scrutiny of the Company’s business practices, including dealings with consumers;

•impact of reputational risk from negative publicity, fines and penalties and other negative consequences from regulatory violations and legal actions and from the Company’s interactions with business partners, counterparties, service providers and other third parties;

•impact of regulatory enforcement actions;

•changes in accounting standards as may be required by the ~~Financial Accounting Standards Board~~FASB or other regulatory agencies and their impact on critical accounting policies and assumptions;

•impact of other potential federal tax changes and spending cuts;

•the Company’s capital requirements and its ability to generate capital internally or raise capital on favorable terms;

•impact on the Company’s liquidity due to changes in the Company’s ability to receive dividends from its subsidiaries;

•any future strategic acquisitions or divestitures;

•continuing consolidation in the financial services industry;

•changes in the equity and debt securities markets;

•fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;

•a recurrence of significant turbulence or disruption in the capital or financial markets, which could result in, among other things, a reduction in the availability of funding or increases in funding costs, a reduction in investor demand for mortgage loans and declines in asset values and/or recognition of OTTI on securities held in the Company’s AFS debt securities portfolio; and

•impact of natural or man-made disasters or calamities, such as wildfires and earthquakes, which are particular to California, or conflicts or other events that may directly or indirectly result in a negative impact on the Company’s financial performance.

In addition to the risk factors enumerated above, the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic could cause actual outcomes to differ, possibly materially, from the Company’s forward-looking statements due to factors and future developments that are uncertain, unpredictable and in many cases beyond the Company’s control. Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts the Company will depend on future developments that are uncertain and unpredictable, including the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic and its impact on the Company’s customers, the actions taken by governmental authorities in response to the pandemic as well as its impact on global and regional economies, and the pace of recovery when the COVID-19 pandemic subsides, among others.

For a more detailed discussion of some of the factors that might cause such differences, see the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K under the heading Item 1A. Risk Factors and the information set forth under Item 1A. Risk Factors in this Form 10-Q. The Company does not undertake, and specifically disclaims any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of events or circumstances after the date of such statements except as required by law.

120

~~106~~

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

For quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding market risk in the Company’s portfolio, see Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements — Note 6 — Derivatives and Item 2. MD&A — Risk Management — Market Risk Management in Part I of this Form 10-Q.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Company conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020.

The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that the Company files under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Change in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There ~~have been~~were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

121

~~107~~

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

See Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements — Note 10 — Commitments and Contingencies — Litigation in Part I of this report, incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

~~The Company’s 2019~~In addition to the risk factor set forth below and the information set forth in this Form ~~10-K contains~~10-Q, you should carefully consider the disclosure regarding the risks and uncertainties related to the Company’s business under the heading Item 1A. Risk Factors.in the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K. There has been no material changes to the Company’s risk factors as presented in the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K, other than the risk factors set forth below:

The effects of the COVID-19 ~~disease~~ pandemic ~~will~~have had and may continue to impact the Company’s businesses, financial condition, liquidity, capital and results of operations, ~~and financial condition,~~ and the extent and duration of these impacts depend on future developments, which remain ~~uncertain.~~uncertain and cannot be predicted. ~~In December 2019,~~A second wave of the COVID-19 ~~was reported~~pandemic may have a similar or worse impact on the Company than the first wave, and a safe and effective vaccine may not become widely available for some time. The COVID-19 pandemic and governmental responses to the pandemic have had and will likely continue to have a severe impact on global economic conditions, including disruption and volatility in ~~China, which rapidly spread to other countries, including~~the financial markets, disruption of global supply chains, temporary closures or failures of businesses, increased unemployment, and the imposition of social distancing and restrictions on movement in the U.S. ~~In March 2020, the WHO characterized COVID-19 as a global pandemic~~ and recommended containment and mitigation measures. On January 31, 2020, the U.S. declared a national public health emergency, and the President announced a National Emergency on March 13, 2020. Many states and municipalities have declared emergencies as well. Along with these declarations, there have been extraordinary and wide-ranging actions undertaken by international, federal, state and local public health and governmental authorities to contain the outbreak and spread of COVID-19 across the world and in the U.S., including quarantines, “stay-at-home” orders and similar mandates for individuals to substantially restrict daily activities and for many businesses to curtail or cease normal operations. A significant outbreak of epidemic, pandemic, or contagious diseases in the human population could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the broader economies, financial markets and overall demand environment for the Company’s businesses.other countries.

East West Bank is considered an essential business in the ~~seven~~eight states where we have ~~branches.~~branches or office locations. As part of the CARES Act passed by Congress in March 2020, various initiatives to protect and support individuals, businesses and local economies, such as the SBA PPP and the Main Street Lending Program were established. The Company ~~participates~~participated in the SBA PPP, which was available until August 8, 2020, and ~~intends to participate~~is currently participating in ~~additional new government-sponsored programs, as they are enacted.~~facilitating the forgiveness process. Further, the Company is a participant in the Main Street Lending Program. In addition, to provide further relief to customers during these turbulent times, we are providing loan modifications and payment ~~accommodations~~deferrals for ~~certain small-to medium-sized business, nonprofit organization and consumer~~ customers impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and ~~pausing action on collections and~~deferring foreclosures on certain residential mortgage ~~loans. These initiatives and accommodations made~~loans consistent with state laws. Our loan portfolio includes loans that are in forbearance but which are not classified as TDRs due to ~~our customers are expected to negatively impact our revenue and results of operations~~the exclusions provided in the ~~near term~~CARES Act and iffederal banking regulators. In the future, we may be required to classify a portion of these loans as TDRs. In addition, the Company’s participation in and execution of measures taken by governments and regulatory authorities could subject us to increased governmental and regulatory scrutiny, negative publicity or increased exposure to litigation, which could increase our operational, legal and compliance costs and damage our reputation. There can be no assurance that the current or any new federal stimulus measures will improve the markets or economies in which we conduct operations. If the federal stimulus measures are not effective in mitigating the effect of the COVID-19 onpandemic, credit issues for our loan customers may be severe and adversely affect our business, ~~and~~ results of operations, and financial condition more substantially over a longer period of time.

