UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
[X] Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 20172018
or
[  ] Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from ______ to _______
Commission
File Number
 
Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter;
State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization
 
IRS Employer
Identification No.
001-14881 BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY COMPANY 94-2213782
  (An Iowa Corporation)  
  666 Grand Avenue, Suite 500  
  Des Moines, Iowa 50309-2580  
  515-242-4300  
     
001-05152 PACIFICORP 93-0246090
  (An Oregon Corporation)  
  825 N.E. Multnomah Street  
  Portland, Oregon 97232  
  888-221-7070  
     
333-90553 MIDAMERICAN FUNDING, LLC 47-0819200
  (An Iowa Limited Liability Company)  
  666 Grand Avenue, Suite 500  
  Des Moines, Iowa 50309-2580  
  515-242-4300  
     
333-15387 MIDAMERICAN ENERGY COMPANY 42-1425214
  (An Iowa Corporation)  
  666 Grand Avenue, Suite 500  
  Des Moines, Iowa 50309-2580  
  515-242-4300  
     
000-52378 NEVADA POWER COMPANY 88-0420104
  (A Nevada Corporation)  
  6226 West Sahara Avenue  
  Las Vegas, Nevada 89146  
  702-402-5000  
     
000-00508 SIERRA PACIFIC POWER COMPANY 88-0044418
  (A Nevada Corporation)  
  6100 Neil Road  
  Reno, Nevada 89511  
  775-834-4011  
     
  N/A  
  (Former name or former address, if changed from last report)  


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
RegistrantYesNo
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY COMPANYX 
PACIFICORPX 
MIDAMERICAN FUNDING, LLC X
MIDAMERICAN ENERGY COMPANYX 
NEVADA POWER COMPANYX 
SIERRA PACIFIC POWER COMPANYX 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants have submitted electronically and posted on their corporate Web sites, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrants were required to submit and post such files). Yes  x  No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
RegistrantLarge Accelerated Fileraccelerated filerAccelerated filerNon-accelerated FilerfilerSmaller Reporting Companyreporting companyEmerging Growth Companygrowth company
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY COMPANY  X  
PACIFICORP  X  
MIDAMERICAN FUNDING, LLC  X  
MIDAMERICAN ENERGY COMPANY  X  
NEVADA POWER COMPANY  X  
SIERRA PACIFIC POWER COMPANY  X  
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrants have elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants are a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes  o  No  x
All shares of outstanding common stock of Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company are privately held by a limited group of investors. As of July 31, 2017, 77,174,3252018, 77,025,044 shares of common stock, no par value, were outstanding.
All shares of outstanding common stock of PacifiCorp are indirectly owned by Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company. As of July 31, 2017,2018, 357,060,915 shares of common stock, no par value, were outstanding.
All of the member's equity of MidAmerican Funding, LLC is held by its parent company, Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company, as of July 31, 2017.2018.
All shares of outstanding common stock of MidAmerican Energy Company are owned by its parent company, MHC Inc., which is a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of MidAmerican Funding, LLC. As of July 31, 2017,2018, 70,980,203 shares of common stock, no par value, were outstanding.
All shares of outstanding common stock of Nevada Power Company are owned by its parent company, NV Energy, Inc., which is an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company. As of July 31, 2017,2018, 1,000 shares of common stock, $1.00 stated value, were outstanding.
All shares of outstanding common stock of Sierra Pacific Power Company are owned by its parent company, NV Energy, Inc. As of July 31, 2017,2018, 1,000 shares of common stock, $3.75 par value, were outstanding.
This combined Form 10-Q is separately filed by Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company, PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Funding, LLC, MidAmerican Energy Company, Nevada Power Company and Sierra Pacific Power Company. Information contained herein relating to any individual company is filed by such company on its own behalf. Each company makes no representation as to information relating to the other companies.



TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
PART I
 
 
PART II
 
 


i



Definition of Abbreviations and Industry Terms

When used in Forward-Looking Statements, Part I - Items 2 through 3, and Part II - Items 1 through 6, the following terms have the definitions indicated.
Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company and Related Entities
BHE Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company
Berkshire Hathaway Energy or the Company Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company and its subsidiaries
PacifiCorp PacifiCorp and its subsidiaries
MidAmerican Funding MidAmerican Funding, LLC and its subsidiaries
MidAmerican Energy MidAmerican Energy Company
NV Energy NV Energy, Inc. and its subsidiaries
Nevada Power Nevada Power Company and its subsidiaries
Sierra Pacific Sierra Pacific Power Company and its subsidiaries
Nevada Utilities Nevada Power Company and Sierra Pacific Power Company
Registrants Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company, PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Funding, MidAmerican Energy, Nevada Power and Sierra Pacific
Subsidiary Registrants PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Funding, MidAmerican Energy, Nevada Power and Sierra Pacific
Northern Powergrid Northern Powergrid Holdings Company
Northern Natural Gas Northern Natural Gas Company
Kern River Kern River Gas Transmission Company
AltaLink BHE Canada Holdings Corporation
ALP AltaLink, L.P.
BHE U.S. Transmission BHE U.S. Transmission, LLC
HomeServices HomeServices of America, Inc. and its subsidiaries
BHE Pipeline Group or Pipeline Companies Consists of Northern Natural Gas and Kern River
BHE Transmission Consists of AltaLink and BHE U.S. Transmission
BHE Renewables Consists of BHE Renewables, LLC and CalEnergy Philippines
Utilities PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy Company, Nevada Power Company and Sierra Pacific Power Company
Berkshire Hathaway Berkshire Hathaway Inc.
Pinyon Pines Projects168-megawatt and 132-megawatt wind-powered generating facilities in California
   
Certain Industry Terms  
AESO Alberta Electric System Operator
AFUDC Allowance for Funds Used During Construction
AUC Alberta Utilities Commission
CPUC California Public Utilities Commission
Dth Decatherms
EBAEnergy Balancing Account
ECAMEnergy Cost Adjustment Mechanism
EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
GHG Greenhouse Gases
GWh Gigawatt Hours
GTA General Tariff Application
IPUC Idaho Public Utilities Commission
IUB Iowa Utilities Board
kVKilovolt

ii



kVKilovolt
MW Megawatts
MWh Megawatt Hours
OPUC Oregon Public Utility Commission
PCAMPower Cost Adjustment Mechanism
PUCN Public Utilities Commission of Nevada
REC Renewable Energy Credit
RPS Renewable Portfolio Standards
RRA
Renewable Energy Credit and Sulfur DioxideRevenue Adjustment Mechanism
SEC United States Securities and Exchange Commission
SIP State Implementation Plan
TAMTransition Adjustment Mechanism
UPSC Utah Public Service Commission
WPSC Wyoming Public Service Commission
WUTC Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains statements that do not directly or exclusively relate to historical facts. These statements are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements can typically be identified by the use of forward-looking words, such as "will," "may," "could," "project," "believe," "anticipate," "expect," "estimate," "continue," "intend," "potential," "plan," "forecast" and similar terms. These statements are based upon the relevant Registrant's current intentions, assumptions, expectations and beliefs and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other important factors. Many of these factors are outside the control of each Registrant and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others:
the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could give rise to the termination of the agreement and plan of merger between BHE and Energy Future Holdings Corp., among others, or the failure to consummate the transactions contemplated by the agreement and plan of merger (the "Mergers"), including due to the failure to receive the required regulatory approvals, the taking of governmental action (including the passage of legislation) to block the Mergers or the failure to satisfy other closing conditions;
actions taken or conditions imposed by governmental or other regulatory authorities in connection with the Mergers;
general economic, political and business conditions, as well as changes in, and compliance with, laws and regulations, including income tax reform, initiatives regarding deregulation and restructuring of the utility industry, and reliability and safety standards, affecting the respective Registrant's operations or related industries;
changes in, and compliance with, environmental laws, regulations, decisions and policies that could, among other items, increase operating and capital costs, reduce facility output, accelerate facility retirements or delay facility construction or acquisition;
the outcome of regulatory rate reviews and other proceedings conducted by regulatory agencies or other governmental and legal bodies and the respective Registrant's ability to recover costs through rates in a timely manner;
changes in economic, industry, competition or weather conditions, as well as demographic trends, new technologies and various conservation, energy efficiency and private generation measures and programs, that could affect customer growth and usage, electricity and natural gas supply or the respective Registrant's ability to obtain long-term contracts with customers and suppliers;
performance, availability and ongoing operation of the respective Registrant's facilities, including facilities not operated by the Registrants, due to the impacts of market conditions, outages and repairs, transmission constraints, weather, including wind, solar and hydroelectric conditions, and operating conditions;
the effects of catastrophic and other unforeseen events, which may be caused by factors beyond the control of each respective Registrant or by a breakdown or failure of the Registrants' operating assets, including severe storms, floods, fires, earthquakes, explosions, landslides, an electromagnetic pulse, mining accidents,incidents, litigation, wars, terrorism, embargoes, and cyber security attacks, data security breaches, disruptions, or other malicious acts;
a high degree of variance between actual and forecasted load or generation that could impact a Registrant's hedging strategy and the cost of balancing its generation resources with its retail load obligations;
changes in prices, availability and demand for wholesale electricity, coal, natural gas, other fuel sources and fuel transportation that could have a significant impact on generating capacity and energy costs;

iii



the financial condition and creditworthiness of the respective Registrant's significant customers and suppliers;

iii



changes in business strategy or development plans;
availability, terms and deployment of capital, including reductions in demand for investment-grade commercial paper, debt securities and other sources of debt financing and volatility in interest rates;
changes in the respective Registrant's credit ratings;
risks relating to nuclear generation, including unique operational, closure and decommissioning risks;
hydroelectric conditions and the cost, feasibility and eventual outcome of hydroelectric relicensing proceedings;
the impact of certain contracts used to mitigate or manage volume, price and interest rate risk, including increased collateral requirements, and changes in commodity prices, interest rates and other conditions that affect the fair value of certain contracts;
the impact of inflation on costs and the ability of the respective Registrants to recover such costs in regulated rates;
fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, primarily the British pound and the Canadian dollar;
increases in employee healthcare costs;
the impact of investment performance and changes in interest rates, legislation, healthcare cost trends, mortality and morbidity on pension and other postretirement benefits expense and funding requirements;
changes in the residential real estate brokerage, mortgage and mortgagefranchising industries and regulations that could affect brokerage, mortgage and mortgagefranchising transactions;
the ability to successfully integrate future acquired operations into a Registrant's business;
unanticipated construction delays, changes in costs, receipt of required permits and authorizations, ability to fund capital projects and other factors that could affect future facilities and infrastructure additions;
the availability and price of natural gas in applicable geographic regions and demand for natural gas supply;
the impact of new accounting guidance or changes in current accounting estimates and assumptions on the consolidated financial results of the respective Registrants;
the ability to successfully integrate future acquired operations into a Registrant's business; and
other business or investment considerations that may be disclosed from time to time in the Registrants' filings with the SEC or in other publicly disseminated written documents.
 
Further details of the potential risks and uncertainties affecting the Registrants are described in the Registrants' filings with the SEC, including Part II, Item 1A and other discussions contained in this Form 10-Q. Each Registrant undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. The foregoing factors should not be construed as exclusive.


iv



Item 1.Financial Statements
Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company and its subsidiaries  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PacifiCorp and its subsidiaries  
 
 
 
 
 
 
MidAmerican Energy Company  
 
 
 
 
 
 
MidAmerican Funding, LLC and its subsidiaries  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nevada Power Company and its subsidiaries  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sierra Pacific Power Company and its subsidiaries  
 
 
 
 
 
 




Item 2.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
 
 
 
 




Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company and its subsidiaries
Consolidated Financial Section





PART I
Item 1.Financial Statements


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company
Des Moines, Iowa
Results of Review of Interim Financial Information

We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of June 30, 20172018, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, and of changes in equity and cash flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and 2016. Thesethe related notes (collectively referred to as the "interim financial information"). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial information for it to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2017, and the related consolidated statements areof operations, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 23, 2018, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

Basis for Review Results

This interim financial information is the responsibility of the Company's management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our reviews in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States),PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to such consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 24, 2017, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.


/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP


Des Moines, Iowa
August 4, 20173, 2018


BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

As ofAs of
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
ASSETS
Current assets:      
Cash and cash equivalents$827
 $721
$1,224
 $935
Restricted cash and cash equivalents297
 327
Trade receivables, net1,854
 1,751
1,966
 2,014
Income taxes receivable230
 
Income tax receivable123
 334
Inventories893
 925
860
 888
Mortgage loans held for sale408
 359
763
 465
Other current assets954
 917
881
 815
Total current assets5,166
 4,673
6,114
 5,778
 
  
 
  
Property, plant and equipment, net63,686
 62,509
66,709
 65,871
Goodwill9,204
 9,010
9,670
 9,678
Regulatory assets4,474
 4,307
2,783
 2,761
Investments and restricted cash and investments4,261
 3,945
Investments and restricted cash and cash equivalents and investments4,404
 4,872
Other assets1,018
 996
1,261
 1,248
 
  
 
  
Total assets$87,809
 $85,440
$90,941
 $90,208

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) (continued)
(Amounts in millions)

As ofAs of
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:      
Accounts payable$1,214
 $1,317
$1,189
 $1,519
Accrued interest466
 454
516
 488
Accrued property, income and other taxes376
 389
413
 354
Accrued employee expenses302
 261
356
 274
Short-term debt2,495
 1,869
3,424
 4,488
Current portion of long-term debt1,880
 1,006
3,358
 3,431
Other current liabilities1,021
 1,017
1,152
 1,049
Total current liabilities7,754
 6,313
10,408
 11,603
 
  
 
  
Regulatory liabilities3,023
 2,933
BHE senior debt6,770
 7,418
7,629
 5,452
BHE junior subordinated debentures494
 944
100
 100
Subsidiary debt26,904
 26,748
25,620
 26,210
Regulatory liabilities7,496
 7,309
Deferred income taxes14,211
 13,879
8,592
 8,242
Other long-term liabilities2,783
 2,742
2,792
 2,984
Total liabilities61,939
 60,977
62,637
 61,900
 
  
 
  
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)

 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)

 

 
  
 
  
Equity: 
  
 
  
BHE shareholders' equity: 
  
 
  
Common stock - 115 shares authorized, no par value, 77 shares issued and outstanding
 

 
Additional paid-in capital6,362
 6,390
6,358
 6,368
Long-term income tax receivable(494) 
Retained earnings20,467
 19,448
23,976
 22,206
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net(1,089) (1,511)(1,665) (398)
Total BHE shareholders' equity25,740
 24,327
28,175
 28,176
Noncontrolling interests130
 136
129
 132
Total equity25,870
 24,463
28,304
 28,308
 
  
 
  
Total liabilities and equity$87,809
 $85,440
$90,941
 $90,208

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Operating revenue:              
Energy$3,598
 $3,280
 $7,179
 $6,830
$3,720
 $3,598
 $7,399
 $7,179
Real estate956
 841
 1,541
 1,332
1,273
 956
 2,034
 1,541
Total operating revenue4,554
 4,121
 8,720
 8,162
4,993
 4,554
 9,433
 8,720
              
Operating costs and expenses:       
Operating expenses:       
Energy:              
Cost of sales1,049
 970
 2,168
 2,065
1,126
 1,049
 2,294
 2,168
Operating expense950
 909
 1,833
 1,791
Operations and maintenance849
 817
 1,633
 1,562
Depreciation and amortization660
 640
 1,270
 1,259
739
 660
 1,443
 1,270
Property and other taxes142
 137
 286
 279
Real estate846
 748
 1,429
 1,240
1,165
 846
 1,934
 1,429
Total operating costs and expenses3,505
 3,267
 6,700
 6,355
Total operating expenses4,021
 3,509
 7,590
 6,708
              
Operating income1,049
 854
 2,020
 1,807
972
 1,045
 1,843
 2,012
              
Other income (expense):              
Interest expense(457) (468) (915) (941)(461) (457) (927) (915)
Capitalized interest10
 103
 20
 114
15
 10
 27
 20
Allowance for equity funds18
 115
 35
 130
24
 18
 45
 35
Interest and dividend income27
 27
 53
 54
32
 27
 58
 53
(Losses) gains on marketable securities, net(387) 2
 (596) 5
Other, net(3) 1
 22
 11
1
 (1) 31
 25
Total other income (expense)(405) (222) (785) (632)(776) (401) (1,362) (777)
              
Income before income tax expense and equity income644
 632
 1,235
 1,175
Income tax expense83
 121
 135
 195
Income before income tax (benefit) expense and equity income196
 644
 481
 1,235
Income tax (benefit) expense(168) 83
 (389) 135
Equity income26
 34
 50
 60
14
 26
 26
 50
Net income587
 545
 1,150
 1,040
378
 587
 896
 1,150
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests13
 9
 20
 14
6
 13
 11
 20
Net income attributable to BHE shareholders$574
 $536
 $1,130
 $1,026
$372
 $574
 $885
 $1,130

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 


BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
              
Net income$587
 $545
 $1,150
 $1,040
$378
 $587
 $896
 $1,150
              
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:              
Unrecognized amounts on retirement benefits, net of tax of $(3), $13, $(4), and $19(4) 40
 1
 62
Unrecognized amounts on retirement benefits, net of tax of $16, $(3), $12 and $(4)54
 (4) 51
 1
Foreign currency translation adjustment221
 (272) 308
 (205)(307) 221
 (234) 308
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities, net of tax of $53, $14, $71 and $3681
 38
 119
 71
Unrealized (losses) gains on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $(2), $16, $(4) and $2(2) 24
 (6) 1
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax296
 (170) 422
 (71)
Unrealized gains on marketable securities, net of tax of $-, $53, $- and $71
 81
 
 119
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $1, $(2), $- and $(4)3
 (2) 1
 (6)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax(250) 296
 (182) 422
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
Comprehensive income883
 375
 1,572
 969
128
 883
 714
 1,572
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests13
 9
 20
 14
6
 13
 11
 20
Comprehensive income attributable to BHE shareholders$870
 $366
 $1,552
 $955
$122
 $870
 $703
 $1,552

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

BHE Shareholders' Equity    BHE Shareholders' Equity   
        Accumulated          Long-term   Accumulated    
    Additional   Other        Additional Income   Other    
Common Paid-in Retained Comprehensive Noncontrolling TotalCommon Paid-in Tax Retained Comprehensive Noncontrolling Total
Shares Stock Capital Earnings Loss, Net Interests EquityShares Stock Capital Receivable Earnings Loss, Net Interests Equity
                            
Balance, December 31, 201577
 $
 $6,403
 $16,906
 $(908) $134
 $22,535
Net income
 
 
 1,026
 
 8
 1,034
Other comprehensive loss
 
 
 
 (71) 
 (71)
Distributions
 
 
 
 
 (9) (9)
Other equity transactions
 
 1
 
 
 9
 10
Balance, June 30, 201677
 $
 $6,404
 $17,932
 $(979) $142
 $23,499
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Balance, December 31, 201677
 $
 $6,390
 $19,448
 $(1,511) $136
 $24,463
77
 $
 $6,390
 $
 $19,448
 $(1,511) $136
 $24,463
Net income
 
 
 1,130
 
 9
 1,139

 
 
 
 1,130
 
 9
 1,139
Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 422
 
 422

 
 
 
 
 422
 
 422
Distributions
 
 
 
 
 (12) (12)
Common stock purchases
 
 (1) (18) 
 
 (19)
 
 (1) 
 (18) 
 
 (19)
Common stock exchange
 
 (6) (94) 
 
 (100)
 
 (6) 
 (94) 
 
 (100)
Distributions
 
 
 
 
 
 (12) (12)
Other equity transactions
 
 (21) 1
 
 (3) (23)
 
 (21) 
 1
 
 (3) (23)
Balance, June 30, 201777
 $
 $6,362
 $20,467
 $(1,089) $130
 $25,870
77
 $
 $6,362
 $
 $20,467
 $(1,089) $130
 $25,870
 
  
  
    
  
  
  
Balance, December 31, 201777
 $
 $6,368
 $
 $22,206
 $(398) $132
 $28,308
Adoption of ASU 2016-01
 
 
 
 1,085
 (1,085) 
 
Net income
 
 
 
 885
 
 8
 893
Other comprehensive loss
 
 
 
 
 (182) 
 (182)
Reclassification of long-term
income tax receivable

 
 
 (609) 
 
 
 (609)
Long-term income tax
receivable adjustments

 
 
 115
 (115) 
 
 
Common stock purchases
 
 (5) 
 (85) 
 
 (90)
Distributions
 
 
 
 
 
 (12) (12)
Other equity transactions
 
 (5) 
 
 
 1
 (4)
Balance, June 30, 201877
 $
 $6,358
 $(494) $23,976
 $(1,665) $129
 $28,304

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

Six-Month PeriodsSix-Month Periods
Ended June 30,Ended June 30,
2017 20162018 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income$1,150
 $1,040
$896
 $1,150
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities: 
  
 
  
Losses (gains) on marketable securities, net596
 (5)
Depreciation and amortization1,292
 1,274
1,466
 1,292
Allowance for equity funds(35) (130)(45) (35)
Equity income, net of distributions(9) (44)1
 (9)
Changes in regulatory assets and liabilities21
 (1)206
 21
Deferred income taxes and amortization of investment tax credits341
 291
(264) 341
Other, net3
 (72)26
 8
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions:      
Trade receivables and other assets(73) (252)(226) (73)
Derivative collateral, net(13) 23
(5) (13)
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans(25) (9)(23) (25)
Accrued property, income and other taxes(244) 557
Accrued property, income and other taxes, net174
 (244)
Accounts payable and other liabilities20
 94
16
 20
Net cash flows from operating activities2,428
 2,771
2,818
 2,428
 
  
 
  
Cash flows from investing activities: 
  
 
  
Capital expenditures(1,813) (2,103)(2,779) (1,813)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired(588) (66)(107) (588)
Decrease in restricted cash and investments30
 9
Purchases of available-for-sale securities(122) (55)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities127
 88
Purchases of marketable securities(209) (122)
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities184
 127
Equity method investments(65) (282)(151) (79)
Other, net(6) (46)43
 (6)
Net cash flows from investing activities(2,437) (2,455)(3,019) (2,481)
 
  
 
  
Cash flows from financing activities: 
  
 
  
Proceeds from BHE senior debt2,176
 
Repayments of BHE senior debt and junior subordinated debentures(950) (1,000)(650) (950)
Common stock purchases(19) 
(90) (19)
Proceeds from subsidiary debt1,163
 1,461
1,313
 1,163
Repayments of subsidiary debt(668) (1,529)(1,082) (668)
Net proceeds from short-term debt617
 465
Net (repayments of) proceeds from short-term debt(1,048) 617
Purchase of redeemable noncontrolling interest(131) 
Other, net(31) (39)(23) (31)
Net cash flows from financing activities112
 (642)465
 112
 
  
 
  
Effect of exchange rate changes3
 (4)(3) 3
 
  
 
  
Net change in cash and cash equivalents106
 (330)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period721
 1,108
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$827
 $778
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents261
 62
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period1,283
 1,003
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period$1,544
 $1,065

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

(1)
General

Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company ("BHE") is a holding company that owns a highly diversified portfolio of locally-managedlocally managed businesses principally engaged in the energy industry (collectively with its subsidiaries, the "Company") and is a consolidated subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. ("Berkshire Hathaway").

The Company isCompany's operations are organized as eight business segments: PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Funding, LLC ("MidAmerican Funding") (which primarily consists of MidAmerican Energy Company ("MidAmerican Energy")), NV Energy, Inc. ("NV Energy") (which primarily consists of Nevada Power Company ("Nevada Power") and Sierra Pacific Power Company ("Sierra Pacific")), Northern Powergrid Holdings Company ("Northern Powergrid") (which primarily consists of Northern Powergrid (Northeast) Limited and Northern Powergrid (Yorkshire) plc), BHE Pipeline Group (which consists of Northern Natural Gas Company ("Northern Natural Gas") and Kern River Gas Transmission Company ("Kern River")), BHE Transmission (which consists of BHE Canada Holdings Corporation ("AltaLink") (which primarily consists of AltaLink, L.P. ("ALP")) and BHE U.S. Transmission, LLC), BHE Renewables (which primarily consists of BHE Renewables, LLC and CalEnergy Philippines) and HomeServices of America, Inc. (collectively with its subsidiaries, "HomeServices"). The Company, through these locally managed and operated businesses, owns four utility companies in the United States serving customers in 11 states, two electricity distribution companies in Great Britain, two interstate natural gas pipeline companies in the United States, an electric transmission business in Canada, interests in electric transmission businesses in the United States, a renewable energy business primarily selling power generated frominvesting in solar, wind, geothermal and hydroelectric sources under long-term contracts,projects, the second largest residential real estate brokerage firm in the United States and one of the largest residential real estate brokerage franchise networks in the United States.

The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and regulations for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. Management believes the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for the fair presentation of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements as of June 30, 20172018 and for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016.2017. The results of operations for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

The preparation of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Actual results may differ from the estimates used in preparing the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162017 describes the most significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. There have been no significant changes in the Company's assumptions regarding significant accounting estimates and policies during the six-month period ended June 30, 20172018.

(2)
(2)    New Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2017,February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2017-07,2018-02, which amends FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 715, "Compensation220, "Income Statement - Retirement Benefits.Reporting Comprehensive Income." The amendments in this guidance require a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for the stranded tax effects that an employer disaggregate the service cost componentwere created from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted on December 22, 2017 ("2017 Tax Reform"). The reclassification is the difference between the historical income tax rates and the enacted rate for the items previously recorded in accumulated other components of net benefit cost and report the service cost component in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the statement of operations separately from the service cost component and outside the subtotal of operatingcomprehensive income. Additionally, the guidance only allows the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017,2018, with early adoption permitted. This guidance mustpermitted, and is required to be adopted retrospectively forto each period in which the presentationeffect of the service cost component andchange in 2017 Tax Reform is recognized. Considering the othersignificant components of net benefit cost in the statementCompany's accumulated other comprehensive income relate to (a) unrecognized amounts on retirement benefits of operationsforeign pension plans and prospectively for the capitalization of the service cost component in the balance sheet. The Company plans to adopt this guidance effective(b) unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities, which were reclassified as required by ASU No. 2016-01 that was adopted on January 1, 2018, and is currently evaluating the adoption of ASU No. 2018-02 will not have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.



In November 2016,August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18,2017-12, which amends FASB ASC Subtopic 230-10, “Statement of Cash Flows - Overall.”Topic 815, "Derivatives and Hedging." The amendments in this guidance require that a statementupdate the hedge accounting model to enable entities to better portray the economics of cash flows explain the change during the periodtheir risk management activities in the totalfinancial statements, expands an entity's ability to hedge non-financial and financial risk components and reduces complexity in fair value hedges of cash, cash equivalents,interest rate risk. In addition, it eliminates the requirement to separately measure and amountsreport hedge ineffectiveness and generally describedrequires the entire change in fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cashthe hedged item and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cashalso eases certain documentation and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows.assessment requirements. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017,2018, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted retrospectively.using a modified retrospective approach by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2018 and is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, which amends FASB ASC Topic 230, "Statement of Cash Flows." The amendments in this guidance address the classification of eight specific cash flow issues within the statement of cash flows with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted retrospectively. The Company plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2018 and does not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, which creates FASB ASC Topic 842, "Leases" and supersedes Topic 840 "Leases." This guidance increases transparency and comparability among entities by recording lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. A lessee should recognize in the balance sheet a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee have not significantly changed from previous guidance. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-01 that provides for an optional transition practical expedient allowing companies to not have to evaluate existing land easements if they were not previously accounted for under ASC Topic 840, "Leases." This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. The Company plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2019 and is currently evaluating the impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

(3)
Business Acquisitions

The Company completed various acquisitions totaling $107 million, net of cash acquired, for the six-month period ended June 30, 2018. The purchase price for each acquisition was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which primarily related to residential real estate brokerage businesses. There were no other material assets acquired or liabilities assumed. Additionally, in April 2018, HomeServices acquired the remaining 33.3% interest in a real estate brokerage franchise business from the noncontrolling interest member at a contractually determined option exercise price totaling $131 million.

The Company completed various acquisitions totaling $588 million, net of cash acquired, for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017. The purchase price for each acquisition was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which primarily related to development and construction costs for the 110-megawatt Alamo 6 solar-powered generation project, the remaining 25% interest in the Silverhawk natural gas-fueled generation facility at Nevada Power and a residential real estate brokerage business. There were no other material assets acquired or liabilities assumed.




(4)
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment, net consists of the following (in millions):
   As of
 Depreciable June 30, December 31,
 Life 2018 2017
Regulated assets:     
Utility generation, transmission and distribution systems5-80 years $74,975
 $74,660
Interstate natural gas pipeline assets3-80 years 7,240
 7,176
   82,215
 81,836
Accumulated depreciation and amortization  (25,155) (24,478)
Regulated assets, net  57,060
 57,358
    
  
Nonregulated assets:   
  
Independent power plants5-30 years 6,553
 6,010
Other assets3-30 years 1,589
 1,489
   8,142
 7,499
Accumulated depreciation and amortization  (1,697) (1,542)
Nonregulated assets, net  6,445
 5,957
    
  
Net operating assets  63,505
 63,315
Construction work-in-progress  3,204
 2,556
Property, plant and equipment, net  $66,709
 $65,871

Construction work-in-progress includes $2.8 billion as of June 30, 2018 and $2.2 billion as of December 31, 2017, related to the construction of regulated assets.



(5)
Investments and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents and Investments

Investments and restricted cash and cash equivalents and investments consists of the following (in millions):
 As of
 June 30, December 31,
 2018 2017
Investments:   
BYD Company Limited common stock$1,364
 $1,961
Rabbi trusts387
 441
Other186
 124
Total investments1,937
 2,526
  
  
Equity method investments:   
BHE Renewables tax equity investments1,159
 1,025
Electric Transmission Texas, LLC535
 524
Bridger Coal Company124
 137
Other149
 148
Total equity method investments1,967
 1,834
    
Restricted cash and cash equivalents and investments: 
  
Quad Cities Station nuclear decommissioning trust funds522
 515
Restricted cash and cash equivalents320
 348
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents and investments842
 863
  
  
Total investments and restricted cash and cash equivalents and investments$4,746
 $5,223
    
Reflected as:   
Current assets$342
 $351
Noncurrent assets4,404
 4,872
Total investments and restricted cash and cash equivalents and investments$4,746
 $5,223

Investments

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01 which amendsamended FASB ASC Subtopic 825-10, "Financial Instruments - Overall." The amendments in this guidance addressaddressed certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments including a requirement that all investments in equity securities that do not qualify for equity method accounting or result in consolidation of the investee be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption not permitted, and is required to be adopted prospectively by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The material impacts currently identified include recording the unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as opposed to other comprehensive income ("OCI"). For the six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, these amounts, net of tax, were $119 million and$71 million, respectively.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, which creates FASB ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" and supersedes ASC Topic 605, "Revenue Recognition." The guidance replaces industry-specific guidance and establishes a single five-step model to identify and recognize revenue. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additionally, the guidance requires the entity to disclose further quantitative and qualitative information regarding the nature and amount of revenues arising from contracts with customers, as well as other information about the significant judgments and estimates used in recognizing revenues from contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, which defers the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 one year to interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. During 2016, the FASB issued several ASUs that clarify the implementation guidance for ASU No. 2014-09 but do not change the core principle of the guidance. This guidance may be adopted retrospectively or under a modified retrospective method where the cumulative effect is recognized at the date of initial application. The Company plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2018 under the modified retrospective methodwith a cumulative-effect increase to retained earnings of $1,085 million and is currently evaluating the impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notesa corresponding decrease to Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company currently does not expect the timing and amount of revenue currently recognized to be materially different after adoption of the new guidance as a majority of revenue is recognized when the Company has the right to invoice as it corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the Company’s performance to date. The Company's current plan is to quantitatively disaggregate revenue in the required financial statement footnote by regulated energy, nonregulated energy and real estate, with further disaggregation of regulated energy by jurisdiction and real estate by line of business.


(3)
Business Acquisitions

Oncor Electric Delivery Company LLC

On July 7, 2017, BHE and certain subsidiaries entered into an agreement and plan of merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Energy Future Holdings Corp. (“EFH Corp.”) and Energy Future Intermediate Holding Company LLC (“EFIH”), which is part of a joint plan of reorganization filed on July 7, 2017 with the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware (the “Bankruptcy Court”) for EFH Corp., EFIH and the EFH/EFIH Debtors (as defined in the Plan of Reorganization). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, BHE will become the indirect owner of 80.03% of the outstanding equity interests of Oncor Electric Delivery Company LLC (“Oncor”accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI"). According to Oncor’s public filings, Oncor is a regulated electricity transmission and distribution company that operates the largest transmission and distribution system in Texas, delivering electricity to more than 3.4 million homes and businesses and operating more than 122,000 miles of transmission and distribution lines. Texas Transmission Investment LLC (“TTI”) owns 19.75% of Oncor’s outstanding membership interests and certain Oncor directors, employees and retirees indirectly beneficially own the remaining 0.22% of Oncor’s outstanding membership interests.

BHE intends to acquire the 19.75% minority interest position in Oncor owned by TTI through either a privately negotiated agreement separate from the Merger Agreement or by exercising contractual rights pursuant to the Investor Rights Agreement. The Investor Rights Agreement is an agreement by and among Oncor, Oncor Electric Delivery Holdings Company LLC, TTI and EFH Corp. that governs the rights and obligations in connection with the minority interest position in Oncor owned by TTI. In the event of a change in control, EFH Corp. may exercise its rights under the Investor Rights Agreement requiring TTI to sell or otherwise transfer its ownership interest to BHE. BHE also intends to acquire the 0.22% minority interest position in Oncor indirectly beneficially owned by certain Oncor directors, employees and retirees through a separate, privately negotiated agreement. These transactions, when combined with the Merger Agreement described above, if completed, would result in Oncor being an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of BHE.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the consideration funded by BHE for the acquisition of EFH Corp. will be $9.0 billion, which implies an equity value of approximately $11.25 billion for 100% of Oncor. The consideration is expected to be paid in cash, subject to certain terms and conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement. BHE’s primary shareholder has committed to provide the capital to fund the entire purchase price and BHE will fund the $9.0 billion purchase price by issuing common equity to its existing shareholders. Closing of the Merger Agreement is expected in the fourth quarter of 2017.

The Merger Agreementportion of unrealized losses related to investments still held as of June 30, 2018 is subject to numerous approvals, rulings and conditions, including those from the Bankruptcy Court, the Public Utility Commission of Texas and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”), and the expiration of the applicable waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976. The Bankruptcy Court has scheduled August 21, 2017, to hear the motion to approve the Merger Agreement and October 24, 2017,calculated as the start date of the confirmation hearing on the joint plan of reorganization.follows (in millions):
 Three-Month Period Six-Month Period
 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
 2018 2018
Losses on marketable securities recognized during the period$(387) $(596)
Less: Net (losses) gains recognized during the period on
   marketable securities sold during the period
(1) 1
Unrealized losses recognized during the period on marketable securities
   still held at the reporting date
$(386) $(597)

Until Bankruptcy Court approval of the Merger Agreement is obtained, its terms are not binding on EFH Corp. or EFIH. BHE, EFH Corp. and EFIH have certain termination rights under the Merger Agreement and, assuming approval of the Merger Agreement by the Bankruptcy Court, EFH Corp. and EFIH may be obligated to pay BHE a termination fee of $270 million under certain circumstances.

Other
Equity Method Investments

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, which amends FASB ASC Topic 230, "Statement of Cash Flows." The amendments in this guidance address the classification of eight specific cash flow issues within the statement of cash flows with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. The Company completed various acquisitions totaling $588adopted this guidance retrospectively effective January 1, 2018 which resulted in the reclassification of certain cash distributions received from equity method investees of $14 million net ofpreviously recognized within investing cash acquired,flows to operating cash flows for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, which amends FASB ASC Subtopic 230-10, "Statement of Cash Flows - Overall." The purchase price for each acquisition was allocated toamendments in this guidance require that a statement of cash flows explain the assets acquiredchange during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and liabilities assumed, which related primarily to developmentamounts generally described as restricted cash and construction costsrestricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this guidance January 1, 2018.

Cash equivalents consist of funds invested in money market mutual funds, United States Treasury Bills and other investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. Cash and cash equivalents exclude amounts where availability is restricted by legal requirements, loan agreements or other contractual provisions. Restricted cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, consist substantially of funds restricted for the 110-megawatt Alamo 6 solar project,purpose of constructing solid waste facilities under tax-exempt bond obligation agreements and debt service obligations for certain of the remaining 25% interestCompany's nonregulated renewable energy projects. A reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, as presented in the Silverhawk natural gas-fueled generation facility at Nevada PowerConsolidated Statements of Cash Flows is outlined below and residential real estate brokerage businesses. There were no other material assets acquired or liabilities assumed.



(4)
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment, net consists ofdisaggregated by the followingline items in which they appear on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):
   As of
 Depreciable June 30, December 31,
 Life 2017 2016
Regulated assets:     
Utility generation, transmission and distribution systems5-80 years $72,317
 $71,536
Interstate natural gas pipeline assets3-80 years 6,969
 6,942
   79,286
 78,478
Accumulated depreciation and amortization  (24,029) (23,603)
Regulated assets, net  55,257
 54,875
    
  
Nonregulated assets:   
  
Independent power plants5-30 years 5,880
 5,594
Other assets3-30 years 1,164
 1,002
   7,044
 6,596
Accumulated depreciation and amortization  (1,222) (1,060)
Nonregulated assets, net  5,822
 5,536
    
  
Net operating assets  61,079
 60,411
Construction work-in-progress  2,607
 2,098
Property, plant and equipment, net  $63,686
 $62,509
 As of
 June 30, December 31,
 2018 2017
Cash and cash equivalents$1,224
 $935
Restricted cash and cash equivalents297
 327
Investments and restricted cash and cash equivalents and investments23
 21
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents$1,544
 $1,283

Construction work-in-progress includes $2.3 billion as of June 30, 2017 and $1.8 billion as of December 31, 2016, related to the construction of regulated assets.

During the fourth quarter of 2016, MidAmerican Energy revised its electric and gas depreciation rates based on the results of a new depreciation study, the most significant impact of which was longer estimated useful lives for certain wind-powered generating facilities. The effect of this change was to reduce depreciation and amortization expense by $34 million annually, or $8 million and $17 million for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017, based on depreciable plant balances at the time of the change.




(5)
Investments and Restricted Cash and Investments

Investments and restricted cash and investments consists of the following (in millions):
 As of
 June 30, December 31,
 2017 2016
Investments:   
BYD Company Limited common stock$1,381
 $1,185
Rabbi trusts427
 403
Other128
 106
Total investments1,936
 1,694
  
  
Equity method investments:   
BHE Renewables tax equity investments811
 741
Electric Transmission Texas, LLC694
 672
Bridger Coal Company150
 165
Other143
 142
Total equity method investments1,798
 1,720
    
Restricted cash and investments: 
  
Quad Cities Station nuclear decommissioning trust funds485
 460
Other238
 282
Total restricted cash and investments723
 742
  
  
Total investments and restricted cash and investments$4,457
 $4,156
    
Reflected as:   
Other current assets$196
 $211
Noncurrent assets4,261
 3,945
Total investments and restricted cash and investments$4,457
 $4,156

Investments

BHE's investment in BYD Company Limited common stock is accounted for as an available-for-sale security with changes in fair value recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI"). The fair value of BHE's investment in BYD Company Limited common stock reflects a pre-tax unrealized gain of $1,149 million and $953 million as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.



(6)
Recent Financing Transactions

Long-Term Debt

In July 2017, Northern Powergrid Metering Limited entered into2018, BHE issued $1.0 billion of its 4.45% Senior Notes due 2049. BHE used the net proceeds to refinance a £200 million secured amortizing corporate facility with a stated maturity of June 2026. The amortizing facility has a variable interest rate based on the London Interbank Offered Rate plus a spread that varies based on an agreed-upon schedule. In July 2017, Northern Powergrid Metering Limited received proceeds of £120 million under the facility to repay amounts provided by Yorkshire Electricity Group plc which provides internal funds for the continuing smart meter deployment program of Northern Powergrid Metering Limited. Northern Powergrid Metering Limited has entered into interest rate swaps that fix the underlying interest rate on 85%portion of the outstanding debt.Company's short-term indebtedness and for general corporate purposes.

In July 2017, Cordova Funding Corporation redeemed the remaining $892018, Northern Natural Gas issued $450 million of its 8.48% to 9.07% Series A4.30% Senior Secured Bonds due December 2019, CE Generation, LLC redeemed2049. Northern Natural Gas used the remaining $51net proceeds to repay at maturity all of its $200 million 5.75% Senior Notes due July 2018 and for general corporate purposes.

In July 2018, PacifiCorp issued $600 million of its 7.416% Senior Secured4.125% First Mortgage Bonds due December2049. PacifiCorp used a portion of the net proceeds to repay all of its $500 million 5.65% First Mortgage Bonds due July 2018 and Salton Sea Funding Corporation redeemedintends to use the remaining $20 million of its 7.475% Senior Secured Series F Bonds due November 2018, each at redemption prices determined in accordance with the terms of the respective indentures.

In the first six months of 2017, BHE repaid at par value a total of $550 million, plus accrued interest, of its junior subordinated debentures due December 2044.

In June 2017, BHE issued $100 million of its 5.0% junior subordinated debentures due June 2057 in exchange for 181,819 shares of BHE no par value common stock held by a minority shareholder. The junior subordinated debentures are redeemable at BHE's option at any time from and after June 15, 2037, at par plus accrued and unpaid interest.

In May 2017, Alamo 6, LLC issued $232 million of its 4.17% Senior Secured Notes due March 2042. The principal of the notes amortizes beginning March 2018 with a final maturity in March 2042. The net proceeds were used to fund the repayment or reimbursement of amounts provided by BHEcapital expenditures and for the costs related to the development, construction and financing of a 110-megawatt solar project in Texas.general corporate purposes.

In April 2017, Kern River redeemed the remaining $1752018, Nevada Power issued $575 million of its 4.893% Senior2.75% General and Refunding Mortgage Notes, Series BB, due April 2018 at2020. Nevada Power used a redemption price determined in accordance with the termsportion of the indenture.net proceeds to repay all of its $325 million 6.50% General and Refunding Mortgage Notes, Series O, maturing in May 2018. In August 2018, Nevada Power used the remaining net proceeds, together with available cash, to repay all of Nevada Power's $500 million 6.50% General and Refunding Mortgage Notes, Series S, maturing in August 2018.



In February 2017,2018, MidAmerican Energy issued $375$700 million of its 3.10%3.65% First Mortgage Bonds due May 2027 and $475 million of its 3.95% First Mortgage Bonds due August 2047.2048. An amount equal to the net proceeds was used to finance capital expenditures, disbursed during the period from February 2, 20162017 to February 1,October 31, 2017, with respect to investments in MidAmerican Energy's 551-megawatt Wind X and 2,000-megawatt (nameplate capacity) Wind XI projects,project and the repowering of certain of MidAmerican Energy's existing wind facilities, which were previously financed with MidAmerican Energy's general funds.

In February 2017, MidAmerican Energy redeemed in full through optional redemption its $250January 2018, BHE issued $450 million of 5.95%its 2.375% Senior Notes due July 2017.2021, $400 million of its 2.80% Senior Notes due 2023, $600 million of its 3.25% Senior Notes due 2028 and $750 million of its 3.80% Senior Notes due 2048. The net proceeds were used to refinance a portion of the Company's short-term indebtedness and for general corporate purposes.

Credit Facilities

In June 2017,April 2018, BHE extended,terminated its $1.0 billion unsecured credit facility expiring May 2018 and amended and restated, with lender consent, the maturity date to June 2020 for its existing $2.0 billion unsecured credit facility and PacifiCorp extended, withexpiring June 2020, increasing the lender consent,commitment to $3.5 billion, extending the maturityexpiration date to June 2020 for its $400 million unsecured credit facility, each by exercising2021 and increasing from one to two, the first of two available one-year extensions.extension options, subject to lender consent.

In June 2017,April 2018, PacifiCorp terminatedamended and restated its $600 million unsecured credit facility expiring March 2018 and entered into a $600existing $400 million unsecured credit facility expiring June 2020, withincreasing the lender commitment to $600 million, extending the expiration date to June 2021 and increasing from one to two, the available one-year extension options, subject to lender consent. The credit facility, which supports PacifiCorp's commercial paper program and certain series of its tax-exempt bond obligations and provides for the issuance of letters of credit, has a variable interest rate based on the Eurodollar rate or a base rate, at PacifiCorp's option, plus a spread that varies based on PacifiCorp's credit ratings for its senior unsecured long-term debt securities. The credit facility requires PacifiCorp's ratio of consolidated debt, including current maturities, to total capitalization not exceed 0.65 to 1.0 as of the last day of each quarter.



In June 2017,April 2018, PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy terminated itsamended and restated their existing $600 million unsecured credit facility expiring March 2018 and entered into a $900 million unsecured credit facilityfacilities, respectively, each expiring June 2020, withextending the expiration dates to June 2021 and reducing from two to one, the available one-year extension options, subject to lender consent. The credit facility, which supports MidAmerican Energy's commercial paper program and its variable-rate tax-exempt bond obligations and provides for the issuance of letters of credit, has a variable interest rate based on the Eurodollar rate or a base rate, at MidAmerican Energy's option, plus a spread that varies based on MidAmerican Energy's credit ratings for senior unsecured long-term debt securities. The credit facility requires MidAmerican Energy's ratio of consolidated debt, including current maturities, to total capitalization not exceed 0.65 to 1.0 as of the last day of each quarter.

In June 2017,April 2018, Nevada Power and Sierra Pacific amended itsand restated their existing $400 million and $250 million secured credit facility,facilities, respectively, each expiring June 2020, extending the maturity dateexpiration dates to June 2020 with2021 and reducing from two to one, the available one-year extension options, subject to lender consent. The amended credit facility, which is for general corporate purposes and provides for the issuance of letters of credit, has a variable interest rate based on the Eurodollar rate or a base rate, at Nevada Power's option, plus a spread that varies based on Nevada Power's credit ratings for its senior secured long-term debt securities. The amended credit facility requires Nevada Power's ratio of consolidated debt, including current maturities, to total capitalization not to exceed 0.65 to 1.0 as of the last day of each quarter.

In June 2017, Sierra PacificApril 2018, ALP amended its $250existing C$750 million secured credit facility expiring December 2019, decreasing the lender commitment to C$500 million effective December 2018 and extending the maturityexpiration date to June 2020 with two one-year extension options subject to lender consent. TheDecember 2022. ALP also amended credit facility, which is for general corporate purposes and provides for the issuance of letters of credit, has a variable interest rate based on the Eurodollar rate or a base rate, at Sierra Pacific's option, plus a spread that varies based on Sierra Pacific's credit ratings for its seniorC$75 million secured long-term debt securities. The amended credit facility requires Sierra Pacific's ratio of consolidated debt, including current maturities, to total capitalization not exceed 0.65 to 1.0 as of the last day of each quarter.

In May 2017, BHE entered into a $1.0 billion unsecured credit facility expiring May 2018. The credit facility, which is for general corporate purposes and also supports BHE's commercial paper program and provides forDecember 2019, extending the issuance of letters of credit, has a variable interest rate based on the Eurodollar rate or a base rate, at BHE's option, plus a spread that varies based on BHE's credit ratings for its senior unsecured long-term debt securities. The credit facility requires BHE's ratio of consolidated debt, including current maturities,expiration date to total capitalization not exceed 0.70 to 1.0 as of the last day of each quarter.December 2022.

(7)
Income Taxes

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

2017 Tax Reform impacts many areas of income tax law. The most material items include the reduction of the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, the one-time repatriation tax of foreign earnings and profits and limitations on bonus depreciation for utility property.

In December 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") 118 to assist in the implementation process of 2017 Tax Reform by allowing for calculations to be classified as provisional and subject to remeasurement. There are three different classifications for the accounting: (1) completed, (2) not complete but reasonably estimable or (3) not complete and amounts are not reasonably estimable. The Company has recorded the impacts of 2017 Tax Reform and believes all the impacts to be complete with the exception of the repatriation tax on foreign earnings and interpretations of the bonus depreciation rules. The Company has determined the amounts recorded and the interpretations relating to these two items to be provisional and subject to remeasurement during the measurement period upon obtaining the necessary additional information to complete the accounting. The Company believes the estimates for the repatriation tax to be reasonable, however, additional time is required to validate the inputs to the foreign earnings and profits calculation, the basis on which the repatriation tax is determined, and additional guidance is required to determine state income tax implications. The Company also believes its interpretations for bonus depreciation to be reasonable, however, as the guidance is clarified, estimates may change. During the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018, the Company reduced the liability estimate by $20 million and $45 million, respectively, based on additional guidance for certain state income tax implications of the repatriation tax. The accounting is estimated to be completed by December 2018.



Iowa Senate File 2417

In May 2018, Iowa Senate File 2417 was signed into law in the state of Iowa, which, among other items, reduces the state of Iowa corporate tax rate from 12% to 9.8% and eliminates corporate federal deductibility, both for tax years starting in 2021. GAAP requires the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates be recognized in the period the tax rate change was enacted. As a result of Iowa Senate File 2417, the Company reduced deferred income tax liabilities $61 million and decreased deferred income tax expense by $2 million. As it is probable the change in deferred taxes for the Company's regulated businesses will be passed back to customers through regulatory mechanisms, the Company increased net regulatory liabilities by $59 million. In connection with Iowa Senate File 2417, the Company determined it was more appropriate to present the deferred income tax assets of $609 million associated with the state of Iowa net operating loss carryforward as a long-term income tax receivable from Berkshire Hathaway as a component of BHE's shareholders' equity. As the Company does not currently expect to receive any income tax amounts from Berkshire Hathaway related to the state of Iowa prior to the 2021 effective date, the Company has remeasured the long-term income tax receivable with Berkshire Hathaway at the enactment date and recorded a decrease to the long-term income tax receivable from Berkshire Hathaway of $115 million for the six-month period ended June 30, 2018.

A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate applicable to income before income tax expense is as follows:
Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
              
Federal statutory income tax rate35 % 35 % 35 % 35 %21 % 35 % 21 % 35 %
Income tax credits(19) (12) (17) (13)(78) (19) (58) (17)
State income tax, net of federal income tax benefit1
 1
 (2) (1)(19) 1
 (25) (2)
Income tax effect of foreign income(5) (6) (5) (5)(4) (5) (11) (5)
Effects of ratemaking(8) 
 (8) 
Equity income1
 2
 1
 2
1
 1
 1
 1
Other, net
 (1) (1)
(1)1
 
 (1)
(1)
Effective income tax rate13 % 19 % 11 % 17 %(86)% 13 % (81)% 11 %

The effective tax rate decreased for the second quarter of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to the reduction in the United States federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018, higher production tax credits recognized of $33 million, lower consolidated state income tax expense, including a reduction to the state provision for the repatriation tax, and the favorable impacts of rate making.

The effective tax rate decreased for the first six months of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to the reduction in the United States federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018, lower consolidated state income tax expense, including a reduction to the state provision for the repatriation tax, higher production tax credits recognized of $62 million, lower United States income tax on foreign earnings and the favorable impacts of rate making.

Income tax credits relate primarily to production tax credits from wind-powered generating facilities owned by MidAmerican Energy, PacifiCorp and BHE Renewables. Federal renewable electricity production tax credits are earned as energy from qualifying wind-powered generating facilities is produced and sold and are based on a per-kilowatt hour rate pursuant to the applicable federal income tax law. Wind-powered generating facilities are eligible for the credits for 10 years from the date the qualifying generating facilities are placed in-service.

The Company's provision for income tax has been computed on a stand-alone basis. Berkshire Hathaway includes the Company in its United States federal and Iowa state income tax return.returns and substantially all of its currently payable or receivable income tax is remitted to or received from Berkshire Hathaway. For the six-month period ended June 30,20172018, the Company madereceived net cash payments for federal income taxes totax from Berkshire Hathaway totaling $24$311 million. For the six-month period ended June 30, 2016,2017, the Company receivedmade net cash payments for federal income taxestax to Berkshire Hathaway totaling $24 million. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had a long-term income tax receivable from Berkshire Hathaway totaling $658 million.of $494 million for Iowa state income tax reflected as a component of BHE's shareholders' equity.



(8)
Employee Benefit Plans

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, which amends FASB ASC Topic 715, "Compensation - Retirement Benefits." The amendments in this guidance require that an employer disaggregate the service cost component from the other components of net benefit cost and report the service cost component in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the statement of operations separately from the service cost component and outside the subtotal of operating income. Additionally, the guidance only allows the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. The Company adopted this guidance January 1, 2018 prospectively for the capitalization of the service cost component in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net benefit cost in the Consolidated Statements of Operations applying the practical expedient to use the amounts previously disclosed in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements as the estimation basis for applying the retrospective presentation requirement. As a result, amounts other than the service cost for pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 of $4 million and $8 million, respectively, have been reclassified to Other, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Domestic Operations

Net periodic benefit (credit) cost for the domestic pension and other postretirement benefit plans included the following components (in millions):

Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Pension:              
Service cost$6
 $7
 $12
 $15
$5
 $6
 $10
 $12
Interest cost29
 32
 58
 63
26
 29
 52
 58
Expected return on plan assets(40) (41) (80) (81)(41) (40) (82) (80)
Net amortization8
 13
 15
 24
7
 8
 15
 15
Net periodic benefit cost$3
 $11
 $5
 $21
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost$(3) $3
 $(5) $5
              
Other postretirement:              
Service cost$2
 $2
 $4
 $5
$3
 $2
 $5
 $4
Interest cost8
 8
 14
 16
6
 8
 12
 14
Expected return on plan assets(11) (10) (21) (21)(12) (11) (22) (21)
Net amortization(4) (4) (7) (7)(3) (4) (6) (7)
Net periodic benefit credit$(5) $(4) $(10) $(7)$(6) $(5) $(11) $(10)

Amounts other than the service cost for pension and other postretirement benefit plans are recorded in Other, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Employer contributions to the domestic pension and other postretirement benefit plans are expected to be $15$37 million and $5$7 million,, respectively, during 2017.2018. As of June 30, 2017, $7 million and $42018, $6 million of contributions had been made to both the domestic pension and other postretirement benefit plans, respectively.plans.



Foreign Operations

Net periodic benefit cost for the United Kingdom pension plan included the following components (in millions):

Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
              
Service cost$7
 $6
 $13
 $11
$5
 $7
 $10
 $13
Interest cost15
 19
 29
 38
14
 15
 28
 29
Expected return on plan assets(25) (29) (49) (58)(26) (25) (53) (49)
Settlement24
 
 24
 
Net amortization16
 11
 33
 23
14
 16
 29
 33
Net periodic benefit cost$13
 $7
 $26
 $14
$31
 $13
 $38
 $26

Amounts other than the service cost for the United Kingdom pension plan are recorded in Other, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Employer contributions to the United Kingdom pension plan are expected to be £3946 million during 20172018. As of June 30, 20172018, £2023 million, or $2532 million, of contributions had been made to the United Kingdom pension plan.



(9)
Risk Management and Hedging Activities

The Company is exposed to the impact of market fluctuations in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. The Company is principally exposed to electricity, natural gas, coal and fuel oil commodity price risk primarily through BHE's ownership of PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy Company, Nevada Power Company and Sierra Pacific Power Company (the "Utilities") as they have an obligation to serve retail customer load in their regulated service territories. The Company also provides nonregulated retail electricity and natural gas services in competitive markets. The Utilities' load and generating facilities represent substantial underlying commodity positions. Exposures to commodity prices consist mainly of variations in the price of fuel required to generate electricity, wholesale electricity that is purchased and sold, and natural gas supply for retail customers. Commodity prices are subject to wide price swings as supply and demand are impacted by, among many other unpredictable items, weather, market liquidity, generating facility availability, customer usage, storage, and transmission and transportation constraints. Interest rate risk exists on variable-rate debt, future debt issuances and mortgage commitments. Additionally, the Company is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk from its business operations and investments in Great Britain and Canada. The Company does not engage in a material amount of proprietary trading activities.

Each of the Company's business platforms has established a risk management process that is designed to identify, assess, manage, monitor and report each of the various types of risk involved in its business. To mitigate a portion of its commodity price risk, the Company uses commodity derivative contracts, which may include forwards, futures, options, swaps and other agreements, to effectively secure future supply or sell future production generally at fixed prices. The Company manages its interest rate risk by limiting its exposure to variable interest rates primarily through the issuance of fixed-rate long-term debt and by monitoring market changes in interest rates. Additionally, the Company may from time to time enter into interest rate derivative contracts, such as interest rate swaps or locks, forward sale commitments, or mortgage interest rate lock commitments, to mitigate the Company's exposure to interest rate risk. The Company does not hedge all of its commodity price, interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate risks, thereby exposing the unhedged portion to changes in market prices.

There have been no significant changes in the Company's accounting policies related to derivatives. Refer to Note 10 for additional information on derivative contracts.

The following table, which reflects master netting arrangements and excludes contracts that have been designated as normal under the normal purchases or normal sales exception afforded by GAAP, summarizes the fair value of the Company's derivative contracts, on a gross basis, and reconciles those amounts to the amounts presented on a net basis on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):
 Other   Other Other  
 Current Other Current Long-term  
 Assets Assets Liabilities Liabilities Total
As of June 30, 2017         
Not designated as hedging contracts:         
Commodity assets(1)
$22
 $88
 $5
 $1
 $116
Commodity liabilities(1)
(4) (1) (55) (139) (199)
Interest rate assets12
 
 
 
 12
Interest rate liabilities
 
 (4) (7) (11)
Total30
 87
 (54) (145) (82)
  
  
  
  
  
Designated as hedging contracts: 
  
  
  
  
Commodity assets
 
 2
 6
 8
Commodity liabilities
 
 (13) (16) (29)
Interest rate assets
 6
 
 
 6
Interest rate liabilities
 
 (2) (1) (3)
Total
 6
 (13) (11) (18)
  
  
  
  
  
Total derivatives30
 93
 (67) (156) (100)
Cash collateral receivable
 
 20
 64
 84
Total derivatives - net basis$30
 $93
 $(47) $(92) $(16)


 Other   Other Other  
 Current Other Current Long-term  
 Assets Assets Liabilities Liabilities Total
As of December 31, 2016         
Not designated as hedging contracts:         
Commodity assets(1)
$42
 $86
 $5
 $2
 $135
Commodity liabilities(1)
(10) 
 (46) (150) (206)
Interest rate assets15
 
 
 
 15
Interest rate liabilities
 
 (4) (6) (10)
Total47
 86
 (45) (154) (66)
          
Designated as hedging contracts:         
Commodity assets1
 
 2
 3
 6
Commodity liabilities
 
 (14) (8) (22)
Interest rate assets
 8
 
 
 8
Interest rate liabilities
 
 (3) 
 (3)
Total1
 8
 (15) (5) (11)
          
Total derivatives48
 94
 (60) (159) (77)
Cash collateral receivable
 
 13
 61
 74
Total derivatives - net basis$48
 $94
 $(47) $(98) $(3)
(1)
The Company's commodity derivatives not designated as hedging contracts are generally included in regulated rates, and as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, a net regulatory asset of $162 million and $148 million, respectively, was recorded related to the net derivative liability of $83 million and $71 million, respectively. The difference between the net regulatory asset and the net derivative liability relates primarily to a power purchase agreement derivative at BHE Renewables.

Not Designated as Hedging Contracts

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the Company's net regulatory assets and summarizes the pre-tax gains and losses on commodity derivative contracts recognized in net regulatory assets, as well as amounts reclassified to earnings (in millions):
 Three-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
        
Beginning balance$180
 $253
 $148
 $250
Changes in fair value recognized in net regulatory assets
 (49) 33
 (13)
Net gains (losses) reclassified to operating revenue1
 (3) 14
 (3)
Net losses reclassified to cost of sales(19) (16) (33) (49)
Ending balance$162
 $185
 $162
 $185



Designated as Hedging Contracts

The Company uses commodity derivative contracts accounted for as cash flow hedges to hedge electricity and natural gas commodity prices for delivery to nonregulated customers, spring operational sales, natural gas storage and other transactions. Certain commodity derivative contracts have settled and the fair value at the date of settlement remains in AOCI and is recognized in earnings when the forecasted transactions impact earnings. The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the Company's accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss (pre-tax) and summarizes pre-tax gains and losses on commodity derivative contracts designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges recognized in OCI, as well as amounts reclassified to earnings (in millions):
 Three-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
        
Beginning balance$23
 $72
 $16
 $46
Changes in fair value recognized in OCI7
 (28) 23
 20
Net losses reclassified to cost of sales(9) (18) (18) (40)
Ending balance$21
 $26
 $21
 $26
Realized gains and losses on hedges and hedge ineffectiveness are recognized in income as operating revenue, cost of sales, operating expense or interest expense depending upon the nature of the item being hedged. For the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, hedge ineffectiveness was insignificant. As of June 30, 2017, the Company had cash flow hedges with expiration dates extending through June 2026 and $13 million of pre-tax unrealized losses are forecasted to be reclassified from AOCI into earnings over the next twelve months as contracts settle.
Derivative Contract Volumes

The following table summarizes the net notional amounts of outstanding derivative contracts with fixed price terms that comprise the mark-to-market values as of (in millions):
 Unit of June 30, December 31,
 Measure 2017 2016
      
Electricity purchasesMegawatt hours 11
 5
Natural gas purchasesDecatherms 279
 271
Fuel purchasesGallons 5
 11
Interest rate swapsUS$ 694
 714
Mortgage sale commitments, netUS$ (348) (309)

Credit Risk

The Utilities are exposed to counterparty credit risk associated with wholesale energy supply and marketing activities with other utilities, energy marketing companies, financial institutions and other market participants. Credit risk may be concentrated to the extent the Utilities' counterparties have similar economic, industry or other characteristics and due to direct or indirect relationships among the counterparties. Before entering into a transaction, the Utilities analyze the financial condition of each significant wholesale counterparty, establish limits on the amount of unsecured credit to be extended to each counterparty and evaluate the appropriateness of unsecured credit limits on an ongoing basis. To further mitigate wholesale counterparty credit risk, the Utilities enter into netting and collateral arrangements that may include margining and cross-product netting agreements and obtain third-party guarantees, letters of credit and cash deposits. If required, the Utilities exercise rights under these arrangements, including calling on the counterparty's credit support arrangement.



Collateral and Contingent Features

In accordance with industry practice, certain wholesale derivative contracts contain credit support provisions that in part base certain collateral requirements on credit ratings for senior unsecured debt as reported by one or more of the three recognized credit rating agencies. These derivative contracts may either specifically provide bilateral rights to demand cash or other security if credit exposures on a net basis exceed specified rating-dependent threshold levels ("credit-risk-related contingent features") or provide the right for counterparties to demand "adequate assurance," or in some cases terminate the contract, in the event of a material adverse change in creditworthiness. These rights can vary by contract and by counterparty. As of June 30, 2017, the applicable credit ratings from the three recognized credit rating agencies were investment grade.

The aggregate fair value of the Company's derivative contracts in liability positions with specific credit-risk-related contingent features totaled $194 million and $190 million as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, for which the Company had posted collateral of $73 million and $69 million, respectively, in the form of cash deposits. If all credit-risk-related contingent features for derivative contracts in liability positions had been triggered as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company would have been required to post $112 million and $110 million, respectively, of additional collateral. The Company's collateral requirements could fluctuate considerably due to market price volatility, changes in credit ratings, changes in legislation or regulation, or other factors.

