Table of Contents

 
 UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
   
FORM 10-Q
   
(Mark One)
Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended: March 31,June 30, 2019

or
 
Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number: 001-38888 
 Red River Bancshares, Inc. 
 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 
Louisiana
72-1412058
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) 
72-1412058
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
1412 Centre Court Drive, Suite 402,Alexandria,Louisiana 71301
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (318) (318) 561-5028

Not Applicable
(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if changed since last report)
   
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, no par valueRRBIThe NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES ☐    NOYes     No
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    YESYes     NO  No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
  Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    YES  Yes      NO    No  
At MayJuly 31, 2019, the registrant had 7,300,2467,306,221 shares of common stock, no par value, issued and outstanding. 
 



TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Page
   
PART IFinancial Information 
Item 1. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
   
PART IIOther Information 
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
 



Table of Contents    

GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this filing to “we,” “our,” “us,” “the Company,” and “our company” refer to Red River Bancshares, Inc., a Louisiana corporation and bank holding company, and its consolidated subsidiaries. All references in this filing to “Red River Bank,” the “bank,” and the “Bank” refer to Red River Bank, our wholly owned bank subsidiary.
Other abbreviations or acronyms used in this filing are defined below.
ABBREVIATION OR ACRONYM DEFINITION
2018 2-for-1 stock split A stock split that was accomplished by a stock dividend with a record date of October 1, 2018, whereby each holder of the Company's common stock received one additional share of common stock for each share owned as of such date.
AFS Available-for-sale
AOCI Accumulated other comprehensive income or loss
ASC Accounting Standards Codification
ASU Accounting Standards Update
Basel III Basel Committee's 2010 Regulatory Capital Framework (Third Accord)
BOLI Bank-owned life insurance
CECL 
Current Expected Credit Losses, related to ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
Director Compensation ProgramCompensation program which allows directors of the Company and the Bank an opportunity to select how to receive their annual director fees.
Economic Growth Act Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act
EPS Earnings per share
Exchange Act Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
FDIA Federal Deposit Insurance Act
FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FBT CT I FBT Capital Trust I, a Delaware statutory trust
FHLB Federal Home Loan Bank
FTE Fully taxable equivalent basis
GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America
HFIHeld for investment
HFSHeld for sale
HTM Held-to-maturity
IPO Initial public offering
LPO Loan production office
MSA Metropolitan statistical area
NOW Negotiable order of withdrawal
OTTI Other-than-temporary impairment
SBICSmall Business Investment Company
Securities ActSecurities Act of 1933, as amended
SEC Securities and Exchange Commission
TDR(s) Troubled debt restructuring(s)
Trust II Red River Statutory Trust II, a Connecticut statutory trust
Trust III Red River Statutory Trust III, a Delaware statutory trust
Table of Contents    

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements, which reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “will likely result,” “expect,” “continue,” “will,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “projection,” “would,” and “outlook,” or the negative version of those words, or such other comparable words or phrases of a future or forward-looking nature. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions, and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
There are or will be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the following:

business and economic conditions generally and in the financial services industry, nationally and within our local market areas;
government intervention in the U.S. financial system;
changes in management personnel;
increased competition in the financial services industry, particularly from regional and national institutions;
volatility and direction of market interest rates;
our ability to maintain important deposit customer relationships, our reputation, or to otherwise avoid liquidity risks;
factors that can impact the performance of our loan portfolio, including real estate values and liquidity in our primary market areas, the financial health of our commercial borrowers, and the success of construction projects that we finance, including any loans acquired in acquisition transactions;
changes in the value of collateral securing our loans;
risks associated with system failures or failures to protect against cybersecurity threats, such as breaches of our network security;
deterioration of our asset quality;
the adequacy of our reserves, including our allowance for loan losses;
operational risks associated with our business;
natural disasters and adverse weather, acts of terrorism, an outbreak of hostilities or other international or domestic calamities, and other matters beyond our control;
our ability to prudently manage our growth and execute our strategy;
compliance with the extensive regulatory framework that applies to us;
changes in the laws, rules, regulations, interpretations, or policies relating to financial institution, accounting, tax, trade, monetary, and fiscal matters;
the impact of recent and future legislative and regulatory changes, including the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, the Economic Growth Act, and other changes in banking, securities, accounting, and tax laws and regulations, and their application by our regulators; and
other factors that are discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors”risks and uncertainties listed from time to time in our Prospectus that wasreports and documents filed with the SEC on May 3, 2019, relating to our IPO.SEC.

The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read together with the other cautionary statements included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Additional information on these and other risk factors can be found in Item 1A "Risk Factors" of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and in the section titled "Risk Factors" in our Prospectus that was filed with the SEC on May 3, 2019, relating to our IPO. If one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

Table of Contents    

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
RED RIVER BANCSHARES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share amounts)(Unaudited)
March 31,
2019
 (Audited)
December 31,
2018
(Unaudited)
June 30,
2019
 (Audited)
December 31,
2018
ASSETS      
Cash and due from banks$32,371
 $34,070
$29,854
 $34,070
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks145,593
 117,836
71,761
 117,836
Total cash and cash equivalents101,615
 151,906
Securities available-for-sale319,353
 307,877
318,082
 307,877
Equity securities3,869
 3,821
3,924
 3,821
Nonmarketable equity securities1,303
 1,299
1,342
 1,299
Loans held for sale2,210
 2,904
6,029
 2,904
Loans held for investment1,349,181
 1,328,438
1,393,154
 1,328,438
Allowance for loan losses(13,101) (12,524)(13,591) (12,524)
Premises and equipment, net40,033
 39,690
40,032
 39,690
Accrued interest receivable4,988
 5,013
5,570
 5,013
Bank-owned life insurance21,434
 21,301
21,570
 21,301
Intangible assets1,546
 1,546
1,546
 1,546
Right-of-use assets4,844
 
4,748
 
Other assets8,494
 9,317
8,897
 9,317
Total Assets$1,922,118
 $1,860,588
$1,892,918
 $1,860,588
LIABILITIES      
Noninterest-bearing deposits$565,757
 $547,880
$576,934
 $547,880
Interest-bearing deposits1,125,377
 1,097,703
1,057,656
 1,097,703
Total Deposits1,691,134
 1,645,583
1,634,590
 1,645,583
Other borrowed funds
 
Junior subordinated debentures11,341
 11,341
5,155
 11,341
Accrued interest payable1,967
 1,757
1,998
 1,757
Lease liabilities4,856
 
4,773
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities10,636
 8,204
8,491
 8,204
Total Liabilities1,719,934
 1,666,885
1,655,007
 1,666,885
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 

 
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY      
Preferred stock, no par value:
Authorized - 1,000,000 shares; None Issued and Outstanding

 

 
Common stock, no par value:
Authorized - 30,000,000 shares;
Issued and Outstanding - 6,636,926 and 6,627,358 shares
41,271
 41,094
Common stock, no par value:
Authorized - 30,000,000 shares;
Issued and Outstanding - 7,300,246 and 6,627,358 shares
68,082
 41,094
Retained earnings164,534
 160,115
170,122
 160,115
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(3,621) (7,506)(293) (7,506)
Total Stockholders' Equity202,184
 193,703
237,911
 193,703
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity$1,922,118
 $1,860,588
$1,892,918
 $1,860,588


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
5


Table of Contents    

RED RIVER BANCSHARES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except per share data)For the Three Months Ended March 31,For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
INTEREST AND DIVIDEND INCOME          
Interest and fees on loans$15,504
 $13,586
$15,945
 $14,435
 $31,448
 $28,022
Interest on securities1,763
 1,822
1,784
 1,744
 3,547
 3,565
Interest on federal funds sold212
 51
212
 64
 425
 114
Interest on deposits in other banks416
 107
306
 119
 722
 226
Dividends on stock9
 6
9
 7
 19
 13
Total Interest and Dividend Income17,904
 15,572
18,256
 16,369
 36,161
 31,940
INTEREST EXPENSE          
Interest on deposits2,296
 1,535
2,449
 1,665
 4,746
 3,200
Interest on other borrowed funds
 3

 2
 
 4
Interest on junior subordinated debentures156
 124
156
 136
 312
 260
Total Interest Expense2,452
 1,662
2,605
 1,803
 5,058
 3,464
NET INTEREST INCOME15,452
 13,910
15,651
 14,566
 31,103
 28,476
Provision for loan losses526
 411
529
 526
 1,055
 937
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES14,926
 13,499
15,122
 14,040
 30,048
 27,539
NONINTEREST INCOME          
Service charges on deposit accounts1,026
 1,200
1,083
 1,124
 2,109
 2,324
Debit card income, net695
 704
785
 764
 1,481
 1,468
Mortgage loan income514
 346
657
 706
 1,171
 1,052
Brokerage income365
 335
626
 590
 991
 925
Loan and deposit income346
 268
382
 329
 727
 597
Bank-owned life insurance income133
 137
137
 139
 270
 276
Gain (Loss) on equity securities56
 (93) 104
 (93)
Gain on sale of investments
 41

 
 
 41
Other income217
 126
373
 106
 542
 233
Total Noninterest Income3,296
 3,157
4,099
 3,665
 7,395
 6,823
OPERATING EXPENSES          
Personnel expenses6,640
 6,142
7,005
 6,489
 13,645
 12,631
Occupancy and equipment expenses1,175
 1,079
1,334
 1,081
 2,509
 2,161
Technology expenses544
 506
558
 536
 1,101
 1,042
Advertising209
 175
396
 211
 605
 386
Other business development expenses282
 307
277
 241
 560
 547
Data processing expense459
 392
483
 427
 942
 820
Other taxes353
 342
455
 349
 808
 691
Loan and deposit expenses223
 180
392
 222
 615
 402
Legal and professional expenses319
 324
383
 344
 702
 668
Other operating expenses954
 860
1,121
 1,047
 2,075
 1,907
Total Operating Expenses11,158
 10,307
12,404
 10,947
 23,562
 21,255
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE7,064
 6,349
6,817
 6,758
 13,881
 13,107
Income tax expense1,368
 1,118
1,279
 1,226
 2,647
 2,344
NET INCOME$5,696
 $5,231
$5,538
 $5,532
 $11,234
 $10,763
EARNINGS PER SHARE(1)
          
Basic$0.86
 $0.78
$0.79
 $0.82
 $1.64
 $1.60
Diluted$0.85
 $0.77
$0.78
 $0.82
 $1.63
 $1.59
(1) 
2018 amounts adjusted to give effect to the 2018 2-for-1 stock split

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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RED RIVER BANCSHARES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)For the Three Months Ended March 31,For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Net income$5,696
 $5,231
$5,538
 $5,532
 $11,234
 $10,763
Other comprehensive income (loss):          
Unrealized net gains (loss) on securities arising during period4,918
 (4,245)
Unrealized net gain (loss) on securities arising during period4,213
 (839) 9,131
 (5,084)
Tax effect(1,033) 907
(885) 185
 (1,918) 1,092
Less: Gains included in net income
 (41)
 
 
 (41)
Tax effect
 9

 
 
 9
Total other comprehensive income (loss)3,885
 (3,370)3,328
 (654) 7,213
 (4,024)
Comprehensive income$9,581
 $1,861
$8,866
 $4,878
 $18,447
 $6,739

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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RED RIVER BANCSHARES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except share amounts)
Common
Stock
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Total
Stockholders'
Equity
Common
Stock
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Total
Stockholders'
Equity
Balance at December 31, 2017$45,539
 $137,949
 $(5,385) $178,103
Balance as of December 31, 2017$45,539
 $137,949
 $(5,385) $178,103
Net income
 5,231
 
 5,231

 5,231
 
 5,231
Stock incentive plan expense
 47
 
 47

 47
 
 47
Issuance of 1,226 shares of
common stock as board compensation
(1)
92
 
 
 92
Issuance of 2,452 shares of common stock as board compensation(1)
92
 
 
 92
Cash dividend - $0.15 per share(1)

 (1,009) 
 (1,009)
 (1,009) 
 (1,009)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 (3,370) (3,370)
 
 (3,370) (3,370)
Balance at March 31, 2018$45,631
 $142,218
 $(8,755) $179,094
Balance as of March 31, 2018$45,631
 $142,218
 $(8,755) $179,094
Net income
 5,532
 
 5,532
Stock incentive plan expense
 46
 
 46
Issuance of 2,000 shares of common stock through exercise of stock options(1)
29
 
 
 29
Reclassification for adoption of accounting standard
 (74) 74
 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 (654) (654)
Balance as of June 30, 2018$45,660
 $147,722
 $(9,335) $184,047
              
Balance at December 31, 2018$41,094
 $160,115
 $(7,506) $193,703
Balance as of December 31, 2018$41,094
 $160,115
 $(7,506) $193,703
Net income
 5,696
 
 5,696

 5,696
 
 5,696
Stock incentive plan expense
 49
 
 49

 49
 
 49
Issuance of 7,200 shares of
common stock through exercise of stock options
80
 
 
 80
80
 
 
 80
Issuance of 2,368 shares of
common stock as board compensation
97
 
 
 97
97
 
 
 97
Cash dividend - $0.20 per share
 (1,326) 
 (1,326)
 (1,326) 
 (1,326)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 3,885
 3,885

 
 3,885
 3,885
Balance at March 31, 2019$41,271
 $164,534
 $(3,621) $202,184
Balance as of March 31, 2019$41,271
 $164,534
 $(3,621) $202,184
Net income
 5,538
 
 5,538
Stock incentive plan expense
 50
 
 50
Issuance of 663,320 shares of
common stock through IPO
26,812
 
 
 26,812
Board compensation adjustment(1) 
 
 (1)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 3,328
 3,328
Balance as of June 30, 2019$68,082
 $170,122
 $(293) $237,911
(1) 
Adjusted to give effect to the 2018 2-for-1 stock split

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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RED RIVER BANCSHARES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)For the Three Months Ended March 31,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2019 20182019 2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES      
Net income$5,696
 $5,231
$11,234
 $10,763
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Depreciation424
 417
847
 822
Amortization113
 112
151
 214
Share-based compensation earned49
 47
99
 93
Share-based board compensation earned97
 92
96
 92
(Gain) loss on sale of other assets owned(20) 6
(Gain) Loss on other assets owned11
 (12)
Net (accretion) amortization on AFS securities283
 350
566
 687
Net (accretion) amortization on HTM securities
 4

 7
Gains on sales of AFS securities
 (41)
 (41)
Provision for loan losses526
 411
1,055
 937
Net (increase) decrease in loans held for sale694
 (1,156)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)(263) 
Net (increase) decrease in loans HFS(3,125) (2,353)
Net (increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable25
 451
(557) 173
Net (increase) decrease in BOLI(133) (137)(269) (276)
Net increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable210
 (55)241
 (129)
Other operating activities, net1,759
 1,791
(1,539) (1,092)
Net cash provided by operating activities9,723
 7,523
8,547
 9,885
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES      
Activity in AFS securities:      
Sales
 3,168

 3,168
Maturities, prepayments and calls17,005
 13,208
Maturities, prepayments, and calls33,255
 26,048
Purchases(23,845) 
(34,893) (3,009)
Activity in HTM securities:      
Maturities, prepayments and calls
 735
Maturities, prepayments, and calls
 1,235
Purchase of nonmarketable equity securities(4) (3)(43) (22)
Net increase in loans(20,692) (28,526)
Net increase in loans HFI(64,703) (78,962)
Proceeds from sales of foreclosed assets333
 7
333
 71
Purchases of premises and equipment(767) (250)(1,174) (1,209)
Net cash used in investing activities(27,970) (11,661)(67,225) (52,680)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES      
Net increase in deposits45,551
 34,348
Net increase (decrease) in deposits(10,993) 34,354
Repayments of other borrowed funds
 (45)
 (90)
Redemption of junior subordinated debentures(6,186) 
Proceeds from exercise of stock options80
 
80
 29
Proceeds from initial public offering, net26,812
 
Cash dividends(1,326) (1,009)(1,326) (1,009)
Net cash provided by financing activities44,305
 33,294
8,387
 33,284
Net change in cash and cash equivalents26,058
 29,156
(50,291) (9,511)
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period151,906
 59,667
151,906
 59,667
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period$177,964
 $88,823
$101,615
 $50,156
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS INCLUDE   
Cash and due from banks$32,371
 $16,049
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks145,593
 72,774
$177,964
 $88,823
   
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES      
Cash paid during the year for:      
Interest$2,242
 $1,717
$4,817
 $3,594
Income taxes$
 $
$3,323
 $2,469
Initial measurement and recognition of operating lease assets in exchange for lease liabilities$4,954
 