~~Further,~~The Company has begun to implement its return to the office plan. A portion of our U.S. employees have returned to the office and have started their pre-pandemic routines, including business travel with safety guidelines. All of our employees in ~~order~~Asia are back to ~~facilitate our business~~the office. We have prepared all East West Bank facilities with employee safety protocols, including personal protection equipment, visual safety reminders related to social distancing, social distancing markers, temperature checks and ~~in response to enhanced safety measures,~~sanitary products. While the Company has consolidated certain branch locations in the U.S., resulting in temporary closure of certain branches, adjusted branch hours and implemented certain employee travel restrictions. In addition, we have implemented business continuity plans, which include shifting a majorityis reopening its offices, some of our corporate ~~and division~~ office ~~functions~~employees continue to work remotely ~~alternating workplace arrangements such as split~~or to work ~~sites and rotating shifts for certain employees to suit~~on a rotational schedule. However, a resurgence or a second wave of the ~~changing business requirements. To date, the business continuity plans work as designed and support our ongoing normal course of business. However,~~COVID-19 pandemic may negatively affect our ability to provide services ~~has been, and may continue to be, to some extent, negatively impacted by interruptions~~ due to increased illnesses ofamong our employees, quarantines, new “stay-at-home” orders or other restrictions on our employees, or the safety measures implemented to prevent illnesses of our employees, including the potential closure of particular branches and certain employees working remotely.

We may face increased cybersecurity risks due to the shifting of a majority of our corporate and division office functions to operating remotely in regions impacted by ~~stay-at-home~~“stay-at-home” orders. Increased levels of remote access may create additional opportunities for cybercriminals to attempt to exploit vulnerabilities, and our employees may be more susceptible to phishing and social engineering attempts due to increased stress caused by the crisis and from balancing family and work responsibilities at home. In addition, our technological resources may be strained due to the number of remote users.

122

The conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic could continue to adversely affect the ability of the Company’s borrowers to satisfy their ~~obligations, and because~~obligations. Taken into consideration that many of the Company’s loans are secured by real estate, a potential decline in real estate markets could further impact the Company’s business and financial condition and the credit quality of the Company’s loan ~~portfolio, hence potentially increasing~~portfolio. If unemployment continues to rise and our customers experience credit deterioration, including inability to pay their loans as they come due or a decrease in the value of collateral and/or higher than usual draws on outstanding lines of credit, our level of charge-offs and provision for credit ~~losses.~~losses could continue to increase. Further, the disruptions related to COVID-19 pandemic may decrease our borrowers’ confidence or with respect to purchasing real estate or homes and adversely affect the demand for the Company’s loans and other products and services, the valuation of our loans, securities, ~~and~~ derivatives portfolios, goodwill and intangible, the carrying value of our deferred tax assets, our capital levels and liquidity, and our results of operations.

In addition, ~~recent~~the unprecedented developments and reports relating to COVID-19 have ~~coincided with~~contributed to heightened volatility in financial markets in the U.S. and worldwide. ~~Our businesses and results~~The continuation of ~~operations are affected by the financial markets and general~~prolonged adverse economic conditions (including whether due to a resurgence or a second wave of COVID-19 infections) primarily in the U.S. and/or Greater China can be expected to have adverse effects on the Company’s businesses, results of operations and ~~Greater China.~~financial condition, which could have material impacts on the value of securities, derivatives and other financial instruments which the Company owns. The Company executes transactions with various counterparties in the financial industry, including ~~brokers and dealers,~~broker-dealers, commercial banks and investment banks. Defaults by financial services institutions and uncertainty in the financial services industry in general could lead to market-wide liquidity problems and may expose the Company to credit risk in the event of default of its counterparties or ~~clients.~~clients and further increase the possibility of downgrades in the Company’s credit ratings. This pandemic, and any further measures undertaken by governmental authorities to address it, could significantly disrupt or prevent us from operating our business in the ordinary course for an extended period, and thereby, and/or along with any associated economic and/or social instability or distress, have a ~~material~~significant adverse ~~impact~~effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, the earnings ~~impacts~~impact from recent and ~~future~~continued emergency interest rate cuts could further compress interest margins, which could potentially have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic and ~~any~~a resultant or prolonged economic downturn ~~impacts~~continue to impact our business, results of operations and financial ~~results~~condition is uncertain and will depend on numerous evolving factors that are outside our control and we may not be able to accurately predict, including the ~~duration~~scope, severity and ~~scope~~duration of the pandemic, ~~and~~ the governmental, business and individual actions ~~taken~~ in response to the pandemic, ~~and~~ the impact of those actions on global economic ~~activity.~~

~~PriceDeclines in Oil & Gas Sector May Adversely Affect Our Business.~~ ~~The fluctuations in~~activities, as well as the ~~oil and gas markets have generally been dependent upon~~pace of economic recovery when the prevailing view of future gas and oil prices, which are influenced by numerous supply and demand factors, including availability and cost of capital, global and domestic economic conditions, environmental regulations, policies of Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and Russia, geopolitics, U.S. consumer demand and consumption, transportation industry activity, and other factors. The COVID-19 pandemic ~~along with recent actions by Saudi Arabia and Russia, have led~~subsides. To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic continues to a significant decline in oil and gas prices. In consideration of any further price declines in this sector, we have increased our allowance for loan loss against the oil & gas loan portfolio. However, continuous volatility and downward pressure on oil and gas prices in the global market could lead to increased credit losses, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial ~~results. For a description~~condition, as well as global economic conditions more generally, it may also heighten many of ~~our oil and gas loan exposure, refer to~~ ~~Part 1. Item 2. MD&A~~ — ~~Balance Sheet Analysis~~ — ~~Loan Portfolio~~ — ~~Commercial~~ — ~~Commercial and Industrial Loans~~the other risk factors described in ~~this~~the Company’s 2019 Form ~~10-Q.~~10-K.