(109)
Fair Value Measurements

The carrying value of the Company's cash, certain cash equivalents, receivables, payables, accrued liabilities and short-term borrowings approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. The Company has various financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on the Consolidated Financial Statements using inputs from the three levels of the fair value hierarchy. A financial asset or liability classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels are as follows:

Level 1 — Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2 — Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs).
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs reflect the Company's judgments about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability since limited market data exists. The Company develops these inputs based on the best information available, including its own data.



The following table presents the Company's financial assets and liabilities recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in millions):

  Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements    
  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Other(1)
 Total
As of June 30, 2017          
Assets:          
Commodity derivatives $2
 $26
 $96
 $(19) $105
Interest rate derivatives 
 8
 10
 
 18
Mortgage loans held for sale 
 408
 
 
 408
Money market mutual funds(2)
 773
 
 
 
 773
Debt securities:          
United States government obligations 161
 
 
 
 161
International government obligations 
 4
 
 
 4
Corporate obligations 
 36
 
 
 36
Municipal obligations 
 2
 
 
 2
Agency, asset and mortgage-backed obligations 
 1
 
 
 1
Equity securities:          
United States companies 270
 
 
 
 270
International companies 1,388
 
 
 
 1,388
Investment funds 175
 
 
 
 175
  $2,769

$485

$106

$(19) $3,341
Liabilities:  
  
  
  
  
Commodity derivatives $(2)
$(211)
$(15)
$103
 $(125)
Interest rate derivatives 
 (12) (2) 
 (14)
  $(2) $(223) $(17) $103
 $(139)

As of December 31, 2016          
 Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements    
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Other(1)
 Total
As of June 30, 2018          
Assets:                    
Commodity derivatives $5
 $49
 $87
 $(22) $119
 $
 $46
 $101
 $(33) $114
Interest rate derivatives 
 16
 7
 
 23
 1
 17
 17
 
 35
Mortgage loans held for sale 
 359
 
 
 359
 
 763
 
 
 763
Money market mutual funds(2)
 586
 
 
 
 586
 600
 
 
 
 600
Debt securities:                    
United States government obligations 161
 
 
 
 161
 184
 
 
 
 184
International government obligations 
 3
 
 
 3
 
 4
 
 
 4
Corporate obligations 
 36
 
 
 36
 
 36
 
 
 36
Municipal obligations 
 2
 
 
 2
 
 2
 
 
 2
Agency, asset and mortgage-backed obligations 
 2
 
 
 2
Equity securities:                    
United States companies 250
 
 
 
 250
 289
 
 
 
 289
International companies 1,190
 
 
 
 1,190
 1,370
 
 
 
 1,370
Investment funds 147
 
 
 
 147
 187
 
 
 
 187
 $2,339
 $467
 $94
 $(22) $2,878
 $2,631

$868

$118

$(33) $3,584
Liabilities:            
  
  
  
  
Commodity derivatives $(2) $(199) $(27) $96
 $(132) $

$(184)
$(18)
$117
 $(85)
Interest rate derivatives (1) (11) (1) 
 (13) 
 (8) 
 
 (8)
 $(3) $(210) $(28) $96
 $(145) $
 $(192) $(18) $117
 $(93)


  Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements    
  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Other(1)
 Total
As of December 31, 2017          
Assets:          
Commodity derivatives $1
 $42
 $104
 $(29) $118
Interest rate derivatives 
 15
 9
 
 24
Mortgage loans held for sale 
 465
 
 
 465
Money market mutual funds(2)
 685
 
 
 
 685
Debt securities:          
United States government obligations 176
 
 
 
 176
International government obligations 
 5
 
 
 5
Corporate obligations 
 36
 
 
 36
Municipal obligations 
 2
 
 
 2
Equity securities:          
United States companies 288
 
 
 
 288
International companies 1,968
 
 
 
 1,968
Investment funds 178
 
 
 
 178
  $3,296
 $565
 $113
 $(29) $3,945
Liabilities:          
Commodity derivatives $(3) $(167) $(10) $105
 $(75)
Interest rate derivatives 
 (8) 
 
 (8)
  $(3) $(175) $(10) $105
 $(83)

(1)
Represents netting under master netting arrangements and a net cash collateral receivable of $84 million and $7476 million as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 20162017, respectively.
(2)
Amounts are included in cash and cash equivalents; other current assets; and noncurrent investments and restricted cash and investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of these money market mutual funds approximates cost.



Derivative contracts are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either assets or liabilities and are stated at estimated fair value unless they are designated as normal purchases or normal sales and qualify for the exception afforded by GAAP. When available, the fair value of derivative contracts is estimated using unadjusted quoted prices for identical contracts in the market in which the Company transacts. When quoted prices for identical contracts are not available, the Company uses forward price curves. Forward price curves represent the Company's estimates of the prices at which a buyer or seller could contract today for delivery or settlement at future dates. The Company bases its forward price curves upon market price quotations, when available, or internally developed and commercial models, with internal and external fundamental data inputs. Market price quotations are obtained from independent brokers, exchanges, direct communication with market participants and actual transactions executed by the Company. Market price quotations are generally readily obtainable for the applicable term of the Company's outstanding derivative contracts; therefore, the Company's forward price curves reflect observable market quotes. Market price quotations for certain electricity and natural gas trading hubs are not as readily obtainable due to the length of the contract. Given that limited market data exists for these contracts, as well as for those contracts that are not actively traded, the Company uses forward price curves derived from internal models based on perceived pricing relationships to major trading hubs that are based on unobservable inputs. The estimated fair value of these derivative contracts is a function of underlying forward commodity prices, interest rates, currency rates, related volatility, counterparty creditworthiness and duration of contracts. Refer to Note 9 for further discussion regarding the Company's risk management and hedging activities.

The Company's mortgage loans held for sale are valued based on independent quoted market prices, where available, or the prices of other mortgage whole loans with similar characteristics. As necessary, these prices are adjusted for typical securitization activities, including servicing value, portfolio composition, market conditions and liquidity.

The Company's investments in money market mutual funds and debt and equity securities are stated at fair value and are primarily accounted for as available-for-sale securities.value. When available, a readily observable quoted market price or net asset value of an identical security in an active market is used to record the fair value. In the absence of a quoted market price or net asset value of an identical security, the fair value is determined using pricing models or net asset values based on observable market inputs and quoted market prices of securities with similar characteristics.

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant Level 3 inputs (in millions):
Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
�� Interest Auction   Interest Auction  Interest   Interest
Commodity Rate Rate Commodity Rate RateCommodity Rate Commodity Rate
Derivatives Derivatives Securities Derivatives Derivatives SecuritiesDerivatives Derivatives Derivatives Derivatives
2017:           
2018:       
Beginning balance$72
 $9
 $
 $60
 $6
 $
$81
 $16
 $94
 $9
Changes included in earnings
 39
 
 12
 66
 
4
 56
 4
 86
Changes in fair value recognized in OCI
 
 
 (2) 
 
1
 
 
 
Changes in fair value recognized in net regulatory assets(3) 
 
 (2) 
 
(5) 
 (14) 
Purchases1
 
 
 1
 (2) 

 
 1
 
Settlements11
 (40) 
 12
 (62) 
2
 (55) (2) (78)
Ending balance$81
 $8
 $
 $81
 $8
 $
$83
 $17
 $83
 $17
2017:       
Beginning balance$72
 $9
 $60
 $6
Changes included in earnings
 39
 12
 66
Changes in fair value recognized in OCI
 
 (2) 
Changes in fair value recognized in net regulatory assets(3) 
 (2) 
Purchases1
 
 1
 (2)
Settlements11
 (40) 12
 (62)
Ending balance$81
 $8
 $81
 $8



 Three-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
   Interest Auction   Interest Auction
 Commodity Rate Rate Commodity Rate Rate
 Derivatives Derivatives Securities Derivatives Derivatives Securities
2016:           
Beginning balance$58
 $11
 $26
 $47
 $4
 $44
Changes included in earnings(20) 29
 
 (1) 54
 
Changes in fair value recognized in OCI6
 
 2
 
 
 6
Changes in fair value recognized in net regulatory assets(5) 
 
 (11) 
 
Redemptions
 
 (10) 
 
 (32)
Settlements5
 (26) 
 9
 (44) 
Ending balance$44
 $14
 $18
 $44
 $14
 $18

The Company's long-term debt is carried at cost on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of the Company's long-term debt is a Level 2 fair value measurement and has been estimated based upon quoted market prices, where available, or at the present value of future cash flows discounted at rates consistent with comparable maturities with similar credit risks. The carrying value of the Company's variable-rate long-term debt approximates fair value because of the frequent repricing of these instruments at market rates. The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company's long-term debt (in millions):
 As of June 30, 2017 As of December 31, 2016
 Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
 Value Value Value Value
        
Long-term debt$36,048
 $41,340
 $36,116
 $40,718
 As of June 30, 2018 As of December 31, 2017
 Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
 Value Value Value Value
        
Long-term debt$36,707
 $40,139
 $35,193
 $40,522

(11)10)
Commitments and Contingencies

Fuel, Capacity and Transmission Contract Commitments

During the six-month period ended June 30, 2017, MidAmerican Energy amended certain of its natural gas supply and transportation contracts increasing minimum payments by $247 million through 2021 and $70 million for 2022 through 2041.

Construction Commitments

During the six-month period ended June 30, 2017, MidAmerican Energy entered into contracts totaling $514 million for the construction of wind-powered generating facilities in 2017 through 2019, including $222 million in 2017, $284 million in 2018 and $8 million in 2019.

Operating Leases and Easements

During the six-month period ended June 30, 2017,2018, MidAmerican Energy entered into non-cancelable easements with minimum payments totaling $114$283 million through 20572058 for land in Iowa on which some of its wind-powered generating facilities will be located.

Legal Matters

The Company is party to a variety of legal actions arising out of the normal course of business. Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. The Company does not believe that such normal and routine litigation will have a material impact on its consolidated financial results. The Company is also involved in other kinds of legal actions, some of which assert or may assert claims or seek to impose fines, penalties and other costs in substantial amounts and are described below.



Environmental Laws and Regulations

The Company is subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations regarding air and water quality, renewable portfolio standards, emissions performance standards, climate change, coal combustion byproduct disposal, hazardous and solid waste disposal, protected species and other environmental matters that have the potential to impact the Company's current and future operations. The Company believes it is in material compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.

Hydroelectric Relicensing

PacifiCorp's Klamath hydroelectric system is currently operating under annual licenses with the FERC.Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ("FERC"). In February 2010, PacifiCorp, the United States Department of the Interior, the United States Department of Commerce, the state of California, the state of Oregon and various other governmental and non-governmental settlement parties signed the Klamath Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement ("KHSA"). Among other things, the KHSA provided that that United States Department of the Interior would conduct scientific and engineering studies to assess whether removal of the Klamath hydroelectric system's mainstem dams was in the public interest and would advance restoration of the Klamath Basin's salmonid fisheries. If it was determined that dam removal should proceed, dam removal would begin no earlier than 2020.



Congress failed to pass legislation needed to implement the original KHSA. OnIn April 6, 2016, PacifiCorp,the principal parties to the KHSA (PacifiCorp, the states of California and Oregon and the United States Departments of the Interior and Commerce and other stakeholdersCommerce) executed an amendment to the KHSA. Consistent with the terms of the amended KHSA, onin September 23, 2016, PacifiCorp and the Klamath River Renewal Corporation ("KRRC"), a private, independent nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization formed by certain signatories of the amended KSHA, jointly filed an application with the FERC to transfer the license for the four mainstem Klamath River hydroelectric generating facilities from PacifiCorp to the KRRC. Also onin September 23, 2016, the KRRC filed an application with the FERC to surrender the license and decommission the same four facilities. The KRRC's license surrender application included a request for the FERC to refrain from acting on the surrender application until after the transfer of the license to the KRRC is effective. In March 2018, the FERC issued an order splitting the existing license for the Klamath Project into two licenses: the Klamath Project (P‑2082) contains East Side, West Side, Keno and Fall Creek developments; the new Lower Klamath Project (P‑14803) contains J.C. Boyle, Copco No. 1, Copco No. 2 and Iron Gate developments. In the same order, the FERC deferred consideration of the transfer of the license for the Lower Klamath facilities from PacifiCorp to the KRRC until some point in the future. PacifiCorp is currently the licensee for both the Klamath Project and Lower Klamath Project facilities and will retain ownership of the Klamath Project facilities after the approval and transfer of the Lower Klamath Project facilities. In April 2018, PacifiCorp filed a motion to stay the effective date of the license amendment until transfer is approved. In June 2018, the FERC granted PacifiCorp’s motion to stay the effective date of the Lower Klamath Project license and all related compliance obligations, pending a Commission order on the license transfer. Meanwhile, the FERC continues to assess the KRRC’s capacity to become a project licensee for purposes of dam removal.

Under the amended KHSA, PacifiCorp and its customers are protected from uncapped dam removal costs and liabilities. The KRRC must indemnify PacifiCorp from liabilities associated with dam removal. The amended KHSA also limits PacifiCorp's contribution to facilities removal costs to no more than $200 million, of which up to $184 million would be collected from PacifiCorp's Oregon customers with the remainder to be collected from PacifiCorp's California customers. California voters approved a water bond measure in November 2014 from which the state of California's contribution towardstoward facilities removal costs are being drawn. In accordance with this bond measure, additional funding of up to $250 million for facilities removal costs was included in the California state budget in 2016, with the funding effective for at least five years. If facilities removal costs exceed the combined funding that will be available from PacifiCorp's Oregon and California customers and the state of California, sufficient funds would need to be provided by the KRRC or an entity other than PacifiCorp for removal to proceed.

If certain conditions in the amended KHSA are not satisfied and the license does not transfer to the KRRC, PacifiCorp will resume relicensing with the FERC.

Guarantees

The Company has entered into guarantees as part of the normal course of business and the sale of certain assets. These guarantees are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial results.

(11)
Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Adoption

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, which created FASB ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("ASC 606") and superseded ASC Topic 605, "Revenue Recognition." The guidance replaced industry-specific guidance and established a single five-step model to identify and recognize revenue from contracts with customers ("Customer Revenue"). The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Following the issuance of ASU No. 2014-09, the FASB issued several ASUs that clarified the implementation guidance for ASU No. 2014-09 but did not change the core principle of the guidance. The Company adopted this guidance for all applicable contracts as of January 1, 2018 under a modified retrospective method and the adoption did not have a cumulative effect impact at the date of initial adoption.

Customer Revenue

The Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company records sales, franchise and excise taxes collected directly from customers and remitted directly to the taxing authorities on a net basis on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.



Energy Products and Services

A majority of the Company's energy revenue is derived from tariff based sales arrangements approved by various regulatory bodies. These tariff based revenues are mainly comprised of energy, transmission, distribution and natural gas and have performance obligations to deliver energy products and services to customers which are satisfied over time as energy is delivered or services are provided. The Company's energy revenue that is nonregulated primarily relates to the Company's renewable energy business. Other revenue consists primarily of revenue recognized in accordance with ASC 815, "Derivatives and Hedging", ASC 840, "Leases" and amounts not considered Customer Revenue within ASC 606.

Revenue recognized is equal to what the Company has the right to invoice as it corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the Company's performance to date and includes billed and unbilled amounts. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, trade receivables, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets relate substantially to Customer Revenue, including unbilled revenue of $722 million and $665 million, respectively. Payments for amounts billed are generally due from the customer within 30 days of billing. Rates charged for energy products and services are established by regulators or contractual arrangements that establish the transaction price as well as the allocation of price amongst the separate performance obligations. When preliminary regulated rates are permitted to be billed prior to final approval by the applicable regulator, certain revenue collected may be subject to refund and a liability for estimated refunds is accrued.

The following table summarizes the Company's energy products and services revenue by regulated energy and nonregulated energy, with further disaggregation of regulated energy by customer class and line of business, including a reconciliation to the Company's reportable segment information included in Note 14 (in millions):
  For the Three-Month Period Ended June 30, 2018
  PacifiCorp MidAmerican Funding NV Energy Northern Powergrid BHE Pipeline Group BHE Transmission BHE Renewables 
BHE
and Other
 Total
Customer Revenue:                  
Regulated:                  
Retail Electric $1,115
 $505
 $691
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $2,311
Retail Gas 
 99
 19
 
 
 
 
 
 118
Wholesale 9
 87
 6
 
 
 
 
 (1) 101
Transmission and
   distribution
 30
 14
 25
 216
 
 174
 
 
 459
Interstate pipeline 
 
 
 
 236
 
 
 (25) 211
Other 
 
 1
 
 
 
 
 
 1
Total Regulated 1,154
 705
 742
 216
 236
 174
 
 (26) 3,201
Nonregulated 
 5
 1
 10
 
 3
 186
 158
 363
Total Customer Revenue 1,154
 710
 743
 226
 236
 177
 186
 132
 3,564
Other revenue 39
 8
 7
 20
 
 
 60
 22
 156
Total $1,193
 $718
 $750
 $246
 $236
 $177
 $246
 $154
 $3,720
  For the Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2018
  PacifiCorp MidAmerican Funding NV Energy Northern Powergrid BHE Pipeline Group BHE Transmission BHE Renewables 
BHE
and Other
 Total
Customer Revenue:                  
Regulated:                  
Retail Electric $2,211
 $891
 $1,230
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $4,332
Retail Gas 
 345
 59
 
 
 
 
 
 404
Wholesale 31
 180
 17
 
 
 
 
 (2) 226
Transmission and
   distribution
 52
 30
 45
 465
 
 354
 
 
 946
Interstate pipeline 
 
 
 
 610
 
 
 (66) 544
Other 
 
 1
 
 
 
 
 
 1
Total Regulated 2,294
 1,446
 1,352
 465
 610
 354
 
 (68) 6,453
Nonregulated 
 5
 1
 21
 
 3
 303
 302
 635
Total Customer Revenue 2,294
 1,451
 1,353
 486
 610
 357
 303
 234
 7,088
Other revenue 83
 14
 14
 38
 2
 
 97
 63
 311
Total $2,377
 $1,465
 $1,367
 $524
 $612
 $357
 $400
 $297
 $7,399



Real Estate Services

The Company's HomeServices reportable segment consists of separate brokerage, mortgage and franchise businesses. Rates charged for brokerage, mortgage and franchise real estate services are established through contractual arrangements that establish the transaction price and the allocation of the price amongst the separate performance obligations. Other revenue consists primarily of revenue related to the mortgage businesses recognized in accordance with ASC 815, "Derivatives and Hedging", ASC 825, "Financial Instruments" and ASC 860, "Transfers and Servicing."

The full-service residential real estate brokerage business has performance obligations to deliver integrated real estate services including brokerage services, title and closing services, property and casualty insurance, home warranties, relocation services, and other home-related services to customers. All performance obligations related to the full-service residential real estate brokerage business are satisfied in less than one year at the point in time when a real estate transaction is closed or when services are provided. Commission revenue from real estate brokerage transactions and related amounts due to agents are recognized when a real estate transaction is closed. Title and escrow closing fee revenue from real estate transactions and related amounts due to the title insurer are recognized at closing. Payments for amounts billed are generally due from the customer at closing.

The franchise business operates a network that has performance obligations to provide the right to use certain brand names and other related service marks as well as to provide orientation programs, training and consultation services, advertising programs and other services to its franchisees. The performance obligations related to the franchise business are satisfied over time or when the services are provided. Franchise royalty fees are sales-based variable consideration and are based on a percentage of commissions earned by franchisees on real estate sales, which are recognized when the sale closes. Meetings and training revenue, referral fees, late fees, service fees and franchise termination fees are earned when services have been completed. Payments for amounts billed are generally due from the franchisee within 30 days of billing.

The following table summarizes the Company's real estate services revenue by line of business (in millions):

 HomeServices
 Three-Month Period Six-Month Period
 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
 2018 2018
Customer Revenue:   
Brokerage$1,168
 $1,853
Franchise19
 34
Total Customer Revenue1,187
 1,887
Other revenue86
 147
Total$1,273
 $2,034

Contract Assets and Liabilities

In the event one of the parties to a contract has performed before the other, the Company would recognize a contract asset or contract liability depending on the relationship between the Company's performance and the customer's payment. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no material contract assets or contract liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018, there was no material revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period or from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods.



Remaining Performance Obligations

The following table summarizes the Company's revenue it expects to recognize in future periods related to significant unsatisfied remaining performance obligations for fixed contracts with expected durations in excess of one year as of June 30, 2018, by reportable segment (in millions):
 Performance obligations expected to be satisfied:  
 Less than 12 months More than 12 months Total
BHE Pipeline Group$810
 $5,955
 $6,765
BHE Transmission350
 
 350
Total$1,160
 $5,955
 $7,115

(12)
BHE Shareholders' Equity

Common Stock

In March 2018, BHE repurchased from certain family interests of Mr. Walter Scott, Jr. 149,281 shares of its common stock for $90 million. In February 2017, BHE repurchased from certain family interests of Mr. Walter Scott, Jr. 35,000 shares of its common stock for $19 million.

(1213)
Components of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net

The following table shows the change in AOCI attributable to BHE shareholders by each component of OCI, net of applicable income taxestax (in millions):
     Unrealized   
 Unrecognized Foreign Unrealized Unrealized AOCI
 Unrecognized Foreign Gains on Unrealized AOCI Amounts on Currency Gains on Gains (Losses) Attributable
 Amounts on Currency Available- Gains (Losses) Attributable Retirement Translation Marketable on Cash To BHE
 Retirement Translation For-Sale on Cash To BHE Benefits Adjustment Securities Flow Hedges Shareholders, Net
 Benefits Adjustment Securities Flow Hedges Shareholders, Net          
          
Balance, December 31, 2015 $(438) $(1,092) $615
 $7
 $(908)
Other comprehensive income (loss) 62
 (205) 71
 1
 (71)
Balance, June 30, 2016 $(376) $(1,297) $686
 $8
 $(979)
          
Balance, December 31, 2016 $(447) $(1,675) $585
 $26
 $(1,511) $(447) $(1,675) $585
 $26
 $(1,511)
Other comprehensive income (loss) 1
 308
 119
 (6) 422
 1
 308
 119
 (6) 422
Balance, June 30, 2017 $(446) $(1,367) $704
 $20
 $(1,089) $(446) $(1,367) $704
 $20
 $(1,089)
          
Balance, December 31, 2017 $(383) $(1,129) $1,085
 $29
 $(398)
Adoption of ASU 2016-01 
 
 (1,085) 
 (1,085)
Other comprehensive income (loss) 51
 (234) 
 1
 (182)
Balance, June 30, 2018 $(332) $(1,363) $
 $30
 $(1,665)

Reclassifications from AOCI to net income for the periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 were insignificant. For more information regarding cash flow hedge reclassifications from AOCI to net income in their entirety,the adoption of ASU 2016-01, refer to Note 9. Additionally, refer to the "Foreign Operations" discussion in Note 8 for information about unrecognized amounts on retirement benefits reclassifications from AOCI that do not impact net income in their entirety.5.



(1314)
Segment Information

The Company's reportable segments with foreign operations include Northern Powergrid, whose business is principally in the United Kingdom, BHE Transmission, whose business includes operations in Canada, and BHE Renewables, whose business includes operations in the Philippines. Intersegment eliminations and adjustments, including the allocation of goodwill, have been made. Information related to the Company's reportable segments is shown below (in millions):
Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Operating revenue:              
PacifiCorp$1,245
 $1,233
 $2,526
 $2,485
$1,193
 $1,245
 $2,377
 $2,526
MidAmerican Funding659
 585
 1,355
 1,211
718
 659
 1,465
 1,355
NV Energy753
 707
 1,337
 1,322
750
 753
 1,367
 1,337
Northern Powergrid219
 249
 464
 528
246
 219
 524
 464
BHE Pipeline Group192
 188
 507
 503
236
 192
 612
 507
BHE Transmission158
 (18) 324
 140
177
 158
 357
 324
BHE Renewables220
 170
 364
 309
246
 220
 400
 364
HomeServices956
 841
 1,541
 1,332
1,273
 956
 2,034
 1,541
BHE and Other(1)
152
 166
 302
 332
154
 152
 297
 302
Total operating revenue$4,554
 $4,121
 $8,720
 $8,162
$4,993
 $4,554
 $9,433
 $8,720
       
Depreciation and amortization:       
PacifiCorp$202
 $199
 $398
 $396
MidAmerican Funding141
 110
 258
 220
NV Energy106
 105
 210
 209
Northern Powergrid52
 50
 101
 100
BHE Pipeline Group43
 54
 73
 107
BHE Transmission53
 66
 107
 116
BHE Renewables63
 56
 124
 112
HomeServices10
 9
 22
 15
BHE and Other(1)

 (1) (1) (1)
Total depreciation and amortization$670
 $648
 $1,292
 $1,274
Depreciation and amortization:       
PacifiCorp$197
 $202
 $399
 $398
MidAmerican Funding208
 141
 366
 258
NV Energy114
 106
 227
 210
Northern Powergrid64
 52
 127
 101
BHE Pipeline Group30
 43
 72
 73
BHE Transmission61
 53
 123
 107
BHE Renewables66
 63
 130
 124
HomeServices11
 10
 23
 22
BHE and Other(1)
(1) 
 (1) (1)
Total depreciation and amortization$750
 $670
 $1,466
 $1,292



Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Operating income:              
PacifiCorp$338
 $339
 $683
 $663
$284
 $333
 $531
 $672
MidAmerican Funding136
 140
 243
 240
87
 131
 166
 233
NV Energy191
 173
 289
 262
144
 192
 233
 290
Northern Powergrid94
 125
 227
 283
111
 100
 258
 240
BHE Pipeline Group55
 60
 263
 252
57
 54
 283
 262
BHE Transmission73
 (122) 150
 (46)81
 73
 162
 150
BHE Renewables84
 52
 99
 76
104
 84
 132
 99
HomeServices110
 93
 112
 92
108
 110
 100
 112
BHE and Other(1)
(32) (6) (46) (15)(4) (32) (22) (46)
Total operating income1,049

854
 2,020

1,807
972

1,045
 1,843

2,012
Interest expense(457) (468) (915) (941)(461) (457) (927) (915)
Capitalized interest10
 103
 20
 114
15
 10
 27
 20
Allowance for equity funds18
 115
 35
 130
24
 18
 45
 35
Interest and dividend income27
 27
 53
 54
32
 27
 58
 53
(Losses) gains on marketable securities, net(387) 2
 (596) 5
Other, net(3) 1
 22
 11
1
 (1) 31
 25
Total income before income tax expense and equity income$644

$632
 $1,235

$1,175
$196

$644
 $481

$1,235
Interest expense:              
PacifiCorp$95
 $96
 $190
 $191
$96
 $95
 $192
 $190
MidAmerican Funding59
 55
 118
 109
61
 59
 124
 118
NV Energy58
 63
 116
 130
59
 58
 117
 116
Northern Powergrid33
 36
 64
 72
36
 33
 73
 64
BHE Pipeline Group10
 13
 22
 26
10
 10
 20
 22
BHE Transmission39
 38
 80
 74
42
 39
 85
 80
BHE Renewables52
 48
 102
 97
49
 52
 101
 102
HomeServices1
 
 2
 1
6
 1
 10
 2
BHE and Other(1)
110
 119
 221
 241
102
 110
 205
 221
Total interest expense$457
 $468
 $915

$941
$461
 $457
 $927

$915
Operating revenue by country:              
United States$4,177
 $3,889
 $7,924
 $7,488
$4,570
 $4,177
 $8,548
 $7,924
United Kingdom219
 249
 464
 528
245
 219
 522
 464
Canada158
 (17) 324
 143
177
 158
 357
 324
Philippines and other
 
 8
 3
1
 
 6
 8
Total operating revenue by country$4,554
 $4,121
 $8,720
 $8,162
$4,993
 $4,554
 $9,433
 $8,720
Income before income tax expense and equity income by country:              
United States$529
 $498
 $952
 $856
$93
 $529
 $211
 $952
United Kingdom62
 91
 164
 210
49
 62
 161
 164
Canada38
 28
 80
 71
41
 38
 82
 80
Philippines and other15
 15
 39
 38
13
 15
 27
 39
Total income before income tax expense and equity income by country$644
 $632
 $1,235
 $1,175
$196
 $644
 $481
 $1,235



As ofAs of
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
Total assets:   
Assets:   
PacifiCorp$23,626
 $23,563
$23,124
 $23,086
MidAmerican Funding18,261
 17,571
18,998
 18,444
NV Energy14,188
 14,320
14,311
 13,903
Northern Powergrid6,940
 6,433
7,537
 7,565
BHE Pipeline Group4,900
 5,144
5,194
 5,134
BHE Transmission8,794
 8,378
8,644
 9,009
BHE Renewables7,643
 7,010
8,343
 7,687
HomeServices2,061
 1,776
3,213
 2,722
BHE and Other(1)
1,396
 1,245
1,577
 2,658
Total assets$87,809
 $85,440
$90,941
 $90,208

(1)The differences between the reportable segment amounts and the consolidated amounts, described as BHE and Other, relate principally to other entities, corporate functions and intersegment eliminations.

The following table shows the change in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the six-month period ended June 30, 20172018 (in millions):
         BHE        
   MidAmerican NV Northern Pipeline BHE BHE Home-  
 PacifiCorp Funding Energy Powergrid Group Transmission Renewables Services Total
                  
December 31, 2016$1,129
 $2,102
 $2,369
 $930
 $75
 $1,470
 $95
 $840
 $9,010
Acquisitions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 106
 106
Foreign currency translation
 
 
 36
 
 54
 
 
 90
Other
 
 
 
 (2) 
 
 
 (2)
June 30, 2017$1,129
 $2,102
 $2,369
 $966
 $73
 $1,524
 $95
 $946
 $9,204
         BHE Pipeline Group        
   MidAmerican Funding NV Energy Northern Powergrid  BHE Transmission BHE Renewables HomeServices  
 PacifiCorp        Total
                  
December 31, 2017$1,129
 $2,102
 $2,369
 $991
 $73
 $1,571
 $95
 $1,348
 $9,678
Acquisitions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 75
 75
Foreign currency translation
 
 
 (16) 
 (67) 
 
 (83)
June 30, 2018$1,129
 $2,102
 $2,369
 $975
 $73
 $1,504
 $95
 $1,423
 $9,670


Item 2.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is management's discussion and analysis of certain significant factors that have affected the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company during the periods included herein. Explanations include management's best estimate of the impact of weather, customer growth and other factors. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company's historical unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q. The Company's actual results in the future could differ significantly from the historical results.

The Company isCompany's operations are organized as eight business segments: PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Funding (which primarily consists of MidAmerican Energy), NV Energy (which primarily consists of Nevada Power and Sierra Pacific), Northern Powergrid (which primarily consists of Northern Powergrid (Northeast) Limited and Northern Powergrid (Yorkshire) plc), BHE Pipeline Group (which consists of Northern Natural Gas and Kern River), BHE Transmission (which consists of AltaLink and BHE U.S. Transmission), BHE Renewables and HomeServices. BHE, through these locally managed and operated businesses, owns four utility companies in the United States serving customers in 11 states, two electricity distribution companies in Great Britain, two interstate natural gas pipeline companies in the United States, an electric transmission business in Canada, interests in electric transmission businesses in the United States, a renewable energy business primarily selling power generated frominvesting in solar, wind, geothermal and hydroelectric sources under long-term contracts,projects, the second largest residential real estate brokerage firm in the United States and one of the largest residential real estate brokerage franchise networks in the United States. The reportable segment financial information includes all necessary adjustments and eliminations needed to conform to the Company's significant accounting policies. The differences between the reportable segment amounts and the consolidated amounts, described as BHE and Other, relate principally to other entities, corporate functions and intersegment eliminations.

Results of Operations for the Second Quarter and First Six Months of 20172018 and 20162017

Overview

Net income for the Company's reportable segments is summarized as follows (in millions):
Second Quarter First Six MonthsSecond Quarter First Six Months
2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
Net income attributable to BHE shareholders:                              
PacifiCorp$176
 $177
 $(1) (1)% $355
 $342
 $13
 4 %$185
 $176
 $9
 5 % $333
 $355
 $(22) (6)%
MidAmerican Funding131
 127
 4
 3
 233
 200
 33
 17
103
 131
 (28) (21) 206
 233
 (27) (12)
NV Energy91
 76
 15
 20
 124
 97
 27
 28
77
 91
 (14) (15) 110
 124
 (14) (11)
Northern Powergrid53
 70
 (17) (24) 135
 168
 (33) (20)41
 53
 (12) (23) 125
 135
 (10) (7)
BHE Pipeline Group27
 30
 (3) (10) 148
 139
 9
 6
40
 27
 13
 48
 207
 148
 59
 40
BHE Transmission53
 68
 (15) (22) 113
 116
 (3) (3)53
 53
 
 
 109
 113
 (4) (4)
BHE Renewables71
 32
 39
 * 105
 44
 61
 *111
 71
 40
 56
 165
 105
 60
 57
HomeServices62
 55
 7
 13
 62
 56
 6
 11
77
 62
 15
 24
 67
 62
 5
 8
BHE and Other(90) (99) 9
 9
 (145) (136) (9) (7)(315) (90) (225) * (437) (145) (292) *
Total net income attributable to BHE shareholders$574
 $536
 $38
 7
 $1,130
 $1,026
 $104
 10
$372
 $574
 $(202) (35) $885
 $1,130
 $(245) (22)

*    Not meaningful



Net income attributable to BHE shareholders increased $38decreased $202 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 due to an after-tax unrealized loss on the following:investment in BYD Company Limited in 2018 totaling $283 million and the following factors:
PacifiCorp's net income increased $9 million primarily due to a decrease in income tax expense of $56 million from lower federal tax rates due to the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted on December 22, 2017 ("2017 Tax Reform") and lower depreciation and amortization of $5 million, partially offset by lower utility margins of $55 million. Utility margins decreased $1due to lower average retail rates, including $53 million of refund accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform, lower retail customer volumes of 1.2%, mainly from the unfavorable impact of weather and lower industrial usage, and higher purchased electricity costs, partially offset by higher wholesale revenue.
MidAmerican Funding's net income decreased $28 million primarily due primarily to higher depreciation and amortization of $9$67 million from increases for Iowa revenue sharing and additional plant placed in-service and higher operations andfossil-fueled generation maintenance expenses,of $13 million, partially offset by higher grosselectric utility margins of $14$44 million excludingand a higher income tax benefit of $6 million primarily from a lower federal tax rate due to the impact of demand side management amortization expense. Gross2017 Tax Reform, net of a $15 million reduction in recognized production tax credits. Electric utility margins increased due to higher recoveries through bill riders and higher retail customer volumes lower natural gas-fueled generation, higher wheeling revenueof 8.1% primarily from industrial growth and higher wholesale revenue,the favorable impact of weather, partially offset by lower average retail rates higher purchased electricity costsof $27 million predominantly from accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform and higher coal costs.
MidAmerican Funding's net income increased $4 million due primarily to higher electric gross margins of $32 million, excluding the impact of demand side management program costs, and higher recognized production tax credits of $5 million, partially offset by higher depreciation and amortization of $31 million, substantially from accruals for Iowa regulatory arrangements. Electric gross margins increased due to higher wholesale revenue, higher transmission revenue and higher retail customer volumes, partially offset by higher coal-fueled generation and purchased power costs.
NV Energy's net income increased $15decreased $14 million primarily due to a decrease in electric utility margins of $21 million, an increase in operations and maintenance expense of $17 million primarily due to higher electric gross marginspolitical activity expenses and an increase in depreciation and amortization of $20$8 million excludingas a result of the Nevada Power 2017 regulatory rate review, partially offset by a decrease in income tax expense of $33 million primarily from lower federal tax rates due to the impact of energy efficiency program costs, and lower interest expense of $6 million,2017 Tax Reform. Electric utility margins decreased due primarily to lower average retail rates, on outstanding debt balances. Electric gross margins increased dueincluding $22 million of rate impacts related to a refinement2017 Tax Reform, partially offset by higher retail customer volumes of 2.1%, mainly from the unbilled revenue estimate, customer growth and higher customer usage.favorable impact of weather.
Northern Powergrid's net income decreased $17$12 million primarily due to higher pension expense of $16 million, largely resulting from pension settlement losses recognized in 2018 due to higher lump sum payments, and higher distribution-related operating expenses and depreciation, partially offset by higher distribution revenue of $5 million and the strongerweaker United States dollar of $6 million, higher pension expense of $9 million and lower distribution revenue of $8$2 million. Distribution revenue decreasedincreased mainly due to lowerhigher tariff rates, and lower units distributed, partially offset by favorableunfavorable movements in regulatory provisions.
BHE Pipeline Group'sGroup’s net income decreased $3increased $13 million primarily due mainly to a decrease in income tax expense of $5 million from lower federal tax rates due to the impact of 2017 Tax Reform, higher operating expensestransportation revenues from higher volumes and rates and costs incurred in 2017 associated with the early redemption of the 4.893% Senior Notes at Kern River, partially offset by higher transportation revenue at Northern Natural Gas.operations and maintenance expense.
BHE Transmission's net income decreased $15 million from lowerwas unchanged as higher earnings at AltaLink of $10 million, due primarily to decreases in contingent liabilities in 2016, and at BHE U.S. Transmission of $5 million from lower equity earnings at Electric Transmission Texas, LLC due to the impacts of new rates effective in March 2017.
BHE Renewables' net income increased $39 million due primarily to higher generation at the Solar Star projects due to transformer related forced outages in 2016, favorable earnings from tax equity investments reaching commercial operation, additional wind and solar capacity placed in-service and a favorable change in the valuation of a power purchase agreement derivative.
HomeServices' net income increased $7 million due primarily to higher earnings from existing franchise businesses and acquired brokerage businesses.
BHE and Other net loss improved $9 million due primarily to higher federal income tax credits recognized on a consolidated basis and lower interest expense due to redemptions of junior subordinated debentures, partially offset by higher other operating costs.



Net income attributable to BHE shareholders increased $104 million for the first six months of 2017 compared to 2016 due to the following:
PacifiCorp's net income increased $13 million due primarily to higher gross margins of $41 million, excluding the impact of demand side management amortization expense, partially offset by higher depreciation and amortization of $15 million from additional plant placed in-service and higher property taxes of $3 million. Gross margins increased due to higher retail customer volumes, lower natural gas-fueled generation, higher wholesale revenue from higher volumes and short-term market prices, lower purchased electricity prices and higher wheeling revenue, partially offset by higher purchased electricity volumes, lower average retail rates and higher coal costs. Retail customer volumes increased 2.6% due to impacts of weather on residential customers in Oregon and Washington, higher industrial usage primarily in Utah and Idaho, higher commercial usage across the service territory and an increase in the average number of residential customers in Utah and Oregon and commercial customers in Utah, partiallyweaker United States dollar were offset by lower residential usage in Utah and Oregon.
MidAmerican Funding's net income increased $33 million due primarily to higher electric gross margins of $53 million, excluding the impact of demand side management program costs, and higher recognized production tax credits of $26 million, partially offset by higher depreciation and amortization of $38 million, due to accruals for Iowa regulatory arrangements and wind-powered generating facilities placed in-service in the second half of 2016, and higher operations and maintenance expenses. Electric gross margins increased due to higher wholesale revenue from higher sales prices and volumes, higher retail customer volumes, higher recoveries through bill riders and higher transmission revenue, partially offset by higher coal-fueled generation and purchased power costs. Retail customer volumes increased 2.0% due to industrial growth net of lower residential and commercial volumes due to milder temperatures.
NV Energy's net income increased $27 million due primarily to higher electric gross margins of $24 million, excluding the impact of energy efficiency program costs, and lower interest expense of $15 million, due primarily to lower rates on outstanding debt balances. Electric gross margins increased due to a refinement of the unbilled revenue estimate, customer growth and higher customer usage, due mainly to the impacts of weather.
Northern Powergrid's net income decreased $33 million due largely to the stronger United States dollar of $19 million, lower distribution revenue of $10 million and higher pension expense of $10 million. Distribution revenue decreased due to lower units distributed, the recovery in 2016 of the December 2013 customer rebate and unfavorable movements in regulatory provisions, partially offset by higher tariff rates.
BHE Pipeline Group’s net income increased $9 million due to a reduction in expenses and regulatory liabilities related to the impact of an alternative rate structure approved by the FERC at Kern River and higher transportation revenue at Northern Natural Gas, partially offset by higher operating expenses and costs associated with the early redemption of the 4.893% Senior Notes at Kern River.
BHE Transmission's net income decreased $3 millionearnings at BHE U.S. Transmission from lower equity earnings at Electric Transmission Texas, LLC due to the impacts of new rates effectivea regulatory rate order in March 2017. AltaLink's earnings were unchanged as the impacts of additional assets placed in-service were offset by decreases in contingent liabilities in 2016.
BHE Renewables' net income increased $61$40 million primarily due primarily to favorable earnings from additional tax equity investments, reaching commercial operation,additional wind and solar capacity placed in-service and higher generation and pricing at the solar and wind projects.
HomeServices' net income increased $15 million primarily due to net income of $24 million contributed from acquired businesses and a decrease in income tax expense from lower federal tax rates due to the impact of 2017 Tax Reform, partially offset by higher operating expenses and lower net revenues at existing businesses and higher interest expense from increased borrowings related to acquisitions.
BHE and Other net loss increased $225 million primarily due to the aforementioned after-tax unrealized loss on the investment in BYD Company Limited totaling $283 million and a lower income tax benefit of $12 million from 2017 Tax Reform, partially offset by higher federal income tax credits recognized on a consolidated basis, lower other operating costs and lower consolidated state income tax expense, including a reduction to the state provision for the repatriation tax.



Net income attributable to BHE shareholders decreased $245 million for the first six months of 2018 compared to 2017 due to an after-tax unrealized loss on the investment in BYD Company Limited in 2018 totaling $432 million and the following factors:
PacifiCorp's net income decreased $22 million primarily due to lower utility margins of $144 million, partially offset by a decrease in income tax expense of $116 million from lower federal tax rates due to the impact of 2017 Tax Reform and lower operations and maintenance expenses of $6 million. Utility margins decreased due to lower average retail rates, including $106 million of refund accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform, lower retail volumes of 2.3%, mainly from the unfavorable impact of weather and lower industrial usage, and higher purchased electricity costs, partially offset by higher wholesale revenue and lower coal costs.
MidAmerican Funding's net income decreased $27 million primarily due to higher depreciation and amortization of $108 million from increases for Iowa revenue sharing and additional plant in-service, higher fossil-fueled generation maintenance of $15 million, higher wind-powered generation maintenance of $11 million and increases in other operating expenses, partially offset by higher electric utility margins of $74 million, higher natural gas utility margins of $8 million and a higher income tax benefit of $29 million primarily from a lower federal tax rate due to the impact of 2017 Tax Reform, net of a $10 million reduction in recognized production tax credits. Electric utility margins increased due to higher recoveries through bill riders and higher retail customer volumes of 7.5% from the favorable impact of weather and industrial growth, partially offset by lower average rates of $53 million predominantly from accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform and higher generation and purchased power costs.
NV Energy's net income decreased $14 million primarily due to a decrease in electric utility margins of $22 million, an increase in depreciation and amortization of $17 million as a result of the Nevada Power 2017 regulatory rate review and an increase in operations and maintenance expense of $17 million primarily due to higher political activity expenses, partially offset by a decrease in income tax expense of $44 million primarily from lower federal tax rates due to the impact of 2017 Tax Reform. Electric utility margins decreased due to $22 million of rate impacts related to 2017 Tax Reform, partially offset by higher retail customer volumes of 1.3%, mainly from the favorable impact of weather.
Northern Powergrid's net income decreased $10 million primarily due to higher pension expense of $18 million, largely resulting from pension settlement losses recognized in 2018 due to higher lump sum payments and higher distribution-related operating expenses and depreciation, partially offset by the weaker United States dollar of $11 million and higher distribution revenue of $5 million. Distribution revenue increased mainly due to higher tariff rates and higher units distributed, partially offset by unfavorable movements in regulatory provisions.
BHE Pipeline Group’s net income increased $59 million primarily due to a decrease in income tax expense of $31 million from lower federal tax rates due to the impact of 2017 Tax Reform, higher transportation revenues from colder temperatures and other market opportunities and costs incurred in 2017 associated with the early redemption of the 4.893% Senior Notes at Kern River, partially offset by higher operations and maintenance expense.
BHE Transmission's net income decreased $4 million primarily due to lower earnings at BHE U.S. Transmission from lower equity earnings at Electric Transmission Texas, LLC due to the impacts of a regulatory rate order in March 2017, partially offset by higher earnings at AltaLink primarily due to a weaker United States dollar.
BHE Renewables' net income increased $60 million primarily due to favorable earnings from additional tax equity investments, additional wind and solar capacity placed in-service, higher generation and pricing at the Solar Starsolar, wind and geothermal projects, dueand a settlement received in 2018 related to transformer related forced outagesissues in 2016, favorable changes in the valuations of interest rate swap derivatives and higher production at the Casecnan project due to higher rainfall.2016.
HomeServices' net income increased $6$5 million primarily due primarily to net income of $26 million contributed from acquired businesses and a decrease in income tax expense from lower federal tax rates due to the impact of 2017 Tax Reform, partially offset by higher earningsoperating expenses and lower net revenues at existing franchise businesses.businesses and higher interest expense from increased borrowings related to acquisitions.
BHE and Other net loss increased $9$292 million primarily due primarily to the aforementioned after-tax unrealized loss on the investment in BYD Company Limited totaling $432 million and a lower income tax benefit of $29 million from 2017 Tax Reform, partially offset by lower consolidated state income tax expense, including a reduction to the state provision for the repatriation tax, higher federal income tax credits recognized on a consolidated basis, lower United States income tax on foreign earnings and higherlower other operating costs, partially offset by lower consolidated deferred state income tax expense due to changes in the tax status of certain subsidiaries and lower interest expense due to redemptions of junior subordinated debentures.

costs.



Reportable Segment Results

Operating revenue and operating income for the Company's reportable segments are summarized as follows (in millions):
Second Quarter First Six MonthsSecond Quarter First Six Months
2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
Operating revenue:                              
PacifiCorp$1,245
 $1,233
 $12
 1 % $2,526
 $2,485
 $41
 2 %$1,193
 $1,245
 $(52) (4)% $2,377
 $2,526
 $(149) (6)%
MidAmerican Funding659
 585
 74
 13
 1,355
 1,211
 144
 12
718
 659
 59
 9
 1,465
 1,355
 110
 8
NV Energy753
 707
 46
 7
 1,337
 1,322
 15
 1
750
 753
 (3) 
 1,367
 1,337
 30
 2
Northern Powergrid219
 249
 (30) (12) 464
 528
 (64) (12)246
 219
 27
 12
 524
 464
 60
 13
BHE Pipeline Group192
 188
 4
 2
 507
 503
 4
 1
236
 192
 44
 23
 612
 507
 105
 21
BHE Transmission158
 (18) 176
 * 324
 140
 184
 *177
 158
 19
 12
 357
 324
 33
 10
BHE Renewables220
 170
 50
 29
 364
 309
 55
 18
246
 220
 26
 12
 400
 364
 36
 10
HomeServices956
 841
 115
 14
 1,541
 1,332
 209
 16
1,273
 956
 317
 33
 2,034
 1,541
 493
 32
BHE and Other152
 166
 (14) (8) 302
 332
 (30) (9)154
 152
 2
 1
 297
 302
 (5) (2)
Total operating revenue$4,554
 $4,121
 $433
 11
 $8,720
 $8,162
 $558
 7
$4,993
 $4,554
 $439
 10
 $9,433
 $8,720
 $713
 8
 
Operating income:               
PacifiCorp$338
 $339
 $(1)  % $683
 $663
 $20
 3 %
MidAmerican Funding136
 140
 (4) (3) 243
 240
 3
 1
NV Energy191
 173
 18
 10
 289
 262
 27
 10
Northern Powergrid94
 125
 (31) (25) 227
 283
 (56) (20)
BHE Pipeline Group55
 60
 (5) (8) 263
 252
 11
 4
BHE Transmission73
 (122) 195
 * 150
 (46) 196
 *
BHE Renewables84
 52
 32
 62
 99
 76
 23
 30
HomeServices110
 93
 17
 18 112
 92
 20
 22
BHE and Other(32) (6) (26) * (46) (15) (31) *
Total operating income$1,049
 $854
 $195
 23
 $2,020
 $1,807
 $213
 12

*    Not meaningful
Operating income:               
PacifiCorp$284
 $333
 $(49) (15)% $531
 $672
 $(141) (21)%
MidAmerican Funding87
 131
 (44) (34) 166
 233
 (67) (29)
NV Energy144
 192
 (48) (25) 233
 290
 (57) (20)
Northern Powergrid111
 100
 11
 11
 258
 240
 18
 8
BHE Pipeline Group57
 54
 3
 6
 283
 262
 21
 8
BHE Transmission81
 73
 8
 11
 162
 150
 12
 8
BHE Renewables104
 84
 20
 24
 132
 99
 33
 33
HomeServices108
 110
 (2) (2) 100
 112
 (12) (11)
BHE and Other(4) (32) 28
 88 (22) (46) 24
 52
Total operating income$972
 $1,045
 $(73) (7) $1,843
 $2,012
 $(169) (8)

PacifiCorp

Operating revenue increased $12decreased $52 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 due to lower retail revenue of $67 million, partially offset by higher wholesale and other revenue of $15 million, partially offset by lower retail revenue of $3 million. Wholesale and other revenue increased due to higher wholesale volumes and short-term market prices and higher wheeling revenue. Retail revenue decreased $54 million due primarily to lower average rates, including $53 million of refund accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform, and $13 million from lower demand side management revenue (offset in operations and maintenance expenses), primarily driven by the establishment of the Utah Sustainable Transportation and Energy Plan program, partially offset by higher customer volumes. Retail customer volumes increased 2.4%decreased 1.2% due to higher commercial andlower industrial usage primarily in Utah and Washington, the impacts of weather on residential customers primarily in Oregon and Utah, lower residential usage across the entire service area and lower commercial usage primarily in Utah, partially offset by an increase in the average number of residentialcommercial and commercialresidential customers primarily in Utah and Oregon, higher industrial usage in Wyoming and higher irrigation usage primarily in Idaho and Utah. Wholesale and other revenue increased primarily due to higher wholesale sales volumes and market prices.

Operating income decreased by $1$49 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 mainly due to higherlower utility margins of $55 million, partially offset by lower depreciation and amortization of $9 million from additional plant placed in-service, partially offset by lower operations and maintenance expenses of $7 million and higher gross$5 million. Utility margins of $3 million. Operations and maintenance expenses decreased due to a decrease in demand side management amortization expense (offset inlower average retail revenue) of $11 million and lower pension expense, partially offset by higher injury and damage expenses, due primarily to a prior year accrual for insurance proceeds and current year settlements, and higher labor costs related to storm damage restoration. Gross margins were higher due to the increase in operating revenue and lower natural gas-fueled generation, partially offset byrates, higher purchased electricity costs from higher market prices and volumes and priceslower retail customer volumes, partially offset by higher wholesale revenue and higher coal costs.net deferrals of incurred net power costs in accordance with established adjustment mechanisms.



Operating revenue increased $41decreased $149 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 due to lower retail revenue of $178 million, partially offset by higher wholesale and other revenue of $27 million and higher retail revenue of $14$29 million. Wholesale and other revenue increased due primarily to higher wholesale volumes and short-term market prices and higher wheeling revenue. Retail revenue increaseddecreased $125 million due to higher customer volumes, partially offset by lower average rates, including $106 million of refund accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform, and $53 million from lower demand side management revenue (offset in operations and maintenance expenses), primarily driven by the establishment of the Utah Sustainable Transportation and Energy Plan program.volumes. Retail customer volumes increased 2.6%decreased 2.3% due to the impacts of weather on residential and commercial customers primarily in Oregon, Utah and Washington, higherlower industrial usage primarily in Utah, Oregon and Idaho, higherWashington, lower residential usage primarily in Wyoming, Washington and Oregon and lower commercial usage across the service territory andprimarily in Oregon, partially offset by an increase in the average number of commercial and residential customers primarily in Utah and Oregon, higher industrial usage in Wyoming and commercial customersIdaho and higher irrigation usage primarily in Utah,Idaho and Utah. Wholesale and other revenue increased primarily due to higher wholesale sales volumes, partially offset by lower residential usage in Utah and Oregon.wholesale market prices.

Operating income increased $20decreased $141 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to lower utility margins of $144 million, partially offset by lower operations and maintenance expensesexpense of $22 million$6 million. Utility margins decreased due to lower average retail rates, lower retail customer volumes and higher gross margins of $18 million,purchased electricity costs from higher market prices and volumes, partially offset by higher depreciationwholesale revenue, higher net deferrals of incurred net power costs and amortization of $15 million from additional plant placed in-service and higher property taxes of $3 million. Operations and maintenance expenses decreased due to a decrease in demand side management amortization expense (offset in retail revenue) of $23 million and lower pension expense, partially offset by higher injury and damage expenses, due primarily to a prior year accrual for insurance proceeds and current year settlements, and higher labor costs related to storm damage restoration. Gross margins were higher due to the increase in operating revenue, lower natural gas-fueled generation and lower purchased electricity prices, partially offset by higher purchased electricity volumes and higher coal costs.

MidAmerican Funding

Operating revenue increased $74$59 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 due to higher electric operating revenue of $56$52 million and higher natural gas operating revenue of $18$7 million. Electric operating revenue increased due to higher retail revenue of $62 million, partially offset by lower wholesale and other revenue of $46 million and higher retail revenue of $10 million. Electric wholesale and other revenue increased due to higher wholesale volumes of $22 million, higher wholesale prices of $16 million and higher transmission revenue of $6 million. Electric retail revenue increased $19 million from non-weather usage and rate factors, including higher industrial sales volumes, and $2$54 million from higher recoveries through bill riders (substantially offset in cost of sales, operating expense and income tax expense), partially offset by $11$21 million from the impact of milder temperaturesweather in 2017.2018 and $14 million from higher other usage factors, including higher industrial sales volumes, partially offset by lower average rates of $27 million predominantly from accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform. Electric retail customer volumes increased 2.5%8.1% primarily from industrial growth and the favorable impact of weather. Electric wholesale revenue decreased due to a 14.7% reduction in sales volumes, partially offset by the unfavorable impacthigher average per-unit prices of temperatures.$3 million. Natural gas operating revenue increased due to 38.5% higher retail sales volumes from cooler temperatures in 2018 and industrial growth, partially offset by a higherlower average per-unit costprice of gas sold of $18$14 million (offset in cost of sales). and other usage and rate factors, including the impact of accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform.

Operating income decreased $4$44 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to higher depreciation and amortization of $31$67 million, higher fossil-fueled generation maintenance of $13 million, higher wind-powered generation maintenance of $5 million and higher operations and maintenanceincreases in other operating expenses, of $11 million, partially offset by higher electric grossutility margins of $36$44 million, including the impact of an increase in electric DSM program revenue of $5 million (offset in operating expense) and higher natural gas grossutility margins of $3$2 million. Electric gross margins were higher due to the increase in operating revenue, partially offset by higher coal-fueled generation and higher purchased power costs. The increase in depreciation and amortization reflects higher accrualsincreases for Iowa regulatory arrangementsrevenue sharing of $51 million and $15 million related to wind generation and other plant placed in-service,in-service. Electric utility margins were higher due to higher recoveries through bill riders and higher retail customer volumes, partially offset by a reduction of $8 million from lower depreciationaverage rates implemented in December 2016. Operations and maintenance expenses increased due primarily to higher demand side management program costs (offset in retail revenue) of $5 million and higher maintenance costs related to additional wind turbines.generation and purchased power costs.

Operating revenue increased $144$110 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to higher electric operating revenue of $90$88 million and higher natural gas operating revenue of $54$20 million. Electric operating revenue increased due to higher retail revenue of $94 million, partially offset by lower wholesale and other revenue of $67 million and higher retail revenue of $23 million. Electric wholesale and other revenue increased due to higher wholesale volumes of $37 million, higher wholesale prices of $23 million and higher transmission revenue of $5$7 million. Electric retail revenue increased $28 million from non-weather usage and rate factors, including higher industrial sales volumes, and $9$87 million from higher recoveries through bill riders (substantially offset in cost of sales, operating expense and income tax expense), partially offset by $14$31 million from the impact of milder temperaturesweather in 2017.2018 and $29 million from higher other usage factors, including higher industrial sales volumes, partially offset by lower average rates of $53 million predominantly from accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform. Electric retail customer volumes increased 2.0%7.5% from the favorable impact of weather and industrial growth. Electric wholesale revenue decreased due to a 10.2% reduction in sales volumes, partially offset by higher average per-unit prices of $4 million. Natural gas operating revenue increased due to 24.7% higher retail sales volumes from the impact of weather in 2018 and industrial growth, partially offset by a lower average per-unit price of $27 million (offset in cost of sales) and other usage and rate factors, including the unfavorable impact of temperatures.accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform.

Operating income decreased $67 million for the first six months of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to higher depreciation and amortization of $108 million, higher fossil-fueled generation maintenance of $15 million, higher wind-powered generation maintenance of $11 million and increases in other operating expenses, partially offset by higher electric utility margins of $74 million, including the impact of an increase in electric DSM program revenue of $12 million (offset in operating expense), and higher natural gas utility margins of $8 million. The increase in depreciation and amortization reflects increases for Iowa revenue sharing of $79 million and $29 million related to wind generation and other plant placed in-service. Electric utility margins were higher due to higher recoveries through bill riders and higher retail customer volumes, partially offset by lower average rates and higher generation and purchased power costs. Natural gas utility margins increased due to higher retail sales volumes of 24.7% from colder temperatures, partially offset by lower average rates partially due to accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform.



NV Energy

Operating revenue decreased $3 million for the second quarter of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to lower electric operating revenue of $4 million. Electric operating revenue decreased due to lower electric retail revenue of $3 million and lower wholesale and other revenue of $1 million. Electric retail revenue decreased primarily due to the tax rate reduction rider of $22 million and lower rates from the Nevada Power 2017 regulatory rate review of $6 million, partially offset by higher energy rates (offset in cost of sales) of $18 million, higher residential volumes of $4 million, primarily due to the impacts of weather, and residential customer growth of $3 million. Electric retail customer volumes, including distribution only service customers, increased 2.1% compared to 2017.

Operating income decreased $48 million for the second quarter of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to a decrease in electric utility margins of $21 million, an increase in operations and maintenance expense of $17 million primarily due to higher political activity expenses and higher depreciation and amortization of $8 million as a result of the Nevada Power 2017 regulatory rate review. Electric utility margins decreased due to higher energy costs of $18 million and lower electric operating revenue of $4 million. Energy costs increased due to higher net deferred power costs of $53 million, partially offset by a lower average cost of fuel for generation of $24 million and lower purchased power costs of $12 million.

Operating revenue increased $30 million for the first six months of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to higher electric operating revenue of $21 million and higher natural gas operating revenue of $9 million. Electric operating revenue increased due to higher electric retail revenue of $25 million, partially offset by lower wholesale and other revenue of $4 million. Electric retail revenue increased primarily due to higher energy rates (offset in cost of sales) of $46 million and $9 million primarily from customer growth, partially offset by a decrease due to the tax rate reduction rider of $22 million and lower rates from the Nevada Power 2017 regulatory rate review of $8 million. Electric retail customer volumes, including distribution only service customers, increased 1.3% compared to 2017. Natural gas operating revenue increased due to a higher average per-unit cost of gas sold of $58 millionprice (offset in cost of sales) and 1.2% higher wholesale sales volumes,, partially offset by 6.3%2.3% lower retail sales volumes.



Operating income increased $3decreased $57 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 due to highera decrease in electric grossutility margins of $60$22 million, and higher natural gas gross margins of $2 million, partially offset by higher depreciation and amortization of $38$17 million higheras a result of the Nevada Power 2017 regulatory rate review and an increase in operations and maintenance expensesexpense of $17 million and higher property and other taxes of $4 million. Electric gross margins were higher due to the increase in operating revenue, partially offset by higher coal-fueled generation and higher purchased power costs. The increase in depreciation and amortization reflects higher accruals for Iowa regulatory arrangements and wind generation and other plant placed in-service, partially offset by a reduction of $17 million from lower depreciation rates implemented in December 2016. Operations and maintenance expenses increased due primarily to higher demand side management program costs (offset in retail revenue) of $9 million and higher maintenance costs related to additional wind turbines.

NV Energy

Operating revenue increased $46 million for the second quarter of 2017 compared to 2016 due to higher electric retail operating revenue. Retail revenue was higher due to $25 million from higher retail rates, primarily from energy costs that are passed on to customers through deferred energy adjustment mechanisms, $13 million from customer growth, $11 million from impact fees received due to industrial customers purchasing energy from alternative providers and becoming distribution only service customers, $10 million from a refinement of the unbilled revenue estimate and $7 million from customer usage, primarily from the impacts of weather, partially offset by $12 million from lower commercial and industrial revenue mainly from customers purchasing energy from alternative providers and becoming distribution only customers in 2016 and $7 million from lower energy efficiency rate revenue (offset in operating expenses).political activity expenses. Electric retail customer volumes, including distribution only service customers, increased 2.2% compared to 2016.

Operating income increased $18 million for the second quarter of 2017 compared to 2016 due to higher electric grossutility margins of $13 million and lower operating expenses of $5 million, due primarily to lower energy efficiency program costs (offset in electric operating revenue). Electric gross margins were higher due to the increase in electric operating revenue, partially offset bydecreased as higher energy costs of $34$43 million were offset by higher electric operating revenue of $21 million. Energy costs increased due to higher net deferred power costs of $106 million, partially offset by a higherlower average cost of fuel for generation of $29$55 million higherand lower purchased power costs of $3 million and higher net deferred power costs of $2 million.

Operating revenue increased $15 million for the first six months of 2017 compared to 2016 due to higher electric operating revenue of $28 million, partially offset by lower natural gas operating revenue of $14 million. Electric operating revenue increased due to higher retail revenue of $23 million and higher transmission revenue of $5 million. Retail revenue increased due to $15 million from higher retail rates primarily from energy costs that are passed on to customers through deferred energy adjustment mechanisms, $13 million from customer growth, $11 million from impact fees received due to industrial customers purchasing energy from alternative providers and becoming distribution only service customers, $10 million from a refinement of the unbilled revenue estimate and $7 million from customer usage, primarily from the impacts of weather, partially offset by $20 million from lower commercial and industrial revenue mainly from customers purchasing energy from alternative providers and becoming distribution only customers in 2016 and $13 million of lower energy efficiency rate revenue (offset in operating expenses). Electric retail customer volumes, including distribution only service customers, increased 1.4% compared to 2016. Natural gas operating revenue decreased due to lower energy rates, partially offset by higher customer usage.

Operating income increased $27 million for the first six months of 2017 compared to 2016 due to lower operating expenses of $15 million and higher electric gross margins of $11 million. Operating expenses decreased due primarily to lower energy efficiency program costs (offset in electric operating revenue). Electric gross margins were higher due to the increase in electric operating revenue, partially offset by higher energy costs of $18 million. Energy costs increased due to a higher average cost of fuel for generation of $63 million and higher purchased power costs of $5 million, partially offset by lower net deferred power costs of $50$8 million.

Northern Powergrid

Operating revenue decreased $30increased $27 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 due to the strongerweaker United States dollar of $27$15 million, higher smart meter revenue of $7 million and lowerhigher distribution revenue of $8$5 million. Distribution revenue increased mainly due to higher tariff rates of $11 million, partially offset by higher smart metering revenue of $6 million. Distribution revenue decreased due to lower tariff rates of $4 million and lower units distributed of $6 million, partially offset by favorableunfavorable movements in regulatory provisions of $2 million$4 million. Operating income decreased $31increased $11 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to the strongerweaker United States dollar of $11$7 million and the increase in operating revenue, partially offset by higher pension expense of $9 milliondistribution-related operating expenses and higher depreciation of $8 million fromexpense related to additional smart meter and distribution assets placed in-service.



