UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



(Mark One)
þ	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH ~~31, 2018~~30, 2019
OR
¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission File No. 001-15943

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)



Delaware		06-1397316
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
251 Ballardvale Street Wilmington, Massachusetts (Address of Principal Executive Offices)		01887 (Zip Code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code): (781) 222-6000



Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class	Ticker symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.01 par value	CRL	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically ~~and posted on its corporate Website, if any,~~ every Interactive Data File required to be submitted ~~and posted~~ pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit ~~and post~~ such files. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer þ	Accelerated filer ¨	Non-accelerated filer ¨~~(Do not check if smaller~~ ~~reporting company)~~
Smaller reporting company ¨	Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by a check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No þ

As of April ~~27, 2018,~~26, 2019, there were ~~47,911,809~~48,754,419 shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding.

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH ~~31, 2018~~30, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Item		Page		Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION	PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION		PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1	Financial Statements		Financial Statements
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and April 1, 2017	3	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) for the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and April 1, 2017	4	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018	4
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017	5	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) as of March 30, 2019 and December 29, 2018	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and April 1, 2017	6	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018	6
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	28	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	32
3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk	35	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk	40
4	Controls and Procedures	36	Controls and Procedures	41
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
1	Legal Proceedings	37	Legal Proceedings	42
1A	Risk Factors	37	Risk Factors	42
2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	42
6	Exhibits	38	Exhibits	44

Signatures	Signatures	39	Signatures	45

Special Note on Factors Affecting Future Results

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and the future results of Charles River Laboratories International, Inc. that are based on our current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the industries in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. Words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “target,” “goal,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “estimate,” “will,” “likely,” “may,” “designed,” “would,” “future,” “can,” “could,” and other similar expressions ~~that~~which are predictions of, or indicate future events and trends or which do not relate to historical matters, are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are based on our current expectations and beliefs and involve a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. These statements also include statements regarding risks and uncertainties associated with the unauthorized access into our information systems reported on April 30, 2019, including the timing and effectiveness of adding enforced security features and monitoring procedures, and the potential revenue and financial impact related to the incident.

For example, we may use forward-looking statements when addressing topics such as: goodwill and asset impairments still under review; future demand for drug discovery and development products and services, including the outsourcing of these services; our expectations regarding stock repurchases, including the number of shares to be repurchased, expected timing and duration, the amount of capital that may be expended and the treatment of repurchased shares; present spending trends and other cost reduction activities by our clients; future actions by our management; the outcome of contingencies; changes in our business strategy, business practices and methods of generating revenue; the development and performance of our services and products; market and industry conditions, including competitive and pricing trends; our strategic relationships with leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, ~~and~~ venture capital investments, and opportunities for future similar arrangements; our cost structure; the impact of ~~acquisitions;~~acquisitions, including Citoxlab; our expectations with respect to revenue growth and operating synergies (including the impact of specific actions intended to cause related improvements); the impact of specific actions intended to improve overall operating efficiencies and profitability (and our ability to accommodate future demand with our infrastructure), including gains and losses attributable to businesses we plan to close, consolidate, divest or ~~divest (including our Maryland research model production site);~~repurpose; changes in our expectations regarding future stock option, restricted stock, performance share units, and other equity grants to employees and directors; expectations with respect to foreign currency exchange; assessing (or changing our assessment of) our tax positions for financial statement purposes; and our liquidity. In addition, these statements include the impact of economic and market conditions on us and our clients; the effects of our cost saving actions and the steps to optimize returns to shareholders on an effective and timely basis; and our ability to withstand the current market conditions.

You should not rely on forward-looking statements because they are predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this document, or in the case of statements incorporated by reference, on the date of the document incorporated by reference.

Factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December ~~30, 2017,~~29, 2018, under the sections entitled “Our Strategy,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, under the sections entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors,” in our press releases, and other financial filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We have no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or risks. New information, future events, or risks may cause the forward-looking events we discuss in this report not to occur.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018			April 1, 2017			March 30, 2019			March 31, 2018
Service revenue	$	345,454		$	304,531		$	450,942		$	345,454
Product revenue	148,516			141,232			153,627			148,516
Total revenue	493,970			445,763			604,569			493,970
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services provided (excluding amortization of intangible assets)	243,808			207,167			316,800			243,808
Cost of products sold (excluding amortization of intangible assets)	68,693			67,244			75,992			68,693
Selling, general and administrative	103,372			90,909			122,574			103,372
Amortization of intangible assets	10,268			10,737			19,411			10,268
Operating income	67,829			69,706			69,792			67,829
Other income (expense):
Interest income	282			202			179			282
Interest expense	(11,191		)	(6,983		)	(9,987		)	(11,191		)
Other income, net	6,120			15,122			6,306			6,120
Income from continuing operations, before income taxes	63,040			78,047			66,290			63,040
Provision for income taxes	9,772			31,084			10,602			9,772
Income from continuing operations, net of income taxes	53,268			46,963			55,688			53,268
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	(23		)	(4		)	—			(23		)
Net income	53,245			46,959			55,688			53,245
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	614			181			555			614
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	52,631		$	46,778		$	55,133		$	52,631

Earnings per common share
Basic:
Continuing operations attributable to common shareholders	$	1.10		$	0.98		$	1.14		$	1.10
Discontinued operations	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	1.10		$	0.98		$	1.14		$	1.10
Diluted:
Continuing operations attributable to common shareholders	$	1.08		$	0.97		$	1.11		$	1.08
Discontinued operations	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	1.08		$	0.97		$	1.11		$	1.08




Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic							48,458			47,785
Diluted							49,462			48,828


See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)


	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018		April 1, 2017		March 30, 2019			March 31, 2018
Net income	$	53,245	$	46,959	$	55,688		$	53,245
Other comprehensive income:
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other	25,431		11,221		9,885			25,431
Amortization of net loss and prior service benefit included in net periodic cost for pension and other post-retirement benefit plans	459		854		374			459
Comprehensive income, before income taxes	79,135		59,034		65,947			79,135
Less: Income tax expense related to items of other comprehensive income	1,722		226
Less: Income tax (benefit) expense related to items of other comprehensive income					(102		)	1,722
Comprehensive income, net of income taxes	77,413		58,808		66,049			77,413
Less: Comprehensive income related to noncontrolling interest, net of income taxes	1,178		298
Comprehensive income attributable to common shareholders	$	76,235	$	58,510
Less: Comprehensive income related to noncontrolling interests, net of income taxes					1,013			1,178
Comprehensive income attributable to common shareholders, net of income taxes					$	65,036		$	76,235






























See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)


	March 31, 2018			December 30, 2017			March 30, 2019			December 29, 2018
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	187,774		$	163,794		$	126,316		$	195,442
Trade receivables, net	440,109			430,016			495,501			472,248
Inventories	119,046			114,956			129,765			127,892
Prepaid assets	43,340			36,544			58,549			53,447
Other current assets	53,079			81,315			56,051			48,807
Total current assets	843,348			826,625			866,182			897,836
Property, plant and equipment, net	788,554			781,973			907,367			932,877
Right-of-use asset-operating leases							130,704			—
Goodwill	835,936			804,906			1,245,848			1,247,133
Client relationships, net	304,420			301,891			525,108			537,945
Other intangible assets, net	65,876			67,871			69,651			72,943
Deferred tax assets	26,237			22,654			23,772			23,386
Other assets	136,632			124,002			158,005			143,759
Total assets	$	3,001,003		$	2,929,922		$	3,926,637		$	3,855,879
Liabilities, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt and capital leases	$	3,137		$	30,998
Current portion of long-term debt and finance leases							$	30,655		$	31,416
Accounts payable	73,479			77,838			78,523			66,250
Accrued compensation	71,136			101,044			82,174			137,212
Deferred revenue	98,473			117,569			137,886			145,139
Accrued liabilities	96,630			89,780			109,049			106,925
Other current liabilities	62,572			44,460			91,472			71,280
Current liabilities of discontinued operations	1,671			1,815
Total current liabilities	407,098			463,504			529,759			558,222
Long-term debt, net and capital leases	1,129,581			1,114,105
Long-term debt, net and finance leases							1,540,833			1,636,598
Right-of-use liability-operating leases							109,054			—
Deferred tax liabilities	96,037			89,540			151,881			143,635
Other long-term liabilities	204,871			194,815			173,562			179,121
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations	3,476			3,942
Total liabilities	1,841,063			1,865,906			2,505,089			2,517,576
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	17,323			16,609			20,519			18,525
Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 20,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding	—			—			—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 120,000 shares authorized; 88,125 shares issued and 47,905 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2018, and 87,495 shares issued and 47,402 shares outstanding as of December 30, 2017	881			875
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 120,000 shares authorized; 48,884 shares issued and 48,747 shares outstanding as of March 30, 2019, and 48,210 shares issued and 48,209 shares outstanding as of December 29, 2018							489			482
Additional paid-in capital	2,590,821			2,560,192			1,481,011			1,447,512
Retained earnings	346,044			288,658			97,229			42,096
Treasury stock, at cost, 40,220 shares and 40,093 shares as of March 31, 2018 and December 30, 2017, respectively	(1,673,463		)	(1,659,914		)
Treasury stock, at cost, 137 and 1 shares, as of March 30, 2019 and December 29, 2018, respectively							(17,815		)	(55		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(124,457		)	(144,731		)	(162,800		)	(172,703		)
Total equity attributable to common shareholders	1,139,826			1,045,080			1,398,114			1,317,332
Noncontrolling interest	2,791			2,327			2,915			2,446
Total equity	1,142,617			1,047,407			1,401,029			1,319,778
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest and equity	$	3,001,003		$	2,929,922

Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest, and equity							$	3,926,637		$	3,855,879
See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018			April 1, 2017			March 30, 2019			March 31, 2018
Cash flows relating to operating activities
Net income	$	53,245		$	46,959		$	55,688		$	53,245
Less: Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	(23		)	(4		)	—			(23		)
Income from continuing operations, net of income taxes	53,268			46,963			55,688			53,268
Adjustments to reconcile net income from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	33,210			32,411			45,358			33,210
Stock-based compensation	10,541			9,486			12,899			10,541
Deferred income taxes	(782		)	26,273			7,781			(782		)
Gain on venture capital investments	(6,451		)	(4,103		)	(10,575		)	(6,451		)
Gain on divestiture	—			(10,577		)
Other, net	3,932			594			(380		)	3,932
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Trade receivables, net	(3,780		)	(21,062		)	(23,127		)	(3,780		)
Inventories	(3,501		)	(2,593		)	(2,520		)	(3,501		)
Accounts payable	(1,076		)	(6,258		)	10,245			(1,076		)
Accrued compensation	(30,991		)	(30,399		)	(55,114		)	(30,991		)
Deferred revenue	(18,292		)	4,094			(14,405		)	(18,292		)
Customer contract deposits	23,566			—			(5,866		)	23,566
Other assets and liabilities, net	407			(10,800		)	(5,125		)	407
Net cash provided by operating activities	60,051			34,029			14,859			60,051
Cash flows relating to investing activities
Acquisitions of businesses and assets, net of cash acquired	(20,216		)	—
Acquisition of businesses and assets, net of cash acquired							(989		)	(20,216		)
Capital expenditures	(27,726		)	(15,920		)	(16,731		)	(27,726		)
Purchases of investments and contributions to venture capital investments	(5,268		)	(6,698		)	(2,419		)	(5,268		)
Proceeds from sale of investments	28,596			3,135			15			28,596
Proceeds from divestiture	—			72,462
Other, net	(50		)	17			(689		)	(50		)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(24,664		)	52,996
Net cash used in investing activities							(20,813		)	(24,664		)
Cash flows relating to financing activities
Proceeds from long-term debt and revolving credit facility	1,080,299			112,724			290,111			1,080,299
Proceeds from exercises of stock options	20,041			19,723			21,832			20,041
Payments on long-term debt, revolving credit facility, and capital lease obligations	(1,096,795		)	(158,140		)
Payments on long-term debt, revolving credit facility, and finance lease obligations							(360,658		)	(1,096,795		)
Payments on debt financing costs	(4,932		)	—			—			(4,932		)
Purchase of treasury stock	(13,549		)	(48,180		)	(17,760		)	(13,549		)
Other, net	—			(451		)	(2,608		)	—
Net cash used in financing activities	(14,936		)	(74,324		)	(69,083		)	(14,936		)
Discontinued operations
Net cash used in operating activities from discontinued operations	(636		)	(473		)	—			(636		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	4,254			1,705			6,025			4,254
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	24,069			13,933			(69,012		)	24,069
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period	166,331			119,894			197,318			166,331
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period	$	190,400		$	133,827		$	128,306		$	190,400


	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018		April 1, 2017		March 30, 2019		March 31, 2018
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	187,774	$	131,524	$	126,316	$	187,774
Restricted cash included in Other current assets	605		538		491		605
Restricted cash included in Other assets	2,021		1,765		1,499		2,021
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period	$	190,400	$	133,827	$	128,306	$	190,400











See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)



	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Treasury Stock				Total Equity Attributable to Common Shareholders			Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Shares	Amount			Total Equity Attributable to Common Shareholders			Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
December 29, 2018	48,210	$	482	$	1,447,512		$	42,096	$	(172,703	)	1	$	(55	)	$	1,317,332		$	2,446	$	1,319,778
Net income	—	—		—			55,133		—			—	—			55,133			469		55,602
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—					9,903			—	—			9,903			—		9,903
Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value	—	—		(1,451		)	—		—			—	—			(1,451		)	—		(1,451		)
Issuance of stock under employee compensation plans	674	7		22,051			—		—			—	—			22,058			—		22,058
Acquisition of treasury shares	—	—		—			—		—			136	(17,760		)	(17,760		)	—		(17,760		)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		12,899			—		—			—	—			12,899			—		12,899
March 30, 2019	48,884	$	489	$	1,481,011		$	97,229	$	(162,800	)	137	$	(17,815	)	$	1,398,114		$	2,915	$	1,401,029



	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Treasury Stock				Total Equity Attributable to Common Shareholders			Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
	Shares	Amount									Shares	Amount
December 30, 2017	87,495	$	875	$	2,560,192	$	288,658	$	(144,731	)	40,093	$	(1,659,914	)	$	1,045,080		$	2,327	$	1,047,407
Net income	—	—		—		52,631		—			—	—			52,631			464		53,095
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		23,604			—	—			23,604			—		23,604
Reclassification due to adoption of ASU 2018-02	—	—		—		3,330		(3,330		)	—	—			—			—		—
Adjustment due to adoption of ASU 2016-01	—	—		—		1,425		—			—	—			1,425			—		1,425
Issuance of stock under employee compensation plans	630	6		20,088		—		—			—	—			20,094			—		20,094
Acquisition of treasury shares	—	—		—		—		—			127	(13,549		)	(13,549		)	—		(13,549		)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		10,541		—		—			—	—			10,541			—		10,541
March 31, 2018	88,125	$	881	$	2,590,821	$	346,044	$	(124,457	)	40,220	$	(1,673,463	)	$	1,139,826		$	2,791	$	1,142,617









See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared by Charles River Laboratories International, Inc. (the Company) in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ~~2017.~~2018. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, in the opinion of management, reflect all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

The Company has reclassified certain amounts in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income for prior periods to conform to the current year presentation. See “Newly Adopted Accounting Pronouncements” below for further discussion and impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires that the Company make estimates and judgments that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, ~~redeemable noncontrolling interest,~~ revenues, expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, judgments, and methodologies. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results in the period in which they become known.