123

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities for the ~~three~~third quarter and first nine months ~~ended March 31, 2020.~~of 2020. The following table summarizes common stock repurchased by the Company under the Company’s common stock repurchase program for the ~~three~~first nine months ~~ended~~of 2020. There were no repurchased activities for the second and third quarters of 2020.



Period	Total Number of Shares Repurchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share of Common Stock		Total Number of Shares of Common Stock Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs ($ in millions) (2)
January 1, 2020 — January 31, 2020	—	$	—	—	$	500.0
February 1, 2020 — February 29, 2020	—	—		—	500.0
March 1, 2020 — March 31, 2020	4,471,682	32.64		4,471,682	354.0
April 1, 2020 — April 30, 2020	—	—		—	354.0
May 1, 2020 — May 31, 2020	—	—		—	354.0
June 1, 2020 — June 30, 2020	—	—		—	354.0
July 1, 2020 — July 31, 2020	—	—		—	354.0
August 1, 2020 — August 31, 2020	—	—		—	354.0
September 1, 2020 — September 30, 2020	—	—		—	354.0
Total	4,471,682	$	32.64	4,471,682	$	354.0

(1)Excludes activity of common stock pursuant to various stock compensation plans and agreements totaling $7.7 million.

(2)On March ~~31, 2020:~~3, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $500.0 million of the Company’s common stock. This $500.0 million repurchase authorization is inclusive of the Company’s $100.0 million stock repurchase authorization previously outstanding. The share repurchase authorization has no expiration date.

124

Period
Total Number of
Shares
Repurchased ⁽¹⁾

Average Price
Paid per Share of
Common Stock

Total Number of
Shares of Common
Stock Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs

Approximate
Dollar Value of
Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans or
Programs
($ in millions) ⁽²⁾
January 1, 2020 - January 31, 2020 —
$ —
—
$ 500.0
February 1, 2020 - February 29, 2020 —
—
—
500.0
March 1, 2020 - March 31, 2020 4,471,682
32.64
4,471,682
354.0
Total 4,471,682
$ 32.64
4,471,682
$ 354.0


~~(1)~~	~~Excludes activity of common stock pursuant to various stock compensation plans and agreements totaling $7.6 million.~~


~~(2)~~	On March 3, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $500.0 million of the Company’s common stock. This $500.0 million repurchase authorization is inclusive of the Company’s $100.0 million stock repurchase authorization previously outstanding. The share repurchase authorization has no expiration date.

~~109~~

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The following exhibit index lists Exhibits filed, or in the case of Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 furnished, with this report:


Exhibit No.						Exhibit Description


~~Exhibit No.~~						~~Exhibit Description~~

~~10.1~~


10.1						~~Form of~~ Amendment to Employment Agreement — Dominic Ng- Irene H. Oh Filed herewith.

10.2						~~Form of~~ Amendment to Employment Agreement — Douglas P. Krause-Catherine Zhou Filed herewith.

~~31.1~~

31.1						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith.

31.2						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith.

32.1						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Furnished herewith.

32.2						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Furnished herewith.

101.INS						The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.

101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. Filed herewith.

101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. Filed herewith.

101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. Filed herewith.

101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. Filed herewith.

101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. Filed herewith.

104						Cover Page Interactive Data (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101 filed herewith). Filed herewith.

* Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

125

~~110~~

GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS



AFS			Available-for-sale		~~LTV~~LGD		~~Loan-to-value~~Loss given default
ALCO			Asset/Liability Committee		LIBOR		London Interbank Offered Rate
AOCI			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		LTV		Loan-to-value
ARRC			Alternative Reference Rates Committee		MD&A		Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
~~AOCI~~ASC			~~Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)~~Accounting Standards Codification		MMBTU		Million British thermal unit
~~ARRC~~ASU			~~Alternative Reference Rates Committee~~Accounting Standards Update		Moody's		Moody’s Investors Service
~~ASC~~C&I			~~Accounting Standards Codification~~		~~NAV~~	~~Net Asset Value~~
~~ASU~~	~~Accounting Standards Update~~	~~OREO~~	~~Other real estate owned~~
~~C&I~~	Commercial and industrial	~~OTTI~~NAV		~~Other-than-temporary impairment~~Net asset value
CARES Act			~~The~~ Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act		~~PCD~~OREO		~~Purchased financial assets with credit deterioration~~Other real estate owned
CECL			Current expected credit ~~loss~~losses		~~PCI~~OTTI		~~Purchased credit impaired~~Other-than-temporary impairment
CET1			Common Equity Tier 1		PDPCD		Purchased credit deteriorated
CLO			Collateralized loan obligation		PCI		Purchased credit impaired
CME			Chicago Mercantile Exchange		PD		Probability of default
~~CLO~~COVID-19			~~Collateralized loan obligation~~Coronavirus Disease 2019		PPP		Paycheck Protection Program
~~CME~~CRA			~~Chicago Mercantile Exchange~~		~~RMB~~	~~Chinese Renminbi~~
~~CRA~~	Community Reinvestment Act	~~ROA~~PPPLF		Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility
CRE			Commercial real estate		RMB		Chinese renminbi
E&P			Exploration and production		ROA		Return on average assets
~~CRE~~EPS			~~Commercial real estate~~Earnings per share		ROE		Return on average equity
~~EPS~~ERM			~~Earnings per share~~Enterprise risk management		RPA		Credit risk participation agreement
~~ERM~~EVE			~~Enterprise Risk Management~~		~~RSU~~	~~Restricted stock unit~~
~~EVE~~	Economic value of equity	~~S&P~~RSU		~~Standard & Poor's~~Restricted stock unit
~~FHLB~~FASB			Financial Accounting Standards Board		S&P		Standard and Poor's
FHLB			Federal Home Loan Bank		~~SBLC~~SBA		Small Business Administration
Fitch			Fitch Ratings		SBLC		Standby letter of credit
~~Fitch~~FOMC			~~Fitch Ratings~~Federal Open Market Committee		SEC		U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
FRB			Federal Reserve Bank ~~of San Francisco~~		SOFR		Secured Overnight Financing Rate
FTP			Funds transfer pricing		TDR		Troubled debt restructuring
GAAP			Generally accepted accounting principles		U.S.		United States
HELOC			Home equity ~~lines~~line of credit		~~USD~~UER		~~U.S. dollar~~Unemployment rate
~~LCH~~ISDA			International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc.		USD		U.S. dollar
LCH			London Clearing House		VIE		Variable interest entity
~~LGD~~			~~Loss given default~~		~~WHO~~		~~World Health Organization~~
~~LIBOR~~	~~London Interbank Offered Rate~~

~~111~~

126

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated:

~~May 8,~~November 6, 2020

EAST WEST BANCORP, INC.