Operating revenue decreased $64increased $60 million for the first six monthshalf of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to the strongerweaker United States dollar of $65$45 million, higher smart meter revenue of $13 million and lowerhigher distribution revenue of $10$5 million. Distribution revenue increased mainly due to higher tariff rates of $6 million and higher units distributed of $3 million, partially offset by higher smart metering revenue of $12 million. Distribution revenue decreased due to lower units distributed of $12 million, the recovery in 2016 of the December 2013 customer rebate of $11 million and unfavorable movements in regulatory provisions of $3$5 million. Operating income increased $18 million for the first half of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to the weaker United States dollar of $23 million and the increase in operating revenue, partially offset by higher tariff rates of $15 million. Operating income decreased $56 million for the first six months of 2017 compared to 2016 due to the stronger United States dollar of $32 million,distribution-related operating expenses and higher depreciation of $14 million fromexpense related to additional smart meter and distribution assets placed in service and higher pension expense of $10 million.in-service.

BHE Pipeline Group

Operating revenue increased $4$44 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 due to higher transportation revenues and higher gas sales of $13$37 million related to system balancing activities (largely offset in cost of sales) at Northern Natural Gas, partially offset by lowerand higher transportation revenues at Kern River.of $7 million. Operating income decreased $5increased $3 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due primarily to lowerthe increase in transportation revenues at Kern River and higher operating expenses,revenue, partially offset by lower depreciation expensehigher operations and higher transportation revenues at Northern Natural Gas.maintenance expenses.



Operating revenue increased $4$105 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 due to higher transportation revenues and higher gas sales of $17$61 million related to system balancing activities (largely offset in cost of sales) at Northern Natural Gas, partially offset by lowerand higher transportation revenues at Kern River.of $43 million. Operating income increased $11$21 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due primarily to a reduction in expenses and regulatory liabilities related to the impact of an alternative rate structure approved by FERC at Kern River, lower depreciation expense and higherincrease in transportation revenues at Northern Natural Gas,revenue, partially offset by lower transportation revenues at Kern Riverhigher operations and higher operatingmaintenance expenses.

BHE Transmission

Operating revenue increased $176$19 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 largely due primarily to a one-time reductionweaker United States dollar of $200$7 million from the 2015-2016 GTA decision received in May 2016 at AltaLink and $4$6 million from additional assets placed in service, partially offset by lower costs recovered in operating revenuein-service and the stronger United States dollarrecovery of $8 million.higher costs. Operating income increased $195$8 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due primarily to a weaker United States dollar of $3 million and the higher operating revenue from the 2015-2016 GTA decision that required AltaLink to refund $200 million to customers in 2016 through reduced monthly billings for the change from receiving cash during construction for the return on construction work-in-progress in rate base to recording allowance for borrowed and equity funds used during construction related to construction expenditures during the 2011 to 2014 time period. The refund was offset with higher capitalized interest and allowance for equity funds.additional assets placed in-service.

Operating revenue increased $184$33 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due primarily to a one-time reductionweaker United States dollar of $200$15 million from the 2015-2016 GTA decision received in May 2016 at AltaLink and $10$15 million from additional assets placed in service, partially offset by lower costs recovered in operating revenue.in-service and recovery of higher costs. Operating income increased $196$12 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due primarily to a weaker United States dollar of $7 million and the changes inhigher operating revenue.revenue from additional assets placed in-service.

BHE Renewables

Operating revenue increased $50$26 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 due to higher generation and favorable pricing of $13 million at the Solar Starwind, solar, and hydro projects of $20 million due to transformer related forced outages in 2016,and additional windsolar and solarwind capacity placed in-service of $15 million, a favorable change in the valuation of a power purchase agreement derivative of $12 million and higher geothermal generation of $4$10 million. Operating income increased $32$20 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to the increase in operating revenue, partially offset by higher operating expenseexpenses of $12$4 million, mainly due to the timing of maintenance costs at certain geothermal facilities, and higher depreciation and amortizationexpense of $7$3 million each due primarilyrelated to the additional windsolar and solarwind capacity placed in-service. Operating expense also increased from the scope and timing of maintenance at certain geothermal plants.

Operating revenue increased $55$36 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 due to overall higher generation and pricing of $26 million at the solar, wind and geothermal projects and additional wind and solar capacity placed in-service of $28 million, higher generation at the Solar Star projects of $25 million due to transformer related forced outages in 2016, higher production at the Casecnan project of $5 million due to higher rainfall and higher geothermal generation of $4$17 million, partially offset by lower generation atan unfavorable change in the Topaz projectvaluation of $7 million due to a scheduled maintenance outage.power purchase agreement of $5 million. Operating income increased $23$33 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 due to the increase in operating revenue and a decrease in property and other taxes of $3 million due to a property tax refund received in 2018, partially offset by higher operatingdepreciation expense of $22$6 million and higher depreciation and amortization of $12 million, each due primarilyrelated to the additional windsolar and solarwind capacity placed in-service. Operating expense also increased from the scope and timing of maintenance at certain geothermal plants. The change in depreciation and amortization reflects a reduction of $4 million from the extension of the useful life of certain wind-generating facilities from 25 years to 30 years effective January 2017.



HomeServices

Operating revenue increased $115$317 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 2016 due to a 6.0% increase in closed brokerage units and a 9.7% increase in average home sales prices. The increase in operating revenue was2017 due to an increase from existing businesses totaling $27 million and an increase in acquired businesses totaling $88 million. The increase in revenue from existing businesses is due to a 4.1% increase in average home sales prices.businesses. Operating income increased $17decreased $2 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to lower brokerage segment earnings at existing businesses, mainly due to higher operating expenses and lower net revenues, and lower franchise segment earnings, from existing franchise businesses,largely due mainly to a favorable settlement and a gain on the collection of notes receivables andin 2017, partially offset by higher earnings from acquired brokerage businesses.

Operating revenue increased $209$493 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 2016 due to an 8.2% increase in closed brokerage units and a 7.3% increase in average home sales prices. The increase in operating revenue was2017 due to an increase from existing businesses totaling $68 million and an increase in acquired businesses totaling $141 million. The increase in revenue from existing businesses is due to a 1.2% increase in closed brokerage units and a 2.5% increase in average home sales prices.businesses. Operating income increased $20decreased $12 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due primarilyto lower brokerage segment earnings at existing businesses, mainly due to higher operating expenses and lower net revenues, and lower franchise segment earnings, from existing franchise businesses,largely due mainly to a favorable settlement and a gain on the collection of notes receivable.receivables in 2017, partially offset by higher earnings from acquired businesses.

BHE and Other

Operating revenue decreased $14loss improved $28 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 due to lower electricity volumes and rates, partially offset by higher natural gas volumes and rates, at MidAmerican Energy Services, LLC. Operating loss increased $26 million for the second quarter of 2017 compared to 2016 due to higher other operating costs and lower margins of $4 millionhigher net revenues at MidAmerican Energy Services, LLC.

Operating revenue decreased $30$5 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 due to lower electricity volumes and rates, partially offset by higher natural gas rates at MidAmerican Energy Services, LLC. Operating loss increased $31improved $24 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 due to higherlower other operating costs.costs and higher net revenues at MidAmerican Energy Services, LLC.



Consolidated Other Income and Expense Items

Interest Expenseexpense

Interest expense is summarized as follows (in millions):
Second Quarter First Six MonthsSecond Quarter First Six Months
2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
                              
Subsidiary debt$345
 $347
 $(2) (1)% $691
 $697
 $(6) (1)%$355
 $345
 $10
 3 % $715
 $691
 $24
 3 %
BHE senior debt and other106
 103
 3
 3
 211
 204
 7
 3
104
 106
 (2) (2) 209
 211
 (2) (1)
BHE junior subordinated debentures6
 18
 (12) (67) 13
 40
 (27) (68)2
 6
 (4) 
 3
 13
 (10) (77)
Total interest expense$457
 $468
 $(11) (2) $915
 $941
 $(26) (3)$461
 $457
 $4
 1
 $927
 $915
 $12
 1

Interest expense decreased $11increased $4 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 and $26$12 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 due to repayments of BHE junior subordinated debentures of $550 million in 2017 and $2.0 billion in 2016, scheduled maturities and principal payments, early redemptions and the impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements of $7$4 million in the second quarter and $9$10 million in the first six months and debt issuances at BHE, MidAmerican Funding, BHE Renewables and HomeServices, partially offset by debt issuances at MidAmerican Funding, AltaLinkrepayments of BHE junior subordinated debentures of $944 million in 2017, scheduled maturities and BHE Renewables.principal payments and early redemptions of subsidiary debt.

Capitalized Interestinterest

Capitalized interest decreased $93increased $5 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 and $94$7 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 2017 primarily due primarily to $96higher construction work-in-progress balances at MidAmerican Energy and BHE Renewables.

Allowance for equity funds

Allowance for equity funds increased $6 million recorded infor the second quarter of 2016 from2018 compared to 2017 and $10 million for the 2015-2016 GTA decision received in May 2016 at AltaLink, which was offset in operating revenue, partially offset byfirst six months of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to higher construction work-in-progress balances at MidAmerican Energy.


Interest and dividend income

AllowanceInterest and dividend income increased $5 million for Equity Fundsthe second quarter and first six months of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to the timing of dividends from the Company's investment in BYD Company Limited.

Allowance for equity funds decreased $97(Losses) gains on marketable securities, net

(Losses) gains on marketable securities, net increased $389 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 and $95$601 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due primarily to $104an unrealized loss in 2018 on the Company's investment in BYD Company Limited totaling $391 million recorded in the second quarter of 2016 fromand $598 million in the 2015-2016 GTA decision received in May 2016 at AltaLink, which was offset in operating revenue, partially offset by higher construction work-in-progress balances at MidAmerican Energy.first six months.

Other, net

Other, net decreased $4increased $2 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to costs incurred in 2017 associated with the early redemption of subsidiary long-term debt in 2017.

Other, net increased $11 million for the first six months of 2017 compared to 2016 mainly due to higher investment returns and favorable changes in the valuations of interest rate swap derivatives of $8$3 million, partially offset by higher pension expense, largely resulting from pension settlement losses recognized in 2018 at Northern Powergrid due to higher lump sum payments.

Other, net increased $6 million for the first six months of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to a $7 million settlement received in 2018 related to transformer related outages at the Solar Star projects in 2016, costs incurred in 2017 associated with the early redemption of subsidiary long-term debt and favorable changes in 2017.the valuations of interest rate swap derivatives of $7 million, partially offset by higher pension expense, largely resulting from pension settlement losses recognized in 2018 at Northern Powergrid due to higher lump sum payments, and lower investment returns.



Income Tax Expensetax (benefit) expense

Income tax expense decreased $38$251 million, including a $108 million benefit related to an unrealized loss on the Company's investment in BYD Company Limited, for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 and the effective tax rate was (86)% for 2018 and 13% for 2017 and 19% for 2016.2017. The effective tax rate decreased primarily due to the reduction in the United States federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018, higher production tax credits recognized of $43$33 million, partially offset by unfavorablelower consolidated state income tax expense, including a reduction to the state provision for the repatriation tax, and the favorable impacts of rate making of $11 million.making.

Income tax expense decreased $60$524 million, including a $166 million benefit related to an unrealized loss on the Company's investment in BYD Company Limited, for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 and the effective tax rate was (81)% for 2018 and 11% for 2017 and 17% for 2016.2017. The effective tax rate decreased primarily due to the reduction in the United States federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018, lower consolidated state income tax expense, including a reduction to the state provision for the repatriation tax, higher production tax credits recognized of $62 million, and lower consolidated deferred stateUnited States income tax expense due to changes inon foreign earnings and the tax statusfavorable impacts of certain subsidiaries, partially offset by higher income tax expense on higher pre-tax income.rate making.

Production tax credits are recognized in earnings for interim periods based on the application of an estimated annual effective tax rate to pretax earnings. Federal renewable electricity production tax credits are earned as energy from qualifying wind-powered generating facilities is produced and sold based on a per-kilowatt rate pursuant to the applicable federal income tax law and are eligible for the credit for 10 years from the date the qualifying generating facilities are placed in-service. Production tax credits recognized in 20172018 were $203$265 million, or $62 million higher than 2016,2017, while production tax credits earned in 20172018 were $270$304 million, or $75$34 million higher than 2016.2017. The difference between production tax credits recognized and earned of $67$39 million as of June 30, 2017,2018, primarily at MidAmerican Energy, will be reflected in earnings over the remainder of 2017.2018.

Equity Incomeincome

Equity income decreased $8$12 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 and $10$24 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to lower equity earnings at Electric Transmission Texas, LLC due primarily to the impacts of new retail rates effective in March 2017 and lower pre-tax equity earnings from tax equity investments at BHE Renewables.

Net Income Attributableincome attributable to Noncontrolling Interestsnoncontrolling interests

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests increased $4decreased $7 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 and $6$9 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to higher earningsthe April 2018 purchase of a redeemable noncontrolling interest at HomeServices' franchise business.HomeServices.





Liquidity and Capital Resources

Each of BHE's direct and indirect subsidiaries is organized as a legal entity separate and apart from BHE and its other subsidiaries. It should not be assumed that the assets of any subsidiary will be available to satisfy BHE's obligations or the obligations of its other subsidiaries. However, unrestricted cash or other assets that are available for distribution may, subject to applicable law, regulatory commitments and the terms of financing and ring-fencing arrangements for such parties, be advanced, loaned, paid as dividends or otherwise distributed or contributed to BHE or affiliates thereof. The Company's long-term debt may include provisions that allow BHE or its subsidiaries to redeem such debt in whole or in part at any time. These provisions generally include make-whole premiums. Refer to Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162017 for further discussion regarding the limitation of distributions from BHE's subsidiaries.

As of June 30, 20172018, the Company's total net liquidity was as follows (in millions):
    MidAmerican NV Northern          MidAmerican NV Northern      
BHE PacifiCorp Funding Energy Powergrid AltaLink Other TotalBHE PacifiCorp Funding Energy Powergrid AltaLink Other Total
                              
Cash and cash equivalents$6
 $167
 $371
 $15
 $38
 $9
 $221
 $827
$11
 $22
 $370
 $490
 $24
 $53
 $254
 $1,224
                              
Credit facilities(1)3,000
 1,000
 909
 650
 195
 1,022
 965
 7,741
3,500
 1,200
 909
 650
 198
 1,009
 1,635
 9,101
Less:                              
Short-term debt(1,745) 
 
 
 
 (283) (467) (2,495)(1,721) (108) 
 
 
 (375) (1,220) (3,424)
Tax-exempt bond support and letters of credit(7) (92) (220) (80) 
 (8) 
 (407)
 (89) (370) (80) 
 (5) 
 (544)
Net credit facilities1,248
 908
 689
 570
 195
 731
 498
 4,839
1,779
 1,003
 539
 570
 198
 629
 415
 5,133
                              
Total net liquidity$1,254
 $1,075
 $1,060
 $585
 $233
 $740
 $719
 $5,666
$1,790
 $1,025
 $909
 $1,060
 $222
 $682
 $669
 $6,357
Credit facilities:                              
Maturity dates(1)2018, 2020
 2020
 2018, 2020
 2020
 2020
 2017, 2018, 2021
 2017, 2018
  2021
 2021
 2019, 2021
 2021
 2020
 2018, 2022
 2018,
2019, 2022

  

(1)
Refer to Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for further discussion regarding the Company's recent financing transactions.

Operating Activities

Net cash flows from operating activities for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 were $2.4$2.8 billion and $2.8$2.4 billion, respectively. The decreasechange was primarily due primarily to a changechanges in income tax paymentscash flows.

The timing of the Company's income tax cash flows from period to period can be significantly affected by the estimated federal income tax payment methods and higherassumptions used for each payment date.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted on December 22, 2017 ("2017 Tax Reform") reduced the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, created a one-time repatriation tax of foreign earnings and profits expected to be paid over eight years, eliminated bonus depreciation on qualifying regulated utility assets acquired after September 27, 2017 and extended and modified the additional first-year bonus depreciation for non-regulated property. BHE's regulated subsidiaries anticipate passing the benefits of lower tax expense to customers through regulatory mechanisms including lower current rates and reductions to rate base. 2017 Tax Reform and the related regulatory outcomes will result in lower revenue, income tax and cash payments for interest, partially offsetflow in 2018 and future years. BHE does not expect 2017 Tax Reform and related regulatory treatment to have a material adverse impact on its cash flows, subject to actual regulatory outcomes, which will be determined based on rulings by improved operating results and other changesregulatory commissions expected in working capital.2018.



In December 2015, the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015 ("PATH") was signed into law, extending bonus depreciation for qualifying property acquired and placed in-service before January 1, 2020 (bonus depreciation rates will bewere set at 50% in 2015-2017, 40% in 2018, and 30% in 2019), with an additional year for certain longer lived assets. Production tax credits were extended and phased-out for wind power and other forms of non-solar renewable energy projects that begin construction before the end of 2019. Production tax credits are maintained at full value through 2016, at 80% of valuethe published rate in 2017, at 60% of valuethe published rate in 2018, and 40% of valuethe published rate in 2019. Investment tax credits were extended and phased-down for solar projects that are under construction before the end of 2021 (investment tax credit rates are 30% through 2019, 26% in 2020 and 22% in 2021; they revert to the statutory rate of 10% thereafter). As a result of PATH, theThe Company's cash flows from operations are expected to benefit from PATH due to bonus depreciation on qualifying assets placed in-service through 2019 and from 2017 Tax Reform for non-regulated property through 2026, production tax credits through 2029 and investment tax credits earned on qualifying wind and solar projects through 2021, respectively.

As a result of 2017 Tax Reform, bonus depreciation on qualifying assets acquired after September 27, 2017 is eliminated for regulated utility property and is extended and modified for non-regulated property. The timing of the Company's income tax cash flows from periodCompany believes property acquired on or before September 27, 2017 will remain subject to period can be significantly affected by the estimated federal income tax payment methods and assumptions used for each payment date.


PATH.

Investing Activities

Net cash flows from investing activities for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 were $(2.437)$(3.0) billion and $(2.455)$(2.5) billion, respectively. The change was primarily due primarily to lowerhigher capital expenditures of $290$966 million, and lower funding of tax equity investments, partially offset by higherlower cash paid for acquisitions.acquisitions, net of cash acquired, of $481 million. Refer to "Future Uses of Cash" for further discussion of capital expenditures.

Acquisitions

The Company completed various acquisitions totaling $107 million, net of cash acquired, for the six-month period ended June 30, 2018. The purchase price for each acquisition was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which primarily related to residential real estate brokerage businesses. There were no other material assets acquired or liabilities assumed.

The Company completed various acquisitions totaling $588 million, net of cash acquired, for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017. The purchase price for each acquisition was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which primarily related to development and construction costs for the 110-megawatt Alamo 6 solar-powered generation project, the remaining 25% interest in the Silverhawk natural gas-fueled generation facility at Nevada Power and a residential real estate brokerage business. There were no other material assets acquired or liabilities assumed.

Financing Activities

Net cash flows from financing activities for the six-month period ended June 30, 2018 was $465 million. Sources of cash totaled $3.5 billion and consisted of proceeds from BHE senior debt issuances totaling $2.2 billion and proceeds from subsidiary debt issuances totaling $1.3 billion. Uses of cash totaled $2.9 billion and consisted mainly of repayments of subsidiary debt totaling $1.1 billion, net repayments of short-term debt totaling $1.0 billion, repayments of BHE senior debt of $650 million and the purchase of redeemable noncontrolling interest of $131 million.

For a discussion of recent financing transactions, refer to Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Net cash flows from financing activities for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017 was $112 million. Sources of cash totaled $1.8 billion and consisted of $1.2 billion of proceeds from subsidiary debt issuances and $617 million of net proceeds from short-term debt. Uses of cash totaled $1.7 billion and consisted mainly of repayments of BHE senior debt and junior subordinated debentures totalingof $950 million and repayments of subsidiary debt totaling $668 million.

For a discussion of recent financing transactions, refer to Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Net cash flows from financing activities for the six-month period ended June 30, 2016 was $(642) million. Uses of cash totaled $2.6 billion and consisted mainly of repayments of subsidiary debt totaling $1.5 billion and repayments of BHE junior subordinated debentures of $1.0 billion. Sources of cash totaled $1.9 billion and consisted of $1.5 billion of proceeds from subsidiary debt issuances and $465 million net proceeds from short-term debt.

The Company may from time to time seek to acquire its outstanding debt securities through cash purchases in the open market, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Any debt securities repurchased by the Company may be reissued or resold by the Company from time to time and will depend on prevailing market conditions, the Company's liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.



Future Uses of Cash

The Company has available a variety of sources of liquidity and capital resources, both internal and external, including net cash flows from operating activities, public and private debt offerings, the issuance of commercial paper, the use of unsecured revolving credit facilities, the issuance of equity and other sources. These sources are expected to provide funds required for current operations, capital expenditures, acquisitions, investments, debt retirements and other capital requirements. The availability and terms under which BHE and each subsidiary has access to external financing depends on a variety of factors, including its credit ratings, investors' judgment of risk and conditions in the overall capital markets, including the condition of the utility industry and project finance markets, among other items.

Capital Expenditures

The Company has significant future capital requirements. Capital expenditure needs are reviewed regularly by management and may change significantly as a result of these reviews, which may consider, among other factors, impacts to customers' rates; changes in environmental and other rules and regulations; impacts to customers' rates; outcomes of regulatory proceedings; changes in income tax laws; general business conditions; load projections; system reliability standards; the cost and efficiency of construction labor, equipment and materials; commodity prices; and the cost and availability of capital. Expenditures for certain assets may ultimately include acquisitions of existing assets.



The Company's historical and forecast capital expenditures, each of which exclude amounts for non-cash equity AFUDC and other non-cash items, are as follows (in millions):
Six-Month Periods AnnualSix-Month Periods Annual
Ended June 30, ForecastEnded June 30, Forecast
2016 2017 20172017 2018 2018
Capital expenditures by business:          
PacifiCorp$415
 $370
 $825
$370
 $499
 $1,198
MidAmerican Funding506
 546
 1,893
546
 818
 2,468
NV Energy274
 226
 439
226
 229
 565
Northern Powergrid307
 288
 591
288
 313
 654
BHE Pipeline Group74
 83
 362
83
 118
 457
BHE Transmission272
 146
 340
146
 150
 265
BHE Renewables242
 137
 310
137
 624
 866
HomeServices8
 11
 32
11
 25
 47
BHE and Other5
��6
 22
6
 3
 16
Total$2,103
 $1,813
 $4,814
$1,813
 $2,779
 $6,536

Capital expenditures by type:          
Wind generation$370
 $234
 $1,343
$234
 $1,094
 $2,610
Solar generation9
 52
 127
Electric transmission234
 190
 353
190
 56
 196
Environmental31
 35
 132
Other growth198
 256
 567
308
 319
 792
Operating1,261
 1,046
 2,292
1,081
 1,310
 2,938
Total$2,103
 $1,813
 $4,814
$1,813
 $2,779
 $6,536



The Company's historical and forecast capital expenditures consisted mainly of the following:
Wind generation includes the following:
Construction of wind-powered generating facilities at MidAmerican Energy totaling $129$313 million and $172$129 million for the six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively. MidAmerican Energy anticipates costs for wind-powered generating facilities will total an additional $632$865 million for 2017.2018. In August 2016, the IUB issued an order approving ratemaking principles related to MidAmerican Energy's construction of up to 2,000 MW (nominal ratings) of wind-powered generating facilities expected to be placed in-service in 2017 through 2019.2019, including 334 MW (nominal ratings) placed in-service in 2017. The ratemaking principles establish a cost cap of $3.6 billion, including AFUDC, and a fixed rate of return on equity of 11.0% over the proposed 40-year useful lives of those facilities in any future Iowa rate proceeding. The cost cap ensures that as long as total costs are below the cap, the investment will be deemed prudent in any future Iowa rate proceeding. Additionally, the ratemaking principles modify the revenue sharing mechanism currently in effect.effect prior to 2018. The revised sharing mechanism, will bewhich was effective inJanuary 1, 2018, and will be triggered each year by actual equity returns if they are above theexceeding a weighted average return on equity for MidAmerican Energy calculated annually. Pursuant to the change in revenue sharing, MidAmerican Energy will share 100% of the revenue in excess of this trigger with customers. Such revenue sharing will reduce coal and nuclear generation rate base, which is intended to mitigate future base rate increases. EachMidAmerican Energy expects all of these projects is expectedwind-powered generating facilities to qualify for 100% of production tax credits currently available.
Construction of wind-powered generating facilities at PacifiCorp totaling $2 million for each of the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. PacifiCorp anticipate costs for these activities will total an additional $63 million for 2018.The new wind-powered generating facilities are expected to be placed in-service in 2020. The energy production from the new wind-powered generating facilities is expected to qualify for 100% of the federal production tax credits available for ten years once the equipment is placed in-service.
Repowering certain existing wind-powered generating facilities at PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy totaling $194 million and the construction of new wind-powered generating facilities at PacifiCorp totaling $90$87 million for the six-month periodperiods ended June 30, 2017.2018 and 2017, respectively. PacifiCorp and MidAmerican Energy anticipate costs for these activities will total an additional $404$438 million for 2017. The repowering projects entail the replacement of significant components of older turbines.2018. The energy production from thesuch repowered and the new facilities is expected to qualify for 100% of the federal renewable electricity production tax credits available for ten years once the equipment is placed in-service.following each facility's return to service.


Construction of wind-powered generating facilities at BHE Renewables totaling $18$584 million and $198$18 million for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, respectively. In April, BHE Renewables completed the asset acquisition of 300 MW of wind-powered generating facilities in Texas totaling $495 million. BHE Renewables anticipates costs for wind-powered generating facilities will total an additional $70$152 million in 20172018 for development and $258 million in 2018. BHE Renewables is developing and constructingconstruction of up to 212 MW of wind-powered generating facilities in the state of Illinois.facilities.
Solar generation includes the construction of the community solar gardens project in Minnesota at BHE Renewables totaling $50 million for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017. BHE Renewables anticipates costs for the community solar gardens project will total an additional $73 million in 2017 and $18 million in 2018.
Electric transmission includes PacifiCorp's costs associated with main grid reinforcement and the Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Program, MidAmerican Energy's Multi-Value Projects approved by the Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc. for the construction of approximately 250 miles of 345 kV transmission line located in Iowa and Illinois and AltaLink's directly assigned projects from the AESO.
EnvironmentalOther growth includes the installation of new or the replacement of existing emissions control equipment at certain generating facilities at the Utilities, including installation or upgrade of selective catalytic reduction control systems and low nitrogen oxide burners to reduce nitrogen oxides, particulate matter control systems, sulfur dioxide emissions control systems and mercury emissions control systems, as well as expendituresinvestments in solar generation for the managementconstruction of coal combustion residuals.
Other growth includesthe community solar gardens project in Minnesota comprised of 28 locations with a nominal facilities capacity of 98 MW, projects to deliver power and services to new markets, new customer connections and enhancements to existing customer connections.
Operating includes ongoing distribution systems infrastructure needed at the Utilities and Northern Powergrid, and investments in routine expenditures for generation, transmission, distribution and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand.demand and environmental spending relating to emissions control equipment and the management of coal combustion residuals.

Oncor Electric Delivery Company LLC Acquisition

On July 7, 2017, BHE and certain subsidiaries entered intoIn May 2018, MidAmerican Energy filed with the IUB an agreement and plan of merger (the "Merger Agreement") with Energy Future Holdings Corp. (“EFH Corp.”) and Energy Future Intermediate Holding Company LLC whereby BHE will become the indirect owner of 80.03% of Oncor Electric Delivery Company LLC ("Oncor").

Pursuantapplication for ratemaking principles related to the Merger Agreement,construction of up to 591 MW (nominal ratings) of additional wind-powered generating facilities expected to be placed in-service by the consideration funded by BHE forend of 2020. The filing, which is subject to IUB approval, establishes a cost cap of $922 million, including AFUDC, and a fixed rate of return on equity of 11.25% over the acquisitionproposed 40-year useful lives of EFH Corp.those facilities in any future Iowa rate proceeding. The cost cap ensures that as long as total costs are below the cap, the investment will be $9.0 billion, which implies an equity valuedeemed prudent in any future Iowa rate proceeding. Additionally, the proposed ratemaking principles maintain the revenue sharing mechanism currently in effect. MidAmerican Energy expects all of approximately $11.25 billionthese wind-powered generating facilities to qualify for 100% of Oncor. The consideration is expected to be paid in cash, subject to certain terms and conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement. BHE’s primary shareholder has committed to provide the capital to fund the entire purchase price and BHE will fund the $9.0 billion purchase price by issuing common equity to its existing shareholders. Subject to numerous closing conditions, closing of the Merger Agreement is expected in the fourth quarter of 2017. BHE intends to acquire the remaining 19.97% minority interest positions in Oncor through transactions separate from the Merger Agreement.

Other Acquisitions

The Company completed various acquisitions totaling $588 million for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017. The purchase price for each acquisition was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which related primarily to development and construction costs for the 110-megawatt Alamo 6 solar project, the remaining 25% interest in the Silverhawk natural gas-fueled generation facility at Nevada Power and residential real estate brokerage businesses. There were no other material assets acquired or liabilities assumed.

Integrated Resource Plan

In April 2017, PacifiCorp filed its 2017 Integrated Resource Plan ("IRP") with its state commissions. The IRP includes investments in renewable energy resources, upgrades to the existing wind fleet, and energy efficiency measures to meet future customer needs. Implementation of wind upgrades, new transmission, and new wind renewable resources will require an estimated $3.5 billion in capital investment from 2017 through 2020. PacifiCorp's forecast capital expenditures for 2018 through 2019 increased $723 million from the forecast included in BHE's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K as a result of its 2017 IRP.production tax credits available.



Other Renewable Investments

The Company has invested in projects sponsored by third parties, commonly referred to as tax equity investments. Under the terms of these tax equity investments, the Company has entered into equity capital contribution agreements with the project sponsors that require contributions. The Company has made contributions of $403 million, $584 million and $170 million in 2015, $584 million in2017, 2016 and $852015, respectively. Additionally, the Company has made contributions of $164 million through June 30, 2017,2018, and expectshas commitments as of June 30, 2018, subject to contribute $317satisfaction of certain specified conditions, to provide equity contributions of $630 million for the remainder of 20172018 and $83$204 million in 20182019 pursuant to these equity capital contribution agreements as the various projects achieve commercial operation. Once a project achieves commercial operation, the Company enters into a partnership agreement with the project sponsor that directs and allocates the operating profits and tax benefits from the project.

Contractual Obligations

As of June 30, 20172018, there have been no material changes outside the normal course of business in contractual obligations from the information provided in Item 7 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162017 other than the recent financing transactions and the renewable tax equity investments previously discussed.

Quad Cities Generating Station Operating Status

Exelon Generation Company, LLC ("Exelon Generation"), the operator of Quad Cities Generating Station Units 1 and 2 ("Quad Cities Station") of which MidAmerican Energy has a 25% ownership interest, announced on June 2, 2016, its intention to shut down Quad Cities Station on June 1, 2018, as a result of Illinois not passing adequate legislation and Quad Cities Station not clearing the 2019-2020 PJM Interconnection, L.L.C. capacity auction. MidAmerican Energy expressed to Exelon Generation its desire for the continued operation of the facility through the end of its operating license in 2032 and worked with Exelon Generation on solutions to that end. In December 2016, Illinois passed legislation creating a zero emission standard, which went into effect June 1, 2017. The zero emission standard requires the Illinois Power Agency to purchase zero emission credits ("ZECs") and recover the costs from certain ratepayers in Illinois, subject to certain limitations. The proceeds from the zero emission credits will provide Exelon Generation additional revenue through 2027 as an incentive for continued operation of Quad Cities Station. For the nuclear assets already in rate base, MidAmerican Energy's customers will not be charged for the subsidy, and MidAmerican Energy will not receive additional revenue from the subsidy.

On February 14, 2017, two lawsuits were filed with the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois ("Northern District of Illinois") against the Illinois Power Agency alleging that the state’sstate's zero emission credit program violates certain provisions of the U.S. Constitution. Both complaints argue that the Illinois zero emission credit program will distort the FERC’sFERC's energy and capacity market auction system of setting wholesale prices. As majority owner and operator of Quad Cities Station, Exelon Generation intervened in both suits and filed motions to dismiss in both matters. On July 14, 2017, the Northern District of Illinois granted the motions to dismiss. On July 17, 2017, the plaintiffs filed appeals with the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. Parties have filed briefs and presented oral argument. On May 29, 2018, The U.S. Department of Justice and FERC filed an amicus brief concluding federal rules do not preempt Illinois' ZEC program. Additional briefing and a request to consider a recent potentially applicable FERC decision was submitted after the amicus brief was filed. MidAmerican Energy cannot predict the outcome of these lawsuits.

On January 9, 2017, the Electric Power Supply Association filed two requests with the FERC seeking to expand Minimum Offer Price Offer Rule ("MOPR") provisions to apply to existing resources receiving zero emission credit compensation. If successful, an expanded MOPR could result in an increased risk of Quad Cities Station not clearing in future capacity auctions and Exelon Generation no longer receiving capacity revenues for the facility. As majority owner and operator of Quad Cities Station, Exelon Generation has filed protests at the FERC in response to each filing. The timing of the FERC’sFERC's decision with respect to both proceedings is currently unknown and the outcome of these matters is currently uncertain.




Regulatory Matters

BHE's regulated subsidiaries and certain affiliates are subject to comprehensive regulation. The discussion below contains material developments to those matters disclosed in Item 1 of each Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162017, and new regulatory matters occurring in 2017.2018.

PacifiCorp

In June 2017, PacifiCorp filed two applications each with the UPSC, IPUC and the WPSC for the Energy Vision 2020 project. The first application seekssought approvals to construct or procure four new Wyoming wind resources with a total capacity of 860 megawattsMWs identified as benchmark resources and certain transmission facilities. PacifiCorp estimates thatA request for proposals was issued in September 2017 seeking up to 1,270 MWs to compete against PacifiCorp's benchmark resources in the final resource selection process for the project. The combined new wind and transmission projects will cost approximately $2 billion. The UPSC has setWPSC approved a procedural schedule with hearings to occur in March 2018,settlement agreement and schedules in Idaho and Wyoming will be set after the expirationcertificates of public notice periodsconvenience and necessity for the transmission facilities and three of the winning wind resources in August 2017.a bench decision in April 2018. The settlement supports 950 MWs of owned wind resources and the 200 MW purchase power agreement. Hearings were held by the UPSC and IPUC in May 2018. The UPSC approved the application in an order issued in June 2018. The order grants approval of the 1,150 MWs of new wind and transmission facilities up to the projected costs. PacifiCorp can seek recovery of any actual costs in excess of the estimates in a general rate case. The IPUC approved a partial settlement agreement in an order issued in July 2018. The settlement provides cost recovery through a tracking mechanism. The IPUC order caps cost recovery at the overall estimated costs for the new wind and transmission facilities. The second application seekssought approval of PacifiCorp's resource decision to upgrade or “repower”"repower" existing wind resources, as prudent and in the public interest. PacifiCorp estimates that the wind repowering project will cost approximately $1.13$1 billion. The UPSC has set a procedural schedule with hearings to occurApplications filed in November 2017 with requested approval in December 2017. Schedules inUtah, Idaho and Wyoming will also be set after the expiration of public notice periods in August 2017. Both applications seek approval for the proposed ratemakingrate-making treatment associated with the projects.projects, including recovery of the replaced equipment. In December 2017, the IPUC approved an all-party stipulation for approval of the application to repower existing wind facilities and allow recovery of costs in rates through an adjustment to the annual ECAM filing. In May 2018, the UPSC approved the application for repowering, up to the estimated costs, with the exception of the Leaning Juniper project, for which the commission expressed concern with the economics. If PacifiCorp chooses to proceed with this project, the project will be subject to a standard prudence review in future general rate cases. The WPSC approved an all-party settlement agreement to repower wind facilities in a bench decision in June 2018. In the decision, the WPSC specifically removed the Leaning Juniper project, located in Oregon, from the agreement and the approval, consistent with the treatment in Utah.

2017 Tax Reform enacted significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code, including, among other things, a reduction in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. PacifiCorp has agreed to defer the impact of the tax law change with each of its state regulatory bodies. PacifiCorp proposed reducing customer rates for a portion of the lower annual income tax expense resulting from the decrease in federal tax rates, and deferring the remainder to offset other costs as approved by the regulatory bodies. In March 2018, PacifiCorp proposed 1% rate reductions in Utah, Wyoming and Idaho. PacifiCorp proposed the rate reductions to be effective May 1, 2018 in Utah, July 1, 2018 in Wyoming, and June 1, 2018 in Idaho. In April 2018, the UPSC ordered a rate reduction of $61 million, or 3.1%, effective May 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018, based on a preliminary estimate of the revenue requirement impact of 2017 Tax Reform. This credit will likely be adjusted effective January 1, 2019 when the final rates are approved in the next phase of the proceeding later in 2018. PacifiCorp filed a partial settlement with the WPSC in April 2018 that provides a rate reduction of $26 million, or 3.8%, beginning July 1, 2018, with the remaining tax savings to be deferred with offsets to other costs. In June 2018, the WPSC approved the rate reduction on an interim basis. In May 2018, the IPUC approved an all-party settlement to implement a rate reduction of $8 million, or 3.0%, beginning June 1, 2018, to begin passing back a portion of the tax benefit. The credit may be adjusted following the next phase of the proceeding. In June 2018, PacifiCorp filed reports with the UPSC, WPSC and IPUC with the calculation of the full impact of the tax law change on revenue requirements. These reports will initiate the next phase of the proceedings in these states.

Utah

In March 2017,2018, PacifiCorp filed its annual Energy Balancing Account ("EBA")EBA with the UPSC seeking approval to refund torecover from customers $7$3 million in deferred net power costs for the period January 1, 20162017 through December 31, 2016,2017, reflecting the difference between base and actual net power costs in the 20162017 deferral period. In April 2017, PacifiCorp revised its recommendation and requested approval to refund an additional $7 million to customers resulting in an interim rate reduction of $14 million. The rate change becamewas approved by the UPSC effective May 1, 2018 on an interim basis May 1, 2017.basis.

In March 2017,2018, PacifiCorp filed its annual REC balancing account application with the UPSC seeking to refund to customersrecover $1 million from customers for the period January 1, 20162017 through December 31, 20162017 for the difference in base and actual renewable energy credits.RECs. The rate change became effective on an interim basis June 1, 2017.2018.

As a result of the Utah Sustainable Transportation and Energy Plan legislation that was signed into law in March 2016, PacifiCorp filed an application in September 2016 seeking approval of a proposed five-year pilot program with an annual budget of $10 million authorized under the legislation to address clean-coal technology programs, commercial line extension programs, an electric vehicle incentive program and associated residential time of use rate pilot, and other programs authorized in legislation. The UPSC issued orders approving PacifiCorp's application in phases in December 2016, May 2017, and June 2017.

In November 2016, PacifiCorp filed cost of service analyses, as ordered by the UPSC, to quantify the cost shifting due to net metering. The UPSC ordered the analyses to comply with a 2014 law requiring the examination of whether the costs of net metering exceed the benefits to PacifiCorp and other customers. The filing includes a proposal for a new rate schedule for residential customer generators with a three-part rate based on the cost of serving this class of customer, which will mitigate future cost shifting. PacifiCorp proposed that the new rate schedule only apply to new net metering customers that submit applications after December 9, 2016. On December 9, 2016, PacifiCorp requested that the effective date for the start of a transitional tariff be suspended while it works with stakeholders on a collaborative process to resolve net metering rate design issues. The filing also requests an increase in the application fees for net metering. In February 2017, the UPSC ruled on motions to dismiss and requests for a show cause order for a regulatory rate review filed by various parties to the docket and denied the motions. The UPSC has set a procedural schedule with hearings to occur in August 2017.

Oregon

In March 2017,2018, PacifiCorp submitted its filing for the annual Transitional Adjustment Mechanism ("TAM")TAM filing in Oregon requesting an annual increase of $18$17 million, or an average price increase of 1.5%1.3%, based on forecasted net power costs and loads for calendar year 2018. Consistent with Oregon Senate Bill 1547, the2019. The filing includes an update of the impact of expiring production tax credits, which accounts for $6$11 million of the total rate adjustment.adjustment, consistent with Oregon Senate Bill 1547 and reflecting the decrease in the revenue requirement benefit of production tax credits due to the change in the federal income tax rate. The filing was updated in July to reflect an all-parties partial stipulation resolving all but one issue in the proceeding, subject to OPUC approval, and to update changes in contracts and market conditions. The updated filing is requesting an annual increase of $8 million, or an average price increase of 0.6%.$1 million. The filing will be updated for changes in contracts and market conditions again in November 2017,2018, before final rates become effective in January 2018.2019.



Wyoming

In April 2017,2018, PacifiCorp filed its annual Energy Cost Adjustment Mechanism ("ECAM")ECAM and REC and Sulfur Dioxide Revenue Adjustment Mechanism ("RRA") applicationsRRA application with the WPSC. The ECAM filing requests approval to refund to customers $5$3 million in deferred net power costs for the period January 1, 20162017 through December 31, 2016, and2017. The rate change was approved by the RRA application requests approval to refund to customers $1 million. In June 2017, the WPSC approved the ECAM and RRA rates on an interim basis, until a final order is issued by the WPSC.effective July 1, 2018.

Washington

In AugustDecember 2017, PacifiCorp submitted a compliancetariff filing to implement the second-year rate increasefirst price change for the decoupling mechanism approved as part of the two-year rate plan in thePacifiCorp's 2015 regulatory rate review. TheWUTC staff disputed PacifiCorp's interpretation of the WUTC's order for the decoupling mechanism and PacifiCorp's subsequent calculations requesting additional funds be booked for return to customers. In February 2018, the WUTC granted the staff's motions and rejected PacifiCorp's tariff revision and required that PacifiCorp re-file price changes for its decoupling mechanism. In March 2018, the WUTC issued a letter accepting PacifiCorp's revised compliance filing will include rates based onin the $8Washington Decoupling Revenue Adjustment docket. The filing resulted in a net credit to customers of $2 million, or 2.3%, increase orderedeffective April 1, 2018.

In May 2018, PacifiCorp filed a settlement stipulation and joint narrative in support of the settlement stipulation resolving all issues in the 2016 PCAM with the WUTC. The settlement agreement resulted in a net credit to the PCAM balancing account of $5 million. The WUTC issued an order in July 2018 approving the settlement in full.

In June 2018, PacifiCorp submitted its 2017 PCAM filing with WUTC seeking approval to credit $13 million to the PCAM balancing account. No rate changes were requested.

In June 2018, PacifiCorp filed with WUTC a proposal to decrease the System Benefits Charge ("SBC") collection rate by $2 million. In July 2018, the WUTC in September 2016. If approved by the WUTC, theproposed rates would be effective September 2017.to go into effect August 1, 2018.

Idaho

In January 2017, a $1 million, or 0.4%, decrease in base rates became effective as a result of a filing made with the IPUC to update net power costs in base rates in compliance with a prior rate plan stipulation.

In March 2017,2018, PacifiCorp filed its annual ECAM application with the IPUC requesting recovery of $8 million for deferred costs in 2016.2017. This filing includes recovery of the difference in actual net power costs to the base level in rates, an adder for recovery of the Lake Side 2 resource, recovery of Deer Creek longwall mine investment and changes in production tax credits and renewable energy credits. The IPUC approved recovery of the ECAM application with ratesdeferred costs, which resulted in a rate reduction of $2 million, or 0.8% effective June 1, 2017.2018.

California

In April 2017, PacifiCorp filed an application with the CPUC for an overall rate increase of $3 million, or 1.3%, to recover $3 million of costs recorded in the catastrophic events memorandum account over a two-year period effective April 1, 2018. The catastrophic events memorandum account includes costs for implementing drought-related fire hazard mitigation measures and storm damage and recovery efforts associated with the December 2016 and January 2017 winter storms. The CPUC issued an order in February 2018 approving this request.

In August 2017,April 2018, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the CPUC for aan overall rate decreaseincrease of $1 million, or 1.1%0.9%, through its annual Energy Cost Adjustment Clause. If approved by the CPUC, the rates would be effective January 1, 2019.



MidAmerican Energy

2017 Tax Reform enacted significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code, including, among other things, a reduction in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. Accumulated deferred income tax balances were re-measured at the 21% rate and regulatory liabilities increased pursuant to mechanisms approved in Iowa. MidAmerican Energy has made filings or has been in discussions with each of its state rate regulatory bodies proposing either a reduction in retail rates or rate base for all or a portion of the net benefits of 2017 Tax Reform for 2018 and beyond. MidAmerican Energy proposed in Iowa, its largest jurisdiction, to reduce customer revenue via a rider mechanism for the impact of the lower statutory rate on current operations, subject to change depending on actual results, and defer as a regulatory liability the amortization of excess deferred income taxes. The Illinois Commerce Commission approved MidAmerican Energy's Illinois tax reform rate reduction tariff on March 21, 2018. The Iowa Utilities Board approved MidAmerican Energy's Iowa tax reform rate reduction tariff on April 27, 2018, although it has opened a docket to consider concerns by certain stakeholders. MidAmerican Energy currently estimates that its 2018 revenue will be reduced by approximately $81 million due to rate reductions for tax reform.

NV Energy (Nevada Power and Sierra Pacific)

Regulatory Rate Reviews

In June 2017, Nevada Power filed an electric regulatory rate review with the PUCN. The filing requested no incrementalsupported an annual revenue relief. An order is expected by the endincrease of 2017 and, if approved, would be effective January 1, 2018.

In June 2016, Sierra Pacific filed an electric regulatory rate review with the PUCN. The filing$29 million, or 2%, but requested no incremental annual revenue relief. In October 2016, Sierra Pacific filed withDecember 2017, the PUCN a settlement agreement resolving most, but not all, issues in the proceeding andissued an order which reduced Sierra Pacific's electricNevada Power's revenue requirement by $3$26 million spread evenlyand requires Nevada Power to all rate classes. In December 2016, the PUCN approved the settlement agreement and established an additional six MWshare 50% of net metering capacity under the grandfathered rates, which are those net metering rates that were in effect prior to January 2016;regulatory earnings above 9.7%. As a result of the order, establishes cost-based rates andNevada Power recorded expense of $28 million in December 2017 primarily due to the reduction of a value-based excess energy creditregulatory asset to return to customers revenue collected for customers who choose to install private generation after the six MW limitation is reached.costs not incurred. The new rates were effective January 1, 2017.on February 15, 2018. In January 2017, Sierra Pacific2018, Nevada Power filed a petition for reconsideration relating toclarification of certain findings and directives in the creation oforder and intervening parties filed motions for reconsideration. The PUCN has not yet ruled on the additional six MWs of net metering atfiled motions. Nevada Power cannot predict the grandfathered rates. Sierra Pacific believes the effectstiming or ultimate outcome of the PUCN decision result in additional cost shifting to non-net metering customers and reduces the stipulated rate reduction for other customer classes. In June 2017, the PUCN denied the petition for reconsideration.rulings.

2017 Tax Reform enacted significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code, including, among other things, a reduction in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. In June 2016, Sierra Pacific filed a gas regulatory rate review withFebruary 2018, the PUCN. The filing requested a slight decrease in its incremental annual revenue requirement. In October 2016, Sierra Pacific filedNevada Utilities made filings with the PUCN proposing a settlement agreement resolving all issues intax rate reduction rider for the proceedinglower annual income tax expense anticipated to result from 2017 Tax Reform for 2018 and reducedbeyond. The filing supported an annual rate reduction of $59 million and $25 million for Nevada Power and Sierra Pacific's gas revenue requirement by $2 million.Pacific, respectively. In December 2016,March 2018, the PUCN approvedissued an order approving the settlement agreement.rate reduction proposed by the Nevada Utilities. The new rates were effective JanuaryApril 1, 2017.2018. The order has extended the procedural schedule to allow parties additional discovery relevant to 2017 Tax Reform and a hearing was held in July 2018. The Nevada Utilities cannot predict the timing or ultimate outcome of further regulatory proceedings.


In March 2018, the FERC issued a Show Cause Order related to 2017 Tax Reform. In May 2018, in response to the Show Cause Order, the Nevada Utilities proposed a reduction to transmission and certain ancillary service rates under the NV Energy Open Access Transmission Tariff for the lower annual income tax expense anticipated from 2017 Tax Reform. The new rates became effective March 21, 2018. The Utilities began billing at the new rate in June 2018. Upon FERC’s acceptance of the rates, the Utilities will issue refunds of $1 million from the effective date through May 2018.

Chapter 704B Applications

Chapter 704B of the Nevada Revised Statutes allows retail electric customers with an average annual load of one MW or more to file with the PUCN an application to purchase energy from alternative providers of a new electric resource and become distribution only service customers. On a case-by-case basis, the PUCN will assess the application and may deny or grant the application subject to conditions, including paying an impact fee, paying on-going charges and receiving approval for specific alternative energy providers and terms. The impact fee and on-going charges are assessed to alleviate the burden on other Nevada customers for the applicants'applicant's share of previously committed investments and long-term renewable contracts and are set at a level designed such that the remaining customers are not subjected to increased costs.

In May 2015, MGM Resorts International ("MGM") andOctober 2016, Wynn Las Vegas, LLC ("Wynn"), filed applications with the PUCN to purchase energy from alternative providers ofbecame a new electric resource and become distribution only service customers of Nevada Power. In December 2015, the PUCN granted the applications subject to conditions, including paying an impact fee, on-going charges and receiving approval for specific alternative energy providers and terms. In December 2015, the applicants filed petitions for reconsideration. In January 2016, the PUCN granted reconsideration and updated some of the terms, including removing a limitation related to energy purchased indirectly from NV Energy. In September 2016, MGM and Wynn paid impact fees of $82 million and $15 million, respectively. In October 2016, MGM and Wynn became distribution only service customerscustomer and started procuring energy from another energy supplier. In April 2017, Wynn filed a motion with the PUCN seeking relief from the January 2016 order that established the impact fee that was paid in September 2016 and requested the PUCN adopt an alternative impact fee and revise on-going charges associated with retirement of assets and high cost renewable contracts. In May 2017, a stipulation reached between MGM, Regulatory Operations Staff and the Bureau of Consumer Protection was filed requiring Nevada Power to credit $16 million as an offset against MGM's remaining impact fee obligation and, in June 2017, the PUCN approved the stipulation as filed.This request is still pending.

In September 2016, Switch, Ltd. ("Switch"), a customer of the Nevada Utilities, filed an application with the PUCN to purchase energy from alternative providers of a new electric resource and become a distribution only service customer of Nevada Power and Sierra Pacific. In December 2016, the PUCN approved a stipulation agreement that allows Switch to purchase energy from alternative providers subject to conditions, including paying an impact fee to Nevada Power. In May 2017, Switch paid impact fees of $27 million and, in June 2017, Switch became a distribution only service customer and started procuring energy from another energy supplier.

In November 2016, Caesars Enterprise Service ("Caesars"), a customer of the Nevada Utilities, filed an application with the PUCN to purchase energy from alternative providers of a new electric resource and become a distribution only service customer of Nevada Power and Sierra Pacific. In March 2017, the PUCN approved the application allowing Caesars to purchase energy from alternative providers subject to conditions, including paying an impact fee. In March 2017, Caesars provided notice that it intends to pay the impact fee monthly for three and six years at Sierra Pacific and Nevada Power, respectively, and proceed with purchasing energy from alternative providers. In July 2017, Caesars made the required compliance filings and, in September 2017, the PUCN issued an order allowing Caesars to acquire electric energy and ancillary services from another energy supplier and become a distribution only service customer of the Nevada Utilities. In January 2018, Caesars became a distribution only service customer and started procuring energy from another energy supplier for its eligible meters in the Sierra Pacific service territory. In February 2018, Caesars became a distribution only service customer and started procuring energy from another energy supplier for its eligible meters in the Nevada Power service territory. Following the PUCN’s order from March 2017, Caesars’ will pay Nevada Power and Sierra Pacific impact fees of $44 million in 72 equal monthly payments and $4 million in 36 monthly payments, respectively.

In May 2017, Peppermill Resort Spa Casino ("Peppermill"), a customer of Sierra Pacific, filed an application with the PUCN to purchase energy from alternative providers of a new electric resource and become a distribution only service customer of Sierra Pacific. In August 2017, the PUCN approved a stipulation allowing Peppermill to purchase energy from alternative providers subject to conditions, including paying an impact fee. In September 2017, Peppermill provided notice that it intends to pay the impact fee and proceed with purchasing energy from alternative providers. In April 2018, Peppermill paid a one-time impact fee of $3 million and became a distribution only service customer and started procuring energy from another energy supplier.

In June 2018, Station Casinos LLC ("Station"), a customer of Nevada Power, filed an application with the PUCN to purchase energy from alternative providers of a new electric resource and become a distribution only service customer of Nevada Power.

Net Metering

Nevada enacted Senate Bill 374 ("SB 374") on June 5, 2015. The legislation required the Nevada Utilities to prepare cost-of-service studies and propose new rules and rates for customers who install distributed, renewable generating resources. In July 2015, the Nevada Utilities made filings in compliance with SB 374 and the PUCN issued final orders December 23, 2015.

The final orders issued by the PUCN establish separate rate classes for customers who install distributed, renewable generating facilities. The establishment of separate rate classes recognizes the unique characteristics, costs and services received by these partial requirements customers. The PUCN also established new, cost-based rates or prices for these new customer classes, including increases in the basic service charge and related reductions in energy charges. Finally, the PUCN established a separate value for compensating customers who produce and deliver excess energy to the Nevada Utilities. The valuation will consider eleven factors, including alternatives available to the Nevada Utilities. The PUCN established a gradual, five-step process for transition over four years to the new, cost-based rates.



In January 2016, the PUCN denied requests to stay the order issued December 23, 2015. The PUCN also voted to reopen the evidentiary proceeding to address the application of new net metering rules for customers who applied for net metering service before the issuance of the final order. In February 2016, the PUCN affirmed most of the provisions of the December 23, 2015 order and adopted a twelve-year transition plan for changing rates for net metering customers to cost-based rates for utility services and value-based pricing for excess energy. Subsequently, two solar industry interest groups filed petitions for judicial review of the PUCN order issued in February 2016. The petitions request that the court either modify the PUCN order or direct the PUCN to modify its decision in a manner that would maintain rates and rules of service applicable to net metering as existed prior to the December 23, 2015 order of the PUCN. Two of the three petitions filed by the solar industry interest groups have been dismissed. In September 2016, the state district court issued an order in the third petition. The court concluded that the PUCN failed to provide existing net metering customers adequate legal notice of the proceeding. The court affirmed the PUCN's decision to establish new net energy metering rates and apply those to new net metering customers. The Nevada state district court decision was appealed to the Nevada Supreme Court.

In July 2016, the Nevada Utilities filed applications with the PUCN to revert back to the original net metering rates for a period of twenty years for customers who installed or had an active application for distributed, renewable generating facilities as of December 31, 2015. In September 2016, the PUCN issued an order accepting the stipulation and approved the applications as modified by the stipulation. In December 2016, as a part of Sierra Pacific's regulatory rate review, the PUCN issued an order establishing an additional six MWs of net metering under the grandfathered rates in the Sierra Pacific service territory; the order establishes cost-based rates and a value-based excess energy credit for customers who choose to install private generation after the six MW limitation is reached. As mentioned above, Sierra Pacific filed a petition for reconsideration relating to the additional six MWs of net metering, which was denied in June 2017.

In March 2017, the Nevada Utilities filed a joint application with several solar companies to extend the period for eligible customers to opt into the grandfathered net metering rates. The PUCN voted to approve the application and give qualifying customers until July 2017 to make this election.

Nevada enacted Assembly Bill 405 ("AB 405") on June 15, 2017. The legislation, among other things, established net metering crediting rates for private solargeneration customers with installed net metering systems less than 25 kilowatts. Under AB 405, private solargeneration customers will be compensated at 95% of the rate the customer would have paid for a kilowatt-hour of electricity supplied by the Nevada Utilities for the first 80 MWs of cumulative installed capacity of all net metering systems in Nevada, 88% of the rate the customer would have paid for a kilowatt-hour of electricity supplied by the Nevada Utilities for the next 80 MWs of cumulative installed capacity in Nevada, 81% of the rate the customer would have paid for a kilowatt-hour of electricity supplied by the Nevada Utilities for the next 80 MWs of cumulative installed capacity in Nevada and 75% of the rate the customer would have paid for a kilowatt-hour of electricity supplied by the Nevada Utilities for any additional installed rooftop solarprivate generation capacity. In July 2017, the Nevada Utilities filed with the PUCN proposed amendments to their tariffs necessary to comply with the provisions of AB 405. The filing in July 2017 also included a proposed optional time of use rate tariff for both Nevada Power and Sierra Pacific.Pacific, which has not yet been set for procedural review. In September 2017, the PUCN issued an order directing the Nevada Utilities to place all new private generation customers who have submitted applications after June 15, 2017, into a new rate class with rates equal to the rate class they would be in if they were not private generation customers. Private generation customers with installed net metering systems less than 25 kilowatts prior to June 15, 2017, may elect to migrate to the new rate class created under AB 405 or stay in their otherwise-applicable rate class. The new AB 405 rates became effective December 1, 2017. In February 2018, the Nevada Utilities filed with the PUCN a settlement agreement resolving the outstanding issues related to its proposal for optional time-differentiated rate schedules. In March 2018, the PUCN approved the settlement agreement.



Energy Choice Initiative - Deregulation

In November 2016, a majority of Nevada voters supported a ballot measure to amend Article 1 of the Nevada Constitution. If approved again in the general election ofNovember 2018, the proposed constitutional amendment would require the Nevada Legislature to create, on or before July 2023, an open and competitive retail electric market that includes provisions to reduce costs to customers, protect against service disconnections and unfair practices and prohibit the granting of monopolies and exclusive franchises for the generation of electricity. The outcome of any customer choice initiative could have broad implications to the Nevada Utilities. The Governor issued an executive order establishing the Governor’sGovernor's Committee on Energy Choice in which the Nevada Utilities have representation. The Nevada Utilities arehave been engaged in the initiativelegislative process before the Governor's committee and withrelated proceedings before the PUCN and the legislature. In April 2018, the PUCN released a study on the potential effects of electricity deregulation on Nevada. In July 2018, the Governor's Committee on Energy Choice butreleased a report of findings and recommendations to the Governor. The Nevada Utilities cannot assess or predict the outcome of the potential constitutional amendment or the financial impact, if any, at this time. The uncertainty created by the ballot initiative complicates both the short-term allocation of resources and long-term resource planning for the Nevada Utilities, including the ability to forecast load growth and the timing of resource additions. This uncertainty in planning is evidenced by a recent decision the PUCN issued denying Nevada Power’sPower's proposed purchase of the South Point Energy Center, citing the unknown outcomes of the energy choice initiativeEnergy Choice Initiative as one of the factors considered in their decision.


Northern Powergrid Distribution Companies

ALPThe Gas and Electricity Markets Authority through its office of gas and electric markets (known as "Ofgem") published its RIIO-2 framework consultation on March 7, 2018, marking the first milestone in the development of the price control arrangements that will apply to Northern Powergrid from April 2023. The consultation confirms that outputs and incentives will remain as central components of the regulatory model. A significant part of the proposals relate to setting the allowed return on capital, where Ofgem has set out an early view of the allowed cost of equity which is no higher than 5% (plus inflation measured using the UK retail price index).

General Tariff ApplicationsBHE Pipeline Group

In November 2014, ALP filedJuly 2018, the FERC issued a GTA requesting the AUC approve revenue requirements of C$811 millionfinal rule adopting procedures for 2015determining which natural gas pipelines may be collecting unjust and C$1.0 billion for 2016, primarily due to continued investmentunreasonable rates in capital projects as directed by the AESO. ALP amended the GTA in June 2015 and in October 2015. In May 2016, the AUC issued its decision pertaining to the 2015-2016 GTA. ALP filed its 2015-2016 GTA compliance filing in July 2016 to comply with the AUC's decision and to provide customers with tariff relief through: (i) the discontinuance of construction work-in-progress ("CWIP") in rate base and the return to AFUDC accounting effective January 1, 2015, and (ii) the refund of previously collected CWIP in rate base as part of ALP's transmission tariffs during 2011-2014 less related returns. In October 2016, ALP amended its 2015-2016 GTA compliance filing made in July 2016 to reflect the impactslight of the generic cost of capital decision issued in October 2016.

In December 2016, the AUC issued its decision with respect to ALP’s 2015-2016 GTA compliance filing made in July 2016, as amended. The AUC found that ALP has either complied with or the AUC has otherwise relieved ALP from its compliance with all its directions in its decision except for Directive 47, which dealt with the determination of the refund for previously collected CWIP-in-rate base and all related amounts. In January 2017, ALP filed its second compliance filing as directed by the AUC and requested a technical conference to explain the technical aspects of the filing.

In March 2017, the technical conference was held, and all key aspects of ALP’s approach and methodologies used in its second compliance filing to comply with AUC directives were reviewed and discussed. In April 2017, ALP filed with the AUC an amendment to its second compliance filing asking to remove C$7 million of recapitalized AFUDC associated with canceled projects that were not capitalized to rate base, and to increase the amount of income tax refund related to previously collected CWIP-in-rate base by C$4 million. As a result of this amendment, ALP’s forecast transmission tariffs were reduced from C$679 million to C$675 million for 2016, and remained unchanged at C$599 million for 2015, compared to the January 2017 second compliance filing, as amended.

During the second quarter 2017, ALP responded to information requests from the AUC with respect to its second compliance filing amendment filed in April 2017. Further direction or a final decision from the AUC is expectedreduction in the third quarter 2017. Oncefederal corporate tax rate from 2017 Tax Reform. Under the AUC approves ALP’s second compliancefinal rule, all interstate natural gas pipelines must file an informational filing as amended, final transmission tariff rateson Form No. 501-G prior to December 2018 for the 2015 and 2016 test years will be set, subjectFERC to further adjustment through the deferral account reconciliation process.evaluate each respective natural gas pipeline's rates.

ALP updated and refiled its 2017-2018 GTA in August 2016 to reflect the findings and conclusions of the AUC in its 2015-2016 GTA decision issued in May 2016. In October 2016, ALP amended its 2017-2018 GTA to reflect the impacts of the generic cost of capital decision issued in October 2016 and other updates and revisions. The amendment requests the AUC to approve ALP's revenue requirement of C$891 million for 2017 and C$919 million for 2018. In November 2016, the AUC approved the 2017 interim refundable transmission tariff at C$70 million per month effective January 2017. In December 2016, the AUC approved ALP's request to enter into a negotiated settlement process. In January 2017, the parties successfully reached a negotiated settlement on all aspects of ALP’s 2017-2018 GTA and in February 2017, ALP filed with the AUC the 2017-2018 negotiated settlement application for approval. The application consists of negotiated reductions of C$16 million of operating expenses and C$40 million of transmission maintenance and information technology capital expenditures over the two years, as well as an increase to miscellaneous revenue of C$3 million. These reductions resulted in a C$24 million, or 1.3%, net decrease to the two-year total revenue requirement applied for in ALP’s 2017-2018 GTA amendment filed in October 2016. In addition, ALP proposed to provide significant tariff relief through the refund of previously collected accumulated depreciation surplus of C$130 million (C$125 million net of other related impacts). The negotiated settlement agreement also provides for additional potential reductions over the two years through a 50/50 cost savings sharing mechanism.