Consolidation

The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect its financial statements and those of its subsidiaries in which the Company holds a controlling financial interest. For consolidated entities in which the Company owns or is exposed to less than 100% of the economics, the Company records net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests in its consolidated statements of income equal to the percentage of the economic or ownership interest retained in such entities by the respective noncontrolling parties. Intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

The Company’s fiscal year is typically based on 52-weeks, with each quarter composed of 13 weeks ending on the last Saturday on, or closest to, March 31, June 30, September 30, and December 31.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 1, “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting ~~Policies,”~~Policies” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ~~2017.~~2018 as well as Note 16, “Leases” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Newly Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In ~~March~~June 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) ~~2018-05, “Income Taxes~~2018-07, “Stock Compensation (Topic ~~740) - Amendments~~718): Improvements to ~~SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118).~~Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” ~~This standard amends Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740) to provide guidance on~~ASU 2018-07 aligns the accounting for ~~the tax effects of U.S. Tax Reform pursuant~~share-based payment awards issued to ~~SAB 118, which allows companies~~employees and nonemployees as well as improves financial reporting for share-based payments to complete the accounting under ASC 740 within a one-year measurement period from the enactment date of U.S. Tax Reform. This standard is effective upon issuance and the Company has complied with the amendments. See Note 11, “Income Taxes” for further discussion.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” The standard allows for reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for the stranded tax effects arising from the change in the reduction of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to 21% from 35%. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company elected to early adopt this standard as permitted on a prospective basis, resulting in a reclassification of $3.3 million from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings as a result of remeasuring the Company’s deferred tax liabilities related to its pension and other post-retirement benefit plan gains and losses. The Company’s policy is to release material stranded tax effects on a specific identification basis.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.” The standard requires an employer to disaggregate the service cost component from the other components of net benefit cost and provides explicit guidance on the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net benefit cost in the statements of income.nonemployees. This standard became effective for the Company in the three months ended March 31, 2018. The Company applied the changes retrospectively to the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic pension cost in the statements of income for all periods presented as required. The adoption of this standard increased operating income by $0.2 million during the three months ended April 1,

~~CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

2017. In connection with the impact of operating income to the Company’s reportable segments, Research Models and Services (RMS) decreased by less than $0.1 million, Discovery and Safety Assessment (DSA) decreased by $0.3 million, Manufacturing Support (Manufacturing) decreased by less than $0.1 million, and Unallocated corporate increased by $0.6 million during the three months ended April 1, 2017.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, “Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” The standard clarifies the definition of a business by adding guidance to assist entities in evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions of assets or businesses. This standard became effective for the Company in the three months ended March 31, 201830, 2019 and did not have a ~~significant~~material impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory.” The standard requires the immediate recognition of tax effects for an intra-entity asset transfer other than inventory. This standard became effective for the Company in the three months ended March 31, 2018 and did not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities.” This standard, including a subsequently issued amendment under ASU 2018-03, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”, requires equity investments that are not accounted for under the equity method of accounting to be measured at fair value with changes recognized in net income, simplifies the impairment assessment of certain equity investments, and updates certain presentation and disclosure requirements. This standard became effective for the Company in the three months ended March 31, 2018, resulting in an increase of $1.9 million to other assets with a corresponding increase to retained earnings and deferred taxes of $1.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The standard, including subsequently issued amendments, replaced most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP and permits the use of either a modified retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company elected the modified retrospective transition method. The standard requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The standard became effective for the Company in the three months ended March 31, 2018. See Note 3, “Revenue From Contracts With Customers” for a discussion of the Company’s adoption of this standard and its impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

~~Newly Issued Accounting Pronouncements~~

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.” ASU 2017-12 refines and expands hedge accounting for both financial and commodity risks. It also creates more transparency around how economic results are presented, both on the face of the financial statements and in the disclosures. In addition, this ASU makes certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of hedge accounting guidance. This standard became effective for the Company in the three months ended March 30, 2019 and did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases.” The standard, including subsequently issued amendments, collectively referred to as Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 842, “Leases”, established the principles that lessees and lessors will apply to report useful information to users of financial statements about the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from a lease. The Company adopted this standard using the modified retrospective transition approach as applied to leases existing as of or entered into after the adoption date (December 30, 2018) in the three months ended March 30, 2019. See Note 16, “Leases” for a discussion of the Company’s adoption of this standard and its impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Newly Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computer Arrangement that is a Service Contract.” ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, ~~2018,~~2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years and ~~requires the modified retrospective approach.~~will be applied either retrospectively or prospectively. Early adoption is permitted. ~~This update applies~~The Company is still evaluating the impact this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans -General (Subtopic 715-20).” ASU 2018-14 removes the requirements to disclose the amounts in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year and the related party disclosures about the amount of future annual benefits covered by insurance contracts. In addition, the ASU adds the requirement to disclose an explanation for any significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period. The ASU is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020 and will be applied on a retrospective basis to all ~~existing hedging relationships~~periods presented. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is still evaluating the impact this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2018, the ~~date of adoption with~~FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the ~~cumulative effect of adoption being reflected~~Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” ASU 2018-13 removes the disclosure requirement for the amount and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements as well as the process for Level 3 fair value measurements. In addition, the ASU adds the disclosure requirements for changes in unrealized gains and losses included in Other comprehensive income (loss) for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period as well as the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning ~~of the~~after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal ~~year of adoption.~~years and will be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is still evaluating the impact this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” The standard simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment by removing Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. This standard is effective for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and will be applied on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In ~~February~~June 2016, the FASB issued ASU ~~2016-02, “Leases.~~2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses.” The standard ~~established~~requires a financial asset measured at amortized cost basis, such as accounts receivable, to be presented at the ~~principles~~net amount expected to be collected based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that ~~lessees and lessors will apply to report useful information to users~~affect the collectability of ~~financial statements about~~ the ~~amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from a lease.~~reported amount. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, ~~2018,~~2019, and interim periods within those fiscal ~~years.~~years, and requires the modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is still evaluating the ~~full~~ impact this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related ~~disclosures, but expects to recognize substantially all of its leases on the balance sheet by recording a right-to-use asset and a corresponding lease liability.~~disclosures.

2. BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS ~~AND DIVESTITURE~~

~~MPI Research~~Citoxlab

On April ~~3, 2018,~~29, 2019, the Company acquired ~~MPI Research,~~Citoxlab, a non-clinical contract research organization (CRO) ~~providing comprehensive testing~~, specializing in regulated safety assessment services, ~~to biopharmaceutical~~non-regulated discovery services, and medical device ~~companies worldwide. The~~testing. With operations in Europe and North America, the acquisition ~~enhances~~of Citoxlab will further strengthen the Company’s position as a leading, global, early-stage CRO by ~~strengthening~~expanding its scientific portfolio and geographic footprint, which enhances the Company’s ability to partner with clients across the drug

~~CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

discovery and development continuum. The preliminary purchase price for ~~MPI Research~~Citoxlab was ~~approximately $800~~€448 million in cash (or approximately $500 million), subject to certain post-closing adjustments that may change the purchase price. The acquisition was funded ~~by borrowings~~through a combination of cash on hand and proceeds from the Company’s $2.3B Credit Facility ~~as well as~~under the ~~offering of the Company’s Senior Notes.~~multi-currency revolving facility. See Note 9, “Long-Term Debt and ~~Capital Lease Obligations.~~Finance Leases.” This business will be reported as part of the Company’s DSA reportable segment. Due to the limited time between the acquisition date and the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, it is not practicable for the Company to disclose either the preliminary allocation of purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed or the pro forma consolidated results of operations as if the ~~MPI Research~~Citoxlab acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the period immediately preceding the period of acquisition after giving effect to certain adjustments. The Company incurred transaction and integration costs in connection with the acquisition of $5.2 million during the three months ended March 30, 2019, which were included in selling, general and administrative expenses within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income.

MPI Research

On April 3, 2018, the Company acquired MPI Research, a non-clinical CRO providing comprehensive testing services to biopharmaceutical and medical device companies worldwide. The acquisition enhances the Company’s position as a leading

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

global early-stage CRO by strengthening its ability to partner with clients across the drug discovery and development continuum. The purchase price for MPI Research was $829.7 million in cash. The acquisition was funded by borrowings on the $2.3B Credit Facility as well as the issuance of the Company’s Senior Notes. See Note 9, “Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Obligations.” This business is reported as part of the Company’s DSA reportable segment.

The purchase allocation of $800.8 million, net of $27.7 million of cash acquired and a final net working capital adjustment of $1.2 million, was as follows:



	April 3, 2018
	(in thousands)
Trade receivables (contractual amount of $35,073)	$	35,073
Inventories	4,463
Other current assets (excluding cash)	5,893
Property, plant and equipment	128,403
Goodwill	441,656
Definite-lived intangible assets	309,200
Other long-term assets	1,081
Deferred revenue	(23,926		)
Current liabilities	(32,885		)
Deferred tax liabilities	(65,945		)
Other long-term liabilities	(2,213		)
Total purchase price allocation	$	800,800

From the date of the acquisition through March 30, 2019, the Company recorded measurement-period adjustments related to the acquisition that resulted in an immaterial change to the purchase price allocation on a consolidated basis. No further adjustments will be made to the purchase price allocation.

The breakout of definite-lived intangible assets acquired was as follows:



	Definite-Lived Intangible Assets		Weighted Average Amortization Life
	(in thousands)		(in years)
Client relationships	$	264,900	13
Developed technology	23,400		3
Backlog	20,900		1
Total definite-lived intangible assets	$	309,200	12

The goodwill resulting from the transaction, $4.1 million of which is deductible for tax purposes due to a prior asset acquisition, is primarily attributable to the potential growth of the Company’s DSA business from customers introduced through MPI Research and the assembled workforce of the acquired business.

The Company incurred transaction and integration costs in connection with the acquisition of $0.1 million and $2.7 million for the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively, which were primarily included in ~~selling,~~Selling, general and administrative ~~expenses.~~expenses within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income.

The following selected unaudited pro forma consolidated results of operations are presented as if the MPI Research acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the period immediately preceding the period of acquisition, which is January 1, 2017, after giving effect to certain adjustments. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, these adjustments included additional amortization of intangible assets and depreciation of fixed assets of $6.9 million, additional interest expense on borrowings of $2.6 million, elimination of intercompany activity and other one-time costs, and the tax impacts of these adjustments.

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
Revenue	$	556,091
Net income attributable to common shareholders	49,414

These unaudited pro forma results of operations have been prepared for comparative purposes only, and they do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations that actually would have resulted had the acquisition occurred on the dates indicated or that may result in the future. No effect has been given for synergies, if any, that may be realized through the acquisition.

KWS BioTest Limited

On January 11, 2018, the Company acquired KWS BioTest Limited (KWS BioTest), a CRO specializing in in vitro and in vivo discovery testing services for immuno-oncology, inflammatory and infectious diseases. The acquisition enhances the Company’s discovery expertise, with complementary offerings that provide the Company’s customers with additional tools in the active therapeutic research areas of oncology and immunology. The purchase price for KWS BioTest was $20.3 million in cash ~~subject to certain post-closing adjustments that may change the purchase price,~~ and was funded by the Company’s various borrowings. In addition to the initial purchase price, the transaction includes aggregate, undiscounted contingent payments of up to £3.0 million ~~(approximately $4.2 million based on recent exchange rates),~~ based on future performance. During the three months ended September 29, 2018, the terms of these contingent payments were amended, resulting in a fixed payment of £2.0 million, or $2.6 million, which was paid during the three months ended March 30, 2019. The KWS BioTest business is reported as part of the Company’s DSA reportable segment.

The contingent payments become payable based on the achievement of certain revenue and earnings targets. If achieved, the payments become due in the first quarter of fiscal year 2019. The Company estimated the fair value of this contingent consideration based on a probability-weighted set of outcomes.

~~The preliminary~~ purchase price allocation of ~~$22.0~~$21.5 million, net of $1.0 million of cash acquired and a final net working capital adjustment of $0.4 million, was as follows:


	January 11, 2018			January 11, 2018
	(in thousands)			(in thousands)
Trade receivables (contractual amount of $1,309)	$	1,309		$	1,309
Other current assets (excluding cash)	99			99
Property, plant and equipment	1,136			1,136
Definite-lived intangible assets - client relationships	3,647			3,647
Goodwill	18,165			17,660
Current liabilities	(1,575		)	(1,575		)
Deferred revenue	(151		)	(151		)
Long-term liabilities	(596		)	(596		)
Total purchase price allocation	$	22,034		$	21,529

~~The purchase price allocation is subject to change as additional information becomes available concerning~~From the ~~fair value and tax basis~~date of the ~~assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including certain contracts and obligations. Any additional~~acquisition through December 29, 2018, the Company recorded measurement-period adjustments related to the acquisition that resulted in an immaterial change to the purchase price allocation on a consolidated basis. No further adjustments will be made ~~as soon as practicable but no later than one year from~~to the ~~date of acquisition.~~purchase price allocation.

The only definite-lived intangible asset relates to client relationships, which will be amortized over a weighted average life of 12 years.

The goodwill resulting from the transaction is primarily attributable to the potential growth of the Company’s DSA ~~businesses~~business from customers introduced through KWS BioTest and the assembled workforce of the acquired business. The goodwill attributable to KWS BioTest is not deductible for tax purposes.

The Company incurred transaction and integration costs of $0.1 million and $0.4 million in connection with the acquisition for the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively, which were included in ~~selling,~~Selling, general and administrative expenses within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income.

Pro forma financial information as well as actual revenue and operating income have not been included because KWS BioTest’s financial results are not significant when compared to the Company’s consolidated financial results.

~~Brains On-Line~~

On August 4, 2017, the Company acquired Brains On-Line, a CRO providing critical data that advances novel therapeutics for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Brains On-Line strategically expands the Company’s existing CNS capabilities and establishes the Company as a single-source provider for a broad portfolio of discovery CNS services. The3. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

Revenue Recognition

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

purchase price for Brains On-Line was $21.3 million in cash, subject to certain post-closing adjustments that may change the purchase price, and was funded by the Company’s various borrowings. In addition to the initial purchase price, the transaction includes aggregate, undiscounted contingent payments of up to €6.7 million (approximately $8.3 million based on recent exchange rates), based on future performance. The Brains On-Line business is reported as part of the Company’s DSA reportable segment.

~~The purchase price allocation of $20.1 million, net of $0.6 million of cash acquired, was as follows:~~

August 4, 2017
(in thousands)
Trade receivables (contractual amount of $1,146) $ 1,146
Other current assets (excluding cash) 640
Property, plant and equipment 664
Other long-term assets 29
Definite-lived intangible assets 9,300
Goodwill 11,762
Current liabilities (863 )
Deferred revenue (405 )
Long-term liabilities (2,151 )
Total purchase price allocation $ 20,122

The purchase price allocation is subject to change as additional information becomes available concerning the fair value and tax basis of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Any additional adjustments to the purchase price allocation will be made as soon as practicable but no later than one year from the date of acquisition. From the date of acquisition through March 31, 2018, the Company recorded measurement-period adjustments related to the acquisition that resulted in an immaterial change to the purchase price allocation on a consolidated basis.

~~The breakout of definite-lived intangible assets acquired was as follows:~~

Definite-Lived Intangible Assets Weighted Average Amortization Life
(in thousands) (in years)
Client relationships $ 7,000
13
Other intangible assets 2,300
10
Total definite-lived intangible assets $ 9,300
12

The goodwill resulting from the transaction is primarily attributable to the potential growth of the Company’s DSA businesses from customers and technology introduced through Brains On-Line and the assembled workforce of the acquired business. The goodwill attributable to Brains On-Line is not deductible for tax purposes.

The Company incurred integration costs of $0.1 million in connection with the acquisition for the three months ended March 31, 2018, which were included in selling, general and administrative expenses within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income.

~~Pro forma~~ financial information as well as actual revenue and operating income have not been included because Brains On-Line’s financial results are not significant when compared to the Company’s consolidated financial results.

~~Contract Manufacturing~~

On February 10, 2017, the Company sold its CDMO business to Quotient Clinical Ltd., based in London, England, for $75.0 million in proceeds, net of $0.6 million in cash and cash equivalents transferred in conjunction with the sale and $0.3 million of working capital adjustments.

The CDMO business was acquired in April 2016 as part of the acquisition of WIL Research and was reported in the Company’s Manufacturing reportable segment. The Company determined that the CDMO business was not optimized within the Company’s portfolio at its current scale, and that the capital could be better deployed in other long-term growth opportunities.

~~CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

During the three months ended April 1, 2017, the Company recorded a gain on the divestiture of the CDMO business of $10.6 million, which was included in other income, net within the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. As of February 10, 2017, the carrying amounts of the major classes of assets and liabilities associated with the divestiture of the CDMO business were as follows (in thousands):

Assets
Current assets $ 5,505
Property, plant and equipment, net 11,174
Goodwill 35,857
Long-term assets 17,154
Total assets $ 69,690
Liabilities
Deferred revenue $ 4,878
Other current liabilities 1,158
Total liabilities $ 6,036

~~CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

~~3. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS~~

~~Adoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (ASC 606)~~

ASC 606 became effective for the Company on December 31, 2017 and was adopted using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. For contracts that were modified before the effective date, the Company reflected the aggregate effect of all modifications when identifying performance obligations and allocating transaction price in accordance with the practical expedient, which did not have a material effect on the cumulative impact of adopting ASC 606. The reported results for 2018 reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance while the historical results for 2017 were prepared under the guidance of ASC 605, “Revenue Recognition” (ASC 605).

The cumulative effect of applying ASC 606 to all contracts with customers that were not completed as of December 30, 2017 was immaterial. There is no material difference in the reporting of revenue for the 2018 period in accordance with ASC 606 when compared to ASC 605.