(Registrant)

/s/ IRENE H. OH

Irene H. Oh

Executive Vice President and

Chief Financial Officer

~~112~~

127


								Page
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION								3

							~~Page~~
~~PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION~~Item 1.			Consolidated Financial Statements			3

	~~Item 1.~~			~~Consolidated Financial Statements~~	3
		Consolidated Balance Sheet (Unaudited)	3
						Consolidated Statement of Income (Unaudited)		4
						Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)		5
						Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)		6
						Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited)		7
						Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)		9
						1 — Basis of Presentation		9
						2 — Current Accounting Developments and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies		10
						3 — Fair Value Measurement and Fair Value of Financial Instruments		14
						4 — Securities Purchased under Resale Agreements and Sold under Repurchase Agreements		24
						5 — Securities		25
						6 — Derivatives		2829
						7 — Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses		3536
						8 — Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Partnerships, Tax Credit and Other Investments, Net and Variable Interest Entities		4951
						9 — Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets		5153
						10 — Commitments and Contingencies		5255
						11 — Revenue from Contracts with Customers		5456

						12 — Stock Compensation Plans		5558
						13 — Stockholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Share		5760
						14 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		5860
						15 — Business Segments		5862
						16 — Subsequent Events		6064

			Item 2.			Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		6165










			Item 3.			Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		~~107~~121

			Item 4.			Controls and Procedures		~~107~~121


PART II — OTHER INFORMATION								~~108~~122

			Item 1.			Legal Proceedings		~~108~~122
			Item 1A.			Risk Factors		~~108~~122
			Item 2.			Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		~~109~~124



			Item 6.			Exhibits		~~110~~125

GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS								~~111~~126

SIGNATURE								~~112~~127



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income	$	159,537	$	171,416	$	403,713	$	485,820
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Net changes in unrealized gains on AFS debt securities	4,634		11,863		49,903		62,901
Net changes in unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges	87		0		(1,246)		0
Foreign currency translation adjustments	5,459		(2,858)		3,065		(5,694)
Other comprehensive income	10,180		9,005		51,722		57,207
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	169,717	$	180,421	$	455,435	$	543,027




	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Net income	$	144,824		$	164,024
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Net changes in unrealized gains on AFS debt securities	27,453			22,011
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(2,164		)	3,180
Other comprehensive income	25,289			25,191
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	170,113		$	189,215




	Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital				Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			AOCI, Net of Tax			Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares		Amount		Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			AOCI, Net of Tax			Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, January 1, 2019	144,961,363		$	1,789,977	$	3,160,132		$	(467,961	)	$	(58,174	)	$	4,423,974
Cumulative-effect of change in accounting principle related to leases ⁽¹⁾	—		—		14,668			—			—			14,668
Net income	—		—		164,024			—			—			164,024
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—			—			25,191			25,191
Warrants exercised	180,226		1,711		—			2,732			—			4,443
Net activity of common stock pursuant to various stock compensation plans and agreements	359,712		7,436		—			(14,036		)	—			(6,600		)
Cash dividends on common stock ($0.23 per share)	—		—		(33,770		)	—			—			(33,770		)
BALANCE, MARCH 31, 2019	145,501,301		$	1,799,124	$	3,305,054		$	(479,265	)	$	(32,983	)	$	4,591,930
Balance, January 1, 2020	145,625,385		$	1,826,512	$	3,689,377		$	(479,864	)	$	(18,408	)	$	5,017,617
Cumulative-effect of change in accounting principle related to credit losses ⁽²⁾	—		—		(97,967		)	—			—			(97,967		)
Net income	—		—		144,824			—			—			144,824
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—			—			25,289			25,289
Net activity of common stock pursuant to various stock compensation plans and agreements	281,396		7,272		—			(7,609		)	—			(337		)
Repurchase of common stock pursuant to the Stock Repurchase Program	(4,471,682	)	—		—			(145,966		)	—			(145,966		)
Cash dividends on common stock ($0.275 per share)	—		—		(40,475		)	—			—			(40,475		)
BALANCE, MARCH 31, 2020	141,435,099		$	1,833,784	$	3,695,759		$	(633,439	)	$	6,881		$	4,902,985




	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	144,824		$	164,024
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	31,186			39,498
Accretion of discount and amortization of premiums, net	(4,519		)	(4,414		)
Stock compensation costs	7,209			7,444
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	28			(406		)
Provision for credit losses	73,870			22,579
Net gains on sales of loans	(950		)	(915		)
Net gains on sales of AFS debt securities	(1,529		)	(1,561		)
Net loss on sales of fixed assets	3			—
Loans held-for-sale:
Originations and purchases	(5,802		)	(2,167		)
Proceeds from sales and paydowns/payoffs of loans originally classified as held-for-sale	4,657			2,454
Proceeds from distributions received from equity method investees	973			1,150
Net change in accrued interest receivable and other assets	(462,766		)	(27,639		)
Net change in accrued expenses and other liabilities	304,680			(60,806		)
Other net operating activities	(161		)	—
Total adjustments	(53,121		)	(24,783		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	91,703			139,241
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Net (increase) decrease in:
Investments in qualified affordable housing partnerships, tax credit and other investments	(27,581		)	(33,261		)
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	(115,419		)	245,375
Resale agreements:
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities	250,000			—
AFS debt securities:
Proceeds from sales	306,463			151,339
Proceeds from repayments, maturities and redemptions	308,620			55,712
Purchases	(987,130		)	(69,805		)
Loans held-for-investment:
Proceeds from sales of loans originally classified as held-for-investment	110,945			92,887
Purchases	(133,185		)	(147,938		)
Other changes in loans held-for-investment, net	(1,116,358		)	(409,930		)
Premises and equipment:
Purchases	(916		)	(3,336		)
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned (“OREO”)	295			—
Proceeds from distributions received from equity method investees	374			1,005
Other net investing activities	(1,438		)	(729		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,405,330		)	(118,681		)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net increase in deposits	1,374,287			800,053
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings	39,962			(19,514		)
FHLB advances:
Proceeds	—			300,000
Repayment	(99,999		)	(282,000		)
Repayment of long-term debt and lease liabilities	(289		)	(217		)
Common stock:
Repurchase of common stock pursuant to the Stock Repurchase Program	(145,966		)	—
Stocks tendered for payment of withholding taxes	(7,609		)	(14,036		)
Cash dividends paid	(41,358		)	(34,916		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,119,028			749,370
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	13,492			14,018
NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(181,107		)	783,948
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD	3,261,149			3,001,377
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD	$	3,080,042		$	3,785,325