During the second quarter 2017, ALP responded to information requests from the AUC with respect to its 2017-2018 negotiated settlement agreement application filed in February 2017. Further direction or a final decision from the AUC is expected in 2017.

2018 Generic Cost of Capital Proceeding

In July 2017, the AUC denied the utilities’utilities' request that the interim determinations of 8.5% return on equity and deemed capital structures for 2018 be made final, by stating that it is not prepared to finalize 2018 values in the absence of an evidentiary process and its intention to issue the generic cost of capital decision for 2018, 2019 and 2020 by the end of 2018 to reduce regulatory lag.

In October 2017, ALP's expert witness evidence and company evidence was submitted recommending a range of 9% to 10.75% return on equity, on a recommended equity ratio of 40%. ALP also filed company evidence that outlined increased uncertainties in the Alberta utility regulatory environment. In January 2018, the Consumers' Coalition of Alberta, the Utilities Consumer Advocate and the City of Calgary filed intervenor evidence. The AUC also confirmedreturn on equity recommended by the process timelines withintervenors ranges from 6.3% to 7.75%. The equity ratio recommended by the intervenors for ALP ranges from 35% to 37%.

In March 2018, an oral hearing scheduledwas held and in August 2018, the AUC issued its decision approving ALP's return on equity at 8.5% with a 37% equity ratio for March 2018.


2018, 2019 and 2020.

Deferral Account Reconciliation Application

In April 2017, ALP filed its application with the AUC with respect to ALP’sALP's 2014 projects and deferral accounts and specific 2015 projects. The application includesincluded approximately C$2.0 billion in net capital additions. In June 2017, the AUC ruled that the scope of the deferral account proceeding would not be extended to consider the utilization of assets for which final cost approval is sought. However, the AUC will initiate a separate proceeding to address the issue of transmission asset utilization and how the corporate and property law principles applied in the Utility Asset Disposition (UAD)("UAD") decision may relate.



In December 2017, ALP amended its application to include the remaining capital projects completed in 2015. The amended 2014 and 2015 deferral account reconciliation application includes 110 completed projects with total gross capital additions, excluding AFUDC, of C$3.8 billion.

Environmental Laws and Regulations

Each Registrant is subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations regarding air and water quality, renewable portfolio standards,RPS, emissions performance standards, climate change, coal combustion byproduct disposal, hazardous and solid waste disposal, protected species and other environmental matters that have the potential to impact each Registrant's current and future operations. In addition to imposing continuing compliance obligations, these laws and regulations provide regulators with the authority to levy substantial penalties for noncompliance, including fines, injunctive relief and other sanctions. These laws and regulations are administered by the EPA and various federal state, local and international agencies. Each Registrant believes it is in material compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, although many laws and regulations are subject to interpretation that may ultimately be resolved by the courts. Refer to "Liquidity and Capital Resources" of each respective Registrant in Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q for discussion of each Registrant's forecast environmental-related capital expenditures. The discussion below contains material developments to those matters disclosed in Item 1 of each Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016,2017, and new environmental matters occurring in 2017.2018.

Clean Air Act Regulations

The Clean Air Act is a federal law administered by the EPA that provides a framework for protecting and improving the nation's air quality and controlling sources of air emissions. The implementation of new standards is generally outlined in SIPs, which are a collection of regulations, programs and policies to be followed. SIPs vary by state and are subject to public hearings and EPA approval. Some states may adopt additional or more stringent requirements than those implemented by the EPA. The major Clean Air Act programs most directly affecting the Registrants' operations are described below.

Regional Haze

The EPA's Regional Haze Rule, finalized in 1999, requires states to develop and implement plans to improve visibility in designated federally protected areas ("Class I areas"). Some of PacifiCorp's coal-fueled generating facilities in Utah, Wyoming, Arizona and Colorado and certain of Nevada Power's and Sierra Pacific's fossil-fueled generating facilities are subject to the Clean Air Visibility Rules. In accordance with the federal requirements, states are required to submit SIPs that address emissions from sources subject to best available retrofit technology ("BART") requirements and demonstrate progress towards achieving natural visibility requirements in Class I areas by 2064.



The state of Utah issued aColorado regional haze SIP requiring the installation of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter controls on Hunter Units 1 and 2, and Huntington Units 1 and 2. In December 2012, the EPA approved the sulfur dioxide portion of the Utah regional haze SIP and disapproved the nitrogen oxides and particulate matter portions. Certain groups appealed the EPA's approval of the sulfur dioxide portion and oral argument was heard before the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit ("Tenth Circuit") in March 2014. In October 2014, the Tenth Circuit upheld the EPA's approval of the sulfur dioxide portion of the SIP. The state of Utah and PacifiCorp filed petitions for administrative and judicial review of the EPA's final rule on the BART determinations for the nitrogen oxides and particulate matter portions of Utah's regional haze SIP in March 2013. In May 2014, the Tenth Circuit dismissed the petition on jurisdictional grounds. In addition, and separate from the EPA's approval process and related litigation, the Utah Division of Air Quality completed an alternative BART analysis for Hunter Units 1 and 2, and Huntington Units 1 and 2. The alternative BART analysis and revised regional haze SIP were submitted in June 2015 to the EPA for review and proposed action after a public comment period. The revised regional haze SIP included a state-enforceable requirement to cease operation of the Carbon Facility by August 15, 2015. PacifiCorp retired the Carbon Facility in December 2015. In January 2016, the EPA published two alternative proposals to either approve the Utah SIP as written or reject the Utah SIP relating to nitrogen oxides controls and require the installation ofrequires selective catalytic reduction ("SCR") controls at HunterCraig Unit 2 and Hayden Units 1 and 2, and Huntington Units 1 and 2 within five years. EPA's final action onin which PacifiCorp has ownership interests. Each of those regional haze compliance projects are either already in service or currently being constructed. In addition, in February 2015, the Utahstate of Colorado finalized an amendment to its regional haze SIP was effective August 4, 2016. The EPA approvedrelating to Craig Unit 1, in part and disapproved in part the Utah regional haze SIP and issued a federal implementation plan ("FIP") requiringwhich PacifiCorp has an ownership interest, to require the installation of SCR controls at Hunterby 2021. In September 2016, the owners of Craig Units 1 and 2 reached an agreement with state and Huntington Unitsfederal agencies and certain environmental groups that were parties to the previous settlement requiring SCR controls to retire Unit 1 and 2 within five yearsby December 31, 2025, in lieu of SCR controls installation, or alternatively to remove the unit from coal-fueled service by August 31, 2021 with an option to convert the unit to natural gas by August 31, 2023, in lieu of SCR controls installation. The terms of the effective dateagreement were approved by the Colorado Air Quality Board in December 2016. The terms of the rule. PacifiCorpagreement were incorporated into an amended Colorado regional haze SIP in 2017 and other parties have filed requests with the EPA to reconsider and stay that decision, and have also filed motions for stay and petitions for review with the Tenth Circuit asking the court to overturn the EPA’s actions. In June 2017, the state of Utah and PacifiCorp issued requestswere submitted to the EPA to reconsiderfor its decision in issuing the FIP. By letter dated July 14, 2017, from Administrator Scott Pruitt, the EPA indicated that based on existingreview and new evidence potentially relevant to theapproval. The EPA’s evaluation of Utah’s 2015 SIP, the agency would reconsider its final rule and prepare a notice of proposed rulemaking and take public comment on its proposed action. On July 18, 2017, the EPA filed with the Tenth Circuit a motion to hold the pending appeals in abeyance pending agency reconsiderationapproval of the final rule. The Tenth Circuit initially requested that all parties file a response setting forth their opposition or nonopposition to the EPA’s motion to hold the cases in abeyance by July 28, 2017. However, on July 18, 2017, PacifiCorp asked the Tenth Circuit to take judicial notice of the EPA’s request to hold the appeals in abeyance and reaffirmed its request to stay the FIP. The Tenth Circuit ordered all parties to respond to both the EPA's motion for abeyance and the motions by PacifiCorp and others to take judicial notice of EPA's reconsideration by August 4, 2017. The EPA, on July 25, 2017, also filed an unopposed motion to extend the current deadline for the filing of its brief on the merits of the case from August 1, 2017, to August 29, 2017, to allow the court to rule on the pending motions.

The state of Arizona issued aamended Colorado regional haze SIP requiring, among other things,was published in the installation of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter controls on Cholla Unit 4. The EPA approved in part, and disapproved in part, the Arizona SIP and issued a FIP for the disapproved portions requiring SCR controls on Cholla Unit 4. In January 2015, permit applications and studies were submitted to amend the Cholla Title V permit, and subsequently the Arizona SIP to convert Cholla Unit 4 to a natural gas-fueled unit in 2025; after notice and comment, the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality submitted the amended Arizona SIP to the EPA, which approved the amendments to the Arizona regional haze SIPFederal Register July 5, 2018, with an effective date of April 26, 2017.August 6, 2018. Until the EPA takes final action in each state and decisions have been made in the pending appeals, PacifiCorp, cannot fully determine the impacts of the Regional Haze Rule on its respective generating facilities.



The Navajo Generating Station, in which Nevada Power is a joint owner with an 11.3% ownership share, is also a source that is subject to the regional haze BART requirements. In January 2013, the EPA announced a proposed FIP addressing BART and an alternative for the Navajo Generating Station that includes a flexible timeline for reducing nitrogen oxides emissions. Nevada Power, along with the other owners of the facility, have been reviewing the EPA's proposal to determine its impact on the viability of the facility's future operations. The land lease for the Navajo Generating Station is subject to renewal in 2019. In the spring 2017, the owners of the Navajo Generating Station voted to shut down and demolish the plant on or before December 23, 2019; however, the owners agreed to continue operating the plant through 2019 with demolition to follow if the tribe approved a new lease by July 1, 2017. Subsequently, the Navajo Council approved the requested lease extension June 26, 2017, and on July 1, 2017, the Navajo Nation signed the replacement lease with the utility owners of the Navajo Generating Station. Two remaining owners, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the City of Los Angeles, must approve the lease by December 1, 2017, to enable continued operations through 2019. The Navajo Nation, along with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and Peabody Energy have further indicated a desire to keep the plant and coal mine operating through at least 2030, which would require a new ownership structure for the facility. The utility owners have specified that a new ownership proposal must be put forward by October 1, 2017, in order to complete the transition prior to December 23, 2019. Nevada Power filed the Emissions Reduction and Capacity Replacement Plan in May 2014 that proposed to eliminate its ownership participation in the Navajo Generating Station in 2019, which was approved by the PUCN.

Climate Change

In December 2015, an international agreement was negotiated by 195 nations to create a universal framework for coordinated action on climate change in what is referred to as the Paris Agreement. The Paris Agreement reaffirms the goal of limiting global temperature increase well below 2 degrees Celsius, while urging efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius; establishes commitments by all parties to make nationally determined contributions and pursue domestic measures aimed at achieving the commitments; commits all countries to submit emissions inventories and report regularly on their emissions and progress made in implementing and achieving their nationally determined commitments; and commits all countries to submit new commitments every five years, with the expectation that the commitments will get more aggressive. In the context of the Paris Agreement, the United States agreed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 26% to 28% by 2025 from 2005 levels. After more than 55 countries representing more than 55% of global greenhouse gas emissions submitted their ratification documents, the Paris Agreement became effective November 4, 2016. Under the terms of the Paris Agreement, ratifying countries are bound for a three-year period and must provide one-year's notice of their intent to withdraw. On June 1, 2017, President Trump announced the United States would withdraw from the Paris Agreement. Under the terms of the agreement, the withdrawal would be effective in November 2020. The cornerstone of the United States' commitment was the Clean Power Plan which was finalized by the EPA in 2015 and is currently under review, wasbut has since been proposed for repeal by the primary basis for the United States' commitment under the Paris Agreement. On June 1, 2017, President Trump announced the United States would begin the four-year process of withdrawing from the Paris Agreement.EPA.

GHG Performance Standards

Under the Clean Air Act, the EPA may establish emissions standards that reflect the degree of emissions reductions achievable through the best technology that has been demonstrated, taking into consideration the cost of achieving those reductions and any non-air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. On August 3, 2015, the EPA issued final new source performance standards, establishing a standard of 1,000 pounds of carbon dioxide per MWh for large natural gas-fueled generating facilities and 1,400 pounds of carbon dioxide per MWh for new coal-fueled generating facilities with the "Best System of Emission Reduction" reflecting highly efficient supercritical pulverized coal facilities with partial carbon capture and sequestration or integrated gasification combined-cycle units that are co-fired with natural gas or pre-combustion slipstream capture of carbon dioxide. The new source performance standards have beenwere appealed to the D.C. Circuit and oral argument was scheduled to be heardfor April 17, 2017; however,2017. However, oral argument was deferred and the court cancelledheld the oral arguments March 30, 2017, and, on April 28, 2017, ordered that the cases be heldcase in abeyance for 60 days, with supplemental briefs required to be filed May 15, 2017, regarding whether the cases should be remanded to the EPA rather than held in abeyance.an indefinite period of time. Until such time as the court renders a final determination regardingEPA undertakes further action to reconsider the validity of thenew source performance standards or the EPA rescinds the standards,court takes action, any new fossil-fueled generating facilities constructed by the relevant Registrants will be required to meet the GHG new source performance standards.


Clean Power Plan

Clean Power Plan

In June 2014, the EPA released proposed regulations to address GHG emissions from existing fossil-fueled generating facilities, referred to as the Clean Power Plan, under Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act. The EPA's proposal calculated state-specific emission rate targets to be achieved based on the "Best System of Emission Reduction." In August 2015, the final Clean Power Plan was released, which established the Best System of Emission Reduction as including: (a) heat rate improvements; (b) increased utilization of existing combined-cycle natural gas-fueled generating facilities; and (c) increased deployment of new and incremental non-carbon generation placed in-service after 2012. The EPA also changed the compliance period to beginwould have begun in 2022, with three interim periods of compliance and with the final goal to be achieved by 2030. Based on changes to the state emission reduction targets, which are now all between 771 pounds per MWh2030 and 1,305 pounds per MWh, the Clean Power Plan, when fully implemented, iswas expected to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the power sector to 32% below 2005 levels by 2030. The EPA also released in August 2015, a draft federal plan as an option or backstop for states to utilize in the event they do not submit approvable state plans. The public comment period on the draft federal plan and proposed model trading rules closed January 21, 2016. States were required to submit their initial implementation plans by September 2016 but could request an extension to September 2018. However, onOn February 9, 2016, the United States Supreme Court ordered that the EPA's emission guidelines for existing sources be stayed pending the disposition of the challenges to the rule in the D.C. Circuit and any action on a writ of certiorari before the U.S. Supreme Court. Oral argument was heard before the full D.C. Circuit (with the exception of Chief Judge Merrick Garland) on September 27, 2016, and the2016. The court has not yet issued its decision. In accordance with an executive order issued March 28,On October 10, 2017, the EPA signedissued a proposal to repeal the Clean Power Plan and the EPA took comments on the proposed repeal until April 26, 2018. In addition, the EPA published in the Federal Register notice Marchan Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on December 28, 2017, announcingseeking public input on, without committing to, a potential replacement rule. The public comment period for the EPA’s reviewAdvance Notice of the rule and EPA filed a motion to hold the case in abeyance pending completion of the EPA’s review and any resulting rulemaking.Proposed Rulemaking concluded February 26, 2018. On April 28, 2017, the D.C. Circuit issued an order holding the case in abeyance for 60 days and ordered the parties to file supplemental briefs addressing whether the case should be remanded to the EPA rather than held in abeyance. On June 8, 2017,July 9, 2018, the EPA sent its review ofa proposal to replace the Clean Power Plan to the White House Office of Management and Budget for interagency review. The full impacts of the final rule orEPA's recent efforts to repeal the federal planClean Power Plan are not expected to have a material impact on the Registrants cannot be determined until the outcome of the pending litigation and subsequent appeals, the outcome of any issues should the case be remanded for further action by the EPA and the review of the rule and any subsequent action taken by the EPA in response to the Executive Order.Registrants. PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy, Nevada Power and Sierra Pacific have historically pursued cost-effective projects, including plant efficiency improvements, increased diversification of their generating fleets to include deployment of renewable and lower carbon generating resources, and advancement ofadvanced customer energy efficiency programs.

Water Quality Standards



GHG Litigation

Each Registrant closely monitors ongoing environmental litigation applicable to its respective operations. Numerous lawsuits have been unsuccessfully pursued against the industry that attempt to link GHG emissions to public or private harm. The lower courts initially refrained from adjudicating the cases under the "political question" doctrine, because of their inherently political nature. These cases have typically been appealed to federal Water Pollution Control Act ("Clean Water Act") establishes the framework for maintainingappellate courts and, improving water quality in certain circumstances, to the United States throughSupreme Court. In the U.S. Supreme Court's 2011 decision in the case of American Electric Power Co., Inc., et al. v. Connecticut et al., the court addressed the question of whether federal common law nuisance claims could be maintained against certain electric power companies' for their GHG emissions and require the setting of an emissions cap for the emitters. The court held that the Clean Air Act and the EPA actions it authorizes displace any federal common law right to seek abatement of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel-fired power plants. Recent efforts by the EPA to repeal the Clean Power Plan could increase the filing of common law nuisance lawsuits against emitters of GHG. Adverse rulings in GHG-related cases could result in increased or changed regulations and could increase costs for GHG emitters, including the Registrants' generating facilities. While the Registrants are not a program that regulates, among other things, dischargesparty to pending climate-related lawsuits, there are several suits pending in federal and withdrawalsstate courts related to product liability, public nuisance, consumer protection and trespass cases against certain fossil fuel companies, as well as a case brought under the public trust doctrine against several federal government entities and officials. The GHG rules, changes to those rules, and the Registrants' compliance requirements are subject to potential outcomes from waterways. The Clean Water Act requires that cooling water intake structures reflectproceedings and litigation challenging the "best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impact" to aquatic organisms. After significant litigation,rules.

Coal Combustion Byproduct Disposal

In May 2010, the EPA released a proposed rule under §316(b) of the Clean Water Act to regulate cooling water intakes at existing facilities.the management and disposal of coal combustion byproducts under the RCRA. The final rule was released by the EPA on December 19, 2014, was published in May 2014,the Federal Register on April 17, 2015 and becamewas effective inon October 2014.19, 2015. The final rule regulates coal combustion byproducts as non-hazardous waste under RCRA Subtitle D and establishes minimum nationwide standards for the disposal of coal combustion residuals. Under the final rule, existing facilitiessurface impoundments and landfills utilized for coal combustion byproducts may need to be closed unless they can meet the more stringent regulatory requirements. The final rule requires regulated entities to post annual groundwater monitoring and corrective action reports. The first of these reports were posted to the respective Registrant's coal combustion rule compliance data and information websites prior to March 2, 2018. Based on the results in those reports, additional monitoring and action may be required under the rule.

On March 15, 2018, the EPA issued a proposal to address provisions of the final coal combustion rule that withdraw at least 25%were remanded back to the agency on June 14, 2016, by the D.C. Circuit. The proposal included provisions that establish alternative performance standards for owners and operators of their water exclusivelycoal combustion residuals units located in states that have approved permit programs or are otherwise subject to oversight through a permit program administered by the EPA. The public comment period closed April 30, 2018 and the EPA published the first phase of the coal combustion rule amendments July 30, 2018, with an effective date of August 28, 2018. Additional substantive revisions to the rule are expected to be finalized by the EPA by December 2019 but have not yet been released for cooling purposes andpublic comment. If adopted, certain elements of the proposal have a design intake flow of greater than two million gallons per day are requiredthe potential to reduce fish impingement (i.e., when fish and other aquatic organismscosts of compliance. However, until such time as the current or future proposals are trapped against screens when water is drawn intofinal, the impacts on the Registrants cannot be determined. In addition, a facility's cooling system) by choosing onenotice of seven options. Facilities that withdraw at least 125 million gallons of water per day from watersintent to sue the EPA under the citizens' suit provisions of the United States must also conduct studiesResource Conservation and Recovery Act was issued July 26, 2018, alleging the EPA's failure to help their permitting authority determine what site-specific controls, if any, would be requiredperform nondiscretionary duties related to reduce entrainmentthe development and publication of aquatic organisms (i.e., when organisms are drawn intominimum guidelines for public participation in the facility).approval of state permit programs for coal combustion residuals.

At the time the rule was published in April 2015, PacifiCorp operated 18 surface impoundments and MidAmerican Energy are assessing the options for compliance at their generating facilities impacted by the final rule and will complete impingement and entrainment studies. PacifiCorp's Dave Johnston generating facility and all of MidAmerican Energy's coal-fueled generating facilities, except Louisa, Ottumwa and Walter Scott, Jr. Unit 4, which have water cooling towers, withdraw more than 125 million gallons per day of water from waters of the United States for once-through cooling applications. PacifiCorp's Jim Bridger, Naughton, Gadsby, Hunter and Huntington generating facilities currently utilize closed cycle cooling towers but are designedseven landfills that contained coal combustion byproducts. Prior to withdraw more than two million gallons of water per day. The standards are required to be met as soon as possible after the effective date of the final rule butin October 2015, nine surface impoundments and three landfills were either closed or repurposed to no later than eight years thereafter. The costs of compliance with the cooling water intake structure rule cannot be fully determined until the prescribed studies are conducted. In the event that PacifiCorp's or MidAmerican Energy's existing intake structures require modification, the costslonger receive coal combustion byproducts and hence are not anticipated to be significantsubject to the consolidated financial statements. Nevada Powerfinal rule. As PacifiCorp proceeded to implement the final coal combustion rule, it was determined that two surface impoundments located at the Dave Johnston Generating Station were hydraulically connected and Sierra Pacific do not utilize once-through cooling water intakeeffectively constitute a single impoundment. In November 2017, a new surface impoundment was placed into service at the Naughton Generating Station. At the time the rule was published in April 2015, MidAmerican Energy owned or discharge structures at any of their generating facilities. Alloperated nine surface impoundments and four landfills that contain coal combustion byproducts. Prior to the effective date of the rule in October 2015, MidAmerican Energy closed or repurposed six surface impoundments to no longer receive coal combustion byproducts. Five of these surface impoundments were closed on or before December 21, 2017 and the sixth is undergoing closure. At the time the rule was published in April 2015, the Nevada PowerUtilities operated ten evaporative surface impoundments and Sierra Pacific generating stations are designedtwo landfills that contained coal combustion byproducts. Prior to have either minimal or zero discharge; therefore, they are not impacted by the §316(b)effective date of the rule in October 2015, the Nevada Utilities closed four of the surface impoundments, four impoundments discontinued receipt of coal combustion byproducts making them inactive and two surface impoundments remain active and subject to the final rule. The two landfills remain active and subject to the final rule. Refer to Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of Berkshire Hathaway Energy in Item 8 of this Form 10-K and Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of PacifiCorp in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for discussion of the impacts on asset retirement obligations as a result of the final rule.



In NovemberMultiple parties filed challenges over various aspects of the final rule in the D.C. Circuit in 2015, resulting in settlement of some of the issues and subsequent regulatory action by the EPA, publishedincluding subjecting inactive surface impoundments to regulation. On September 13, 2017, EPA Administrator Pruitt issued a letter to parties petitioning for administrative reconsideration of certain aspects of the coal combustion byproducts rule concluding it was appropriate and in the public interest to reconsider the provisions of the final effluent limitation guidelines and standards forrule addressed in the steam electric power generating sector which, among other things, regulatepetitions. On September 27, 2017, the discharge of bottom ash transport water, fly ash transport water, combustion residual leachate and non-chemical metal cleaning wastes. These guidelines, which had not been revised since 1982, were revised in responseD.C. Circuit issued an order to the EPA's concerns thatEPA requiring the additionagency to identify provisions of controls for air emissions has changed the effluent discharged from coal- and natural gas-fueled generating facilities. Under the guidelines, permitting authorities were required to include the new limits in each impacted facility's discharge permit upon renewal; the new limits were to have been met as soon as possible, beginning November 1, 2018 and implemented by December 31, 2023. On April 5, 2017, a request for reconsideration and administrative stay of the guidelines was filed with the EPA. The EPA granted the request for reconsideration on April 12, 2017, imposed an immediate administrative stay of compliance dates in the rule that hadthe agency intended to reconsider. The EPA submitted its list of potential issues to be reconsidered on November 15, 2017 and oral argument was held by the D.C. Circuit November 20, 2017 over certain portions of the final rule. The court has not passed judicial review, and requested thatyet issued a decision on the court stayissues presented in the pending litigation over the rule until September 12, 2017. On June 6,oral arguments. Separately, on August 10, 2017, the EPA issued proposed to extend many of the compliance deadlines that would otherwise occur in 2018. The public comment periodpermitting guidance on EPA’s proposed extension of the deadlines closed July 5, 2017. While most of the issues raised by this rule are already being addressed through thehow states' coal combustion residuals rule and are not expected to impose significant additionalpermit programs should comply with the requirements on the facilities, the impact of the final rule cannot be fully determined untilas authorized under the reconsideration action is complete and any judicial review is concluded.

In April 2014,December 2016 Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act. Utilizing that guidance, the state of Oklahoma submitted an application to the EPA for approval of its state program and, on June 28, 2018, the United States Army Corps of Engineers issued a joint proposal to address "watersEPA's approval of the United States" to clarify protection under the Clean Water Act for streams and wetlands. The proposed rule comes as a result of United States Supreme Court decisions in 2001 and 2006 that created confusion regarding jurisdictional waters that were subject to permitting under either nationwide or individual permitting requirements. The final ruleapplication was released in May 2015 but is currently under appeal in multiple courts and a nationwide stay on the implementation of the rule was issued in October 2015. On January 13, 2017, the U.S. Supreme Court granted a petition to address jurisdictional challenges to the rule. On June 27, 2017, the EPA initiated the repeal of the “waters of the United States” rule. The EPA plans to undertake a two-step process, with the first step to repeal the 2015 rule and the second step to carry out a notice-and-comment rulemaking in which a substantive re-evaluation of the definition of the “waters of the United States” will be undertaken. The proposed repeal of the rule has not yet been published in the Federal Register. Depending on the outcomeTo date, none of the appeal(s) and intended rulemaking, a varietystates in which the Registrants operate has submitted an application for approval of projectsstate permitting authority. The state of Utah adopted the federal final rule in September 2016, which required two landfills to submit permit applications by March 2017. It is anticipated that otherwise would have qualifiedthe state of Utah will submit an application for streamlined permitting processes under nationwide or regional general permits wouldapproval of its coal combustion residuals permit program prior to the end of 2018.

Notwithstanding the status of the final coal combustion residuals rule, citizens' suits have been requiredfiled against regulated entities seeking judicial relief for contamination alleged to undergo more lengthyhave been caused by releases of coal combustion byproducts. Some of these cases have been successful in imposing liability upon companies if coal combustion byproducts contaminate groundwater that is ultimately released or connected to surface water. In addition, actions have been filed against regulated entities seeking to require that surface impoundments containing coal combustion residuals be subject to closure by removal rather than being allowed to effectuate closure in place as provided under the final rule. The Registrants are not a party to these lawsuits and costly individual permit procedures based on an extension of waters that will be deemed jurisdictional. On February 28, 2017, President Trump signed an Executive Order directing the EPA to review and rescind or revise the rule. Until the rule is reviewed and rescinded or fully litigated and finalized,until they are resolved, the Registrants cannot determine whether projects that include construction and demolition will face more complex permitting issues, higher costs or increased requirements for compensatory mitigation.predict the impact on overall compliance obligations.

New Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements affecting the Company, refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Certain accounting measurements require management to make estimates and judgments concerning transactions that will be settled several years in the future. Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Financial Statements based on such estimates involve numerous assumptions subject to varying and potentially significant degrees of judgment and uncertainty and will likely change in the future as additional information becomes available. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the accounting for the effects of certain types of regulation, derivatives, impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets, pension and other postretirement benefits, income taxes and revenue recognition - unbilled revenue. For additional discussion of the Company's critical accounting estimates, see Item 7 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162017. There have been no significant changes in the Company's assumptions regarding critical accounting estimates since December 31, 20162017.



PacifiCorp and its subsidiaries
Consolidated Financial Section



PART I
Item 1.Financial Statements


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
PacifiCorp
Portland, Oregon

Results of Review of Interim Financial Information
We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of PacifiCorp and subsidiaries ("PacifiCorp") as of June 30, 2017, and2018, the related consolidated statements of operations for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, and of changes in shareholders'shareholders’ equity and cash flowsfor the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and 2016. Thesethe related notes (collectively referred to as the "interim financial information"). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial statements areinformation for it to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the responsibilityUnited States of PacifiCorp's management.America.

We conducted our reviewshave previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of PacifiCorp as of December 31, 2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 23, 2018, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

Basis for Review Results
This interim financial information is the responsibility of PacifiCorp's management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to PacifiCorp in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our reviews in accordance with standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States),PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to such consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of PacifiCorp and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 24, 2017, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP


Portland, Oregon
August 4, 20173, 2018



PACIFICORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

 As of As of
 June 30, December 31, June 30, December 31,
 2017 2016 2018 2017
ASSETS
Current assets:        
Cash and cash equivalents $167
 $17
 $22
 $14
Accounts receivable, net 681
 728
 701
 684
Income taxes receivable 
 17
Inventories:    
Materials and supplies 231
 228
Fuel 224
 215
Regulatory assets 28
 53
Inventories 449
 433
Prepaid expenses 62
 73
Other current assets 75
 96
 78
 111
Total current assets 1,406
 1,354
 1,312
 1,315
        
Property, plant and equipment, net 19,141
 19,162
 19,292
 19,203
Regulatory assets 1,535
 1,490
 1,034
 1,030
Other assets 378
 388
 321
 372
        
Total assets $22,460
 $22,394
 $21,959
 $21,920

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


PACIFICORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) (continued)
(Amounts in millions)

 As of As of
 June 30, December 31, June 30, December 31,
 2017 2016 2018 2017
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:        
Accounts payable $397
 $408
 $390
 $453
Income taxes payable 160
 
Accrued interest 115
 115
Accrued property, income and other taxes 139
 66
Accrued employee expenses 85
 67
 121
 70
Accrued interest 115
 115
Accrued property and other taxes 100
 63
Short-term debt 
 270
 108
 80
Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations 92
 58
 852
 588
Regulatory liabilities 61
 54
Other current liabilities 169
 164
 257
 245
Total current liabilities 1,179
 1,199
 1,982
 1,617
        
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations 6,088
 6,437
Regulatory liabilities 1,020
 978
 3,086
 2,996
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations 6,935
 7,021
Deferred income taxes 4,868
 4,880
 2,556
 2,582
Other long-term liabilities 914
 926
 710
 733
Total liabilities 14,916
 15,004
 14,422
 14,365
        
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)    
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)    
        
Shareholders' equity:        
Preferred stock 2
 2
 2
 2
Common stock - 750 shares authorized, no par value, 357 shares issued and outstanding 
 
 
 
Additional paid-in capital 4,479
 4,479
 4,479
 4,479
Retained earnings 3,075
 2,921
 3,071
 3,089
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net (12) (12) (15) (15)
Total shareholders' equity 7,544
 7,390
 7,537
 7,555
        
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $22,460
 $22,394
 $21,959
 $21,920

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



PACIFICORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016 2018 2017 2018 2017
               
Operating revenue$1,245
 $1,233
 $2,526
 $2,485
 $1,193
 $1,245
 $2,377
 $2,526
       
  
      
Operating costs and expenses:       
Energy costs399
 390
 840
 817
Operating expenses:        
Cost of fuel and energy 402
 399
 835
 840
Operations and maintenance258
 265
 506
 528
 261
 263
 511
 517
Depreciation and amortization202
 193
 398
 383
 197
 202
 399
 398
Taxes, other than income taxes48
 46
 99
 94
Total operating costs and expenses907
 894
 1,843
 1,822
Property and other taxes 49
 48
 101
 99
Total operating expenses 909
 912
 1,846
 1,854
       
  
      
Operating income338
 339
 683
 663
 284
 333
 531
 672
       
  
      
Other income (expense):       
  
      
Interest expense(95) (95) (190) (190) (96) (95) (192) (190)
Allowance for borrowed funds4
 4
 8
 8
 4
 4
 8
 8
Allowance for equity funds7
 7
 14
 14
 8
 7
 15
 14
Other, net4
 3
 7
 6
 11
 9
 22
 18
Total other income (expense)(80) (81) (161) (162) (73) (75) (147) (150)
       
  
      
Income before income tax expense258
 258
 522
 501
 211
 258
 384
 522
Income tax expense83
 82
 168
 160
 27
 83
 52
 168
Net income$175
 $176
 $354
 $341
 $184
 $175
 $332
 $354

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



PACIFICORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

         Accumulated           Accumulated  
     Additional   Other Total     Additional   Other Total
 Preferred Common Paid-in Retained Comprehensive Shareholders' Preferred Common Paid-in Retained Comprehensive Shareholders'
 Stock Stock Capital Earnings Loss, Net Equity Stock Stock Capital Earnings Loss, Net Equity
                        
Balance, December 31, 2015 $2
 $
 $4,479
 $3,033
 $(11) $7,503
Net income 
 
 
 341
 
 341
Common stock dividends declared 
 
 
 (250) 
 (250)
Balance, June 30, 2016 $2
 $
 $4,479
 $3,124
 $(11) $7,594
  
  
  
  
  
  
Balance, December 31, 2016 $2
 $
 $4,479
 $2,921
 $(12) $7,390
 $2
 $
 $4,479
 $2,921
 $(12) $7,390
Net income 
 
 
 354
 
 354
 
 
 
 354
 
 354
Common stock dividends declared 
 
 
 (200) 
 (200) 
 
 
 (200) 
 (200)
Balance, June 30, 2017 $2
 $
 $4,479
 $3,075
 $(12) $7,544
 $2
 $
 $4,479
 $3,075
 $(12) $7,544
  
  
  
  
  
  
Balance, December 31, 2017 $2
 $
 $4,479
 $3,089
 $(15) $7,555
Net income 
 
 
 332
 
 332
Common stock dividends declared 
 
 
 (350) 
 (350)
Balance, June 30, 2018 $2
 $
 $4,479
 $3,071
 $(15) $7,537

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



PACIFICORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

 Six-Month PeriodsSix-Month Periods
 Ended June 30,Ended June 30,
 2017 20162018 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:       
Net income $354
 $341
$332
 $354
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities:       
Depreciation and amortization 398
 383
399
 398
Allowance for equity funds (14) (14)(15) (14)
Changes in regulatory assets and liabilities116
 24
Deferred income taxes and amortization of investment tax credits (5) 67
(52) (5)
Changes in regulatory assets and liabilities 24
 53
Other, net 1
 
1
 1
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities:    
   
Accounts receivable and other assets 60
 55
22
 65
Inventories(16) (12)
Derivative collateral, net (4) 7
(3) (4)
Inventories (12) (38)
Income taxes 171
 27
Prepaid expenses11
 10
Accrued property, income and other taxes, net111
 205
Accounts payable and other liabilities 56
 (84)11
 21
Net cash flows from operating activities 1,029
 797
917
 1,043
    
   
Cash flows from investing activities:    
   
Capital expenditures (370) (415)(499) (370)
Other, net 15
 (9)
 1
Net cash flows from investing activities (355) (424)(499) (369)
    
   
Cash flows from financing activities:    
   
Repayments of long-term debt and capital lease obligations (53) (55)(87) (53)
Net repayments of short-term debt (270) (20)
Common stock dividends (200) (250)
Net proceeds from (repayments of) short-term debt28
 (270)
Dividends paid(350) (200)
Other, net (1) (1)(1) (1)
Net cash flows from financing activities (524) (326)(410) (524)
    
   
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 150
 47
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 17
 12
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $167
 $59
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents8
 150
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period29
 33
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period$37
 $183
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



PACIFICORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

(1)
(1)    General

PacifiCorp, which includes PacifiCorp and its subsidiaries, is a United States regulated electric utility company serving retail customers, including residential, commercial, industrial, irrigation and other customers in portions of Utah, Oregon, Wyoming, Washington, Idaho and California. PacifiCorp owns, or has interests in, a number of thermal, hydroelectric, wind-powered and geothermal generating facilities, as well as electric transmission and distribution assets. PacifiCorp also buys and sells electricity on the wholesale market with other utilities, energy marketing companies, financial institutions and other market participants. PacifiCorp is subject to comprehensive state and federal regulation. PacifiCorp's subsidiaries support its electric utility operations by providing coal mining services. PacifiCorp is an indirect subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company ("BHE"), a holding company based in Des Moines, Iowa that owns subsidiaries principally engaged in energy businesses. BHE is a consolidated subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. ("Berkshire Hathaway").

The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and regulations for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. Management believes the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for the fair presentation of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements as of June 30, 20172018 and for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016.2017. The Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income have been omitted as net income equals comprehensive income for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016.2017. The results of operations for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 20162017 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

The preparation of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Actual results may differ from the estimates used in preparing the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in PacifiCorp's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162017 describes the most significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. There have been no significant changes in PacifiCorp's assumptions regarding significant accounting estimates and policies during the six-month period ended June 30, 2017.2018.

(2)    New Accounting Pronouncements
(2)New Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2017,February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2017-07,2016-02, which amendscreates FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 842, "Leases" and supersedes Topic 840 "Leases." This guidance increases transparency and comparability among entities by recording lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. A lessee should recognize in the balance sheet a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee have not significantly changed from previous guidance. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-01 that provides for an optional transition practical expedient allowing companies to not have to evaluate existing land easements if they were not previously accounted for under ASC Topic 840, "Leases." This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. PacifiCorp plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2019 and is currently evaluating the impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.



(3)Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, which amends FASB ASC Subtopic 230-10, "Statement of Cash Flows - Overall." The amendments in this guidance require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. PacifiCorp adopted this guidance January 1, 2018.

Cash equivalents consist of funds invested in money market mutual funds, United States Treasury Bills and other investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. Cash and cash equivalents exclude amounts where availability is restricted by legal requirements, loan agreements or other contractual provisions. A reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows is outlined below and disaggregated by the line items in which they appear on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):
 As of
 June 30, December 31,
 2018 2017
Cash and cash equivalents$22
 $14
Restricted cash included in other current assets13
 13
Restricted cash included in other assets2
 2
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents$37
 $29

Equity Method Investments

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, which amends FASB ASC Topic 230, "Statement of Cash Flows." The amendments in this guidance address the classification of eight specific cash flow issues within the statement of cash flows with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. PacifiCorp adopted this guidance retrospectively effective January 1, 2018 which resulted in the reclassification of certain cash distributions received from equity method investees of $14 million previously recognized within investing cash flows to operating cash flows for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017.

(4)Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment, net consists of the following (in millions):
   As of
   June 30, December 31,
 Depreciable Life 2018 2017
Utility Plant:     
Utility plant in-service5-75 years $28,106
 $27,880
Accumulated depreciation and amortization  (9,613) (9,366)
Utility plant in-service, net  18,493
 18,514
Other non-regulated, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization45 years 11
 11
Plant, net  18,504
 18,525
Construction work-in-progress  788
 678
Property, plant and equipment, net  $19,292
 $19,203



(5)
Regulatory Matters

Retail Regulated Rates

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted on December 22, 2017 ("2017 Tax Reform") enacted significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code, including, among other things, a reduction in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. PacifiCorp has agreed to defer the impact of the tax law change with each of its state regulatory bodies. PacifiCorp proposed reducing customer rates for a portion of the lower annual income tax expense resulting from the decrease in federal tax rates and deferring the remainder to offset other costs as approved by the regulatory bodies. In March 2018, PacifiCorp proposed 1% rate reductions in Utah, Wyoming and Idaho. PacifiCorp proposed the rate reductions to be effective May 1, 2018 in Utah, July 1, 2018 in Wyoming and June 1, 2018 in Idaho. In April 2018, the Utah Public Service Commission ("UPSC") ordered a rate reduction of $61 million, or 3.1%, effective May 1, 2018, through December 31, 2018, based on a preliminary estimate of the revenue requirement impact of 2017 Tax Reform. This credit will likely be adjusted effective January 1, 2019, when the final rates are approved in the next phase of the proceeding later in 2018. PacifiCorp filed a partial settlement with the Wyoming Public Service Commission ("WPSC") in April 2018 that provides a rate reduction of $26 million, or 3.8%, beginning July 1, 2018, with the remaining tax savings to be deferred to offset other costs. In June 2018, the WPSC approved the rate reduction on an interim basis. In May 2018, the Idaho Public Utility Commission ("IPUC") approved an all-party settlement to implement a rate reduction of $8 million, or 3.0%, beginning June 1, 2018, to begin passing back a portion of the tax benefit. The credit may be adjusted following the next phase of the proceeding. In June 2018, PacifiCorp filed reports with the UPSC, WPSC and IPUC with the calculation of the full impact of the tax law change on revenue requirements. These reports will initiate the next phase of the proceedings in these states. As of June 30, 2018, the estimated potential refund liability attributable to lower customer rates enabled by the benefits of tax reform was $88 million.

(6)Recent Financing Transactions

Long-Term Debt

In July 2018, PacifiCorp issued $600 million of its 4.125% First Mortgage Bonds due 2049. PacifiCorp used a portion of the net proceeds to repay all of PacifiCorp's $500 million 5.65% First Mortgage Bonds due July 2018 and intends to use the remaining net proceeds to fund capital expenditures and for general corporate purposes.

Credit Facilities

In April 2018, PacifiCorp amended and restated, its existing $400 million unsecured credit facility expiring June 2020, increasing the lender commitment to $600 million, extending the expiration date to June 2021 and increasing from one to two, the available one-year extension options, subject to lender consent.

In April 2018, PacifiCorp amended and restated, its existing $600 million unsecured credit facility expiring June 2020, extending the expiration date to June 2021 and reducing from two to one, the available one-year extension options, subject to lender consent.

(7)Income Taxes

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

2017 Tax Reform impacts many areas of income tax law. The most material items include the reduction of the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018 and limitations on bonus depreciation for utility property.

In December 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") 118 to assist in the implementation process of 2017 Tax Reform by allowing for calculations to be classified as provisional and subject to remeasurement. There are three different classifications for the accounting: (1) completed, (2) not complete but reasonably estimable or (3) not complete and amounts are not reasonably estimable. PacifiCorp has recorded the impacts of 2017 Tax Reform and believes all the impacts to be complete with the exception of the interpretations of the bonus depreciation rules. PacifiCorp has determined the amounts recorded and the interpretations relating to this item to be provisional and subject to remeasurement during the measurement period upon obtaining the necessary additional information to complete the accounting. PacifiCorp believes its interpretations for bonus depreciation to be reasonable, however, as the guidance is clarified estimates may change. The accounting is estimated to be completed by December 2018. During the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018, PacifiCorp did not make material revisions to its previous calculations.



A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate applicable to income before income tax expense is as follows:
 Three-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
        
Federal statutory income tax rate21 % 35 % 21 % 35 %
State income tax, net of federal income tax benefit4
 3
 4
 3
Federal income tax credits(5) (5) (5) (5)
Effects of ratemaking(4) 1
 (4) 1
Other(3) (2) (2) (2)
Effective income tax rate13 % 32 % 14 % 32 %

Income tax credits relate primarily to production tax credits earned by PacifiCorp’s wind-powered generating facilities. Federal renewable electricity production tax credits are earned as energy from qualifying wind-powered generating facilities is produced and sold and are based on a per-kilowatt hour rate pursuant to the applicable federal income tax law. Wind-powered generating facilities are eligible for the credits for 10 years from the date the qualifying generating facilities are placed in-service.

(8)Employee Benefit Plans

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, which amends FASB ASC Topic 715, "Compensation - Retirement Benefits." The amendments in this guidance require that an employer disaggregate the service cost component from the other components of net benefit cost and report the service cost component in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the statement of operations separately from the service cost component and outside the subtotal of operating income. Additionally, the guidance only allows the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. ThisPacifiCorp adopted this guidance is effectiveJanuary 1, 2018 prospectively for interimthe capitalization of the service cost component in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. This guidance must be adopted retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net benefit cost in the statementConsolidated Statements of operations and prospectively forOperations utilizing the capitalization ofpractical expedient to use the service cost componentamounts previously disclosed in the balance sheet. PacifiCorp plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2018 and is currently evaluating the impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2016,Statements as the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, which amends FASB ASC Subtopic 230-10, “Statementestimation basis for applying the retrospective presentation requirement. As a result, amounts other than the service cost for pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 of Cash Flows - Overall.” The amendments in this guidance require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period$5 million and $11 million, respectively, have been reclassified to Other, net in the totalConsolidated Statements of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted retrospectively. PacifiCorp plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2018 and is currently evaluating the impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.



In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, which amends FASB ASC Topic 230, "Statement of Cash Flows." The amendments in this guidance address the classification of eight specific cash flow issues within the statement of cash flows with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted retrospectively. PacifiCorp plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2018 and does not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, which creates FASB ASC Topic 842, "Leases" and supersedes Topic 840 "Leases." This guidance increases transparency and comparability among entities by recording lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. A lessee should recognize in the balance sheet a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee have not significantly changed from previous guidance. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. PacifiCorp plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2019 and is currently evaluating the impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, which amends FASB ASC Subtopic 825-10, "Financial Instruments - Overall." The amendments in this guidance address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments including a requirement that all investments in equity securities that do not qualify for equity method accounting or result in consolidation of the investee be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption not permitted, and is required to be adopted prospectively by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The impact of this update is immaterial to PacifiCorp's Consolidated Financial Statements.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, which creates FASB ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" and supersedes ASC Topic 605, "Revenue Recognition." The guidance replaces industry-specific guidance and establishes a single five-step model to identify and recognize revenue. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additionally, the guidance requires the entity to disclose further quantitative and qualitative information regarding the nature and amount of revenues arising from contracts with customers, as well as other information about the significant judgments and estimates used in recognizing revenues from contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, which defers the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 one year to interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. During 2016, the FASB issued several ASUs that clarify the implementation guidance for ASU No. 2014-09 but do not change the core principle of the guidance. This guidance may be adopted retrospectively or under a modified retrospective method where the cumulative effect is recognized at the date of initial application. PacifiCorp plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2018 under the modified retrospective method and is currently evaluating the impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. PacifiCorp currently does not expect the timing and amount of revenue currently recognized to be materially different after adoption of the new guidance as a majority of revenue is recognized when PacifiCorp has the right to invoice as it corresponds directly with the value to the customer of PacifiCorp’s performance to date. PacifiCorp's current plan is to quantitatively disaggregate revenue in the required financial statement footnote by customer class and jurisdiction.

(3)    Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment, net consists of the following (in millions):
   As of
   June 30, December 31,
 Depreciable Life 2017 2016
      
Property, plant and equipment in-service5-75 years $27,505
 $27,298
Accumulated depreciation and amortization  (9,074) (8,793)
Net property, plant and equipment in-service  18,431
 18,505
Construction work-in-progress  710
 657
Total property, plant and equipment, net  $19,141
 $19,162



(4)    Recent Financing Transactions

In June 2017, PacifiCorp extended, with lender consent, the maturity date to June 2020 for its $400 million unsecured credit facility by exercising the first of two available one-year extensions.

In June 2017, PacifiCorp terminated its $600 million unsecured credit facility expiring March 2018 and entered into a $600 million unsecured credit facility expiring June 2020 with two one-year extension options subject to lender consent.

These credit facilities, which support PacifiCorp's commercial paper program and certain series of its tax-exempt bond obligations and provide for the issuance of letters of credit, have a variable interest rate based on the Eurodollar rate or a base rate, at PacifiCorp's option, plus a spread that varies based on PacifiCorp's credit ratings for its senior unsecured long-term debt securities. These credit facilities require PacifiCorp's ratio of consolidated debt, including current maturities, to total capitalization not exceed 0.65 to 1.0 as of the last day of each quarter.

(5)    Employee Benefit PlansOperations.

Net periodic benefit costcredit for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans included the following components (in millions):

Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Pension:              
Service cost$
 $1
 $
 $2

 
 
 
Interest cost13
 13
 25
 27
10
 13
 21
 25
Expected return on plan assets(18) (19) (36) (38)(18) (18) (36) (36)
Net amortization3
 9
 7
 17
4
 3
 7
 7
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost$(2) $4
 $(4) $8
Net periodic benefit credit(4) (2) (8) (4)
              
Other postretirement:              
Service cost$
 $
 $1
 $1
1
 
 1
 1
Interest cost4
 4
 7
 8
3
 4
 6
 7
Expected return on plan assets(5) (5) (11) (11)(6) (5) (11) (11)
Net amortization(2) (2) (3) (3)(2) (2) (3) (3)
Net periodic benefit credit$(3) $(3) $(6) $(5)(4) (3) (7) (6)



Amounts other than the service cost for pension and other postretirement benefit plans are recorded in Other, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Employer contributions to the pension and other postretirement benefit plans are expected to be $5$4 million and $- million, respectively, during 20172018. As of June 30, 2017,2018, $2 million and $- million of contributions had been made to the pension and other postretirement benefit plans, respectively.

(6)    Risk Management and Hedging Activities
(9)Risk Management and Hedging Activities

PacifiCorp is exposed to the impact of market fluctuations in commodity prices and interest rates. PacifiCorp is principally exposed to electricity, natural gas, coal and fuel oil commodity price risk as it has an obligation to serve retail customer load in its regulated service territories. PacifiCorp's load and generating facilities represent substantial underlying commodity positions. Exposures to commodity prices consist mainly of variations in the price of fuel required to generate electricity and wholesale electricity that is purchased and sold. Commodity prices are subject to wide price swings as supply and demand are impacted by, among many other unpredictable items, weather, market liquidity, generating facility availability, customer usage, storage, and transmission and transportation constraints. Interest rate risk exists on variable-rate debt and future debt issuances. PacifiCorp does not engage in a material amount of proprietary trading activities.



PacifiCorp has established a risk management process that is designed to identify, assess, manage, mitigate, monitor and report each of the various types of risk involved in its business. To mitigate a portion of its commodity price risk, PacifiCorp uses commodity derivative contracts, which may include forwards, options, swaps and other agreements, to effectively secure future supply or sell future production generally at fixed prices. PacifiCorp manages its interest rate risk by limiting its exposure to variable interest rates primarily through the issuance of fixed-rate long-term debt and by monitoring market changes in interest rates. Additionally, PacifiCorp may from time to time enter into interest rate derivative contracts, such as interest rate swaps or locks, to mitigate PacifiCorp's exposure to interest rate risk. No interest rate derivatives were in place during the periods presented. PacifiCorp does not hedge all of its commodity price and interest rate risks, thereby exposing the unhedged portion to changes in market prices.

There have been no significant changes in PacifiCorp's accounting policies related to derivatives. Refer to Note 710 for additional information on derivative contracts.



The following table, which reflects master netting arrangements and excludes contracts that have been designated as normal under the normal purchases or normal sales exception afforded by GAAP, summarizes the fair value of PacifiCorp's derivative contracts, on a gross basis, and reconciles those amounts to the amounts presented on a net basis on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):
Other   Other Other  Other   Other Other  
Current Other Current Long-term  Current Other Current Long-term  
Assets Assets Liabilities Liabilities TotalAssets Assets Liabilities Liabilities Total
                  
As of June 30, 2017         
As of June 30, 2018         
Not designated as hedging contracts(1):
                  
Commodity assets$9
 $
 $1
 $
 $10
$12
 $1
 $6
 $
 $19
Commodity liabilities(3) 
 (22) (84) (109)(6) 
 (42) (90) (138)
Total6
 
 (21) (84) (99)6
 1
 (36) (90) (119)
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
Total derivatives6
 
 (21) (84) (99)6
 1
 (36) (90) (119)
Cash collateral receivable
 
 15
 58
 73

 
 19
 58
 77
Total derivatives - net basis$6
 $
 $(6) $(26) $(26)$6
 $1
 $(17) $(32) $(42)
                  
As of December 31, 2016         
As of December 31, 2017         
Not designated as hedging contracts(1):
                  
Commodity assets$24
 $2
 $1
 $
 $27
$11
 $1
 $1
 $
 $13
Commodity liabilities(6) 
 (14) (84) (104)(3) 
 (32) (82) (117)
Total18
 2
 (13) (84) (77)8
 1
 (31) (82) (104)
                  
Total derivatives18
 2
 (13) (84) (77)8
 1
 (31) (82) (104)
Cash collateral receivable
 
 10
 59
 69

 
 17
 57
 74
Total derivatives - net basis$18
 $2
 $(3) $(25) $(8)$8
 $1
 $(14) $(25) $(30)

(1)PacifiCorp's commodity derivatives are generally included in rates and as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, a regulatory asset of $95$116 million and $73$101 million, respectively, was recorded related to the net derivative liability of $99$119 million and $77$104 million, respectively.



Not Designated as Hedging Contracts

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of PacifiCorp's net regulatory assets and summarizes the pre-tax gains and losses on commodity derivative contracts recognized in net regulatory assets, as well as amounts reclassified to earnings (in millions):
Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
              
Beginning balance$103
 $144
 $73
 $133
$122
 $103
 $101
 $73
Changes in fair value recognized in net regulatory assets6
 (45) 30
 (19)6
 6
 34
 30
Net gains reclassified to operating revenue1
 2
 13
 10
Net losses reclassified to energy costs(15) (12) (21) (35)
Net (losses) gains reclassified to operating revenue(1) 1
 6
 13
Net losses reclassified to cost of fuel and energy(11) (15) (25) (21)
Ending balance$95
 $89
 $95
 $89
$116
 $95
 $116
 $95



Derivative Contract Volumes

The following table summarizes the net notional amounts of outstanding commodity derivative contracts with fixed price terms that comprise the mark-to-market values as of (in millions):
Unit of June 30, December 31,Unit of June 30, December 31,
Measure 2017 2016Measure 2018 2017
        
Electricity salesMegawatt hours (1) (3)Megawatt hours (6) (9)
Natural gas purchasesDecatherms 85
 84
Decatherms 119
 113
Fuel oil purchasesGallons 5
 11
Gallons 5
 

Credit Risk

PacifiCorp is exposed to counterparty credit risk associated with wholesale energy supply and marketing activities with other utilities, energy marketing companies, financial institutions and other market participants. Credit risk may be concentrated to the extent PacifiCorp's counterparties have similar economic, industry or other characteristics and due to direct or indirect relationships among the counterparties. Before entering into a transaction, PacifiCorp analyzes the financial condition of each significant wholesale counterparty, establishes limits on the amount of unsecured credit to be extended to each counterparty and evaluates the appropriateness of unsecured credit limits on an ongoing basis. To further mitigate wholesale counterparty credit risk, PacifiCorp enters into netting and collateral arrangements that may include margining and cross-product netting agreements and obtains third-party guarantees, letters of credit and cash deposits. If required, PacifiCorp exercises rights under these arrangements, including calling on the counterparty's credit support arrangement.

Collateral and Contingent Features

In accordance with industry practice, certain wholesale derivative contracts contain credit support provisions that in part base certain collateral requirements on credit ratings for senior unsecured debt as reported by one or more of the three recognized credit rating agencies. These derivative contracts may either specifically provide bilateral rights to demand cash or other security if credit exposures on a net basis exceed specified rating-dependent threshold levels ("credit-risk-related contingent features") or provide the right for counterparties to demand "adequate assurance," or in some cases terminate the contract, in the event of a material adverse change in PacifiCorp's creditworthiness. These rights can vary by contract and by counterparty. As of June 30, 2017,2018, PacifiCorp's credit ratings from the three recognized credit rating agencies were investment grade.

The aggregate fair value of PacifiCorp's derivative contracts in liability positions with specific credit-risk-related contingent features totaled $102$128 million and $97$110 million as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively, for which PacifiCorp had posted collateral of $73$77 million and $69$74 million, respectively, in the form of cash deposits. If all credit-risk-related contingent features for derivative contracts in liability positions had been triggered as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, PacifiCorp would have been required to post $26$41 million and $22$34 million, respectively, of additional collateral. PacifiCorp's collateral requirements could fluctuate considerably due to market price volatility, changes in credit ratings, changes in legislation or regulation, or other factors.



(7)    Fair Value Measurements
(10)Fair Value Measurements

The carrying value of PacifiCorp's cash, certain cash equivalents, receivables, payables, accrued liabilities and short-term borrowings approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. PacifiCorp has various financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on the Consolidated Financial Statements using inputs from the three levels of the fair value hierarchy. A financial asset or liability classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels are as follows:

Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that PacifiCorp has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 - Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs).

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs reflect PacifiCorp's judgments about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability since limited market data exists. PacifiCorp develops these inputs based on the best information available, including its own data.
 
The following table presents PacifiCorp's financial assets and liabilities recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in millions):
 Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements     Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements    
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Other(1) 
 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Other(1) 
 Total
As of June 30, 2017          
As of June 30, 2018          
Assets:                    
Commodity derivatives $
 $10
 $
 $(4) $6
 $
 $19
 $
 $(12) $7
Money market mutual funds(2)
 167
 
 
 
 167
 21
 
 
 
 21
Investment funds 19
 
 
 
 19
 25
 
 
 
 25
 $186
 $10
 $
 $(4) $192
 $46
 $19
 $
 $(12) $53
                    
Liabilities - Commodity derivatives $
 $(109) $
 $77
 $(32) $
 $(138) $
 $89
 $(49)
                    
As of December 31, 2016          
As of December 31, 2017          
Assets:                    
Commodity derivatives $
 $27
 $
 $(7) $20
 $
 $13
 $
 $(4) $9
Money market mutual funds(2)
 13
 
 
 
 13
 21
 
 
 
 21
Investment funds 17
 
 
 
 17
 21
 
 
 
 21
 $30
 $27
 $
 $(7) $50
 $42
 $13
 $
 $(4) $51
                    
Liabilities - Commodity derivatives $
 $(104) $
 $76
 $(28) $
 $(117) $
 $78
 $(39)

(1)Represents netting under master netting arrangements and a net cash collateral receivable of $73$77 million and $69$74 million as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively.

(2)Amounts are included in cash and cash equivalents, other current assets and other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of these money market mutual funds approximates cost.



Derivative contracts are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either assets or liabilities and are stated at estimated fair value unless they are designated as normal purchases or normal sales and qualify for the exception afforded by GAAP. When available, the fair value of derivative contracts is estimated using unadjusted quoted prices for identical contracts in the market in which PacifiCorp transacts. When quoted prices for identical contracts are not available, PacifiCorp uses forward price curves. Forward price curves represent PacifiCorp's estimates of the prices at which a buyer or seller could contract today for delivery or settlement at future dates. PacifiCorp bases its forward price curves upon market price quotations, when available, or internally developed and commercial models, with internal and external fundamental data inputs. Market price quotations are obtained from independent energy brokers, exchanges, direct communication with market participants and actual transactions executed by PacifiCorp. Market price quotations for certain major electricity and natural gas trading hubs are generally readily obtainable for the first six years; therefore, PacifiCorp's forward price curves for those locations and periods reflect observable market quotes. Market price quotations for other electricity and natural gas trading hubs are not as readily obtainable for the first six years. Given that limited market data exists for these contracts, as well as for those contracts that are not actively traded, PacifiCorp uses forward price curves derived from internal models based on perceived pricing relationships to major trading hubs that are based on unobservable inputs. The estimated fair value of these derivative contracts is a function of underlying forward commodity prices, interest rates, currency rates, related volatility, counterparty creditworthiness and duration of contracts. Refer to Note 69 for further discussion regarding PacifiCorp's risk management and hedging activities.

PacifiCorp's investments in money market mutual funds and investment funds are stated at fair value and are primarily accounted for as available-for-sale securities.value. When available, PacifiCorp uses a readily observable quoted market price or net asset value of an identical security in an active market to record the fair value. In the absence of a quoted market price or net asset value of an identical security, the fair value is determined using pricing models or net asset values based on observable market inputs and quoted market prices of securities with similar characteristics.

PacifiCorp's long-term debt is carried at cost on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of PacifiCorp's long-term debt is a Level 2 fair value measurement and has been estimated based upon quoted market prices, where available, or at the present value of future cash flows discounted at rates consistent with comparable maturities with similar credit risks. The carrying value of PacifiCorp's variable-rate long-term debt approximates fair value because of the frequent repricing of these instruments at market rates. The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of PacifiCorp's long-term debt (in millions):

  As of June 30, 2017 As of December 31, 2016
  Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
  Value Value Value Value
         
Long-term debt $7,004
 $8,260
 $7,052
 $8,204


  As of June 30, 2018 As of December 31, 2017
  Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
  Value Value Value Value
         
Long-term debt $6,920
 $7,849
 $7,005
 $8,370

(8)    
(11)Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

During the six-month period endedJune 30,2018, PacifiCorp entered into non-cancelable agreements totaling $613 million through 2021 for the repowering of certain existing wind facilities in Wyoming and Washington and supply of coal.

Legal Matters

PacifiCorp is party to a variety of legal actions arising out of the normal course of business. Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. PacifiCorp does not believe that such normal and routine litigation will have a material impact on its consolidated financial results.

Environmental Laws and Regulations

PacifiCorp is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations regarding air and water quality, renewable portfolio standards, emissions performance standards, climate change, coal combustion byproduct disposal, hazardous and solid waste disposal, protected species and other environmental matters that have the potential to impact PacifiCorp's current and future operations. PacifiCorp believes it is in material compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.



Hydroelectric Relicensing

PacifiCorp's Klamath hydroelectric system is currently operating under annual licenses with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ("FERC"). In February 2010, PacifiCorp, the United States Department of the Interior, the United States Department of Commerce, the state of California, the state of Oregon and various other governmental and non-governmental settlement parties signed the Klamath Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement ("KHSA"). Among other things, the KHSA provided that that United States Department of the Interior would conduct scientific and engineering studies to assess whether removal of the Klamath hydroelectric system's mainstem dams was in the public interest and would advance restoration of the Klamath Basin's salmonid fisheries. If it was determined that dam removal should proceed, dam removal would begin no earlier than 2020.

Congress failed to pass legislation needed to implement the original KHSA. OnIn April 6, 2016, PacifiCorp,the principal parties to the KHSA (PacifiCorp, the states of California and Oregon and the United States Departments of the Interior and Commerce and other stakeholdersCommerce) executed an amendment to the KHSA. Consistent with the terms of the amended KHSA, onin September 23, 2016, PacifiCorp and the Klamath River Renewal Corporation ("KRRC"), a private, independent nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization formed by certain signatories of the amended KSHA, jointly filed an application with the FERC to transfer the license for the four mainstem Klamath River hydroelectric generating facilities from PacifiCorp to the KRRC. Also onin September 23, 2016, the KRRC filed an application with the FERC to surrender the license and decommission the same four facilities. The KRRC's license surrender application included a request for the FERC to refrain from acting on the surrender application until after the transfer of the license to the KRRC is effective. In March 2018, the FERC issued an order splitting the existing license for the Klamath Project into two licenses: the Klamath Project (P‑2082) contains East Side, West Side, Keno and Fall Creek developments; the new Lower Klamath Project (P‑14803) contains J.C. Boyle, Copco No. 1, Copco No. 2 and Iron Gate developments. In the same order, the FERC deferred consideration of the transfer of the license for the Lower Klamath facilities from PacifiCorp to the KRRC until some point in the future. PacifiCorp is currently the licensee for both the Klamath Project and Lower Klamath Project facilities and will retain ownership of the Klamath Project facilities after the approval and transfer of the Lower Klamath Project facilities. In April 2018, PacifiCorp filed a motion to stay the effective date of the license amendment until transfer is approved. In June 2018, the FERC granted PacifiCorp’s motion to stay the effective date of the Lower Klamath Project license and all related compliance obligations, pending a Commission order on the license transfer. Meanwhile, the FERC continues to assess the KRRC’s capacity to become a project licensee for purposes of dam removal.