$4,954
 $

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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RED RIVER BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company were prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information, general practices within the financial services industry, and with instructions for Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all of the information or footnotes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. However, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements have been included. The results of operations for the interim periods disclosed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results which may be expected for the entire fiscal year. These statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial StatementsCompany's audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018, included in the Company’s Prospectus filed with the SEC on May 3, 2019, relating to its IPO.
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These changes in presentation did not have a material impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operations.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
There were no material changes or developments during the reporting period with respect to methodologies the Company uses when applying critical accounting policies and developing critical accounting estimates as disclosed in Note 1 of the Notesnotes to the Consolidated Financial Statementsaudited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, that were included in the Company's Prospectus as filed with the SEC on May 3, 2019. In preparing the financial statements, the Company is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the interim period presented. These adjustments are of a normal recurring nature and include appropriate estimated provisions.
Accounting Standards Adopted in 2019
As of January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and the related amendments using the modified retrospective approach. The primary purpose of this ASU was to increase the transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing a lease liability related to the lessee's obligation to make lease payments based on a lease contract, and a right-of-use asset related to the lessee's right to use the leased asset for the term of the lease. The Company recorded right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $4.9 million at the time of adoption. The required disclosures are included in Note 5 to these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. ASU 2017-12 permits hedge accounting for risk components in hedging relationships involving nonfinancial risk and interest rate risk. It also changes the guidance for designating fair value hedges of interest rate risk and for measuring the change in fair value of the hedged item in fair value hedges of interest rate risk. In addition to the amendments to the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships, the amendments in this ASU also align the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. This ASU requires an entity to present the earnings effect of the hedging instrument in the same income statement line item in which the earnings effect of the hedged item is reported. ASU 2017-12 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2019, and did not have a material impact on ourthe Company's financial statements as the Company does not utilize derivatives as of March 31, 2019.statements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 sets forth the CECL model requiring the Company to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held as of the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and applies to some off-balance sheet credit exposures. For public business entities that are SEC registrants, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of this ASU on the consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In that regard, the Company has formed a cross functional working group and is currently working through its implementation plan which includes assessment and documentation of processes, internal controls, and data sources; model development and documentation; and implementation of a third-party vendor solution to assist in the application of ASU 2016-13.
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2.Securities
Securities held for indefinite periods of time are classified as AFS and carried at estimated fair value. The Company does not hold HTM securities. The amortized cost and estimated fair values of securities AFS are summarized in the following tables (in thousands):
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
As of March 31, 2019       
As of June 30, 2019       
Securities AFS:              
Mortgage-backed securities$219,112
 $81
 $(3,922) $215,271
$209,919
 $482
 $(1,508) $208,893
Municipal bonds82,302
 387
 (1,120) 81,569
88,010
 987
 (489) 88,508
U.S. agency securities20,528
 47
 (71) 20,504
18,527
 148
 (14) 18,661
U.S. Treasury securities1,995
 14
 
 2,009
1,996
 24
 
 2,020
Total Securities AFS$323,937
 $529
 $(5,113) $319,353
$318,452
 $1,641
 $(2,011) $318,082
 Amortized
Cost
 Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Fair
Value
As of December 31, 2018       
Securities AFS:       
Mortgage-backed securities$221,799
 $11
 $(7,122) $214,688
Municipal bonds70,416
 94
 (2,235) 68,275
U.S. agency securities23,170
 6
 (261) 22,915
U.S. Treasury securities1,994
 5
 
 1,999
Total Securities AFS$317,379
 $116
 $(9,618) $307,877

The amortized costs and estimated market values of debt securities as of March 31,June 30, 2019, by contractual maturity, are shown below (in thousands). Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
Within one year$10,636
 $10,591
$9,227
 $9,213
After one year but within five years50,140
 49,649
51,266
 51,160
After five years but within ten years89,701
 88,653
86,933
 87,172
After ten years173,460
 170,460
171,026
 170,537
Total$323,937
 $319,353
$318,452
 $318,082

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Information pertaining to securities with gross unrealized losses as of March 31,June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position is described as follows (in thousands):
Less than twelve months Twelve months or moreLess than twelve months Twelve months or more
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Fair
Value
As of March 31, 2019:       
As of June 30, 2019:       
Securities AFS:              
Mortgage-backed securities$(26) $3,842
 $(3,896) $195,240
$(9) $1,944
 $(1,499) $154,672
Municipal bonds(10) 3,557
 (1,110) 44,388
(23) 2,927
 (466) 25,614
U.S. agency securities(5) 951
 (66) 12,846

 
 (14) 6,986
Total Securities AFS$(41) $8,350
 $(5,072) $252,474
$(32) $4,871
 $(1,979) $187,272
              
As of December 31, 2018:              
Securities AFS:              
Mortgage-backed securities$(75) $8,845
 $(7,047) $200,532
$(75) $8,845
 $(7,047) $200,532
Municipal bonds(48) 3,389
 (2,187) 52,879
(48) 3,389
 (2,187) 52,879
U.S. agency securities(41) 3,801
 (220) 14,123
(41) 3,801
 (220) 14,123
Total Securities AFS$(164) $16,035
 $(9,454) $267,534
$(164) $16,035
 $(9,454) $267,534

The number of investment positions in an unrealized loss position totaled 260192 as of March 31,June 30, 2019. The aggregate unrealized loss of these securities as of March 31,June 30, 2019, was 1.58%0.63% of the amortized cost basis of the total AFS securities portfolio. Management and the Asset-Liability Committee continually monitor the securities portfolio and are able to effectively measure and monitor the unrealized loss positions on these securities. Management does not intend to sell these securities prior to recovery, and it is more likely than not that the Company will have the ability to hold them, primarily due to adequate liquidity, until each security has recovered its cost basis, as the Company's current liquidity position is more than adequate.basis. The unrealized losses of these securities has been determined by management to be a function of the movement of interest rates since the time of purchase. Based on review of available information, including recent changes in interest rates and credit rating information, management believes the declines in fair value of these securities are temporary. The Company does not consider these securities to have OTTI.
Management evaluates securities for OTTI on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently if economic or market concerns merit such evaluation. Consideration is given to (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost; (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; and (3) whether the Company intends to, and it is more likely than not that it will be able to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. Additionally, the Company annually performs a detailed credit review of the municipal securities owned to identify any potential credit concerns. There were no OTTI losses on debt securities related to credit losses recognized during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2019 or the year ended December 31, 2018.
Pledged Securities
Securities with carrying values of approximately $99.9$100.6 million and $93.5 million were pledged to secure public deposits, as of March 31,June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
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3.Loans and Asset Quality
Loans
Total loans held for investmentLoans HFI by category and loans held for saleHFS are summarized below (in thousands):
March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Real estate:      
Commercial real estate$475,269
 $454,689
$494,666
 $454,689
One-to-four family residential406,823
 406,963
416,122
 406,963
Construction and development111,344
 102,868
119,255
 102,868
Commercial and industrial269,987
 275,881
272,278
 275,881
Tax-exempt56,838
 60,104
57,497
 60,104
Consumer28,920
 27,933
33,336
 27,933
Total loans held for investment$1,349,181
 $1,328,438
Total loans held for sale$2,210
 $2,904
Total loans HFI$1,393,154
 $1,328,438
Total loans HFS$6,029
 $2,904

Allowance for Loan Losses
The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses by category for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2019 (in thousands):
Beginning
Balance December 31, 2018
 
Provision
for Loan
Losses
 
Loans
Charged-off
 Recoveries 
Ending
Balance March 31, 2019
Beginning
Balance December 31, 2018
 
Provision
for Loan
Losses
 
Loans
Charged-off
 Recoveries Ending
Balance June 30, 2019
Real estate:                  
Commercial real estate$3,081
 $(201) $
 $
 $2,880
$3,081
 $(101) $
 $
 $2,980
One-to-four family residential3,146
 (137) 
 1
 3,010
3,146
 (15) (15) 2
 3,118
Construction and development951
 (57) 
 77
 971
951
 26
 
 77
 1,054
Commercial and industrial4,604
 991
 
 1
 5,596
4,604
 1,032
 (568) 579
 5,647
Tax-exempt372
 (46) 
 
 326
372
 (42) 
 
 330
Consumer370
 (24) (81) 53
 318
370
 155
 (136) 73
 462
Total allowance for loan losses$12,524
 $526
 $(81) $132
 $13,101
$12,524
 $1,055
 $(719) $731
 $13,591
The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses by category for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
 
Beginning
Balance December 31, 2017
 
Provision
for Loan
Losses
 
Loans
Charged-off
 Recoveries 
Ending
Balance December 31, 2018
Real estate:         
Commercial real estate$3,270
 $(189) $(27) $27
 $3,081
One-to-four family residential3,099
 (136) (4) 187
 3,146
Construction and development852
 99
 
 
 951
Commercial and industrial2,836
 2,112
 (353) 9
 4,604
Tax-exempt432
 (60) 
 
 372
Consumer406
 164
 (353) 153
 370
Total allowance for loan losses$10,895
 $1,990
 $(737) $376
 $12,524

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The balance in the allowance for loan losses and the related recorded investment in loans by category as of March 31,June 30, 2019, are as follows (in thousands):
Individually
Evaluated
for
Impairment
 Collectively
Evaluated
for
Impairment
 
Acquired with
Deteriorated
Credit
Quality
 Total
Individually
Evaluated
for
Impairment
 Collectively
Evaluated
for
Impairment
 
Acquired with
Deteriorated
Credit
Quality
 Total
Allowance for loan losses:              
Real estate:              
Commercial real estate$133
 $2,747
 $
 $2,880
$125
 $2,855
 $
 $2,980
One-to-four family residential3
 3,007
 
 3,010
33
 3,085
 
 3,118
Construction and development11
 960
 
 971
30
 1,024
 
 1,054
Commercial and industrial3,440
 2,156
 
 5,596
3,472
 2,175
 
 5,647
Tax-exempt
 326
 
 326

 330
 
 330
Consumer23
 295
 
 318
64
 398
 
 462
Total allowance for loan losses$3,610
 $9,491
 $
 $13,101
$3,724
 $9,867
 $
 $13,591
              
Loans:              
Real estate:              
Commercial real estate$3,408
 $471,861
 $
 $475,269
$6,073
 $488,593
 $
 $494,666
One-to-four family residential1,150
 405,673
 
 406,823
1,391
 414,731
 
 416,122
Construction and development53
 111,291
 
 111,344
623
 118,632
 
 119,255
Commercial and industrial11,834
 258,153
 
 269,987
11,674
 260,604
 
 272,278
Tax-exempt
 56,838
 
 56,838

 57,497
 
 57,497
Consumer101
 28,819
 
 28,920
75
 33,261
 
 33,336
Total loans held for investment$16,546
 $1,332,635
 $
 $1,349,181
Total loans HFI$19,836
 $1,373,318
 $
 $1,393,154
The balance in the allowance for loan losses and the related recorded investment in loans by category as of December 31, 2018, are as follows (in thousands):
Individually
Evaluated
for
Impairment
 Collectively
Evaluated
for
Impairment
 
Acquired with
Deteriorated
Credit
Quality
 Total
Individually
Evaluated
for
Impairment
 Collectively
Evaluated
for
Impairment
 
Acquired with
Deteriorated
Credit
Quality
 Total
Allowance for loan losses:              
Real estate:              
Commercial real estate$206
 $2,875
 $
 $3,081
$206
 $2,875
 $
 $3,081
One-to-four family residential20
 3,126
 
 3,146
20
 3,126
 
 3,146
Construction and development12
 939
 
 951
12
 939
 
 951
Commercial and industrial2,304
 2,300
 
 4,604
2,304
 2,300
 
 4,604
Tax-exempt
 372
 
 372

 372
 
 372
Consumer75
 295
 
 370
75
 295
 
 370
Total allowance for loan losses$2,617
 $9,907
 $
 $12,524
$2,617
 $9,907
 $
 $12,524
              
Loans:              
Real estate:              
Commercial real estate$3,829
 $450,860
 $
 $454,689
$3,829
 $450,860
 $
 $454,689
One-to-four family residential2,348
 404,615
 
 406,963
2,348
 404,615
 
 406,963
Construction and development55
 102,813
 
 102,868
55
 102,813
 
 102,868
Commercial and industrial15,516
 260,365
 
 275,881
15,516
 260,365
 
 275,881
Tax-exempt
 60,104
 
 60,104

 60,104
 
 60,104
Consumer104
 27,829
 
 27,933
104
 27,829
 
 27,933
Total loans held for investment$21,852
 $1,306,586
 $
 $1,328,438
Total loans HFI$21,852
 $1,306,586
 $
 $1,328,438

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Commitments to Extend Credit
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer if all conditions of the commitment have been met. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not
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necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if it is deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s evaluation of the customer’s ability to repay. As of March 31,June 30, 2019, unfunded loan commitments totaled approximately $235.8$245.3 million. As of December 31, 2018, unfunded loan commitments totaled approximately $231.5 million.
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing, and similar transactions. As of March 31,June 30, 2019, commitments under standby letters of credit totaled approximately $14.0$11.6 million. As of December 31, 2018, commitments under standby letters of credit totaled approximately $11.6 million. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers.
Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans
A summary of current, past due, and nonaccrual loans as of March 31,June 30, 2019, is as follows (in thousands):
Accruing    Accruing    
Current 30-89 Days
Past Due
 
90 Days
or More
Past Due
 Nonaccrual 
Total
Loans
Current 30-89 Days
Past Due
 
90 Days
or More
Past Due
 Nonaccrual 
Total
Loans
Real estate:                  
Commercial real estate$472,597
 $677
 $657
 $1,338
 $475,269
$489,291
 $699
 $3,362
 $1,314
 $494,666
One-to-four family residential405,616
 808
 59
 340
 406,823
414,647
 337
 664
 474
 416,122
Construction and development111,291
 
 
 53
 111,344
118,632
 
 569
 54
 119,255
Commercial and industrial263,808
 2,509
 
 3,670
 269,987
266,390
 195
 2,038
 3,655
 272,278
Tax-exempt56,838
 
 
 
 56,838
57,497
 
 
 
 57,497
Consumer28,802
 74
 
 44
 28,920
33,243
 72
 
 21
 33,336
Total loans held for investment$1,338,952
 $4,068
 $716
 $5,445
 $1,349,181
Total loans HFI$1,379,700
 $1,303
 $6,633
 $5,518
 $1,393,154
A summary of current, past due, and nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2018, is as follows (in thousands):
Accruing    Accruing    
Current 30-89 Days
Past Due
 
90 Days
or More
Past Due
 Nonaccrual 
Total
Loans
Current 30-89 Days
Past Due
 
90 Days
or More
Past Due
 Nonaccrual 
Total
Loans
Real estate:                  
Commercial real estate$452,477
 $
 $850
 $1,362
 $454,689
$452,477
 $
 $850
 $1,362
 $454,689
One-to-four family residential405,961
 512
 66
 424
 406,963
405,961
 512
 66
 424
 406,963
Construction and development102,776
 36
 1
 55
 102,868
102,776
 36
 1
 55
 102,868
Commercial and industrial272,174
 32
 
 3,675
 275,881
272,174
 32
 
 3,675
 275,881
Tax-exempt60,104
 
 
 
 60,104
60,104
 
 
 
 60,104
Consumer27,851
 16
 22
 44
 27,933
27,851
 16
 22
 44
 27,933
Total loans held for investment$1,321,343
 $596
 $939
 $5,560
 $1,328,438
Total loans HFI$1,321,343
 $596
 $939
 $5,560
 $1,328,438

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Impaired Loans
Impaired loans include TDRs and performing and nonperforming loans. Information pertaining to impaired loans as of March 31,June 30, 2019, is as follows (in thousands):
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Related
Allowance
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Related
Allowance
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
With no related allowance recorded:              
Real estate:              
Commercial real estate$2,631
 $2,499
 $
 $2,378
$5,315
 $5,172
 $
 $3,309
One-to-four family residential861
 802
 
 1,328
1,287
 1,229
 
 1,296
Construction and development18
 15
 
 16
335
 332
 
 121
Commercial and industrial4,329
 3,994
 
 6,850
1,949
 1,611
 
 5,104
Tax-exempt
 
 
 

 
 
 
Consumer12
 11
 
 11
12
 11
 
 11
Total with no related allowance7,851
 7,321
 
 10,583
8,898
 8,355
 
 9,841
With allowance recorded:              
Real estate:              
Commercial real estate923
 909
 133
 1,241
918
 901
 125
 1,128
One-to-four family residential358
 348
 3
 421
162
 162
 33
 334
Construction and development51
 38
 11
 38
303
 291
 30
 122
Commercial and industrial8,803
 7,840
 3,440
 6,825
11,034
 10,063
 3,472
 7,904
Tax-exempt
 
 
 

 
 
 
Consumer92
 90
 23
 91
66
 64
 64
 82
Total with related allowance10,227
 9,225
 3,610
 8,616
12,483
 11,481
 3,724
 9,570
Total impaired loans$18,078
 $16,546
 $3,610
 $19,199
$21,381
 $19,836
 $3,724
 $19,411
Information pertaining to impaired loans as of December 31, 2018, is as follows (in thousands):
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Related
Allowance
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
With no related allowance recorded:       
Real estate:       
Commercial real estate$2,376
 $2,255
 $
 $2,470
One-to-four family residential1,912
 1,855
 
 2,026
Construction and development18
 16
 
 738
Commercial and industrial11,003
 9,707
 
 8,909
Tax-exempt
 
 
 
Consumer12
 12
 
 10
Total with no related allowance15,321
 13,845
 
 14,153
With allowance recorded:       
Real estate:       
Commercial real estate1,584
 1,574
 206
 1,715
One-to-four family residential507
 493
 20
 497
Construction and development52
 39
 12
 41
Commercial and industrial5,809
 5,809
 2,304
 5,813
Tax-exempt
 
 
 
Consumer95
 92
 75
 35
Total with related allowance8,047
 8,007
 2,617
 8,101
Total impaired loans$23,368
 $21,852
 $2,617
 $22,254


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The interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2019 and March 31,June 30, 2018, was $172,000$237,000 and $181,000,$359,000, respectively. The interest income recognized on impaired loans for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, was $409,000 and 540,000, respectively.
Troubled Debt Restructurings
The restructuring of a loan is considered a TDR if the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and the bank has granted a concession. Concessions grant terms to the borrower that would not be offered for new debt with similar risk characteristics. Concessions typically include interest rate reductions or below market interest rates, revising amortization schedules to defer principal and interest payments, and other changes necessary to provide payment relief to the borrower and minimize the risk of loss. There were no unfunded commitments to extend credit related to these loans.loans as of June 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.
A summary of current, past due, and nonaccrual TDR loans as of March 31,June 30, 2019, is as follows (dollars in thousands):
Current 
30-89
Days
Past Due
 