	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	503,376	$	536,221
Interest-bearing cash with banks	4,003,565		2,724,928
Cash and cash equivalents	4,506,941		3,261,149
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	699,465		196,161
Securities purchased under resale agreements (“resale agreements”)	1,210,000		860,000
Securities:
Available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities, at fair value (amortized cost of $4,471,694 in 2020 and $3,320,648 in 2019; includes assets pledged as collateral of $710,391 in 2020 and $479,432 in 2019)	4,539,160		3,317,214
Restricted equity securities, at cost	79,172		78,580
Loans held-for-sale	4,148		434
Loans held-for-investment (net of allowance for loan losses of $618,252 in 2020 and $358,287 in 2019; includes assets pledged as collateral of $27,059,316 in 2020 and $22,431,092 in 2019)	36,818,877		34,420,252
Investments in qualified affordable housing partnerships, net	192,913		207,037
Investments in tax credit and other investments, net	254,512		254,140
Premises and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation of $125,198 in 2020 and $116,790 in 2019)	107,506		118,364
Goodwill	465,697		465,697
Operating lease right-of-use assets	96,092		99,973
Other assets	1,396,994		917,095
TOTAL	$	50,371,477	$	44,196,096
LIABILITIES
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$	14,924,917	$	11,080,036
Interest-bearing	26,755,638		26,244,223
Total deposits	41,680,555		37,324,259
Short-term borrowings	59,613		28,669

Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances	657,185		745,915
Securities sold under repurchase agreements (“repurchase agreements”)	348,063		200,000
Long-term debt and finance lease liabilities	1,579,317		152,270
Operating lease liabilities	103,673		108,083
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	816,965		619,283
Total liabilities	45,245,371		39,178,479
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 10)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 167,165,246 and 166,621,959 shares issued in 2020 and 2019, respectively	167		167
Additional paid-in capital	1,850,396		1,826,345
Retained earnings	3,875,715		3,689,377
Treasury stock, at cost — 25,657,816 shares in 2020 and 20,996,574 shares in 2019	(633,486)		(479,864)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”), net of tax	33,314		(18,408)
Total stockholders’ equity	5,126,106		5,017,617
TOTAL	$	50,371,477	$	44,196,096




	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	427,415		$	536,221
Interest-bearing cash with banks	2,652,627			2,724,928
Cash and cash equivalents	3,080,042			3,261,149
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	293,509			196,161
Securities purchased under resale agreements (“resale agreements”)	860,000			860,000
Securities:
Available-for-sale (''AFS'') debt securities, at fair value (amortized cost of $3,660,413 in 2020; includes assets pledged as collateral of $742,410 in 2020 and $479,432 in 2019)	3,695,943			3,317,214
Restricted equity securities, at cost	78,745			78,580
Loans held-for-sale	1,594			434
Loans held-for-investment (net of allowance for loan losses of $557,003 in 2020 and $358,287 in 2019; includes assets pledged as collateral of $23,107,287 in 2020 and $22,431,092 in 2019)	35,336,390			34,420,252
Investments in qualified affordable housing partnerships, net	198,653			207,037
Investments in tax credit and other investments, net	268,330			254,140
Premises and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation of $120,156 in 2020 and $116,790 in 2019)	115,393			118,364
Goodwill	465,697			465,697
Operating lease right-of-use assets	101,381			99,973
Other assets	1,452,868			917,095
TOTAL	$	45,948,545		$	44,196,096
LIABILITIES
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$	11,833,397		$	11,080,036
Interest-bearing	26,853,561			26,244,223
Total deposits	38,686,958			37,324,259
Short-term borrowings	66,924			28,669
Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances	646,336			745,915
Securities sold under repurchase agreements (“repurchase agreements”)	450,000			200,000
Long-term debt and finance lease liabilities	152,162			152,270
Operating lease liabilities	109,356			108,083
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	933,824			619,283
Total liabilities	41,045,560			39,178,479
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 10)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 167,091,420 and 166,621,959 shares issued in 2020 and 2019, respectively	167			167
Additional paid-in capital	1,833,617			1,826,345
Retained earnings	3,695,759			3,689,377
Treasury stock, at cost — 25,656,321 shares in 2020 and 20,996,574 shares in 2019	(633,439		)	(479,864		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCI”), net of tax	6,881			(18,408		)
Total stockholders’ equity	4,902,985			5,017,617
TOTAL	$	45,948,545		$	44,196,096


~~(2)~~	~~Represents the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13,~~ ~~Financial Instruments - Credit Losses~~ ~~(Topic 326) in the first quarter of 2020. Refer to~~ ~~Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies~~ ~~to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“this Form 10-Q”) for additional information.~~



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020

	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets		Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amounts of Assets Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Assets										Net Amount
							Collateral Received
Resale agreements	$	1,210,000	$	0	$	1,210,000	$	(1,204,933)	(1)	$	5,067

	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Liabilities										Net Amount
							Collateral Pledged
Repurchase agreements	$	348,063	$	0	$	348,063	$	(330,600)	(2)	$	17,463


~~(1)~~	Represents the fair value of securities the Company has received under resale agreements, limited for table presentation purposes to the amount of the recognized asset due from each counterparty. The application of collateral cannot reduce the net position below zero. Therefore, excess collateral, if any, is not reflected above.