Under the amended KHSA, PacifiCorp and its customers are protected from uncapped dam removal costs and liabilities. The KRRC must indemnify PacifiCorp from liabilities associated with dam removal. The amended KHSA also limits PacifiCorp's contribution to facilities removal costs to no more than $200 million, of which up to $184 million would be collected from PacifiCorp's Oregon customers with the remainder to be collected from PacifiCorp's California customers. California voters approved a water bond measure in November 2014 from which the state of California's contribution toward facilities removal costs are being drawn. In accordance with this bond measure, additional funding of up to $250 million for facilities removal costs was included in the California state budget in 2016, with the funding effective for at least five years. If facilities removal costs exceed the combined funding that will be available from PacifiCorp's Oregon and California customers and the state of California, sufficient funds would need to be provided by the KRRC or an entity other than PacifiCorp for removal to proceed.

If certain conditions in the amended KHSA are not satisfied and the license does not transfer to the KRRC, PacifiCorp will resume relicensing with the FERC.

Guarantees

PacifiCorp has entered into guarantees as part of the normal course of business and the sale of certain assets. These guarantees are not expected to have a material impact on PacifiCorp's consolidated financial results.



(12)Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Adoption

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, which created FASB ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("ASC 606") and superseded ASC Topic 605, "Revenue Recognition." The guidance replaced industry-specific guidance and established a single five-step model to identify and recognize revenue from contracts with customers ("Customer Revenue"). The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Following the issuance of ASU No. 2014-09, the FASB issued several ASUs that clarified the implementation guidance for ASU No. 2014-09 but did not change the core principle of the guidance. PacifiCorp adopted this guidance for all applicable contracts as of January 1, 2018 under a modified retrospective method. The adoption did not have a cumulative effect impact at the date of initial adoption.

Customer Revenue

PacifiCorp recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. PacifiCorp records sales, franchise and excise taxes collected directly from customers and remitted directly to the taxing authorities on a net basis on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Substantially all of PacifiCorp's Customer Revenue is derived from tariff based sales arrangements approved by various regulatory bodies. These tariff based revenues are mainly comprised of energy, transmission and distribution and have performance obligations to deliver energy products and services to customers which are satisfied over time as energy is delivered or services are provided. Other revenue consists primarily of revenue recognized in accordance with ASC 815, "Derivatives and Hedging."

Revenue recognized is equal to what PacifiCorp has the right to invoice as it corresponds directly with the value to the customer of PacifiCorp's performance to date and includes billed and unbilled amounts. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, accounts receivable from contracts with customers, net of allowance for doubtful accounts was $614 million and $635 million, respectively, including unbilled revenue of $271 million and $255 million, respectively, and was included in accounts receivables, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Payments for amounts billed are generally due from the customer within 30 days of billing. Rates charged for energy products and services are established by regulators or contractual arrangements that establish the transaction price as well as the allocation of price amongst the separate performance obligations. When preliminary regulated rates are permitted to be billed prior to final approval by the applicable regulator, certain revenue collected may be subject to refund and a liability for estimated refunds is accrued.

The following table summarizes PacifiCorp's revenue by regulated energy, with further disaggregation of regulated energy by customer class, for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 (in millions):
 Three-Month Period Six-Month Period
 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
 2018 2018
Customer Revenue:   
Retail:   
Residential$365
 $806
Commercial369
 711
Industrial288
 557
Other retail73
 98
Total retail1,095
 2,172
Wholesale9
 31
Transmission30
 52
Other Customer Revenue20
 39
Total Customer Revenue1,154
 2,294
Other revenue39
 83
Total operating revenue$1,193
 $2,377



Contract Assets and Liabilities

In the event one of the parties to a contract has performed before the other, PacifiCorp would recognize a contract asset or contract liability depending on the relationship between the PacifiCorp's performance and the customer's payment. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no material contract assets or contract liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018, there was no material revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period or from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods.

(9)     Related Party Transactions
(13)Related Party Transactions

Berkshire Hathaway includes BHE and its subsidiaries in its United States federal income tax return. Consistent with established regulatory practice, PacifiCorp's provision for federal and state income taxestax has been computed on a stand-alone basis, and substantially all of its
currently payable or receivable income taxes aretax is remitted to or received from BHE. For the six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, PacifiCorp made net cash payments for federal and state income taxestax to BHE totaling $3$32 million and $65$3 million, respectively.



Item 2.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is management's discussion and analysis of certain significant factors that have affected the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of PacifiCorp during the periods included herein. Explanations include management's best estimate of the impact of weather, customer growth and other factors. This discussion should be read in conjunction with PacifiCorp's historical unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10‑Q. PacifiCorp's actual results in the future could differ significantly from the historical results.

Results of Operations for the Second Quarter and First Six Months of 20172018 and 20162017

Overview

Net income for the second quarter of 20172018 was $175$184 million, a decreasean increase of $1$9 million, or 1%5%, compared to 2016.2017. Net income decreasedincreased primarily due to highera decrease in income tax expense of $56 million from lower federal tax rates due to the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted on December 22, 2017 ("2017 Tax Reform") and lower depreciation and amortization of $9$5 million, partially offset by lower operationsutility margins of $55 million. Utility margins decreased due to lower retail revenue of $67 million from lower average retail rates, including $53 million of refund accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform, and maintenance expenses of $7 millionlower volumes, higher purchased electricity costs from higher prices and volumes, and higher margins of $3 million. Margins increased due tonatural gas costs from higher retail customer volumes, lower natural gas-fueled generation, higher wheeling revenue, andpartially offset by higher wholesale revenue from higher volumes and short-term market prices and lower coal costs, primarily from lower coal volumes. Retail volumes decreased 1.2% due to lower industrial usage primarily in Utah and Washington, lower residential usage across the entire service area, lower commercial usage primarily in Utah and the impacts of weather on residential customers primarily in Oregon and Utah, partially offset by lower average retail rates, higher purchased electricity costs from higher volumes and prices and higher coal costs. Retail customer volumes increased 2.4% due to higher commercial and industrial usage and an increase in the average number of residentialcommercial and commercialresidential customers primarily in Utah and Oregon, higher industrial customer usage in Wyoming and higher irrigation usage primarily in Idaho and Utah. Energy generated decreased 1%3% for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to lower natural gas-fueledhydroelectric and coal-fueled generation, partially offset by higher hydroelectricnatural gas-fueled and coalwind-powered generation. Wholesale electricity sales volumes increased 25%26% and purchased electricity volumes increased 16%11%.

Net income for the first six months of 20172018 was $354$332 million, an increasea decrease of $13$22 million, or 4%6%, compared to 2016.2017. Net income increaseddecreased primarily due to lower utility margins of $144 million, partially offset by lower income tax expense of $116 million from lower federal tax rates due to the impact of 2017 Tax Reform and lower operations and maintenance expenses of $22$6 million. Utility margins decreased due to lower retail revenue of $178 million from lower average retail rates, including $106 million of refund accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform, lower retail volumes, higher purchased electricity from higher market prices and volumes, and higher margins of $18 million,natural gas volumes, partially offset by higher depreciation and amortization of $15 million and higher property taxes of $3 million. Margins increased due to higher retail customer volumes, lower natural gas-fueled generation, higher wholesale revenue, primarily from higher volumes, lower coal costs from lower coal volumes, and short-term market prices, lower purchased electricity prices and higher wheeling revenue, partially offset by higher purchased electricity volumes, lower average retail rates and higher coal costs.gas prices. Retail customer volumes increased 2.6%decreased 2.3% due to the impacts of weather on residential and commercial customers primarily in Oregon, Utah and Washington, higherlower industrial usage primarily in Utah, Oregon and Idaho, higherWashington, lower residential usage primarily in Washington, Wyoming and Oregon and lower commercial usage across the service territory andprimarily in Utah, partially offset by an increase in the average number of commercial and residential customers primarily in Utah and Oregon, and commercial customers in Utah, partially offset by lower residentialhigher industrial usage in UtahWyoming and Oregon.Idaho, and higher irrigation usage primarily in Idaho and Utah. Energy generated decreased 3%2% for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to lower natural gas-fueledhydroelectric and coal-fueled generation, partially offset by higher hydroelectricnatural gas-fueled and coalwind-powered and generation. Wholesale electricity sales volumes increased 1%38% and purchased electricity volumes increased 21%12%.

OperatingNon-GAAP Financial Measure

Management utilizes various key financial measures that are prepared in accordance with GAAP, as well as non-GAAP financial measures such as, Utility Margin, to help evaluate results of operations. Utility Margin is calculated as operating revenue less cost of fuel and energy, costswhich are captions presented on the key driversConsolidated Statements of PacifiCorp's resultsOperations.

PacifiCorp’s cost of operationsfuel and energy is directly recovered from its customers through regulatory recovery mechanisms and as they encompass retaila result, changes in PacifiCorp’s revenue are comparable to changes in such expenses. As such, management believes Utility Margin more appropriately and wholesale electricity revenue and the direct costs associated with providing electricity to customers. PacifiCorp believes thatconcisely explain profitability rather than a discussion of grossrevenue and cost of fuel and energy separately. Management believes the presentation of Utility Margin provides meaningful and valuable insight into the information management considers important to running the business and a measure of comparability to others in the industry.


Utility Margin is not a measure calculated in accordance with GAAP and should be viewed as a supplement to and not a substitute for operating income which is the most comparable financial measure prepared in accordance with GAAP. The following table provides a reconciliation of utility margin representingto operating revenue less energy costs, is therefore meaningful.income (in millions):
 Second Quarter First Six Months
 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
Utility margin:             
Operating revenue$1,193
 $1,245
 $(52)(4)% $2,377
 2,526
 $(149)(6)%
Cost of fuel and energy402
 399
 3
1
 835
 840
 (5)(1)
Utility margin791
 846
 (55)(7) 1,542
 1,686
 (144)(9)
Operations and maintenance261
 263
 (2)(1) 511
 517
 (6)(1)
Depreciation and amortization197
 202
 (5)(2) 399
 398
 1

Property and other taxes49
 48
 1
2
 101
 99
 2
2
Operating income$284
 $333
 $(49)(15) $531
 $672
 $(141)(21)



A comparison of PacifiCorp's key operating results is as follows:

Second Quarter First Six MonthsSecond Quarter First Six Months
2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
Gross margin (in millions):               
Utility margin (in millions):               
Operating revenue$1,245
 $1,233
 $12
 1 % $2,526
 $2,485
 $41
 2 %$1,193
 $1,245
 $(52) (4)% $2,377
 $2,526
 $(149) (6)%
Energy costs399
 390
 9
 2 % 840
 817
 23
 3 %
Gross margin$846
 $843
 $3
  % $1,686
 $1,668
 $18
 1 %
Cost of fuel and energy402
 399
 3
 1
 835
 840
 (5) (1)
Utility margin$791
 $846
 $(55) (7) $1,542
 $1,686
 $(144) (9)
                              
Sales (GWh):                              
Residential3,577
 3,502
 75
 2 % 8,038
 7,762
 276
 4 %3,458
 3,577
 (119) (3)% 7,649
 8,038
 (389) (5)%
Commercial(1)
4,264
 4,141
 123
 3 % 8,520
 8,319
 201
 2 %4,291
 4,264
 27
 1
 8,589
 8,520
 69
 1
Industrial, irrigation and other(1)
5,425
 5,309
 116
 2 % 10,378
 10,165
 213
 2 %5,360
 5,425
 (65) (1) 10,066
 10,378
 (312) (3)
Total retail13,266
 12,952
 314
 2 % 26,936
 26,246
 690
 3 %13,109
 13,266
 (157) (1) 26,304
 26,936
 (632) (2)
Wholesale1,362
 1,086
 276
 25 % 3,012
 2,980
 32
 1 %1,713
 1,362
 351
 26
 4,161
 3,012
 1,149
 38
Total sales14,628
 14,038
 590
 4 % 29,948
 29,226
 722
 2 %14,822
 14,628
 194
 1
 30,465
 29,948
 517
 2
                              
Average number of retail customers                              
(in thousands)1,864
 1,837
 27
 1 % 1,861
 1,835
 26
 1 %1,895
 1,864
 31
 2 % 1,893
 1,861
 32
 2 %
                              
Average revenue per MWh:                              
Retail$87.65
 $89.96
 $(2.31) (3)% $87.22
 $88.96
 $(1.74) (2)%$83.58
 $87.65
 $(4.07) (5)% $82.56
 $87.22
 $(4.66) (5)%
Wholesale$23.99
 $22.89
 $1.10
 5 % $29.92
 $23.93
 $5.99
 25 %$27.19
 $23.99
 $3.20
 13 % $27.03
 $29.92
 $(2.89) (10)%
                              
Heating degree days1,410
 1,052
 358
 34 % 6,168
 5,490
 678
 12 %1,111
 1,410
 (299) (21)% 5,447
 6,168
 (721) (12)%
Cooling degree days536
 557
 (21) (4)% 538
 557
 (19) (3)%448
 536
 (88) (16)% 448
 538
 (90) (17)%
                              
Sources of energy (GWh)(2):
               
Sources of energy (GWh)(1):
               
Coal7,516
 7,130
 386
 5 % 16,356
 15,862
 494
 3 %7,079
 7,516
 (437) (6)% 15,721
 16,356
 (635) (4)%
Natural gas1,323
 2,573
 (1,250) (49)% 3,161
 4,899
 (1,738) (35)%1,981
 1,323
 658
 50
 3,929
 3,161
 768
 24
Hydroelectric(3)(2)
1,578
 887
 691
 78 % 2,957
 2,231
 726
 33 %1,037
 1,578
 (541) (34) 2,173
 2,957
 (784) (27)
Wind and other(3)(2)
690
 681
 9
 1 % 1,570
 1,690
 (120) (7)%715
 690
 25
 4
 1,784
 1,570
 214
 14
Total energy generated11,107
 11,271
 (164) (1)% 24,044
 24,682
 (638) (3)%10,812
 11,107
 (295) (3) 23,607
 24,044
 (437) (2)
Energy purchased4,237
 3,663
 574
 16 % 7,822
 6,489
 1,333
 21 %4,718
 4,237
 481
 11
 8,773
 7,822
 951
 12
Total15,344
 14,934
 410
 3 % 31,866
 31,171
 695
 2 %15,530
 15,344
 186
 1
 32,380
 31,866
 514
 2
                              
Average cost of energy per MWh:                              
Energy generated(4)(3)
$18.22
 $19.18
 (0.96) (5)% $18.80
 $18.48
 $0.32
 2 %$18.82
 $18.22
 $0.60
 3 % $18.64
 $18.80
 $(0.16) (1)%
Energy purchased$34.50
 $34.18
 0.32
 1 % $37.85
 $40.42
 $(2.57) (6)%$34.07
 $34.50
 $(0.43) (1)% $36.90
 $37.85
 $(0.95) (3)%

(1)Prior period GWh amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation.

(2)GWh amounts are net of energy used by the related generating facilities.

(3)(2)All or some of the renewable energy attributes associated with generation from these generating facilities may be: (a) used in future years to comply with RPS or other regulatory requirements or (b) sold to third parties in the form of RECs or other environmental commodities.

(4)(3)The average cost per MWh of energy generated includes only the cost of fuel associated with the generating facilities.



GrossUtility margin increased $3decreased $55 million, or 7%, for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to:

$28 million of higher retail revenues due to increased customer volumes of 2.4% due to higher commercial and industrial customer usage and an increase in the average number of residential and commercial customers in Utah;

$1854 million of lower natural gas costsretail revenue primarily due to lower gas-fueled generation as gas prices were higher in 2017;

$8 millionaverage retail rates, including the impact of lower federal tax rates due to higher wheeling revenue; and

2017 Tax Reform of $53 million;
$8 million of higher wholesale revenue due to higher volumes and higher short-term market prices.

The increases above were partially offset by:

$21 million of lower average retail rates;

$2115 million of higher purchased electricity costs due to higher volumesprices and prices;

volumes;
$1113 million of lower Demand Side Management ("DSM") revenues (offset in operating expenses), primarily driven by the recently implemented Utah Sustainable Transportation and Energy Plan ("STEP") program; and

$4 million of higher coal costs.

Operations and maintenance decreased $7 million, or 3%, for the second quarter of 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to a decrease in DSM amortization expense (offset in revenues) driven by the establishment of the Utah STEP program and a decrease in pension expense primarily due to a current year plan change. These decreases were partially offset by higher injury and damage expenses, primarily due to a prior year accrual for insurance proceeds and current year settlements, and higher labor costs related to storm damage restoration.

Depreciation and amortization increased $9 million, or 5%, for the second quarter of 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to higher plant-in-service.





Gross margin increased $18 million, or 1%, for the first six months of 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to:

$64 million of higher retail revenues due to increased customerdecreased volumes of 2.6% from1.2% due to lower industrial usage primarily in Utah and Washington, the impacts of weather on residential customers primarily in Oregon and Washington, higher industrialUtah, lower residential usage across the entire service area and lower commercial usage primarily in Utah, and Idaho, higher commercial usage across the service territory, andpartially offset by an increase in the average number of commercial and residential customers primarily in Utah and Oregon, higher industrial usage in Wyoming and commercial customershigher irrigation usage primarily in Utah,Idaho and Utah; and
$6 million of higher natural gas costs due to higher volumes partially offset by lower residential usage in Utah and Oregon;prices.

$21 million of lower natural gas costs primarily due to lower gas-fueled generation due to higher gas prices in 2017;

The decreases above were partially offset by:
$1914 million of higher wholesale revenue due tofrom higher volumes and higher short-term marketaverage prices;

$16 million of lower average purchased electricity prices;

$9 million due to higher wheeling revenue; and

$714 million of higher net deferrals of incurred net power costs in accordance with established adjustment mechanisms.mechanisms; and
$5 million of lower coal costs primarily due to lower volumes partially offset by higher prices.

Operations and maintenance decreased $2 million, or 1%, for the second quarter of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to lower salary and benefits expense.

Depreciation and amortization decreased $5 million, or 2%, for the second quarter of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to an adjustment to the Oregon accelerated depreciation reserve based on the Oregon allocation factor in 2018, partially offset by increased assets placed in service in the current quarter.

Income tax expense decreased $56 million, or 67%, for the second quarter of 2018 compared to 2017. The effective tax rate was 13% for 2018 and 32% for 2017. The effective tax rate decreased primarily as a result of the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018, and the amortization of the excess deferred income taxes resulting from the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. 

Utility margin decreased $144 million, or 9%, for the first six months of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to:

$125 million of lower retail revenue from lower prices, including the impact of lower federal tax rates due to 2017 Tax Reform of $106 million;
$53 million of lower retail revenue from lower retail customer volumes. Retail volumes decreased 2.3% due to impacts of weather on residential and commercial customers primarily in Oregon, Washington, and Utah, lower industrial usage primarily in Utah and Oregon, lower residential usage primarily in Washington, Oregon, and Wyoming, and lower commercial usage in Oregon, partially offset by an increase in the average number of commercial and residential customers in Utah and Oregon, higher commercial and residential usage, primarily in Utah;
$28 million of higher purchased electricity costs due to higher prices and volumes; and
$3 million of higher natural gas costs due to higher volumes, offset by lower prices.

The increasesdecreases above were partially offset by:

$5023 million of higher purchased electricity volumes;

net deferrals of incurred net power costs in accordance with established adjustment mechanisms;
$2622 million of higher wholesale revenue from higher volumes, offset by lower average retail rates;

prices; and
$2315 million of lower DSM revenues (offset in operating expenses), primarily driven by the recently implemented Utah STEP program; and

$17 million of higher coal costs primarily due to higherlower volumes.

Operations and maintenance decreased $22$6 million, or 4%1%, for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to a decrease in DSM amortization expense (offset in revenues) driven by the establishment of the Utah STEP program,lower salary and a decrease in pension expense primarily due to a current year plan change. These decreases were partially offset by higher injury and damage expenses, primarily due to a prior year accrual for insurance proceeds and current year settlements, and higher labor costs related to storm damage restoration.benefits expense.



Depreciation and amortizationIncome tax expense increased $15decreased $116 million, or 4%69%, for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 2016 primarily due to higher plant-in-service.

Taxes, other than income taxes increased $5 million, or 5% for the first six months of 2017 compared to 2016 due to higher assessed property values.

Income tax expense increased $8 million, or 5%, for the first six months of 2017 compared to 2016 and the2017. The effective tax rate was 14% for 2018 and 32% for 20172017. The effective tax rate decreased primarily as a result of the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018, and 2016.the amortization of the excess deferred income taxes resulting from the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. 



Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
As of June 30, 2017,2018, PacifiCorp's total net liquidity was as follows (in millions):
Cash and cash equivalents $167
 $22
    
Credit facilities 1,000
 1,200
Less:    
Short-term debt 
 (108)
Tax-exempt bond support (92) (89)
Net credit facilities 908
 1,003
    
Total net liquidity $1,075
 $1,025
    
Credit facilities:    
Maturity dates 2020
 2021
Operating Activities

Net cash flows from operating activities for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 were $1,029$917 million and $797$1,043 million, respectively. The change was primarily due to the payment for USA Power final judgment and post-judgment interest in the priorlower current year higher receiptscollections from wholesale and retail customers, higher current year purchased power costs and prior year higher cash payments for income taxes,tax paid, partially offset by increasesa current year decrease in payroll payments for purchased power.due to timing and higher current year collections from wholesale customers.

In December 2015,2017 Tax Reform reduced the Protecting Americansfederal corporate tax rate from Tax Hikes Act of 2015 ("PATH") was signed into law, extending bonus depreciation for qualifying property acquired and placed in-service before35% to 21% effective January 1, 2020 (bonus depreciation rates will be 50% in 2015-2017, 40% in 2018, and 30% in 2019), with an additional year for certain longer lived assets. As a result of PATH, PacifiCorp's cash flows from operations are expected to benefit due toeliminated bonus depreciation on qualifying regulated utility assets placed in-serviceacquired after September 27, 2017. PacifiCorp anticipates passing the benefits of lower tax expense to customers through 2019.

regulatory mechanisms. PacifiCorp expects lower revenue and income tax as well as lower bonus depreciation benefits as a result of 2017 Tax Reform and related regulatory treatment. PacifiCorp does not expect 2017 Tax Reform and related regulatory treatment to have a material adverse impact on its cash flows, subject to actual regulatory outcomes, which will be determined based on rulings by regulatory commissions expected in 2018. The timing of PacifiCorp's income tax cash flows from period to period can be significantly affected by the estimated federal income tax payment methods and assumptions for each payment date.

Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") rules provide for re-establishment of the production tax credit for an existing wind-powered generating facility upon the replacement of a significant portion of its components. Such component replacement is commonly referred to as repowering. If the degree of component replacement in such projects meets IRS guidelines, production tax credits are re-established for ten years at rates that depend upon the date in which construction begins. PacifiCorp’s current repowering projects are expected to earn production tax credits at 100% of the value of such credits.

Investing Activities

Net cash flows from investing activities for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 were $(355)$(499) million and $(424)$(369) million, respectively. The change reflectsis primarily the result of a current year decreaseincrease in capital expenditures of $45 million and current year distributions from an affiliate of $16 million compared to prior year contributions to an affiliate of $9$129 million. Refer to "Future Uses of Cash" for discussion of capital expenditures.

Financing Activities

Net cash flows from financing activities for the six-month period ended June 30, 2018 was $(410) million. Uses of cash consisted substantially of $350 million for common stock dividends paid to PPW Holdings LLC and $86 million for the repayment of long-term debt, offset by $28 million net proceeds from short-term debt.



Net cash flows from financing activities for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017 was $(524) million. Uses of cash consisted substantially of $270 million for the repayment of short-term debt, $200 million for common stock dividends paid to PPW Holdings LLC and $50 million for the repayment of long-term debt.

Net cash flows from financing activities for the six-month period ended June 30, 2016 was $(326) million. Uses of cash consisted substantially of $250 million for common stock dividends paid to PPW Holdings LLC, $54 million for the repayment of long-term debt and $20 million for the repayment of short-term debt.
    
Short-term Debt

Regulatory authorities limit PacifiCorp to $1.5 billion of short-term debt. As of June 30, 2017,2018, PacifiCorp had no short-term debt outstanding. As of December 31, 2016, PacifiCorp had $270$108 million of short-term debt outstanding at a weighted average interest rate of 0.96%2.15%.


As of December 31, 2017, PacifiCorp had $80 million of short-term debt outstanding at a weighted average interest rate of 1.83%.

Long-term Debt
 
In July 2018, PacifiCorp issued $600 million of its 4.125% First Mortgage Bonds due January 2049. PacifiCorp used a portion of the net proceeds to repay all of PacifiCorp's $500 million 5.65% First Mortgage Bonds due July 2018 and intends to use the remaining net proceeds to fund capital expenditures and for general corporate purposes.

PacifiCorp currently has regulatory authority from the OPUC and the IPUC to issue an additional $1.325 billion$725 million of long-term debt. PacifiCorp must make a notice filing with the WUTC prior to any future issuance.

As of June 30, 2018, PacifiCorp had $170 million of letters of credit providing credit enhancement and liquidity support for variable-rate tax-exempt bond obligations totaling $168 million plus interest. These letters of credit were fully available as of June 30, 2018 and expire periodically through March 2019.

Future Uses of Cash

PacifiCorp has available a variety of sources of liquidity and capital resources, both internal and external, including net cash flows from operating activities, public and private debt offerings, the issuance of commercial paper, the use of unsecured revolving credit facilities, capital contributions and other sources. These sources are expected to provide funds required for current operations, capital expenditures, debt retirements and other capital requirements. The availability and terms under which PacifiCorp has access to external financing depends on a variety of factors, including PacifiCorp's credit ratings, investors' judgment of risk and conditions in the overall capital markets, including the condition of the utility industry.

Capital Expenditures
 
PacifiCorp has significant future capital requirements. Capital expenditure needs are reviewed regularly by management and may change significantly as a result of these reviews, which may consider, among other factors, impacts to customers' rates; changes in environmental and other rules and regulations; impacts to customers' rates; outcomes of regulatory proceedings; changes in income tax laws; general business conditions; load projections; system reliability standards; the cost and efficiency of construction labor, equipment and materials; commodity prices; and the cost and availability of capital.

Historical and forecast capital expenditures, each of which exclude amounts for non-cash equity AFUDC and other non-cash items, are as follows (in millions):
Six-Month Periods AnnualSix-Month Periods Annual
Ended June 30, ForecastEnded June 30, Forecast
2016 2017 20172017 2018 2018
          
Transmission system investment$48
 $49
 $122
$49
 $23
 $71
Environmental26
 11
 34
Wind investment
 5
 20
5
 55
 412
Advanced meter infrastructure14
 29
 78
Operating and other341
 305
 649
302
 392
 637
Total$415
 $370
 $825
$370
 $499
 $1,198



PacifiCorp's historical and forecast capital expenditures include the following:

Transmission system investment primarily reflects main grid reinforcement costs and initial costs for the 140-mile 500 kV Aeolus-Bridger/Anticline transmission line, a major segment of PacifiCorp’sPacifiCorp's Energy Gateway Transmission expansion program expected to be placed in-service in 2020. Planned spending for the Aeolus-Bridger/Anticline line totals $21$40 million in 2017.2018.

Environmental includes the installationConstruction of new or the replacement of existing emissions control equipment at certainwind-powered generating facilities including installation or upgradeat PacifiCorp totaling $2 million for each of selective catalytic reduction control systemsthe six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and low nitrogen oxide burners to reduce nitrogen oxides, particulate matter control systems, sulfur dioxide emissions control systems and mercury emissions control systems, as well as expenditures for the management of coal combustion residuals.

Wind investment includes initial2017. PacifiCorp anticipates costs for these activities will total an additional $63 million for 2018. The new wind plant construction projects and repowering of certain existing wind plants.wind-powered generating facilities are expected to be placed in-service in 2020. The repowering projects entail the replacement of significant components of older turbines. Planned spending for the repowering totals $10 million in 2017 and forenergy production from the new wind-powered generating facilities totals $10is expected to qualify for 100% of the federal production tax credits available for ten years once the equipment is placed in-service.

Repowering certain existing wind-powered generating facilities at PacifiCorp totaling $53 million in 2017.and $3 million for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. PacifiCorp anticipates costs for these activities will total an additional $294 million for 2018. The repowering projects are expected to be placed in-service at various dates in 2019 and 2020. The new wind-powered generating facilities are also expected to be placed in-service in 2019 and 2020. The energy production from thesuch repowered and new wind-powered generating facilities is expected to qualify for 100% of the federal renewable electricity production tax creditcredits available for 10ten years once the equipment is placed in-service.following each facility's return to service.


Advanced meter infrastructure ("AMI") includes costs for customer meter replacements and installation of infrastructure and systems to implement smart meter features that improve customers’ energy management capabilities and reduce company meter-related costs. AMI projects are in progress or planned in Oregon, California, Utah and Idaho in 2018.

Remaining investments relate to operating projects that consist of routine expenditures for generation, transmission, distribution and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand, including upgrades to customer meters in Oregon and Idaho.demand.

Integrated Resource Plan

In April 2017, PacifiCorp filed its 2017 Integrated Resource Plan ("IRP") with its state commissions. The IRP, which includes the Energy Vision 2020 project in the preferred portfolio, includes investments in renewable energy resources, upgrades to the existing wind fleet, and energy efficiency measures to meet future customer needs. Implementation of wind upgrades, new transmission,The OPUC acknowledged PacifiCorp's 2017 IRP in December 2017, the UPSC acknowledged the 2017 IRP in March 2018, the IPUC acknowledged the 2017 IRP in April 2018, and new wind renewable resources will require an estimated $3.5 billionthe WUTC acknowledged the 2017 IRP in capital investment from 2017 through 2020. PacifiCorp's forecast capital expenditures for 2018 through 2019 increased $723 million from the forecast included in PacifiCorp's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K as a result ofMay 2018. PacifiCorp filed its 2017 IRP.IRP Update with its state commissions, except for California, in May 2018.

Request for Proposals

In compliance with the 2017 IRP filed in April 2017, PacifiCorp is preparing to issue itsissues individual Request for Proposals ("RFP"), each of which typically focuses on a specific category of generation resources consistent with the IRP or other customer-driven demands. The IRP and the RFPs provide for the identification and staged procurement of resources to meet load or renewable resources in late August 2017 seeking cost-competitive bids for upportfolio standard requirements. Depending upon the specific RFP, applicable laws and regulations may require PacifiCorp to 1,270 MWfile draft RFPs with the UPSC, the OPUC and the WUTC. Approval by the UPSC, the OPUC or the WUTC may be required depending on the nature of wind energy resources interconnecting with or delivering to PacifiCorp’s Wyoming system.the RFPs.

As required by applicable laws and regulations, PacifiCorp has identified plans to add at least 1,100 MW of new wind resources that will qualify for full federal production tax credits and achieve commercial operation by December 31, 2020, in conjunction with implementation of certain Wyoming transmission infrastructure projects within that same time frame. Thefiled its draft 20172017R RFP was filed with the UPSC in June 2017 and was distributed to partieswith the OPUC in Oregon in JulyAugust 2017. The Utah and the Oregon Independent Evaluators have been selected and approved by the respective commissions. The draft RFP will incorporate comments by parties during August 2017 with approval by the UPSC and the OPUC targeted for the end of Augustapproved PacifiCorp's 2017R RFP in September 2017. The WUTC2017R RFP was notifiedsubsequently released to the market on September 27, 2017. The 2017R RFP sought up to approximately 1,270 MW of the 2017new wind resources that can interconnect to PacifiCorp's transmission system in Wyoming once a proposed high-voltage transmission line is constructed. The 2017R RFP also sought proposals for wind resources located outside of Wyoming capable of delivering all-in economic benefits for PacifiCorp's customers. The proposed high-voltage transmission line and schedule.new wind resources must be placed in service by December 31, 2020, to maximize potential federal production tax credit benefits for PacifiCorp's customers. Bids will be duewere received in October 2017 and best-and-final pricing, reflecting changes in federal tax law, was received in December 2017. PacifiCorp finalized its bid-selection process and established a final shortlist in February 2018. PacifiCorp is finalizing agreements to acquire energy and capacity from three wind facilities totaling 1,150 MWs, consisting of 950 MWs owned and 200 MWs as a power-purchase agreement.

Contractual Obligations

As of June 30, 2017,2018, there have been no material changes outside the normal course of business in contractual obligations from the information provided in Item 7 of PacifiCorp's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017.



Regulatory Matters

PacifiCorp is subject to comprehensive regulation. Refer to "Regulatory Matters" in Berkshire Hathaway Energy's Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q for discussion regarding PacifiCorp's current regulatory matters.

Environmental Laws and Regulations

PacifiCorp is subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations regarding air and water quality, RPS, emissions performance standards, climate change, coal combustion byproduct disposal, hazardous and solid waste disposal, protected species and other environmental matters that have the potential to impact PacifiCorp's current and future operations. In addition to imposing continuing compliance obligations, these laws and regulations provide regulators with the authority to levy substantial penalties for noncompliance including fines, injunctive relief and other sanctions. These laws and regulations are administered by the EPA and various state, local and international agencies. PacifiCorp believes it is in material compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, although many are subject to interpretation that may ultimately be resolved by the courts. Environmental laws and regulations continue to evolve, and PacifiCorp is unable to predict the impact of the changing laws and regulations on its operations and financial results. Refer to "Liquidity and Capital Resources" for discussion of PacifiCorp's forecast environmental-related capital expenditures.

Refer to "Environmental Laws and Regulations" in Berkshire Hathaway Energy's Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding environmental laws.


New Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements affecting PacifiCorp, refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of the Form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Certain accounting measurements require management to make estimates and judgments concerning transactions that will be settled several years in the future. Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Financial Statements based on such estimates involve numerous assumptions subject to varying and potentially significant degrees of judgment and uncertainty and will likely change in the future as additional information becomes available. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the accounting for the effects of certain types of regulation, derivatives, pension and other postretirement benefits, income taxes and revenue recognition-unbilled revenue. For additional discussion of PacifiCorp's critical accounting estimates, see Item 7 of PacifiCorp's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017. There have been no significant changes in PacifiCorp's assumptions regarding critical accounting estimates since December 31, 2016.2017.



MidAmerican Funding, LLC and its subsidiaries and MidAmerican Energy Company
Consolidated Financial Section



PART I
Item 1.Financial Statements


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM



To the Board of Directors and Shareholder of
MidAmerican Energy Company
Des Moines, Iowa
Results of Review of Interim Financial Information

We have reviewed the accompanying balance sheet of MidAmerican Energy Company ("MidAmerican Energy") as of June 30, 2017, and2018, the related statements of operations for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, and of changes in shareholder's equity and cash flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and 2016. Thesethe related notes (collectively referred to as the "interim financial information"). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial statements areinformation for it to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the responsibilityUnited States of MidAmerican Energy's management.America.

We conducted our reviewshave previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). (PCAOB), the balance sheet of MidAmerican Energy as of December 31, 2017, and the related statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholder's equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 23, 2018, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the balance sheet from which it has been derived.

Basis for Review Results

This interim financial information is the responsibility of MidAmerican Energy's management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to MidAmerican Energy in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our reviews in accordance with standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States),PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to such interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the balance sheet of MidAmerican Energy Company as of December 31, 2016, and the related statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 24, 2017, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the balance sheet from which it has been derived.


/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP


Des Moines, Iowa
August 4, 20173, 2018



MIDAMERICAN ENERGY COMPANY
BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

As ofAs of
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
ASSETS
Current assets:      
Cash and cash equivalents$370
 $14
$369
 $172
Receivables, net268
 285
Income taxes receivable94
 9
Accounts receivable, net339
 344
Income tax receivable18
 51
Inventories234
 264
201
 245
Other current assets22
 35
117
 134
Total current assets988
 607
1,044
 946
      
Property, plant and equipment, net13,042
 12,821
14,672
 14,207
Regulatory assets1,222
 1,161
225
 204
Investments and restricted cash and investments689
 653
Investments and restricted investments729
 728
Other assets200
 217
216
 233
      
Total assets$16,141
 $15,459
$16,886
 $16,318

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.


MIDAMERICAN ENERGY COMPANY
BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) (continued)
(Amounts in millions)

As ofAs of
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY
Current liabilities:      
Accounts payable$147
 $303
$270
 $452
Accrued interest48
 45
53
 48
Accrued property, income and other taxes140
 137
239
 132
Short-term debt
 99
Current portion of long-term debt350
 250
500
 350
Other current liabilities156
 159
139
 128
Total current liabilities841
 993
1,201
 1,110
      
Long-term debt4,543
 4,051
4,880
 4,692
Regulatory liabilities1,779
 1,661
Deferred income taxes3,638
 3,572
2,190
 2,237
Regulatory liabilities899
 883
Asset retirement obligations528
 510
538
 528
Other long-term liabilities294
 290
321
 326
Total liabilities10,743
 10,299
10,909
 10,554
      
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
 
      
Shareholder's equity:      
Common stock - 350 shares authorized, no par value, 71 shares issued and outstanding
 

 
Additional paid-in capital561
 561
561
 561
Retained earnings4,837
 4,599
5,416
 5,203
Total shareholder's equity5,398
 5,160
5,977
 5,764
      
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity$16,141
 $15,459
$16,886
 $16,318

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.



MIDAMERICAN ENERGY COMPANY
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Operating revenue:              
Regulated electric$537
 $481
 $970
 $880
$589
 $537
 $1,058
 $970
Regulated gas and other121
 103
 383
 329
128
 121
 405
 383
Total operating revenue658
 584
 1,353
 1,209
717
 658
 1,463
 1,353
              
Operating costs and expenses:       
Cost of fuel, energy and capacity110
 90
 212
 182
Cost of gas sold and other62
 47
 234
 182
Operating expenses:       
Cost of fuel and energy118
 110
 226
 212
Cost of gas purchased for resale and other67
 62
 246
 234
Operations and maintenance181
 170
 347
 330
207
 186
 397
 357
Depreciation and amortization141
 110
 258
 220
208
 141
 366
 258
Property and other taxes29
 28
 60
 56
30
 29
 62
 60
Total operating costs and expenses523
 445
 1,111
 970
Total operating expenses630
 528
 1,297
 1,121
              
Operating income135
 139
 242
 239
87
 130
 166
 232
              
Other income (expense):              
Interest expense(53) (48) (106) (97)(56) (53) (114) (106)
Allowance for borrowed funds3
 2
 5
 3
4
 3
 8
 5
Allowance for equity funds8
 4
 14
 8
13
 8
 23
 14
Other, net2
 2
 8
 5
12
 7
 21
 18
Total other income (expense)(40) (40) (79) (81)(27) (35) (62) (69)
              
Income before income tax benefit95
 99
 163
 158
60
 95
 104
 163
Income tax benefit(39) (32) (76) (49)(46) (39) (108) (76)
              
Net income$134
 $131
 $239
 $207
$106
 $134
 $212
 $239

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.



MIDAMERICAN ENERGY COMPANY
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

Common
Stock
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss, Net
 
Total
Equity
Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital 
Retained
Earnings
 
Total Shareholder's
Equity
       
Balance, December 31, 2015$561
 $4,174
 $(30) $4,705
Net income
 207
 
 207
Other comprehensive income
 
 2
 2
Dividend
 (117) 27
 (90)
Other equity transactions$
 $(1) $
 $(1)
Balance, June 30, 2016$561
 $4,263
 $(1) $4,823
              
Balance, December 31, 2016$561
 $4,599
 $
 $5,160
$
 $561
 $4,599
 $5,160
Net income
 239
 
 239

 
 239
 239
Other equity transactions
 (1) 
 (1)
 
 (1) (1)
Balance, June 30, 2017$561
 $4,837
 $
 $5,398
$
 $561
 $4,837
 $5,398
       
Balance, December 31, 2017$
 $561
 $5,203
 $5,764
Net income
 
 212
 212
Other equity transactions
 
 1
 1
Balance, June 30, 2018$
 $561
 $5,416
 $5,977

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.



MIDAMERICAN ENERGY COMPANY
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

Six-Month PeriodsSix-Month Periods
Ended June 30,Ended June 30,
2017 20162018 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income$239
 $207
$212
 $239
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities:      
Depreciation and amortization258
 220
366
 258
Amortization of utility plant to other operating expenses17
 17
Allowance for equity funds(23) (14)
Deferred income taxes and amortization of investment tax credits27
 45
(10) 27
Changes in other assets and liabilities19
 21
Other, net(17) (24)7
 (1)
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities:      
Receivables, net17
 (30)
Accounts receivable and other assets1
 16
Inventories30
 (18)45
 30
Derivative collateral, net2
 3

 2
Contributions to pension and other postretirement benefit plans, net(5) (3)(7) (5)
Accounts payable(80) (33)
Accounts payable and other liabilities(97) (75)
Accrued property, income and other taxes, net(83) 213
140
 (83)
Other current assets and liabilities2
 8
Net cash flows from operating activities409
 609
651
 411
      
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Utility construction expenditures(545) (506)
Purchases of available-for-sale securities(81) (54)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities77
 55
Capital expenditures(818) (545)
Purchases of marketable securities(147) (81)
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities125
 77
Other, net7
 
27
 (3)
Net cash flows from investing activities(542) (505)(813) (552)
      
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Proceeds from long-term debt843
 
687
 843
Repayments of long-term debt(255) (4)(350) (255)
Net repayments of short-term debt(99) 

 (99)
Other, net(1) 
Net cash flows from financing activities489
 (4)336
 489
      
Net change in cash and cash equivalents356
 100
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period14
 103
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$370
 $203
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents174
 348
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period282
 26
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period$456
 $374

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.



MIDAMERICAN ENERGY COMPANY
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

(1)General

MidAmerican Energy Company ("MidAmerican Energy") is a public utility with electric and natural gas operations and is the principal subsidiary of MHC Inc. ("MHC"). MHC is a holding company that conducts no business other than the ownership of its subsidiaries and related corporate services. MHC's nonregulated subsidiaries include Midwest Capital Group, Inc. and MEC Construction Services Co. MHC is the direct, wholly owned subsidiary of MidAmerican Funding, LLC ("MidAmerican Funding"), which is an Iowa limited liability company with Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company ("BHE") as its sole member. BHE is a consolidated subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. ("Berkshire Hathaway").

The unaudited Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and regulations for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. Management believes the unaudited Financial Statements contain all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for the fair presentation of the unaudited Financial Statements as of June 30, 2017,2018, and for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016.2017. The results of operations for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017,2018, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

The preparation of the unaudited Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Actual results may differ from the estimates used in preparing the unaudited Financial Statements. Note 2 of Notes to Financial Statements included in MidAmerican Energy's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016,2017, describes the most significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the unaudited Financial Statements. There have been no significant changes in MidAmerican Energy's assumptions regarding significant accounting estimates and policies during the six-month period ended June 30, 2017.2018.

(2)New Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2017,February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2017-07,2016-02, which amendscreates FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 842, "Leases" and supersedes Topic 840 "Leases." This guidance increases transparency and comparability among entities by recording lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. A lessee should recognize in the balance sheet a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee have not significantly changed from previous guidance. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-01 that provides for an optional transition practical expedient allowing companies to not have to evaluate existing land easements if they were not previously accounted for under ASC Topic 840, "Leases." This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. MidAmerican Energy plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2019, and is currently evaluating the impact on its Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Financial Statements.

(3)Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, which amends FASB ASC Subtopic 230-10, "Statement of Cash Flows - Overall." The amendments in this guidance require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. MidAmerican Energy adopted this guidance January 1, 2018.



Cash equivalents consist of funds invested in money market mutual funds, United States Treasury Bills and other investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. Cash and cash equivalents exclude amounts where availability is restricted by legal requirements, loan agreements or other contractual provisions. Restricted cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, consist substantially of funds restricted for the purpose of constructing solid waste facilities under tax-exempt bond obligation agreements. A reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, as presented in the Statements of Cash Flows is outlined below and disaggregated by the line items in which they appear on the Balance Sheets (in millions):
 As of
 June 30, December 31
 2018 2017
    
Cash and cash equivalents$369
 $172
Restricted cash and cash equivalents in other current assets87
 110
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents$456
 $282

(4)Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment, net consists of the following (in millions):
   As of
   June 30, December 31,
 Depreciable Life 2018 2017
Utility plant in service, net:     
Generation20-70 years $12,102
 $12,107
Transmission52-75 years 1,858
 1,838
Electric distribution20-75 years 3,463
 3,380
Gas distribution29-75 years 1,671
 1,640
Utility plant in service  19,094
 18,965
Accumulated depreciation and amortization  (5,731) (5,561)
Utility plant in service, net  13,363
 13,404
Nonregulated property, net:     
Nonregulated property gross20-50 years 7
 7
Accumulated depreciation and amortization  (1) (1)
Nonregulated property, net  6
 6
   13,369
 13,410
Construction work-in-progress  1,303
 797
Property, plant and equipment, net  $14,672
 $14,207

(5)Recent Financing Transactions

Long-Term Debt

In February 2018, MidAmerican Energy issued $700 million of its 3.65% First Mortgage Bonds due 2048. An amount equal to the net proceeds was used to finance capital expenditures, disbursed during the period from February 2, 2017 to October 31, 2017, with respect to investments in MidAmerican Energy's 2,000-megawatt (nameplate capacity) Wind XI project and the repowering of certain of MidAmerican Energy's existing wind facilities, which were previously financed with MidAmerican Energy's general funds.

In March 2018, MidAmerican Energy repaid $350 million of its 5.30% Senior Notes due March 2018.



Credit Facilities

In April 2018, MidAmerican Energy amended and restated its existing $900 million unsecured credit facility, expiring June 2020, extending the expiration date to June 2021 and reducing from two to one, the available one-year extension options, subject to lender consent.

(6)Income Taxes

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("2017 Tax Reform") impacts many areas of income tax law. The most material items include the reduction of the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, and limitations on bonus depreciation for utility property.

In December 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") 118 to assist in the implementation process of 2017 Tax Reform by allowing for calculations to be classified as provisional and subject to remeasurement. There are three different classifications for the accounting: (1) completed, (2) not complete but reasonably estimable or (3) not complete and amounts are not reasonably estimable. MidAmerican Energy has recorded the impacts of 2017 Tax Reform and believes all the impacts to be complete with the exception of interpretations of the bonus depreciation rules. MidAmerican Energy has determined the amounts recorded and the interpretations relating to this item to be provisional and subject to remeasurement during the measurement period upon obtaining the necessary additional information to complete the accounting. MidAmerican Energy believes its interpretations for bonus depreciation to be reasonable; however, as the guidance is clarified estimates may change. The accounting is estimated to be completed by December 2018.

Iowa Senate File 2417

In May 2018, Iowa Senate File 2417 was signed into law in the state of Iowa, which, among other items, reduces the state of Iowa corporate tax rate from 12% to 9.8% and eliminates corporate federal deductibility, both for tax years starting in 2021. GAAP requires the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates be recognized in the period the tax rate change was enacted. As a result of Iowa Senate File 2417, MidAmerican Energy reduced net deferred income tax liabilities $54 million and decreased deferred income tax benefit by $2 million. As it is probable the change in deferred taxes for MidAmerican Energy will be passed back to customers through regulatory mechanisms, MidAmerican Energy increased net regulatory liabilities by $56 million.

A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to MidAmerican Energy's effective income tax rate applicable to income before income tax benefit is as follows:
 Three-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
        
Federal statutory income tax rate21 % 35 % 21 % 35 %
Income tax credits(80) (67) (104) (73)
State income tax, net of federal income tax benefit(7) (4) (8) (2)
Effects of ratemaking(9) (5) (13) (7)
Other, net(2) 
 
 
Effective income tax rate(77)% (41)% (104)% (47)%

Income tax credits relate primarily to production tax credits from MidAmerican Energy's wind-powered generating facilities. Federal renewable electricity production tax credits are earned as energy from qualifying wind-powered generating facilities is produced and sold and are based on a per-kilowatt hour rate pursuant to the applicable federal income tax law. Wind-powered generating facilities are eligible for the credits for 10 years from the date the qualifying generating facilities are placed in-service.



Berkshire Hathaway includes BHE and subsidiaries in its United States federal and Iowa state income tax returns. Consistent with established regulatory practice, MidAmerican Energy's provision for income tax has been computed on a stand-alone basis, and substantially all of its currently payable or receivable income tax is remitted to or received from BHE. MidAmerican Energy received net cash payments for income tax from BHE totaling $228 million and $7 million for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(7)Employee Benefit Plans

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, which amends FASB ASC Topic 715, "Compensation - Retirement Benefits." The amendments in this guidance require that an employer disaggregate the service cost component from the other components of net benefit cost and report the service cost component in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the statement of operations separately from the service cost component and outside the subtotal of operating income. Additionally, the guidance only allows the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. ThisMidAmerican Energy adopted this guidance is effectiveJanuary 1, 2018 prospectively for interimthe capitalization of the service cost component in the Balance Sheets and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. This guidance must be adopted retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net benefit cost in the statementStatements of operations and prospectively forOperations, applying the capitalization ofpractical expedient to use the service cost componentamounts previously disclosed in the balance sheet. MidAmerican Energy plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2018, and is currently evaluating the impact on its Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Financial Statements.

In November 2016,Statements as the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, which amends FASB ASC Subtopic 230-10, “Statement of Cash Flows - Overall.” The amendments in this guidance require thatestimation basis for applying the retrospective presentation requirement. As a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted retrospectively. MidAmerican Energy plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2018, and is currently evaluating the impact on its Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Financial Statements.



In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, which amends FASB ASC Topic 230, "Statement of Cash Flows." The amendments in this guidance address the classification of eight specific cash flow issues within the statement of cash flows with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted retrospectively. MidAmerican Energy plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2018, and does not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its Financial Statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, which creates FASB ASC Topic 842, "Leases" and supersedes Topic 840 "Leases." This guidance increases transparency and comparability among entities by recording lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. A lessee should recognize in the balance sheet a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee have not significantly changed from previous guidance. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. MidAmerican Energy plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2019, and is currently evaluating the impact on its Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Financial Statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, which amends FASB ASC Subtopic 825-10, "Financial Instruments - Overall." The amendments in this guidance address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments including a requirement that all investments in equity securities that do not qualify for equity method accounting or result, in consolidation of the investee be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption not permitted, and is required to be adopted prospectively by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. MidAmerican Energy is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Financial Statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, which creates FASB ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" and supersedes ASC Topic 605, "Revenue Recognition." The guidance replaces industry-specific guidance and establishes a single five-step model to identify and recognize revenue. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additionally, the guidance requires the entity to disclose further quantitative and qualitative information regarding the nature and amount of revenues arising from contracts with customers, as well as other information about the significant judgments and estimates used in recognizing revenues from contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, which defers the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 one year to interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. During 2016, the FASB issued several ASUs that clarify the implementation guidance for ASU No. 2014-09 but do not change the core principle of the guidance. This guidance may be adopted retrospectively or under a modified retrospective method where the cumulative effect is recognized at the date of initial application. MidAmerican Energy plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2018 under the modified retrospective method and is currently evaluating the impact on its Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Financial Statements. MidAmerican Energy currently does not expect the timing and amount of revenue currently recognized to be materially different after adoption of the new guidance as a majority of revenue is recognized when MidAmerican Energy has the right to invoice as it corresponds directly with the value to the customer of MidAmerican Energy’s performance to date. MidAmerican Energy's current plan is to quantitatively disaggregate revenue in the required financial statement footnote by jurisdiction for each segment.




(3)Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment, net consists of the following (in millions):
   As of
   June 30, December 31,
 Depreciable Life 2017 2016
Utility plant in service, net:     
Generation20-70 years $11,308
 $11,282
Transmission52-75 years 1,794
 1,726
Electric distribution20-75 years 3,260
 3,197
Gas distribution29-75 years 1,588
 1,565
Utility plant in service  17,950
 17,770
Accumulated depreciation and amortization  (5,660) (5,448)
Utility plant in service, net  12,290
 12,322
Nonregulated property, net:     
Nonregulated property gross20-50 years 7
 7
Accumulated depreciation and amortization  (1) (1)
Nonregulated property, net  6
 6
   12,296
 12,328
Construction work-in-progress  746
 493
Property, plant and equipment, net  $13,042
 $12,821

During the fourth quarter of 2016, MidAmerican Energy revised its electric and gas depreciation rates based on the results of a new depreciation study, the most significant impact of which was longer estimated useful lives for certain wind-powered generating facilities. The effect of this change was to reduce depreciation and amortization expense by $34 million annually, or $8 million and $17 million for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017, based on depreciable plant balances atamounts other than the timeservice cost for pension and other postretirement benefit plans totaling $6 million and $11 million have been reclassified to other, net in the Statements of Operations of the change.

(4)    Recent Financing Transactions

Long-Term Debt

In February 2017, MidAmerican Energy issued $375participating subsidiaries, of which $5 million of its 3.10% First Mortgage Bonds due May 2027 and $475$10 million, of its 3.95% First Mortgage Bonds due August 2047. An amount equal to the net proceeds was used to finance capital expenditures, disbursed during the period from February 2, 2016 to February 1, 2017, with respect to investments in MidAmerican Energy's 551-megawatt Wind X and 2,000-megawatt Wind XI projects, which were previously financed with MidAmerican Energy's general funds.

In February 2017, MidAmerican Energy redeemed in full through optional redemption its $250 million of 5.95% Senior Notes due July 2017.

Credit Facilities

In June 2017, MidAmerican Energy terminated its $600 million unsecured credit facility expiring March 2018 and entered into a $900 million unsecured credit facility expiring June 2020 with two one-year extension options subject to lender consent. The credit facility, which supports MidAmerican Energy's commercial paper program and its variable-rate tax-exempt bond obligations and provides for the issuance of letters of credit, has a variable interest rate based on the Eurodollar rate or a base rate, at MidAmerican Energy's option, plus a spread that varies based on MidAmerican Energy's credit ratings for senior unsecured long-term debt securities. The credit facility requires MidAmerican Energy's ratio of consolidated debt, including current maturities, to total capitalization not exceed 0.65 to 1.0 as of the last day of each quarter.




(5)Income Taxes

A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax raterespectively, relates to MidAmerican Energy's effective income tax rate applicable to income before income tax benefit is as follows:Energy.
 Three-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
        
Federal statutory income tax rate35 % 35 % 35 % 35 %
Income tax credits(67) (60) (73) (59)
State income tax, net of federal income tax benefit(4) (5) (2) (1)
Effects of ratemaking(5) (2) (7) (6)
Effective income tax rate(41)% (32)% (47)% (31)%

Income tax credits relate primarily to production tax credits from MidAmerican Energy's wind-powered generating facilities. Federal renewable electricity production tax credits are earned as energy from qualifying wind-powered generating facilities is produced and sold and are based on a per-kilowatt hour rate pursuant to the applicable federal income tax law. Wind-powered generating facilities are eligible for the credits for 10 years from the date the qualifying generating facilities are placed in-service.

Berkshire Hathaway includes BHE and subsidiaries in its United States federal income tax return. Consistent with established regulatory practice, MidAmerican Energy's provision for income taxes has been computed on a stand-alone basis, and substantially all of its currently payable or receivable income taxes are remitted to or received from BHE. MidAmerican Energy received net cash payments for income taxes from BHE totaling $7 million and $308 million for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

(6)Employee Benefit Plans

MidAmerican Energy sponsors a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan covering a majority of all employees of BHE and its domestic energy subsidiaries other than PacifiCorp and NV Energy, Inc. MidAmerican Energy also sponsors certain postretirement healthcare and life insurance benefits covering substantially all retired employees of BHE and its domestic energy subsidiaries other than PacifiCorp and NV Energy, Inc.

Net periodic benefit (credit) cost (credit) for the plans of MidAmerican Energy and the aforementioned affiliates included the following components (in millions):
Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Pension:              
Service cost$3
 $2
 $5
 $5
$2
 $3
 $4
 $5
Interest cost7
 9
 15
 17
7
 7
 14
 15
Expected return on plan assets(11) (11) (22) (22)(11) (11) (22) (22)
Net amortization1
 1
 1
 1

 1
 1
 1
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)$
 $1
 $(1) $1
Net periodic benefit credit$(2) $
 $(3) $(1)
              
Other postretirement:              
Service cost$1
 $2
 $2
 $3
$2
 $1
 $3
 $2
Interest cost2
 3
 4
 5
2
 2
 4
 4
Expected return on plan assets(4) (4) (7) (7)(4) (4) (7) (7)
Net amortization(1) (1) (2) (2)(1) (1) (2) (2)
Net periodic benefit credit$(2) $
 $(3) $(1)$(1) $(2) $(2) $(3)



Amounts other than the service cost for pension and other postretirement benefit plans are recorded in Other, net in the Statements of Operations. Employer contributions to the pension and other postretirement benefit plans are expected to be $8 million and $1 million, respectively, during 2017.2018. As of June 30, 2017, $42018, $3 million and $- million of contributions had been made to the pension and other postretirement benefit plans, respectively.



(8)Asset Retirement Obligations

In January 2018, MidAmerican Energy completed groundwater testing at its coal combustion residuals ("CCR") surface impoundments. Based on this information, MidAmerican Energy concluded in March 2018 that it will discontinue sending CCR to surface impoundments effective April 2018 and remove all CCR material located below the water table in such facilities, the latter of which is a more extensive closure activity than previously assumed. The incremental cost and timing of such actions is not currently reasonably determinable, but an evaluation of such estimates is expected to be completed in the third quarter of 2018, with any necessary adjustments to the related asset retirement obligations recognized at that time.

(7)(9)Fair Value Measurements

The carrying value of MidAmerican Energy's cash, certain cash equivalents, receivables, payables, accrued liabilities and short-term borrowings approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. MidAmerican Energy has various financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on the Financial Statements using inputs from the three levels of the fair value hierarchy. A financial asset or liability classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels are as follows:

Level 1 — Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that MidAmerican Energy has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 — Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs).

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs reflect MidAmerican Energy's judgments about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability since limited market data exists. MidAmerican Energy develops these inputs based on the best information available, including its own data.

The following table presents MidAmerican Energy's financial assets and liabilities recognized on the Balance Sheets and measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in millions):
 Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements     Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements    
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Other(1)
 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Other(1)
 Total
As of June 30, 2017:          
As of June 30, 2018:          
Assets:                    
Commodity derivatives $
 $2
 $2
 $(2) $2
 $
 $2
 $1
 $(1) $2
Money market mutual funds(2)
 370
 
 
 
 370
 346
 
 
 
 346
Debt securities:                    
United States government obligations 161
 
 
 
 161
 184
 
 
 
 184
International government obligations 
 4
 
 
 4
 
 4
 
 
 4
Corporate obligations 
 36
 
 
 36
 
 36
 
 
 36
Municipal obligations 
 2
 
 
 2
 
 2
 
 
 2
Agency, asset and mortgage-backed obligations 
 1
 
 
 1
Equity securities:                    
United States companies 270
 
 
 
 270
 289
 
 
 
 289
International companies 7
 
 
 
 7
 6
 
 
 
 6
Investment funds 14
 
 
 
 14
 20
 
 
 
 20
 $822
 $45
 $2
 $(2) $867
 $845
 $44
 $1
 $(1) $889
                    
Liabilities - commodity derivatives $
 $(6) $(3) $3
 $(6) $
 $(7) $(2) $2
 $(7)


 Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements     Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements    
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Other(1)
 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Other(1)
 Total
As of December 31, 2016:          
As of December 31, 2017:          
Assets:                    
Commodity derivatives $
 $9
 $1
 $(2) $8
 $
 $3
 $4
 $(2) $5
Money market mutual funds(2)
 1
 
 
 
 1
 133
 
 
 
 133
Debt securities:                    
United States government obligations 161
 
 
 
 161
 176
 
 
 
 176
International government obligations 
 3
 
 
 3
 
 5
 
 
 5
Corporate obligations 
 36
 
 
 36
 
 36
 
 
 36
Municipal obligations 
 2
 
 
 2
 
 2
 
 
 2
Agency, asset and mortgage-backed obligations 
 2
 
 
 2
Equity securities:                    
United States companies 250
 
 
 
 250
 288
 
 
 
 288
International companies 5
 
 
 
 5
 7
 
 
 
 7
Investment funds 9
 
 
 
 9
 15
 
 
 
 15
 $426
 $52
 $1
 $(2) $477
 $619
 $46
 $4
 $(2) $667
                    
Liabilities - commodity derivatives $
 $(3) $(3) $3
 $(3) $
 $(9) $(1) $2
 $(8)

(1)Represents netting under master netting arrangements and a net cash collateral receivable of $1 million and $1$- million as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively.
(2)Amounts are included in cash and cash equivalents and investments and restricted cash and investments on the Balance Sheets. The fair value of these money market mutual funds approximates cost.
Derivative contracts are recorded on the Balance Sheets as either assets or liabilities and are stated at estimated fair value unless they are designated as normal purchases or normal sales and qualify for the exception afforded by GAAP. When available, the fair value of derivative contracts is estimated using unadjusted quoted prices for identical contracts in the market in which MidAmerican Energy transacts. When quoted prices for identical contracts are not available, MidAmerican Energy uses forward price curves. Forward price curves represent MidAmerican Energy's estimates of the prices at which a buyer or seller could contract today for delivery or settlement at future dates. MidAmerican Energy bases its forward price curves upon market price quotations, when available, or internally developed and commercial models, with internal and external fundamental data inputs. Market price quotations are obtained from independent brokers, exchanges, direct communication with market participants and actual transactions executed by MidAmerican Energy. Market price quotations are generally readily obtainable for the applicable term of MidAmerican Energy's outstanding derivative contracts; therefore, MidAmerican Energy's forward price curves reflect observable market quotes. Market price quotations for certain electricity and natural gas trading hubs are not as readily obtainable due to the length of the contract. Given that limited market data exists for these contracts, as well as for those contracts that are not actively traded, MidAmerican Energy uses forward price curves derived from internal models based on perceived pricing relationships to major trading hubs that are based on unobservable inputs. The estimated fair value of these derivative contracts is a function of underlying forward commodity prices, interest rates, related volatility, counterparty creditworthiness and duration of contracts.

MidAmerican Energy's investments in money market mutual funds and debt and equity securities are stated at fair value and are primarily accounted for as available-for-sale securities.value. When available, a readily observable quoted market price or net asset value of an identical security in an active market is used to record the fair value. In the absence of a quoted market price or net asset value of an identical security, the fair value is determined using pricing models or net asset values based on observable market inputs and quoted market prices of securities with similar characteristics. The fair value of MidAmerican Energy's investments in auction rate securities, where there is no current liquid market, is determined using pricing models based on available observable market data and MidAmerican Energy's judgment about the assumptions, including liquidity and nonperformance risks, which market participants would use when pricing the asset.