~~Revenue Recognition~~

Revenue is recognized when, or as, obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which occurs when control of the promised products or services is transferred to customers. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products or services to a customer (“transaction price”).

To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing the ~~most likely~~ amount to which the Company expects to be entitled. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of the Company’s anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available. Sales, value add, and other taxes collected on behalf of third parties are excluded from revenue.

When determining the transaction price of a contract, an adjustment is made if payment from a customer occurs either significantly before or significantly after performance, resulting in a significant financing component. Generally, the Company does not extend payment terms beyond one year. Applying the practical expedient, the Company does not assess whether a significant financing component exists if the period between when the Company performs its obligations under the contract and when the customer pays is one year or less. None of the Company’s contracts contained a significant financing component for the ~~2018 period presented.~~three months ended March 30, 2019.

Contracts with customers may contain multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised products or services underlying each performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling prices based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, the Company estimates the standalone selling price taking into account available information such as market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations.

Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. Contract modifications exist when the modification either creates new, or changes existing, enforceable rights and obligations. Generally, when contract modifications create new performance obligations, the modification is considered to be a separate contract and revenue is recognized prospectively. When contract modifications change existing performance obligations, the existing transaction price and measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates is recognized as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue) on a cumulative catch-up basis.

Product revenue is generally recognized when the customer obtains control of the Company’s product, which occurs at a point in time, and may be upon shipment or upon delivery based on the contractual shipping terms of a contract. Service revenue is generally recognized over time as the services are delivered to the customer based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services to be provided. Depending on which better depicts the transfer of value to the customer, the Company generally measures its progress using either cost-to-cost (input method) or right-to-invoice (output method). The Company uses the cost-to-cost measure of progress when it best depicts the transfer of value to the customer which occurs as the Company incurs costs on its contract, generally related to fixed fee service contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. The costs calculation includes variables such as labor hours, allocation of overhead costs, research model costs, and subcontractor costs. Revenue is recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. The ~~right to invoice~~right-to-invoice measure of progress is generally related to rate per unit contracts, as the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on discrete service or time-based increments, such as samples tested or labor ~~hour~~hours incurred. Revenue is recorded in the amount invoiced since that amount corresponds directly to the value of the Company’s performance to date.

~~CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables disaggregate the Company’s revenue by major business line and timing of transfer of products or ~~services for the three months ended March 31, 2018 (in thousands):~~services:

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)


			Three Months Ended
			March 30, 2019		March 31, 2018
			(in thousands)
Major Products/Service Lines:
RMS	$	133,958	$	137,172	$	133,958
DSA	259,992		354,197		259,992
Manufacturing	100,020		113,200		100,020
Total revenue	$	493,970	$	604,569	$	493,970


Timing of Revenue Recognition:
RMS
Services and products transferred over time	$	48,726	$	54,813	$	48,726
Services and products transferred at a point in time	85,232		82,359		85,232
DSA
Services and products transferred over time	259,744		354,078		259,744
Services and products transferred at a point in time	248		119		248
Manufacturing
Services and products transferred over time	28,571		31,896		28,571
Services and products transferred at a point in time	71,449		81,304		71,449
Total revenue	$	493,970	$	604,569	$	493,970

RMS

The RMS business generates revenue through the commercial production and sale of research models and the provision of services related to the maintenance and monitoring of research models and management of clients’ research operations. Revenue from the sale of research models is recognized at a point in time when the customer obtains control of the product, which may be upon shipment or upon delivery based on the ~~contractual~~ shipping terms of a contract. Revenue generated from research models services is recognized over time and is typically based on a right-to-invoice measure of progress (output method) as invoiced amounts correspond directly to the value of the Company’s performance to date.

DSA

The Discovery and Safety Assessment business provides a full suite of integrated drug discovery services directed at the identification, screening and selection of a lead compound for drug development and offers a full range of safety assessment services including bioanalysis, drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, toxicology and pathology. Discovery and Safety Assessment services revenue is generally recognized over time using the cost-to-cost or right to invoice measures of progress, primarily representing fixed fee service contracts and per unit service contracts, respectively.

Manufacturing

The Manufacturing business includes Microbial Solutions, which provides in vitro (non-animal) lot-release testing products, microbial detection products, and species identification services; Biologics Testing Services (Biologics), which performs specialized testing of biologics; and Avian Vaccine Services (Avian), which supplies specific-pathogen-free chicken eggs and chickens. Species identification service revenue is generally recognized at a point in time as identifications are completed by the Company. Biologics service revenue is generally recognized over time using the cost-to-cost measure of progress. Microbial Solutions and Avian product sales are generally recognized at a point in time when the customer obtains control of the product, which may be upon shipment or upon delivery based on the contractual shipping terms of a contract.

Transaction Price Allocated to Future Performance Obligations

~~ASC 606 requires that the~~The Company ~~disclose~~discloses the aggregate amount of transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied as of March ~~31, 2018. The guidance provides certain practical expedients that limit this requirement and, therefore,~~30, 2019. Excluded from the ~~Company does not disclose~~disclosure is the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for ~~(1)~~(i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which revenue is recognized at the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice for services performed.

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially satisfied) as of March ~~31, 2018:~~30, 2019:

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)


	Revenues Expected to be Recognized in Future Periods						Revenue Expected to be Recognized in Future Periods
	Less than 1 Year		1 to 3 Years		Total		Less than 1 Year		1 to 3 Years		4 to 5 Years		Beyond 5 Years		Total
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
DSA	$	72,872	$	55,029	$	127,901	$	161,751	$	103,493	$	8,246	$	548	$	274,038
Manufacturing	132		255		387		7,158		20,363		1,706		81		29,308
Total	$	73,004	$	55,284	$	128,288	$	168,909	$	123,856	$	9,952	$	629	$	303,346

Contract Balances from Contracts with Customers

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed receivables (client receivables), contract assets (unbilled revenue), contract liabilities (current and non-current deferred revenue), and customer deposits on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s payment terms are generally 30 days in the United States and consistent with prevailing practice in international markets. ~~When~~A contract asset is recorded when a right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to a customer is conditioned other than the passage of time. Client receivables are recorded separately from contract assets since only the passage of time is required before consideration is due. A contract liability is recorded when consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of a ~~contract, a contract liability is recorded.~~contract. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue after control of the products or services is transferred to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria have been met. The following table provides information about client receivables, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:


	March 31, 2018		December 30, 2017 ⁽¹⁾		March 30, 2019		December 29, 2018
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Balances from contracts with customers only:
Balances from contracts with customers:
Client receivables	$	343,546	$	335,839	$	377,188	$	370,131
Contract assets (unbilled revenue)	98,801		96,297		120,607		105,216
Contract liabilities (current and long-term deferred revenue)	108,786		125,882		166,705		179,559
Contract liabilities (customer contract deposits)	23,566		—		32,380		38,245

⁽¹⁾ The beginning balance as of December 30, 2017 is presented under the guidance of ASC 605.

~~Under ASC 606, when~~When the Company does not have the unconditional right to advanced billings, both advanced client payments and unpaid advanced client billings are excluded from deferred revenue, with the advanced billings also being excluded from client receivables. As of March ~~31, 2018,~~30, 2019, the Company excluded approximately ~~$14~~$12 million of unpaid advanced client billings from both client receivables and deferred revenue and approximately ~~$24~~$32 million of advanced client payments have been presented as customer contract deposits within other current liabilities in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated ~~financial statements.~~balance sheets.

Other changes in the contract asset and the contract liability balances during the three months ended March ~~31, 2018:~~30, 2019 were as follows:

(i) ~~Changes due to business combinations:~~

~~See Note 2. “Business Acquisitions and Divestiture” for client receivables and deferred revenue that were acquired as part of the KWS BioTest acquisition occurring on January 11, 2018.~~

~~(ii)~~ Cumulative catch-up adjustments to revenue that affect the corresponding contract asset or contract liability, including adjustments arising from a change in the measure of progress, a change in an estimate of the transaction price (including any changes in the assessment of whether an estimate of variable consideration is constrained), or a contract modification:

During the three ~~month period~~months ended March ~~31, 2018~~30, 2019, an immaterial cumulative catch-up adjustment to revenue was recorded.

~~(iii)~~(ii) A change in the time frame for a right to consideration to become unconditional (that is, for a contract asset to be recorded as a client receivable):

Approximately ~~$63 million~~70% of unbilled revenue as of December ~~30, 2017~~29, 2018 was billed during the three ~~month period~~months ended March ~~31, 2018.~~30, 2019.

~~(iv)~~(iii) A change in the time frame for a performance obligation to be satisfied (that is, for the recognition of revenue arising from a contract liability):

Approximately ~~$98 million~~60% of contract liabilities as of December ~~30, 2017~~29, 2018 were recognized as revenue during the three ~~month period~~months ended March ~~31, 2018.~~30, 2019.

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

4. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company retrospectively adopted ASU 2017-07 during the three months ended March 31, 2018, which impacted segment information. Service cost is reflected in operating income within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income while all other components of net periodic cost are recorded in Other income, net within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. See Note 1, “Basis of Presentation.” The Company’s three reportable segments are Research Models and Services (RMS), Discovery and Safety Assessment (DSA), and Manufacturing Support (Manufacturing).

The following table presents revenue and other financial information by reportable segment:


	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018		April 1, 2017		March 30, 2019		March 31, 2018
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
RMS
Revenue	$	133,958	$	127,161	$	137,172	$	133,958
Operating income	38,527		37,690		37,832		38,527
Depreciation and amortization	4,853		5,092		4,322		4,853
Capital expenditures	4,625		2,603		4,112		4,625
DSA
Revenue	$	259,992	$	227,758	$	354,197	$	259,992
Operating income	40,859		38,335		46,705		40,859
Depreciation and amortization	20,787		19,369		33,784		20,787
Capital expenditures	12,802		8,323		8,848		12,802
Manufacturing
Revenue	$	100,020	$	90,844	$	113,200	$	100,020
Operating income	28,523		26,600		31,499		28,523
Depreciation and amortization	5,736		5,962		5,805		5,736
Capital expenditures	6,834		2,292		3,606		6,834

~~For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and April 1, 2017,~~The following table presents reconciliations of segment operating income, depreciation and amortization, and capital expenditures to the respective consolidated ~~amounts are as follows:~~amounts:


	Operating Income						Depreciation and Amortization				Capital Expenditures				Operating Income						Depreciation and Amortization				Capital Expenditures
	March 31, 2018			April 1, 2017			March 31, 2018		April 1, 2017		March 31, 2018		April 1, 2017		March 30, 2019			March 31, 2018			March 30, 2019		March 31, 2018		March 30, 2019		March 31, 2018
	(in thousands)														(in thousands)
Three Months Ended:
Total reportable segments	$	107,909		$	102,625		$	31,376	$	30,423	$	24,261	$	13,218	$	116,036		$	107,909		$	43,911	$	31,376	$	16,566	$	24,261
Unallocated corporate	(40,080		)	(32,919		)	1,834		1,988		3,465		2,702		(46,244		)	(40,080		)	1,447		1,834		165		3,465
Total consolidated	$	67,829		$	69,706		$	33,210	$	32,411	$	27,726	$	15,920	$	69,792		$	67,829		$	45,358	$	33,210	$	16,731	$	27,726

Revenue for each significant product or service offering is as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018		April 1, 2017		March 30, 2019		March 31, 2018
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
RMS	$	133,958	$	127,161	$	137,172	$	133,958
DSA	259,992		227,758		354,197		259,992
Manufacturing	100,020		90,844		113,200		100,020
Total revenue	$	493,970	$	445,763	$	604,569	$	493,970

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

A summary of unallocated corporate expense consists of the following:


	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018		April 1, 2017		March 30, 2019		March 31, 2018
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Stock-based compensation	$	6,991	$	5,583	$	8,274	$	6,991
Compensation, benefits, and other employee-related expenses	20,596		14,381		22,038		20,596
External consulting and other service expenses	2,934		5,767		3,810		2,934
Information technology	2,465		2,393		2,723		2,465
Depreciation	1,834		1,987		1,447		1,834
Acquisition and integration	2,864		21		5,472		2,864
Other general unallocated corporate	2,396		2,787		2,480		2,396
Total unallocated corporate expense	$	40,080	$	32,919	$	46,244	$	40,080

Other general unallocated corporate expense consists of costs associated with departments such as senior executives, corporate accounting, legal, tax, human resources, treasury, and investor relations.

Revenue by geographic area is as follows:


	U.S.		Europe		Canada		Asia Pacific		Other		Consolidated		U.S.		Europe		Canada		Asia Pacific		Other		Consolidated
	(in thousands)												(in thousands)
Three Months Ended:
March 30, 2019													$	350,176	$	166,365	$	53,979	$	33,179	$	870	$	604,569
March 31, 2018	$	248,980	$	160,826	$	48,578	$	34,520	$	1,066	$	493,970	248,980		160,826		48,578		34,520		1,066		493,970
April 1, 2017	231,311		136,881		47,187		30,095		289		445,763

Included in the Asia Pacific category above are operations located in China, Japan, Korea, Australia, Singapore, and India. Included in the Other category above are operations located in Brazil and Israel. Revenue represents sales originating in entities physically located in the identified geographic area.

~~CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

5. SUPPLEMENTAL BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION

The composition of trade receivables, net is as follows:


	March 31, 2018			December 30, 2017			March 30, 2019			December 29, 2018
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Client receivables	$	343,546		$	335,839		$	377,188		$	370,131
Unbilled revenue	98,801			96,297			120,607			105,216
Total	442,347			432,136			497,795			475,347
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts	(2,238		)	(2,120		)	(2,294		)	(3,099		)
Trade receivables, net	$	440,109		$	430,016		$	495,501		$	472,248

The composition of inventories is as follows:


	March 31, 2018		December 30, 2017		March 30, 2019		December 29, 2018
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Raw materials and supplies	$	20,353	$	19,858	$	22,118	$	22,378
Work in process	19,080		18,200		20,710		21,732
Finished products	79,613		76,898		86,937		83,782
Inventories	$	119,046	$	114,956	$	129,765	$	127,892

~~The composition of other current assets is as follows:~~

March 31, 2018 December 30, 2017
(in thousands)
Investments $ 2,542
$ 28,489
Prepaid income taxes 49,932
52,234
Restricted cash 605
592
Other current assets $ 53,079
$ 81,315

~~The composition of other assets is as follows:~~

March 31, 2018 December 30, 2017
(in thousands)
Life insurance policies $ 33,943
$ 34,008
Venture capital investments 76,076
71,101
Restricted cash 2,021
1,945
Other 24,592
16,948
Other assets $ 136,632
$ 124,002

~~The composition of other current liabilities is as follows:~~

March 31, 2018 December 30, 2017
(in thousands)
Accrued income taxes $ 34,532
$ 43,250
Customer contract deposits 23,566
—
Other 4,474
1,210
Other current liabilities $ 62,572
$ 44,460

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The composition of other current assets is as follows:



	March 30, 2019		December 29, 2018
	(in thousands)
Prepaid income tax	$	54,153	$	47,157
Investments	907		885
Restricted cash	491		465
Other	500		300
Other current assets	$	56,051	$	48,807

The composition of other assets is as follows:



	March 30, 2019		December 29, 2018
	(in thousands)
Venture capital investments	$	100,666	$	88,591
Life insurance policies	34,939		32,340
Restricted cash	1,499		1,411
Other	20,901		21,417
Other assets	$	158,005	$	143,759

The composition of other current liabilities is as follows:



	March 30, 2019		December 29, 2018
	(in thousands)
Current portion of right-of-use liabilities-operating leases	$	18,912	$	—
Accrued income taxes	25,725		24,120
Customer contract deposits	32,380		38,245
Other	14,455		8,915
Other current liabilities	$	91,472	$	71,280

The composition of other long-term liabilities is as follows:


	March 31, 2018		December 30, 2017		March 30, 2019		December 29, 2018
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
U.S. Transition Tax	$	66,851	$	61,038	$	52,066	$	52,064
Long-term pension liability	51,607		52,364		24,589		24,671
Accrued executive supplemental life insurance retirement plan and deferred compensation plan	37,935		37,582
Accrued executive supplemental life insurance retirement plan					36,522		36,086
Long-term deferred revenue					28,819		34,420
Other	48,478		43,831		31,566		31,880
Other long-term liabilities	$	204,871	$	194,815	$	173,562	$	179,121

6. VENTURE CAPITAL INVESTMENTS

The Company invests in several venture capital funds that invest in start-up companies, primarily in the life sciences industry. The Company’s ownership interest in these funds ranges from ~~0.6%~~less than 1% to 12.0%. The Company accounts for the investments in limited partnerships (LPs), which are variable interest entities, under the equity method of accounting. For publicly-held investments in the LPs, the Company adjusts for changes in fair market value based on reported share holdings at the end of each fiscal quarter. The Company is not the primary beneficiary because it has no power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the LPs’ economic performance. The Company accounts for the investments in limited liability companies, which are not variable interest entities, under the equity method of accounting.