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
AFS debt securities:
U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise debt securities	$	336,399	$	(2,410)	$	0	$	0	$	336,399	$	(2,410)
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	224,593		(4,194)		10,456		(67)		235,049		(4,261)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	62,150		(1,057)		0		0		62,150		(1,057)
Municipal securities	151,283		(1,346)		0		0		151,283		(1,346)
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	66,469		(1,210)		7,907		(13)		74,376		(1,223)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	135,192		(475)		0		0		135,192		(475)
Corporate debt securities	145,134		(866)		9,463		(537)		154,597		(1,403)
Foreign government bonds	102,350		(1,534)		0		0		102,350		(1,534)
Asset-backed securities	0		0		63,148		(1,160)		63,148		(1,160)
CLOs	283,422		(10,578)		0		0		283,422		(10,578)
Total AFS debt securities	$	1,506,992	$	(23,670)	$	90,974	$	(1,777)	$	1,597,966	$	(25,447)




($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due within one year	$	588,392	$	590,461
Due after one year through five years	314,312		319,938
Due after five years through ten years	240,566		252,057
Due after ten years	2,517,143		2,533,487
Total AFS debt securities	$	3,660,413	$	3,695,943


~~(1)~~	The Company held equity contracts in 2 public companies and 18 private companies as of March 31, 2020. In comparison, the Company held equity contracts in 3 public companies and 18 private companies as of December 31, 2019.




($ in thousands)	Carrying Value ⁽¹⁾						Cumulative Fair Value Adjustment ⁽²⁾
($ in thousands)	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019			March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Certificates of deposit	$	(30,441	)	$	(29,080	)	$	243	$	1,604


~~(1)~~	~~Represents the full carrying amount of the hedged certificates of deposit.~~


~~(2)~~	~~For liabilities, (increase) decrease to carrying value.~~



($ in thousands)	Carrying Value (1)				Cumulative Fair Value Adjustment (2)
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Certificates of deposit	$	(14,874)	$	(29,080)	$	(2)	$	1,604



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020
	Customer Counterparty						($ in thousands)	Financial Counterparty
	Notional Amount		Fair Value					Notional Amount		Fair Value
			Assets		Liabilities					Assets		Liabilities
Written options	$	816,659	$	0	$	64	Purchased options	$	816,659	$	65	$	0
Sold collars and corridors	510,489		9,051		0		Collars and corridors	510,489		0		9,107
Swaps	7,464,057		556,237		0		Swaps	7,495,629		1,218		361,025
Total	$	8,791,205	$	565,288	$	64	Total	$	8,822,777	$	1,283	$	370,132



($ and units in thousands)	September 30, 2020
	Customer Counterparty						($ and units in thousands)	Financial Counterparty
	Notional Unit		Fair Value					Notional Unit		Fair Value
			Assets		Liabilities					Assets		Liabilities
Crude oil:							Crude oil:
Written options	0	Barrels	$	0	$	0	Purchased options	0	Barrels	$	0	$	0
Collars	1,390	Barrels	18		12,245		Collars	1,544	Barrels	12,946		943
Swaps	4,710	Barrels	3,635		36,622		Swaps	4,759	Barrels	21,336		2,991
Total	6,100		$	3,653	$	48,867	Total	6,303		$	34,282	$	3,934

Natural gas:							Natural gas:
Written options	973	MMBTUs	$	0	$	116	Purchased options	963	MMBTUs	$	115	$	0
Collars	14,761	MMBTUs	3,705		0		Collars	18,111	MMBTUs	0		3,046
Swaps	94,606	MMBTUs	42,231		26,055		Swaps	102,263	MMBTUs	26,043		36,855
Total	110,340		$	45,936	$	26,171	Total	121,337		$	26,158	$	39,901

Total			$	49,589	$	75,038	Total			$	60,440	$	43,835




($ and units in thousands)	March 31, 2020
	Customer Counterparty						($ and units in thousands)	Financial Counterparty
	Notional Unit		Fair Value					Notional Unit		Fair Value
	Notional Unit		Assets		Liabilities			Notional Unit		Assets		Liabilities
Crude oil:							Crude oil:
Written options	24	Barrels	$	—	$	681	Purchased options	24	Barrels	$	681	$	—
Collars	2,522	Barrels	13		46,210		Collars	2,859	Barrels	49,546		3,732
Swaps	4,192	Barrels	789		87,097		Swaps	4,294	Barrels	54,366		2,408
Total	6,738		$	802	$	133,988	Total	7,177		$	104,593	$	6,140

Natural gas:							Natural gas:
Written options	420	MMBTUs	$	—	$	43	Purchased Options	410	MMBTUs	$	22	$	—
Collars	14,201	MMBTUs	541		1,364		Collars	14,291	MMBTUs	996		403
Swaps	46,675	MMBTUs	25,791		31,732		Swaps	46,500	MMBTUs	30,818		25,618
Total	61,296		$	26,332	$	33,139	Total	61,201		$	31,836	$	26,021
Total			$	27,134	$	167,127	Total			$	136,429	$	32,161



($ in thousands)	Classification on Consolidated Statement of Income	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2020		2019		2020		2019
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts	Interest rate contracts and other derivative income	$	(3,013)	$	(2,738)	$	(15,385)	$	(5,876)
Foreign exchange contracts	Foreign exchange income	5,255		5,306		14,317		15,127
Credit contracts	Interest rate contracts and other derivative income	26		(3)		(72)		44
Equity contracts	Lending fees	3,592		(442)		11,971		725
Commodity contracts	Interest rate contracts and other derivative income	34		14		(13)		(4)
Net gains		$	5,894	$	2,137	$	10,818	$	10,016