The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of MidAmerican Energy's commodity derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant Level 3 inputs (in millions):
Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
Commodity
Derivatives
 
Auction Rate
Securities
 
Commodity
Derivatives
 Auction Rate Securities2018 2017 2018 2017
2017:       
       
Beginning balance$1
 $
 $(2) $
$
 $1
 $3
 $(2)
Changes in fair value recognized in net regulatory assets(2) 
 
 
(1) (2) (3) 
Settlements
 
 1
 

 
 (1) 1
Ending balance$(1) $
 $(1) $
$(1) $(1) $(1) $(1)
       
2016:       
Beginning balance$(4) $26
 $(6) $26
Transfer to affiliate
 
 (4) 
Changes in fair value recognized in OCI
 2
 
 3
Changes in fair value recognized in net regulatory assets(3) 
 (4) 
Redemptions
 (10) 
 (11)
Settlements5
 
 12
 
Ending balance$(2) $18
 $(2) $18

MidAmerican Energy's long-term debt is carried at cost on the Balance Sheets. The fair value of MidAmerican Energy's long-term debt is a Level 2 fair value measurement and has been estimated based upon quoted market prices, where available, or at the present value of future cash flows discounted at rates consistent with comparable maturities with similar credit risks. The carrying value of MidAmerican Energy's variable-rate long-term debt approximates fair value because of the frequent repricing of these instruments at market rates. The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of MidAmerican Energy's long-term debt (in millions):
 As of June 30, 2017 As of December 31, 2016
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
        
Long-term debt$4,893
 $5,438
 $4,301
 $4,735
 As of June 30, 2018 As of December 31, 2017
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
        
Long-term debt$5,380
 $5,653
 $5,042
 $5,686

(8)    Commitments and Contingencies

Natural Gas Commitments

During the six-month period ended June 30, 2017, MidAmerican Energy amended certain of its natural gas supply and transportation contracts increasing minimum payments by $247 million through 2021 and $70 million for 2022 through 2041.

Construction Commitments

During the six-month period ended June 30, 2017, MidAmerican Energy entered into contracts totaling $514 million for the construction of wind-powered generating facilities in 2017 through 2019, including $222 million in 2017, $284 million in 2018 and $8 million in 2019.
(10)Commitments and Contingencies

Easements

During the six-month period ended June 30, 2017,2018, MidAmerican Energy entered into non-cancelable easements with minimum payments totaling $114$283 million through 20572058 for land in Iowa on which some of its wind-powered generating facilities will be located.



Legal Matters

MidAmerican Energy is party to a variety of legal actions arising out of the normal course of business. Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. MidAmerican Energy does not believe that such normal and routine litigation will have a material impact on its financial results.

Environmental Laws and Regulations

MidAmerican Energy is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations regarding air and water quality, emissions performance standards, climate change, coal combustion byproduct disposal, hazardous and solid waste disposal, protected species and other environmental matters that have the potential to impact its current and future operations. MidAmerican Energy believes it is in material compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.



Transmission Rates

MidAmerican Energy's wholesale transmission rates are set annually using FERC-approved formula rates subject to true-up for actual cost of service. Prior to September 2016, the rates in effect were based on a 12.38% return on equity ("ROE"). In November 2013 and February 2015, a coalition of intervenors filed successive complaints with the FERC requesting that the 12.38% ROE no longer be found just and reasonable and sought to reduce the base ROE to 9.15% and 8.67%, respectively. MidAmerican Energy is authorized by the FERC to include a 0.50% adder beyond the base ROE effective January 2015. In September 2016, the FERC issued an order for the first complaint, which reduces the base ROE to 10.32% and requiresrequired refunds, plus interest, for the period from November 2013 through February 2015. Customer refunds relative to the first complaint occurred in February 2017. TheIt is uncertain when the FERC is expected towill rule on the second complaint, in 2017, covering the period from February 2015 through May 2016. MidAmerican Energy believes it is probable that the FERC will order a base ROE lower than 12.38% in the second complaint and, as of June 30, 2017,2018, has accrued a $9$10 million liability for refunds under the second complaint of amounts collected under the higher ROE from FebruaryMarch 2015 through May 2016.

Retail Regulated Rates

In December 2017, 2017 Tax Reform was signed into law, reducing the federal tax rate from 35% to 21%. Accumulated deferred income tax balances were re-measured at the 21% rate and regulatory liabilities increased reflective of the probability of such balances being passed back to customers. MidAmerican Energy has made filings or has been in discussions with each of its state rate regulatory bodies proposing either a reduction in retail rates or rate base for all or a portion of the net benefits of 2017 Tax Reform for 2018 and beyond. MidAmerican Energy proposed in Iowa, its largest jurisdiction, to reduce customer revenue via a rider mechanism for the impact of the lower statutory rate on current operations, subject to change depending on actual results, and defer as a regulatory liability the amortization of excess deferred income taxes. The Illinois Commerce Commission approved MidAmerican Energy's Illinois tax reform rate reduction tariff on March 21, 2018, and the Iowa Utilities Board approved MidAmerican Energy's Iowa tax reform rate reduction tariff on April 27, 2018. The approved tax reform rider mechanisms for each jurisdiction function consistent with MidAmerican Energy's other bill riders in that over or under collection from customers at any given time is included in accounts receivable, net, on the Balance Sheets.

(9)(11)Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), NetRevenue from Contracts with Customers

Adoption

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, which created FASB ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("ASC 606") and superseded ASC Topic 605, "Revenue Recognition." The guidance replaced industry-specific guidance and established a single five-step model to identify and recognize revenue from contracts with customers ("Customer Revenue"). The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Following the issuance of ASU No. 2014-09, the FASB issued several ASUs that clarified the implementation guidance for ASU No. 2014-09 but did not change the core principle of the guidance. MidAmerican Energy adopted this guidance for all applicable contracts as of January 1, 2018 under a modified retrospective method and the adoption did not have a cumulative effect impact at the date of initial adoption.

Customer Revenue

MidAmerican Energy recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. MidAmerican Energy records sales, franchise and excise taxes collected directly from customers and remitted directly to the taxing authorities on a net basis on the Statements of Operations and, accordingly, they do not impact revenue.

Substantially all of MidAmerican Energy's Customer Revenue is derived from tariff-based sales arrangements approved by various regulatory bodies. MidAmerican Energy’s electric wholesale and transmission transactions, including the multi value projects, are substantially with the Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc. under its tariffs approved by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. These tariff-based revenues have performance obligations to deliver energy products and services to customers, which are satisfied over time as energy is delivered or services are provided. Other revenue consists primarily of revenue recognized in accordance with ASC 815, "Derivatives and Hedging."



Revenue recognized is equal to what MidAmerican Energy has the right to invoice as it corresponds directly with the value to the customer of MidAmerican Energy's performance to date and includes billed and unbilled amounts. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, receivables, net on the Balance Sheets relate substantially to Customer Revenue, including unbilled revenue of $123 million and $89 million, respectively. Payments for amounts billed are generally due from the customer within 30 days of billing. Rates charged for energy products and services are established by regulators or contractual arrangements that establish the transaction price as well as the allocation of price amongst the separate performance obligations. When preliminary regulated rates are permitted to be billed prior to final approval by the applicable regulator, certain revenue collected may be subject to refund and a liability for estimated refunds is accrued.

The following table showssummarizes MidAmerican Energy's revenue by line of business and customer class, including a reconciliation to MidAmerican Energy's reportable segment information included in Note 12, for the change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net ("AOCI") by each component of other comprehensive income, net of applicable income taxesthree- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 (in millions):
Three-Month PeriodElectric Gas Other Total
Customer Revenue:       
Retail:       
Residential$173
 $65
 $
 $238
Commercial80
 21
 
 101
Industrial195
 5
 
 200
Gas transportation services
 6
 
 6
Other retail(1)
57
 6
 
 63
Total retail505
 103
 
 608
Wholesale63
 23
 
 86
Multi value transmission projects14
 
 
 14
Other Customer Revenue
 
 1
 1
Total Customer Revenue582
 126
 1
 709
Other revenue7
 1
 
 8
Total operating revenue$589
 $127
 $1
 $717
  
Six-Month PeriodElectric Gas Other Total
Customer Revenue:       
Retail:       
Residential$334
 $233
 $
 $567
Commercial151
 83
 
 234
Industrial340
 10
 
 350
Gas transportation services
 19
 
 19
Other retail67
 
 
 67
Total retail892
 345
 
 1,237
Wholesale125
 55
 
 180
Multi value transmission projects29
 
 
 29
Other Customer Revenue
 
 3
 3
Total Customer Revenue1,046
 400
 3
 1,449
Other revenue12
 2
 
 14
Total operating revenue$1,058
 $402
 $3
 $1,463
  Unrealized Unrealized Accumulated
  Losses on Losses Other
  Available-For-Sale on Cash Flow Comprehensive
  Securities Hedges Loss, Net
       
Balance, December 31, 2015 $(3) $(27) $(30)
Other comprehensive income 2
 
 2
Dividend 
 27
 27
Balance at June 30, 2016 $(1) $
 $(1)

(1)Other retail for the three-month period ended June 30, 2018, includes the reversal of provisions for potential retail rate refunds previously accrued during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018. Upon resolution of the related regulatory proceedings, rates were reduced and such reductions are reflected in the applicable customer classes. Refer to Note 10 for a discussion of regulatory proceedings related to 2017 Tax Reform.


Contract Assets and Liabilities

In the event one of the parties to a contract has performed before the other, MidAmerican Energy would recognize a contract asset or contract liability depending on the relationship between MidAmerican Energy's performance and the customer's payment. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no contract assets or contract liabilities recorded on the Balance Sheets.

(10)(12)Segment Information

MidAmerican Energy has identified two reportable segments: regulated electric and regulated gas. The regulated electric segment derives most of its revenue from regulated retail sales of electricity to residential, commercial, and industrial customers and from wholesale sales. The regulated gas segment derives most of its revenue from regulated retail sales of natural gas to residential, commercial, and industrial customers and also obtains revenue by transporting gas owned by others through its distribution system. Pricing for regulated electric and regulated gas sales are established separately by regulatory agencies; therefore, management also reviews each segment separately to make decisions regarding allocation of resources and in evaluating performance. Common operating costs, interest income, interest expense and income tax expense are allocated to each segment based on certain factors, which primarily relate to the nature of the cost.



The following tables provide information on a reportable segment basis (in millions):
Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Operating revenue:              
Regulated electric$537
 $481
 $970
 $880
$589
 $537
 $1,058
 $970
Regulated gas120
 102
 382
 328
127
 120
 402
 382
Other1
 1
 1
 1
1
 1
 3
 1
Total operating revenue$658
 $584
 $1,353
 $1,209
$717
 $658
 $1,463
 $1,353
              
Depreciation and amortization:       
Regulated electric$130
 $100
 $237
 $199
Regulated gas11
 10
 21
 21
Total depreciation and amortization$141
 $110
 $258
 $220
 
  
  
  
Operating income:              
Regulated electric$128
 $135
 $195
 $192
$78
 $125
 $114
 $188
Regulated gas7
 4
 47
 47
8
 5
 51
 44
Other1
 
 1
 
Total operating income$135
 $139
 $242
 $239
87
 130
 166
 232
Interest expense(56) (53) (114) (106)
Allowance for borrowed funds4
 3
 8
 5
Allowance for equity funds13
 8
 23
 14
Other, net12
 7
 21
 18
Income before income tax benefit$60
 $95
 $104
 $163

As ofAs of
June 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
June 30,
2018
 December 31,
2017
Total assets:   
Assets:   
Regulated electric$14,871
 $14,113
$15,612
 $14,914
Regulated gas1,269
 1,345
1,274
 1,403
Other1
 1

 1
Total assets$16,141
 $15,459
$16,886
 $16,318






REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM



To the Board of Managers and Member of
MidAmerican Funding, LLC
Des Moines, Iowa
Results of Review of Interim Financial Information

We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of MidAmerican Funding, LLC and subsidiaries ("MidAmerican Funding") as of June 30, 2017, and2018, the related consolidated statements of operations for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, and of changes in member's equity and cash flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and 2016. Thesethe related notes (collectively referred to as the "interim financial information"). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial statements areinformation for it to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the responsibilityUnited States of MidAmerican Funding's management.America.

We conducted our reviewshave previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, the consolidated balance sheet of MidAmerican Funding as of December 31, 2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in member's equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 23, 2018, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

Basis for Review Results

This interim financial information is the responsibility of MidAmerican Funding's management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to MidAmerican Funding in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our reviews in accordance with standards of the PCAOB and with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America applicable to reviews of interim financial information. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)PCAOB and with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to such consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, the consolidated balance sheet of MidAmerican Funding, LLC and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 24, 2017, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.


/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP


Des Moines, Iowa
August 4, 20173, 2018



MIDAMERICAN FUNDING, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

As ofAs of
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
ASSETS
Current assets:      
Cash and cash equivalents$371
 $15
$370
 $172
Receivables, net268
 287
Income taxes receivable98
 9
Accounts receivable, net341
 348
Income tax receivable18
 64
Inventories234
 264
201
 245
Other current assets22
 35
116
 134
Total current assets993
 610
1,046
 963
      
Property, plant and equipment, net13,056
 12,835
14,686
 14,221
Goodwill1,270
 1,270
1,270
 1,270
Regulatory assets1,222
 1,161
225
 204
Investments and restricted cash and investments691
 655
Investments and restricted investments731
 730
Other assets201
 216
214
 233
      
Total assets$17,433
 $16,747
$18,172
 $17,621

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


MIDAMERICAN FUNDING, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) (continued)
(Amounts in millions)

As ofAs of
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
LIABILITIES AND MEMBER'S EQUITY
Current liabilities:      
Accounts payable$147
 $302
$270
 $451
Accrued interest55
 52
58
 53
Accrued property, income and other taxes140
 138
230
 133
Note payable to affiliate41
 31
161
 164
Short-term debt
 99
Current portion of long-term debt350
 250
500
 350
Other current liabilities156
 160
140
 128
Total current liabilities889
 1,032
1,359
 1,279
      
Long-term debt4,869
 4,377
5,120
 4,932
Regulatory liabilities1,779
 1,661
Deferred income taxes3,635
 3,568
2,188
 2,235
Regulatory liabilities899
 883
Asset retirement obligations528
 510
538
 528
Other long-term liabilities294
 291
322
 326
Total liabilities11,114
 10,661
11,306
 10,961
      
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
 
      
Member's equity:      
Paid-in capital1,679
 1,679
1,679
 1,679
Retained earnings4,640
 4,407
5,187
 4,981
Total member's equity6,319
 6,086
6,866
 6,660
      
Total liabilities and member's equity$17,433
 $16,747
$18,172
 $17,621

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



MIDAMERICAN FUNDING, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Operating revenue:              
Regulated electric$537
 $481
 $970
 $880
$589
 $537
 $1,058
 $970
Regulated gas and other122
 104
 385
 331
129
 122
 407
 385
Total operating revenue659
 585
 1,355
 1,211
718
 659
 1,465
 1,355
              
Operating costs and expenses:       
Cost of fuel, energy and capacity110
 90
 212
 182
Cost of gas sold and other63
 48
 235
 183
Operating expenses:       
Cost of fuel and energy118
 110
 226
 212
Cost of gas purchased for resale and other67
 63
 247
 235
Operations and maintenance180
 169
 347
 330
208
 185
 398
 357
Depreciation and amortization141
 110
 258
 220
208
 141
 366
 258
Property and other taxes29
 28
 60
 56
30
 29
 62
 60
Total operating costs and expenses523
 445
 1,112
 971
Total operating expenses631
 528
 1,299
 1,122
              
Operating income136
 140
 243
 240
87
 131
 166
 233
              
Other income (expense):              
Interest expense(59) (55) (118) (109)(61) (59) (124) (118)
Allowance for borrowed funds3
 2
 5
 3
4
 3
 8
 5
Allowance for equity funds8
 4
 14
 8
13
 8
 23
 14
Other, net2
 3
 8
 6
13
 7
 23
 18
Total other income (expense)(46) (46) (91) (92)(31) (41) (70) (81)
              
Income before income tax benefit90
 94
 152
 148
56
 90
 96
 152
Income tax benefit(41) (33) (81) (52)(47) (41) (110) (81)
              
Net income$131
 $127
 $233
 $200
$103
 $131
 $206
 $233

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



MIDAMERICAN FUNDING, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN MEMBER'S EQUITY (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss, Net
 
Total
Equity
Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Total Member's
Equity
            
Balance, December 31, 2015$1,679
 $3,876
 $(30) $5,525
Net income
 200
 
 200
Other comprehensive income
 
 2
 2
Transfer to affiliate
 
 27
 27
Balance, June 30, 2016$1,679
 $4,076
 $(1) $5,754
       
Balance, December 31, 2016$1,679
 $4,407
 $
 $6,086
$1,679
 $4,407
 $6,086
Net income
 233
 
 233

 233
 233
Balance, June 30, 2017$1,679
 $4,640
 $
 $6,319
$1,679
 $4,640
 $6,319
     
Balance, December 31, 2017$1,679
 $4,981
 $6,660
Net income
 206
 206
Balance, June 30, 2018$1,679
 $5,187
 $6,866

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



MIDAMERICAN FUNDING, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

Six-Month PeriodsSix-Month Periods
Ended June 30,Ended June 30,
2017 20162018 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income$233
 $200
$206
 $233
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities:      
Depreciation and amortization258
 220
366
 258
Amortization of utility plant to other operating expenses17
 17
Allowance for equity funds(23) (14)
Deferred income taxes and amortization of investment tax credits27
 45
(10) 27
Changes in other assets and liabilities19
 21
Other, net(17) (23)9
 (1)
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities:      
Receivables, net19
 (30)
Accounts receivable and other assets4
 18
Inventories30
 (18)45
 30
Derivative collateral, net2
 3

 2
Contributions to pension and other postretirement benefit plans, net(5) (3)(7) (5)
Accounts payable(79) (33)
Accounts payable and other liabilities(96) (74)
Accrued property, income and other taxes, net(88) 213
143
 (88)
Other current assets and liabilities2
 9
Net cash flows from operating activities401
 604
654
 403
      
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Utility construction expenditures(545) (506)
Purchases of available-for-sale securities(81) (54)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities77
 55
Capital expenditures(818) (545)
Purchases of marketable securities(147) (81)
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities125
 77
Other, net5
 
27
 (5)
Net cash flows from investing activities(544) (505)(813) (554)
      
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Proceeds from long-term debt843
 
687
 843
Repayments of long-term debt(255) (4)(350) (255)
Net change in note payable to affiliate10
 6
(3) 10
Net repayments of short-term debt(99) 

 (99)
Net cash flows from financing activities499
 2
334
 499
      
Net change in cash and cash equivalents356
 101
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period15
 103
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$371
 $204
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents175
 348
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period282
 27
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period$457
 $375

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



MIDAMERICAN FUNDING, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

(1)General

MidAmerican Funding, LLC ("MidAmerican Funding") is an Iowa limited liability company with Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company ("BHE") as its sole member. BHE is a consolidated subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. ("Berkshire Hathaway"). MidAmerican Funding's direct, wholly owned subsidiary is MHC Inc. ("MHC"), which constitutes substantially all of MidAmerican Funding's assets, liabilities and business activities except those related to MidAmerican Funding's long-term debt securities. MHC conducts no business other than the ownership of its subsidiaries and related corporate services. MHC's principal subsidiary is MidAmerican Energy Company ("MidAmerican Energy"), a public utility with electric and natural gas operations. Direct, wholly owned nonregulated subsidiaries of MHC are Midwest Capital Group, Inc. and MEC Construction Services Co.

The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and regulations for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. Management believes the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for the fair presentation of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements as of June 30, 2017,2018, and for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016.2017. The results of operations for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017,2018, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

The preparation of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Actual results may differ from the estimates used in preparing the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in MidAmerican Funding's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016,2017, describes the most significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. There have been no significant changes in MidAmerican Funding's assumptions regarding significant accounting estimates and policies during the six-month period ended June 30, 2017.2018.

(2)New Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 2 of MidAmerican Energy's Notes to Financial Statements.

(3)Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, which amends FASB ASC Subtopic 230-10, "Statement of Cash Flows - Overall." The amendments in this guidance require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. MidAmerican Funding adopted this guidance January 1, 2018.



Cash equivalents consist of funds invested in money market mutual funds, United States Treasury Bills and other investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. Cash and cash equivalents exclude amounts where availability is restricted by legal requirements, loan agreements or other contractual provisions. Restricted cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, consist substantially of funds restricted for the purpose of constructing solid waste facilities under tax-exempt bond obligation agreements. A reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows is outlined below and disaggregated by the line items in which they appear on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):
 As of
 June 30 December 31
 2018 2017
    
Cash and cash equivalents$370
 $172
Restricted cash and cash equivalents in other current assets87
 110
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents$457
 $282

(4)Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Refer to Note 34 of MidAmerican Energy's Notes to Financial Statements. In addition to MidAmerican Energy's property, plant and equipment, net, MidAmerican Funding had as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, nonregulated property gross of $21$24 million and $22 million, respectively, related accumulated depreciation and amortization of $9$10 million, and construction work-in-progress of $2 million and $1 million, respectively, which consisted primarily of a corporate aircraft owned by MHC.

(4)    Recent Financing Transactions
(5)Recent Financing Transactions

Refer to Note 45 of MidAmerican Energy's Notes to Financial Statements.



(5)(6)Income Taxes

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("2017 Tax Reform") impacts many areas of income tax law. The most material items include the reduction of the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, and limitations on bonus depreciation for utility property.

In December 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") 118 to assist in the implementation process of 2017 Tax Reform by allowing for calculations to be classified as provisional and subject to remeasurement. There are three different classifications for the accounting: (1) completed, (2) not complete but reasonably estimable or (3) not complete and amounts are not reasonably estimable. MidAmerican Funding has recorded the impacts of 2017 Tax Reform and believes all the impacts to be complete with the exception of interpretations of the bonus depreciation rules. MidAmerican Funding has determined the amounts recorded and the interpretations relating to this item to be provisional and subject to remeasurement during the measurement period upon obtaining the necessary additional information to complete the accounting. MidAmerican Funding believes its interpretations for bonus depreciation to be reasonable; however, as the guidance is clarified estimates may change. The accounting is estimated to be completed by December 2018.

Iowa Senate File 2417

In May 2018, Iowa Senate File 2417 was signed into law in the state of Iowa, which, among other items, reduces the state of Iowa corporate tax rate from 12% to 9.8% and eliminates corporate federal deductibility, both for tax years starting in 2021. GAAP requires the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates be recognized in the period the tax rate change was enacted. As a result of Iowa Senate File 2417, MidAmerican Funding reduced net deferred income tax liabilities $54 million and decreased deferred income tax benefit by $2 million. As it is probable the change in deferred taxes for MidAmerican Energy will be passed back to customers through regulatory mechanisms, MidAmerican Funding increased net regulatory liabilities by $56 million.



A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to MidAmerican Funding's effective income tax rate applicable to income before income tax benefit is as follows:
Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
              
Federal statutory income tax rate35 % 35 % 35 % 35 %21 % 35 % 21 % 35 %
Income tax credits(71) (63) (78) (63)(86) (71) (113) (78)
State income tax, net of federal income tax benefit(5) (5) (2) (2)(8) (5) (9) (2)
Effects of ratemaking(5) (2) (8) (6)(10) (5) (14) (8)
Other, net

 
 
 1
(1) 
 
 
Effective income tax rate(46)% (35)% (53)% (35)%(84)% (46)% (115)% (53)%

Income tax credits relate primarily to production tax credits from MidAmerican Energy's wind-powered generating facilities. Federal renewable electricity production tax credits are earned as energy from qualifying wind-powered generating facilities is produced and sold and are based on a per-kilowatt hour rate pursuant to the applicable federal income tax law. Wind-powered generating facilities are eligible for the credits for 10 years from the date the qualifying generating facilities are placed in-service.

Berkshire Hathaway includes BHE and subsidiaries in its United States federal and Iowa state income tax return.returns. Consistent with established regulatory practice, MidAmerican Funding's and MidAmerican Energy's provisions for income taxestax have been computed on a stand-alone basis, and substantially all of their currently payable or receivable income taxes aretax is remitted to or received from BHE. MidAmerican Funding received net cash payments for income taxestax from BHE totaling $8$234 million and $313$8 million for the six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively.

(6)(7)Employee Benefit Plans

Refer to Note 67 of MidAmerican Energy's Notes to Financial Statements.

(7)(8)Asset Retirement Obligations

Refer to Note 8 of MidAmerican Energy's Notes to Financial Statements.

(9)Fair Value Measurements

Refer to Note 79 of MidAmerican Energy's Notes to Financial Statements. MidAmerican Funding's long-term debt is carried at cost on the Consolidated Financial Statements. The fair value of MidAmerican Funding's long-term debt is a Level 2 fair value measurement and has been estimated based upon quoted market prices, where available, or at the present value of future cash flows discounted at rates consistent with comparable maturities with similar credit risks. The carrying value of MidAmerican Funding's variable-rate long-term debt approximates fair value because of the frequent repricing of these instruments at market rates. The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of MidAmerican Funding's long-term debt (in millions):
 As of June 30, 2017 As of December 31, 2016
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
        
Long-term debt$5,219
 $5,867
 $4,627
 $5,164
 As of June 30, 2018 As of December 31, 2017
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
        
Long-term debt$5,620
 $5,953
 $5,282
 $6,006

(8)    Commitments and Contingencies
(10)Commitments and Contingencies

MidAmerican Funding is party to a variety of legal actions arising out of the normal course of business. Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. MidAmerican Funding does not believe that such normal and routine litigation will have a material impact on its consolidated financial results.

Refer to Note 810 of MidAmerican Energy's Notes to Financial Statements.




(9)(11)Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), NetRevenue from Contracts with Customers

Refer to Note 911 of MidAmerican Energy's Notes to Financial Statements. Additionally, MidAmerican Funding had $1 million and $2 million of other Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 revenue for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018, respectively.

(10)    Segment Information
(12)Segment Information

MidAmerican Funding has identified two reportable segments: regulated electric and regulated gas. The regulated electric segment derives most of its revenue from regulated retail sales of electricity to residential, commercial, and industrial customers and from wholesale sales. The regulated gas segment derives most of its revenue from regulated retail sales of natural gas to residential, commercial, and industrial customers and also obtains revenue by transporting gas owned by others through its distribution system. Pricing for regulated electric and regulated gas sales are established separately by regulatory agencies; therefore, management also reviews each segment separately to make decisions regarding allocation of resources and in evaluating performance. Common operating costs, interest income, interest expense and income tax expense are allocated to each segment based on certain factors, which primarily relate to the nature of the cost. "Other" in the tables below consists of the financial results and assets of nonregulated operations, MHC and MidAmerican Funding.

The following tables provide information on a reportable segment basis (in millions):
 Three-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Operating revenue:       
Regulated electric$537
 $481
 $970
 $880
Regulated gas120
 102
 382
 328
Other2
 2
 3
 3
Total operating revenue$659
 $585
 $1,355
 $1,211
        
Depreciation and amortization:       
Regulated electric$130
 $100
 $237
 $199
Regulated gas11
 10
 21
 21
Total depreciation and amortization$141
 $110
 $258
 $220
        
Operating income:       
Regulated electric$128
 $135
 $195
 $192
Regulated gas7
 4
 47
 47
Other1
 1
 1
 1
Total operating income$136
 $140
 $243
 $240
As ofThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
June 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
Total assets(1):
   
2018 2017 2018 2017
Operating revenue:       
Regulated electric$16,062
 $15,304
$589
 $537
 $1,058
 $970
Regulated gas1,348
 1,424
127
 120
 402
 382
Other23
 19
2
 2
 5
 3
Total assets$17,433
 $16,747
Total operating revenue$718
 $659
 $1,465
 $1,355
       
Operating income:       
Regulated electric$78
 $125
 $114
 $188
Regulated gas8
 5
 51
 44
Other1
 1
 1
 1
Total operating income87
 131
 166
 233
Interest expense(61) (59) (124) (118)
Allowance for borrowed funds4
 3
 8
 5
Allowance for equity funds13
 8
 23
 14
Other, net13
 7
 23
 18
Income before income tax benefit$56
 $90
 $96
 $152

 As of
 June 30,
2018
 December 31,
2017
Assets(1):
   
Regulated electric$16,803
 $16,105
Regulated gas1,353
 1,482
Other16
 34
Total assets$18,172
 $17,621
(1)Total assetsAssets by reportable segment reflect the assignment of goodwill to applicable reporting units.



Item 2.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

MidAmerican Funding is an Iowa limited liability company whose sole member is BHE. MidAmerican Funding owns all of the outstanding common stock of MHC Inc., which owns all of the common stock of MidAmerican Energy, Midwest Capital Group, Inc. and MEC Construction Services Co. MidAmerican Energy is a public utility company headquartered in Des Moines, Iowa. MHC Inc., MidAmerican Funding and BHE are also headquartered in Des Moines, Iowa.

The following is management's discussion and analysis of certain significant factors that have affected the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of MidAmerican Funding and its subsidiaries and MidAmerican Energy as presented in this joint filing. Information in Management's Discussion and Analysis related to MidAmerican Energy, whether or not segregated, also relates to MidAmerican Funding. Information related to other subsidiaries of MidAmerican Funding pertains only to the discussion of the financial condition and results of operations of MidAmerican Funding. Where necessary, discussions have been segregated under the heading "MidAmerican Funding" to allow the reader to identify information applicable only to MidAmerican Funding. Explanations include management's best estimate of the impact of weather, customer growth and other factors. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the historical unaudited Financial Statements and Notes to Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q. MidAmerican Energy's and MidAmerican Funding's actual results in the future could differ significantly from the historical results.

Results of Operations for the Second Quarter and First Six Months of 20172018 and 20162017

Overview

MidAmerican Energy -

MidAmerican Energy's net income for the second quarter of 20172018 was $134$106 million, an increasea decrease of $3$28 million, or 2%21%, compared to 20162017 primarily due to higher marginsdepreciation and amortization of $39$67 million from changes in accruals for Iowa revenue sharing and additional plant in-service and higher recognized production tax creditsfossil-fueled generation maintenance of $5$13 million, partially offset by higher depreciationelectric utility margins of $44 million and amortizationa higher income tax benefit of $31$6 million substantiallyprimarily from accruals for Iowa regulatory arrangements, and higher operations and maintenance expensesa lower federal tax rate, net of $11a $15 million reduction in recognized production tax credits. Electric utility margins increased due primarily to higher generation maintenance from wind turbine additions and higher demand-side management ("DSM") program costs recoverable inrecoveries through bill riders. The increase in electric margins of $36 million reflects higher wholesale revenue from higher sales prices and volumes, higher transmission revenue andriders, higher retail customer volumes of 8.1% from industrial growth netand the favorable impact of lower residential and commercial volumes due to milder temperatures,weather, partially offset by lower average rates of $27 million predominantly from accruals related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted on December 22, 2017 ("2017 Tax Reform") and higher coal-fueled generation and purchased power costs.

MidAmerican Energy's net income for the first six months of 20172018 was $239$212 million, an increasea decrease of $32$27 million, or 15%11%, compared to 20162017 primarily due primarily to higher margins of $62 million and higher recognized production tax credits of $26 million, partially offset by higher depreciation and amortization of $38$108 million from changes in accruals for Iowa regulatory arrangementsrevenue sharing and additional plant in-service, higher fossil-fueled generation maintenance of $15 million, higher wind-powered generating facilities placed in-servicegeneration maintenance of $11 million and increases in the second halfother operating expenses, partially offset by higher electric utility margins of 2016,$74 million, higher natural gas utility margins of $8 million and a higher income tax benefit of $29 million primarily from a lower federal tax rate, net of a $10 million reduction in depreciation rates in December 2016, and higher operations and maintenance expenses of $17 millionrecognized production tax credits. Electric utility margins increased due primarily to higher maintenance from additional wind turbines and higher DSM program costs recoverable in bill riders. The increase in electric margins of $60 million reflects higher wholesale revenue from higher sales prices and volumes, higher transmission revenue and higher retail customer volumes from industrial growth, net of lower residential and commercial volumes due to milder temperatures, and higher recoveries through bill riders, higher retail customer volumes of 7.5% from the favorable impact of weather and industrial growth and higher transmission revenue, partially offset by lower average rates of $53 million predominantly from accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform and higher coal-fueled generation and purchased power costs. Natural gas utility margins increased due to higher retail sales volumes of 24.7% from colder temperatures, partially offset by lower average rates partially due to accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform.

MidAmerican Funding -

MidAmerican Funding's net income for the second quarter of 20172018 was $131$103 million, an increasea decrease of $4$28 million, or 3%21%, compared to 2016.2017. MidAmerican Funding's net income for the first six months of 20172018 was $233$206 million, an increasea decrease of $33$27 million, or 17%12%, compared to 2016.The increases2017. The decreases were primarily due primarily to the changes in MidAmerican Energy's earnings discussed above.

Non-GAAP Financial Measure

Management utilizes various key financial measures that are prepared in accordance with GAAP, as well as non-GAAP financial measures such as, Electric Utility Margin and Gas Utility Margin, to help evaluate results of operations. Electric Utility Margin is calculated as regulated electric operating revenue less cost of fuel and energy, which are captions presented on the Statements of Operations. Gas Utility Margin is calculated as regulated gas operating revenue less regulated cost of gas purchased for resale, which are included in regulated gas and other and cost of gas purchased for resale and other, respectively, on the Statements of Operations.



MidAmerican Energy’s cost of fuel and energy and regulated cost of gas purchased for resale are directly recovered from its customers through regulatory recovery mechanisms, and as a result, changes in MidAmerican Energy’s revenue are comparable to changes in such expenses. As such, management believes Electric Utility Margin and Gas Utility Margin more appropriately and concisely explain profitability rather than a discussion of revenue and cost of sales separately. Management believes the presentation of Electric Utility Margin and Gas Utility Margin provides meaningful and valuable insight into the information management considers important to running the business and a measure of comparability to others in the industry.

Electric Utility Margin and Gas Utility Margin is not a measure calculated in accordance with GAAP and should be viewed as a supplement to and not a substitute for operating income, which is the most comparable financial measure prepared in accordance with GAAP. The following table provides a reconciliation of utility margin to MidAmerican Energy's operating income (in millions):
  Second Quarter First Six Months
  2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
Electric utility margin:              
Regulated electric operating revenue $589
 $537
 $52
10 % $1,058
 $970
 $88
9 %
Cost of fuel and energy 118
 110
 8
7
 226
 212
 14
7
Electric utility margin 471
 427
 44
10
 832
 758
 74
10
               
Gas utility margin:              
Regulated gas operating revenue 127
 120
 7
6 % 402
 382
 20
5
Cost of gas purchased for resale 67
 62
 5
8
 246
 234
 12
5
Gas utility margin 60
 58
 2
3
 156
 148
 8
5
               
Utility margin 531
 485
 46
9 % 988
 906
 82
9
               
Other operating revenue 1
 1
 

 3
 1
 2
*
Operations and maintenance 207
 186
 21
11 % 397
 357
 40
11
Depreciation and amortization 208
 141
 67
48
 366
 258
 108
42
Property and other taxes 30
 29
 1
3
 62
 60
 2
3
               
Operating income $87
 $130
 $(43)(33)% $166
 $232
 $(66)(28)

*    Not meaningful.



Regulated Electric GrossUtility Margin

A comparison of key operating results related to regulated electric grossutility margin is as follows:
Second Quarter First Six MonthsSecond Quarter First Six Months
2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
Gross margin (in millions):               
Electric utility margin (in millions):               
Operating revenue$537
 $481
 $56
 12 % $970
 $880
 $90
 10 %$589
 $537
 $52
 10 % $1,058
 $970
 $88
 9 %
Cost of fuel, energy and capacity110
 90
 20
 22
 212
 182
 30
 16
Gross margin$427
 $391
 $36
 9
 $758
 $698
 $60
 9
Cost of fuel and energy118
 110
 8
 7
 226
 212
 14
 7
Electric utility margin$471
 $427
 $44
 10
 $832
 $758
 $74
 10
                              
Electricity Sales (GWh):                              
Residential1,394
 1,417
 (23) (2)% 2,963
 3,049
 (86) (3)%1,569
 1,394
 175
 13 % 3,355
 2,963
 392
 13 %
Commercial882
 888
 (6) (1) 1,809
 1,836
 (27) (1)934
 882
 52
 6
 1,919
 1,809
 110
 6
Industrial3,250
 3,073
 177
 6
 6,255
 5,893
 362
 6
3,483
 3,250
 233
 7
 6,608
 6,255
 353
 6
Other382
 385
 (3) (1) 774
 786
 (12) (2)400
 382
 18
 5
 803
 774
 29
 4
Total retail5,908
 5,763
 145
 3
 11,801
 11,564
 237
 2
6,386
 5,908
 478
 8
 12,685
 11,801
 884
 7
Wholesale2,878
 1,565
 1,313
 84
 5,591
 3,583
 2,008
 56
2,454
 2,878
 (424) (15) 5,019
 5,591
 (572) (10)
Total sales8,786
 7,328
 1,458
 20
 17,392
 15,147
 2,245
 15
8,840
 8,786
 54
 1
 17,704
 17,392
 312
 2
                              
Average number of retail customers (in thousands)769
 759
 10
 1 % 767
 758
 9
 1 %778
 769
 9
 1 % 778
 767
 11
 1 %
                              
Average revenue per MWh:                              
Retail$75.19
 $75.07
 $0.12
  % $67.78
 $67.01
 $0.77
 1 %$79.32
 $75.19
 $4.13
 5 % $70.55
 $67.78
 $2.77
 4 %
Wholesale$24.37
 $20.80
 $3.57
 17 % $23.43
 $19.83
 $3.60
 18 %$25.79
 $24.37
 $1.42
 6 % $24.19
 $23.43
 $0.76
 3 %
                              
Heating degree days496
 519
 (23) (4)% 3,159
 3,361
 (202) (6)%700
 496
 204
 41 % 4,035
 3,159
 876
 28 %
Cooling degree days346
 428
 (82) (19)% 346
 429
 (83) (19)%511
 346
 165
 48 % 511
 346
 165
 48 %
                              
Sources of energy (GWh)(1):
                              
Coal3,703
 2,378
 1,325
 56 % 6,665
 5,289
 1,376
 26 %3,405
 3,703
 (298) (8)% 6,734
 6,665
 69
 1 %
Nuclear927
 948
 (21) (2) 1,859
 1,884
 (25) (1)957
 927
 30
 3
 1,848
 1,859
 (11) (1)
Natural gas10
 180
 (170) (94) 17
 208
 (191) (92)229
 10
 219
 * 274
 17
 257
 *
Wind and other(2)
3,416
 2,900
 516
 18
 7,200
 6,031
 1,169
 19
3,280
 3,416
 (136) (4) 7,265
 7,200
 65
 1
Total energy generated8,056
 6,406
 1,650
 26
 15,741
 13,412
 2,329
 17
7,871
 8,056
 (185) (2) 16,121
 15,741
 380
 2
Energy purchased868
 1,148
 (280) (24) 1,944
 2,114
 (170) (8)1,168
 868
 300
 35
 1,956
 1,944
 12
 1
Total8,924
 7,554
 1,370
 18
 17,685
 15,526
 2,159
 14
9,039
 8,924
 115
 1
 18,077
 17,685
 392
 2

*Not meaningful.

(1)GWh amounts are net of energy used by the related generating facilities.

(2)All or some of the renewable energy attributes associated with generation from these generating facilities may be: (a) used in future years to comply with renewable portfolio standards or other regulatory requirements or (b) sold to third parties in the form of renewable energy credits or other environmental commodities.


Regulated electric grossutility margin increased $36$44 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due primarily to:
(1)Higher wholesale grossretail utility margin of $23$46 million due primarily to higher margins per unit from higher market prices and higher sales volumes enabled by greater availability of lower cost generation;-
an increase of $54 million from higher recoveries through bill riders, including $5 million of electric DSM program revenue (offset in operating expense);
an increase of $19 million from the impact of weather;
an increase of $14 million from non-weather-related usage factors, including higher industrial sales volumes; partially offset by
a decrease of $27 million in average rates predominantly from accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform; and
a decrease of $14 million from higher retail energy costs primarily due to higher generation and purchased power costs; and
(2)Lower Multi-Value Projects ("MVPs") transmission revenue of $2 million due to refund accruals for lower than anticipated capital additions.

Regulated electric utility margin increased $74 million for the first six months of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to:
(1)Higher retail utility margin of $68 million due to -
an increase of $87 million from higher recoveries through bill riders, including $12 million of electric DSM program revenue (offset in operating expense);
an increase of $28 million from the impact of weather;
an increase of $27 million from non-weather-related usage factors, including higher industrial sales volumes; partially offset by
a decrease of $53 million in averages rates predominantly from accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform; and
a decrease of $21 million from higher retail energy costs primarily due to higher generation and purchased power costs;
(2)Higher Multi-Value Projects ("MVPs") transmission revenue of $6$4 million due to continued capital additions; and
(3)Higher retail gross margin of $5 million due to -
an increase of $17 million primarily from non-weather-related usage factors, including higher industrial sales volumes;
an increase of $2 million from higher recoveries through bill riders;
a decrease of $3 million from higher retail energy costs due primarily to higher coal-fueled generation and higher purchased power costs; and
a decrease of $11 million from the impact of milder temperatures.

Regulated electric gross margin increased $60 million for the first six months of 2017 compared to 2016 due primarily to:
(1)Higher wholesale gross margin of $44$2 million due primarily to higher margins per unit from higher market prices, and highersubstantially offset by lower sales volumes enabled by greater availability of lower cost generation;
(2)Higher retail gross margin of $9 million due to -
an increase of $25 million primarily from non-weather-related usage factors, including higher industrial sales volumes;
an increase of $9 million from higher recoveries through bill riders;
a decrease of $12 million from higher retail energy costs due primarily to higher coal-fueled generation and higher purchased power costs; and
a decrease of $13 million from the impact of milder temperatures; and
(3)Higher MVPs transmission revenue of $5 million due to continued capital additions.volumes.



Regulated Gas GrossUtility Margin

A comparison of key operating results related to regulated gas grossutility margin is as follows:
Second Quarter First Six MonthsSecond Quarter First Six Months
2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
Gross margin (in millions):               
Gas utility margin (in millions):               
Operating revenue$120
 $102
 $18
 18 % $382
 $328
 $54
 16 %$127
 $120
 $7
 6 % $402
 $382
 $20
 5 %
Cost of gas sold62
 47
 15
 32
 234
 182
 52
 29
Gross margin$58
 $55
 $3
 5
 $148
 $146
 $2
 1
Cost of gas purchased for resale67
 62
 5
 8
 246
 234
 12
 5
Gas utility margin$60
 $58
 $2
 3
 $156
 $148
 $8
 5
                              
Natural gas throughput (000's Dth):                              
Residential5,551
 5,973
 (422) (7) % 26,669
 28,301
 (1,632) (6) %7,641
 5,551
 2,090
 38 % 33,720
 26,669
 7,051
 26 %
Commercial2,740
 3,067
 (327) (11) 13,009
 13,889
 (880) (6)3,757
 2,740
 1,017
 37
 16,010
 13,009
 3,001
 23
Industrial870
 1,057
 (187) (18) 2,353
 2,652
 (299) (11)1,289
 870
 419
 48
 2,705
 2,353
 352
 15
Other6
 6
 
 
 27
 25
 2
 8
8
 6
 2
 33
 30
 27
 3
 11
Total retail sales9,167
 10,103
 (936) (9) 42,058
 44,867
 (2,809) (6)12,695
 9,167
 3,528
 38
 52,465
 42,058
 10,407
 25
Wholesale sales7,697
 8,264
 (567) (7) 20,296
 20,047
 249
 1
9,195
 7,697
 1,498
 19
 20,371
 20,296
 75
 
Total sales16,864
 18,367
 (1,503) (8) 62,354
 64,914
 (2,560) (4)21,890
 16,864
 5,026
 30
 72,836
 62,354
 10,482
 17
Gas transportation service20,288
 17,965
 2,323
 13
 45,647
 42,030
 3,617
 9
22,632
 20,288
 2,344
 12
 52,092
 45,647
 6,445
 14
Total gas throughput37,152
 36,332
 820
 2
 108,001
 106,944
 1,057
 1
44,522
 37,152
 7,370
 20
 124,928
 108,001
 16,927
 16
                              
Average number of retail customers (in thousands)746
 738
 8
 1 % 747
 739
 8
 1 %755
 746
 9
 1 % 757
 747
 10
 1 %
Average revenue per retail Dth sold$9.81
 $7.80
 $2.01
 26 % $7.25
 $6.06
 $1.19
 20 %$7.56
 $9.81
 $(2.25) (23) % $6.24
 $7.25
 $(1.01) (14) %
Average cost of natural gas per retail Dth sold$4.38
 $3.10
 $1.28
 41 % $4.17
 $3.19
 $0.98
 31 %$3.42
 $4.38
 $(0.96) (22) % $3.63
 $4.17
 $(0.54) (13) %
                              
Combined retail and wholesale average cost of natural gas per Dth sold$3.69
 $2.59
 $1.10
 42 % $3.75
 $2.81
 $0.94
 33 %$3.04
 $3.69
 $(0.65) (18) % $3.37
 $3.75
 $(0.38) (10) %
                              
Heating degree days552
 573
 (21) (4) % 3,361
 3,545
 (184) (5) %734
 552
 182
 33 % 4,177
 3,361
 816
 24 %

Regulated gas revenue includes purchased gas adjustment clauses through which MidAmerican Energy is allowed to recover the cost of gas soldpurchased for resale from its retail gas utility customers. Consequently, fluctuations in the cost of gas soldpurchased for resale do not directly affect grossutility margin or net income because regulated gas revenue reflects comparable fluctuations through the purchased gas adjustment clauses. For the second quarter of 2017,2018, MidAmerican Energy's combined retail and wholesale average per-unit cost of gas sold increased 42%decreased 18%, resulting in an increasea decrease of $18$14 million in gas revenue and cost of gas soldpurchased for resale compared to 2016, partially2017, which was more than offset by lowerhigher gas sales.sales volumes. For the first six months of 2017,2018, MidAmerican Energy's combined retail and wholesale average per-unit cost of gas sold increased 33%decreased 10%, resulting in an increasea decrease of $58$27 million in gas revenue and cost of gas soldpurchased for resale compared to 2016, partially2017, which was more than offset by lowerhigher gas sales.sales volumes.

Regulated gas grossutility margin increased $3$2 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to -to:
(1)aAn increase of $4 million from higher average per-unit marginretail sales volumes due to the impact of $2 million; andcolder temperatures; partially offset by
(2)higher recoveries of DSM program costsA decrease of $1 million.

Regulated gas gross margin increased $2 million for the first six months of 2017 compared to 2016 due primarily to -
(1)a higher average per-unit marginmillion from other usage and rate factors, including the impact of $2 million;
(2)higher recoveries of DSM program costs of $2 million;accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform; and
(3)A decrease of $1 million from lower gas transportation service prices.
Regulated gas utility margin increased $8 million for the first six months of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to:
(1)An increase of $13 million from higher retail sales volumes due to the impact of $2colder temperatures;
(2)An increase of $1 million from warmer winter temperatures.higher gas transportation services; partially offset by
(3)A decrease of $7 million from other usage and rate factors, including the impact of accruals related to 2017 Tax Reform.



Operating Costs and Expenses

MidAmerican Energy -

Operations and maintenance increased $11$21 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due primarily to $5higher fossil-fueled generation maintenance of $13 million of higher DSM program costs, which is offset in operating revenue, and $4 million offrom planned outages, higher wind-powered generation maintenance from additional wind turbines.turbines of $5 million and higher demand side management program expense of $4 million, which is recoverable in bill riders and offset in operating revenue.

Operations and maintenance increased $17$40 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due primarily to $9higher fossil-fueled generation maintenance of $15 million from planned outages, higher demand side management program expense of $12 million and higher DSM programtransmission operations costs from MISO of $3 million, both of which isare recoverable in bill riders and offset in operating revenue, and $7 million of higher wind-powered generation maintenance from additional wind turbines.turbines of $11 million.

Depreciation and amortization increased $31$67 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 due to higher accruals for Iowa regulatory arrangements totaling $29revenue sharing of $51 million and utility$15 million related to wind generation and other plant additions, including wind-powered generating facilities placed in-service in the second half of 2016, partially offset by $8 million from lower depreciation rates implemented in December 2016.in-service.

Depreciation and amortization increased $38$108 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 due to higher accruals for Iowa regulatory arrangements totaling $34revenue sharing of $79 million and utility$29 million related to wind generation and other plant additions, including wind-powered generating facilities placed in-service in the second half of 2016, partially offset by $17 million from lower depreciation rates implemented in December 2016.in-service.

Other Income (Expense)

MidAmerican Energy -

Interest expense increased $5 million and $9 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2017, respectively, compared to 2016 due to higher interest expense from the issuance of $850 million of first mortgage bonds in February 2017, partially offset by the redemption of a $250 million of 5.95% Senior Notes in February 2017.

Allowance for borrowed and equity funds increased $5$3 million and $8 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2017,2018, respectively, compared to 20162017 primarily due to higher interest expense from the issuance of $700 million of 3.65% first mortgage bonds in February 2018, partially offset by the redemption of $350 million of 5.30% senior notes in March 2018.

Allowance for borrowed and equity funds increased $6 million and $12 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared to 2017 primarily due to higher construction work-in-progress balances related to wind-powered generation.

Other, net increased $5 million and $3 million for the second quarter and first six months of 20172018, respectively, compared to 20162017 primarily due to higher interest income from favorable cash positions and, for the second quarter, higher returns on corporate-owned life insurance policies.

Income Tax Benefit

MidAmerican Energy -

MidAmerican Energy's income tax benefit increased $7 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 2016,2017, and the effective tax rate was (77)% for 2018 and (41)% for 2017 and (32)% for 2016.2017. For the first six months of 20172018 compared to 2016,2017, MidAmerican Energy's income tax benefit increased $27$32 million in 2018 compared to 2017, and the effective tax rate was (104)% for 2018 and (47)% for 2017 and (31)% for 2016.2017. The changes in the effective tax rates for 20172018 compared to 20162017 were substantially due to an increasethe reduction in recognizedthe United States federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018, the recognition of production tax credits and the effects of ratemaking.

Production tax credits are recognized in earnings for interim periods based on the application of an estimated annual effective tax rate to pretax earnings. Federal renewable electricity production tax credits are earned as energy from qualifying wind-powered generating facilities is produced and sold and are based on a per-kilowatt hour rate pursuant to the applicable federal income tax law. Wind-powered generating facilities are eligible for the credits for 10 years from the date the qualifying generating facilities were placed in service.in-service. Production tax credits recognized in the first six months of 20172018 were $118$108 million, or $26$10 million higherlower than the first six months of 2016,2017, while production tax credits earned in the first six months of 20172018 were $157$164 million, or $27$7 million higher than the first six months of 20162017 due primarily to wind-powered generation placed in-service in late 2016.2017, partially offset by facilities no longer eligible to earn production tax credits. The difference between production tax credits recognized and earned of $39$56 million as of June 30, 2017,2018, will be reflected in earnings over the remainder of 2017.2018.



MidAmerican Funding -

MidAmerican Funding's income tax benefit increased $8$6 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 2016,2017, and the effective tax rate was (84)% for 2018 and (46)% for 2017. For the first six months of 2018 compared to 2017, and (35)% for 2016. MidAmerican Funding's income tax benefit increased $29 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 2016,2017, and the effective tax rate was (115)% for 2018 and (53)% for 2017 and (35)% for 2016.The2017. The changes in the effective tax rates were principally due to the factors discussed for MidAmerican Energy.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2017,2018, MidAmerican Energy's total net liquidity was $1.06 billion consisting of $370 million of cash and cash equivalents and $905 million of credit facilities reduced by $220 million of the credit facilities reserved to support MidAmerican Energy's variable-rate tax-exempt bond obligations. As of June 30, 2017, MidAmerican Funding's total net liquidity was $1.06 billion, including MHC Inc.'s $4 million credit facility.were as follows (in millions):
MidAmerican Energy:  
Cash and cash equivalents $369
   
Credit facilities, maturing 2019 and 2021 905
Less:  
Tax-exempt bond support (370)
Net credit facilities 535
   
MidAmerican Energy total net liquidity $904
   
MidAmerican Funding:  
MidAmerican Energy total net liquidity $904
Cash and cash equivalents 1
MHC, Inc. credit facility, maturing 2019 4
MidAmerican Funding total net liquidity $909

Operating Activities

MidAmerican Energy's net cash flows from operating activities for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, were $409$651 million and $609$411 million, respectively. MidAmerican Funding's net cash flows from operating activities for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, were $401$654 million and $604$403 million, respectively. Cash flows from operating activities decreasedincreased primarily due primarily to the timing of MidAmerican Energy's income tax cash flows with BHE and greater payments to vendors, partially offset by higher cash gross margins for MidAmerican Energy's regulated electric business, including fuel inventory reductions.partially offset by greater payments to vendors and the timing of working capital. MidAmerican Energy's income tax cash flows with BHE totaled net cash payments from BHEreceipts in 2018 and 2017 of $246 million and $7 million, and $308 million, respectively. Income tax cash flows for 2016 reflect the receipt of $106 million of income tax benefits generated in 2015. The timing of MidAmerican Energy's income tax cash flows from period to period can be significantly affected by the estimated federal income tax payment methods and assumptions for each payment date.

In December 2015,2017, 2017 Tax Reform was enacted which, among other items, reduced the Protecting Americansfederal corporate tax rate from Tax Hikes Act of 2015 ("PATH") was signed into law, extending bonus depreciation for qualifying property acquired and placed in service before35% to 21% effective January 1, 2020 (bonus depreciation rates will be 50% for 2015-2017, 40% in 2018 and 30% in 2019), with an additional year for certain longer lived assets. Production tax credits were extended and phased-out for wind power and other forms of non-solar renewable energy projects that begin construction before the end of 2019. Production tax credits are maintained at the following levels for projects for which construction begins before the end of the respective year as follows: at full value for 2016, at 80% of present value for 2017, at 60% of present value for 2018, and 40% of present value for 2019. As a result of PATH, MidAmerican Energy's cash flows from operations are expected to benefit due toeliminated bonus depreciation on qualifying regulated utility assets placedacquired after September 27, 2017, but did not impact production tax credits. MidAmerican Energy believes for qualifying assets acquired on or before September 27, 2017, bonus depreciation will be available for 2018 and 2019. MidAmerican Energy is required to pass the benefits of lower tax expense to customers in service through 2019the form of either rate reductions or rate base reductions. MidAmerican Energy expects lower revenue and income tax as well as lower bonus depreciation benefits as a result of 2017 Tax Reform and related regulatory treatment. MidAmerican Energy does not expect 2017 Tax Reform and related regulatory treatment to have a material adverse impact on its cash flows. Refer to Regulatory Matters for further discussion of regulatory matters associated with 2017 Tax Reform.

Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") rules provide for re-establishment of the production tax credit for an existing wind-powered generating facility upon the replacement of a significant portion of its components. Such component replacement is commonly referred to as repowering. If the degree of component replacement in such projects meets IRS guidelines, production tax credits earned on qualifying windare re-established for ten years at rates that depend upon the date in which construction begins, as noted in the above paragraph. MidAmerican Energy’s current repowering projects through 2029.are expected to earn production tax credits at 100% of the value of such credits.



Investing Activities

MidAmerican Energy's net cash flows from investing activities for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, were $(542)$(813) million and $(505)$(552) million, respectively. MidAmerican Funding's net cash flows from investing activities for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, were $(544)$(813) million and $(505)$(554) million, respectively. Net cash flows from investing activities consist almost entirely of utility constructioncapital expenditures, which increased due to higher environmentalwind-powered generating facility construction and other operating constructionrepowering expenditures. Purchases and proceeds related to available-for-salemarketable securities primarily consist of activity within the Quad Cities Generating Station nuclear decommissioning trust.



Financing Activities

MidAmerican Energy's net cash flows from financing activities for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 were $489$336 million and $(4)$489 million, respectively. MidAmerican Funding's net cash flows from financing activities for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, were $334 million and 2016, were $499 million, respectively. In February 2018, MidAmerican Energy issued $700 million of its 3.65% First Mortgage Bonds due 2048. An amount equal to the net proceeds was used to finance capital expenditures, disbursed during the period from February 2, 2017 to October 31, 2017, with respect to investments in MidAmerican Energy's 2,000-megawatt (nameplate capacity) Wind XI project and $2the repowering of certain of MidAmerican Energy's existing wind facilities, which were previously financed with MidAmerican Energy's general funds. In March 2018, MidAmerican Energy repaid $350 million respectively.of its 5.30% Senior Notes due March 2018. In February 2017, MidAmerican Energy issued $375 million of its 3.10% First Mortgage Bonds due May 2027 and $475 million of its 3.95% First Mortgage Bonds due August 2047. An amount equal to the net proceeds was used to finance capital expenditures disbursed during the period from February 2, 2016 to February 1, 2017, with respect to investments in MidAmerican Energy's 551-megawatt Wind X and 2,000-megawatt Wind XI projects, which were previously financed with MidAmerican Energy's general funds. In February 2017, MidAmerican Energy redeemed in full through optional redemption its $250 million of its 5.95% Senior Notes due July 2017. In January 2016, MidAmerican Energy repaid $4 million of variable-rate tax-exempt pollution control refunding revenue bonds due January 2016. Through its commercial paper program, MidAmerican Energy made payments totaling $99 million in 2017. MidAmerican Funding repaid $(3) million and received $10 million in 2018 and $6 million in 2017, and 2016, respectively, through its note payable with BHE.

Debt Authorizations and Related Matters

MidAmerican Energy has authority from the FERC to issue through February 28, 2019,July 31, 2020, commercial paper and bank notes aggregating $905 million$1.3 billion at interest rates not to exceed the applicable London Interbank Offered Rate plus a spread of up to 400 basis points. MidAmerican Energy has a $900 million unsecured credit facility expiring in June 2020.2021 for which MidAmerican Energy may request that the banks extend the credit facility up to two years.one year. The credit facility, which supports MidAmerican Energy's commercial paper program and its variable-rate tax-exempt bond obligations and provides for the issuance of letters of credit, has a variable interest rate based on the Eurodollar rate or a base rate, at MidAmerican Energy's option, plus a spread that varies based on MidAmerican Energy's credit ratings for senior unsecured long-term debt securities. Additionally, MidAmerican Energy has a $5 million unsecured credit facility for general corporate purposes.

MidAmerican Energy currently has an effective registration statement with the United States Securities and Exchange CommissionSEC to issue an indeterminate amount of long-term debt securities through September 16, 2018.June 26, 2021. Additionally, MidAmerican Energy has authorization from the Illinois Commerce CommissionFERC to issue, through August 31, 2019, preferred stock up to an aggregate of $500 million and long-term debt securities up to an aggregate of $1.5 billion at interest rates not to exceed the applicable United States Treasury rate plus a spread of 175 basis points and from the ICC to issue preferred stock up to an aggregate of $500 million through November 1, 2020, and additional long-term debt securities up to an aggregate of $1.5 billion, of which $350$500 million expires March 15, 2018,2019, and $150 million$1.0 billion expires September 22, 2018.November 1, 2020.

In conjunction with the March 1999 merger, MidAmerican Energy committed to the IUB to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain an investment grade rating on its long-term debt and to maintain its common equity level above 42% of total capitalization unless circumstances beyond its control result in the common equity level decreasing to below 39% of total capitalization. MidAmerican Energy must seek the approval of the IUB of a reasonable utility capital structure if MidAmerican Energy's common equity level decreases below 42% of total capitalization, unless the decrease is beyond the control of MidAmerican Energy. MidAmerican Energy is also required to seek the approval of the IUB if MidAmerican Energy's equity level decreases to below 39%, even if the decrease is due to circumstances beyond the control of MidAmerican Energy. If MidAmerican Energy's common equity level were to drop below the required thresholds, MidAmerican Energy's ability to issue debt could be restricted. As of June 30, 2017,2018, MidAmerican Energy's common equity ratio was 53%52% computed on a basis consistent with its commitment.



Future Uses of Cash

MidAmerican Energy and MidAmerican Funding have available a variety of sources of liquidity and capital resources, both internal and external, including net cash flows from operating activities, public and private debt offerings, the issuance of commercial paper, the use of unsecured revolving credit facilities, and other sources. These sources are expected to provide funds required for current operations, capital expenditures, debt retirements and other capital requirements. The availability and terms under which MidAmerican Energy and MidAmerican Funding have access to external financing depends on a variety of factors, including their credit ratings, investors' judgment of risk and conditions in the overall capital markets, including the condition of the utility industry.

Utility ConstructionCapital Expenditures

MidAmerican Energy's primary need forEnergy has significant future capital is utility construction expenditures.requirements. Capital expenditure needs are reviewed regularly by management and may change significantly as a result of these reviews, which may consider, among other factors, impacts to customers' rates; changes in environmental and other rules and regulations; impacts to customers' rates; outcomes of regulatory proceedings; changes in income tax laws; general business conditions; load projections; system reliability standards; the cost and efficiency of construction labor, equipment and materials; commodity prices; and the cost and availability of capital.



MidAmerican Energy's historical and forecast utility constructioncapital expenditures, each of which exclude amounts for non-cash equity AFUDC and other non-cash items, are approximately $1.9 billionas follows (in millions):
 Six-Month Periods Annual
 Ended June 30, Forecast
 2017 2018 2018
      
Wind-powered generation$129
 $313
 $1,178
Wind-powered generation repowering84
 141
 285
Transmission Multi-Value Projects13
 6
 47
Other319
 358
 958
Total$545
 $818
 $2,468

MidAmerican Energy's forecast capital expenditures for 20172018 and include:include the following:

$761 million for theThe construction of 2,000 MW (nominal ratings) of wind-powered generating facilities expected to be placed in service in 2017 through 2019.Iowa. In August 2016, the IUB issued an order approving ratemaking principles related to MidAmerican Energy's construction of up to 2,000 MW (nominal ratings) of additional wind-powered generating facilities expected to be placed in service in 2017 through 2019.2019, including 334 MW (nominal ratings) placed in-service in 2017. The ratemaking principles establish a cost cap of $3.6 billion, including AFUDC, and a fixed rate of return on equity of 11.0% over the proposed 40-year useful lives of those facilities in any future Iowa rate proceeding. The cost cap ensures that as long as total costs are below the cap, the investment will be deemed prudent in any future Iowa rate proceeding. Additionally, the ratemaking principles modify the revenue sharing mechanism currently in effect.effect prior to 2018. The revised sharing mechanism, will bewhich was effective inJanuary 1, 2018, and will be triggered each year by actual equity returns above theexceeding a weighted average return on equity for MidAmerican Energy calculated annually. Pursuant to the change in revenue sharing, MidAmerican Energy will share 100% of the revenue in excess of this trigger with customers. Such revenue sharing will reduce coal and nuclear generation rate base, which is intended to mitigate future base rate increases. EachMidAmerican Energy expects all of these projects is expectedwind-powered generating facilities to qualify for 100% of production tax credits currently available.
$474 million for theThe repowering of certain existing wind-powered generating facilities in Iowa. This project entails the replacement of significant components of the oldest turbines in MidAmerican Energy’sEnergy's fleet. The energy production from such repowered facilities is expected to qualify for 100% of the federal production tax credits available for ten years following completion.each facility's return to service. Under MidAmerican Energy isEnergy's Iowa electric tariff, federal production tax credits related to facilities that were in-service prior to 2013 must be included in its Iowa energy adjustment clause. In August 2017, the process of seeking approval ofIUB approved a tariff revisionchange that would excludeexcludes from itsMidAmerican Energy's Iowa energy adjustment clause any future federal production tax credits related to these repowered facilities.
$36 million for transmission

Transmission MVP investments. In 2012, MidAmerican Energy has approval from the Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc. forstarted the construction of four MVPs located in Iowa and Illinois which, whenthat were approved by the Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc. When complete, the four MVPs will addhave added approximately 250 miles of 345 kV transmission line to MidAmerican Energy's transmission system.system and will be owned and operated by MidAmerican Energy. As of June 30, 2018, 224 miles of these MVP transmission lines have been placed in-service.
Remaining costs primarily relate to routine expenditures for generation, transmission, distribution and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand.