90 Days
or More
Past Due
 Nonaccrual 
Total
TDRs
Current 
30-89
Days
Past Due
 
90 Days
or More
Past Due
 Nonaccrual 
Total
TDRs
Real estate:                  
Commercial real estate$1,413
 $
 $
 $1,338
 $2,751
$1,396
 $
 $
 $1,314
 $2,710
One-to-four family residential205
 
 
 
 205
196
 
 
 
 196
Construction and development
 
 
 38
 38

 
 
 38
 38
Commercial and industrial39
 
 
 2,137
 2,176
37
 
 
 2,126
 2,163
Tax-exempt
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Consumer53
 
 
 
 53
50
 
 
 
 50
Total$1,710
 $
 $
 $3,513
 $5,223
$1,679
 $
 $
 $3,478
 $5,157
Number of TDR loans11
 
 
 6
 17
10
 
 
 6
 16
A summary of current, past due, and nonaccrual TDR loans as of December 31, 2018, is as follows (dollars in thousands):
 Current 
30-89
Days
Past Due
 
90 Days
or More
Past Due
 Nonaccrual 
Total
TDRs
Real estate:         
Commercial real estate$1,267
 $
 $
 $1,362
 $2,629
One-to-four family residential208
 
 
 
 208
Construction and development
 
 
 39
 39
Commercial and industrial41
 
 
 2,139
 2,180
Tax-exempt
 
 
 
 
Consumer56
 
 
 
 56
Total$1,572
 $
 $
 $3,540
 $5,112
Number of TDR loans10
 
 
 6
 16
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A summary of loans modified as TDRs that occurred during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2019 and March 31,June 30, 2018, is as follows (dollars in thousands):
March 31, 2019 March 31, 2018June 30, 2019 June 30, 2018
  Recorded Investment   Recorded Investment  Recorded Investment   Recorded Investment
Loan
Count
 
Pre
Modification
 
Post
Modification
 
Loan
Count
 
Pre
Modification
 
Post
Modification
Loan
Count
 
Pre
Modification
 
Post
Modification
 
Loan
Count
 
Pre
Modification
 
Post
Modification
Real estate:                      
Commercial real estate1
 $166
 $166
 1
 $435
 $479
1
 $166
 $166
 1
 $435
 $479
One-to-four family residential
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 1
 40
 40
Construction and development
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
Tax-exempt
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
Consumer
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
Total1
 $166
 $166
 1
 $435
 $479
1
 $166
 $166
 2
 $475
 $519

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The TDRs described above did not increase the allowance for loan losses as of March 31,June 30, 2019 and March 31,June 30, 2018. Additionally, there were no defaults on loans during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2019 or March 31,June 30, 2018, that had been modified in a TDR during the prior twelve months.
Credit Quality Indicators
Loans are categorized based on the degree of risk inherent in the credit and the ability of the borrower to service the debt. A description of the general characteristics of the Bank’s risk rating grades follows:
Pass - These ratings are assigned to loans with a risk level ranging from very low to acceptable based on the borrower’s financial condition, financial trends, management strength, and collateral quality.
Special Mention - This category includes loans with potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan.
Substandard - Loans in this category have well defined weaknesses which jeopardize normal repayment of principal and interest.
Doubtful - Loans in this category have well defined weaknesses that make full collection improbable.
Loss - Loans classified in this category are considered uncollectible and charged-off to the allowance for loan losses.
The following table summarizes loans by risk rating as of March 31,June 30, 2019 (in thousands):
Pass 
Special
Mention
 Substandard Doubtful Loss TotalPass 
Special
Mention
 Substandard Doubtful Loss Total
Real estate:                      
Commercial real estate$456,722
 $15,858
 $2,689
 $
 $
 $475,269
$477,669
 $14,218
 $2,779
 $
 $
 $494,666
One-to-four family residential403,112
 2,784
 927
 
 
 406,823
411,734
 3,039
 1,349
 
 
 416,122
Construction and development109,974
 588
 782
 
 
 111,344
117,323
 581
 1,351
 
 
 119,255
Commercial and industrial248,183
 9,906
 11,898
 
 
 269,987
250,323
 10,222
 11,733
 
 
 272,278
Tax-exempt56,838
 
 
 
 
 56,838
57,497
 
 
 
 
 57,497
Consumer28,724
 37
 159
 
 
 28,920
33,170
 30
 136
 
 
 33,336
Total loans held for investment$1,303,553
 $29,173
 $16,455
 $
 $
 $1,349,181
Total loans HFI$1,347,716
 $28,090
 $17,348
 $
 $
 $1,393,154
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The following table summarizes loans by risk rating as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
Pass 
Special
Mention
 Substandard Doubtful Loss TotalPass 
Special
Mention
 Substandard Doubtful Loss Total
Real estate:                      
Commercial real estate$439,580
 $11,883
 $3,226
 $
 $
 $454,689
$439,580
 $11,883
 $3,226
 $
 $
 $454,689
One-to-four family residential402,864
 1,992
 2,107
 
 
 406,963
402,864
 1,992
 2,107
 
 
 406,963
Construction and development101,754
 375
 739
 
 
 102,868
101,754
 375
 739
 
 
 102,868
Commercial and industrial251,987
 8,311
 15,583
 
 
 275,881
251,987
 8,311
 15,583
 
 
 275,881
Tax-exempt60,104
 
 
 
 
 60,104
60,104
 
 
 
 
 60,104
Consumer27,729
 44
 160
 
 
 27,933
27,729
 44
 160
 
 
 27,933
Total loans held for investment$1,284,018
 $22,605
 $21,815
 $
 $
 $1,328,438
Total loans HFI$1,284,018
 $22,605
 $21,815
 $
 $
 $1,328,438

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4.Junior Subordinated Debentures
The Company haspreviously issued $11.3$6.2 million of floating rate junior subordinated debentures and ishas been the sponsor of three wholly owned business trusts: Trust II, Trust III, and FBT CT I. On April 1, 2013, the Company assumed $5.0$5.2 million of floating rate junior subordinated debentures and FBT CT I in conjunction with its acquisition of Fidelity Bancorp, Inc. ThesePrior to redemption, these trusts havehad issued a total of $11.0 million of floating rate capital securities (trust preferred securities) to investors and a total of $341,000 of common securities to the Company. On June 17, 2019, the Company redeemed all of its floating rate junior subordinated debentures held by Trust III at a redemption price of 100% of the outstanding principal amount of $3.1 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon through the date of redemption. On June 30, 2019, the Company redeemed all of its floating rate junior subordinated debentures held by Trust II at a redemption price of 100% of the outstanding principal amount of $3.1 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon through the date of redemption. As of March 31,June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, floating rate junior subordinated debentures were as follows (in(dollars in thousands):
Trust II Trust III FBT CT I TotalTrust II Trust III FBT CT I Total
As of June 30, 2019:       
Trust preferred securities$
 $
 $5,000
 $5,000
Common securities
 
 155
 155
Total junior subordinated debentures$
 $
 $5,155
 $5,155
       
As of December 31, 2018:       
Trust preferred securities$3,000
 $3,000
 $5,000
 $11,000
$3,000
 $3,000
 $5,000
 $11,000
Common securities93
 93
 155
 341
93
 93
 155
 341
Total junior subordinated debentures$3,093
 $3,093
 $5,155
 $11,341
$3,093
 $3,093
 $5,155
 $11,341
              
Issue dateMay 28, 2003
 April 20, 2005
 September 4, 2003
  May 28, 2003
 April 20, 2005
 September 4, 2003
  
Call dateMay 28, 2008
 June 15, 2010
 August 8, 2008
  May 28, 2008
 June 15, 2010
 August 8, 2008
  
Maturity dateMay 28, 2033
 June 15, 2035
 August 8, 2033
  May 28, 2033
 June 15, 2035
 August 8, 2033
  
Interest rate as of March 31, 20196.05% 4.76% 5.54%  
Redemption dateJune 30, 2019
 June 17, 2019
 August 8, 2019
  
Interest rate as of June 30, 2019(1)
5.84% 4.58% 5.58%  
Interest rate as of December 31, 20185.65% 4.30% 5.34%  5.65% 4.30% 5.34%  

(1)
Interest rate is the earlier of June 30, 2019, or at the date of redemption.
The trust preferred securities represent an interest in the Company’s junior subordinated debentures, which were purchased by the business trusts and have substantially the same payment terms as the trust preferred securities. The junior subordinated debentures are the only assets of the trusts and interest payments from the debentures, payable quarterly, finance the distributions paid on the trust preferred securities. The junior subordinated debentures are redeemable prior to the maturity date, at the option of the Company, in whole or in part, subject to the terms of the trust indentures.
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5.Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception of the contract and assesses the appropriate classification as operating or financing. Operating leases with terms greater than one year are included in right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Agreements with both lease and non-lease components are accounted for separately, with only the lease component capitalized. Operating right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the term using the interest rate implicit in the contract, when available, or the Company's incremental collateralized borrowing rate with similar terms.
The Company maintains six operating leases on land and buildings for banking center facilities under long-term leases. These operating leases contain renewal options for periods ranging from three to five years that expire at various dates through October 31, 2031, with no residual value guarantees. Future obligations relating to the exercise of renewal options is included in the measurement if, based on the judgment of management, the renewal option is reasonably certain to be exercised. Factors in determining whether an option is reasonably certain of exercise include, but are not limited to, the value of leasehold improvements, the value of the renewal rate compared to market rates, and the presence of factors that would cause a significant economic penalty to the Company if the option is not exercised. Management reasonably plans to exercise all options, and as such, all renewal options are included in the measurement of the right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities. As of March 31,June 30, 2019, the Company had right-of-use assets of $4.8$4.7 million and lease liabilities of $4.9$4.8 million.
ASC 842, Leases, provides several practical expedients available for use in transition. The Company elected to use the standard’s package of practical expedients, which allows the use of previous conclusions about lease identification, lease classification, and the accounting treatment for initial direct costs. The Company also elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases with lease terms of one year or less. Therefore, the Company will not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets for such leases.
Operating lease expenses for operating leases accounted for under ASC 842, Leases, for the three months and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2019, were approximately $137,000 and $275,000, respectively, and are included as a component of occupancy and equipment expenses within the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Accounting for leases in accordance with ASC 842, Leases, has not had a material impact on the consolidated statements of income, and is not expected to in future periods.


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The table below summarizes other information related to the Company's operating leases as of and for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands):
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities for operating leases$125
$250
Weighted average remaining operating lease term10.9 years
10.8 years
Weighted average operating lease discount rate3.4%3.4%


Future obligations over the primary and renewal option terms of the Company’s long-term operating leases as of March 31,June 30, 2019, are as follows (in thousands):


 Amount Amount
9 months remaining in 2019 $375
6 months remaining in 2019 $250
2020 520
 520
2021 529
 529
2022 537
 537
2023 539
 539
Thereafter 3,354
 3,354
Total lease payments 5,854
 5,729
Less: Imputed interest (998) (956)
Present value of lease liabilities $4,856
 $4,773

The Company's obligations under financing leases are not material and have not been included in assets and liabilities in the financial statements.
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6.Fair Value
The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
Fair Value Disclosure
AFS securities and loans held for saleHFS are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as impaired loans, foreclosed assets, and other certain assets. The nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, indicates that assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value according to a fair value hierarchy comprised of three levels:
Level 1 pricing represents quotes on the exact financial instrument that is traded in active markets. Quoted prices on actively traded equities, for example, are in this category.
Level 2 pricing is derived from observable data including market spreads, current and projected rates, prepayment data, and credit quality. The valuation may be based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 pricing is derived without the use of observable data. In such cases, mark-to-model strategies are typically employed. Often, these types of instruments have no active market, possess unique characteristics, and are thinly traded.
The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value:
Investment Securities and other Stocks: The fair values for marketable securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1). For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3).
Loans Held for Sale: Residential mortgage loans originated and held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value on an individual basis. The fair values of mortgage loans held for saleHFS are based on commitments on hand from
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investors within the secondary market for loans with similar characteristics. As such, the fair value adjustments for mortgage loans held for saleHFS are recurring Level 2.
Loans Held for Investment: The Company does not record loans held for investmentHFI at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, a loan may be considered impaired and an allowance for loan losses may be established. Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired. Once a loan is identified as individually impaired, management measures impairment using estimated fair value methodologies. The fair value of impaired loans is estimated using one of several methods including collateral value, market value of similar debt, enterprise value, liquidation value, and discounted cash flows. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value, the Company considers the impaired loan as nonrecurring Level 2. When an appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value and there is no observable market price, the Company considers the impaired loan as nonrecurring Level 3.
Foreclosed Assets: Foreclosed assets, consisting of properties obtained through foreclosure or in satisfaction of loans, are reported at fair value, determined on the basis of current appraisals, comparable sales, and other estimates of value obtained principally from independent sources, adjusted for estimated selling costs (Level 2). However, foreclosed assets are considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy because management has qualitatively applied a discount due to the size, supply of inventory, and the incremental discounts applied to the appraisals. Management also considers other factors, including changes in absorption rates, length of time the property has been on the market, and anticipated sales values, which have resulted in adjustments to the collateral value estimates indicated in certain appraisals.
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The table below presents the recorded amount of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
March 31, 2019       
Loans held for sale$2,210
 $
 $2,210
 $
June 30, 2019       
Loans HFS$6,029
 $
 $6,029
 $
Securities AFS:              
Mortgage-backed securities215,271
 
 215,271
 
208,893
 
 208,893
 
U.S. agency securities20,504
 
 20,504
 
18,661
 
 18,661
 
Municipal bonds81,569
 
 81,569
 
88,508
 
 88,508
 
U.S. Treasury securities2,009
 
 2,009
 
2,020
 
 2,020
 
Equity securities3,869
 3,869
 
 
3,924
 3,924
 
 
              
December 31, 2018              
Loans held for sale$2,904
 $
 $2,904
 $
Loans HFS$2,904
 $
 $2,904
 $
Securities AFS:              
Mortgage-backed securities214,688
 
 214,688
 
214,688
 
 214,688
 
U.S. agency securities22,915
 
 22,915
 
22,915
 
 22,915
 
Municipal bonds68,275
 
 68,275
 
68,275
 
 68,275
 
U.S. Treasury securities1,999
 
 1,999
 
1,999
 
 1,999
 
Equity securities3,821
 3,821
 
 
3,821
 3,821
 
 

There were no transfers between Level 1, 2, or 3 during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018.
The following table presents the recorded amount of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis (in thousands):
Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
March 31, 2019       
June 30, 2019       
Impaired loans$12,936
 $
 $
 $12,936
$16,112
 $
 $
 $16,112
Foreclosed assets414
 
 
 414
1,107
 
 
 1,107
              
December 31, 2018              
Impaired loans$19,235
 $
 $
 $19,235
$19,235
 $
 $
 $19,235
Foreclosed assets646
 
 
 646
646
 
 
 646

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The Company had no liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.
The unobservable inputs used for the Level 3 fair value measurements on a nonrecurring basis are as follows:
    Weighted Average Discount    Weighted Average Discount
Valuation Technique Unobservable Input March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018Valuation Technique Unobservable Input June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Impaired loansDiscounted appraisals Collateral discounts and costs to sell 21.81% 11.97%Discounted appraisals Collateral discounts and costs to sell 18.77% 11.97%
Foreclosed assetsDiscounted appraisals Collateral discounts and costs to sell 10.02% 6.21%Discounted appraisals Collateral discounts and costs to sell 3.75% 6.21%

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The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments, as of March 31,June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows (in thousands):
Carrying
Amount
 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Carrying
Amount
 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
March 31, 2019         
June 30, 2019         
Financial assets:                  
Cash and due from banks$32,371
 $32,371
 $32,371
 $
 $
$29,854
 $29,854
 $29,854
 $
 $
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks145,593
 145,593
 145,593
 
 
71,761
 71,761
 71,761
 
 
Securities AFS319,353
 319,353
 
 319,353
 
318,082
 318,082
 
 318,082
 
Equity securities3,869
 3,869
 3,869
 
 
3,924
 3,924
 3,924
 
 
Nonmarketable equity securities1,303
 1,303
 
 1,303
 
1,342
 1,342
 
 1,342
 
Loans held for sale2,210
 2,210
 
 2,210
 
Loans held for investment, net of allowance1,336,080
 1,329,858
 
 
 1,329,858
Loans HFS6,029
 6,029
 
 6,029
 
Loans HFI, net of allowance1,379,563
 1,368,933
 
 
 1,368,933
Accrued interest receivable4,988
 4,988
 
 
 4,988
5,570
 5,570
 
 
 5,570
Financial liabilities:                  
Deposits1,691,134
 1,688,215
 
 1,688,215
 
1,634,590
 1,633,948
 
 1,633,948
 
Junior subordinated debentures11,341
 11,341
 
 11,341
 
5,155
 5,155
 
 5,155
 
Accrued interest payable1,967
 1,967
 
 1,967
 
1,998
 1,998
 
 1,998
 
                  
December 31, 2018                  
Financial assets:                  
Cash and due from banks$34,070
 $34,070
 $34,070
 $
 $
$34,070
 $34,070
 $34,070
 $
 $
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks117,836
 117,836
 117,836
 