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The Company’s total commitment to the venture capital funds as of March ~~31, 2018~~30, 2019 was ~~$108.4~~$124.4 million, of which the Company funded ~~$54.9~~$71.4 million through that date. ~~During~~The Company received dividends totaling $0.8 million and $7.1 million for the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018, ~~and April 1, 2017, the Company received dividends totaling $7.1 million and $4.4 million,~~ respectively. The Company recognized gains of ~~$6.5~~$10.6 million and ~~$4.1~~$6.5 million related to the venture capital investments for the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively. Gains and ~~April 1, 2017, respectively.~~losses are recorded in Other income, net in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income.

7. FAIR VALUE

The Company has certain assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, which have been classified as Level 1, 2, or 3 within the fair value hierarchy:

Level 1 - Fair values are determined utilizing prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access,

Level 2 - Fair values are determined by utilizing quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in active markets or other market observable inputs such as interest rates, yield curves, and foreign currency spot rates,

Level 3 - Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

The fair value hierarchy level is determined by asset and ~~liability~~ class based on the lowest level of significant input. The observability of inputs may change for certain assets or liabilities. This condition could cause an asset or liability to be reclassified between levels. The Company recognizes transfers between levels within the fair value hierarchy, if any, at the end of each quarter. During the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018, ~~and April 1, 2017,~~ there were no transfers between levels.

Valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured or disclosed at fair value are as follows:

Cash equivalents - Valued at market prices determined through third-party pricing services;

Mutual funds - Valued at the unadjusted quoted net asset value of shares held by the Company;

Foreign currency forward contracts - Valued using market observable inputs, such as forward foreign exchange points and foreign exchanges rates;

Life insurance policies - Valued at cash surrender value based on the fair value of underlying investments;

Debt instruments - The book value of the Company’s term and revolving loans, which are variable rate loans carried at amortized cost, approximates the fair value based on current market pricing of similar ~~debt;~~debt. The book value of the Company’s 5.5% Senior Notes (Senior Notes) due in 2026, which are fixed rate debt, are carried at amortized cost. Fair value of the Senior Notes is based on quoted market prices and on borrowing rates available to the Company; and

Contingent consideration - Valued based on a probability weighting of the future cash flows associated with the potential outcomes.

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:


	March 31, 2018								March 30, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Cash equivalents	$	—	$	21	$	—	$	21	$	—	$	2,521	$	—	$	2,521
Other assets:
Life insurance policies	—		26,240		—		26,240		—		27,335		—		27,335
Total assets measured at fair value	$	—	$	26,261	$	—	$	26,261	$	—	$	29,856	$	—	$	29,856

Other current liabilities:
Other current liabilities measured at fair value:
Contingent consideration	$	—	$	—	$	3,053	$	3,053	$	—	$	—	$	2,497	$	2,497
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	3,053	$	3,053


	December 30, 2017								December 29, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Cash equivalents	$	—	$	21	$	—	$	21	$	—	$	45,982	$	—	$	45,982
Other assets:
Life insurance policies	—		26,358		—		26,358		—		24,541		—		24,541
Total assets measured at fair value	$	—	$	26,379	$	—	$	26,379	$	—	$	70,523	$	—	$	70,523

Other current liabilities:
Contingent consideration	$	—	$	—	$	298	$	298	$	—	$	—	$	3,033	$	3,033
Foreign currency forward contract									—		1,319		—		1,319
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	298	$	298	$	—	$	1,319	$	3,033	$	4,352

Contingent Consideration

The following table provides a rollforward of the contingent consideration related to previous business acquisitions. See Note 2, “Business ~~Acquisitions and Divestiture.~~Acquisitions.”


	Three Months Ended					Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018		April 1, 2017			March 30, 2019			March 31, 2018
	(in thousands)					(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	298	$	3,621		$	3,033		$	298
Additions	2,746		—			2,000			2,746
Payments	—		(406		)	(2,610		)	—
Change in fair value	9		—
Reversal of previously recorded contingent liability	—		(14		)
Foreign currency translation						74			9
Ending balance	$	3,053	$	3,201		$	2,497		$	3,053

The unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s contingent consideration are the probabilities of successful achievement of certain financial targets and a discount rate. Increases or decreases in any of the probabilities of success would result in a higher or lower fair value measurement, respectively. Increases or decreases in the discount rate would result in a lower or higher fair value measurement, respectively.

Debt Instruments

The book value of the Company’s term and revolving loans, which are variable rate loans carried at amortized cost, approximates the fair value based on current market pricing of similar debt. As the fair value is based on significant other observable inputs, including current interest and foreign currency exchange rates, it is deemed to be Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

As of both March 30, 2019 and December 29, 2018, the book value of the Company’s Senior Notes, which is a fixed rate obligation carried at amortized cost, was $500.0 million. The fair value of the Company’s Senior Notes as of March 30, 2019 and December 29, 2018 was $520.0 million and $495.0 million, respectively. Fair value is based on quoted market prices as

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

well as borrowing rates available to the Company. As the fair value is based on significant other observable outputs, it is deemed to be Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

8. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

The following table provides a rollforward of the Company’s goodwill:

Adjustments to Goodwill
December 30, 2017 Acquisitions Foreign Exchange March 31, 2018
(in thousands)
RMS $ 58,122
$ —
$ 706
$ 58,828
DSA 605,176
18,165
8,854
632,195
Manufacturing 141,608
—
3,305
144,913
Total $ 804,906
$ 18,165
$ 12,865
$ 835,936

~~The increase in goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2018 related primarily to the acquisition of KWS BioTest in the DSA reportable segment, and the impact of foreign exchange.~~



			Adjustments to Goodwill
	December 29, 2018			Foreign Exchange			March 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
RMS	$	56,968		$	278		$	57,246
DSA	1,051,470			(2,341		)	1,049,129
Manufacturing	138,695			778			139,473
Goodwill	$	1,247,133		$	(1,285	)	$	1,245,848

Intangible Assets, Net

The following table displays intangible assets, net by major class:


	March 31, 2018							December 30, 2017							March 30, 2019							December 29, 2018
	Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net
	(in thousands)														(in thousands)
Backlog	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	8,111	$	(8,111	)	$	—	$	20,900	$	(19,238	)	$	1,662	$	20,900	$	(18,691	)	$	2,209
Technology	83,428		(30,893		)	52,535		81,309		(27,157		)	54,152		102,038		(44,682		)	57,356		101,506		(41,870		)	59,636
Trademarks and trade names	8,873		(4,609		)	4,264		8,661		(4,562		)	4,099		8,411		(4,692		)	3,719		8,331		(4,640		)	3,691
Other	17,533		(8,456		)	9,077		17,465		(7,845		)	9,620		17,471		(10,557		)	6,914		17,448		(10,041		)	7,407
Other intangible assets	109,834		(43,958		)	65,876		115,546		(47,675		)	67,871		148,820		(79,169		)	69,651		148,185		(75,242		)	72,943
Client relationships	551,326		(246,906		)	304,420		540,425		(238,534		)	301,891		797,014		(271,906		)	525,108		791,725		(253,780		)	537,945
Intangible assets	$	661,160	$	(290,864	)	$	370,296	$	655,971	$	(286,209	)	$	369,762	$	945,834	$	(351,075	)	$	594,759	$	939,910	$	(329,022	)	$	610,888

The decrease in intangible assets, net during the three months ended March 30, 2019 related to the normal amortization over the useful lives.

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

9. LONG-TERM DEBT AND ~~CAPITAL~~FINANCE LEASE OBLIGATIONS

Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt, net consists of the following:

March 31, 2018 December 30, 2017
(in thousands)
Term loans $ —
$ 601,250
Revolving facility 1,091,304
500,997
Other long-term debt 18,420
18,292
Total debt 1,109,724
1,120,539
Less: Current portion of long-term debt (111 ) (28,546 )
Long-term debt 1,109,613
1,091,993
Debt discount and debt issuance costs (8,346 ) (5,770 )
Long-term debt, net $ 1,101,267
$ 1,086,223



	March 30, 2019			December 29, 2018
	(in thousands)
Term loans	$	721,875		$	731,250
Revolving facility	335,976			397,452
Senior Notes	500,000			500,000
Other debt	101			26,286
Finance leases	28,939			29,240
Total debt and finance leases	1,586,891			1,684,228
Less:
Current portion of long-term debt	28,225			28,228
Current portion of finance leases	2,430			3,188
Current portion of long-term debt and finance leases	30,655			31,416
Long-term debt and finance leases	1,556,236			1,652,812
Debt discount and debt issuance costs	(15,403		)	(16,214		)
Long-term debt, net and finance leases	$	1,540,833		$	1,636,598

As of March ~~31, 2018~~30, 2019 and December ~~30, 2017,~~29, 2018, the weighted average interest rate on the Company’s debt was ~~2.13%~~3.77% and ~~2.45%~~4.24%, respectively.

Term Loans and Revolving Facility

On March 26, 2018, the Company amended and restated its $1.65 billion credit facility creating a $2.3 billion credit facility ($2.3B Credit Facility) which extends the maturity date for the credit facility. The $2.3B Credit Facility provides for a $750.0 million term loan and a $1.55 billion multi-currency revolving facility. The amendment was accounted for as a debt modification. In connection with the transaction, the Company capitalized approximately $6.2 million onwithin Long-term debt, net and finance leases in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance ~~sheet as of March 31,~~

~~CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

~~2018~~sheets and expensed approximately $1.0 million of debt issuance costs recorded inwithin Interest expense ~~for~~in the ~~three month period ended March 31, 2018.~~accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income.

The term loan facility matures in 19 quarterly installments with the last installment due March 26, 2023. The revolving facility matures on March 26, 2023, and requires no scheduled payment before that date. Under specified circumstances, the Company has the ability to increase the term loan and/or revolving facility by up to $1.0 billion in the aggregate.

The interest rates applicable to the term loan and revolving facility under the $2.3B Credit Facility are, at the Company’s option, equal to either the base rate (which is the higher of (1) the prime rate, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, or (3) the one-month adjusted LIBOR rate plus 1.0%) or the adjusted LIBOR rate, plus an interest rate margin based upon the Company’s leverage ratio.

The $2.3B Credit Facility includes certain customary representations and warranties, events of default, notices of material adverse changes to the Company’s business and negative and affirmative covenants. These covenants include (1) maintenance of a ratio of consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) less capital expenditures to consolidated cash interest expense, for any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters, of no less than 3.50 to 1.0 as well as (2) maintenance of a ratio of consolidated indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA for any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters, of no more than 4.50 to 1.0 with step downs to 3.50 to 1.0 by the last day of the first quarter of 2020. As of March ~~31, 2018,~~30, 2019, the Company was compliant with all covenants.

The obligations of the Company under the $2.3B Credit Facility are collateralized by substantially all of the assets of the Company.

~~Upon~~During the ~~execution~~three months ended March 30, 2019, the Company had a $343.3 million U.S. dollar denominated loan borrowed by a non-U.S. Euro functional currency entity under the Company’s $2.3B Credit Facility, which resulted in foreign currency losses recognized in Other income, net. The Company entered into foreign exchange forward contracts to limit its foreign currency exposures related to these borrowings. As of March 30, 2019, the Company did not have any outstanding borrowings in a currency different than its respective functional currency. See Note 14, “Foreign Currency Contracts”, for further discussion.

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The acquisition of Citoxlab on April 29, 2019 for €448 million in cash (or approximately $500 million) was funded through a combination of cash on hand and proceeds from the $2.3B Credit Facility under the ~~Company paid the remaining $601.3 million balance on the previously drawn term loan with proceeds from the new~~multi-currency revolving facility. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had no outstanding term loans. On April 3, 2018, in conjunction with the purchase of MPI Research, the Company drew $750.0 million of term loan from the $2.3B Credit Facility.

Senior Notes Offering

On April 3, 2018, the Company entered into an indenture (Indenture) with MUFG Union Bank, N.A., (Trustee) in connection with the offering of $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 5.5% Senior Notes (Senior Notes), due in 2026, in an unregistered offering. Under the terms of the Indenture, interest on the Senior Notes is payable semi-annually on April 1 and October 1, ~~of each year,~~ beginning on October 1, 2018. The Senior Notes are guaranteed fully and unconditionally, jointly and severally on a senior unsecured basis ~~(Note Guarantees)~~ by the Company and certain of its U.S. subsidiaries. In connection with the transaction, the Company incurred approximately $7.4 million of debt issuance costs ~~of which $6.3 million was capitalized upon~~within Long-term debt, net and finance leases in the ~~issuance of the Senior Notes on April 3, 2018.~~accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company may redeem all or part of the Senior Notes at any time prior to April 1, 2021, at its option, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of such Senior Notes plus the Applicable Premium (as defined in the Indenture). The Company may also redeem up to 40% of the Senior Notes with the proceeds of certain equity offerings completed before April 1, 2021, at a redemption price equal to 105.5% of the principal amount of such Senior Notes. On or after April 1, 2021, the Company may on any one or more occasions redeem all or a part of the Senior Notes, at the redemption prices specified in the Indenture based on the applicable date of redemption. Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control Triggering Event (as defined in the Indenture), the Company will be required to offer to repurchase the Senior Notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount of such Senior Notes. Any redemption of the Senior Notes would also require settlement of accrued and unpaid interest, if any, up to but excluding the redemption date.

The Indenture contains certain covenants including, but not limited to, limitations and restrictions on the ability of the Company and its U.S. subsidiaries to (i) create certain liens, (ii) enter into any Sale and Leaseback Transaction (as defined in the Indenture) with respect to any property, and (iii) merge, consolidate, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of their assets. These covenants are subject to a number of conditions, qualifications, exceptions and limitations. Any event of default, as defined, could result in the acceleration of the repayment of the obligations.

Net proceeds from the Senior Notes of $493.8 million were used to partially repay the outstanding revolving credit facility on April 3, 2018.

Commitment Letter

On February 12, 2018, the Company secured aan $830 million commitment under a 364-day senior unsecured bridge loan facility (the ~~“Bridge Facility”)~~Bridge Facility) for the purpose of financing the acquisition of MPI Research. The Bridge Facility was terminated as of April 3, 2018 ~~in connection~~ upon the successful acquisition of MPI Research. Debt issuance costs of $1.8 million, ~~incurred in connection with~~which were capitalized upon the execution of the Bridge Facility, were ~~capitalized as of March 31, 2018 and~~ expensed upon termination of the agreement on April 3, 2018. In addition, ~~in the three months ended March 31, 2018,~~ the Company incurred and expensed $2.0 million of fees pertaining to a temporary backstop facility related to the negotiation of the Credit ~~Facility.~~Facility during the three months ended March 31, 2018. These costs were included in Interest expense in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income.

Letters of Credit

As of both March 30, 2019 and December 29, 2018, the Company had $6.5 million in outstanding letters of credit.

Finance Lease Obligations

The Company’s finance lease obligations amounted to $28.9 million and $29.2 million as of March 30, 2019 and December 29, 2018, respectively. See Note 16, “Leases” for further discussion.

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

~~Letters of Credit~~

~~As of March 31, 2018 and December 30, 2017, the Company had $4.9 million in outstanding letters of credit.~~

~~Capital Lease Obligations~~

~~The Company’s capital lease obligations amounted to $31.3 million and $30.3 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 30, 2017, respectively.~~

10. EQUITY AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS

Earnings Per Share

The following table reconciles the numerator and denominator in the computations of basic and diluted earnings per share:


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018			April 1, 2017			March 30, 2019		March 31, 2018
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Numerator:
Income from continuing operations, net of income taxes	$	53,268		$	46,963		$	55,688	$	53,268
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	(23		)	(4		)	—		(23		)
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	614			181			555		614
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	52,631		$	46,778		$	55,133	$	52,631

Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding - Basic	47,785			47,546			48,458		47,785
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options, restricted stock units, performance share units and restricted stock	1,043			875			1,004		1,043
Weighted-average shares outstanding - Diluted	48,828			48,421			49,462		48,828

Options to purchase ~~0.5~~0.4 million and ~~1.1~~0.5 million shares for the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018, ~~and April 1, 2017,~~ respectively, as well as a non-significant number of restricted shares, restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance share units (PSUs), were not included in computing diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. Basic weighted-average shares outstanding for ~~both~~ the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018 ~~and April 1, 2017~~ excluded the impact of 1.0 million and 1.1 million shares, respectively, of non-vested restricted stock and RSUs.