($ in thousands)	As of September 30, 2020

	Gross Amounts Recognized (1)		Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet				Net Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amount
			Master Netting Arrangements		Cash Collateral Received (3)				Security Collateral Received (5)
Derivative assets	$	708,610	$	(104,456)	$	(5,240)	$	598,914	$	(8,647)	$	590,267

	Gross Amounts Recognized (2)		Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet				Net Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amount
			Master Netting Arrangements		Cash Collateral Pledged (4)				Security Collateral Pledged (5)
Derivative liabilities	$	506,019	$	(104,456)	$	(97,675)	$	303,888	$	(262,165)	$	41,723



($ in thousands)	As of March 31, 2020																		($ in thousands)					As of December 31, 2019
	Gross Amounts Recognized ⁽¹⁾		Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet						Net Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet				Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet				Net Amount
			Master Netting Arrangements			Cash Collateral Received ⁽³⁾						Security Collateral Received ⁽⁵⁾										Gross Amounts Recognized (1)				Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet						Net Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet			Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet			Net Amount
																									Master Netting Arrangements			Cash Collateral Received (3)						Security Collateral Received (5)
	$	834,204	$	(158,674	)	$	(20,100	)		$	655,430			$	(29,103			)	$	626,327					Derivative assets		$	330,316	$	(121,561)			$	(3,758)		$	204,997		$	0	$	204,997

	Gross Amounts Recognized ⁽²⁾		Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet						Net Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet				Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet				Net Amount							Gross Amounts Recognized (2)			Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet						Net Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet			Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet			Net Amount
			Master Netting Arrangements			Cash Collateral Pledged ⁽⁴⁾						Security Collateral Pledged ⁽⁵⁾									Master Netting Arrangements						Cash Collateral Pledged (4)				Security Collateral Pledged (5)
Derivative liabilities	$	658,515	$	(158,674	)	$	(84,427	)		$	415,414			$	(232,940	)						$	182,474		Derivative liabilities		$	256,528	$	(121,561)			$	(38,238)		$	96,729		$	(79,619)	$	17,110


~~(3)~~	Gross cash collateral received under master netting arrangements or similar agreements were $20.1 million and $3.8 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Of the gross cash collateral received, $20.1 million and $3.8 million were used to offset against derivative assets, respectively, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.


~~(4)~~	Gross cash collateral pledged under master netting arrangements or similar agreements were $89.8 million and $43.0 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Of the gross cash collateral pledged, $84.4 million and $38.2 million were used to offset against derivative liabilities, respectively, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.


~~(5)~~	Represents the fair value of security collateral received and pledged limited to derivative assets and liabilities that are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements. GAAP does not permit the netting of non-cash collateral on the consolidated balance sheet but requires disclosure of such amounts.


~~(1)~~	~~Includes net deferred loan fees, unearned fees, unamortized premiums and unaccreted discounts of $(50.3) million and $(43.2) million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.~~



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020
	Term Loans												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total


	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior
Commercial:
C&I:
Pass	$	3,445,214	$	1,746,325	$	674,022	$	361,648	$	72,914	$	140,094	$	5,954,875	$	9,735	$	12,404,827
Special mention	5,466		55,742		103,052		11,576		129		2,085		234,394		0		412,444
Substandard	42,386		95,152		30,772		24,972		6,254		6,004		281,302		0		486,842
Doubtful	6		0		0		0		905		0		0		0		911

Total C&I	3,493,072		1,897,219		807,846		398,196		80,202		148,183		6,470,571		9,735		13,305,024

CRE:
Pass	1,774,436		2,718,564		2,268,952		1,260,364		784,464		1,559,165		188,182		19,065		10,573,192
Special mention	3,593		51,598		56,943		84,362		1,600		81,431		0		0		279,527
Substandard	25,431		58,561		14,289		43,895		509		42,583		0		0		185,268


Total CRE	1,803,460		2,828,723		2,340,184		1,388,621		786,573		1,683,179		188,182		19,065		11,037,987
Multifamily residential:
Pass	692,581		956,657		493,769		386,329		146,346		318,675		5,342		0		2,999,699
Special mention	0		0		0		0		24,602		986		0		0		25,588
Substandard	0		739		23,807		0		0		7,441		0		0		31,987


Total multifamily residential	692,581		957,396		517,576		386,329		170,948		327,102		5,342		0		3,057,274
Construction and land:
Pass	118,823		253,079		155,371		5,248		21,371		1,158		0		0		555,050

Substandard	3,565		0		0		0		0		19,792		0		0		23,357


Total construction and land	122,388		253,079		155,371		5,248		21,371		20,950		0		0		578,407
Total CRE	2,618,429		4,039,198		3,013,131		1,780,198		978,892		2,031,231		193,524		19,065		14,673,668
Total commercial	6,111,501		5,936,417		3,820,977		2,178,394		1,059,094		2,179,414		6,664,095		28,800		27,978,692
Consumer:

Single-family residential:
Pass	1,619,709		1,916,265		1,603,227		1,086,999		561,422		978,167		0		0		7,765,789
Special mention	0		227		347		351		324		3,474		0		0		4,723
Substandard	0		0		1,474		2,159		858		10,756		0		0		15,247


Total single-family residential mortgage	1,619,709		1,916,492		1,605,048		1,089,509		562,604		992,397		0		0		7,785,759
HELOCs:
Pass	7		454		2,823		5,993		4,666		18,891		1,260,001		208,520		1,501,355
Special mention	0		0		0		0		0		0		3		637		640
Substandard	0		0		488		4,625		1,266		2,785		0		3,229		12,393


Total HELOCs	7		454		3,311		10,618		5,932		21,676		1,260,004		212,386		1,514,388
Total residential mortgage	1,619,716		1,916,946		1,608,359		1,100,127		568,536		1,014,073		1,260,004		212,386		9,300,147
Other consumer:
Pass	18,282		3,625		34		1,838		0		84,179		47,837		0		155,795