 
117,836
 117,836
 117,836
 
 
Securities AFS307,877
 307,877
 
 307,877
 
307,877
 307,877
 
 307,877
 
Equity securities3,821
 3,821
 3,821
 
 
3,821
 3,821
 3,821
 
 
Nonmarketable equity securities1,299
 1,299
 
 1,299
 
1,299
 1,299
 
 1,299
 
Loans held for sale2,904
 2,904
 
 2,904
 
Loans held for investment, net of allowance1,315,914
 1,301,960
 
 
 1,301,960
Loans HFS2,904
 2,904
 
 2,904
 
Loans HFI, net of allowance1,315,914
 1,301,960
 
 
 1,301,960
Accrued interest receivable5,013
 5,013
 
 
 5,013
5,013
 5,013
 
 
 5,013
Financial liabilities:                  
Deposits1,645,583
 1,641,136
 
 1,641,136
 
1,645,583
 1,641,136
 
 1,641,136
 
Junior subordinated debentures11,341
 11,341
 
 11,341
 
11,341
 11,341
 
 11,341
 
Accrued interest payable1,757
 1,757
 
 1,757
 
1,757
 1,757
 
 1,757
 

7.Regulatory Capital Requirements
The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the FDIC. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s and the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.
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The Bank is also subject to Basel III capital guidelines. Basel III requires certain minimum ratios in order to be considered adequately capitalized. In addition, a capital conservation buffer, comprised of common equity Tier 1 capital, was established above the minimum regulatory capital requirements. This capital conservation buffer was phased in beginning January 1, 2016 at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets and increased each subsequent year by an additional 0.625% until reaching its final level of 2.5% on January 1, 2019. Strict eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments were also implemented under the Basel III. It is management’s belief that, as of March 31,June 30, 2019, the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements under Basel III.
The most recent notification from the FDIC (as of March 31, 2018) categorized the Bank as well capitalized"well capitalized" under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be classified as well capitalized,"well capitalized", the Bank must maintain minimum
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total risk-based capital, Tier I risk-based capital, common equity Tier I capital, and leverage ratios. Management expects that the capital ratios for the Bank under Basel III will continue to exceed the adequately capitalized requirements.
Capital amounts and ratios as of March 31,June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 for the Bank are presented in the following table (in(dollars in thousands):
     Regulatory Requirements
 Actual Minimum To Be
Adequately Capitalized
 Under Prompt
Corrective Action
Provisons
 Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
Red River Bank           
June 30, 2019:           
Total Risk-Based Capital$223,928
 15.71% $114,048
 8.00% $149,689
 10.50%
Tier I Risk-Based Capital$210,337
 14.75% $85,536
 6.00% $121,177
 8.50%
Common Equity Tier I Capital$210,337
 14.75% $64,152
 4.50% $99,792
 7.00%
Tier I Leverage Capital$210,337
 11.18% $75,242
 4.00% $94,052
 5.00%
            
December 31, 2018:           
Total Risk-Based Capital$211,240
 15.66% $107,912
 8.00% $133,204
 9.88%
Tier I Risk-Based Capital$198,716
 14.73% $80,934
 6.00% $106,226
 7.88%
Common Equity Tier I Capital$198,716
 14.73% $60,701
 4.50% $85,993
 6.38%
Tier I Leverage Capital$198,716
 10.76% $73,874
 4.00% $92,343
 5.00%
     Regulatory Requirements
 Actual Minimum To Be
Adequately Capitalized
 Under Prompt
Corrective Action
Provisons
 Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
Red River Bank           
March 31, 2019:           
Total Risk-Based Capital$217,677
 15.75% $110,573
 8.00% $145,127
 10.50%
Tier I Risk-Based Capital$204,576
 14.80% $82,930
 6.00% $117,484
 8.50%
Common Equity Tier I Capital$204,576
 14.80% $62,197
 4.50% $96,751
 7.00%
Tier I Leverage Capital$204,576
 10.93% $74,897
 4.00% $93,622
 5.00%
            
December 31, 2018:           
Total Risk-Based Capital$211,240
 15.66% $107,912
 8.00% $133,204
 9.88%
Tier I Risk-Based Capital$198,716
 14.73% $80,934
 6.00% $106,226
 7.88%
Common Equity Tier I Capital$198,716
 14.73% $60,701
 4.50% $85,993
 6.38%
Tier I Leverage Capital$198,716
 10.76% $73,874
 4.00% $92,343
 5.00%

As a general matter, bank holding companies are subject to capital adequacy requirements under applicable Federal Reserve regulations. However, bank holding companies which qualify as "small bank holding companies" under the Federal Reserve's Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement are exempt from the Federal Reserve's capital adequacy guidelines at the holding company level. In May 2018, the Economic Growth Act was enacted, and it increased the asset threshold for "small bank holding companies" from $1.0 billion to $3.0 billion. Because the Company has less than $3.0 billion in assets, it is no longer subject to capital adequacy guidelines on a consolidated basis. Although the minimum regulatory capital requirements are no longer applicable to the Company, the Company calculates these ratios for its own planning and monitoring purposes.
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Capital amounts and ratios as of March 31,June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 for the Company are presented in the following table (in(dollars in thousands):
ActualActual
Amount RatioAmount Ratio
Red River Bancshares, Inc.      
March 31, 2019:   
June 30, 2019:   
Total Risk-Based Capital$228,360
 16.52%$255,249
 17.90%
Tier I Risk-Based Capital$215,259
 15.57%$241,658
 16.95%
Common Equity Tier I Capital$204,259
 14.78%$236,658
 16.60%
Tier I Leverage Capital$215,259
 11.50%$241,658
 12.83%
      
December 31, 2018:      
Total Risk-Based Capital$223,187
 16.55%$223,187
 16.55%
Tier I Risk-Based Capital$210,663
 15.62%$210,663
 15.62%
Common Equity Tier I Capital$199,663
 14.80%$199,663
 14.80%
Tier I Leverage Capital$210,663
 11.40%$210,663
 11.40%

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8.Equity Events
IPO
The Company's common stock began trading on May 3, 2019 on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "RRBI." On May 7, 2019, the Company completed an IPO of its common stock at a public offering price of $45.00 per share. A total of 690,000 shares of the Company's common stock were sold in the IPO, of which the Company sold 663,320 shares (including 90,000 shares sold pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares) and certain shareholders sold 26,680 shares. The Company received net proceeds of $26.8 million in the offering.
Cash Dividends

As a Louisiana corporation, the Company is subject to certain restrictions on dividends under the Louisiana Business Corporation Act. Generally, a Louisiana corporation may pay dividends to its shareholders unless, after giving effect to the dividend, either: (1) the corporation would not be able to pay its debts as they come due in the usual course of business; or (2) the corporation’s total assets would be less than the sum of its total liabilities and the amount that would be needed, if the corporation were to be dissolved at the time of the payment of the dividend, to satisfy the preferential rights of shareholders whose preferential rights are superior to those receiving the dividend. The Company's status as a bank holding company also affects its ability to pay dividends in two additional ways. First, since the Company is a holding company with no material business activities of its own, its ability to pay dividends could become dependent upon the ability of Red River Bank to transfer funds to it in the form of dividends, loans, and advances. The Bank’s ability to pay dividends and make other distributions and payments to the Company is itself subject to various legal, regulatory, and other restrictions, and the present and future dividend policy of Red River Bank is subject to the discretion of its
board of directors. Second, as a bank holding company, the Company's payment of dividends must comply with the laws, regulations, and policies of the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve has issued a supervisory letter on the payment of cash dividends by bank holding companies, which expresses the Federal Reserve’s view that a bank holding company should pay cash dividends only to the extent that: (1) the holding company’s net income for the past four quarters, net of any dividends previously paid during that period, is sufficient to fully fund the dividends; (2) the prospective rate of earnings retention is consistent with the bank holding company’s capital needs, asset quality, and overall financial condition; and (3) the bank holding company will continue to meet, and is not in danger of failing to meet, minimum regulatory capital adequacy ratios.
The ability of Red River Bank to pay dividends on its common stock is restricted by Louisiana Banking Law, the FDIA, and by FDIC regulations. In general, the board of directors of a Louisiana state bank may, quarterly, semiannually, or annually, declare or pay dividends on its outstanding capital stock, provided that the bank has surplus at least equal to 50.0% of its capital stock and such surplus will not be reduced below 50.0% following payment of the dividend. Prior approval of the Louisiana Office of Financial Institutions is required for a Louisiana state bank to pay any dividend that would exceed its net profits earned during the current year combined with its retained net profits of the immediately preceding year. In general terms, the FDIA and FDIC regulations restrict the payment of dividends when a bank is undercapitalized, when a bank has failed to pay insurance assessments, or when there are safety and soundness concerns regarding a bank.
The Bank and the Company have internal policies to not ordinarily pay dividends if following the payment, the entity would not be “well-capitalized”“well capitalized” under all applicable measurement ratios calculated pursuant to the regulatory capital adequacy guidelines. The exception to this policy is in situations where the payment of a dividend is necessary for the Company to be able to meet its obligations and as long as after such payment the Bank would still be considered “adequately-capitalized”“adequately capitalized” under the regulatory capital adequacy guidelines.
Taking into consideration the Company's performance and capital levels, dividends were paid in both 2018 and 2019. In May 2018, the Company paid a cash dividend of $0.15 per share, adjusted for the 2018 2-for-1 stock split, to shareholders of record as of March 31, 2018. In February 2019, the Company paid a cash dividend of $0.20 per share to shareholders of record as of January 31, 2019.
Stock split
In 2018, the Board of Directors authorized a 2-for-1 stock split that was accomplished by a stock dividend with a record date of October 1, 2018, whereby each holder of record of the Company's common stock received one additional share of common stock for each share owned as of such date. This transaction is referred to in this report as the 2018 2-for-1 stock split.
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9.Earnings Per Common Share
Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, after giving retroactive effect to stock splits. Diluted EPS includes accrued but unissued shares relating to the Directors’Director Compensation Program, stock options, and restricted stock using the treasury stock method. The dilutive EPS calculation assumes all outstanding stock options to purchase common stock have been exercised at the beginning of the year and the pro forma proceeds from the exercised options and restricted stock are used to purchase common stock at the average fair market valuation price.
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The computations of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the Company were as follows (in thousands, except share amounts):
For the Three Months Ended March 31,For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Numerator:          
Net income - basic$5,696
 $5,231
$5,538
 $5,532
 $11,234
 $10,763
Net income - diluted$5,696
 $5,231
$5,538
 $5,532
 $11,234
 $10,763
          
Denominator:(1)
          
Weighted - average shares outstanding - basic6,632,482
 6,721,200
Plus: Effect of Directors Compensation Program574
 677
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic7,037,834
 6,725,246
 6,836,278
 6,723,235
Plus: Effect of Director Compensation Program590
 606
 1,073
 1,283
Plus: Effect of stock options and restricted stock34,973
 43,400
36,345
 43,606
 37,209
 44,130
Weighted - average shares outstanding - diluted6,668,029
 6,765,277
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted7,074,769
 6,769,458
 6,874,560
 6,768,648
          
Earnings per common share:          
Basic$0.86
 $0.78
$0.79
 $0.82
 $1.64
 $1.60
Diluted$0.85
 $0.77
$0.78
 $0.82
 $1.63
 $1.59
(1) 
2018 amounts adjusted to give effect to the 2018 2-for-1 stock split
10.Subsequent Events
The Company's common stock began trading on May 3, 2019 on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "RRBI." On May 7,August 8, 2019, the Company completed an IPOredeemed all of its common stockjunior subordinated debentures held by FBT CT I at a public offeringredemption price of $45.00 per share. A total of 690,000 shares100% of the Company's common stock were sold inoutstanding principal amount of $5.2 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon through the IPO,date of which the Company sold 663,320 shares (including 90,000 shares sold pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares) and certain shareholders sold 26,680 shares. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $26.8 million in the offering.redemption. For further details on junior subordinated debentures, see "Note 4 - Junior Subordinated Debentures."
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The purpose of this discussion and analysis is to focus on significant changes in the financial condition of Red River Bancshares, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiary, Red River Bank, from December 31, 2018 through March 31,June 30, 2019 and on our results of operations for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2019 and March 31,June 30, 2018. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statementsour audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018 included in our Prospectus that was filed with the SEC on May 3, 2019, relating to the IPO, and information presented elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, particularly the unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in Item 1.
The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. We caution that assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions, or beliefs about future events may, and often do, vary from actual results and the differences can be material. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Also, see risk factors and other cautionary statements described under the heading “Risk Factors” included in our Prospectus filed with the SEC on May 3, 2019. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements except as otherwise required by applicable law.
CORPORATE SUMMARY
Red River Bancshares, Inc. was founded in 1998 and is a bank holding company headquartered in Alexandria, Louisiana. On May 3, 2019, our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the trading symbol "RRBI", and on May 7, 2019, we completed an IPO of our common stock.
Through our wholly owned subsidiary, Red River Bank, a Louisiana state-chartered bank, we provide a fully integrated suite of banking products and services tailored to the needs of our commercial and retail customers.
We operate from a network of 23 banking centers throughout Louisiana and one loan production office in Covington, Louisiana. Banking centers are located in the following markets: Central Louisiana, which includes the Alexandria MSA; Northwest Louisiana, which includes the Shreveport-Bossier City MSA; Southeast Louisiana, which includes the Baton Rouge MSA; and Southwest Louisiana, which includes the Lake Charles MSA.
Our priority is to drive shareholder value through the establishment of a market-leading commercial banking franchise in Louisiana. We provide superior service through highly qualified, relationship-oriented bankers who are committed to their customers and the communities in which we offer our products and services. Our strategy is to expand geographically through the establishment of de novo banking centers in new markets and, to a lesser extent, through the acquisition of financial institutions with customer-oriented, compatible philosophies and in desirable geographic areas.
OVERVIEW
In the first quarter of 2019, the Company showed continued growth in total assets, higher profitability compared to the first quarter of 2018, and improved asset quality results. On January 14, 2019, we celebrated 20 years since Red River Bank opened for banking services. In the firstsecond quarter of 2019, we declaredcompleted an IPO of our common stock, and paidour stock was selected to be included in the Russell 2000 Index. We also redeemed a cash dividendportion of $0.20our junior subordinated debentures, completed the expansion of a new market headquarters building in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and began providing lending services in a new market.
On May 3, 2019, our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the trading symbol "RRBI." On May 7, 2019, we completed an IPO of our common stock with the issuance of 663,320 new shares of common stock at a public offering price of $45.00 per common share. We received net proceeds of $26.8 million in the offering.
The following tables contain selected financial information regarding our financial positionAs planned, a portion of the proceeds from the IPO have been used to redeem junior subordinated debentures. In June 2019, $6.2 million of junior subordinated debentures were redeemed and performance asthe associated business trusts were terminated. As of June 30, 2018, we had $5.2 million of junior subordinated debentures outstanding, which were redeemed on August 8, 2019, and the associated business trust was terminated.
We completed the expansion of a new market headquarters building in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, providing a central office for the periods indicated:commercial, mortgage, investment, and private banking department operations in this market.
 As of Change from
December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019
 March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 $ Change % Change
 (Dollars in thousands)
Selected Period End Balance Sheet Data:       
Total assets$1,922,118
 $1,860,588
 $61,530
 3.3%
Securities available-for-sale319,353
 307,877
 11,476
 3.7%
Loans held for investment1,349,181
 1,328,438
 20,743
 1.6%
Total deposits1,691,134
 1,645,583
 45,551
 2.8%
Junior subordinated debentures11,341
 11,341
 
 %
Total stockholders’ equity202,184
 193,703
 8,481
 4.4%
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 As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31,    
 2019 2018 $ Change % Change
 (Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net Income$5,696
 $5,231
 $465
 8.9%
        
Per Common Share Data:(1)
       
Earnings per share, diluted$0.85
 $0.77
 $0.08
 10.4%
Book value per share$30.46
 $26.64
 $3.82
 14.3%
Tangible book value per share$30.23
 $26.41
 $3.82
 14.5%
Cash dividends per share$0.20
 $0.15
 $0.05
 33.3%
  
  
    
Summary Performance Ratios:       
Return on average assets1.24% 1.22%    
Return on average equity11.69% 11.88%    
Net interest margin (FTE)3.50% 3.37%    
Efficiency ratio59.52% 60.39%    
Loans to deposits ratio79.91% 81.98%    
Noninterest income to average assets0.72% 0.74%    
Operating expense to average assets2.43% 2.40%    
  
  
    
Summary Credit Quality Ratios:       
Nonperforming assets to total assets0.34% 0.57%    
Allowance for loan losses to total loans held for investment0.97% 0.88%    
Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding0.00% 0.00%    
  
  
    
Capital Ratios: 
  
    
Total stockholders’ equity to total assets10.52% 10.16%    
Tangible common equity to tangible assets10.45% 10.08%    
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets16.52% 15.99%    
Tier 1 risk-based capital to average assets11.50% 11.28%    
(1)
2018 amounts adjusted to give effect to the 2018 2-for-1 stock split
As part of our organic expansion plan, in the fourth quarter of 2018, we purchased an existing banking center location in Covington, Louisiana (St. Tammany Parish), for future expansion.expansion in the Northshore area of Louisiana. In the first quarter of 2019, we hired an experienced banker with extensive knowledge of the St. Tammany community as our area president and, effectivepresident. On April 3, 2019, we opened a temporary loan production office and began making loans in Covington. Duringour newest market. Also in Covington during the second quarter of 2019, we arecontinued remodeling and updating the banking center location that was purchased in 2018. While these renovations are being completed, we are operating from the LPO in a leased office a short distance from the permanent banking center. After the renovations to the banking center location are completed, which we expect will be in the third quarterSeptember of 2019, our plans are to close the LPO and shift our operations into the permanent, full-service banking center.
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The following tables contain selected financial information regarding our financial position and performance as of and for the periods indicated:
 As of Change from
December 31, 2018 to June 30, 2019
 June 30,
2019
 December 31, 2018 $ Change % Change
 (Dollars in thousands)
Selected Period End Balance Sheet Data:       
Total assets$1,892,918
 $1,860,588
 $32,330
 1.7 %
Securities available-for-sale318,082
 307,877
 10,205
 3.3 %
Loans held for investment1,393,154
 1,328,438
 64,716
 4.9 %
Total deposits1,634,590
 1,645,583
 (10,993) (0.7)%
Junior subordinated debentures5,155
 11,341
 (6,186) (54.5)%
Total stockholders’ equity237,911
 193,703
 44,208
 22.8 %
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As of and for the
three months ended
 