In May 2018, MidAmerican Energy filed with the IUB an application for ratemaking principles related to the construction of up to 591 MW (nominal ratings) of additional wind-powered generating facilities expected to be placed in-service by the end of 2020. The filing, which is subject to IUB approval, establishes a cost cap of $922 million, including AFUDC, and a fixed rate of return on equity of 11.25% over the proposed 40-year useful lives of those facilities in any future Iowa rate proceeding. The cost cap ensures that as long as total costs are below the cap, the investment will be deemed prudent in any future Iowa rate proceeding. Additionally, the proposed ratemaking principles maintain the revenue sharing mechanism currently in effect. MidAmerican Energy expects all of these wind-powered generating facilities to qualify for 100% of production tax credits available.

Contractual Obligations

As of June 30, 2017,2018, there have been no material changes outside the normal course of business in MidAmerican Energy's and MidAmerican Funding's contractual obligations from the information provided in Item 7 of their Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017.

Regulatory Matters

MidAmerican Energy is subject to comprehensive regulation. Refer to "Regulatory Matters" in Berkshire Hathaway Energy's Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q for discussion regarding MidAmerican Energy's current regulatory matters.

Quad Cities Generating Station Operating Status

Exelon Generation Company, LLC ("Exelon Generation"), the operator of Quad Cities Generating Station Units 1 and 2 ("Quad Cities Station") of which MidAmerican Energy has a 25% ownership interest, announced on June 2, 2016, its intention to shut down Quad Cities Station on June 1, 2018, as a result of Illinois not passing adequate legislation and Quad Cities Station not clearing the 2019-2020 PJM Interconnection, L.L.C. capacity auction. MidAmerican Energy expressed to Exelon Generation its desire for the continued operation of the facility through the end of its operating license in 2032 and worked with Exelon Generation on solutions to that end. In December 2016, Illinois passed legislation creating a zero emission standard, which went into effect June 1, 2017. The zero emission standard requires the Illinois Power Agency to purchase zero emission credits ("ZECs") and recover the costs from certain ratepayers in Illinois, subject to certain limitations. The proceeds from the zero emission credits will provide Exelon Generation additional revenue through 2027 as an incentive for continued operation of Quad Cities Station. For the nuclear assets already in rate base, MidAmerican Energy's customers will not be charged for the subsidy, and MidAmerican Energy will not receive additional revenue from the subsidy.



On February 14, 2017, two lawsuits were filed with the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois ("Northern District of Illinois") against the Illinois Power Agency alleging that the state’sstate's zero emission credit program violates certain provisions of the U.S. Constitution. Both complaints argue that the Illinois zero emission credit program will distort the FERC’sFERC's energy and capacity market auction system of setting wholesale prices. As majority owner and operator of Quad Cities Station, Exelon Generation intervened in both suits and filed motions to dismiss in both matters. On July 14, 2017, the Northern District of Illinois granted the motions to dismiss. On July 17, 2017, the plaintiffs filed appeals with the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. Parties have filed briefs and presented oral argument. On May 29, 2018, The U.S. Department of Justice and FERC filed an amicus brief concluding federal rules do not preempt Illinois' ZEC program. Additional briefing was done after the amicus brief was filed and in July 2018, the Plaintiffs requested Notice of New Authority asking the court to consider a recent FERC decision relating to the impacts of out-of-market payments in the markets of the PJM interconnection. MidAmerican Energy cannot predict the outcome of these lawsuits.



On January 9, 2017, the Electric Power Supply Association filed two requests with the FERC seeking to expand Minimum Offer Price Offer Rule ("MOPR") provisions to apply to existing resources receiving zero emission credit compensation. If successful, an expanded MOPR could result in an increased risk of Quad Cities Station not clearing in future capacity auctions and Exelon Generation no longer receiving capacity revenues for the facility. As majority owner and operator of Quad Cities Station, Exelon Generation has filed protests at the FERC in response to each filing. The timing of the FERC’sFERC's decision with respect to both proceedings is currently unknown and the outcome of these matters is currently uncertain.

Environmental Laws and Regulations

MidAmerican Energy is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations regarding air and water quality, emissions performance standards, climate change, coal combustion byproduct disposal, hazardous and solid waste disposal, protected species and other environmental matters that have the potential to impact its current and future operations. In addition to imposing continuing compliance obligations and capital expenditure requirements, these laws and regulations provide regulators with the authority to levy substantial penalties for noncompliance including fines, injunctive relief and other sanctions. These laws and regulations are administered by the EPA and various state and local agencies. All such laws and regulations are subject to a range of interpretation, which may ultimately be resolved by the courts. Environmental laws and regulations continue to evolve, and MidAmerican Energy is unable to predict the impact of the changing laws and regulations on its operations and consolidated financial results. MidAmerican Energy believes it is in material compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Refer to "Liquidity and Capital Resources" for discussion of MidAmerican Energy's forecast environmental-related capital expenditures.

Refer to "Environmental Laws and Regulations" in Berkshire Hathaway Energy's Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding environmental laws and regulations.

New Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements affecting MidAmerican Energy and MidAmerican Funding, refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Certain accounting measurements require management to make estimates and judgments concerning transactions that will be settled several years in the future. Amounts recognized on the Financial Statements based on such estimates involve numerous assumptions subject to varying and potentially significant degrees of judgment and uncertainty and will likely change in the future as additional information becomes available. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the accounting for the effects of certain types of regulation, derivatives, impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets, pension and other postretirement benefits, income taxes and revenue recognition - unbilled revenue. For additional discussion of MidAmerican Energy's and MidAmerican Funding's critical accounting estimates, see Item 7 of their Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017. There have been no significant changes in MidAmerican Energy's and MidAmerican Funding's assumptions regarding critical accounting estimates since December 31, 2016.2017.


Nevada Power Company and its subsidiaries
Consolidated Financial Section



PART I
Item 1.Financial Statements


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


To the Board of Directors and Shareholder of
Nevada Power Company
Las Vegas, Nevada
Results of Review of Interim Financial Information

We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Nevada Power Company and subsidiaries ("Nevada Power") as of June 30, 2017, and2018, the related consolidated statements of operations for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, and of changes in shareholder's equity and cash flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016. Thesethe related notes (collectively referred to as the "interim financial information"). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial statements areinformation for it to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the responsibilityUnited States of Nevada Power's management.America.

We conducted our reviewshave previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of Nevada Power as of December 31, 2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholder's equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 23, 2018, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

Basis for Review Results

This interim financial information is the responsibility of Nevada Power's management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to Nevada Power in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our reviews in accordance with standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States),PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to such consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of Nevada Power Company and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholder's equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 24, 2017, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.


/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP


Las Vegas, Nevada
August 4, 20173, 2018



NEVADA POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions, except share data)

As ofAs of
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
ASSETS
Current assets:      
Cash and cash equivalents$10
 $279
$416
 $57
Accounts receivable, net322
 243
303
 238
Inventories58
 73
59
 59
Regulatory assets37
 20
5
 28
Other current assets45
 38
54
 44
Total current assets472
 653
837
 426
      
Property, plant and equipment, net6,925
 6,997
6,834
 6,877
Regulatory assets1,133
 1,000
908
 941
Other assets37
 39
39
 35
      
Total assets$8,567
 $8,689
$8,618
 $8,279
      
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY
Current liabilities:      
Accounts payable$223
 $187
$166
 $156
Accrued interest50
 50
51
 50
Accrued property, income and other taxes111
 93
78
 63
Regulatory liabilities38
 37
105
 91
Current portion of long-term debt and financial and capital lease obligations347
 17
1,013
 842
Customer deposits77
 78
68
 73
Other current liabilities31
 39
36
 16
Total current liabilities877
 501
1,517
 1,291
      
Long-term debt and financial and capital lease obligations2,736
 3,049
2,303
 2,233
Regulatory liabilities427
 416
1,015
 1,030
Deferred income taxes1,505
 1,474
758
 767
Other long-term liabilities284
 277
283
 280
Total liabilities5,829
 5,717
5,876
 5,601
      
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
 
      
Shareholder's equity:      
Common stock - $1.00 stated value; 1,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding
 

 
Other paid-in capital2,308
 2,308
Additional paid-in capital2,308
 2,308
Retained earnings433
 667
438
 374
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net(3) (3)(4) (4)
Total shareholder's equity2,738
 2,972
2,742
 2,678
      
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity$8,567
 $8,689
$8,618
 $8,279
      
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.



NEVADA POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
              
Operating revenue$574
 $525
 $966
 $924
$562
 $574
 $957
 $966
              
Operating costs and expenses:       
Cost of fuel, energy and capacity238
 199
 403
 367
Operating and maintenance92
 100
 181
 199
Operating expenses:       
Cost of fuel and energy239
 238
 409
 403
Operations and maintenance107
 92
 198
 180
Depreciation and amortization78
 76
 154
 151
84
 78
 168
 154
Property and other taxes9
 9
 19
 20
10
 9
 20
 19
Total operating costs and expenses417
 384
 757
 737
Total operating expenses440
 417
 795
 756
              
Operating income157
 141
 209
 187
122
 157
 162
 210
              
Other income (expense):              
Interest expense(44) (47) (88) (95)(45) (44) (90) (88)
Allowance for borrowed funds
 1
 
 2
1
 
 1
 
Allowance for equity funds
 2
 1
 3

 
 1
 1
Other, net7
 5
 13
 10
5
 7
 9
 12
Total other income (expense)(37) (39) (74) (80)(39) (37) (79) (75)
              
Income before income tax expense120
 102
 135
 107
83
 120
 83
 135
Income tax expense43
 36
 48
 38
19
 43
 19
 48
Net income$77
 $66
 $87
 $69
$64
 $77
 $64
 $87
              
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.  The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.  



NEVADA POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions, except shares)

         Accumulated           Accumulated  
     Other   Other Total     Additional   Other Total
 Common Stock Paid-in Retained Comprehensive Shareholder's Common Stock Paid-in Retained Comprehensive Shareholder's
 Shares Amount Capital Earnings Loss, Net Equity Shares Amount Capital Earnings Loss, Net Equity
                        
Balance, December 31, 2015 1,000
 $
 $2,308
 $858
 $(3) $3,163
Net income 
 
 
 69
 
 69
Dividends declared 
 
 
 (270) 
 (270)
Balance, June 30, 2016 1,000
 $
 $2,308
 $657
 $(3) $2,962
            
Balance, December 31, 2016 1,000
 $
 $2,308
 $667
 $(3) $2,972
 1,000
 $
 $2,308
 $667
 $(3) $2,972
Net income 
 
 
 87
 
 87
 
 
 
 87
 
 87
Dividends declared 
 
 
 (322) 
 (322) 
 
 
 (322) 
 (322)
Other equity transactions 
 
 
 1
 
 1
 
 
 
 1
 
 1
Balance, June 30, 2017 1,000
 $
 $2,308
 $433
 $(3) $2,738
 1,000
 $
 $2,308
 $433
 $(3) $2,738
                        
Balance, December 31, 2017 1,000
 $
 $2,308
 $374
 $(4) $2,678
Net income 
 
 
 64
 
 64
Balance, June 30, 2018 1,000
 $
 $2,308
 $438
 $(4) $2,742
            
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



NEVADA POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

Six-Month PeriodsSix-Month Periods
Ended June 30,Ended June 30,
2017 20162018 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income$87
 $69
$64
 $87
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities:      
Gain on nonrecurring items(1) 

 (1)
Depreciation and amortization154
 151
168
 154
Allowance for equity funds(1) (1)
Deferred income taxes and amortization of investment tax credits34
 25
(14) 34
Allowance for equity funds(1) (3)
Changes in regulatory assets and liabilities13
 17
28
 13
Deferred energy(25) 31
25
 (25)
Amortization of deferred energy7
 (42)7
 7
Other, net(2) 4
9
 (2)
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities:      
Accounts receivable and other assets(84) (70)(62) (88)
Inventories7
 2
1
 7
Accrued property, income and other taxes18
 10
Accrued property, income and other taxes, net12
 18
Accounts payable and other liabilities48
 50
13
 48
Net cash flows from operating activities255
 244
250
 251
      
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Capital expenditures(139) (181)(135) (139)
Acquisitions(77) 

 (77)
Other, net4
 
1
 4
Net cash flows from investing activities(212) (181)(134) (212)
      
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt91
 
Proceeds from long-term debt573
 91
Repayments of long-term debt and financial and capital lease obligations(81) (217)(332) (81)
Dividends paid(322) (270)
 (322)
Net cash flows from financing activities(312) (487)241
 (312)
      
Net change in cash and cash equivalents(269) (424)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period279
 536
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$10
 $112
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents357
 (273)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period66
 290
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period$423
 $17
      
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



NEVADA POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

(1)    Organization and Operations
(1)General

Nevada Power Company, together with its subsidiaries ("Nevada Power"), is a wholly owned subsidiary of NV Energy, Inc. ("NV Energy"), a holding company that also owns Sierra Pacific Power Company ("Sierra Pacific") and certain other subsidiaries. Nevada Power is a United States regulated electric utility company serving retail customers, including residential, commercial and industrial customers, primarily in the Las Vegas, North Las Vegas, Henderson and adjoining areas. NV Energy is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company ("BHE"). BHE is a holding company based in Des Moines, Iowa that owns subsidiaries principally engaged in energy businesses. BHE is a consolidated subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. ("Berkshire Hathaway").

The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and regulations for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. Management believes the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for the fair presentation of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements as of June 30, 20172018 and for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016.2017. The Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income have been omitted as net income equals comprehensive income for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016.2017. The results of operations for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

The preparation of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Actual results may differ from the estimates used in preparing the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Nevada Power's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162017 describes the most significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. There have been no significant changes in Nevada Power's assumptions regarding significant accounting estimates and policies during the six-month period ended June 30, 2017.2018.

(2)    New Accounting Pronouncements
(2)New Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2017,February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2017-07,2016-02, which amendscreates FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 715, "Compensation - Retirement Benefits." The amendments in this guidance require that an employer disaggregate the service cost component from the other components of net benefit cost and report the service cost component in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the statement of operations separately from the service cost component and outside the subtotal of operating income. Additionally, the guidance only allows the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. This guidance must be adopted retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net benefit cost in the statement of operations and prospectively for the capitalization of the service cost component in the balance sheet. Nevada Power plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2018 and is currently evaluating the impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, which amends FASB ASC Subtopic 230-10, “Statement of Cash Flows - Overall.” The amendments in this guidance require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted retrospectively. Nevada Power plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2018 and is currently evaluating the impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.



In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, which amends FASB ASC Topic 230, "Statement of Cash Flows." The amendments in this guidance address the classification of eight specific cash flow issues within the statement of cash flows with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted retrospectively. Nevada Power plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2018 and does not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, which creates FASB ASC Topic 842, "Leases" and supersedes Topic 840 "Leases." This guidance increases transparency and comparability among entities by recording lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. A lessee should recognize in the balance sheet a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee have not significantly changed from previous guidance. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-01 that provides for an optional transition practical expedient allowing companies to not have to evaluate existing land easements if they were not previously accounted for under ASC Topic 840, "Leases." This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. Nevada Power plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2019 and is currently evaluating the impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

(3)
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

In May 2014,November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09,2016-18, which createsamends FASB ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" and supersedes ASC Topic 605, "Revenue Recognition.Subtopic 230-10, "Statement of Cash Flows - Overall." The amendments in this guidance replaces industry-specific guidancerequire that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and establishes a single five-step model to identifyamounts generally described as restricted cash and recognize revenue. The core principlerestricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additionally, the guidance requires the entity to disclose further quantitative and qualitative information regarding the nature and amount of revenues arising from contracts with customers, as well as other information about the significant judgments and estimates used in recognizing revenues from contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, which defers the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 one year to interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. During 2016, the FASB issued several ASUs that clarify the implementation guidance for ASU No. 2014-09 but do not change the core principle of the guidance. This guidance may be adopted retrospectively or under a modified retrospective method where the cumulative effect is recognized at the date of initial application.cash flows. Nevada Power plans to adoptadopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018.



Cash equivalents consist of funds invested in money market mutual funds, United States Treasury Bills and other investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. Cash and cash equivalents exclude amounts where availability is restricted by legal requirements, loan agreements or other contractual provisions. Restricted cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2018 underand December 31, 2017, consist of funds restricted by the modified retrospective method and is currently evaluating the impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Nevada Power currently does not expect the timing and amount of revenue currently recognized to be materially different after adoption of the new guidance as a majority of revenue is recognized when Nevada Power has the right to invoice as it corresponds directly with the value to the customerPublic Utilities Commission of Nevada Power’s performance to date. Nevada Power's current plan is to quantitatively disaggregate revenue("PUCN") for a certain renewable energy contract. A reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, as presented in the required financial statement footnoteConsolidated Statements of Cash Flows is outlined below and disaggregated by customer class.the line items in which they appear on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):
 As of
 June 30, December 31,
 2018 2017
Cash and cash equivalents$416
 $57
Restricted cash and cash equivalents included in other current assets7
 9
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents$423
 $66

(3)    Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
(4)Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment, net consists of the following (in millions):
 As of As of
Depreciable Life June 30, December 31,Depreciable Life June 30, December 31,
 2017 2016 2018 2017
Utility plant:        
Generation30 - 55 years $3,741
 $4,271
30 - 55 years $3,713
 $3,707
Distribution20 - 65 years 3,279
 3,231
20 - 65 years 3,352
 3,314
Transmission45 - 65 years 1,861
 1,846
45 - 70 years 1,861
 1,860
General and intangible plant5 - 65 years 773
 738
5 - 65 years 811
 793
Utility plant 9,654
 10,086
 9,737
 9,674
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (2,791) (3,205) (2,984) (2,871)
Utility plant, net 6,863
 6,881
 6,753
 6,803
Other non-regulated, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization45 years 2
 2
45 years 1
 1
Plant, net 6,865
 6,883
 6,754
 6,804
Construction work-in-progress 60
 114
 80
 73
Property, plant and equipment, net $6,925
 $6,997
 $6,834
 $6,877



Acquisitions

In AprilDuring 2017, Nevada Power purchasedrevised its electric depreciations rates effective January 2018 based on the remaining 25% interest inresults of a new depreciation study, the Silverhawk natural gas-fueled generating facilitymost significant impact of which was shorter estimated useful lives at the Navajo Generating Station and longer average service lives for $77 million.various other utility plant groups. The PUCN approvednet effect of these changes will increase depreciation and amortization expense by $7 million annually, or $4 million for the purchasesix-month period ended June 30, 2018, based on depreciable plant balances at the time of the facility in Nevada Power’s triennial Integrated Resource Plan filing in December 2015. The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired, consisting primarily of generation utility plant, and no significant liabilities were assumed.change.

(4)    Regulatory Matters
(5)Regulatory Matters

Deferred Energy

Nevada statutes permit regulated utilities to adopt deferred energy accounting procedures. The intent of these procedures is to ease the effect on customers of fluctuations in the cost of purchased natural gas, fuel and electricity and are subject to annual prudency review by the Public Utilities Commission of Nevada ("PUCN").PUCN. Under deferred energy accounting, to the extent actual fuel and purchased power costs exceed fuel and purchased power costs recoverable through current rates that excess is not recorded as a current expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations but rather is deferred and recorded as a regulatory asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Conversely, a regulatory liability is recorded to the extent fuel and purchased power costs recoverable through current rates exceed actual fuel and purchased power costs. These excess amounts are reflected in quarterly adjustments to rates and recorded as cost of fuel energy and capacityenergy in future time periods.



Regulatory Rate Review

In June 2017, Nevada Power filed an electric regulatory rate review with the PUCN. The filing supported an annual revenue increase of $29 million, or 2%, but requested no incremental annual revenue relief. In December 2017, the PUCN issued an order which reduced Nevada Power's revenue requirement by $26 million and requires Nevada Power to share 50% of regulatory earnings above 9.7%. As a result of the order, Nevada Power recorded expense of $28 million in December 2017 primarily due to the reduction of a regulatory asset to return to customers revenue collected for costs not incurred. The new rates were effective on February 15, 2018. In January 2018, Nevada Power filed a petition for clarification of certain findings and directives in the order and intervening parties filed motions for reconsideration. The PUCN has not yet ruled on the filed motions. Nevada Power cannot predict the timing or ultimate outcome of the PUCN rulings.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("2017 Tax Reform") enacted significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code, including, among other things, a reduction in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. In February 2018, Nevada Power made a filing with the PUCN proposing a tax rate reduction rider for the lower annual income tax expense anticipated to result from 2017 Tax Reform for 2018 and beyond. The filing supports an annual rate reduction of $59 million. In March 2018, the PUCN issued an order approving the rate reduction proposed by Nevada Power. The new rates were effective April 1, 2018. The order has extended the procedural schedule to allow parties additional discovery relevant to 2017 Tax Reform and a hearing was held in July 2018. Nevada Power cannot predict the timing or ultimate outcome of further regulatory proceedings.

Chapter 704B Applications

Chapter 704B of the Nevada Revised Statutes allows retail electric customers with an average annual load of one MWmegawatt ("MW") or more to file with the PUCN an application to purchase energy from alternative providers of a new electric resource and become distribution only service customers. On a case-by-case basis, the PUCN will assess the application and may deny or grant the application subject to conditions, including paying an impact fee, paying on-going charges and receiving approval for specific alternative energy providers and terms. The impact fee and on-going charges are assessed to alleviate the burden on other Nevada customers for the applicants'applicant's share of previously committed investments and long-term renewable contracts and are set at a level designed such that the remaining customers are not subjected to increased costs.

In May 2015, MGM Resorts International ("MGM") andOctober 2016, Wynn Las Vegas, LLC ("Wynn"), filed applications with the PUCN to purchase energy from alternative providers ofbecame a new electric resource and become distribution only service customers of Nevada Power. In December 2015, the PUCN granted the applications subject to conditions, including paying an impact fee, on-going charges and receiving approval for specific alternative energy providers and terms. In December 2015, the applicants filed petitions for reconsideration. In January 2016, the PUCN granted reconsideration and updated some of the terms, including removing a limitation related to energy purchased indirectly from NV Energy. In September 2016, MGM and Wynn paid impact fees of $82 million and $15 million, respectively. In October 2016, MGM and Wynn became distribution only service customerscustomer and started procuring energy from another energy supplier. In April 2017, Wynn filed a motion with the PUCN seeking relief from the January 2016 order that established the impact fee that was paid in September 2016 and requested the PUCN adopt an alternative impact fee and revise on-going charges associated with retirement of assets and high cost renewable contracts. In May 2017, a stipulation reached between MGM, Regulatory Operations Staff and the Bureau of Consumer Protection was filed requiring Nevada Power to credit $16 million as an offset against MGM's remaining impact fee obligation and, in June 2017, the PUCN approved the stipulation as filed.

In September 2016, Switch, Ltd. ("Switch"), a customer of Nevada Power, filed an application with the PUCN to purchase energy from alternative providers of a new electric resource and become a distribution only service customer of Nevada Power. In December 2016, the PUCN approved a stipulation agreement that allows Switch to purchase energy from alternative providers subject to conditions, including paying an impact fee to Nevada Power. In May 2017, Switch paid impact fees of $27 million and, in June 2017, Switch became a distribution only service customer and started procuring energy from another energy supplier.This request is still pending.

In November 2016, Caesars Enterprise Service ("Caesars"), a customer of Nevada Power, filed an application with the PUCN to purchase energy from alternative providers of a new electric resource and become a distribution only service customer of Nevada Power. In March 2017, the PUCN approved the application allowing Caesars to purchase energy from alternative providers subject to conditions, including paying an impact fee. In March 2017, Caesars provided notice that it intends to pay the impact fee and proceed with purchasing energy from alternative providers.



Emissions Reduction In July 2017, Caesars made the required compliance filings and, Capacity Replacement Plan ("ERCR Plan")

in September 2017, the PUCN issued an order allowing Caesars to acquire electric energy and ancillary services from another energy supplier and become a distribution only service customer of Nevada Power. In February 2018, Caesars became a distribution only service customer and started procuring energy from another energy supplier. Following the PUCN’s order from March 2017, Nevada Power retired Reid Gardner Unit 4, a 257-MW coal-fueled generating facility. The early retirement was approved by the PUCNCaesars’ will pay an impact fee of $44 million in December 2016 as a part of Nevada Power's second amendment to the ERCR Plan. The remaining net book value of $151 million was moved from property, plant and equipment, net to noncurrent regulatory assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2017, in compliance with the ERCR Plan. Refer to Note 9 for additional information on the ERCR Plan.72 equal monthly payments.

(6)
(5) Recent Financing Transactions

Long-Term Debt

In January 2017,April 2018, Nevada Power (1) issued a notice to the bondholders for the repurchase of the remaining outstanding amounts of its $38 million Pollution Control Revenue Bonds, Series 2006 and $38 million Pollution Control Revenue Bonds, Series 2006A and (2) redeemed the Pollution Control Revenue Bonds, Series 2006A, aggregate principal amount outstanding plus accrued interest with the use of cash on hand. In February 2017, Nevada Power redeemed the Pollution Control Revenue Bonds, Series 2006, aggregate principal amount outstanding plus accrued interest with the use of cash on hand.

In May 2017, Nevada Power entered into a Financing Agreement with Clark County, Nevada (the "Clark Issuer") whereby the Clark Issuer loaned to Nevada Power the proceeds from the issuance, on behalf of Nevada Power, of $39.5$575 million of its 1.60% tax-exempt Pollution Control Refunding Revenue Bonds, Series 2017, due 2036 ("Series 2017 Bonds"). The Series 2017 Bonds are subject to mandatory purchase by Nevada Power in May 2020, and on and after the purchase date, the interest rate may be adjusted from time to time.

In May 2017, Nevada Power entered into a Financing Agreement with the Coconino County, Arizona Pollution Control Corporation (the "Coconino Issuer") whereby the Coconino Issuer loaned to Nevada Power the proceeds from the issuance, on behalf of Nevada Power, of $40 million of its 1.80% tax-exempt Pollution Control Refunding Revenue Bonds, Series 2017A, due 2032 and $13 million of its 1.60% tax-exempt Pollution Control Refunding Revenue Bonds, Series 2017B, due 2039 (collectively, the "Series 2017AB Bonds"). The Series 2017AB Bonds are subject to mandatory purchase by Nevada Power in May 2020, and on and after the purchase date, the interest rate may be adjusted from time to time.

To provide collateral security for its obligations, Nevada Power issued its2.75% General and Refunding Mortgage Notes, Series AA, No. AA-1 inBB, due April 2020. Nevada Power used a portion of the amount of $39.5 million and No. AA-2 in the amount of $53 million (collectively, the "Series AA Notes").The obligationnet proceeds to repay all of Nevada Power to make any payment of the principalPower's $325 million 6.50% General and interest on anyRefunding Mortgage Notes, Series AA Notes is discharged to the extentO, maturing in May 2018. In August 2018, Nevada Power has made payment onused the remaining net proceeds, together with available cash, to repay all of Nevada Power's $500 million 6.50% General and Refunding Mortgage Notes, Series 2017 Bonds and the Series 2017AB Bonds.S, maturing in August 2018.

The collective proceeds from the tax-exempt bond issuances were used to refund at par value, plus accrued interest, the Clark Issuer's $39.5 million of Pollution Control Refunding Revenue Bonds, Series 2006 and the Coconino Issuer's $40 million of Pollution Control Refunding Revenue Bonds, Series 2006A and $13 million of Pollution Control Refunding Revenue Bonds, Series 2006B, each previously issued on behalf of Nevada Power.Credit Facilities

In June 2017,April 2018, Nevada Power amended and restated its existing $400 million secured credit facility, expiring June 2020, extending the maturityexpiration date to June 2020 with2021 and reducing from two to one, the available one-year extension options, subject to lender consent. The amended credit facility, which is for general corporate purposes and provides for the issuances of letters of credit, has a variable interest rate based on the Eurodollar rate or a base rate, at Nevada Power's option, plus a spread that varies based on Nevada Power's credit ratings for its senior secured long-term debt securities. The amended credit facility requires Nevada Power's ratio of consolidated debt, including current maturities, to total capitalization not to exceed 0.65 to 1.0 as of the last day of each quarter.



(7)
Income Taxes
(6)    Employee Benefit Plans
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

2017 Tax Reform impacts many areas of income tax law. The most material items include the reduction of the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, the elimination of the deduction for production activities and limitations on bonus depreciation for utility property.

In December 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 to assist in the implementation process of 2017 Tax Reform by allowing for calculations to be classified as provisional and subject to remeasurement. There are three different classifications for the accounting: (1) completed, (2) not complete but reasonably estimable or (3) not complete and amounts are not reasonably estimable. Nevada Power has recorded the impacts of 2017 Tax Reform and believes all the impacts to be complete with the exception of interpretations of the bonus depreciation rules. Nevada Power has determined the amounts recorded and the interpretations relating to this items to be provisional and subject to remeasurement during the measurement period upon obtaining the necessary additional information to complete the accounting. Nevada Power believes its interpretations for bonus depreciation to be reasonable, however, as the guidance is clarified estimates may change. The accounting is estimated to be completed by December 2018.

A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate applicable to income before income tax expense is as follows:
 Three-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
        
Federal statutory income tax rate21 % 35% 21 % 35%
Effects of ratemaking(1) 
 (1) 
Nondeductible expenses2
 

2


Other1
 1
 1
 1
Effective income tax rate23 %
36%
23 %
36%



(8)Employee Benefit Plans

Nevada Power is a participant in benefit plans sponsored by NV Energy. The NV Energy Retirement Plan includes a qualified pension plan ("Qualified Pension Plan") and a supplemental executive retirement plan and a restoration plan (collectively, "Non‑Qualified Pension Plans") that provide pension benefits for eligible employees. The NV Energy Comprehensive Welfare Benefit and Cafeteria Plan provides certain postretirement health care and life insurance benefits for eligible retirees ("Other Postretirement Plans") on behalf of Nevada Power. Nevada Power contributed $1 million to the Non-Qualified Pension Plans for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017. Amounts attributable to Nevada Power were allocated from NV Energy based upon the current, or in the case of retirees, previous, employment location. Offsetting regulatory assets and liabilities have been recorded related to the amounts not yet recognized as a component of net periodic benefit costs that will be included in regulated rates. Net periodic benefit costs not included in regulated rates are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net.



Amounts payable toreceivable from (payable to) NV Energy are included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and consist of the following (in millions):
 As of
 June 30, December 31,
 2017 2016
Qualified Pension Plan -   
Other long-term liabilities$(26) $(24)
    
Non-Qualified Pension Plans:   
Other current liabilities(1) (1)
Other long-term liabilities(9) (9)
    
Other Postretirement Plans -   
Other long-term liabilities(4) (4)

(7)     Risk Management and Hedging Activities

Nevada Power is exposed to the impact of market fluctuations in commodity prices and interest rates. Nevada Power is principally exposed to electricity, natural gas and coal market fluctuations primarily through Nevada Power's obligation to serve retail customer load in its regulated service territory. Nevada Power's load and generating facilities represent substantial underlying commodity positions. Exposures to commodity prices consist mainly of variations in the price of fuel required to generate electricity and wholesale electricity that is purchased and sold. Commodity prices are subject to wide price swings as supply and demand are impacted by, among many other unpredictable items, weather, market liquidity, generating facility availability, customer usage, storage, and transmission and transportation constraints. The actual cost of fuel and purchased power is recoverable through the deferred energy mechanism. Interest rate risk exists on variable-rate debt and future debt issuances. Nevada Power does not engage in proprietary trading activities.

Nevada Power has established a risk management process that is designed to identify, assess, manage, monitor and report each of the various types of risk involved in its business. To mitigate a portion of its commodity price risk, Nevada Power uses commodity derivative contracts, which may include forwards, futures, options, swaps and other agreements, to effectively secure future supply or sell future production generally at fixed prices. Nevada Power manages its interest rate risk by limiting its exposure to variable interest rates primarily through the issuance of fixed-rate long-term debt and by monitoring market changes in interest rates. Additionally, Nevada Power may from time to time enter into interest rate derivative contracts, such as interest rate swaps or locks, to mitigate Nevada Power's exposure to interest rate risk. Nevada Power does not hedge all of its commodity price and interest rate risks, thereby exposing the unhedged portion to changes in market prices.

There have been no significant changes in Nevada Power's accounting policies related to derivatives. Refer to Note 8 for additional information on derivative contracts.

The following table, which excludes contracts that have been designated as normal under the normal purchases or normal sales exception afforded by GAAP, summarizes the fair value of Nevada Power's derivative contracts, on a gross basis, and reconciles those amounts to the amounts presented on a net basis on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):

  Other Other  
  Current Long-term  
  Liabilities Liabilities Total
As of June 30, 2017      
Commodity liabilities(1)
 $(3) $(1) $(4)
       
As of December 31, 2016      
Commodity liabilities(1)
 $(7) $(7) $(14)

(1)Nevada Power's commodity derivatives not designated as hedging contracts are included in regulated rates and as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, a regulatory asset of $4 million and $14 million, respectively, was recorded related to the derivative liability of $4 million and $14 million, respectively.


Derivative Contract Volumes

The following table summarizes the net notional amounts of outstanding derivative contracts with indexed and fixed price terms that comprise the mark-to-market values (in millions):
   As of
 Unit of June 30, December 31,
 Measure 2017 2016
      
Electricity salesMegawatt hours 
 (2)
Natural gas purchasesDecatherms 123
 114

Credit Risk

Nevada Power is exposed to counterparty credit risk associated with wholesale energy supply and marketing activities with other utilities, energy marketing companies, financial institutions and other market participants. Credit risk may be concentrated to the extent Nevada Power's counterparties have similar economic, industry or other characteristics and due to direct and indirect relationships among the counterparties. Before entering into a transaction, Nevada Power analyzes the financial condition of each significant wholesale counterparty, establish limits on the amount of unsecured credit to be extended to each counterparty and evaluate the appropriateness of unsecured credit limits on an ongoing basis. To further mitigate wholesale counterparty credit risk, Nevada Power enters into netting and collateral arrangements that may include margining and cross-product netting agreements and obtain third-party guarantees, letters of credit and cash deposits. If required, Nevada Power exercises rights under these arrangements, including calling on the counterparty's credit support arrangement.

Collateral and Contingent Features

In accordance with industry practice, certain wholesale derivative contracts contain credit support provisions that in part base certain collateral requirements on credit ratings for unsecured debt as reported by one or more of the three recognized credit rating agencies. These derivative contracts may either specifically provide rights to demand cash or other security in the event of a credit rating downgrade ("credit-risk-related contingent features") or provide the right for counterparties to demand "adequate assurance," in the event of a material adverse change in creditworthiness. These rights can vary by contract and by counterparty. As of June 30, 2017, credit ratings from the three recognized credit rating agencies were investment grade.

The aggregate fair value of Nevada Power's derivative contracts in liability positions with specific credit-risk-related contingent features was $2 million as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, which represents the amount of collateral to be posted if all credit risk related contingent features for derivative contracts in liability positions had been triggered. Nevada Power's collateral requirements could fluctuate considerably due to market price volatility, changes in credit ratings, changes in legislation or regulation or other factors.
 As of
 June 30, December 31,
 2018 2017
Qualified Pension Plan -   
Other long-term liabilities$(23) $(23)
    
Non-Qualified Pension Plans:   
Other current liabilities(1) (1)
Other long-term liabilities(10) (10)
    
Other Postretirement Plans -   
Other assets1
 
Other long-term liabilities
 1

(8)(9)Fair Value Measurements

The carrying value of Nevada Power's cash, certain cash equivalents, receivables, payables, accrued liabilities and short-term borrowings approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. Nevada Power has various financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets using inputs from the three levels of the fair value hierarchy. A financial asset or liability classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels are as follows:

Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that Nevada Power has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2 - Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs).
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs reflect Nevada Power's judgments about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability since limited market data exists. Nevada Power develops these inputs based on the best information available, including its own data.



The following table presents Nevada Power's financial assets and liabilities recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in millions):
Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements  Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements  
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 TotalLevel 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
As of June 30, 2017       
Assets - investment funds$2
 $
 $
 $2
       
Liabilities - commodity derivatives$
 $
 $(4) $(4)
       
As of December 31, 2016       
As of June 30, 2018       
Assets:              
Money market mutual funds(1)
$220
 $
 $
 $220
$25
 $
 $
 $25
Investment funds6
 
 
 6
1
 
 
 1
$226
 $
 $
 $226
$26
 $
 $
 $26
              
Liabilities - commodity derivatives$
 $
 $(14) $(14)$
 $
 $(9) $(9)
       
As of December 31, 2017       
Assets - investment funds$2
 $
 $
 $2
       
Liabilities - commodity derivatives$
 $
 $(3) $(3)

(1)Amounts are included in cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of these money market mutual funds approximates cost.

Derivative contracts are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either assets or liabilities and are stated at estimated fair value unless they are designated as normal purchases or normal sales and qualify for the exception afforded by GAAP. When available, the fair value of derivative contracts is estimated using unadjusted quoted prices for identical contracts in the market in which Nevada Power transacts. When quoted prices for identical contracts are not available, Nevada Power uses forward price curves. Forward price curves represent Nevada Power's estimates of the prices at which a buyer or seller could contract today for delivery or settlement at future dates. Nevada Power bases its forward price curves upon internally developed models, with internal and external fundamental data inputs. Market price quotations for certain electricity and natural gas trading hubs are not as readily obtainable due to markets that are not active. Given that limited market data exists for these contracts, Nevada Power uses forward price curves derived from internal models based on perceived pricing relationships to major trading hubs that are based on unobservable inputs. The model incorporates a mid-market pricing convention (the mid‑point price between bid and ask prices) as a practical expedient for valuing its assets and liabilities measured and reported at fair value. The determination of the fair value for derivative contracts not only includes counterparty risk, but also the impact of Nevada Power's nonperformance risk on its liabilities, which as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, had an immaterial impact to the fair value of its derivative contracts. As such, Nevada Power considers its derivative contracts to be valued using Level 3 inputs. Refer to Note 7 for further discussion regarding Nevada Power's risk management and hedging activities.

Nevada Power's investments in money market mutual funds and equity securities are accounted for as available-for-sale securities and are stated at fair value. When available, a readily observable quoted market price or net asset value of an identical security in an active market is used to record the fair value.

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of Nevada Power's commodity derivative liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant Level 3 inputs (in millions):
Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
              
Beginning balance$(14) $(22) $(14) $(22)$(8) $(14) $(3) $(14)
Changes in fair value recognized in regulatory assets(1) (2) (2) (5)(3) (1) (8) (2)
Settlements11
 2
 12
 5
2
 11
 2
 12
Ending balance$(4) $(22) $(4) $(22)$(9) $(4) $(9) $(4)



Nevada Power's long-term debt is carried at cost on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of Nevada Power's long‑term debt is a Level 2 fair value measurement and has been estimated based upon quoted market prices, where available, or at the present value of future cash flows discounted at rates consistent with comparable maturities with similar credit risks. The carrying value of Nevada Power's variable-rate long-term debt approximates fair value because of the frequent repricing of these instruments at market rates. The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of Nevada Power's long‑term debt (in millions):
 As of June 30, 2017 As of December 31, 2016
 Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
 Value Value Value Value
        
Long-term debt$2,598
 $3,067
 $2,581
 $3,040
 As of June 30, 2018 As of December 31, 2017
 Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
 Value Value Value Value
        
Long-term debt$2,850
 $3,196
 $2,600
 $3,088

(9)(10)Commitments and Contingencies

Environmental Laws and Regulations

Nevada Power is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations regarding air and water quality, renewable portfolio standards, emissions performance standards, climate change, coal combustion byproduct disposal, hazardous and solid waste disposal, protected species and other environmental matters that have the potential to impact Nevada Power's current and future operations. Nevada Power believes it is in material compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.

Senate Bill 123

In June 2013, the Nevada State Legislature passed Senate Bill No. 123 ("SB 123"), which included the retirement of coal plants and replacing the capacity with renewable facilities and other generating facilities. In May 2014, Nevada Power filed its Emissions Reduction Capacity Replacement Plan ("ERCR Plan") in compliance with SB 123. In July 2015, Nevada Power filed an amendment to its ERCR Plan with the PUCN which was approved in September 2015. In June 2015, the Nevada State Legislature passed Assembly Bill No. 498, which modified the capacity replacement components of SB 123.

Consistent with the ERCR Plan, Nevada Power acquired a 272-MW natural gas co-generating facility in 2014, acquired a 210-MW natural gas peaking facility in 2014, constructed a 15-MW solar photovoltaic facility in 2015, contracted two renewable power purchase agreements with 100-MW solar photovoltaic generating facilities in 2015, contracted a renewable power purchase agreement with 100-MW solar photovoltaic generating facility in 2016 and acquired the remaining 130 MW, 25%, of the Silverhawk natural gas-fueled generating facility in April 2017, of which 54 MW were approved as part of the ERCR Plan. Nevada Power has the option to acquire 35 MW of nameplate renewable energy capacity in the future under the ERCR Plan, subject to PUCN approval. Nevada Power retired Reid Gardner Units 1, 2, and 3, 300 MW of coal-fueled generation, in 2014 and Reid Gardner Unit 4, 257 MW of coal-fueled generation, in March 2017. These transactions are related to Nevada Power's compliance with SB 123, resulting in the retirement of 812 MW of coal-fueled generation by 2019.

Legal Matters

Nevada Power is party to a variety of legal actions arising out of the normal course of business. Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. Nevada Power does not believe that such normal and routine litigation will have a material impact on its consolidated financial results.

(11)
Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Adoption

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, which created FASB ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("ASC 606") and superseded ASC Topic 605, "Revenue Recognition." The guidance replaced industry-specific guidance and established a single five-step model to identify and recognize revenue from contracts with customers ("Customer Revenue"). The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Following the issuance of ASU No. 2014-09, the FASB issued several ASUs that clarified the implementation guidance for ASU No. 2014-09 but did not change the core principle of the guidance. Nevada Power adopted this guidance for all applicable contracts as of January 1, 2018 under a modified retrospective method and the adoption did not have a cumulative effect impact at the date of initial adoption.

Customer Revenue

Nevada Power recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which Nevada Power expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Nevada Power records sales, franchise and excise taxes collected directly from customers and remitted directly to the taxing authorities on a net basis on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Substantially all of Nevada Power's Customer Revenue is derived from tariff based sales arrangements approved by various regulatory bodies. These tariff based revenues are mainly comprised of energy, transmission and distribution and have performance obligations to deliver energy products and services to customers which are satisfied over time as energy is delivered or services are provided. Other revenue consists primarily of revenue recognized in accordance with ASC 840, "Leases" and amounts not considered Customer Revenue within ASC 606.



Revenue recognized is equal to what Nevada Power has the right to invoice as it corresponds directly with the value to the customer of Nevada Power's performance to date and includes billed and unbilled amounts. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, accounts receivables, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets relate substantially to Customer Revenue, including unbilled revenue of $194 million and $111 million, respectively. Payments for amounts billed are generally due from the customer within 30 days of billing. Rates charged for energy products and services are established by regulators or contractual arrangements that establish the transaction price as well as the allocation of price amongst the separate performance obligations. When preliminary regulated rates are permitted to be billed prior to final approval by the applicable regulator, certain revenue collected may be subject to refund and a liability for estimated refunds is accrued.

The following table summarizes Nevada Power's revenue by customer class for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 (in millions):
 Three-Month Period Six-Month Period
 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
 2018 2018
Customer Revenue:  
Retail:  
Residential$312
 $505
Commercial110
 205
Industrial108
 187
Other5
 11
Total fully bundled535
 908
Distribution only service8
 15
Total retail543
 923
Wholesale, transmission and other13
 23
Total Customer Revenue556
 946
Other revenue6
 11
Total revenue$562
 $957

Contract Assets and Liabilities

In the event one of the parties to a contract has performed before the other, Nevada Power would recognize a contract asset or contract liability depending on the relationship between Nevada Power's performance and the customer's payment. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no contract assets or contract liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.



Item 2.    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 

General

Nevada Power's revenues and operating income are subject to fluctuations during the year due to impacts that seasonal weather, rate changes, and customer usage patterns have on demand for electric energy and resources. Nevada Power is a summer peaking utility experiencing its highest retail energy sales in response to the demand for air conditioning. The variations in energy usage due to varying weather, customer growth and other energy usage patterns, including energy efficiency and conservation measures, necessitates a continual balancing of loads and resources and purchases and sales of energy under short- and long-term energy supply contracts. As a result, the prudent management and optimization of available resources has a direct effect on the operating and financial performance of Nevada Power. Additionally, the timely recovery of purchased power, fuel costs and other costs and the ability to earn a fair return on investments through rates are essential to the operating and financial performance of Nevada Power.

The following is management's discussion and analysis of certain significant factors that have affected the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of Nevada Power during the periods included herein. Explanations include management's best estimate of the impact of weather, customer growth and other factors. This discussion should be read in conjunction with Nevada Power's historical unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q. Nevada Power's actual results in the future could differ significantly from the historical results.



Results of Operations for the Second Quarter and First Six Months of 20172018 and 20162017

Overview

Net income for the second quarter of 20172018 was $77$64 million, an increasea decrease of $11$13 million, or 17%, compared to 20162017 primarily due to $15 million of higher margins from impact feesoperations and revenue relatingmaintenance mainly due to customers becoming distribution only service customers,increased political activity expenses and an accrual for earnings sharing ordered in the Nevada Power 2017 regulatory rate review, $13 million of lower utility margin primarily due to the tax rate reduction rider as a refinementresult of the unbilled revenue estimate, customer growthTax Cuts and lower interest on deferred charges. The increaseJobs Act ("2017 Tax Reform") and $6 million in net income washigher depreciation expense primarily due to the Nevada Power 2017 regulatory rate review, partially offset by $24 million of lower commercial and industrial retail revenue from customers purchasing energy from alternative providers and becoming distribution only service customers.income tax primarily due to 2017 Tax Reform, which reduced the federal statutory tax rate.

Net income for the first six months of 20172018 was $87$64 million, an increasea decrease of $18$23 million, or 26%, compared to 20162017 primarily due to $18 million of higher margins from impact feesoperations and revenue relatingmaintenance mainly due to customers becoming distribution only service customers,increased political activity expenses, a refinementlegal settlement and an accrual for earnings sharing ordered in the Nevada Power 2017 regulatory rate review, $15 million of lower utility margin primarily due to the unbilled revenue estimate, lower interest on deferred chargestax rate reduction rider as a result of 2017 Tax Reform and long-term debt, customer growth, and decreased planned maintenance and other generating costs. Thea $14 million increase in net income wasdepreciation expense primarily due to the Nevada Power 2017 regulatory rate review, partially offset by $29 million of lower commercial and industrial retail revenue from customers purchasing energy from alternative providers and becoming distribution only service customers.income tax primarily due to 2017 Tax Reform, which reduced the federal statutory tax rate.

Operating revenue and cost of fuel, energy and capacityNon-GAAP Financial Measure
Management utilizes various key financial measures that are key drivers of Nevada Power'sprepared in accordance with GAAP, as well as non-GAAP financial measures such as, utility margin, to help evaluate results of operationsoperations. Utility margin is calculated as they encompass retail and wholesale electricity revenue and the direct costs associated with providing electricity to customers. Nevada Power believes that a discussion of gross margin, representingelectric operating revenue less cost of fuel and energy, which are captions presented on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Nevada Power’s cost of fuel and capacity,energy are directly recovered from its customers through regulatory recovery mechanisms and as a result, changes in the Nevada Power’s revenue are comparable to changes in such expenses. As such, management believes utility margin more appropriately and concisely explain profitability rather than a discussion of revenue and cost of sales separately. Management believes the presentation of utility margin provides meaningful and valuable insight into the information management considers important to running the business and a measure of comparability to others in the industry.
Utility margin is therefore meaningful.not a measure calculated in accordance with GAAP and should be viewed as a supplement to and not a substitute for operating income which is the most comparable financial measure prepared in accordance with GAAP. The following table provides a reconciliation of utility margin to operating income (in millions):
  Second Quarter First Six Months
  2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
Utility margin:              
Operating revenue $562
 $574
 $(12)(2)% $957
 $966
 $(9)(1)%
Cost of fuel and energy 239
 238
 1

 409
 403
 6
1
Utility margin 323
 336
 (13)(4) 548
 563
 (15)(3)
Operations and maintenance 107
 92
 15
16
 198
 180
 18
10
Depreciation and amortization 84
 78
 6
8
 168
 154
 14
9
Property and other taxes 10
 9
 1
11
 20
 19
 1
5
Operating income $122
 $157
 $(35)(22) $162
 $210
 $(48)(23)



A comparison of Nevada Power's key operating results is as follows:
 Second Quarter First Six Months  Second Quarter First Six Months
 2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
Gross margin (in millions):               
Utility margin (in millions):              
Operating revenue $574
 $525
 $49
9
% $966
 $924
 $42
5
% $562
 $574
 $(12)(2)% $957
 $966
 $(9)(1)%
Cost of fuel, energy and capacity 238
 199
 39
20
 403
 367
 36
10
 
Gross margin $336
 $326
 $10
3
 $563
 $557
 $6
1
 
Cost of fuel and energy 239
 238
 1

 409
 403
 6
1
Utility margin $323
 $336
 $(13)(4) $548
 $563
 $(15)(3)
                             
GWh sold:                             
Residential 2,482
 2,415
 67
3
% 4,000
 3,988
 12

% 2,604
 2,482
 122
5 % 4,086
 4,000
 86
2 %
Commercial 1,178
 1,176
 2

 2,152
 2,160
 (8)
  1,201
 1,178
 23
2
 2,191
 2,152
 39
2
Industrial 1,640
 1,972
 (332)(17) 3,087
 3,623
 (536)(15)  1,416
 1,640
 (224)(14) 2,650
 3,087
 (437)(14)
Other 45
 47
 (2)(4) 94
 96
 (2)(2)  46
 45
 1
2
 96
 94
 2
2
Total fully bundled(1)
 5,345
 5,610
 (265)(5) 9,333
 9,867
 (534)(5)  5,267
 5,345
 (78)(1) 9,023
 9,333
 (310)(3)
Distribution only service 430
 102
 328
*
 750
 186
 564
*
  671
 430
 241
56
 1,163
 750
 413
55
Total retail 5,775
 5,712
 63
1
 10,083
 10,053
 30

  5,938
 5,775
 163
3
 10,186
 10,083
 103
1
Wholesale 46
 46
 

 155
 101
 54
53
  84
 46
 38
83
 128
 155
 (27)(17)
Total GWh sold 5,821
 5,758
 63
1
 10,238
 10,154
 84
1
  6,022
 5,821
 201
3
 10,314
 10,238
 76
1
                             
Average number of retail customers (in thousands):                             
Residential 809
 795
 14
2
% 807
 793
 14
2
% 824
 809
 15
2 % 821
 807
 14
2 %
Commercial 106
 105
 1
1
 106
 105
 1
1
  108
 106
 2
2
 107
 106
 1
1
Industrial 2
 2
 

 2
 2
 

  2
 2
 

 2
 2
 

Total 917
 902
 15
2
 915
 900
 15
2
  934
 917
 17
2
 930
 915
 15
2
                             
Average retail revenue per MWh:               
Fully bundled(1)
 $103.85
 $91.59
 $12.26
13
% $99.56
 $91.52
 $8.04
9
%
Average per MWh:              
Revenue - fully bundled(1)
 $101.41
 $103.85
 $(2.44)(2)% $100.53
 $99.56
 $0.97
1 %
Total cost of energy(2)
 $41.75
 $42.54
 $(0.79)(2)% $42.89
 $41.29
 $1.60
4 %
                             
Heating degree days 16
 39
 (23)(59)% 791
 829
 (38)(5)% 23
 16
 7
44 % 839
 791
 48
6 %
Cooling degree days 1,378
 1,315
 63
5
% 1,489
 1,379
 110
8
% 1,473
 1,378
 95
7 % 1,492
 1,489
 3
 %
                             
Sources of energy (GWh)(2):
               
Sources of energy (GWh)(3):
              
Natural gas 3,286
 3,801
 (515)(14)% 5,746
 6,912
 (1,166)(17)% 3,612
 3,286
 326
10 % 6,013
 5,746
 267
5 %
Coal 309
 356
 (47)(13) 815
 541
 274
51
  239
 309
 (70)(23) 488
 815
 (327)(40)
Renewables 22
 13
 9
69
 38
 21
 17
81
  21
 22
 (1)(5) 36
 38
 (2)(5)
Total energy generated 3,617
 4,170
 (553)(13) 6,599
 7,474
 (875)(12)  3,872
 3,617
 255
7
 6,537
 6,599
 (62)(1)
Energy purchased 1,976
 1,707
 269
16
 3,165
 2,939
 226
8
  1,849
 1,976
 (127)(6) 2,995
 3,165
 (170)(5)
Total 5,593
 5,877
 (284)(5) 9,764
 10,413
 (649)(6)  5,721
 5,593
 128
2
 9,532
 9,764
 (232)(2)
               
Average total cost of energy per MWh(3):
 $42.54
 $33.88
 $8.66
26
% $41.29
 $35.29
 $6.00
17
%

*     Not meaningful
(1)Fully bundled includes sales to customers for combined energy, transmission and distribution services.
(2)GWh amounts are net of energy used by the related generating facilities.
(3)The average total cost of energy per MWh includes the cost of fuel, purchased power and deferrals and does not include other costs.costs and excludes 23 and 50 GWh of coal and 363 and 485 GWh of gas generated energy that is purchased at cost by related parties for the second quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively. The average total cost of energy per MWh includes the cost of fuel, purchased power and deferrals and does not include other costs and excludes 93 and 187 GWh of coal and 1,043 and 1,150 GWh of gas generated energy that is purchased at cost by related parties for the first six months of 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(3)GWh amounts are net of energy used by the related generating facilities.



GrossUtility margin increased $10decreased $13 million, or 3%4%, for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to:
$916 million in higher otherlower retail revenue primarily from impact fees and revenue relatingrates due to customers becoming distribution only service customers;the tax rate reduction rider as a result of 2017 Tax Reform;
$9 million from a refinement of the unbilled revenue estimate;
$56 million due to customer growth;lower retail rates as a result of the 2017 regulatory rate review with rates effective February 2018 and
$2 million in higher transmission revenue primarily due to customers becoming distribution only service customers.
The increase in gross margin was offset by:
$8 million in lower commercial and industrial retail revenue from customers purchasing energy from alternative providers and becoming distribution only service customers and
$6 million in lower energy efficiency program rate revenue, which is offset in operating and maintenance expense.

Operating and maintenance decreased $8 million, or 8%, for the second quarter of 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to lower energy efficiency program costs, which are fully recovered in operating revenue.

Other income (expense) is favorable $2 million, or 5%, for the second quarter of 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to lower interest expense on deferred charges.

Income tax expense increased $7 million, or 19%, for the second quarter of 2017 compared to 2016 due to higher pre-tax income. The effective tax rate was 36% in 2017 and 35% in 2016.

Gross margin increased $6 million, or 1%, for the first six months of 2017 compared to 2016 due to:
$11 million in higher other retail revenue primarily from impact fees and revenue relating to customers becoming distribution only service customers;
$9 million from a refinement of the unbilled revenue estimate;
$5 million due to customer growth; and
$3 million in higher transmission revenue primarily due to customers becoming distribution only service customers.
The increase in gross margin was offset by:
$12 million in lower energy efficiency program rate revenue, which is offset in operating and maintenance expense and
$9 million in lower commercial and industrial retail revenue from customers purchasing energy from alternative providers and becoming distribution only service customers.
The decrease in utility margin was offset by:
$5 million in higher residential volumes primarily from the impacts of weather and
$2 million in higher other revenue primarily from impact fees and revenue relating to customers becoming distribution only service customers.

OperatingOperations and maintenance increased $15 million, or 16%, for the second quarter of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to higher political activity expenses, an accrual for earnings sharing ordered in the Nevada Power 2017 regulatory rate review and regulatory amortizations in 2017 from a gain on sale of property. These increases were partially offset by increased regulatory amortizations.

Depreciation and amortization increased $6 million, or 8%, for the second quarter of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to various regulatory directed amortizations and increased depreciation expense as a result of the Nevada Power 2017 regulatory rate review.

Income tax expensedecreased $24 million, or 56%, for the second quarter of 2018 compared to 2017. The effective tax rate was 23% in 2018 and 36% in 2017. The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily due to 2017 Tax Reform, which reduced the United States federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018, and the favorable impacts of rate making, partially offset by nondeductible expenses.

Utility margin decreased $15 million, or 3%, for the first six months of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to:
$16 million in lower retail rates due to the tax rate reduction rider as a result of 2017 Tax Reform;
$8 million due to lower retail rates as a result of the 2017 regulatory rate review with rates effective February 2018 and
$3 million in lower commercial and industrial retail revenue from customers purchasing energy from alternative providers and becoming distribution only service customers.
The decrease in utility margin was offset by:
$4 million due to higher residential customer growth;
$3 million in higher other revenue primarily from impact fees and revenue relating to customers becoming distribution only service customers and
$2 million in higher residential volumes primarily from the impacts of weather.

Operations and maintenance increased $18 million, or 10%, for the first six months of 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to higher political activity expenses, a legal settlement, an accrual for earnings sharing ordered in the Nevada Power 2017 regulatory rate review and regulatory amortizations in 2017 from a gain on sale of property. These increases were partially offset by decreased maintenance costs and increased regulatory amortizations.

Depreciation and amortization increased $14 million, or 9%, for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 2016 due to lower energy efficiency program costs, which are fully recovered in operating revenue, lower planned maintenance and other generating costs and decreased expenses related to uncollectible accounts.

Depreciation and amortization increased$3 million, or 2%, for the first six months of 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to higher plant placed in-service.various regulatory directed amortizations and increased depreciation expense as a result of the Nevada Power 2017 regulatory rate review.

Other income (expense) is favorable $6unfavorable $4 million, or 8%5%, for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to lower interest expense on deferred charges and the redemption of $210 million Series M, 5.950% General and Refunding Mortgage Notes in 2016.charges.

Income tax expense increased $10decreased $29 million, or 26%60%, for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 2016 due to higher pre-tax income.2017. The effective tax rate was 23% in 2018 and 36% in 2017.The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily due to 2017 Tax Reform, which reduced the United States federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018, and 2016.the favorable impacts of rate making, partially offset by nondeductible expenses.



Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2017,2018, Nevada Power's total net liquidity was $410 million consisting of $10 million in cash and cash equivalents and $400 million of a credit facility.as follows (in millions):

Cash and cash equivalents $416
Credit facility 400
Total net liquidity $816
Credit facility:  
Maturity date 2021

Operating Activities

Net cash flows from operating activities for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 were $255$250 million and $244$251 million, respectively. The change wasDecreases were due to receipt of impact fees lower interestreceived in 2017, higher federal tax payments, on long-term debt, decreased renewable energy programand higher payments for operating costs and lower inventory purchases,in 2018 partially offset by decreased collections from customers from lower retail rates as a result of deferred energy adjustment mechanisms and energy efficiency programs, higher payments fordecrease in fuel costs and increased collections from customers due to higher deferred operating costs related to Las Vegas and Sun Peak generating stations.energy rates.

In December 2015, the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015 ("PATH") was signed into law, extending bonus depreciation for qualifying property acquired and placed in-service before January 1, 2020 (bonus depreciation rates will be 50% for 2015-2017, 40% in 2018, and 30% in 2019), with an additional year for certain longer lived assets. Investment tax credits were extended and phased-down for solar projects that are under construction before the end of 2021 (investment tax credit rates are 30% through 2019, 26% in 2020 and 22% in 2021; they revert to the statutory rate of 10% thereafter). As a result of PATH, Nevada Power's income tax cash flows benefited in 2017 and 2016 from operations are expected to benefit due to50% bonus depreciation on qualifying assets placed in-service through 2019in service and from investment tax credits (once the net operating loss is fully utilized) earned on qualifying projects through 2021.

solar projects. In December 2017, 2017 Tax Reform was enacted which, among other items, reduces the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, eliminated bonus depreciation on qualifying regulated utility assets acquired after September 27, 2017 and eliminated the deduction for production activities, but did not impact investment tax credits. Nevada Power believes for qualifying assets acquired on or before September 27, 2017, bonus depreciation will remain available for 2018 and 2019. In February 2018, Nevada Power made a filing with the PUCN proposing a tax rate reduction rider for the lower annual income tax expense anticipated to result from 2017 Tax Reform for 2018 and beyond. The filing supported an annual rate reduction of $59 million. In March 2018, the PUCN issued an order approving the rate reduction proposed by Nevada Power. The new rates were effective April 1, 2018. The order has extended the procedural schedule to allow parties additional discovery relevant to 2017 Tax Reform and a hearing was held in July 2018. Nevada Power expects lower revenue collections and income tax payments as well as lower bonus depreciation benefits as a result of 2017 Tax Reform and related regulatory treatment. Nevada Power does not expect 2017 Tax Reform and related regulatory treatment to have a material adverse impact on its cash flows, subject to actual regulatory outcomes. The timing of Nevada Power's income tax cash flows from period to period can be significantly affected by the estimated federal income tax payment methods and assumptions for each payment date.

Investing Activities

Net cash flows from investing activities for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 were $(212)$(134) million and $(181)$(212) million, respectively. The change was due to the acquisition of the remaining 25% in the Silverhawk generating station partially offset byin 2017 and decreased capital expenditures.

Financing Activities

Net cash flows from financing activities for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 were $(312)$241 million and $(487)$(312) million, respectively. The change was due to lower repayments of long-term debt andgreater proceeds from issuance of long-term debt partially offset by higherin 2018 and dividends paid to NV Energy, Inc. of $322 million in 2017.2017 compared to no dividends paid in 2018, partially offset by higher redemptions of long-term debt in 2018.

Ability to Issue Debt

Nevada Power's ability to issue debt is primarily impacted by its financing authority from the PUCN. AsFollowing the April 2018 issuance of June 30, 2017,$575 million of general and refunding mortgage securities, Nevada Power has financing authority from the PUCN consisting of the ability to: (1) issue new long-term debt securities of up to $1.3 billion; (2) refinancing authorityrefinance up to $1.2 billion$656 million of long-term debt securities; and (3) maintain a revolving credit facility of up to $1.3 billion. Nevada Power's revolving credit facility contains a financial maintenance covenant which Nevada Power was in compliance with as of June 30, 2017.2018.



Future Uses of Cash

Nevada Power has available a variety of sources of liquidity and capital resources, both internal and external, including net cash flows from operating activities, public and private debt offerings, the use of its secured revolving credit facility, capital contributions and other sources. These sources are expected to provide funds required for current operations, capital expenditures, debt retirements and other capital requirements. The availability and terms under which Nevada Power has access to external financing depends on a variety of factors, including Nevada Power's credit ratings, investors' judgment of risk and conditions in the overall capital markets, including the condition of the utility industry.

Capital Expenditures

Nevada Power has significant future capital requirements. Capital expenditure needs are reviewed regularly by management and may change significantly as a result of these reviews, which may consider, among other factors, impacts to customers' rates; changes in environmental and other rules and regulations; impacts to customers' rates; outcomes of regulatory proceedings; changes in income tax laws; general business conditions; load projections; system reliability standards; the cost and efficiency of construction labor, equipment and materials; commodity prices; and the cost and availability of capital. Prudently incurred expenditures for compliance-related items such as pollution control technologies, replacement generation and associated operating costs are generally incorporated into Nevada Power's regulated retail rates. Expenditures for certain assets may ultimately include acquisition of existing assets.