Treasury Shares

During the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018, the Company did not repurchase any shares under its authorized stock repurchase program. ~~During the three months ended April 1, 2017, the Company repurchased 0.4 million shares totaling $32.1 million under its $1.3 billion authorized stock repurchase program.~~ As of March ~~31, 2018,~~30, 2019, the Company had ~~$115.5~~$129.1 million remaining on the authorized stock repurchase program.

The Company’s stock-based compensation plans permit the netting of common stock upon vesting of ~~restricted stock,~~ RSUs and PSUs in order to satisfy individual statutory tax withholding requirements. During the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018, ~~and April 1, 2017,~~ the Company acquired 0.1 million shares for ~~$13.5~~$17.8 million and ~~0.2~~0.1 million shares for ~~$16.1~~$13.5 million, respectively, from such netting.

~~CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes to each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes, are as follows:

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
and Other
Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans Total
(in thousands)
December 30, 2017 $ (77,545 ) $ (67,186 ) $ (144,731 )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 24,867
—
24,867
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss —
459
459
Net current period other comprehensive income 24,867
459
25,326
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss due to adoption of ASU 2018-02 (See Note 1) —
3,330
3,330
Income tax expense (benefit) 1,840
(118 ) 1,722
March 31, 2018 $ (54,518 ) $ (69,939 ) $ (124,457 )



	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment and Other			Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans			Total
	(in thousands)
December 29, 2018	$	(102,199	)	$	(70,504	)	$	(172,703	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	9,427			—			9,427
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	—			374			374
Net current period other comprehensive income	9,427			374			9,801
Income tax (benefit) expense	(182		)	80			(102		)
March 30, 2019	$	(92,590	)	$	(70,210	)	$	(162,800	)

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Nonredeemable Noncontrolling Interest

The Company has an investment in an entity whose financial results are consolidated in the Company’s financial statements, as it has the ability to exercise control over this entity. The interest of the noncontrolling party in this entity has been recorded as noncontrolling interest. The activity within the nonredeemable noncontrolling interest was immaterial during the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, ~~2018 and April 1, 2017.~~2018.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

The Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interest in Vital River is 13%.

The Company has the right to purchase, and the noncontrolling interest holders have the right to sell, the remaining 13% equity interest at a contractually defined redemption value, subject to a redemption floor (embedded derivative). These rights are ~~exercisable beginning in 2019 and are accelerated in certain events.~~currently exercisable. The redeemable noncontrolling interest is measured at the greater of the amount that would be paid if settlement occurred as of the balance sheet date based on the contractually defined redemption value ($~~16.9~~20.5 million as of March ~~31, 2018)~~30, 2019) and ~~its~~the carrying amount adjusted for net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest. As the noncontrolling interest holders have the ability to require the Company to purchase the remaining 13% interest, the noncontrolling interest is classified in the mezzanine section of the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, which is presented above the equity section and below liabilities. The agreement does not limit the amount that the Company could be required to pay to purchase the remaining 13% equity interest.

The following table provides a rollforward of the activity related to the Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interest:


	Three Months Ended					Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018		April 1, 2017			March 30, 2019		March 31, 2018
	(in thousands)					(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	16,609	$	14,659		$	18,525	$	16,609
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest	150		(78		)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest						85		150
Adjustment to redemption value						1,451		—
Foreign currency translation	564		117			458		564
Ending balance	$	17,323	$	14,698		$	20,519	$	17,323

11. INCOME TAXES

The Company’s effective tax ~~rate~~rates for the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018 were 16.0% and ~~April 1, 2017 was~~ 15.5% ~~and 39.8%~~, respectively. The slight increase in the 2019 period compared to the 2018 period was primarily attributable to tax benefits from favorable tax authority rulings in the 2018 period, partially offset by increased tax benefits from stock-based compensation deductions in the 2019 period.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the decrease was primarily attributable to the tax on the gain on the divestiture of the CDMO business of $18.0 million in the first quarter of 2017 and tax benefits from favorable taxing authority rulings for the three months ended March 31, 2018 of $2.7 million.

~~During the three months ended March 31, 2018,~~30, 2019, the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits ~~decreased~~increased by ~~$3.7~~$0.7 million to ~~$21.0~~$19.5 million, primarily due to ~~benefits from a favorable tax ruling, offset with~~ an additional quarter of Canadian Scientific Research

~~CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

and Experimental Development Credit ~~reserves. The amount of~~reserves as well as unfavorable foreign exchange. For the three months ended March 30, 2019, the unrecognized income tax benefits that would impact the effective tax rate ~~decreased~~increased by ~~$3.5~~$0.5 million to ~~$19.3~~$18.1 million, for the same reasons listed above. The ~~amount of~~ accrued interest on unrecognized tax benefits was ~~$2.6~~$2.9 million at March ~~31, 2018.~~30, 2019. The Company estimates that it is reasonably possible that the unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by up to ~~$1.9~~$8.2 million over the next twelve-month period, primarily ~~as a result of~~due to the outcome of pending tax audits.

The Company continues to monitor its accounting for the elements of U.S. Tax Reform enacted in December 2017. The Company has made reasonable estimates of the effects of U.S. Tax Reform to its consolidated financial statements based on guidance and regulations released by the Internal Revenue Service. The SEC has issued SAB 118, which allows for a measurement period of up to one year after the enactment date of U.S. Tax Reform to finalize the recording of the related tax impacts. The Company has not recorded any measurement period adjustments during the quarter ended March 31, 2018 to the provisional amounts recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017. The Company anticipates finalizing and recording any adjustments resulting from the release of any additional guidance and interpretations by the end of its fiscal year ending December 29, 2018.

~~The Company~~ conducts business in ~~a number of~~several tax jurisdictions. As a result, it is subject to tax audits in jurisdictions including the U.S., U.K., China, France, Germany, Canada, Japan and ~~Canada.~~India. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. and international income tax examinations for years before 2015.

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries have ongoing tax controversies with various tax authorities in the U.S., Canada, ~~Germany,~~Japan, India and France. The Company does not ~~believe that~~anticipate resolution of these ~~controversies~~audits will have a material impact on its financial ~~position or results of operations~~statements.

Income tax (benefit) expense recorded to Other comprehensive income related to change in unrecognized pension gains, losses, and prior service costs was $(0.1) million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and April 1, 2017, respectively. Income tax expense recorded to foreign currency translation adjustment was $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

12. PENSION AND OTHER POST-RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS

The Company retrospectively adopted ASU 2017-07 during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Service cost is reflected in Cost of services provided (excluding amortization of intangible assets) and Selling, general and administrative within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. All other components of net periodic cost is recorded in Other income, net within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. See Note 1, “Basis of Presentation.” The following table provides the components of net periodic cost for the Company’s pension, deferred compensation and executive supplemental life insurance retirement plans:


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018			April 1, 2017			March 30, 2019			March 31, 2018
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Service cost	$	846		$	754		$	630		$	846
Interest cost	2,833			2,826			2,875			2,833
Expected return on plan assets	(3,877		)	(3,450		)	(3,235		)	(3,877		)
Amortization of prior service credit	(181		)	(119		)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)							91			(181		)
Amortization of net loss	645			966			489			645
Net periodic cost	$	266		$	977		$	850		$	266

Service cost is recorded as an operating expense within the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. All other components of net periodic costs are recorded in Other income, net in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. The net periodic cost for the Company’s other post-retirement benefit plan for the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018 ~~and April 1, 2017~~ was not significant.

~~CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

13. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company has stock-based compensation plans under which employees and non-employee directors may be granted stock-based awards such as stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, and PSUs.

The following table provides stock-based compensation by the financial statement line item in which it is reflected:


	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018		April 1, 2017		March 30, 2019			March 31, 2018
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	1,413	$	1,546	$	1,949		$	1,413
Selling, general and administrative	9,128		7,940		10,950			9,128
Stock-based compensation	$	10,541	$	9,486
Stock-based compensation, before income taxes					12,899			10,541
Provision for income taxes					(2,047		)	(2,116		)
Stock-based compensation, net of income taxes					$	10,852		$	8,425

During the three months ended March ~~31, 2018,~~30, 2019, the Company granted stock options representing ~~0.5~~0.4 million common shares with a per-share weighted-average grant date fair value of ~~$24.81,~~$34.00, RSUs representing 0.2 million common shares with a per-share weighted-average grant date fair value of ~~$109.34,~~$144.35, and PSUs representing 0.2 million common shares with a per-share weighted-average grant date fair value of ~~$117.28.~~$162.74. The maximum number of common shares to be issued upon vesting of PSUs granted during the three months ended March ~~31, 2018~~30, 2019 is ~~0.4~~0.3 million.

14. FOREIGN CURRENCY CONTRACTS

The Company ~~enters~~entered into foreign exchange forward contracts during the three months ended March 30, 2019 and December 29, 2018 to limit its foreign currency exposure related to ~~intercompany loans that are not of~~ a ~~long-term investment nature.~~U.S. dollar denominated loan borrowed by a non-U.S. Euro functional currency entity under the $2.3B Credit Facility. These contracts ~~are recorded at fair value in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and~~ are not designated as hedging instruments. Any gains or losses on ~~such~~these forward contracts are recognized immediately ~~recognized~~ in ~~Other income, net,~~Interest expense.

The open contract at December 29, 2018, which had a duration of approximately 3 months, was recorded at fair value in the Company’s accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The notional amount and ~~are largely offset by the remeasurement~~fair value of the ~~underlying intercompany~~open contract is summarized as follows:



	Notional Amount		Fair Value			Balance Sheet Location
	(in thousands)
December 29, 2018	$	343,300	$	(1,319	)	Other current liabilities

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The Company had no open forward contracts related to a U.S. dollar denominated loan ~~balances.~~borrowed by a non-U.S. Euro functional currency at March 30, 2019.

The following table summarizes the effect of the foreign exchange forward contract on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income:



	Three Months Ended
	March 30, 2019					March 31, 2018
Location of hedge gain (loss)	Financial statement caption amount			Amount of gain (loss)		Financial statement caption amount			Amount of gain (loss)
	(in thousands)
Interest expense	$	(9,987	)	$	8,917	$	(11,191	)	$	—

15. RESTRUCTURING AND ASSET IMPAIRMENTS

Global Restructuring Initiatives

In recent fiscal years, the Company has undertaken productivity improvement initiatives within all reportable segments at various locations across the U.S., Europe, and Japan. This includes workforce right-sizing and scalability initiatives, resulting in severance and transition costs; and cost related to the consolidation of facilities, resulting in asset impairment and accelerated depreciation charges. The Company’s existing lease obligations for certain facilities continue through various dates, the latest being 2028.

The following table presents a summary of restructuring costs related to these initiatives within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income.



	Three Months Ended
	March 30, 2019						March 31, 2018
	Severance and Transition Costs		Asset Impairments and Other Costs		Total		Severance and Transition Costs		Asset Impairments and Other Costs		Total
	(in thousands)
Cost of services provided and products sold (excluding amortization of intangible assets)	$	267	$	1,149	$	1,416	$	563	$	22	$	585
Selling, general and administrative	133		—		133		53		—		53
Total	$	400	$	1,149	$	1,549	$	616	$	22	$	638

The following table presents restructuring costs by reportable segment for these productivity improvement initiatives:



	Three Months Ended
	March 30, 2019		March 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
RMS	301		—
DSA	$	13	$	(232	)
Manufacturing	1,235		870
Total	$	1,549	$	638

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2017 RMS Restructuring Initiative

In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017, the Company committed to a plan to further reduce costs and improve operating efficiencies in its RMS reportable segment. The plan included ceasing production within the Company’s facility in Maryland and reducing its workforce at certain RMS facilities during 2018.

The following table presents a summary of severance and transition costs, and asset impairments (referred to as restructuring costs) during the three months ended March 31, 2018 related to this initiative within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. The Company did not incur any restructuring costs in the three months ended March 30, 2019.



	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018
	Severance and Transition Costs		Asset Impairments and Other Costs		Total

Cost of services provided and products sold (excluding amortization of intangible assets)	$	353	$	515	$	868
Selling, general and administrative	170		—		170
Total	$	523	$	515	$	1,038

Cumulative restructuring costs incurred during 2017 and 2018 were $20.1 million, which primarily related to non-cash asset impairments and accelerated depreciation charges of $17.7 million and cash payments for severance and transition costs of $1.2 million and were recorded in the RMS reportable segment. Substantially all severance and transition costs have ~~any foreign currency contracts open~~been paid as of March 30, 2019 and no further restructuring costs related to the 2017 RMS Restructuring Initiative are expected to be incurred.

The following table provides a rollforward for all of the Company’s severance and transition costs, and lease obligation liabilities related to all restructuring activities:



	Three Months Ended
	March 30, 2019			March 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	2,921		$	6,856
Expense	1,246			1,139
Payments / utilization	(2,034		)	(1,149		)
Foreign currency adjustments	(20		)	207
Ending balance	$	2,113		$	7,053

As of March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018, 1.8 million and $3.1 million of severance and other personnel related costs liabilities and lease obligation liabilities, respectively, were included in accrued compensation and accrued liabilities within the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and $0.3 million and $3.9 million, respectively, were included in other long-term liabilities within the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

16. LEASES

Adoption of ASC Topic 842, “Leases” (ASC 842)

ASC 842 became effective for the Company on December 30, ~~2017.~~2018 and was adopted using the modified retrospective method for all leases that had commenced as of the effective date, along with certain available practical expedients. The Company elected to recognize any effects of applying the new standard as a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption, which there were none. In addition, the Company elected to adopt the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard. The practical expedient package applied to leases that commenced prior to the effective date of the new standard and permits a reporting entity not to: i) reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, ii) reassess the historical lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and iii) reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases.

The reporting results for the three months ended March 30, 2019 reflect the application of ASC 842 guidance while the historical results for fiscal year 2018 were prepared under the guidance of ASC 840. The adoption of the new standard did not have a significant impact upon the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income and cash flows. The adoption of the new standard resulted in the following impact to the condensed consolidated balance sheet: i) no significant change in the carrying values of assets and liabilities related to the Company’s finance leases, previously referred to as capital leases (See Note 9, “Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Obligations”), ii) the derecognition of assets and related liabilities pertaining to certain build-to-suit arrangements previously accounted for under ASC 840 and recording them under the guidance of ASC 842, and iii) the recording of right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities pertaining to the Company’s operating leases on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, adjusted for existing balances of prepaid rent and deferred rent liabilities as of the transition date. The cumulative effect of applying ASC 842 to all leases that had commenced as of December 30, 2018 was as follows:



Balance sheet captions impacted by ASC 842	December 30, 2018 (Prior to adoption of ASC 842)		Effect of the adoption of ASC 842				December 30, 2018 (As adjusted)
	(in thousands)
Prepaid assets	$	53,447	$	(4,413	)	⁽¹⁾	$	49,034
Property, plant and equipment, net	932,877		(23,448		)	⁽²⁾	909,429
Right-of-use asset-operating leases	—		134,172			⁽³⁾	134,172
Other assets	143,759		(4,989		)	⁽⁴⁾	138,770
Other current liabilities	71,280		15,935			⁽⁵⁾	87,215
Right-of-use liability-operating leases	—		111,570			⁽⁶⁾	111,570
Long-term debt, net and finance leases	1,636,598		(26,183		)	⁽⁷⁾	1,610,415
ASC 842 adoption adjustments:
⁽¹⁾ Short term prepaid rent reclassified from Prepaid assets to the Operating lease right-of-use asset.
⁽²⁾ Derecognition of approximately $26 million of leased properties, recorded in Property, plant and equipment, specifically Construction-in-process, that were recognized under the previously existing build-to-suit accounting rules; partially offset by Prepaid assets related to finance leases reclassified from Prepaid assets.
⁽³⁾ Recognition of Operating lease right-to-use asset and adjusted for prepaid rent and deferred rent liability reclassification adjustments identified in adjustments ⁽¹⁾ ⁽⁴⁾ ⁽⁵⁾.
⁽⁴⁾ Long-term prepaid rent reclassified from Other assets to the Operating lease right-of-use asset.
⁽⁵⁾ Recognition of short-term portion of the Operating lease right-of-use liabilities offset by reclassification of deferred rent liability to Operating lease right-of-use asset.
⁽⁶⁾ Recognition of long-term portion of the Operating lease right-of-use liabilities.
⁽⁷⁾ Derecognition of approximately $26 million of Other debt associated with leased properties that were recognized under the previously existing build-to-suit accounting rules.