As of and for the
six months ended
  June 30, March 31, June 30, June 30, June 30,
  2019 2019 2018 2019 2018
  (Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net Income $5,538
 $5,696
 $5,532
 $11,234
 $10,763
           
Per Common Share Data:(1)
          
Earnings per share, basic $0.79
 $0.86
 $0.82
 $1.64
 $1.60
Earnings per share, diluted $0.78
 $0.85
 $0.82
 $1.63
 $1.59
Book value per share $32.59
 $30.46
 $27.37
 $32.59
 $27.37
Tangible book value per share $32.38
 $30.23
 $27.14
 $32.38
 $27.14
Cash dividends per share $
 $0.20
 $
 $0.20
 $0.15
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic 7,037,834 6,632,482 6,725,246 6,836,278 6,723,235
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted 7,074,769 6,668,029 6,769,458 6,874,560 6,768,648
           
Summary Performance Ratios:          
Return on average assets 1.18% 1.24% 1.26% 1.21% 1.24%
Return on average equity 9.92% 11.69% 12.22% 10.74% 12.02%
Net interest margin 3.46% 3.47% 3.41% 3.47% 3.37%
Net interest margin (FTE) 3.51% 3.52% 3.45% 3.52% 3.42%
Efficiency ratio 62.81% 59.52% 60.05% 61.20% 60.21%
Loans HFI to deposits ratio 85.23% 79.78% 85.02% 85.23% 85.02%
Noninterest-bearing deposits to deposits ratio 35.30% 33.45% 35.04% 35.30% 35.04%
Noninterest income to average assets 0.87% 0.72% 0.83% 0.80% 0.78%
Operating expense to average assets 2.65% 2.43% 2.48% 2.54% 2.44%
           
Summary Credit Quality Ratios:          
Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.70% 0.34% 0.70% 0.70% 0.70%
Nonperforming loans to loans HFI 0.87% 0.46% 0.84% 0.87% 0.84%
Allowance for loan losses to loans HFI 0.98% 0.97% 0.89% 0.98% 0.89%
Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01%
           
Capital Ratios:          
Total stockholders’ equity to total assets 12.57% 10.52% 10.43% 12.57% 10.43%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets 12.50% 10.45% 10.35% 12.50% 10.35%
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets 17.90% 16.52% 16.44% 17.90% 16.44%
Tier 1 risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets 16.95% 15.57% 15.54% 16.95% 15.54%
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets 16.60% 14.78% 14.69% 16.60% 14.69%
Tier 1 risk-based capital to average assets 12.83% 11.50% 11.41% 12.83% 11.41%
(1)
2018 amounts adjusted to give effect to the 2018 2-for-1 stock split.

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FINANCIAL CONDITION
General
As of March 31,June 30, 2019, total assets were $1.92$1.89 billion which was $61.5$32.3 million, or 3.3%1.7%, higher than total assets of $1.86 billion as of December 31, 2018. Within total assets, compared to December 31, 2018, loans HFI increased by $64.7 million, AFS securities increased by $10.2 million, and interest-bearing deposits in other banks increaseddecreased by $27.8 million, loans held for investment increased by $20.7$46.1 million. For liabilities, deposits decreased $11.0 million and securities increased by $11.5junior subordinated debentures decreased $6.2 million inbetween December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2019. As of June 30, 2019, the first quarter of 2019. The balance sheet growth was funded by a $45.6 million increase in deposits in the first quarter of 2019. The loans HFI to deposits ratio was 79.91% as85.23% and the noninterest-bearing deposits to total deposits ratio was 35.30%. Stockholders' equity increased $44.2 million, mainly due to the $26.8 million of March 31, 2019.proceeds from the IPO, net of expenses and underwriting commissions.
Securities
Our securities portfolio is the second largest component of earning assets and provides a significant source of revenue. As of March 31,June 30, 2019, our securities portfolio was 16.8%17.0% of total assets. It is designed primarily to provide and maintain liquidity, generate a favorable return on investments without incurring unnecessary interest rate and credit risk, and complement our lending activities. As of March 31,June 30, 2019, all securities were classified as AFS within the portfolio. We
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may invest in various types of liquid assets that are permissible under governing regulations and approved by our investment policy, which include U.S. Treasury obligations, U.S. government agency obligations, certificates of deposit of insured domestic banks, mortgage-backed and mortgage-related securities, corporate notes having an investment rating of A"A" or better, municipal bonds, and certain equity securities. We do not purchase noninvestment grade bonds or stripped mortgage-backed securities for the portfolio.
Total securities were $323.2$322.0 million as of March 31,June 30, 2019, an increase of $11.5$10.3 million, or 3.7%3.3%, from $311.7 million as of December 31, 2018. The $322.0 million was comprised of $318.1 million in AFS securities and $3.9 million in equity securities. Investment activity for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2019, included $23.8$34.9 million of securities purchased, offset by $17.0$33.3 million in maturities, prepayments, and calls. The additional net increase in investments was primarily due to redirecting available short-term assets into the securities portfolio. As of March 31, 2019, we held $319.4 million of AFS securities and $3.9 million in equity securities.
The securities portfolio tax-equivalent yield was 2.29%2.31% for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2019, compared to 2.16% for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2018. The increase in yield for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2019, compared to the same period for 2018, was primarily due to the purchasing of $44.5$52.6 million of securities from March 31,June 30, 2018 to March 31,June 30, 2019, at significantly higher yields than the existing portfolio yield at the time of the purchases.
The carrying values of our securities classified as AFS are adjusted for unrealized gain or loss, and any unrealized gain or loss is reported on an after-tax basis as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. Equity securities, consisting of a mutual fund, are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheetsheets with periodic changes in value recorded through the income statement.consolidated statements of income. As of March 31,June 30, 2019, the net unrealized loss of the AFS securities portfolio was $4.6 million,$370,000, or 1.4%0.1% of the total carrying value of the portfolio, as compared to a net unrealized loss of $9.5 million, or 3.0% of the total carrying value of the portfolio, as of December 31, 2018.
The fair value of our equity securities was $3.9 million with recognized losses of $131,000$76,000 for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2019, compared to $3.8 million with recognized losses of $85,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018. Prior to the 2018 adoption of ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10), mutual fund securities were included in AFS securities.
The following tables summarize the amortized cost and estimated fair value of our securities by type as of the dates indicated. As of March 31,June 30, 2019, other than securities issued by U.S. government agencies or government sponsored enterprises, our securities portfolio did not contain securities of any one issuer with an aggregate book value in excess of 10.0% of our stockholders’ equity.
 Amounts as of March 31, 2019
 Amortized
Cost
 Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Fair Value
 (in thousands)
Securities AFS:       
Mortgage-backed securities$219,112
 $81
 $(3,922) $215,271
Municipal bonds82,302
 387
 (1,120) 81,569
U.S. agency securities20,528
 47
 (71) 20,504
U.S. Treasury securities1,995
 14
 
 2,009
Total Securities AFS:$323,937
 $529
 $(5,113) $319,353
Amounts as of December 31,2018Amounts as of June 30, 2019
Amortized
Cost
 Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Fair ValueAmortized
Cost
 Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Fair Value
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Securities AFS:              
Mortgage-backed securities$221,799
 $11
 $(7,122) $214,688
$209,919
 $482
 $(1,508) $208,893
Municipal bonds70,416
 94
 (2,235) 68,275
88,010
 987
 (489) 88,508
U.S. agency securities23,170
 6
 (261) 22,915
18,527
 148
 (14) 18,661
U.S. Treasury securities1,994
 5
 
 1,999
1,996
 24
 
 2,020
Total Securities AFS:$317,379
 $116
 $(9,618) $307,877
Total Securities AFS$318,452
 $1,641
 $(2,011) $318,082
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 Amounts as of December 31,2018
 Amortized
Cost
 Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Fair Value
 (in thousands)
Securities AFS:       
Mortgage-backed securities$221,799
 $11
 $(7,122) $214,688
Municipal bonds70,416
 94
 (2,235) 68,275
U.S. agency securities23,170
 6
 (261) 22,915
U.S. Treasury securities1,994
 5
 
 1,999
Total Securities AFS$317,379
 $116
 $(9,618) $307,877
The following tables show the fair value of AFS securities which mature during each of the periods indicated. The contractual maturity of a mortgage-backed security is the date at which the last underlying mortgage matures. The yields shown in the tabletables indicate tax-equivalenttax equivalent projected book yields as of the dates indicated.
Amounts as of March 31, 2019 which matureAmounts as of June 30, 2019 which mature
Within
One Year
 
After One Year
but Within
Five Years
 
After Five Years
but Within
Ten Years
 
After
Ten Years
 Total
Within
One Year
 
After One Year
but Within
Five Years
 
After Five Years
but Within
Ten Years
 
After
Ten Years
 Total
Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount YieldAmount 
Yield(1)
 Amount 
Yield(1)
 Amount 
Yield(1)
 Amount 
Yield(1)
 Amount 
Yield(1)
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Securities AFS:                                      
Mortgage-backed securities$9
 2.94% $30,289
 1.75% $46,039
 2.08% $138,934
 2.24% $215,271
 2.14%$23
 2.93% $28,489
 1.75% $44,264
 2.07% $136,117
 2.21% $208,893
 2.12%
Municipal bonds3,618
 3.01% 11,184
 2.26% 37,196
 2.61% 29,571
 3.52% 81,569
 2.91%2,199
 1.61% 16,444
 2.22% 37,396
 2.72% 32,469
 3.49% 88,508
 2.88%
U.S. agency securities6,964
 1.44% 6,167
 2.58% 5,418
 2.58% 1,955
 3.00% 20,504
 2.23%6,991
 1.44% 4,207
 2.38% 5,512
 2.59% 1,951
 2.98% 18,661
 2.15%
U.S. Treasury securities
 % 2,009
 2.84% 
 % 
 % 2,009
 2.84%
 % 2,020
 2.84% 
 % 
 % 2,020
 2.84%
Total Securities AFS:$10,591
 1.98% $49,649
 2.01% $88,653
 2.33% $170,460
 2.47% $319,353
 2.34%
Total Securities AFS$9,213
 1.48% $51,160
 1.99% $87,172
 2.38% $170,537
 2.46% $318,082
 2.33%
(1)
Tax equivalent projected book yield as of the date indicated.
Amounts as of December 31, 2018 which matureAmounts as of December 31, 2018 which mature
Within
One Year
 
After One Year
but Within
Five Years
 
After Five Years
but Within
Ten Years
 
After
Ten Years
 Total
Within
One Year
 
After One Year
but Within
Five Years
 
After Five Years
but Within
Ten Years
 
After
Ten Years
 Total
Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount YieldAmount 
Yield(1)
 Amount 
Yield(1)
 Amount 
Yield(1)
 Amount 
Yield(1)
 Amount 
Yield(1)
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Securities AFS:                                      
Mortgage-backed securities$9
 2.70% $29,591
 1.73% $45,409
 1.98% $139,679
 2.23% $214,688
 2.11%$9
 2.70% $29,591
 1.73% $45,409
 1.98% $139,679
 2.23% $214,688
 2.11%
Municipal bonds5,647
 2.35% 10,084
 2.26% 35,727
 2.60% 16,817
 3.51% 68,275
 2.76%5,647
 2.35% 10,084
 2.26% 35,727
 2.60% 16,817
 3.51% 68,275
 2.76%
U.S. agency securities6,934
 1.44% 9,348
 2.67% 4,670
 2.53% 1,963
 2.81% 22,915
 2.28%6,934
 1.44% 9,348
 2.67% 4,670
 2.53% 1,963
 2.81% 22,915
 2.28%
U.S. treasury securities
 % 1,999
 2.84% 
 % 
 % 1,999
 2.84%
 % 1,999
 2.84% 
 % 
 % 1,999
 2.84%
Total Securities AFS:$12,590
 1.85% $51,022
 2.05% $85,806
 2.27% $158,459
 2.37% $307,877
 2.27%
Total Securities AFS$12,590
 1.85% $51,022
 2.05% $85,806
 2.27% $158,459
 2.37% $307,877
 2.27%
(1)
Tax equivalent projected book yield as of the date indicated.
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Loan Portfolio
Our loan portfolio is our largest category of earning assets, and interest income earned on our loan portfolio is our primary source of income. We maintain a diversified loan portfolio with a focus on commercial real estate, one-to-four family residential, and commercial and industrial loans. As of March 31,June 30, 2019, total loans held for investmentHFI were $1.35$1.39 billion, an increase of $20.7$64.7 million, or 1.6%4.9%, compared to $1.33 billion as of December 31, 2018. New loan origination activity was normal for the first quarter,six months and spread across all of our markets, with our newer markets experiencing the most growth. The loan portfolio was also impacted by problem loan pay downs, including a substandard energy loan that was paid off in full during the first quarter. Energy related credits were 2.6%2.5% of the loan portfolioloans HFI as of March 31,June 30, 2019, compared to 2.9% as of December 31, 2018.
TotalLoans HFI by category and loans held for investment by categoryHFS are summarized below as of the dates indicated:
March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Amount Percent Amount PercentAmount Percent Amount Percent
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate:              
Commercial real estate$475,269
 35.2% $454,689
 34.2%$494,666
 35.5% $454,689
 34.2%
One-to-four family residential406,823
 30.2% 406,963
 30.7%416,122
 29.9% 406,963
 30.7%
Construction and development111,344
 8.3% 102,868
 7.7%119,255
 8.6% 102,868
 7.7%
Commercial and industrial269,987
 20.0% 275,881
 20.8%272,278
 19.5% 275,881
 20.8%
Tax-exempt56,838
 4.2% 60,104
 4.5%57,497
 4.1% 60,104
 4.5%
Consumer28,920
 2.1% 27,933
 2.1%33,336
 2.4% 27,933
 2.1%
Total loans held for investment$1,349,181
 100.0% $1,328,438
 100.0%
Total loans held for sale$2,210
   $2,904
  
Total loans HFI$1,393,154
 100.0% $1,328,438
 100.0%
Total loans HFS$6,029
   $2,904
  
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Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans and property acquired through foreclosures or repossession. Nonperforming loans include loans that are contractually past due 90 days or more and loans that are on nonaccrual status. Loans are considered past due when principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments are due.
Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when management determines that a borrower may be unable to meet future contractual payments as they become due. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, uncollected accrued interest is reversed, reducing interest income, and future interest income accrual is discontinued. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
Asset quality is managed through disciplined underwriting policies, continual monitoring of loan performance, and focused management of nonperforming assets. There can be no assurance, however, that the loan portfolio will not become subject to losses due to declines in economic conditions, deterioration in the financial condition of our borrowers, or a decline in the value of collateral.
Asset quality levels improved in the first quarter of 2019. Our nonperforming assets to total assets ratio was 0.34%0.70% as of March 31,June 30, 2019, compared to 0.38% as of December 31, 2018. Total nonperforming assets decreased $570,000,increased $6.1 million, or 8.0%85.2%, to $6.6$13.2 million as of March 31,June 30, 2019 from $7.1 million as of December 31, 2018. This decreaseincrease was mainly due to the sale of foreclosed assets and improved performance ofa $5.7 million increase in loans ninety days or more past due primarily related to secured commercial loans.
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Nonperforming loan and asset information is summarized below:
March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Nonperforming loans:      
Nonaccrual loans$5,445
 $5,560
$5,518
 $5,560
Accruing loans 90 or more days past due716
 939
6,633
 939
Total nonperforming loans6,161
 6,499
12,151
 6,499
Foreclosed assets:      
Real estate414
 646
1,062
 646
Other
 
17
 
Total foreclosed assets414
 646
1,079
 646
Total nonperforming assets$6,575
 $7,145
$13,230
 $7,145
      
Troubled debt restructurings:(1)
      
Nonaccrual loans$3,513
 $3,540
$3,478
 $3,540
Accruing loans 90 or more days past due
 

 
Performing loans1,710
 1,572
1,679
 1,572
Total troubled debt restructurings$5,223
 $5,112
$5,157
 $5,112
      
Nonperforming loans to total loans held for investment(1)
0.46% 0.49%
Nonperforming loans to loans HFI(1)
0.87% 0.49%
Nonperforming assets to total assets0.34% 0.38%0.70% 0.38%
(1) 
Troubled debt restructurings – nonaccrual and accruing loans 90 or more days past due are included in the respective components of nonperforming loans.
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Nonaccrual loans are summarized below by category:
March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans by category:      
Real estate:      
Commercial real estate$1,338
 $1,362
$1,314
 $1,362
One-to-four family residential340
 424
474
 424
Construction and development53
 55
54
 55
Commercial and industrial3,670
 3,675
3,655
 3,675
Tax-exempt
 