Substandard	0		0		0		2,491		0		0		4		0		2,495


Total other consumer	18,282		3,625		34		4,329		0		84,179		47,841		0		158,290
Total consumer	1,637,998		1,920,571		1,608,393		1,104,456		568,536		1,098,252		1,307,845		212,386		9,458,437
Total	$	7,749,499	$	7,856,988	$	5,429,370	$	3,282,850	$	1,627,630	$	3,277,666	$	7,971,940	$	241,186	$	37,437,129



($ in thousands)	September 30, 2020
	Current Accruing Loans		Accruing Loans 30-59 Days Past Due		Accruing Loans 60-89 Days Past Due		Total Accruing Past Due Loans		Nonaccrual Loans Less Than 90 Days Past Due		Nonaccrual Loans 90 or More Days Past Due		Total Nonaccrual Loans		Total Loans
Commercial:
C&I	$	13,105,895	$	6,024	$	47,119	$	53,143	$	110,068	$	35,918	$	145,986	$	13,305,024
CRE:
CRE	10,973,345		8,646		0		8,646		1,338		54,658		55,996		11,037,987
Multifamily residential	3,049,683		3,504		359		3,863		2,404		1,324		3,728		3,057,274
Construction and land	578,407		0		0		0		0		0		0		578,407
Total CRE	14,601,435		12,150		359		12,509		3,742		55,982		59,724		14,673,668
Total commercial	27,707,330		18,174		47,478		65,652		113,810		91,900		205,710		27,978,692
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential	7,755,878		9,076		4,911		13,987		1,149		14,745		15,894		7,785,759
HELOCs	1,497,315		4,038		640		4,678		580		11,815		12,395		1,514,388
Total residential mortgage	9,253,193		13,114		5,551		18,665		1,729		26,560		28,289		9,300,147
Other consumer	155,120		672		3		675		0		2,495		2,495		158,290
Total consumer	9,408,313		13,786		5,554		19,340		1,729		29,055		30,784		9,458,437
Total	$	37,115,643	$	31,960	$	53,032	$	84,992	$	115,539	$	120,955	$	236,494	$	37,437,129



($ in thousands)	Loans Modified as TDRs During the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2020							2019
	Number of Loans	Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment (1)		Financial Impact (2)		Number of Loans	Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment (1)		Financial Impact (2)
Commercial:
C&I	6	$	43,378	$	35,568	$	12,108	1	$	7,933	$	6,000	$	2,396
CRE:
CRE	2	21,429		21,242		21		0	0		0		0
Multifamily residential	1	1,220		1,226		0		0	0		0		0

Total CRE	3	22,649		22,468		21		0	0		0		0
Total commercial	9	66,027		58,036		12,129		1	7,933		6,000		2,396
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential	0	0		0		0		1	903		893		0
HELOCs	0	0		0		0		1	139		136		0
Total residential mortgage	0	0		0		0		2	1,042		1,029		0

Total consumer	0	0		0		0		2	1,042		1,029		0
Total	9	$	66,027	$	58,036	$	12,129	3	$	8,975	$	7,029	$	2,396



($ in thousands)	Loans Modified as TDRs During the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020							2019
	Number of Loans	Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment (1)		Financial Impact (2)		Number of Loans	Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment (1)		Financial Impact (2)
Commercial:
C&I	11	$	93,235	$	79,713	$	12,507	9	$	85,073	$	81,038	$	9,231
CRE:
CRE	2	21,429		21,242		21		0	0		0		0
Multifamily residential	1	1,220		1,226		0		0	0		0		0

Total CRE	3	22,649		22,468		21		0	0		0		0
Total commercial	14	115,884		102,181		12,528		9	85,073		81,038		9,231
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential	0	0		0		0		2	1,123		1,109		2
HELOCs	0	0		0		0		1	139		136		0
Total residential mortgage	0	0		0		0		3	1,262		1,245		2

Total consumer	0	0		0		0		3	1,262		1,245		2
Total	14	$	115,884	$	102,181	$	12,528	12	$	86,335	$	82,283	$	9,233


~~(1)~~	~~Includes subsequent payments after modification and reflects the balance as of March 31, 2020 and 2019.~~


~~(2)~~	~~The financial impact includes charge-offs and specific reserves recorded since the modification date.~~



($ in thousands)	Modification Type During the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2020						2019
	Principal (1)		Principal and Interest		Interest Deferments		Total		Principal (1)		Interest Deferments		Other		Total
Commercial:
C&I	$	19,025	$	0	$	16,543	$	35,568	$	6,000	$	0	$	0	$	6,000
CRE:
CRE	21,242		0		0		21,242		0		0		0		0
Multifamily residential	1,226		0		0		1,226		0		0		0		0

Total CRE	22,468		0		0		22,468		0		0		0		0
Total commercial	41,493		0		16,543		58,036		6,000		0		0		6,000
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential	0		0		0		0		0		893		0		893
HELOCs	0		0		0		0		0		0		136		136
Total residential mortgage	0		0		0		0		0		893		136		1,029

Total consumer	0		0		0		0		0		893		136		1,029
Total	$	41,493	$	0	$	16,543	$	58,036	$	6,000	$	893	$	136	$	7,029



($ in thousands)	Modification Type During the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020								2019
	Principal (1)		Principal and Interest (2)		Interest Deferments		Total		Principal (1)		Interest Deferments		Other (3)		Total
Commercial:
C&I	$	36,043	$	10,819	$	32,851	$	79,713	$	44,271	$	0	$	36,767	$	81,038
CRE:
CRE	21,242		0		0		21,242		0		0		0		0
Multifamily residential	1,226		0		0		1,226		0		0		0		0

Total CRE	22,468		0		0		22,468		0		0		0		0
Total commercial	58,511		10,819		32,851		102,181		44,271		0		36,767		81,038
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential	0		0		0		0		0		1,109		0		1,109
HELOCs	0		0		0		0		0		0		136		136
Total residential mortgage	0		0		0		0		0		1,109		136		1,245

Total consumer	0		0		0		0		0		1,109		136		1,245
Total	$	58,511	$	10,819	$	32,851	$	102,181	$	44,271	$	1,109	$	36,903	$	82,283