Operating and Finance Leases

At inception of a contract, the Company determines if a contact meets the definition of a lease. A lease is a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment (an identified asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company determines if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time. The Company assesses throughout the period of use whether the Company has both of the following: (1) the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the identified asset, and (2) the right to direct the use of the identified asset. This determination is reassessed if the terms of the contract are changed. Leases are classified as

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

operating or finance leases based on the terms of the lease agreement and certain characteristics of the identified asset. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement date based on the present value of the minimum future lease payments.

The Company leases laboratory, production, and office space (real estate), as well as land, vehicles and certain equipment under non-cancellable operating and finance leases. The carrying value of the Company’s right-of-use lease assets is substantially concentrated in its real estate leases, while the volume of lease agreements is primarily concentrated in vehicles and equipment leases. The Company’s policy is to not record leases with an original term of twelve months or less on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company recognizes lease expense for these short-term leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Certain lease agreements include rental payments that are adjusted periodically for inflation or other variables. In addition to rent, the leases may require the Company to pay additional amounts for taxes, insurance, maintenance and other expenses, which are generally referred to as non-lease components. Such adjustments to rental payments and variable non-lease components are treated as variable lease payments and recognized in the period in which the obligation for these payments was incurred. Variable lease components and variable non-lease components are not measured as part of the right of use asset and liability. Only when lease components and their associated non-lease components are fixed are they accounted for as a single lease component and are recognized as part of a right of use asset and liability. Total contract consideration is allocated to the combined fixed lease and non-lease component. This policy election applies consistently to all asset classes under lease agreements.

Most leases contain clauses for renewal at the Company’s option with renewal terms that generally extend the lease term from 1 to 5 years. Certain lease agreements contain options to purchase the leased property and options to terminate the lease. Payments to be made in option periods are recognized as part of the right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities when it is reasonably certain that the option to extend the lease will be exercised or the option to terminate the lease will not be exercised, or is not at the Company’s option. The Company determines whether the reasonably certain threshold is met by considering contract-, asset-, market-, and entity-based factors.

A portfolio approach is applied to certain lease contracts with similar characteristics. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants imposed by the leases.

The Company subleases a limited number of lease arrangements. Sublease activity is not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities are reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as follows:



	March 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Operating leases
Right-of-use asset-operating leases	$	130,704

Other current liabilities	$	18,912
Right-of-use liability-operating leases	109,054
Total operating lease liabilities	$	127,966

Finance leases
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	30,774

Current portion of long-term debt and finance leases	$	2,430
Long-term debt, net and finance leases	26,509
Total finance lease liabilities	$	28,939

The components of operating and finance lease costs for the three months ended March 30, 2019 were as follows:

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



	March 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Operating lease costs	$	7,706
Finance lease costs:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	921
Interest on lease liabilities	296
Short-term lease costs	192
Variable lease costs	335
Sublease income	(46		)
Total lease costs	$	9,404

Other information related to leases was as follows:

Supplemental cash flow information



	March 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Cash flows included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	6,533
Operating cash flows from finance leases	352
Finance cash flows from finance leases	838

Non-cash leases activity:
Right-of-use lease assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	1,688
Right-of-use lease assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	—

Lease term and discount rate



		March 30, 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)
Operating lease		7.71
Finance lease		14.19
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating lease		4.51
Finance lease		4.77

At the lease commencement date, the discount rate implicit in the lease is used to discount the lease liability if readily determinable. If not readily determinable or leases do not contain an implicit rate, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate is used as the discount rate.

As of March 30, 2019, minimum future lease payments under non-cancellable leases for each of the following five years and a total thereafter were as follows:

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
	(in thousands)
2019 (excluding the three months ended March 30, 2019)	$	18,658	$	2,768
2020	22,915		3,797
2021	20,906		2,916
2022	17,595		3,034
2023	14,304		2,268
Thereafter	58,784		24,945
Total minimum future lease payments	153,162		39,728
Less: Imputed interest	25,196		10,789
Total lease liabilities	$	127,966	$	28,939

Total minimum future lease payments (predominantly operating leases) of approximately $27.9 million for leases that have not commenced as of March 30, 2019, as the Company does not yet control the underlying assets, are not included in the condensed consolidated financial statements. These leases are expected to commence between fiscal years 2019 and 2021 with lease terms of 3 to 11 years.

As of December 29, 2018, minimum future lease payments under non-cancellable leases for each of the following five years and a total thereafter were as follows:



	Operating Leases ⁽¹⁾		Finance Leases ⁽¹⁾
	(in thousands)
2019	$	25,411	$	3,972
2020	22,400		3,759
2021	21,544		2,869
2022	18,535		2,967
2023	15,398		2,209
Thereafter	66,870		24,304
Total minimum future lease payments	$	170,158	$	40,080
⁽¹⁾ Lease commitments are presented under the guidance of ASC 840 and includes approximately $14 million of minimum future lease payments for leases that had not commenced as of December 29, 2018. These commitments relate to existing leases for which the Company does not yet control certain expansion space.

~~15.~~17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation

Various lawsuits, claims and proceedings of a nature considered normal to its business are pending against the Company. While the outcome of any of these proceedings cannot be accurately predicted, the Company does not believe the ultimate resolution of any of these existing matters would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business or financial condition.

~~Lease Commitments~~

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company assumed or entered into new lease agreements or exercised options to extend the lease terms for certain existing leases. As a result, the Company’s lease obligations through 2032 increased by $2.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

~~CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

~~16. RESTRUCTURING AND ASSET IMPAIRMENTS~~

~~Global RMS Restructuring Initiatives~~

In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017, the Company committed to a plan to further reduce costs and improve operating efficiencies in its RMS reportable segment. The Company plans to cease use of its production facility in Maryland for RMS before the end of 2018 and consolidate production in other facilities. Additionally, the Company will reduce its workforce at various other global RMS facilities during 2018.

The following table presents a summary of severance and transition costs, and asset impairments (referred to as restructuring costs) related to this initiative within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

March 31, 2018
Severance and Transition Costs Asset Impairments Total
(in thousands)
Cost of services provided and products sold (excluding amortization of intangible assets) $ 353
$ 515
$ 868
Selling, general and administrative 170
—
170
Total $ 523
$ 515
$ 1,038

Restructuring costs incurred during the fourth quarter of 2017 were $18.1 million, which primarily related to non-cash asset impairments and accelerated depreciation charges of $17.7 million. In addition to the costs incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2018, remaining restructuring costs related to this initiative in 2018 are expected to be between $5.5 million and $6.0 million, of which approximately $5.0 million relate to employee separation and facility exit costs, including accelerated lease obligations. All of the costs are recorded in the RMS reportable segment. The cash portion of the total costs are not expected to exceed $8 million. The Company’s existing lease obligation continues through 2028.

~~Other Restructuring Initiatives~~

In recent fiscal years, the Company has undertaken productivity improvement initiatives within all reportable segments at various locations across the U.S., Europe, and Japan. This includes workforce reductions, resulting in severance and transition costs; and cost related to the consolidation of facilities, resulting in asset impairment and accelerated depreciation charges. The Company’s existing lease obligations for certain facilities continue through various dates, the latest being March 2028.

The following table presents a summary of restructuring costs related to these initiatives within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and April 1, 2017.

March 31, 2018 April 1, 2017
Severance and Transition Costs Asset Impairments Total Severance and Transition Costs Asset Impairments Total
(in thousands)
Cost of services provided and products sold (excluding amortization of intangible assets) $ 563
$ 22
$ 585
$ 923
$ 60
$ 983
Selling, general and administrative 53
—
53
94
—
94
Total $ 616
$ 22
$ 638
$ 1,017
$ 60
$ 1,077

~~The following table presents restructuring costs by reportable segment for these productivity improvement initiatives:~~

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018 April 1, 2017
(in thousands)
DSA $ (232 ) $ 256
Manufacturing 870
821
Total $ 638
$ 1,077

~~CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

~~The following table provides a rollforward for all of the Company’s severance and transition costs, and lease obligation liabilities related to all restructuring activities:~~

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018 April 1, 2017
(in thousands)
Beginning balance $ 6,856
$ 8,102
Expense 1,139
1,017
Payments / utilization (1,149 ) (2,690 )
Foreign currency adjustments 207
102
Ending balance $ 7,053
$ 6,531

As of March 31, 2018 and April 1, 2017, $3.1 million and $2.6 million of severance and other personnel related costs liabilities and lease obligation liabilities, respectively, were included in accrued compensation and accrued liabilities within the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and $3.9 million and $4.0 million, respectively, were included in other long-term liabilities within the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ~~2017.~~2018. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ significantly from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause future results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ~~2017.~~2018. Certain percentage changes may not recalculate due to rounding.

Overview

We are a full service, early-stage contract research organization (CRO). For over 70 years, we have been in the business of providing the research models required in research and development of new drugs, devices, and therapies. Over this time, we have built upon our original core competency of laboratory animal medicine and science (research model technologies) to develop a diverse portfolio of discovery and safety assessment services, both Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and non-GLP, that enable us to support our clients from target identification through non-clinical development. We also provide a suite of products and services to support our clients’ manufacturing activities. Utilizing our broad portfolio of products and services enables our clients to create a more flexible drug development model, which reduces their costs, enhances their productivity and effectiveness, and increases speed to market.

Our client base includes all major global biopharmaceutical companies, many biotechnology companies, CROs, agricultural and industrial chemical companies, life science companies, veterinary medicine companies, contract manufacturing companies, medical device companies, and diagnostic and other commercial entities, as well as leading hospitals, academic institutions, and government agencies around the world.

Segment Reporting

Our three reportable segments are Research Models and Services (RMS), Discovery and Safety Assessment (DSA), and Manufacturing Support (Manufacturing). Our RMS reportable segment includes the Research Models and Research Model Services businesses. Research Models includes the commercial production and sale of small research models, as well as the supply of large research models. Research Model Services includes: Genetically Engineered Models and Services (GEMS), which performs contract breeding and other services associated with genetically engineered models; Research Animal Diagnostic Services (RADS), which provides health monitoring and diagnostics services related to research models; and Insourcing Solutions (IS), which provides colony management of our clients’ research operations (including recruitment, training, staffing, and management services). Our DSA reportable segment includes services required to take a drug through the early development process including discovery services, which are non-regulated services to assist clients with the identification, screening, and selection of a lead compound for drug development, and regulated and non-regulated (GLP and non-GLP) safety assessment services. Our Manufacturing reportable segment includes Microbial Solutions, which provides in vitro (non-animal) lot-release testing products, microbial detection products, and species identification services; Biologics Testing Services (Biologics), which performs specialized testing of biologics; Avian Vaccine Services (Avian), which supplies specific-pathogen-free chicken eggs and ~~chickens; and contract development and manufacturing (CDMO) services, which, until~~chickens.

~~we divested this business on February 10, 2017, allowed us to provide formulation design and development, manufacturing, and analytical and stability testing for small molecules.~~

Recent Acquisitions ~~and Divestiture~~

Our strategy is to augment internal growth of existing businesses with complementary acquisitions. Our recent acquisitions ~~and divestiture~~ are described below.

On April 29, 2019, we acquired Citoxlab, a non-clinical CRO, specializing in regulated safety assessment services, non-regulated discovery services, and medical device testing. With operations in Europe and North America, the acquisition of Citoxlab will further strengthen our position as a leading, global, early-stage CRO by expanding our scientific portfolio and geographic footprint, which will enhance our ability to partner with clients across the drug discovery and development continuum. The preliminary purchase price for Citoxlab was €448 million in cash (or approximately $500 million), subject to customary closing adjustments. The acquisition was funded through a combination of cash on hand and proceeds from our $2.3B Credit Facility under the multi-currency revolving facility. This business will be reported as part of our DSA reportable segment.

On April 3, 2018, we acquired MPI Research, a non-clinical CRO providing comprehensive testing services to biopharmaceutical and medical device companies worldwide. The acquisition enhances our position as a leading global early-stage CRO by strengthening our ability to partner with clients across the drug discovery and development continuum. The purchase price for MPI Research was ~~approximately $800~~$829.7 million in ~~cash, subject to certain post-closing adjustments.~~cash. The acquisition was funded by borrowings on our $2.3 billion credit facility ($2.3B Credit Facility) as well as the ~~offering~~issuance of ~~$500.0 million of our senior notes.~~the Company’s Senior Notes. MPI Research ~~will be~~is reported as part of our DSA reportable segment.

On January 11, 2018, we acquired KWS BioTest Limited (KWS BioTest), a CRO specializing in in vitro and in vivo discovery testing services for immuno-oncology, inflammatory and infectious diseases. The acquisition enhances our discovery expertise, with complementary offerings that provide our customers with additional tools in the active therapeutic research areas of oncology and immunology. The purchase price for KWS BioTest was $20.3 million in ~~cash, subject to certain post-closing adjustments.~~cash. In addition to the initial purchase price, the transaction includes aggregate, undiscounted contingent payments of up to £3.0 million ~~(approximately $4.2 million based on recent exchange rates),~~ based on future performance. During the three months ended September 29, 2018, the terms of these contingent payments were amended, resulting in a fixed payment of £2.0 million, or $2.6 million, which was paid during the three months ended March 30, 2019. The KWS BioTest business is reported as part of our DSA reportable segment.

On August 4, 2017, we acquired Brains On-Line, a CRO providing critical data that advances novel therapeutics for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Brains On-Line strategically expands our existing CNS capabilities and establishes us as a single-source provider for a broad portfolio of discovery CNS services. The purchase price for Brains On-Line was $21.3 million in cash, subject to certain post-closing adjustments. In addition to the initial purchase price, the transaction includes aggregate, undiscounted contingent payments of up to €6.7 million (approximately $8.3 million based on recent exchange rates), based on future performance. The Brains On-Line business is reported as part of our DSA reportable segment.

On February 10, 2017, we completed the divestiture of our CDMO business to Quotient Clinical Ltd., based in London, England, for $75.0 million in proceeds, net of cash, cash equivalents, and working capital adjustments. The CDMO business was acquired in April 2016 as part of the acquisition of WIL Research and was reported in our Manufacturing reportable segment.

Overview of Results of Operations and Liquidity

Revenue for the three months ended March ~~31, 2018~~30, 2019 was ~~$494.0~~$604.6 million compared to ~~$445.8~~$494.0 million in the corresponding period in ~~2017.~~2018. This increase of ~~$48.2~~$110.6 million, or ~~10.8%~~22.4%, was primarily due to the recent acquisition of MPI Research as well as growth in our DSA and Manufacturing ~~segments. The positive~~segments; partially offset by the negative effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates ~~increased~~which decreased revenue by ~~$20.8~~$13.9 million, or ~~4.6%~~2.8%, when compared to the corresponding period in ~~2017.~~2018.

In the three months ended March ~~31, 2018,~~30, 2019, our operating income and operating income margin were ~~$67.8~~$69.8 million and ~~13.7%~~11.5%, respectively, compared with ~~$69.7~~$67.8 million and ~~15.6%~~13.7%, respectively, in the corresponding period of ~~2017.~~2018. The ~~decrease~~increase in operating income ~~and operating income margin~~ was primarily due to our recent acquisitions. The decreases in operating income margin were primarily due to increased amortization expense and costs related to our recent acquisitions; as well as continued investments ~~in the business~~ to support future growth of the ~~Company.~~businesses, which includes increased investments in personnel (staffing levels and hourly wage increases) and facility expansions (primarily in the RMS and Biologics business). Offsetting the decreases in operating income margin were the realization of improved volume and pricing across our products and services portfolio.

Net income attributable to common shareholders increased to ~~$52.6~~$55.1 million in the three months ended March ~~31, 2018,~~30, 2019, from ~~$46.8~~$52.6 million in the corresponding period of ~~2017.~~2018. The increase in ~~net~~Net income attributable to common shareholders was primarily due to ~~a reduction of $21.3 million~~the increase in ~~the provision for~~operating income taxes resulting from the tax on the gain on the divestiture of the CDMO business of $18.0 million in the first quarter of 2017 and tax benefits from favorable taxing authority rulings for the three months ended March 31, 2018 of $2.7 million; partially offset by the absence of a $10.6 million gain recorded in other income, net on the CDMO divestiture in 2017.discussed above.

During the first three months of ~~2018,~~2019, our cash flows from operations was ~~$60.1~~$14.9 million compared with ~~$34.0~~$60.1 million for ~~2017.~~the same period in 2018. The ~~increase~~decrease was primarily driven by ~~an increase~~unfavorable changes in ~~income from continuing operations and favorable timing of cash flows related to our~~ operating assets and liabilities, specifically related to net contract balances from contracts with customers (collectively trade receivables, net; deferred revenue; and customer contract deposits) and accrued compensation compared to the prior ~~year.~~year period.