 
Consumer44
 44
21
 44
Total$5,445
 $5,560
$5,518
 $5,560
Potential Problem Loans
From a credit risk standpoint, we classify loans in one of five categories: pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful, or loss. Loan classifications reflect a judgment about the risk of default and loss associated with the loans. Classifications are reviewed periodically and adjusted to reflect the degree of risk and loss believed to be inherent in each loan. The methodology is structured so that specific reserve allocations are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk and loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk and loss). Loans classified as pass are loans with very low to acceptable risk levels based on the borrower’s financial condition, financial trends, management strength, and collateral quality. Loans classified as special mention have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If these weaknesses are not corrected, repayment possibilities for the loan may deteriorate. However, the loss potential does not pose sufficient risk to warrant substandard classification.
Loans classified as substandard have well defined weaknesses which jeopardize normal repayment of principal and interest. Prompt corrective action is required to reduce exposure and to assure adequate remedial actions are taken by the borrower. If these weaknesses do not improve, loss is possible. Loans classified as doubtful have well defined
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weaknesses that make full collection improbable. Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and charged-off to the allowance for loan losses.
As of March 31,June 30, 2019, loans classified as pass were 96.6%96.7% of total loans held for investmentHFI and loans classified as special mention and substandard were 2.2%2.0% and 1.2%1.3%, respectively, of total loans held for investment.HFI. There were no loans as of March 31,June 30, 2019 classified as doubtful or loss. As of December 31, 2018, loans classified as pass were 96.7% of total loans HFI and loans classified as special mention and substandard were 1.7% and 1.6%, respectively, of total loans.loans HFI. There were no loans as of December 31, 2018 classified as doubtful or loss.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses represents management’s best assessment of potential loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. It is maintained at a level estimated to be adequate to absorb these potential losses through periodic charges to the provision for loan losses. The amount of the allowance for loan losses should not be interpreted as an indication that charge-offs in future periods will necessarily occur in those amounts, or at all.
The allowance for loan losses is established in accordance with GAAP and consists of specific and general reserves. Specific reserves relate to loans classified as impaired. Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include troubled debt restructurings and performing and nonperforming loans. Impaired loans are reviewed individually, and a specific allowance is allocated, if necessary, based on evaluation of either the fair value of the collateral underlying the loan or the present value of future cash flows calculated using the loan’s existing interest rate. General reserves relate to the remainder of the loan portfolio, including overdrawn deposit accounts, and are based on evaluation of a number of factors, such as current economic conditions, the quality and composition of the loan portfolio, loss history, and other relevant factors.
In connection with the review of the loan portfolio, risk elements attributable to particular loan types or categories are considered in assessing the quality of individual loans. Some of the risk elements considered include:
for commercial real estate loans, the debt service coverage ratio (income from the business in excess of operating expenses compared to loan repayment requirements); operating results of the owner in the case
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of owner occupied properties; the loan to value ratio; the age and condition of the collateral; and the volatility of income, property value, and future operating results typical of properties of that type;
for one-to-four family residential mortgage loans, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan, including a consideration of the debt to income ratio and employment and income stability; the loan-to-value ratio; and the age, condition, and marketability of the collateral;
for construction and development loans, the perceived feasibility of the project including the ability to sell developed lots or improvements constructed for resale or the ability to lease property constructed for lease; the quality and nature of contracts for presale or prelease, if any; experience and ability of the developer; and the loan to value ratio; and
for commercial and industrial loans, the debt service coverage ratio; the operating results of the commercial, industrial, or professional enterprise; the borrower’s business, professional, and financial ability and expertise; the specific risks and volatility of income and operating results typical for businesses in that category; the value, nature, and marketability of collateral; and the financial resources of the guarantor(s), if any.
The allowance for loan losses totaled $13.1$13.6 million, or 0.97%0.98%, of loans held for investmentHFI as of March 31,June 30, 2019. As of December 31, 2018, the allowance for loan losses totaled $12.5 million, or 0.94%, of loans heldHFI. The increase of $1.1 million was due to the six month provision for investment.loan losses and a slight net recovery position for the period. The increase in commercial charge-offs and recoveries was primarily due to commercial deposit accounts that were charged off and subsequently recovered.
The provision for loan losses for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2019 was $526,000,$1.1 million, an increase of $115,000,$118,000, or 28.0%12.6%, from $411,000$937,000 for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2018. The provision for loans increased primarily as a result of the growth of the loan portfolio.
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The following table displays activity in the allowance for loan losses for the periods shown:
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2019 2018
 (Dollars in thousands)
Total loans held for investment$1,349,181
 $1,276,140
Average loans outstanding$1,344,523
 $1,265,422
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period$12,524
 $10,895
Provision for loan losses526
 411
Charge-offs:   
Real estate:   
One-to-four family residential
 4
Commercial and industrial
 9
Consumer81
 98
Total charge-offs81
 111
Recoveries:   
Real estate:   
One-to-four family residential1
 1
Construction and development77
 
Commercial and industrial1
 2
Consumer53
 56
Total recoveries132
 59
Net (charge-offs) recoveries51
 (52)
Allowance for loan losses at end of period$13,101
 $11,254
Allowance for loan losses to total loans held for investment0.97% 0.88%
Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding0.00% 0.00%

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 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018
 (Dollars in thousands)
Loans HFI$1,393,154
 $1,326,552
Average loans outstanding$1,358,347
 $1,287,156
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period$12,524
 $10,895
Provision for loan losses1,055
 937
Charge-offs:   
Real estate:   
Commercial real estate
 (27)
One-to-four family residential(15) (4)
Commercial and industrial(568) (41)
Consumer(136) (201)
Total charge-offs(719) (273)
Recoveries:   
Real estate:   
One-to-four family residential2
 102
Construction and development77
 
Commercial and industrial579
 7
Consumer73
 88
Total recoveries731
 197
Net (charge-offs) recoveries12
 (76)
Allowance for loan losses at end of period$13,591
 $11,756
Allowance for loan losses to loans HFI0.98% 0.89%
Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding0.00% 0.01%

We believe the allowance for loan losses was adequate to provide for known and inherent losses in the portfolio at all times shown above. Future provisions for loan losses are subject to ongoing evaluations of the factors and loan portfolio risks described above. A decline in market area economic conditions, deterioration of asset quality, or growth in portfolio size could cause the allowance to become inadequate and material additional provisions for loan losses could be required.
        
Deposits
We offer a variety of deposit products designed to attract and retain consumer, commercial, and public entity customers. These products consist of noninterest and interest-bearing checking accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, and time deposit accounts. Deposits are gathered from individuals, partnerships, corporations, and public entities located primarily in our market areas. We do not have any internet-sourced or brokered deposits.
Total deposits increased $45.6decreased $11.0 million, or 2.8%0.7%, to $1.69$1.63 billion as of March 31,June 30, 2019 from $1.65 billion as of December 31, 2018. Noninterest-bearing deposits increased by $17.9$29.1 million, or 3.3%5.3%, to $576.9 million due to normal fluctuations in customer account balances. NOW accounts increased by $15.4 million, or 5.0%, with increases in Interest on Lawyers Trust Accounts ("IOLTA") NOW balances and decreases in public entity NOW balances. IOLTA NOW balances were driven higher at the end of the quarter due to a large legal settlement received by a law firm customer. These funds were reduced in the second quarter of 2019 as disbursements were made to third parties. The decrease in public entity NOW balances was a result of normal seasonal drawdowns as public entity customers distributed their year-end funds to other organizations.adding new accounts. Noninterest-bearing deposits as a percentage of total deposits were 33.5%35.3% as of March 31,June 30, 2019, compared to 33.3% as of December 31, 2018. Interest-bearing deposits decreased by $40.0 million, or 3.6%, to $1.06 billion with the largest decrease in NOW accounts. The NOW account decrease was primarily due to public entity customers utilizing their annual funds over the year.
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The following table presents deposits by account type as of the dates indicated and the dollar and percentage change between periods:
March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Change from
December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019
June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Change from
December 31, 2018 to June 30, 2019
Balance % of Total Balance % of Total $ Change % ChangeBalance % of Total Balance % of Total $ Change % Change
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest-bearing deposits$565,757
 33.5% $547,880
 33.3% $17,877
 3.3%$576,934
 35.3% $547,880
 33.3% $29,054
 5.3 %
Interest-bearing deposits:                      
Money market accounts362,261
 21.4% 358,575
 21.8% 3,686
 1.0%349,697
 21.4% 358,575
 21.8% (8,878) (2.5)%
Time deposits <= $250,000249,583
 14.8% 248,274
 15.1% 1,309
 0.5%249,304
 15.2% 248,274
 15.1% 1,030
 0.4 %
Time deposits > $250,00085,222
 5.0% 81,954
 5.0% 3,268
 4.0%88,300
 5.4% 81,954
 5.0% 6,346
 7.7 %
NOW accounts319,898
 18.9% 304,545
 18.5% 15,353
 5.0%264,731
 16.2% 304,545
 18.5% (39,814) (13.1)%
Savings accounts108,413
 6.4% 104,355
 6.3% 4,058
 3.9%105,624
 6.5% 104,355
 6.3% 1,269
 1.2 %
Total deposits$1,691,134
 100.0% $1,645,583
 100.0% $45,551
 2.8%$1,634,590
 100.0% $1,645,583
 100.0% $(10,993) (0.7)%
The following table presents deposits by customer type as of the dates indicated and the dollar and percentage change between periods:
 March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Change from
December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019
 Balance % of Total Balance % of Total $ Change % Change
 (Dollars in thousands)
Consumer$886,576
 52.4% $869,725
 52.8% $16,851
 1.9 %
Commercial672,330
 39.8% 611,903
 37.2% 60,427
 9.9 %
Public132,228
 7.8% 163,955
 10.0% (31,727) (19.4)%
Total deposits$1,691,134
 100.0% $1,645,583
 100.0% $45,551
 2.8 %
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 June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Change from
December 31, 2018 to June 30, 2019
 Balance % of Total Balance % of Total $ Change % Change
 (Dollars in thousands)
Consumer$878,250
 53.7% $869,725
 52.8% $8,525
 1.0 %
Commercial638,660
 39.1% 611,903
 37.2% 26,757
 4.4 %
Public117,680
 7.2% 163,955
 10.0% (46,275) (28.2)%
Total deposits$1,634,590
 100.0% $1,645,583
 100.0% $(10,993) (0.7)%
The following table presents the maturity distribution of our time deposits of $100,000 or more as of March 31,June 30, 2019:
March 31, 2019June 30, 2019
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Three months or less$35,917
$40,081
Over three months through six months37,844
33,127
Over six months through 12 months67,698
64,769
Over 12 months through three years52,111
57,870
Over three years23,438
25,838
Total$217,008
$221,685
Junior Subordinated Debentures
The company isCompany has been the sponsor of three wholly owned business trusts that were established for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. ThePrior to their redemption, the trust preferred securities accrueaccrued and paypaid distributions periodically at specified quarterly rates as provided in each trust agreement. The trusts used the net proceeds from each of the offerings to purchase a like amount of our floating rate junior subordinated debentures. The debentures arewere the sole assets of the trusts. Our obligations under the debentures and related documents, taken together, constituteconstituted a full and unconditional guarantee by us of the obligations of the trusts. Prior to redemption, a portion of these instruments qualified as Tier 1 capital under applicable regulatory capital rules. The trust preferred securities arewere mandatorily redeemable upon maturity of the debentures, or upon earlier redemption as provided in the indentures. We havehad the right to redeem the debentures in whole or in part on or after specific dates at a redemption price specified in the indentures governing the debentures plus any accrued but unpaid interest to the redemption date. If the debentures are redeemed prior to maturity, redemption fees totaling approximately $12,000 will be incurred. Due to the extended maturity date of the trust preferred securities a portion of these instruments qualifies as Tier 1 capital under applicable regulatory capital rules. We anticipate usingAs anticipated, we used a portion of the proceeds of the IPO to fully redeem Trust II and Trust III in Junethe second quarter of 2019 and FBT CT I in the third quarter. On June 17, 2019, we redeemed all of our floating rate junior subordinated debentures held by Trust III at a redemption price of 100% of the outstanding principal amount of $3.1 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon through the date of redemption. On June 30, 2019, we redeemed all of our floating rate junior subordinated debentures held by Trust II at a redemption price of 100% of the outstanding principal amount of $3.1 million, plus accrued and unpaid
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interest thereon through the date of redemption. On August 8, 2019, we redeemed all of our floating rate junior subordinated debentures held by FBT CT I at a redemption price of 100% of the outstanding principal amount of $5.2 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon through the date of redemption. Having redeemed the debentures prior to maturity, we incurred approximately $50,000 in expenses during the second quarter of 2019.
The following table is a summary of the terms of our floating rate junior subordinated debentures as of March 31,June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
Issuance
Date
 
Maturity
Date
 Amount Outstanding
March 31,
2019
 Amount Outstanding
December 31,
2018
 Rate Type Rate at
March 31,
2019
 Rate at
December 31,
2018
Issuance
Date
 
Maturity
Date
 Redemption Date Amount Outstanding
June 30,
2019
 Amount Outstanding
December 31,
2018
 
Rate as of June 30, 2019(5)
 Rate as of
December 31,
2018
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Trust IIMay 28, 2003 May 28, 2033 $3,093
 $3,093
 
Variable(2)
 6.05% 5.65%May 28, 2003 May 28, 2033 June 30, 2019 $
 $3,093
 5.84%
(2) 
5.65%
Trust IIIApril 20, 2005 June 15, 2035 3,093
 3,093
 
Variable(3)
 4.76% 4.30%April 20, 2005 June 15, 2035 June 17, 2019 
 3,093
 4.58%
(3) 
4.30%
FBT CT I(1)
September 4, 2003 August 8, 2033 5,155
 5,155
 
Variable(4)
 5.54% 5.34%September 4, 2003 August 8, 2033 August 8, 2019 5,155
 5,155
 5.58%
(4) 
5.34%
Total $11,341
 $11,341
     $5,155
 $11,341
    
(1) 
On April 1, 2013, we assumed $5.0$5.2 million of floating rate junior subordinated debentures and FBT CT I in conjunction with the acquisition of Fidelity Bancorp, Inc.
(2) 
The trust preferred securities repricehad a variable rate and repriced quarterly based on three-month LIBOR plus 3.25%, with the last reprice date on March 28, 2019.
(3) 
The trust preferred securities repricehad a variable rate and repriced quarterly based on three-month LIBOR plus 1.97%, with the last reprice date on March 13, 2019.
(4) 
The trust preferred securities repricehad a variable rate and repriced quarterly based on three-month LIBOR plus 3.00%, with the last reprice date on JanuaryApril 29, 2019.
(5)
Interest rate is the earlier of June 30, 2019.2019, or at the date of redemption.
Equity and Regulatory Capital Requirements
Total stockholders’ equity as of March 31,June 30, 2019, was $202.2$237.9 million, compared to $193.7 million as of December 31, 2018, an increase of $8.5$44.2 million, or 4.4%22.8%. This increase was attributable to first quarterthe $26.8 million of proceeds from the IPO, net of expenses and underwriting commissions, that was completed on May 7, 2019, net income for the six months ended June 30, 2019 of $5.7$11.2 million, and a $3.9$7.2 million, net of tax, market adjustment to AOCI related to AFS securities, partially offset by $1.3 million in cash dividends.
As of March 31,June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, Red River Bank was in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital requirements, and was classified as “well capitalized,” for purposes of the prompt corrective action regulations. As we deploy our capital and continue to grow our operations, our capital levels may decrease depending on our level of earnings. However, we expect to monitor and control our growth in order to remain in compliance with all regulatory capital standards applicable to us.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net income for the three months ended March 31,second quarter of 2019 was $5.7$5.5 million, or $0.78 per diluted common share, an increase of $465,000,$6,000, or 8.9% from $5.20.1%, compared to $5.5 million, foror $0.82 per diluted common share, in the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase in net income was primarily due to increased net interest income partially offset by higher operating expenses.
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Diluted earnings per share were $0.85 for the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $0.08 from $0.77 for the three months ended March 31, 2018, adjusted to give effect to the 2018 2-for-1 stock split.
Our efficiency ratio improved to 59.52% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to 60.39% for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The changeincrease in the efficiency rationet income is due to a $1.5$1.1 million increase in net interest income, a $139,000$434,000 increase in noninterest income, offset by an $851,000a $1.5 million increase in operating expenses. Our efficiency ratio for the second quarter of 2019 was 62.81% compared to 60.05% for the second quarter of 2018.
Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2019, was $11.2 million, or $1.63 per diluted common share, an increase of $471,000, or 4.4%, compared to $10.8 million, or $1.59 per diluted common share, for the six months ended June 30, 2018, adjusted to give effect to the 2018 2-for-1 stock split. The increase in net income is due to a $2.6 million increase in net interest income, a $572,000 increase in noninterest income, offset by a $2.3 million increase in operating expenses. Our efficiency ratio for the six months ended June 30, 2019, was 61.20% compared to 60.21% for the six months ended June 30, 2018.
Net Interest Income
Our operating results depend primarily on our net interest income. Fluctuations in market interest rates impact the yield on interest-earning assets and the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Changes in the amount and type of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities also impact our net interest income. To evaluate net interest income, we measure and monitor: (1) yields on loans and other interest-earning assets; (2) the costs of deposits and other funding sources; (3) net interest spread; and (4) net interest margin. Since noninterest-bearing sources of funds, such as noninterest-bearing deposits and stockholders’ equity, also fund interest-earning assets, net interest margin includes the benefit of these noninterest-bearing funding sources.
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Net interest income increased by $1.5$1.1 million, or 11.1%7.4%, to $15.5$15.7 million for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2019, from $13.9$14.6 million for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2018. Net interest income improved as a result of a 13six basis point increase in the net interest margin, on an FTE basis, to 3.50%3.51% for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2019, from 3.37%3.45% for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2018, combined with a $115.0$96.0 million, or 6.9%5.7%, increase in average interest earninginterest-earning assets between the firstsecond quarter of 2019 and 2018. The net interest margin benefited from the higher interest rate environment in the firstsecond quarter of 2019 compared to the firstsecond quarter of 2018. The average yield on interest-earning assets for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2019, was 4.03%4.05%, a 2822 basis point increase from 3.75%3.83% for the same period in 2018, while the average cost of deposits for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2019, was 0.57%0.60%, 17 basis points higher than the 0.40%0.43% cost of deposits for the same period in 2018.
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The following table presents average balance sheet information, interest income, interest expense, and the corresponding average yields earned and rates paid for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2019 and 2018. Nonaccrual loans are included in the following table as loans carrying a zero yield.
For the Three Months Ended March 31,For the Three Months Ended June 30,
2019 20182019 2018
Average
Balance
Outstanding
 Interest
Earned/
Interest
Paid
 Average
Yield/
Rate
 