Nevada Power's historical and forecast capital expenditures, each of which exclude amounts for non-cash equity AFUDC and other non-cash items are as follows (in millions):
Six-Month Periods AnnualSix-Month Periods Annual
Ended June 30, ForecastEnded June 30, Forecast
2016 2017 20172017 2018 2018
          
Generation development$1
 $
 $
Distribution58
 28
 58
28
 55
 174
Transmission system investment16
 5
 16
5
 5
 23
Other106
 106
 172
106
 75
 152
Total$181
 $139
 $246
$139
 $135
 $349

Nevada Power's approved forecast capital expenditures include investments related to operating projects that consist of routine expenditures for transmission, distribution, generation and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand.

In April 2017, Nevada Power purchased the remaining 25% interest in the Silverhawk natural gas-fueled generating facility for $77 million. The PUCN approved the purchase of the facility in Nevada Power’s triennial Integrated Resource Plan filing in December 2015. The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired, consisting primarily of generation utility plant, and no significant liabilities were assumed.

Contractual Obligations

As of June 30, 2017,2018, there have been no material changes outside the normal course of business in contractual obligations from the information provided in Item 7 of Nevada Power's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017.



Regulatory Matters

Nevada Power is subject to comprehensive regulation. Refer to "Regulatory Matters" in Berkshire Hathaway Energy's Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q for discussion regarding Nevada Power's current regulatory matters.

Integrated Resource Plan ("IRP")

In June 2018, Nevada Power and Sierra Pacific filed with the PUCN a joint application for approval of a 2019-2038 Triennial IRP, 2019-2021 Action Plan, and 2019-2021 Energy Supply Plan ("ESP"). As part of the filings, the Nevada Utilities seek the PUCN authorization to add 1,001 MW of renewable energy and 100 MW of energy storage capacity. The Nevada Utilities are requesting to achieve with power purchase agreements from six new solar generating resources, three battery storage systems, transmission network upgrades and the conditional early retirement of North Valmy Unit 1 generating station. The agreements are conditional upon voters not approving the ballot measure on energy choice in November 2018.



Environmental Laws and Regulations

Nevada Power is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations regarding air and water quality, RPS, emissions performance standards, climate change, coal combustion byproduct disposal, hazardous and solid waste disposal, protected species and other environmental matters that have the potential to impact Nevada Power's current and future operations. In addition to imposing continuing compliance obligations and capital expenditure requirements, these laws and regulations provide regulators with the authority to levy substantial penalties for noncompliance including fines, injunctive relief and other sanctions. These laws and regulations are administered by the EPA and various state and local agencies. All such laws and regulations are subject to a range of interpretation, which may ultimately be resolved by the courts. Environmental laws and regulations continue to evolve, and Nevada Power is unable to predict the impact of the changing laws and regulations on its operations and consolidated financial results. Nevada Power believes it is in material compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Refer to "Liquidity and Capital Resources" for discussion of Nevada Power's forecasted environmental-related capital expenditures.

Refer to "Environmental Laws and Regulations" in Berkshire Hathaway Energy's Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding environmental laws.laws and regulations.

New Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements affecting Nevada Power, refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Nevada Power's Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Certain accounting measurements require management to make estimates and judgments concerning transactions that will be settled several years in the future. Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Financial Statements based on such estimates involve numerous assumptions subject to varying and potentially significant degrees of judgment and uncertainty and will likely change in the future as additional information becomes available. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the accounting for the effects of certain types of regulation, derivatives, impairment of long-lived assets, income taxes and revenue recognition - unbilled revenue. For additional discussion of Nevada Power's critical accounting estimates, see Item 7 of Nevada Power's Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017. There have been no significant changes in Nevada Power's assumptions regarding critical accounting estimates since December 31, 2016.2017.


Sierra Pacific Power Company and its subsidiaries
Consolidated Financial Section



PART I
Item 1.Financial Statements


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


To the Board of Directors and Shareholder of
Sierra Pacific Power Company
Las Vegas, Nevada
Results of Review of Interim Financial Information

We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Sierra Pacific Power Company and subsidiaries ("Sierra Pacific") as of June 30, 2017, and2018, the related consolidated statements of operations for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, and of changes in shareholder's equity and cash flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016. Thesethe related notes (collectively referred to as the "interim financial information"). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial statements areinformation for it to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the responsibilityUnited States of Sierra Pacific's management.America.

We conducted our reviewshave previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of Sierra Pacific as of December 31, 2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholder's equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 23, 2018, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

Basis for Review Results

This interim financial information is the responsibility of Sierra Pacific's management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to Sierra Pacific in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our reviews in accordance with standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States),PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to such consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of Sierra Pacific Power Company and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholder's equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 24, 2017, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.


/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP


Las Vegas, Nevada
August 4, 20173, 2018



SIERRA PACIFIC POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions, except share data)

As ofAs of
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
ASSETS
Current assets:      
Cash and cash equivalents$4
 $55
$71
 $4
Accounts receivable, net92
 117
91
 112
Inventories45
 45
48
 49
Regulatory assets27
 25
12
 32
Other current assets15
 13
18
 17
Total current assets183
 255
240
 214
      
Property, plant and equipment, net2,841
 2,822
2,923
 2,892
Regulatory assets403
 410
297
 300
Other assets7
 6
8
 7
      
Total assets$3,434
 $3,493
$3,468
 $3,413
      
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY
Current liabilities:      
Accounts payable$81
 $146
$77
 $92
Accrued interest14
 14
14
 14
Accrued property, income and other taxes10
 10
22
 10
Regulatory liabilities18
 69
37
 19
Current portion of long-term debt and financial and capital lease obligations1
 1
2
 2
Customer deposits15
 16
18
 15
Other current liabilities16
 12
23
 12
Total current liabilities155
 268
193
 164
      
Long-term debt and financial and capital lease obligations1,152
 1,152
1,153
 1,152
Regulatory liabilities222
 221
473
 481
Deferred income taxes639
 617
332
 330
Other long-term liabilities123
 127
105
 114
Total liabilities2,291
 2,385
2,256
 2,241
      
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
 
      
Shareholder's equity:      
Common stock - $3.75 stated value, 20,000,000 shares authorized and 1,000 issued and outstanding
 

 
Other paid-in capital1,111
 1,111
Retained earnings (deficit)33
 (2)
Additional paid-in capital1,111
 1,111
Retained earnings102
 62
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net(1) (1)(1) (1)
Total shareholder's equity1,143
 1,108
1,212
 1,172
      
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity$3,434
 $3,493
$3,468
 $3,413
      
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.



SIERRA PACIFIC POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

Three-Month Periods Six-Month PeriodsThree-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Operating revenue:              
Electric$160
 $162
 $319
 $332
$169
 $160
 $350
 $319
Natural gas17
 19
 51
 66
19
 17
 60
 51
Total operating revenue177
 181
 370
 398
188
 177
 410
 370
              
Operating costs and expenses:       
Cost of fuel, energy and capacity61
 65
 117
 135
Natural gas purchased for resale6
 7
 22
 37
Operating and maintenance40
 45
 81
 86
Operating expenses:       
Cost of fuel and energy78
 61
 155
 117
Cost of natural gas purchased for resale8
 6
 31
 22
Operations and maintenance48
 40
 87
 81
Depreciation and amortization28
 29
 56
 58
29
 28
 59
 56
Property and other taxes6
 7
 12
 13
6
 6
 12
 12
Total operating costs and expenses141
 153
 288
 329
Total operating expenses169
 141
 344
 288
              
Operating income36
 28
 82
 69
19
 36
 66
 82
              
Other income (expense):              
Interest expense(11) (14) (22) (30)(11) (11) (21) (22)
Allowance for borrowed funds
 1
 
 1
1
 
 1
 
Allowance for equity funds
 
 1
 1
1
 
 2
 1
Other, net1
 
 2
 1
3
 1
 5
 2
Total other income (expense)(10) (13) (19) (27)(6) (10) (13) (19)
              
Income before income tax expense26
 15
 63
 42
13
 26
 53
 63
Income tax expense9
 5
 22
 15
6
 9
 12
 22
Net income$17
 $10
 $41
 $27
$7
 $17
 $41
 $41
              
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



SIERRA PACIFIC POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions, except shares)

         Accumulated           Accumulated  
     Other Retained Other Total     Additional Retained Other Total
 Common Stock Paid-in Earnings Comprehensive Shareholder's Common Stock Paid-in Earnings Comprehensive Shareholder's
 Shares Amount Capital (Deficit) Loss, Net Equity Shares Amount Capital (Deficit) Loss, Net Equity
                        
Balance, December 31, 2015 1,000
 $
 $1,111
 $(35) $
 $1,076
Net income 
 
 
 27
 
 27
Dividends declared 
 
 
 (40) 
 (40)
Balance, June 30, 2016 1,000
 $
 $1,111
 $(48) $
 $1,063
            
Balance, December 31, 2016 1,000
 $
 $1,111
 $(2) $(1) $1,108
 1,000
 $
 $1,111
 $(2) $(1) $1,108
Net income 
 
 
 41
 
 41
 
 
 
 41
 
 41
Dividends declared 
 
 
 (5) 
 (5) 
 
 
 (5) 
 (5)
Other equity transactions 
 
 
 (1) 
 (1) 
 
 
 (1) 
 (1)
Balance, June 30, 2017 1,000
 $
 $1,111
 $33
 $(1) $1,143
 1,000
 $
 $1,111
 $33
 $(1) $1,143
                        
Balance, December 31, 2017 1,000
 $
 $1,111
 $62
 $(1) $1,172
Net income 
 
 
 41
 
 41
Other equity transactions 
 
 
 (1) 
 (1)
Balance, June 30, 2018 1,000
 $
 $1,111
 $102
 $(1) $1,212
            
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



SIERRA PACIFIC POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
(Amounts in millions)

Six-Month PeriodsSix-Month Periods
Ended June 30,Ended June 30,
2017 20162018 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income$41
 $27
$41
 $41
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities:      
Depreciation and amortization56
 58
59
 56
Allowance for equity funds(1) (1)(2) (1)
Deferred income taxes and amortization of investment tax credits23
 15
2
 23
Changes in regulatory assets and liabilities7
 (9)19
 7
Deferred energy(20) 44
26
 (20)
Amortization of deferred energy(34) (21)(5) (34)
Other, net(1) 1

 (1)
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities:      
Accounts receivable and other assets24
 29
21
 23
Inventories
 (3)
Accrued property, income and other taxes1
 
Accrued property, income and other taxes, net11
 1
Accounts payable and other liabilities(54) 2
(10) (54)
Net cash flows from operating activities42
 142
162
 41
      
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Capital expenditures(87) (92)(94) (87)
Net cash flows from investing activities(87) (92)(94) (87)
      
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of costs
 1,095
Repayments of long-term debt and financial and capital lease obligations(1) (1,137)(1) (1)
Dividends paid(5) (40)
 (5)
Other, net
 (5)
Net cash flows from financing activities(6) (87)(1) (6)
      
Net change in cash and cash equivalents(51) (37)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period55
 106
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$4
 $69
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents67
 (52)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period8
 60
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period$75
 $8
      
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



SIERRA PACIFIC POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

(1)    Organization and Operations
(1)
General

Sierra Pacific Power Company, together with its subsidiaries ("Sierra Pacific"), is a wholly owned subsidiary of NV Energy, Inc. ("NV Energy"), a holding company that also owns Nevada Power Company ("Nevada Power") and certain other subsidiaries. Sierra Pacific is a United States regulated electric utility company serving retail customers, including residential, commercial and industrial customers and regulated retail natural gas customers primarily in northern Nevada. NV Energy is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company ("BHE"). BHE is a holding company based in Des Moines, Iowa that owns subsidiaries principally engaged in energy businesses. BHE is a consolidated subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. ("Berkshire Hathaway").

The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and regulations for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. Management believes the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for the fair presentation of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements as of June 30, 20172018 and for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016.2017. The Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income have been omitted as net income equals comprehensive income for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016.2017. The results of operations for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 20172018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

The preparation of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Actual results may differ from the estimates used in preparing the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Sierra Pacific's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162017 describes the most significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. There have been no significant changes in Sierra Pacific's assumptions regarding significant accounting estimates and policies during the six-month period ended June 30, 2017.2018.

(2)
(2)    New Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2017,February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2017-07,2016-02, which amendscreates FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 715, "Compensation - Retirement Benefits." The amendments in this guidance require that an employer disaggregate the service cost component from the other components of net benefit cost and report the service cost component in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the statement of operations separately from the service cost component and outside the subtotal of operating income. Additionally, the guidance only allows the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. This guidance must be adopted retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net benefit cost in the statement of operations and prospectively for the capitalization of the service cost component in the balance sheet. Sierra Pacific plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2018 and is currently evaluating the impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, which amends FASB ASC Subtopic 230-10, “Statement of Cash Flows - Overall.” The amendments in this guidance require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted retrospectively. Sierra Pacific plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2018 and is currently evaluating the impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.



In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, which amends FASB ASC Topic 230, "Statement of Cash Flows." The amendments in this guidance address the classification of eight specific cash flow issues within the statement of cash flows with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted retrospectively. Sierra Pacific plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2018 and does not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, which creates FASB ASC Topic 842, "Leases" and supersedes Topic 840 "Leases." This guidance increases transparency and comparability among entities by recording lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. A lessee should recognize in the balance sheet a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee have not significantly changed from previous guidance. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-01 that provides for an optional transition practical expedient allowing companies to not have to evaluate existing land easements if they were not previously accounted for under ASC Topic 840, "Leases." This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. Sierra Pacific plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2019 and is currently evaluating the impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

(3)
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

In May 2014,November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09,2016-18, which createsamends FASB ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" and supersedes ASC Topic 605, "Revenue Recognition.Subtopic 230-10, "Statement of Cash Flows - Overall." The amendments in this guidance replaces industry-specific guidancerequire that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and establishes a single five-step model to identifyamounts generally described as restricted cash and recognize revenue. The core principlerestricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additionally, the guidance requires the entity to disclose further quantitative and qualitative information regarding the nature and amount of revenues arising from contracts with customers, as well as other information about the significant judgments and estimates used in recognizing revenues from contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, which defers the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 one year to interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. During 2016, the FASB issued several ASUs that clarify the implementation guidance for ASU No. 2014-09 but do not change the core principle of the guidance. This guidance may be adopted retrospectively or under a modified retrospective method where the cumulative effect is recognized at the date of initial application.cash flows. Sierra Pacific plans to adoptadopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018 under the modified retrospective method and is currently evaluating the impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Sierra Pacific currently does not expect the timing and amount of revenue currently recognized to be materially different after adoption of the new guidance as a majority of revenue is recognized when Sierra Pacific has the right to invoice as it corresponds directly with the value to the customer of Sierra Pacific’s performance to date. Sierra Pacific's current plan is to quantitatively disaggregate revenue in the required financial statement footnote by segment and customer class.2018.




Cash equivalents consist of funds invested in money market mutual funds, United States Treasury Bills and other investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. Cash and cash equivalents exclude amounts where availability is restricted by legal requirements, loan agreements or other contractual provisions. Restricted cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, consist of funds restricted by the Public Utilities Commission of Nevada ("PUCN") for a certain renewable energy contract. A reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows is outlined below and disaggregated by the line items in which they appear on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):
 As of
 June 30, December 31,
 2018 2017
Cash and cash equivalents$71
 $4
Restricted cash and cash equivalents included in other current assets4
 4
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents$75
 $8

(4)
(3)    Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment, net consists of the following (in millions):
 As of As of
Depreciable Life June 30, December 31,Depreciable Life June 30, December 31,
 2017 2016 2018 2017
Utility plant:        
Electric generation25 - 60 years $1,140
 $1,137
25 - 60 years $1,144
 $1,144
Electric distribution20 - 100 years 1,436
 1,417
20 - 100 years 1,506
 1,459
Electric transmission50 - 100 years 774
 771
50 - 100 years 818
 786
Electric general and intangible plant5 - 70 years 176
 164
5 - 70 years 190
 181
Natural gas distribution35 - 70 years 385
 381
35 - 70 years 396
 390
Natural gas general and intangible plant5 - 70 years 14
 15
5 - 70 years 14
 14
Common general5 - 70 years 283
 267
5 - 70 years 303
 294
Utility plant 4,208
 4,152
 4,371
 4,268
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (1,479) (1,442) (1,553) (1,513)
Utility plant, net 2,729
 2,710
 2,818
 2,755
Other non-regulated, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization70 years 5
 5
70 years 5
 5
Plant, net 2,734
 2,715
 2,823
 2,760
Construction work-in-progress 107
 107
 100
 132
Property, plant and equipment, net $2,841
 $2,822
 $2,923
 $2,892

(5)
(4)    Regulatory Matters

Deferred Energy

Nevada statutes permit regulated utilities to adopt deferred energy accounting procedures. The intent of these procedures is to ease the effect on customers of fluctuations in the cost of purchased natural gas, fuel and electricity and are subject to annual prudency review by the Public Utilities Commission of Nevada ("PUCN").PUCN. Under deferred energy accounting, to the extent actual fuel and purchased power costs exceed fuel and purchased power costs recoverable through current rates that excess is not recorded as a current expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations but rather is deferred and recorded as a regulatory asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Conversely, a regulatory liability is recorded to the extent fuel and purchased power costs recoverable through current rates exceed actual fuel and purchased power costs. These excess amounts are reflected in quarterly adjustments to rates and recorded as cost of fuel energy and capacityenergy in future time periods.



Regulatory Rate Review

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("2017 Tax Reform") enacted significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code, including, among other things, a reduction in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. In June 2016,February 2018, Sierra Pacific filed an electric regulatory rate review with the PUCN. Themade a filing requested no incremental annual revenue relief. In October 2016, Sierra Pacific filed with the PUCN proposing a settlement agreement resolving most, but not all, issues intax rate reduction rider for the proceedinglower annual income tax expense anticipated to result from 2017 Tax Reform for 2018 and reduced Sierra Pacific's electric revenue requirement by $3 million spread evenly to allbeyond. The filing supports an annual rate classes.reduction of $25 million. In December 2016,March 2018, the PUCN approvedissued an order approving the settlement agreement and established an additional six MW of net metering capacity under the grandfathered rates, which are those net metering rates that were in effect prior to January 2016; the order establishes cost-based rates and a value-based excess energy credit for customers who choose to install private generation after the six MW limitation is reached.rate reduction proposed by Sierra Pacific, The new rates were effective JanuaryApril 1, 2017. In January2018. The order has extended the procedural schedule to allow parties additional discovery relevant to 2017 Tax Reform and a hearing was held in July 2018. Sierra Pacific filed a petition for reconsideration relating tocannot predict the creationtiming or ultimate outcome of the additional six MWs of net metering at the grandfathered rates. Sierra Pacific believes the effects of the PUCN decision result in additional cost shifting to non-net metering customers and reduces the stipulated rate reduction for other customer classes. In June 2017, the PUCN denied the petition for reconsideration.

In June 2016, Sierra Pacific filed a gasfurther regulatory rate review with the PUCN. The filing requested a slight decrease in its incremental annual revenue requirement. In October 2016, Sierra Pacific filed with the PUCN a settlement agreement resolving all issues in the proceeding and reduced Sierra Pacific's gas revenue requirement by $2 million. In December 2016, the PUCN approved the settlement agreement. The new rates were effective January 1, 2017.


proceedings.

Chapter 704B Applications

Chapter 704B of the Nevada Revised Statutes allows retail electric customers with an average annual load of one MWmegawatt ("MW") or more to file with the PUCN an application to purchase energy from alternative providers of a new electric resource and become distribution only service customers. On a case-by-case basis, the PUCN will assess the application and may deny or grant the application subject to conditions, including paying an impact fee, paying on-going charges and receiving approval for specific alternative energy providers and terms. The impact fee and on-going charges are assessed to alleviate the burden on other Nevada customers for the applicants'applicant's share of previously committed investments and long-term renewable contracts and are set at a level designed such that the remaining customers are not subjected to increased costs.

In September 2016, Switch, Ltd. ("Switch"), a customer of Sierra Pacific, filed an application with the PUCN to purchase energy from alternative providers of a new electric resource and become a distribution only service customer of Sierra Pacific. In December 2016, the PUCN approved a stipulation agreement that allows Switch to purchase energy from alternative providers subject to conditions. In June 2017, Switch became a distribution only service customer and started procuring energy from another energy supplier.

In November 2016, Caesars Enterprise Service ("Caesars"), a customer of Sierra Pacific, filed an application with the PUCN to purchase energy from alternative providers of a new electric resource and become a distribution only service customer of Sierra Pacific. In March 2017, the PUCN approved the application allowing Caesars to purchase energy from alternative providers subject to conditions, including paying an impact fee. In March 2017, Caesars provided notice that it intends to pay the impact fee and proceed with purchasing energy from alternative providers. In July 2017, Caesars made the required compliance filings and, in September 2017, the PUCN issued an order allowing Caesars to acquire electric energy and ancillary services from another energy supplier and become a distribution only service customer of Sierra Pacific. In January 2018, Caesars became a distribution only service customer and started procuring energy from another energy supplier for its eligible meters in the Sierra Pacific service territory. Following the PUCN’s order from March 2017, Caesars’ will pay an impact fee of $4 million in 36 monthly payments.

In May 2017, Peppermill Resort Spa Casino ("Peppermill"), a customer of Sierra Pacific, filed an application with the PUCN to purchase energy from alternative providers of a new electric resource and become a distribution only service customer of Sierra Pacific. In August 2017, the PUCN approved a stipulation allowing Peppermill to purchase energy from alternative providers subject to conditions, including paying an impact fee. In September 2017, Peppermill provided notice that it intends to pay the impact fee and proceed with purchasing energy from alternative providers. In April 2018, Peppermill paid a one-time impact fee of $3 million and became a distribution only service customer and started procuring energy from another energy supplier.

(5)(6)    Recent Financing Transactions

Credit Facilities

In June 2017,April 2018, Sierra Pacific amended and restated its existing $250 million secured credit facility, expiring June 2020, extending the maturityexpiration date to June 2020 with2021 and reducing from two to one, the available one-year extension options, subject to lender consent. The amended credit facility, which is for general corporate purposes and provides for the issuance of letters of credit, has a variable interest rate based on the Eurodollar rate or a base rate, at Sierra Pacific's option, plus a spread that varies based on Sierra Pacific's credit ratings for its senior secured long-term debt securities. The amended credit facility requires Sierra Pacific's ratio of consolidated debt, including current maturities, to total capitalization not exceed 0.65 to 1.0 as of the last day of each quarter.

(7)
Income Taxes

(6)    Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

2017 Tax Reform impacts many areas of income tax law. The most material items include the reduction of the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, the elimination of the deduction for production activities and limitations on bonus depreciation for utility property.



In December 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 to assist in the implementation process of 2017 Tax Reform by allowing for calculations to be classified as provisional and subject to remeasurement. There are three different classifications for the accounting: (1) completed, (2) not complete but reasonably estimable or (3) not complete and amounts are not reasonably estimable. Sierra Pacific has recorded the impacts of 2017 Tax Reform and believes all the impacts to be complete with the exception of interpretations of the bonus depreciation rules. Sierra Pacific has determined the amounts recorded and the interpretations relating to this items to be provisional and subject to remeasurement during the measurement period upon obtaining the necessary additional information to complete the accounting. Sierra Pacific believes its interpretations for bonus depreciation to be reasonable, however, as the guidance is clarified estimates may change. The accounting is estimated to be completed by December 2018.

A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate applicable to income before income tax expense is as follows:
 Three-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
        
Federal statutory income tax rate21% 35% 21 % 35%
Effects of ratemaking14
 
 (1) 
Nondeductible expenses8
 
 3
 
Other3
 
 
 
Effective income tax rate46% 35% 23 % 35%

(8)
Employee Benefit Plans

Sierra Pacific is a participant in benefit plans sponsored by NV Energy. The NV Energy Retirement Plan includes a qualified pension plan ("Qualified Pension Plan") and a supplemental executive retirement plan and a restoration plan (collectively, "Non‑Qualified Pension Plans") that provide pension benefits for eligible employees. The NV Energy Comprehensive Welfare Benefit and Cafeteria Plan provides certain postretirement health care and life insurance benefits for eligible retirees ("Other Postretirement Plans") on behalf of Sierra Pacific. Sierra Pacific contributed $4$6 million to the Other Postretirement PlansPlan for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017.2018. Amounts attributable to Sierra Pacific were allocated from NV Energy based upon the current, or in the case of retirees, previous, employment location. Offsetting regulatory assets and liabilities have been recorded related to the amounts not yet recognized as a component of net periodic benefit costs that will be included in regulated rates. Net periodic benefit costs not included in regulated rates are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net.



Amounts payable to NV Energy are included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and consist of the following (in millions):
As ofAs of
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
Qualified Pension Plan -      
Other long-term liabilities$(13) $(12)$(1) $(2)
      
Non-Qualified Pension Plans:      
Other current liabilities(1) (1)(1) (1)
Other long-term liabilities(9) (9)(8) (8)
      
Other Postretirement Plans -      
Other long-term liabilities(24) (28)(14) (20)



(9)
(7)    Fair Value Measurements

The carrying value of Sierra Pacific's cash, certain cash equivalents, receivables, payables, accrued liabilities and short-term borrowings approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. Sierra Pacific has various financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets using inputs from the three levels of the fair value hierarchy. A financial asset or liability classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels are as follows:

Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that Sierra Pacific has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2 - Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs).
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs reflect Sierra Pacific's judgments about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability since limited market data exists. Sierra Pacific develops these inputs based on the best information available, including its own data.

The following table presents Sierra Pacific's financial assets and liabilities recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in millions):
 Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements  
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
As of June 30, 2017       
Assets - investment funds$
 $
 $
 $
        
As of December 31, 2016       
Assets:       
Money market mutual funds(1)
$35
 $
 $
 $35
Investment funds1
 
 
 1
 $36
 $
 $
 $36
 Input Levels for Fair Value Measurements  
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
As of June 30, 2018       
Assets - money market mutual funds(1)
$40
 $
 $
 $40
        
Liabilities - commodity derivatives$
 $
 $(2) $(2)
        
As of December 31, 2017       
Assets - investment funds$
 $
 $
 $

(1)Amounts are included in cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of these money market mutual funds approximates cost.


Derivative contracts are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either assets or liabilities and are stated at estimated fair value unless they are designated as normal purchases or normal sales and qualify for the exception afforded by GAAP. When available, the fair value of derivative contracts is estimated using unadjusted quoted prices for identical contracts in the market in which Sierra Pacific transacts. When quoted prices for identical contracts are not available, Sierra Pacific uses forward price curves. Forward price curves represent Sierra Pacific's estimates of the prices at which a buyer or seller could contract today for delivery or settlement at future dates. Sierra Pacific bases its forward price curves upon internally developed models, with internal and external fundamental data inputs. Market price quotations for certain electricity and natural gas trading hubs are not as readily obtainable due to markets that are not active. Given that limited market data exists for these contracts, Sierra Pacific uses forward price curves derived from internal models based on perceived pricing relationships to major trading hubs that are based on unobservable inputs. The model incorporates a mid-market pricing convention (the mid‑point price between bid and ask prices) as a practical expedient for valuing its assets and liabilities measured and reported at fair value. The determination of the fair value for derivative contracts not only includes counterparty risk, but also the impact of Sierra Pacific's nonperformance risk on its liabilities, which as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, had an immaterial impact to the fair value of its derivative contracts. As such, Sierra Pacific considers its derivative contracts to be valued using Level 3 inputs.

Sierra Pacific's investments in money market mutual funds and equity securities are accounted for as available-for-sale securities and are stated at fair value. When available, a readily observable quoted market price or net asset value of an identical security in an active market is used to record the fair value.



The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of Sierra Pacific's commodity derivative liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant Level 3 inputs (in millions):
 Three-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
        
Beginning balance$(2) $
 $
 $
Changes in fair value recognized in regulatory assets(1) 
 (3) 
Settlements1
 
 1
 
Ending balance$(2) $
 $(2) $

Sierra Pacific's long-term debt is carried at cost on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of Sierra Pacific's long-term debt is a Level 2 fair value measurement and has been estimated based upon quoted market prices, where available, or at the present value of future cash flows discounted at rates consistent with comparable maturities with similar credit risks. The carrying value of Sierra Pacific's variable-rate long-term debt approximates fair value because of the frequent repricing of these instruments at market rates. The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of Sierra Pacific's long-term debt (in millions):
 As of June 30, 2017 As of December 31, 2016
 Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
 Value Value Value Value
        
Long-term debt$1,121
 $1,204
 $1,119
 $1,191
 As of June 30, 2018 As of December 31, 2017
 Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
 Value Value Value Value
        
Long-term debt$1,120
 $1,168
 $1,120
 $1,221

(8)(10)
Commitments and Contingencies

Environmental Laws and Regulations

Sierra Pacific is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations regarding air and water quality, renewable portfolio standards, emissions performance standards, climate change, coal combustion byproduct disposal, hazardous and solid waste disposal, protected species and other environmental matters that have the potential to impact Sierra Pacific's current and future operations. Sierra Pacific believes it is in material compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.

Legal Matters

Sierra Pacific is party to a variety of legal actions arising out of the normal course of business. Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. Sierra Pacific does not believe that such normal and routine litigation will have a material impact on its consolidated financial results.

(11)
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
(9)
Adoption

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, which created FASB ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("ASC 606") and superseded ASC Topic 605, "Revenue Recognition." The guidance replaced industry-specific guidance and established a single five-step model to identify and recognize revenue from contracts with customers ("Customer Revenue"). The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Following the issuance of ASU No. 2014-09, the FASB issued several ASUs that clarified the implementation guidance for ASU No. 2014-09 but did not change the core principle of the guidance. Sierra Pacific adopted this guidance for all applicable contracts as of January 1, 2018 under a modified retrospective method and the adoption did not have a cumulative effect impact at the date of initial adoption.



Customer Revenue

Sierra Pacific recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which Sierra Pacific expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Sierra Pacific records sales, franchise and excise taxes collected directly from customers and remitted directly to the taxing authorities on a net basis on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Substantially all of Sierra Pacific's Customer Revenue is derived from tariff based sales arrangements approved by various regulatory bodies. These tariff based revenues are mainly comprised of energy, transmission, distribution and natural gas and have performance obligations to deliver energy products and services to customers which are satisfied over time as energy is delivered or services are provided. Other revenue consists primarily of revenue recognized in accordance with ASC 840, "Leases" and amounts not considered Customer Revenue within ASC 606.

Revenue recognized is equal to what Sierra Pacific has the right to invoice as it corresponds directly with the value to the customer of Sierra Pacific's performance to date and includes billed and unbilled amounts. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, accounts receivables, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets relate substantially to Customer Revenue, including unbilled revenue of $53 million and $62 million, respectively. Payments for amounts billed are generally due from the customer within 30 days of billing. Rates charged for energy products and services are established by regulators or contractual arrangements that establish the transaction price as well as the allocation of price amongst the separate performance obligations. When preliminary regulated rates are permitted to be billed prior to final approval by the applicable regulator, certain revenue collected may be subject to refund and a liability for estimated refunds is accrued.

The following table summarizes Sierra Pacific's revenue by customer class, including a reconciliation to Sierra Pacific's reportable segment information included in Note 12, for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 (in millions):
 Three-Month Period Six-Month Period
 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
 2018 2018
 Electric
Gas
Total Electric Gas Total
Customer Revenue:




 
 
  
Retail:




 
 
  
Residential$59

$13

$72
 $127
 $39
 $166
Commercial58

4

62
 115
 15
 130
Industrial38

2

40
 77
 5
 82
Other1



1
 3
 
 3
Total fully bundled156

19

175
 322
 59
 381
Distribution only service1



1
 2
 
 2
Total retail157

19

176
 324
 59
 383
Wholesale, transmission and other10



10
 23
 
 23
Total Customer Revenue167

19

186
 347
 59
 406
Other revenue2



2
 3
 1
 4
Total revenue$169

$19

$188
 $350
 $60
 $410

Contract Assets and Liabilities

In the event one of the parties to a contract has performed before the other, Sierra Pacific would recognize a contract asset or contract liability depending on the relationship between Sierra Pacific's performance and the customer's payment. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no contract assets or contract liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.



(12)
Segment Information

Sierra Pacific has identified two reportable operating segments: regulated electric and regulated natural gas. The regulated electric segment derives most of its revenue from regulated retail sales of electricity to residential, commercial, and industrial customers and from wholesale sales. The regulated natural gas segment derives most of its revenue from regulated retail sales of natural gas to residential, commercial, and industrial customers and also obtains revenue by transporting natural gas owned by others through its distribution system. Pricing for regulated electric and regulated natural gas sales are established separately by the PUCN; therefore, management also reviews each segment separately to make decisions regarding allocation of resources and in evaluating performance.

Sierra Pacific believes presenting gross margin allows the reader to assess the impact of Sierra Pacific's regulatory treatment and its overall regulatory environment on a consistent basis and is meaningful. Gross margin is calculated as operating revenue less cost of fuel, energy and capacity and natural gas purchased for resale ("cost of sales").



The following tables provide information on a reportable segment basis (in millions):
 Three-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Operating revenue:       
Regulated electric$160
 $162
 $319
 $332
Regulated gas17
 19
 51
 66
Total operating revenue$177
 $181
 $370
 $398
        
Cost of sales:       
Regulated electric$61
 $65
 $117
 $135
Regulated gas6
 7
 22
 37
Total cost of sales$67
 $72
 $139
 $172
        
Gross margin:       
Regulated electric$99
 $97
 $202
 $197
Regulated gas11
 12
 29
 29
Total gross margin$110
 $109
 $231
 $226
        
Operating and maintenance:       
Regulated electric$36
 $40
 $72
 $76
Regulated gas4
 5
 9
 10
Total operating and maintenance$40
 $45
 $81
 $86
        
Depreciation and amortization:       
Regulated electric$24
 $25
 $49
 $50
Regulated gas4
 4
 7
 8
Total depreciation and amortization$28
 $29
 $56
 $58
        
Operating income:       
Regulated electric$34
 $26
 $70
 $59
Regulated gas2
 2
 12
 10
Total operating income$36
 $28
 $82
 $69
        
Interest expense:       
Regulated electric$10
 $13
 $20
 $27
Regulated gas1
 1
 2
 3
Total interest expense$11
 $14
 $22
 $30



 Three-Month Periods Six-Month Periods
 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Operating revenue:       
Regulated electric$169
 $160
 $350
 $319
Regulated natural gas19
 17
 60
 51
Total operating revenue$188
 $177
 $410
 $370
        
Operating income:       
Regulated electric$18
 $34
 $55
 $70
Regulated natural gas1
 2
 11
 12
Total operating income19
 36
 66
 82
Interest expense(11) (11) (21) (22)
Allowance for borrowed funds1
 
 1
 
Allowance for equity funds1
 
 2
 1
Other, net3
 1
 5
 2
Income before income tax expense$13
 $26
 $53
 $63

  As of  As of
 June 30, December 31, June 30, December 31,
 2017 2016 2018 2017
Total assets:    
Assets:    
Regulated electric $3,117
 $3,119
 $3,089
 $3,103
Regulated gas 306
 314
Regulated natural gas 301
 300
Regulated common assets(1)
 11
 60
 78
 10
Total assets $3,434
 $3,493
 $3,468
 $3,413

(1)Consists principally of cash and cash equivalents not included in either the regulated electric or regulated natural gas segments.


Item 2.    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 

General

Sierra Pacific's revenues and operating income are subject to fluctuations during the year due to impacts that seasonal weather, rate changes, and customer usage patterns have on demand for electric energy and resources. Sierra Pacific is a summer peaking utility experiencing its highest retail energy sales in response to the demand for air conditioning. The variations in energy usage due to varying weather, customer growth and other energy usage patterns, including energy efficiency and conservation measures, necessitates a continual balancing of loads and resources and purchases and sales of energy under short- and long-term energy supply contracts. As a result, the prudent management and optimization of available resources has a direct effect on the operating and financial performance of Sierra Pacific. Additionally, the timely recovery of purchased power, fuel costs and other costs and the ability to earn a fair return on investments through rates are essential to the operating and financial performance of Sierra Pacific.

The following is management's discussion and analysis of certain significant factors that have affected the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of Sierra Pacific during the periods included herein. Explanations include management's best estimate of the impact of weather, customer growth and other factors. This discussion should be read in conjunction with Sierra Pacific's historical unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q. Sierra Pacific's actual results in the future could differ significantly from the historical results.



Results of Operations for the Second Quarter and First Six Months of 20172018 and 20162017

Overview

Net income for the second quarter of 20172018 was $17 million, an increase of $7 million, a decrease of $10 million, or 70%59%, compared to 20162017 primarily due to $8 million of higher operations and maintenance primarily due to increased political activity expenses and $8 million of lower compensation and other operating costs, higher electric marginsutility margin primarily from increased customer usage due to the impactstax rate reduction rider as a result of weatherthe Tax Cuts and a decrease in interest expense from lower rates on outstanding debt balances.Jobs Act ("2017 Tax Reform").

Net income for the first six months of 2018 and 2017 was $41 million. Lower utility margin of $7 million an increase of $14 million, or 52%, compared to 2016 due to a decrease in interest expense from lower rates on outstanding debt balances, higher electric margins primarily from increased customer usage due to the impactstax rate reduction rider as a result of weather2017 Tax Reform and $6 million of higher operations and maintenance primarily due to increased political activity expenses, was offset by lower income tax primarily due to 2017 Tax Reform, which reduced the federal statutory tax rate, and lower compensation and other operating costs.pension expense.

OperatingNon-GAAP Financial Measure
Management utilizes various key financial measures that are prepared in accordance with GAAP, as well as non-GAAP financial measures such as, electric utility margin and natural gas utility margin, to help evaluate results of operations. Electric utility margin is calculated as electric operating revenue less cost of fuel and energy while natural gas utility margin is calculated as natural gas operating revenue less cost of natural gas purchased for resale, which are captions presented on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Sierra Pacific’s cost of fuel and energy and capacity andcost of natural gas purchased for resale are key drivers ofdirectly recovered from its customers through regulatory recovery mechanisms and as a result, changes in the Sierra Pacific's results of operations as they encompass retail and wholesale electricityPacific’s revenue are comparable to changes in such expenses. As such, management believes electric utility margin and natural gas utility margin more appropriately and concisely explain profitability rather than a discussion of revenue and cost of sales separately. Management believes the direct costs associated with providing electricitypresentation of electric utility margin and natural gas utility margin provides meaningful and valuable insight into the information management considers important to customers. Sierra Pacific believes thatrunning the business and a discussionmeasure of grosscomparability to others in the industry.
Electric utility margin representing operating revenue less cost of fuel, energy and capacity and natural gas purchasedutility margin is not a measure calculated in accordance with GAAP and should be viewed as a supplement to and not a substitute for resale,operating income which is therefore meaningful.the most comparable financial measure prepared in accordance with GAAP. The following table provides a reconciliation of utility margin to operating income (in millions):
  Second Quarter First Six Months
  2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
Electric utility margin:              
Electric operating revenue $169
 $160
 $9
6 % $350
 $319
 $31
10 %
Cost of fuel and energy 78
 61
 17
28
 155
 117
 38
32
Electric utility margin 91
 99
 (8)(8) 195
 202
 (7)(3)
               
Natural gas utility margin:              
Natural gas operating revenue 19
 17
 2
12 % 60
 51
 9
18 %
Cost of natural gas purchased for resale 8
 6
 2
33
 31
 22
 9
41
Natural gas utility margin 11
 11
 

 29
 29
 

               
Utility margin 102
 110
 (8)(7)% 224
 231
 (7)(3)%
               
Operations and maintenance 48
 40
 8
20 % 87
 81
 6
7 %
Depreciation and amortization 29
 28
 1
4
 59
 56
 3
5
Property and other taxes 6
 6
 

 12
 12
 

               
Operating income $19
 $36
 $(17)(47)% $66
 $82
 $(16)(20)%



A comparison of Sierra Pacific's key operating results is as follows:

Electric GrossUtility Margin
 Second Quarter First Six Months Second Quarter First Six Months
 2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
Gross margin (in millions):               
Operating electric revenue $160
 $162
 $(2)(1)% $319
 $332
 $(13)(4)%
Cost of fuel, energy and capacity 61
 65
 (4)(6) 117
 135
 (18)(13) 
Gross margin $99
 $97
 $2
2
 $202
 $197
 $5
3
 
Electric utility margin (in millions):              
Electric operating revenue $169
 $160
 $9
6 % $350
 $319
 $31
10 %
Cost of fuel and energy 78
 61
 17
28
 155
 117
 38
32
Electric utility margin $91
 $99
 $(8)(8) $195
 $202
 $(7)(3)
                             
GWh sold:                             
Residential 538
 495
 43
9
% 1,168
 1,104
 64
6
% 527
 538
 (11)(2)% 1,140
 1,168
 (28)(2)%
Commercial 742
 738
 4
1
 1,421
 1,387
 34
2
  711
 742
 (31)(4) 1,408
 1,421
 (13)(1)
Industrial 805
 750
 55
7
 1,549
 1,488
 61
4
  811
 805
 6
1
 1,630
 1,549
 81
5
Other 4
 4
 

 8
 8
 

  4
 4
 

 8
 8
 

Total fully bundled(1)
 2,089
 1,987
 102
5
 4,146

3,987

159
4
  2,053
 2,089
 (36)(2) 4,186

4,146

40
1
Distribution only service 345
 334
 11
3
 693

673

20
3
  387
 345
 42
12
 749

693

56
8
Total retail 2,434
 2,321
 113
5
 4,839
 4,660
 179
4
  2,440
 2,434
 6

 4,935
 4,839
 96
2
Wholesale 107
 146
 (39)(27) 289
 334
 (45)(13)  111
 107
 4
4
 282
 289
 (7)(2)
Total GWh sold 2,541
 2,467
 74
3
 5,128
 4,994
 134
3
  2,551
 2,541
 10

 5,217
 5,128
 89
2
                             
Average number of retail customers (in thousands):                             
Residential 295
 292
 3
1
% 294
 291
 3
1
% 299
 295
 4
1 % 298
 294
 4
1 %
Commercial 47
 46
 1
2
 47
 46
 1
2
  47
 47
 

 47
 47
 

Total 342
 338
 4
1
 341
 337
 4
1
  346
 342
 4
1
 345
 341
 4
1
                             
Average revenue per MWh:               
Retail fully bundled(1)
 $71.32
 $75.84
 $(4.52)(6)% $70.61
 $77.09
 $(6.48)(8)%
Wholesale $49.81
 $46.89
 $2.92
6
 $49.97

$50.35

$(0.38)(1) 
Average per MWh:              
Revenue - fully bundled(1)
 $76.36
 $71.32
 $5.04
7 % $77.16
 $70.61
 $6.55
9 %
Revenue - wholesale $42.54
 $49.81
 $(7.27)(15)% $46.76

$49.97

$(3.21)(6)%
Total cost of energy(2)
 $33.99
 $26.41
 $7.58
29 % $33.24
 $24.70
 $8.54
35 %
                             
Heating degree days 572
 484
 88
18
% 2,705
 2,444
 261
11
% 485
 572
 (87)(15)% 2,625
 2,705
 (80)(3)%
Cooling degree days 331
 292
 39
13
% 331
 292
 39
13
% 240
 331
 (91)(27)% 240
 331
 (91)(27)%
                             
Sources of energy (GWh)(2):
               
Sources of energy (GWh)(3):
              
Natural gas 996
 991
 5
1
% 2,006

1,980

26
1
% 1,078
 996
 82
8 % 2,135

2,006

129
6 %
Coal 102
 85
 17
20
 102
 299
 (197)(66)  197
 102
 95
93
 197
 102
 95
93
Renewables 14
 
 14
*
 19



19
*
  12
 14
 (2)(14) 18

19

(1)(5)
Total energy generated 1,112
 1,076
 36
3
 2,127
 2,279
 (152)(7)  1,287
 1,112
 175
16
 2,350
 2,127
 223
10
Energy purchased 1,201
 1,089
 112
10
 2,624
 2,233
 391
18
  999
 1,201
 (202)(17) 2,305
 2,624
 (319)(12)
Total 2,313
 2,165
 148
7
 4,751
 4,512
 239
5
  2,286
 2,313
 (27)(1) 4,655
 4,751
 (96)(2)
               
Average total cost of energy per MWh(3):
 $26.41
 $30.24
 $(3.83)(13)% $24.70

$29.93

$(5.23)(17)%

*     Not meaningful
(1)Fully bundled includes sales to customers for combined energy, transmission and distribution services.
(2)GWh amounts are net of energy used by the related generating facilities.
(3)The average total cost of energy per MWh includes the cost of fuel, purchased power and deferrals and does not include other costs.costs and excludes 19 GWh of coal and 49 GWh of gas generated energy that is purchased at cost by related parties for the second quarter and first six months of 2018.In the second quarter and first six months of 2017, there were no GWh of coal or gas excluded.
(3)GWh amounts are net of energy used by the related generating facilities.



Natural Gas GrossUtility Margin
 Second Quarter  First Six Months  Second Quarter First Six Months
 2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
Gross margin (in millions):               
Operating natural gas revenue $17
 $19
 $(2)(11)% $51
 $66
 $(15)(23)%
Natural gas purchased for resale 6
 7
 (1)(14) 22
 37
 (15)(41) 
Gross margin $11
 $12
 $(1)(8) $29
 $29
 $

 
Natural gas utility margin (in millions):              
Natural gas operating revenue $19
 $17
 $2
12 % $60
 $51
 $9
18 %
Cost of natural gas purchased for resale 8
 6
 2
33
 31
 22
 9
41
Natural gas utility margin $11
 $11
 $

 $29
 $29
 $

                             
Dth sold:                             
Residential 1,572
 1,368
 204
15
% 6,031
 5,231
 800
15
% 1,461
 1,572
 (111)(7)% 5,780
 6,031
 (251)(4)%
Commercial 832
 691
 141
20
 3,028
 2,723
 305
11
  788
 832
 (44)(5) 2,900
 3,028
 (128)(4)
Industrial 351
 291
 60
21
 1,011
 864
 147
17
  407
 351
 56
16
 1,097
 1,011
 86
9
Total retail 2,755
 2,350
 405
17
 10,070
 8,818
 1,252
14
  2,656
 2,755
 (99)(4) 9,777
 10,070
 (293)(3)
                             
Average number of retail customers (in thousands) 164
 161
 3
2
% 164
 161
 3
2
% 167
 164
 3
2 % 166
 164
 2
1 %
Average revenue per retail Dth sold $6.05
 $7.92
 $(1.87)(24)% $4.98
 $7.28
 $(2.30)(32)% $7.13
 $6.05
 $1.08
18 % $6.02
 $4.98
 $1.04
21 %
Average cost of natural gas per retail Dth sold $4.26
 $3.54
 $0.72
20
% $4.19
 $4.24
 $(0.05)(1)% $2.73
 $4.26
 $(1.53)(36)% $3.09
 $4.19
 $(1.10)(26)%
Heating degree days 572
 484
 88
18
% 2,705
 2,444
 261
11
% 485
 572
 (87)(15)% 2,625
 2,705
 (80)(3)%

Electric grossutility margin increased $2decreased $8 million, or 2%8%, for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to higherto:
$6 million in tax rate reduction rider as a result of 2017 Tax Reform and
$2 million in lower customer usagevolumes primarily from the impacts of weather.

OperatingOperations and maintenancedecreased $5 increased $8 million,, or 11%20%, for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to lower compensation and other operating costs.increased political activity expenses.

Other income (expense) is favorable $3$4 million, or 23%40%, for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to a decreaselower pension expense and an increase in interest expense from lower rates on outstanding debt balances.allowance for funds used during construction.

Income tax expense increased $4decreased $3 million, or 80%33%, for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to 2016 due to higher pre-tax income.2017. The effective tax rate was 46% in 2018 and 35% in 2017. The increase in the effective tax rate is primarily due to increases in the impacts of ratemaking and nondeductible expenses, partially offset by 2017 and 33% in 2016.Tax Reform, which reduced the United States federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018.

Electric grossutility margin increased $5decreased $7 million, or 3%, for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to:
$45 million higherin tax rate reduction rider as a result of 2017 Tax Reform and
$3 million in lower customer usagevolumes primarily from the impacts of weather and
$2 million in higher transmission revenue.
The increase in gross margin was partially offset by:
$2 million in decreased wholesale revenue.weather.

OperatingOperations and maintenancedecreased $5 increased $6 million, or 6%7%, for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to lower compensation and other operating costs.increased political activity expenses.

Depreciation and amortizationdecreased $2 increased $3 million, or 3%5%, for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to regulatory amortizations.higher plant placed in service.

Other income (expense) is favorable $8$6 million, or 30%32%, for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 20162017 primarily due to a decreaselower pension expense and an increase in interest expense from lower rates on outstanding debt balances.allowance for funds used during construction.



Income tax expense increased $7decreased $10 million, or 47%45%, for the first six months of 20172018 compared to 2016 due to higher pre-tax income.2017. The effective tax rate was 23% in 2018 and 35% in 2017. The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily due to 2017 Tax Reform, which reduced the United States federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018, and 36% in 2016.the favorable impacts of rate making, partially offset by nondeductible expenses.



Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2017,2018, Sierra Pacific's total net liquidity was as follows (in millions):

Cash and cash equivalents $4
 $71
    
Credit facility 250
 250
Less:    
Tax-exempt bond support (80) (80)
Net credit facility 170
 170
    
Total net liquidity $174
 $241
Credit facility:  
Maturity date 2021

Operating Activities

Net cash flows from operating activities for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 were $42$162 million and $142$41 million, respectively. The change was due to higher payments fora decrease in fuel costs, decreasedincreased collections from customers due to lower retail rates as a result ofhigher deferred energy adjustment mechanismsrates and higher contributions to retirement plans, partially offset by lower interest payments on long-term debt.for operating costs.

In December 2015, the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015 ("PATH") was signed into law, extending bonus depreciation for qualifying property acquired and placed in-service before January 1, 2020 (bonus depreciation rates will be 50% for 2015-2017, 40% in 2018, and 30% in 2019), with an additional year for certain longer lived assets. Investment tax credits were extended and phased-down for solar projects that are under construction before the end of 2021 (investment tax credit rates are 30% through 2019, 26% in 2020 and 22% in 2021; they revert to the statutory rate of 10% thereafter). As a result of PATH, Sierra Pacific's income tax cash flows benefited in 2017 and 2016 from operations are expected to benefit due to50% bonus depreciation on qualifying assets placed in-service through 2019 and investmentin service. In December 2017, 2017 Tax Reform was enacted which, among other items, reduces the federal corporate tax credits (once the net operating loss is fully utilized) earnedrate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, eliminated bonus depreciation on qualifying projects through 2021.

regulated utility assets acquired after September 27, 2017 and eliminated the deduction for production activities. Sierra Pacific believes for qualifying assets acquired on or before September 27, 2017, bonus depreciation will remain available for 2018 and 2019. In February 2018, Sierra Pacific made a filing with the PUCN proposing a tax rate reduction rider for the lower annual income tax expense anticipated to result from 2017 Tax Reform for 2018 and beyond. The filing supported an annual rate reduction of $25 million. In March 2018, the PUCN issued an order approving the rate reduction proposed by Sierra Pacific. The new rates were effective April 1, 2018. The order has extended the procedural schedule to allow parties additional discovery relevant to 2017 Tax Reform and a hearing was held in July 2018. Sierra Pacific expects lower revenue collections and income tax payments as well as lower bonus depreciation benefits as a result of 2017 Tax Reform and the related regulatory treatment. Sierra Pacific does not expect 2017 Tax Reform and related regulatory treatment to have a material adverse impact on its cash flows, subject to actual regulatory outcomes. The timing of Sierra Pacific's income tax cash flows from period to period can be significantly affected by the estimated federal income tax payment methods and assumptions for each payment date.

Investing Activities

Net cash flows from investing activities for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 were $(87)$(94) million and $(92)$(87) million, respectively. The change was primarily due to decreasedincreased capital expenditures.

Financing Activities

Net cash flows from financing activities for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 were $(6)$(1) million and $(87)$(6) million, respectively. The change was primarily due to lower repayments of long-term debt and lower dividends paid to NV Energy, Inc. in 2017, partially offset by lower proceeds from issuance of long-term debt.2017.



Ability to Issue Debt

Sierra Pacific's ability to issue debt is primarily impacted by its financing authority from the PUCN. As of June 30, 2017,2018, Sierra Pacific has financing authority from the PUCN consisting of the ability to: (1) issue additional long-term debt securities of up to $350 million; (2) refinance up to $55 million of long-term debt securities; and (3) maintain a revolving credit facility of up to $600 million. Sierra Pacific's revolving credit facility contains a financial maintenance covenant which Sierra Pacific was in compliance with as of June 30, 2017.

2018.

Future Uses of Cash

Sierra Pacific has available a variety of sources of liquidity and capital resources, both internal and external, including net cash flows from operating activities, public and private debt offerings, the use of its secured revolving credit facility, capital contributions and other sources. These sources are expected to provide funds required for current operations, capital expenditures, debt retirements and other capital requirements. The availability and terms under which Sierra Pacific has access to external financing depends on a variety of factors, including Sierra Pacific's credit ratings, investors' judgment of risk and conditions in the overall capital markets, including the condition of the utility industry.

Capital Expenditures

Sierra Pacific has significant future capital requirements. Capital expenditure needs are reviewed regularly by management and may change significantly as a result of these reviews, which may consider, among other factors, impacts to customers' rates; changes in environmental and other rules and regulations; impacts to customers' rates; outcomes of regulatory proceedings; changes in income tax laws; general business conditions; load projections; system reliability standards; the cost and efficiency of construction labor, equipment and materials; commodity prices; and the cost and availability of capital. Prudently incurred expenditures for compliance-related items such as pollution-control technologies, replacement generation and associated operating costs are generally incorporated into Sierra Pacific's regulated retail rates. Expenditures for certain assets may ultimately include acquisition of existing assets.

Sierra Pacific's historical and forecast capital expenditures, each of which exclude amounts for non-cash equity AFUDC and other non-cash items are as follows (in millions):
Six-Month Periods AnnualSix-Month Periods Annual
Ended June 30, ForecastEnded June 30, Forecast
2016 2017 20172017 2018 2018
          
Distribution$40
 $38
 $90
$38
 $69
 $155
Transmission system investment10
 6
 17
6
 2
 9
Other42
 43
 86
43
 23
 52
Total$92
 $87
 $193
$87
 $94
 $216

Sierra Pacific's forecast capital expenditures include investments that relaterelated to operating projects that consist of routine expenditures for transmission, distribution, generation and other infrastructure needed to serve existing and expected demand.

Contractual Obligations

As of June 30, 2017,2018, there have been no material changes outside the normal course of business in contractual obligations from the information provided in Item 7 of Sierra Pacific's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017.



Regulatory Matters

Sierra Pacific is subject to comprehensive regulation. Refer to "Regulatory Matters" in Berkshire Hathaway Energy's Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q for discussion regarding Sierra Pacific's current regulatory matters.

Integrated Resource Plan ("IRP")

In June 2018, Nevada Power and Sierra Pacific filed with the PUCN a joint application for approval of a 2019-2038 Triennial IRP, 2019-2021 Action Plan, and 2019-2021 Energy Supply Plan ("ESP"). As part of the filings, the Nevada Utilities seek the PUCN authorization to add 1,001 MW of renewable energy and 100 MW of energy storage capacity. The Nevada Utilities are requesting to achieve with power purchase agreements from six new solar generating resources, three battery storage systems, transmission network upgrades and the conditional early retirement of North Valmy Unit 1 generating station. The agreements are conditional upon voters not approving the ballot measure on energy choice in November 2018.

Environmental Laws and Regulations

Sierra Pacific is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations regarding air and water quality, RPS, emissions performance standards, climate change, coal combustion byproduct disposal, hazardous and solid waste disposal, protected species and other environmental matters that have the potential to impact Sierra Pacific's current and future operations. In addition to imposing continuing compliance obligations and capital expenditure requirements, these laws and regulations provide regulators with the authority to levy substantial penalties for noncompliance including fines, injunctive relief and other sanctions. These laws and regulations are administered by the EPA and various state and local agencies. All such laws and regulations are subject to a range of interpretation, which may ultimately be resolved by the courts. Environmental laws and regulations continue to evolve, and Sierra Pacific is unable to predict the impact of the changing laws and regulations on its operations and consolidated financial results. Sierra Pacific believes it is in material compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Refer to "Liquidity and Capital Resources" for discussion of Sierra Pacific's forecasted environmental-related capital expenditures.



Refer to "Environmental Laws and Regulations" in Berkshire Hathaway Energy's Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding environmental laws and regulations.

New Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements affecting Sierra Pacific, refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Sierra Pacific's Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Certain accounting measurements require management to make estimates and judgments concerning transactions that will be settled several years in the future. Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Financial Statements based on such estimates involve numerous assumptions subject to varying and potentially significant degrees of judgment and uncertainty and will likely change in the future as additional information becomes available. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the accounting for the effects of certain types of regulation, derivatives, impairment of long-lived assets, income taxes and revenue recognition - unbilled revenue. For additional discussion of Sierra Pacific's critical accounting estimates, see Item 7 of Sierra Pacific's Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017. There have been no significant changes in Sierra Pacific's assumptions regarding critical accounting estimates since December 31, 2016.2017.



Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

For quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk affecting the Registrants, see Item 7A of each Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162017. Each Registrant's exposure to market risk and its management of such risk has not changed materially since December 31, 20162017. Refer to Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of Berkshire Hathaway Energy in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q, Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of PacifiCorp in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q and Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of Nevada Power in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for disclosure of the respective Registrant's derivative positions as of June 30, 20172018.

Item 4.Controls and Procedures

At the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, each of Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company, PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Funding, LLC, MidAmerican Energy Company, Nevada Power Company and Sierra Pacific Power Company carried out separate evaluations, under the supervision and with the participation of each such entity's management, including its Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and its Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), or persons performing similar functions, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based upon these evaluations, management of each such entity, including its Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and its Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), or persons performing similar functions, in each case, concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures for such entity were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by such entity in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the United States Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to its management, including its Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and its Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), or persons performing similar functions, in each case, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure by it. Each such entity hereby states that there has been no change in its internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 20172018 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.



PART II

Item 1.Legal Proceedings

Not applicable.

Item 1A.Risk Factors

There has been no material change to each Registrant's risk factors from those disclosed in Item 1A of each Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162017.

Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures

Information regarding Berkshire Hathaway Energy's and PacifiCorp's mine safety violations and other legal matters disclosed in accordance with Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act is included in Exhibit 95 to this Form 10-Q.

Item 5.Other Information

Not applicable.

Item 6.Exhibits

The following is a list of exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed as part of this Quarterly Report.



Exhibit No.Description

BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY
4.1
4.2
10.1
10.2
10.3
15.1
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2

PACIFICORP
15.2
31.3
31.4
32.3
32.4

BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY AND PACIFICORP
4.3
10.4
10.5
95


Exhibit No.Description

MIDAMERICAN ENERGY
15.3
31.5
31.6
32.5
32.6

BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY AND MIDAMERICAN ENERGY
10.6

MIDAMERICAN FUNDING
31.7
31.8
32.7
32.8

NEVADA POWER
3.1
15.4
31.9
31.10
32.9
32.10

BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY AND NEVADA POWER
4.4
10.7



Exhibit No.Description

SIERRA PACIFIC
3.2
31.11
31.12
32.11
32.12

BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY AND SIERRA PACIFIC
10.8

ALL REGISTRANTS
101The following financial information from each respective Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, is formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) and included herein: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged in summary and detail.


SIGNATURES


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY COMPANY
  
Date: August 4, 20173, 2018/s/ Patrick J. Goodman
 Patrick J. Goodman
 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 (principal financial and accounting officer)
  
 PACIFICORP
  
Date: August 4, 20173, 2018/s/ Nikki L. Kobliha
 Nikki L. Kobliha
 Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
 (principal financial and accounting officer)
  
 MIDAMERICAN FUNDING, LLC
 MIDAMERICAN ENERGY COMPANY
  
Date: August 4, 20173, 2018/s/ Thomas B. Specketer
 Thomas B. Specketer
 Vice President and Controller
 of MidAmerican Funding, LLC and
 and Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 of MidAmerican Energy Company
 (principal financial and accounting officer)
  
 NEVADA POWER COMPANY
  
Date: August 4, 20173, 2018/s/ E. Kevin Bethel
 E. Kevin Bethel
 Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 (principal financial and accounting officer)
  
 SIERRA PACIFIC POWER COMPANY
  
Date: August 4, 20173, 2018/s/ E. Kevin Bethel
 E. Kevin Bethel
 Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 (principal financial and accounting officer)


EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.Description

BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY
10.1$1,000,000,000 Credit Agreement, dated as of May 11, 2017, among Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company, as Borrower, the Banks, Financial Institutions and Other Institutional Lenders, as Initial Lenders, and The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, LTD., as Administrative Agent.
15.1Awareness Letter of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1Principal Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2Principal Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1Principal Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2Principal Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

PACIFICORP
15.2Awareness Letter of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.3Principal Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.4Principal Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.3Principal Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.4Principal Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY AND PACIFICORP
10.2$600,000,000 Credit Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2017, among PacifiCorp, as Borrower, the Banks, Financial Institutions and Other Institutional Lenders, as Initial Lenders, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and the LC Issuing Banks.
95Mine Safety Disclosures Required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.

MIDAMERICAN ENERGY
15.3Awareness Letter of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.5Principal Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.6Principal Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.5Principal Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.6Principal Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY AND MIDAMERICAN ENERGY
10.3$900,000,000 Credit Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2017, among MidAmerican Energy Company, as Borrower, the Banks, Financial Institutions and Other Institutional Lenders, as Initial Lenders, Mizuho Bank, LTD., as Administrative Agent, and the LC Issuing Banks.



Exhibit No.Description

MIDAMERICAN FUNDING
31.7Principal Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.8Principal Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.7Principal Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.8Principal Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

NEVADA POWER
15.4Awareness Letter of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.9Principal Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.10Principal Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.9Principal Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.10Principal Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY AND NEVADA POWER
4.1Financing Agreement dated May 1, 2017 between Clark County, Nevada and Nevada Power Company (relating to Clark County, Nevada's $39,500,000 Pollution Control Refunding Revenue Bonds (Nevada Power Company Project) Series 2017) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Nevada Power Company Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 25, 2017).
4.2Financing Agreement dated May 1, 2017 between the Coconino County, Arizona Pollution Control Corporation and Nevada Power Company (relating to the Coconino County, Arizona Pollution Control Corporation's $53,000,000 Pollution Control Refunding Revenue Bonds (Nevada Power Company Projects) Series 2017A and 2017B) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Nevada Power Company Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 25, 2017).
4.3Officer’s Certificate establishing the terms of Nevada Power Company’s General and Refunding Mortgage Notes, Series AA (Nos. AA-1 and AA-2) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Nevada Power Company Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 25, 2017).
10.4$400,000,000 Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2017, among Nevada Power Company, as Borrower, the Banks, Financial Institutions and Other Institutional Lenders, as Initial Lenders, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and the LC Issuing Banks.

SIERRA PACIFIC
31.11Principal Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.12Principal Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.11Principal Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.12Principal Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY AND SIERRA PACIFIC
10.5$250,000,000 Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2017, among Sierra Pacific Power Company, as Borrower, the Banks, Financial Institutions and Other Institutional Lenders, as Initial Lenders, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and the LC Issuing Banks.



Exhibit No.Description

ALL REGISTRANTS
101
The following financial information from each respective Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, is formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) and included herein: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged in summary and detail.

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