On March 26, 2018, we amended and restated our $1.65 billion credit facility creating a $2.3B Credit Facility. The $2.3B Credit Facility provides for a $750.0 million term loan and a $1.55 billion multi-currency revolving facility. The term loan facility matures in 19 quarterly installments with the last installment due March 26, 2023. The revolving facility matures on March 26, 2023, and requires no scheduled payment before that date. Under specified circumstances, we have the ability to increase the term loan and/or revolving facility by up to $1.0 billion in the aggregate.

On April 3, 2018, we ~~closed on the offering of~~issued $500.0 million ~~in aggregate principal amount~~ of ~~the Company’s~~ 5.5% Senior Notes (Senior Notes) due 2026 in an unregistered offering. Interest on the Senior Notes is payable semi-annually on April 1 and October 1, ~~of each year,~~ beginning on October 1, 2018.

In March 2019, we detected unauthorized access into portions of our information systems and commenced an investigation into the incident, coordinated with U.S. federal law enforcement and leading cybersecurity experts, and promptly implemented a comprehensive containment and remediation plan. While the investigation is ongoing, we have determined that some client data was copied by a highly sophisticated, well-resourced intruder. We have not yet determined the potential revenue or financial impact related to this incident.

We continue to move aggressively to further secure our information systems, which includes adding enhanced security features and monitoring procedures to further protect our client data. While we have taken substantial steps to minimize unauthorized access into our information systems, until our ongoing remediation process is complete, we will be unable to determine that this incident has been entirely remediated. We have not observed any further indications of continued unauthorized activity in our information systems.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March ~~31, 2018~~30, 2019 Compared to the Three Months Ended ~~April 1, 2017~~March 31, 2018

Revenue and Operating Income

The following tables present consolidated revenue by type and by reportable segment:


	Three Months Ended								Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018		April 1, 2017		$ change		% change		March 30, 2019		March 31, 2018		$ change		% change
	(in millions, except percentages)								(in millions, except percentages)
Service revenue	$	345.5	$	304.5	$	41.0	13.4	%	$	451.0	$	345.5	$	105.5	30.5	%
Product revenue	148.5		141.3		7.2		5.2	%	153.6		148.5		5.1		3.4	%
Total revenue	$	494.0	$	445.8	$	48.2	10.8	%	$	604.6	$	494.0	$	110.6	22.4	%


	Three Months Ended										Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018		April 1, 2017		$ change		% change		Impact of FX		March 30, 2019		March 31, 2018		$ change		% change		Impact of FX
	(in millions, except percentages)										(in millions, except percentages)
RMS	$	134.0	$	127.2	$	6.8	5.3	%	5.1	%	$	137.2	$	134.0	$	3.2	2.4	%	(3.0	)%
DSA	260.0		227.8		32.2		14.2	%	4.0	%	354.2		260.0		94.2		36.2	%	(2.2	)%
Manufacturing	100.0		90.8		9.2		10.1	%	5.9	%	113.2		100.0		13.2		13.2	%	(4.3	)%
Total revenue	$	494.0	$	445.8	$	48.2	10.8	%	4.6	%	$	604.6	$	494.0	$	110.6	22.4	%	(2.8	)%

The following table presents operating income by reportable segment:



	Three Months Ended
	March 30, 2019			March 31, 2018			$ change			% change
	(in millions, except percentages)
RMS	$	37.8		$	38.5		$	(0.7	)	(1.8	)%
DSA	46.7			40.9			5.8			14.2	%
Manufacturing	31.5			28.5			3.0			10.5	%
Unallocated corporate	(46.2		)	(40.1		)	(6.1		)	15.2	%
Total operating income	$	69.8		$	67.8		$	2.0		2.9	%
Operating income % of revenue	11.5		%	13.7		%				(2.2	)%

The following presents the results from operating income by each of our reportable segments:

RMS



	Three Months Ended
	March 30, 2019			March 31, 2018			$ change			% change		Impact of FX
	(in millions, except percentages)
Revenue	$	137.2		$	134.0		$	3.2		2.4	%	(3.0	)%
Cost of revenue (excluding amortization of intangible assets)	82.8			80.2			2.6			3.2	%
Selling, general and administrative	16.2			14.8			1.4			9.5	%
Amortization of intangible assets	0.4			0.5			(0.1		)	(20.0	)%
Operating income	$	37.8		$	38.5		$	(0.7	)	(1.8	)%
Operating income % of revenue	27.6		%	28.8		%				(1.2	)%

RMS revenue increased ~~by $6.8~~$3.2 million due primarily to higher research model services revenue and higher research model product revenue in China. Research model services benefited from a large government contract in the ~~positive~~IS business and strong client demand in the GEMS business resulting from increased research and development activity conducted across biotechnology and academic institutional clients. Partially offsetting these increases were the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates ~~higher research model product revenue in China,~~ and ~~higher research model services revenue attributable to the IS and GEMS businesses; partially offset by~~ lower research model product revenue outside of ~~China.~~China, particularly from large biopharmaceutical clients.

~~DSA revenue increased $32.2~~RMS operating income decreased $0.7 million due primarily to increased demand from biotechnology clients, higher revenue from global biopharmaceutical clients, and the positive effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Discovery Services business had higher service revenue, primarily as a result of the acquisitions of Brains On-Line and KWS BioTest that contributed $2.3 million and $2.0 million to service revenue growth, respectively.

Manufacturing revenue increased $9.2 million due primarily to the positive effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, higher demand for endotoxin products in the Microbial Solutions business, and higher product revenue in the Avian business; partially offset by the absence of $1.8 million of service revenue related to the CDMO business.

~~Cost of Services Provided and Products Sold (Excluding Amortization of Intangible Assets)~~

~~The following tables present consolidated cost of services provided and products sold (excluding amortization of intangible assets) (Costs) by type and by reportable segment:~~

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018 April 1, 2017 $ change % change
(in millions, except percentages)
Cost of services provided $ 243.8
$ 207.2
$ 36.6
17.7 %
Cost of products sold 68.7
67.2
1.5
2.2 %
Total cost of services provided and products sold (excluding amortization of intangible assets) $ 312.5
$ 274.4
$ 38.1
13.9 %

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018 April 1, 2017 $ change % change
(in millions, except percentages)
RMS $ 80.2
$ 74.4
$ 5.8
7.9 %
DSA 183.5
156.0
27.5
17.6 %
Manufacturing 48.8
44.0
4.8
10.9 %
Total cost of services provided and products sold
(excluding amortization of intangible assets)
$ 312.5
$ 274.4
$ 38.1
13.9 %

~~Costs for the three months ended March 31, 2018 increased $38.1 million, or 13.9%,~~ compared to the corresponding period in ~~2017. Costs~~2018. RMS operating income as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended March ~~31, 2018 were 63.3%~~30, 2019 was 27.6%, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~1.7%~~1.2% from ~~61.6%~~28.8% for the corresponding period in ~~2017.~~2018. Operating income and operating income as a percentage of revenue decreased due primarily to continued investments to support future growth, including increased investments in personnel (staffing levels and hourly wage increases), and facility expansions (primarily in China), lower operating income margins on the aforementioned large government contract, and lower sales volume for research models outside of China.

~~RMS Costs~~DSA



	Three Months Ended
	March 30, 2019			March 31, 2018			$ change		% change		Impact of FX
	(in millions, except percentages)
Revenue	$	354.2		$	260.0		$	94.2	36.2	%	(2.2	)%
Cost of revenue (excluding amortization of intangible assets)	252.2			183.5			68.7		37.4	%
Selling, general and administrative	38.6			28.1			10.5		37.4	%
Amortization of intangible assets	16.7			7.5			9.2		122.7	%
Operating income	$	46.7		$	40.9		$	5.8	14.2	%
Operating income % of revenue	13.2		%	15.7		%			(2.5	)%

DSA revenue increased ~~$5.8~~$94.2 million due primarily to ~~charges associated with~~ the ~~planned closure~~recent acquisition of ~~our research model production site~~MPI Research which contributed $70.7 million to service revenue growth. Additionally, service revenue increased in ~~Maryland~~both the Safety Assessment and Discovery Services businesses due to demand from biotechnology clients and favorable pricing of services. These increases were partially offset by the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. ~~RMS Costs~~

DSA operating income increased $5.8 million during the three months ended March 30, 2019 compared to the corresponding period in 2018. DSA operating income as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended March ~~31, 2018 were 59.9%~~30, 2019 was 13.2%, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~1.4%~~2.5% from ~~58.5%~~15.7% for the corresponding period in ~~2017.~~2018. The increase to operating income was primarily attributable to contributions from our recent acquisition of MPI Research. This increase was partially offset by increased costs in both cost of revenue and selling, general, and administrative expenses to support the growth of the businesses, which included the following: increased investments in personnel (staffing levels and hourly wage increases); increased investments related to facility expansions; and higher amortization of intangible assets as substantially all of our acquisitions in fiscal year 2018 are included within the DSA reportable segment. These increased costs collectively decreased operating income as a percentage of revenue in the three months ended March 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.

~~DSA Costs~~Manufacturing



	Three Months Ended
	March 30, 2019			March 31, 2018			$ change		% change		Impact of FX
	(in millions, except percentages)
Revenue	$	113.2		$	100.0		$	13.2	13.2	%	(4.3	)%
Cost of revenue (excluding amortization of intangible assets)	57.8			48.8			9.0		18.4	%
Selling, general and administrative	21.6			20.4			1.2		5.9	%
Amortization of intangible assets	2.3			2.3			—		—	%
Operating income	$	31.5		$	28.5		$	3.0	10.5	%
Operating income % of revenue	27.8		%	28.5		%			(0.7	)%

Manufacturing revenue increased ~~$27.5~~$13.2 million due primarily to ~~an increase~~higher demand for bioburden products and services, endotoxin products, and species identification services in ~~Safety Assessment Costs due to growth of~~ the Microbial Solutions business and ~~the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates; an increase in Discovery Services Costs, which included a~~ higher service ~~cost base due to~~revenue in the ~~acquisitions of Brains On-Line and KWS BioTest; and~~Biologics business; partially offset by the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. ~~DSA Costs~~

Manufacturing operating income increased $3.0 million during the three months ended March 30, 2019 compared to the corresponding period in 2018. Manufacturing operating income as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended March ~~31, 2018 were 70.6%~~30, 2019 was 27.8%, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~2.1%~~0.7% from ~~68.5%~~28.5% for the corresponding period in ~~2017,~~2018. The increase to operating income was due primarily to ~~changes in foreign currency exchange rates and mix of services provided as compared to~~ the ~~prior period.~~

~~Manufacturing Costs increased $4.8 million due primarily to an~~ increase in ~~Microbial Solutions Costs resulting from higher demand for endotoxin products, increased Avian product revenue, and by the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates;~~revenue. This increase was partially offset by ~~a decrease~~increased costs in ~~CDMO Costs~~both cost of revenue and selling, general, and administrative expenses to support the growth of the businesses, which included the following: increased investments in personnel (staffing levels and hourly wage increases), and increased investments related to ~~the divestiture of the CDMO business. Manufacturing Costs~~facility expansions (primarily in Biologics). These increased costs collectively decreased operating income as a percentage of revenue ~~for~~in the three months ended March ~~31, 2018 were 48.8%, an increase of 0.3% from 48.5% for~~30, 2019 compared to the ~~corresponding~~same period in ~~2017.~~2018.

~~Selling, General and Administrative Expenses~~

Unallocated Corporate

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018 April 1, 2017 $ change % change
(in millions, except percentages)
RMS $ 14.8
$ 14.7
$ 0.1
0.8 %
DSA 28.1
25.8
2.3
9.0 %
Manufacturing 20.4
17.5
2.9
16.3 %
Unallocated corporate 40.1
32.9
7.2
21.8 %
Total selling, general and administrative $ 103.4
$ 90.9
$ 12.5
13.7 %



	Three Months Ended
	March 30, 2019		March 31, 2018		$ change		% change
	(in millions, except percentages)
Unallocated corporate	$	46.2	$	40.1	$	6.1	15.2	%

~~Selling,~~Unallocated corporate costs consist of selling, general and administrative expenses ~~(SG&A) for the three months ended March 31, 2018 increased $12.5 million,~~that are not directly related or ~~13.7%, compared~~allocated to the ~~corresponding period~~reportable segments. The increase in ~~2017. SG&A as a percentage~~unallocated corporate costs of ~~revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was 20.9%, an increase of 0.5%, from 20.4% for the corresponding period in 2017.~~

~~RMS SG&A remained~~$6.1 million is consistent with the ~~corresponding period in 2017. RMS SG&A as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was 11.0%, a decrease of 0.5% from 11.5% for the corresponding period in 2017.~~

~~The increase in DSA SG&A of $2.3 million was~~allocated selling, general, and administrative expense increases discussed above and are primarily related to an increase in compensation, benefits, and other employee-related expenses and an increase in costs associated with the evaluation and integration of our recent acquisitions to support the growth of the ~~business. DSA SG&A~~Company. Costs as a percentage of revenue for thethree months ended March ~~31, 2018~~30, 2019 was ~~10.8%~~7.6%, a decrease of 0.5% from ~~11.3%~~8.1% for the corresponding period in ~~2017.~~

The increase in Manufacturing SG&A of $2.9 million was primarily related to an increase in compensation, benefits, and other employee-related expenses to support the growth of the business. Manufacturing SG&A as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was 20.4%, an increase of 1.1% from 19.3% for the corresponding period in 2017.

~~The increase in unallocated corporate SG&A of $7.2 million was primarily related to an increase in compensation, benefits, and other employee-related expenses.~~

~~Amortization of Intangible Assets~~2018.

Amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was $10.3 million, a decrease of $0.4 million, or 4.4%, from $10.7 million for the corresponding period in 2017, due primarily to certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized and the disposal of certain amortizable intangible assets in connection with the CDMO business divestiture; partially offset by the amortization of certain intangible assets acquired in connection with our recent acquisitions.

Interest Income

Interest income, which represents earnings on cash, cash equivalents, and time deposits ~~was $0.3~~remained consistent at $0.2 million and ~~$0.2~~$0.3 million for the three months ended March ~~31,~~30, 2019 and the corresponding period in 2018, ~~and April 1, 2017,~~ respectively.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three months ended March ~~31, 2018~~30, 2019 was ~~$11.2~~$10.0 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$4.2~~$1.2 million, or ~~60.3%~~10.8%, compared to ~~$7.0~~$11.2 million for the corresponding period in ~~2017.~~2018. The ~~increase~~decrease was due primarily to a foreign currency gain recognized in connection with an interest rate forward contract; partially offset by an increase in interest expense due to the ~~deferred financing costs and fees related to refinancing of~~higher borrowings associated with our ~~prior $1.65B~~$2.3B Credit Facility ~~which occurred in the three months ended March 31, 2018.~~and our Senior Notes.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net, was ~~$6.1~~$6.3 million for the three months ended March ~~31, 2018, a decrease~~30, 2019, an increase of ~~$9.0~~$0.2 million, or ~~59.5%~~3.0%, compared to ~~$15.1~~$6.1 million for the corresponding period in ~~2017.~~2018. The ~~decrease~~increase was due to higher net gains on our venture capital investments and life insurance policy investments compared to corresponding period in ~~other income, net, was driven by the absence of a $10.6 million gain recognized as a result of the divestiture of the CDMO business,~~2018; partially offset by ~~an increase of $2.3 million~~a foreign currency loss recognized in ~~gains recognized related to our venture capital investments.~~connection with a U.S. dollar denominated loan borrowed by a non-U.S. entity with a different functional currency.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the three months ended March ~~31, 2018~~30, 2019 was ~~$9.8~~$10.6 million, ~~a decrease~~an increase of ~~$21.3~~$0.8 million compared to ~~$31.1~~$9.8 million for the corresponding period in ~~2017.~~2018. Our effective tax rate was ~~15.5%~~16.0% for the three months ended March ~~31, 2018,~~30, 2019, compared to ~~39.8%~~15.5% for the corresponding period in ~~2017. For~~2018. The slight increase in the ~~three months ended March 31,~~2019 period compared to the 2018 ~~the decrease~~period was primarily attributable to ~~the tax on the gain on the divestiture of the CDMO business of $18.0 million in the first quarter of 2017 and~~ tax benefits from favorable ~~taxing~~tax authority rulings in the ~~first quarter of~~ 2018 ~~of $2.7 million.~~period, partially offset by increased tax benefits from stock-based compensation deductions in the 2019 period.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We currently require cash to fund our working capital needs, capital expansion, and acquisitions, and to pay our debt and pension obligations. Our principal sources of liquidity have been our cash flows from operations, supplemented by long-term borrowings. Based on our current business plan, we believe that our existing funds, when combined with cash generated from operations and our access to financing resources, are sufficient to fund our operations for the foreseeable future.