Average
Balance
Outstanding
 Interest
Earned/
Interest
Paid
 Average
Yield/
Rate
Average
Balance
Outstanding
 Interest
Earned/
Interest
Paid
 Average
Yield/
Rate
 
Average
Balance
Outstanding
 Interest
Earned/
Interest
Paid
 Average
Yield/
Rate
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Assets                      
Interest-earning assets:                      
Loans(1)
$1,344,523
 $15,504
 4.61% $1,265,422
 $13,586
 4.29%$1,372,020
 $15,945
 4.60% $1,308,652
 $14,435
 4.37%
Securities - taxable261,325
 1,378
 2.11% 293,660
 1,471
 2.00%252,742
 1,344
 2.13% 281,466
 1,417
 2.01%
Securities - nontaxable64,630
 385
 2.38% 60,155
 351
 2.33%
Securities - tax-exempt73,863
 440
 2.38% 57,745
 327
 2.27%
Federal funds sold34,228
 212
 2.48% 13,503
 51
 1.51%35,390
 212
 2.37% 14,351
 64
 1.76%
Interest-bearing balances due from banks70,473
 416
 2.36% 27,507
 107
 1.56%52,477
 306
 2.31% 28,344
 119
 1.67%
Nonmarketable equity securities1,299
 4
 1.23% 1,271
 2
 0.63%1,333
 4
 1.30% 1,286
 3
 0.86%
Investment in trusts341
 5
 5.95% 341
 4
 4.76%324
 5
 5.99% 341
 4
 4.60%
Total interest-earning assets1,776,819
 $17,904
 4.03% 1,661,859
 $15,572
 3.75%1,788,149
 $18,256
 4.05% 1,692,185
 $16,369
 3.83%
Allowance for loan losses(12,735)     (11,014)    (13,299)     (11,460)    
Noninterest earning assets101,545
     90,192
    105,677
     86,645
    
Total assets$1,865,629
     $1,741,037
    $1,880,527
     $1,767,370
    
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity                      
Interest-bearing liabilities:                      
Interest-bearing transaction deposits$753,617
 $962
 0.52% $708,124
 $556
 0.32%$733,328
 $995
 0.54% $709,806
 $664
 0.38%
Time deposits334,759
 1,334
 1.62% 321,529
 979
 1.23%332,474
 1,454
 1.75% 315,238
 1,001
 1.27%
Total interest-bearing deposits1,088,376
 2,296
 0.86% 1,029,653
 1,535
 0.60%1,065,802
 2,449
 0.92% 1,025,044
 1,665
 0.65%
Junior subordinated debentures11,341
 156
 5.58% 11,341
 124
 4.42%10,763
 156
 5.81% 11,341
 136
 4.83%
Other borrowings
 
 % 313
 3
 3.70%
 
 % 121
 2
 5.10%
Total interest-bearing liabilities1,099,717
 $2,452
 0.90% 1,041,307
 $1,662
 0.64%1,076,565
 $2,605
 0.97% 1,036,506
 $1,803
 0.70%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:                      
Noninterest-bearing deposits552,204
     510,793
    564,911
     540,350
    
Accrued interest and other liabilities16,027
     9,534
    15,158
     8,918
    
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities:568,231
     520,327
    580,069
     549,268
    
Stockholders’ equity197,681
     179,403
    223,893
     181,596
    
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$1,865,629
     $1,741,037
    $1,880,527
     $1,767,370
    
Net interest income  $15,452
     $13,910
    $15,651
     $14,566
  
Net interest spread(2)
    3.13%     3.11%    3.08%     3.13%
Net interest margin(3)
    3.47%     3.34%    3.46%     3.41%
Net interest margin FTE(4)(2)
    3.50%     3.37%    3.51%     3.45%
Cost of deposits    0.57%     0.40%    0.60%     0.43%
Cost of funds    0.56%     0.41%    0.58%     0.43%
(1) 
Includes average outstanding balances of loans held for saleHFS of $2.5$3.6 million and $1.6$3.8 million for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(2) 
Net interest spread is the average yield on interest-earning assets minus the averagemargin FTE includes an FTE adjustment using a 21% federal income tax rate on interest-bearing liabilities.tax-exempt securities and tax-exempt loans.
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Net interest income increased by $2.6 million, or 9.2%, to $31.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, from $28.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Net interest income improved as a result of a ten basis point increase in the net interest margin, on an FTE basis, to 3.52% for the six months ended June 30, 2019, from 3.42% for the six months ended June 30, 2018, combined with a $105.4 million, or 6.3%, increase in average interest-earning assets between the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. The net interest margin benefited from the higher interest rate environment during the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018. The average yield on interest-earning assets for the six months ended June 30, 2019, was 4.04%, a 25 basis point increase from 3.79% for the same period in 2018, while the average cost of deposits for the six months ended June 30, 2019, was 0.59%, 17 basis points higher than the 0.42% cost of deposits for the same period in 2018.
The following table presents average balance sheet information, interest income, interest expense, and the corresponding average yields earned and rates paid for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. Nonaccrual loans are included in the following table as loans carrying a zero yield.
 For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018
 
Average
Balance
Outstanding
 Interest
Earned/
Interest
Paid
 Average
Yield/
Rate
 
Average
Balance
Outstanding
 Interest
Earned/
Interest
Paid
 Average
Yield/
Rate
 (Dollars in thousands)
Assets           
Interest-earning assets:           
Loans(1)
$1,358,347
 $31,448
 4.61% $1,287,156
 $28,022
 4.33%
Securities - taxable257,010
 2,723
 2.12% 287,530
 2,887
 2.01%
Securities - tax-exempt69,272
 824
 2.38% 58,943
 678
 2.30%
Federal funds sold34,812
 425
 2.43% 13,930
 114
 1.63%
Interest-bearing balances due from banks61,425
 722
 2.34% 27,927
 226
 1.61%
Nonmarketable equity securities1,316
 9
 1.29% 1,279
 5
 0.79%
Investment in trusts332
 10
 6.08% 341
 8
 4.45%
Total interest-earning assets1,782,514
 $36,161
 4.04% 1,677,106
 $31,940
 3.79%
Allowance for loan losses(13,018)     (11,238)    
Noninterest earning assets103,623
     88,409
    
Total assets$1,873,119
     $1,754,277
    
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity           
Interest-bearing liabilities:           
Interest-bearing transaction deposits$743,416
 $1,958
 0.53% $708,970
 $1,221
 0.35%
Time deposits333,611
 2,788
 1.69% 318,365
 1,979
 1.25%
Total interest-bearing deposits1,077,027
 4,746
 0.89% 1,027,335
 3,200
 0.63%
Junior subordinated debentures11,050
 312
 5.69% 11,341
 260
 4.63%
Other borrowings
 
 % 217
 4
 3.80%
Total interest-bearing liabilities1,088,077
 $5,058
 0.94% 1,038,893
 $3,464
 0.66%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:           
Noninterest-bearing deposits558,593
     525,653
    
Accrued interest and other liabilities15,589
     9,225
    
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities:574,182
     534,878
    
Stockholders’ equity210,860
     180,506
    
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$1,873,119
     $1,754,277
    
Net interest income  $31,103
     $28,476
  
Net interest spread    3.10%     3.13%
Net interest margin    3.47%     3.37%
Net interest margin FTE(2)
    3.52%     3.42%
Cost of deposits    0.59%     0.42%
Cost of funds    0.57%     0.42%
(1)
Includes average outstanding balances of loans HFS of $3.1 million and $2.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(3)(2) 
Net interest margin is net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.
(4)
In order to present pretax resulting yield on tax-exempt investments comparable to those on taxable investments,FTE includes an FTE adjustment (a non-GAAP measure) has been computed.
using a 21% federal income tax rate on tax-exempt securities and tax-exempt loans.
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Rate/Volume Analysis
Increases and decreases in interest income and interest expense result from changes in average balances (volume) of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as changes in average interest rates. The following table presents the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense for major components of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. It distinguishes between the changes related to outstanding balances and those due to changes in interest rates. The change in interest attributable to rate has been determined by applying the change in rate between periods to average balances outstanding in the earlier period. The change in interest due to volume has been determined by applying the rate from the earlier period to the change in average balances outstanding between periods. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume that cannot be segregated have been allocated to rate.
For the Three Months Ended For the Six Months Ended
For the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019 vs 2018
June 30, 2019 vs 2018 June 30, 2019 vs 2018
Increase (Decrease)
Due to Change in
 Total
Increase
Increase (Decrease)
Due to Change in
 Total
Increase
 Increase (Decrease)
Due to Change in
 Total
Increase
Volume Rate (Decrease)Volume Rate (Decrease) Volume Rate (Decrease)
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:               
Loans$848
 $1,070
 $1,918
$709
 $801
 $1,510
 $1,614
 $1,812
 $3,426
Securities - taxable(162) 69
 (93)(179) 106
 (73) (377) 213
 (164)
Securities - nontaxable26
 8
 34
Securities - tax-exempt91
 22
 113
 119
 27
 146
Federal funds sold78
 83
 161
94
 54
 148
 171
 140
 311
Interest-bearing balances due from banks168
 141
 309
99
 88
 187
 263
 233
 496
Nonmarketable equity securities
 2
 2

 1
 1
 
 4
 4
Investment in trusts
 1
 1

 1
 1
 
 2
 2
Total interest income$958
 $1,374
 $2,332
$814
 $1,073
 $1,887
 $1,790
 $2,431
 $4,221
Interest-bearing liabilities:               
Interest-bearing transaction deposits$36
 $370
 $406
$20
 $311
 $331
 $52
 $685
 $737
Time deposits40
 315
 355
56
 397
 453
 96
 713
 809
Total interest-bearing deposits76
 685
 761
76
 708
 784
 148
 1,398
 1,546
Junior subordinated debentures
 32
 32
(7) 27
 20
 (7) 59
 52
Other borrowings(3) 
 (3)(2) 
 (2) (4) 
 (4)
Total interest expense$73
 $717
 $790
$67
 $735
 $802
 $137
 $1,457
 $1,594
Increase (decrease) in net interest income$885
 $657
 $1,542
$747
 $338
 $1,085
 $1,653
 $974
 $2,627
Provision for Loan Losses
The provision for loan losses is a charge to income necessary to maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level considered appropriate by management. Factors impacting the provision include loan portfolio growth, changes in the quality and composition of the loan portfolio, the level of nonperforming loans, delinquency and charge-off trends, and current economic conditions. The provision for loan losses for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2019 was $526,000,$529,000, an increase of $115,000,$3,000, or 28.0%0.6%, from $411,000$526,000 for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2018. The provision for loan losses for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $1.1 million, an increase of $118,000, or 12.6%, from $937,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The provision for loan losses increased during the three month and six month periods ended June 30, 2019 primarily as a result of the growth of the loan portfolio.
The allowance for loan losses to total loans held for investmentHFI was 0.97% at March 31,0.98% as of June 30, 2019, compared to 0.88% at March 31,0.89% as of June 30, 2018.
Noninterest Income
Our primary sources of noninterest income are service charges on deposit accounts, debit card fees, fees related to the sale of mortgage loans, brokerage income from advisory services, and other loan and deposit fees. Noninterest income increased $139,000, or 4.4%,$434,000 to $3.3$4.1 million for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2019, compared to $3.2$3.7 million for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2018. The increase in noninterest income was mainly due to higher mortgage loanother income which was partially offset by lower deposit income. Mortgage loan income increased $168,000, or 48.6%,and to $514,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to $346,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as a result of a higher number of mortgage loan applicationschange in the first quarter of 2019. Deposit income decreased $174,000, or 14.5%, to $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. In the fourth quarter of 2018, a system change relating to overdraft processing on electronic transactions was made which resulted in lower deposit income in the first quarter of 2019. Management is evaluating other deposit fees to replace the decrease in deposit revenue.equity securities mark-to-market amount.
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Noninterest income increased $572,000 to $7.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $6.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in noninterest income was due to higher other income, a change in equity securities mark-to-market amount, higher loan and deposit income, and higher mortgage loan income. These increases were partially offset by lower deposit service charge income.
The table below presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest income:
For the Three Months Ended Increase (Decrease)For the Three Months Ended For the Six Months Ended
March 31, June 30, June 30,
2019 2018 2019 v. 20182019 2018 Increase (Decrease) 2019 2018 Increase (Decrease)
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest income:                      
Service charges on deposit accounts$1,026
 $1,200
 $(174) (14.5)%$1,083
 $1,124
 $(41) (3.6)% $2,109
 $2,324
 $(215) (9.3)%
Debit card income, net695
 704
 (9) (1.3)%785
 764
 21
 2.7 % 1,481
 1,468
 13
 0.9 %
Mortgage loan income514
 346
 168
 48.6 %657
 706
 (49) (6.9)% 1,171
 1,052
 119
 11.3 %
Brokerage income365
 335
 30
 9.0 %626
 590
 36
 6.1 % 991
 925
 66
 7.1 %
Loan and deposit income346
 268
 78
 29.1 %382
 329
 53
 16.1 % 727
 597
 130
 21.8 %
Bank-owned life insurance income133
 137
 (4) (2.9)%137
 139
 (2) (1.4)% 270
 276
 (6) (2.2)%
Gain (Loss) on equity securities56
 (93) 149
 160.2 % 104
 (93) 197
 211.8 %
Gain on sale of investments
 41
 (41) (100.0)%
 
 
  % 
 41
 (41) (100.0)%
Other income217
 126
 91
 72.2 %373
 106
 267
 251.9 % 542
 233
 309
 132.6 %
Total noninterest income$3,296
 $3,157
 $139
 4.4 %
Total Noninterest Income$4,099
 $3,665
 $434
 11.8 % $7,395
 $6,823
 $572
 8.4 %
Other income increased by $267,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same quarter prior year. Other income includes revenue from an SBIC limited partnership of which Red River Bank is a member. Income for the SBIC limited partnership increased $306,000, to $376,000, including a $214,000 dividend, for the three months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $70,000, with no dividends, for the three months ended June 30, 2018.
Other income increased by $309,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in other income was mainly due to higher income from the SBIC limited partnership. SBIC limited partnership distributions and dividends totaled $496,000, including $214,000 of dividends, for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $179,000, with no dividends, for the six months ended June 30, 2018.
The gain or loss on equity securities is a mark-to-market adjustment primarily driven by a change in the interest rate environment. Equity securities had a mark-to-market gain of $56,000 for second quarter of 2019, compared to a $93,000 loss for the second quarter of 2018 due to fluctuations in market rates between the quarters.
Equity securities had a mark-to-market gain of $104,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to a $93,000 loss for the same period in 2018 due to fluctuations in market rates between the periods.
Loan and deposit income increased $130,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 as a result of credit card income increasing by $99,000. Credit card income improved due to having a larger number of credit cards outstanding and more credit card transaction volume in 2019.
For the six months ended June 30, 2019, mortgage loan income increased $119,000 compared to the same period in 2018 as a result of a higher dollar amount of mortgage loans closed.
Service charges on deposit accounts decreased 9.3% for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to the same period prior year. The decrease is mainly due to a system change relating to overdraft processing on electronic transactions that was made in late 2018, which resulted in lower deposit income in the six months ended June 30, 2019. In June 2019, other deposit fees were implemented to replace the decrease in deposit revenue.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses are composed of all employee expenses and costs associated with operating our facilities, obtaining and retaining customer relationships, and providing services. Operating expenses increased $851,000, or 8.3%,$1.5 million to $11.2$12.4 million, for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2019, compared to $10.3$10.9 million for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2018, and increased $2.3 million to $23.6 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $21.3 million for the six
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months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in both periods was mainly due to higher personnel, occupancy, advertising, loan and occupancydeposit, and other taxes expenses.
The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of operating expenses:
 For the Three Months Ended For the Six Months Ended
 June 30, June 30,
 2019 2018 Increase (Decrease) 2019 2018 Increase (Decrease)
 (Dollars in thousands)
Personnel expenses$7,005
 $6,489
 $516
 8.0% $13,645
 $12,631
 $1,014
 8.0%
Non-staff expenses:               
Occupancy and equipment expenses1,334
 1,081
 253
 23.4% 2,509
 2,161
 348
 16.1%
Technology expenses558
 536
 22
 4.1% 1,101
 1,042
 59
 5.7%
Advertising396
 211
 185
 87.7% 605
 386
 219
 56.7%
Other business development expenses277
 241
 36
 14.9% 560
 547
 13
 2.4%
Data processing expense483
 427
 56
 13.1% 942
 820
 122
 14.9%
Other taxes455
 349
 106
 30.4% 808
 691
 117
 16.9%
Loan and deposit expenses392
 222
 170
 76.6% 615
 402
 213
 53.0%
Legal and professional expenses383
 344
 39
 11.3% 702
 668
 34
 5.1%
Other operating expenses1,121
 1,047
 74
 7.1% 2,075
 1,907
 168
 8.8%
Total operating expenses$12,404
 $10,947
 $1,457
 13.3% $23,562
 $21,255
 $2,307
 10.9%
Personnel expenses increased $498,000, or 8.1%,$516,000 to $6.6$7.0 million for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2019, compared to $6.1 million for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2018, and increased $1.0 million to $13.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. As of March 31,June 30, 2019 and 2018, we had 321325 and 309316 full-time equivalent employees, respectively, with an increase of 12 full time-equivalentnine full-time equivalent employees. The increase in personnel was related to an increase in back office staff to support increasing volumes and to prepare to operate as a public company, as well as personnel for the Covington area. Also, revenue-based commission compensation increased during the first six months of 2019 due to higher mortgage and brokerage income.
Occupancy and equipment expenses increased $96,000, or 8.9%,$253,000 to $1.2$1.3 million for the three months ended March 31,second quarter of 2019 compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, due to new expenses in the Southwest Louisiana market related to the opening of a new banking center in the second quarter of 2018, and increased property and equipment expenses across the Company.
The following table presents,$348,000 to $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in both periods indicated,was due to banking location improvements and expansion throughout Louisiana. In the major categoriessecond quarter of operating expense:2018, a small LPO in the Southwest (Lake Charles) market was closed and replaced with a larger banking center location resulting in higher occupancy expenses in 2019. In 2019, we expanded the market headquarters building in the Southeast (Baton Rouge) market, providing a central office for commercial, mortgage, investment, and private banking department operations. In the second quarter of 2019, approximately $130,000 of nonrecurring occupancy expenses relating to the completion of the Baton Rouge headquarters building were incurred. On April 3, 2019, we opened an LPO in a new market, Northshore (Covington, Louisiana), resulting in a full quarter of occupancy expenses.
Advertising expense increased $185,000 to $396,000 for the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018, and increased $219,000 to $605,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in both periods was due to more media campaigns and marketing events in our newer markets.
 For the Three Months Ended Increase (Decrease)
 March 31, 
 2019 2018 2019 v. 2018
 (Dollars in thousands)
Personnel expenses$6,640
 $6,142
 $498
 8.1 %
Non-staff expenses:      
Occupancy and equipment expenses1,175
 1,079
 96
 8.9 %
Technology expenses544
 506
 38
 7.5 %
Advertising209
 175
 34
 19.4 %
Other business development expenses282
 307
 (25) (8.1)%
Data processing expense459
 392
 67
 17.1 %
Other taxes353
 342
 11
 3.2 %
Loan and deposit expenses223
 180
 43
 23.9 %
Legal and professional expenses319
 324
 (5) (1.5)%
Other operating expenses954
 860
 94
 10.9 %
Total operating expenses$11,158
 $10,307
 $851
 8.3 %
Loan and deposit expenses increased $170,000 to $392,000 for the second quarter of 2019 as compared to the second quarter of 2018. The increase is a result of incurring approximately $76,000 of nonrecurring loan development expenses in the second quarter of 2019 relating to the new Covington LPO. Additionally, the second quarter of 2018 benefited from a $66,000 reimbursement of collection expenses on a loan and the receipt of a $31,000 negotiated rebate from a vendor, resulting in lower loan and deposit expenses for that period.
Loan and deposit expenses increased $213,000 to $615,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the first six months of 2018, mainly due to approximately $76,000 of nonrecurring loan development expenses incurred in the second quarter of 2019 with the new Covington LPO. Additionally, the six months ended June 30, 2018 benefited from a $66,000 reimbursement of collection expenses on a loan and the receipt of a $71,000 negotiated rebate from a vendor, resulting in lower loan and deposit expenses during that period.
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Other taxes increased $106,000 to $455,000 for the second quarter of 2019 as compared to the second quarter of 2018, and increased $117,000 to $808,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in both periods was due to higher State of Louisiana bank stock tax. Bank stock tax increased due to having higher deposit account balances and higher net income for the applicable tax years.
In conjunction with the redemption of the junior subordinated debentures in the second quarter of 2019, the Company incurred $12,000 of nonrecurring legal and professional expenses and $38,000 of nonrecurring other operating expenses.
Income Tax Expense
The amount of income tax expense is influenced by the amounts of our pre-tax income, tax-exempt income, and other nondeductible expenses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected at currently enacted income tax rates in effect for the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes.
Our effective income tax rates have differed from the U.S. statutory rate due to the effect of tax-exempt income from loans, securities and life insurance policies, and the income tax effects associated with stock-based compensation.
For the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2019 and 2018, income tax expense totaled $1.4$1.3 million and $1.1$1.2 million, respectively. Our effective income tax rates for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2019 and 2018, were 19.4%18.8% and 17.6%18.1%, respectively.
For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, income tax expense totaled $2.6 million and $2.3 million, respectively. Our effective income tax rates for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, were 19.1% and 17.9%, respectively.
LIQUIDITY AND ASSET-LIABILITY MANAGEMENT
Liquidity
Liquidity involves our ability to raise funds to support asset growth and potential acquisitions or to reduce assets to meet deposit withdrawals and other payment obligations, to maintain reserve requirements, and otherwise to operate on an ongoing basis and manage unexpected events. For the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2019, and the year ended December 31, 2018, liquidity needs were primarily met by core deposits, security and loan maturities, and cash flows from amortizing security and loan portfolios. In addition, we used a portion of the proceeds received in the IPO to redeem our junior subordinated debentures. For more information on these redemptions, see "Financial Condition - Junior Subordinated Debentures."
Our primary source of funds is deposits, and our primary use of funds is the funding of loans. Our securities portfolio is another alternative source for meeting liquidity needs. Securities generate cash flow through principal payments and maturities, and they generally have readily available markets that allow for their conversion to cash. As of March 31,June 30, 2019, AFS securities totaled $319.4$318.1 million compared to $307.9 million as of December 31, 2018. Additionally, we maintain four federal funds lines of credit with commercial banks that provided for the availability to borrow up to an aggregate of $95.0 million as of March 31,June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. There were no outstanding funds under these lines of credit as of March 31,June 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018. Other sources available for meeting liquidity needs include FHLB advances as well as repurchase agreements. As of March 31,June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our net borrowing capacity from the FHLB was $509.0$565.8 million and $427.6 million, respectively. We had no borrowings from the FHLB, norand we had not utilized any utilization of repurchase agreements, as of March 31,June 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.
Our average loans, including average loans held for sale,HFS, increased $32.4$46.3 million or 2.5%3.5% for the threesix months ended MarchJune 30, 2019, as compared to average loans for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019.2018. Our average deposits increased $65.5$60.6 million, or 4.2%3.8%, for the threesix months ended MarchJune 30, 2019, as compared to the average deposits for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019.2018.
As of March 31,June 30, 2019,, we had $235.8$245.3 million in outstanding commitments to extend credit and $14.0$11.6 million in commitments associated with outstanding standby letters of credit. As of December 31, 2018, we had $231.5 million in outstanding commitments to extend credit and $11.6 million in commitments associated with outstanding standby letters of credit. Since commitments associated with letters of credit and commitments to extend credit may expire unused, the total outstanding commitments may not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements.
For the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018, we had no exposure to known future cash requirements or capital expenditures of a material nature. As of March 31,June 30, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $178.0$101.6 million compared to $151.9 million as of December 31, 2018. The increasedecrease of $26.1$50.3 million, or 17.2%33.1%, was primarily due to a temporary but large influxfunding of funds to our NOW account balances onloans during the last day of the quarter. These funds were scheduled to be withdrawn within a few days of being deposited.six months ended June 30, 2019.
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Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk
As a financial institution, our primary component of market risk is interest rate volatility. Our asset-liability management policies provide management with guidelines for effective funds management, and we have established a measurement system for monitoring our net interest rate sensitivity position.
Our exposure to interest rate risk is managed by Red River Bank’s Asset-Liability Management Committee. The committee formulates strategies based on appropriate levels of interest rate risk and monitors the results of those strategies. In determining the appropriate level of interest rate risk, the committee considers the impact on both earnings and capital given the current outlook on interest rates, regional economies, liquidity, business strategies, and other related factorsfactors.
On a quarterly basis, we run various simulation models including a static balance sheet and dynamic growth balance sheet. These models test the impact on net interest income and fair value of equity from changes in market interest rates under various scenarios. Under the static and dynamic growth models, rates are shocked instantaneously and ramped
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rates change over a 12-month and 24-month horizon based upon parallel yield curve shifts. Parallel shock scenarios assume instantaneous parallel movements in the yield curve compared to a flat yield curve scenario. Our nonparallel rate shock model involves analysis of interest income and expense under various changes in the shape of the yield curve.
Internal policy regarding interest rate risk simulations performed by our risk model currently specifies that for instantaneous parallel shifts of the yield curve, estimated net interest income at risk for the subsequent one-year period should not decline by more than 10.0% for a 100 basis point shift and 15.0% for a 200 basis point shift. Internal policy regarding economic value at risk simulations currently specifies that for instantaneous parallel shifts of the yield curve, estimated fair value of equity for the subsequent one-year period should not decline by more than 20.0% for a 100 basis point shift and 25.0% for a 200 basis point shift.
The following table shows the impact of an instantaneous and parallel change in rates, at the levels indicated, and summarizes the simulated change in net interest income and fair value of equity over a 12-month horizon as of the dates indicated.
As of March 31, 2019 As of December 31, 2018As of June 30, 2019 As of December 31, 2018
% Change in
Net Interest
Income
 % Change in
Fair Value
of Equity
 % Change in
Net Interest
Income
 % Change in
Fair Value
of Equity
% Change in
Net Interest
Income
 % Change in
Fair Value
of Equity
 % Change in
Net Interest
Income
 % Change in
Fair Value
of Equity
Change in Interest Rates (Basis Points)              
+30019.50 % 7.10 % 19.20 % 7.10 %17.7 % 9.7 % 19.2 % 7.1 %
+20013.30 % 5.50 % 12.90 % 5.10 %12.0 % 7.4 % 12.9 % 5.1 %
+1006.70 % 3.10 % 6.60 % 3.00 %6.1 % 4.2 % 6.6 % 3.0 %
Base0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 %0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 %
-100(7.00)% (6.50)% (6.60)% (5.00)%(6.2)% (7.8)% (6.6)% (5.0)%
-200(15.60)% (16.70)% (14.60)% (13.40)%(12.0)% (20.3)% (14.6)% (13.4)%
The results above, as of March 31,June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, demonstrate that our balance sheet is asset sensitive. The assumptions incorporated into the model are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely measure future net interest income or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in market interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from the model’s simulated results due to timing, magnitude, and frequency of interest rate changes, as well as changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various management strategies.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
Our accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP and the prevailing practices in the banking industry. Certain financial measures used by management to evaluate our operating performance are discussed in this report as supplemental non-GAAP performance measures. In accordance with the SEC’s rules, we classify a financial measure as being a non-GAAP financial measure if that financial measure excludes or includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding or including amounts, that are included or excluded, as the case may be, in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP as in effect from time to time in the U.S. in the statements of income, balance sheets, or statements of cash flows. Non-GAAP financial measures do not include operating and other statistical measures or ratios or statistical measures calculated using exclusively either financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, operating measures or other measures that are not non-GAAP financial measures, or both.
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The non-GAAP financial measures that we discuss in this report should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the most directly comparable or other financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the manner in which we calculate the non-GAAP financial measures that are discussed in this report may differ from that of other companies reporting measures with similar names. It is important to understand how such other banking organizations calculate and name their financial measures similar to the non-GAAP financial measures discussed in this prospectusreport when comparing such non-GAAP financial measures.
We provide these measures in addition to, not as a substitute for, net income and earnings per share, which are reported in adherence to GAAP. Management and the board of directors review tangible book value per share and tangible common equity to tangible assets as part of managing operating performance. We believe that these non-GAAP performance measures, while not substitutes for GAAP net income, earnings per share, and total expenses, are useful for both management and investors when evaluating underlying operating and financial performance and its available resources.
Tangible Book Value Per Common Share. Tangible book value per common share is a non-GAAP measure commonly used by analysts and investors to evaluate financial institutions. We believe that this measure is important to many
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investors in the marketplace who are interested in changes from period to period in book value per common share exclusive of changes in intangible assets. We calculate tangible book value per common share as total stockholders’ equity, less intangible assets, divided by the outstanding number of shares of our common stock at the end of the relevant period. Intangible assets have the effect of increasing total book value while not increasing tangible book value. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure for tangible book value per common share is book value per common share.
Tangible Common Equity to Tangible Assets. Tangible common equity to tangible assets is a non-GAAP measure generally used by investors, financial analysts, and investment bankers to evaluate financial institutions. We believe that this measure is important to many investors in the marketplace who are interested in the relative changes from period to period of tangible common equity to tangible assets, each exclusive of changes in intangible assets. Intangible assets have the effect of increasing both total stockholders’ equity and assets while not increasing our tangible common equity or tangible assets. We calculate tangible common equity as total stockholders’ equity, less intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, and we calculate tangible assets as total assets, less intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure for tangible common equity to tangible assets is total common stockholders’ equity to total assets.
As a result of previous acquisitions, we have a small amount of intangible assets. As of March 31,June 30, 2019, total intangible assets were $1.5 million, which is less than 1.0% of total assets.
The following table reconciles, as of the dates set forth below, stockholders’ equity to tangible common equity, and assets to tangible assets, and presents related resulting ratios.
As of March 31, As of December 31,June 30, March 31, June 30,
2019 2018 20182019 2019 2018
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Tangible common equity          
Total stockholders' equity$202,184
 $179,094
 $193,703
$237,911
 $202,184
 $184,047
Adjustments:          
Intangible assets(1,546) (1,546) (1,546)(1,546) (1,546) (1,546)
Total tangible common equity$200,638
 $177,548
 $192,157
$236,365
 $200,638
 $182,501
Common shares outstanding(1)
6,636,926
 6,723,598
 6,627,358
7,300,246
 6,636,926
 6,725,598
Book value per common share$30.46
 $26.64
 $29.23
$32.59
 $30.46
 $27.37
Tangible book value per common share$30.23
 $26.41
 $28.99
$32.38
 $30.23
 $27.14
          
Tangible assets          
Total assets$1,922,118
 $1,762,590
 $1,860,588
$1,892,918
 $1,922,118
 $1,764,768
Adjustments:          
Intangible assets(1,546) (1,546) (1,546)(1,546) (1,546) (1,546)
Total tangible assets$1,920,572
 $1,761,044
 $1,859,042
$1,891,372
 $1,920,572
 $1,763,222
Total stockholder's equity to assets10.52% 10.16% 10.41%12.57% 10.52% 10.43%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets10.45% 10.08% 10.34%12.50% 10.45% 10.35%
(1) 
March 31,June 30, 2018 amount adjusted to give effect to the 2018 2-for-1 stock split.


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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk are presented in the Company’s Prospectus that was filed with the SEC on May 3, 2019, relating to its IPO under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Financial Condition - Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk.” Additional information as of March 31,June 30, 2019, is included herein under Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Financial Condition - Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk.”
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was performed by the Company, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply judgment in evaluating its controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the firstsecond quarter of 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company, including its subsidiaries, may become involved in various legal matters arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, neither the Company, nor any of its subsidiaries, is involved in any legal proceeding the resolution of which is expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. However, one or more unfavorable outcomes in any claim or litigation against the Company or its subsidiaries could have a material adverse effect for the period in which they are resolved. In addition, regardless of their merits or ultimate outcomes, such matters are costly, divert management’s attention, and may materially and adversely affect the reputation of the Company or its subsidiaries, even if resolved favorably.
Item 1A. Risk Factors

For information regarding risk factors that could affect the Company's business, financial condition, and results of operations, see the heading "Risk Factors" in the Company's Prospectus filed with the SEC on May 3, 2019, relating to its IPO. There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Prospectus.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and the Use of Proceeds
None.
On May 7, 2019, the Company sold 663,320 new shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $45.00 per share in its IPO, including 90,000 shares sold pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares in the offering. The offer and sale of shares in the IPO were registered under the Securities Act pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-230798), which the SEC declared effective on May 2, 2019. FIG Partners, LLC and Stephens Inc. acted as underwriters. The offering commenced on May 3, 2019 and did not terminate until the sale of all of the shares offered. There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from the Company’s IPO as described in the Company's Prospectus filed with the SEC on May 3, 2019, pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information

None.
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Item 6.Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
3.1 
3.2 
4.110.1 
  The other instruments defining the rights of the long-term debt securities of the Registrant and its subsidiaries are omitted pursuant to section (b)(4)(iii)(A) of Item 601 of Regulation S-K. The Registrant hereby agrees to furnish copies of these instruments to the SEC upon request.
31.1 
31.2 
32.1 
32.2 
101The following financial information from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 is formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity, (v) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
101.INS XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document
* Filed herewith
** These exhibits are furnished herewith and shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
   
 RED RIVER BANCSHARES, INC.
   
Date: June 7,August 14, 2019By:/s/ R. Blake Chatelain
  R. Blake Chatelain
  President and Chief Executive Officer
   
Date: June 7,August 14, 2019By:/s/ Isabel V. Carriere
  Isabel V. Carriere, CPA, CGMA
  Executive Vice-President, Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer, and Assistant Secretary

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