The following table presents our cash, cash equivalents and investments:


	March 31, 2018		December 30, 2017		March 30, 2019		December 29, 2018
	(in millions)				(in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Held in U.S. entities	$	10.2	$	30.6	$	5.0	$	67.3
Held in non-U.S. entities	177.6		133.2		121.3		128.1
Total cash and cash equivalents	187.8		163.8		126.3		195.4
Investments:
Held in non-U.S. entities	2.5		28.5		0.9		0.9
Total cash, cash equivalents and investments	$	190.3	$	192.3	$	127.2	$	196.3

Borrowings

On March 26, 2018, we amended and restated our $1.65 billion credit facility, creating our $2.3B Credit Facility which extended the maturity date for the credit facility. The $2.3B Credit Facility provides for a $750.0 million term loan and a $1.55 billion multi-currency revolving facility. The term loan facility matures in 19 quarterly installments with the last installment due March 26, 2023. The revolving facility matures on March 26, 2023, and requires no scheduled payment before that date.

On April 3, 2018, we entered into an indenture (Indenture) with MUFG Union Bank, N.A., in connection with the offering of $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes due in 2026 in an unregistered offering. Under the terms of the Indenture, interest on the Senior Notes is payable semi-annually on April 1 and October 1, beginning on October 1, 2018.

Amounts outstanding under our credit facilities and Senior Notes were as follows:


	March 31, 2018		December 30, 2017		March 30, 2019		December 29, 2018
	(in millions)				(in millions)
Term loans	$	—	$	601.3	$	721.9	$	731.3
Revolving facility	1,091.3		501.0		336.0		397.5
Senior Notes					500.0		500.0
Total	$	1,091.3	$	1,102.3	$	1,557.9	$	1,628.8

Under specified circumstances, we have the ability to increase the term loan and/or revolving facility by up to $1.0 billion in the aggregate. The interest rates applicable to the term loan and revolving facility under the $2.3B Credit Facility are, at our option, equal to either the base rate (which is the higher of (1) the prime rate, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, or (3) the one-month adjusted LIBOR rate plus 1.0%) or the adjusted LIBOR rate, plus an interest rate margin based upon our leverage ratio.

~~Upon the execution~~The acquisition of ~~the~~Citoxlab on April 29, 2019 for €448 million in cash (or approximately $500 million) was funded through a combination of cash on hand and proceeds from our $2.3B Credit Facility ~~we paid~~under the remaining $601.3 million balance on the previously drawn term loan. As of March 31, 2018, we had no outstanding term loans. On April 3, 2018, in conjunction with the purchase of MPI Research, we drew $750.0 million of term loan from the $2.3B Credit Facility.

On April 3, 2018, we entered into an indenture (Indenture) with MUFG Union Bank, N.A., in connection with the offering of $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 5.5% Senior Notes (Senior Notes) due 2026 in an unregistered offering. Under the terms of the Indenture, interest on the Senior Notes is payable semi-annually on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on October 1, 2018.multi-currency revolving facility.

Repurchases of Common Stock

During the three months ended March ~~31, 2018,~~30, 2019, we did not repurchase any shares under our authorized stock repurchase program. As of March ~~31, 2018,~~30, 2019, we had ~~$115.5~~$129.1 million remaining on the authorized $1.3 billion stock repurchase program. Our stock-based compensation plans permit the netting of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock, restricted stock units, and performance share units in order to satisfy individual statutory tax withholding requirements. During the three months ended March ~~31, 2018,~~30, 2019, we acquired 0.1 million shares for ~~$13.5~~$17.8 million through such netting.

Cash Flows

The following table presents our net cash provided by operating activities:


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018			April 1, 2017			March 30, 2019			March 31, 2018
	(in millions)						(in millions)
Income from continuing operations	$	53.3		$	47.0		$	55.7		$	53.3
Adjustments to reconcile net income from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities	40.5			54.0			55.1			40.5
Changes in assets and liabilities	(33.7		)	(67.0		)	(95.9		)	(33.7		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	60.1		$	34.0		$	14.9		$	60.1

Net cash provided by cash flows from operating activities represents the cash receipts and disbursements related to all of our activities other than investing and financing activities. Operating cash flow is derived by adjusting our income from continuing operations for (1) non-cash operating items such as depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, deferred income taxes, ~~and~~ gains on venture capital investments, and ~~divestiture,~~impairment charges, as well as (2) changes in operating assets and liabilities, which reflect timing differences between the receipt and payment of cash associated with transactions and when they are recognized in our results of operations. For the three months ended March ~~31, 2018,~~30, 2019, compared to the three months ended ~~April 1, 2017,~~March 31, 2018, the ~~increase~~decrease in cash provided by operating activities was primarily driven by ~~an increase in income from continuing operations and positive~~unfavorable changes in operating assets and liabilities, ~~due~~specifically related to net contract balances from contracts with customers (collectively trade receivables, net; deferred revenue; and customer contract deposits) resulting from the ~~timing~~integration of the information systems of MPI Research (having since been completed), which the Company acquired in 2018, and accrued compensation compared to the prior year period.

The following table presents our net cash ~~(used in) provided by~~used in investing activities:


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018			April 1, 2017			March 30, 2019			March 31, 2018
	(in millions)						(in millions)
Acquisitions of businesses and assets, net of cash acquired	$	(20.2	)	$	—		$	(1.0	)	$	(20.2	)
Capital expenditures	(27.7		)	(15.9		)	(16.7		)	(27.7		)
Investments, net	23.3			(3.6		)	(2.4		)	23.3
Proceeds from divestiture	—			72.5
Other, net	(0.1		)	—			(0.7		)	(0.1		)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	$	(24.7	)	$	53.0
Net cash used in investing activities							$	(20.8	)	$	(24.7	)

For the three months ended March 30, 2019, the primary use of cash used in investing activities related to our capital expenditures to support the growth of the business. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the primary use of cash used in investing activities related to our capital expenditures to support the growth of the business, and our acquisition of KWS BioTest; partially offset by proceeds from net investments, which primarily ~~relate~~related to short-term investments held by our U.K. operations. ~~The primary source of cash provided by investing activities in the three months ended April 1, 2017 related to the proceeds from the divestiture of the CDMO business.~~

The following table presents our net cash used in financing activities:


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018			April 1, 2017			March 30, 2019			March 31, 2018
	(in millions)						(in millions)
Proceeds from long-term debt and revolving credit facility	$	1,080.3		$	112.7		$	290.1		$	1,080.3
Proceeds from exercises of stock options	20.0			19.7			21.8			20.0
Payments on long-term debt, revolving credit facility and capital lease obligations	(1,096.8		)	(158.1		)
Payments on long-term debt, revolving credit facility and finance lease obligations							(360.7		)	(1,096.8		)
Payments on debt financing costs	(4.9		)	—			—			(4.9		)
Purchase of treasury stock	(13.5		)	(48.2		)	(17.8		)	(13.5		)
Other, net	—			(0.4		)	(2.5		)	—
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(14.9	)	$	(74.3	)	$	(69.1	)	$	(14.9	)

For the three months ended March 30, 2019, net cash used in financing activities reflected the net payments of $70.6 million on our $2.3B Credit Facility and finance lease obligations; and treasury stock purchases of $17.8 million made due to the netting of common stock upon vesting of stock-based awards in order to satisfy individual statutory tax withholding requirements; partially offset by proceeds from exercises of employee stock options of $21.8 million.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, net cash used in financing activities reflected the refinancing of our previous $1.65 Billion Credit Facility to the $2.3 Billion Credit Facility of which the proceeds from the new credit facility were used to repay the previous facility of approximately $1.1 billion; treasury stock purchases of $13.5 million made due to the netting of common stock upon vesting of stock-based awards in order to satisfy individual statutory tax withholding requirements; partially offset by proceeds from exercises of employee stock options of $20.0 million. For the three months ended April 1, 2017, cash used in financing activities reflected treasury stock purchases of $48.2 million made pursuant to our authorized stock repurchase program and the netting of common stock upon vesting of stock-based awards in order to satisfy individual statutory tax withholding requirements; net payments of $45.4 million on our long-term debt, revolving credit facility, and capital lease obligations; partially offset by proceeds from exercises of employee stock options of $19.7 million.

Contractual Commitments and Obligations

The disclosure of our contractual commitments and obligations was reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal ~~2017.~~2018. There have been no material changes from the contractual commitments and obligations previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal ~~2017~~2018 other than the changes described in Note 2, “Business Acquisitions,” Note 7, “Fair Value,” Note 9, “Long-Term Debt and ~~Capital~~Finance Lease Obligations,” Note 16, “Leases,” and Note ~~15,~~17, “Commitments and Contingencies” in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March ~~31, 2018,~~30, 2019, we did not have any significant off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K promulgated under the Exchange Act, except as disclosed below.

~~MPI Research~~ Citoxlab

On February ~~12, 2018,~~13, 2019, we ~~entered into~~announced that we signed a ~~definitive agreement~~binding offer to acquire ~~MPI Research for approximately $800 million.~~Citoxlab. On April ~~3, 2018 we~~29, 2019, the Company acquired ~~MPI Research~~Citoxlab for ~~approximately $800~~€448 million in cash (or approximately $500 million), subject to certain post-closing adjustments. As

of March ~~31, 2018,~~30, 2019, if the acquisition was terminated under specified circumstances, we may have been required to pay a termination fee of ~~$48 million, increased to $56 million based on other specific circumstances.~~€18.2 million. Refer to Note 2 “Business ~~Acquisitions and Divestiture”~~Acquisitions” in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Venture Capital Investments

We invest in several venture capital funds that invest in start-up companies, primarily in the life sciences industry. Our total commitment to the funds as of March ~~31, 2018~~30, 2019 was ~~$108.4~~$124.4 million, of which we funded ~~$54.9~~$71.4 million through March ~~31, 2018.~~30, 2019. Refer to Note 6, “Venture Capital Investments” ~~in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements~~ in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Letters of Credit

Our off-balance sheet commitments related to our outstanding letters of credit as of March ~~31, 2018~~30, 2019 were ~~$4.9~~$6.5 million.

~~Senior Notes Offering~~

On April 3, 2018, we entered into an indenture with MUFG Union Bank, N.A., in connection with the offering of $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 5.5% Senior Notes due 2026 in an unregistered offering. Refer to Note 9, “Long-Term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations” in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported periods and related disclosures. These estimates and assumptions are monitored and analyzed by us for changes in facts and circumstances, and material changes in these estimates could occur in the future. We base our estimates on our historical experience, trends in the industry, and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from our estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe that our application of the following accounting policies, each of which require significant judgments and estimates on the part of management, are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results: (1) revenue recognition, (2) income taxes, (3) goodwill and intangible assets, (4) valuation and impairment of long-lived assets, (5) pension and other retirement benefit plans, and (6) stock-based compensation. Our significant accounting policies are described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ~~2017, with the exception of revenue recognition, which was updated upon the adoption of ASC 606 in the three month period ended March 31, 2018. Refer to~~2018 as well as Note ~~3, “Revenue From Contracts With Customers” in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements~~16, “Leases” in this Quarterly Report on Form ~~10-Q for our revenue recognition accounting policy.~~10-Q.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements please refer to Note 1, “Basis of Presentation,” ~~in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements~~ in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Other than as discussed in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation,” we did not adopt any other new accounting pronouncements during the three months ended March ~~31, 2018~~30, 2019 that had a significant effect on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates and currency exchange rates, which could affect our future results of operations and financial condition. We manage our exposure to these risks through our regular operating and financing activities.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to changes in interest rates while conducting normal business operations as a result of ongoing financing activities. As of March ~~31, 2018,~~30, 2019, our debt portfolio was comprised primarily of floating interest rate borrowings. A 100-basis point increase in interest rates would increase our annual pre-tax interest expense by ~~$10.9~~$10.6 million.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We operate on a global basis and have exposure to some foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations for our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

While the financial results of our global activities are reported in U.S. dollars, our foreign subsidiaries typically conduct their operations in their respective local currency. The principal functional currencies of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are the Euro, British Pound, Canadian Dollar, Chinese Yuan Renminbi, and Japanese Yen. During the three months ended March ~~31, 2018,~~30, 2019, the most significant drivers of foreign currency translation adjustment the Company recorded as part of ~~other~~Other comprehensive income (loss) were the Euro, British Pound, Canadian Dollar, and Chinese Yuan ~~Renminbi, and Japanese Yen.~~Renminbi.

Fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rates of the countries in which we do business will affect our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. As the U.S. dollar strengthens against other currencies, the value of our non-U.S. revenue, expenses, assets, liabilities, and cash flows will generally decline when reported in U.S. dollars. The impact to net income as a result of a U.S. dollar strengthening will be partially mitigated by the value of non-U.S. expenses, which will decline when reported in U.S. dollars. As the U.S. dollar weakens versus other currencies, the value of the non-U.S. revenue, expenses, assets, liabilities, and cash flows will generally increase when reported in U.S. dollars. For the three months ended March ~~31, 2018,~~30,

2019, our revenue would have ~~decreased~~increased by ~~approximately $20.3~~$19.4 million and our operating income would have ~~decreased~~increased by ~~approximately $1.5~~$0.5 million, if the U.S. dollar exchange rate had strengthened by 10.0%, with all other variables held constant.

We attempt to minimize this exposure by using certain financial instruments in accordance with our overall risk management and our hedge policy. We do not enter into speculative derivative agreements.

During the three months ended March ~~31, 2018,~~30, 2019, we ~~utilized~~entered into foreign exchange forward contracts ~~principally~~ to ~~hedge certain balance sheet exposures resulting from~~limit our foreign currency ~~fluctuations. No~~exposure related to both intercompany loans and a U.S. dollar denominated loan borrowed by a non-U.S. Euro functional currency entity under our $2.3B Credit Facility. We did not have any foreign currency contracts ~~were~~ open related to intercompany loans as of March ~~31, 2018.~~30, 2019.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on their evaluation, required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15, promulgated by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, are effective, at a reasonable assurance level, as of March ~~31, 2018,~~30, 2019, to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurances of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in designing and evaluating the controls and procedures.

(b) Changes in Internal Controls

The Company continued to execute a plan to centralize certain accounting transaction processing functions to internal shared service centers during the three months ended March ~~31, 2018.~~30, 2019. There were no other material changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 that occurred during the quarter ended March ~~31, 2018~~30, 2019 that materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Please refer to Note ~~15,~~17, “Commitments and Contingencies” in our notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ~~2017,~~2018, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, and/or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and/or operating results. There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ~~2017.~~2018, except as disclosed below.

We have in the past experienced and in the future could experience an unauthorized access into our information systems.

We operate large and complex information systems that contain significant amounts of client data. As a routine element of our business, we collect, analyze, and retain substantial amounts of data pertaining to the non-clinical studies we conduct for our clients. Unauthorized third parties could attempt to gain entry to such information systems for the purpose of stealing data or disrupting the systems. While we have taken measures to protect them from intrusion, in March 2019, we detected evidence that an unauthorized third party has accessed certain of our information systems and acquired data. The Company’s investigation is ongoing, but we believe that the incident is attributable to a sophisticated intruder. We are working with a leading data security firm to assist in our investigation, and are also coordinating with law enforcement authorities. The investigation indicates that the affected information included client information.

Our contracts with our clients typically contain provisions that require us to keep confidential the information generated from the studies we conduct. The unauthorized access detected, as well as any future breaches, could expose us to significant harm including termination of customer contracts, damage to our customer relationships, damage to our reputation and potential legal claims from customers, employees and others. In addition, we may face investigations by government regulators and agencies as a result of this incident or as a result of future incidents.

While the Company is in the process of implementing additional security safeguards, it is expected to take a number of months for all of these additional security safeguards to be fully implemented. While we have taken steps to limit the unauthorized third party’s access to our computer systems, we will be unable to determine that this matter has been entirely contained until the additional steps to secure our information systems have been fully implemented. In addition, there can be no assurance that the additional security safeguards will be successful. In the event that additional data is accessed prior to the full implementation of these additional security safeguards or in the event that such additional security safeguards are unsuccessful, we could suffer significant harm.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table provides information relating to the purchases of shares of our common stock during the three months ended March ~~31, 2018.~~30, 2019.

Total Number
of Shares
Purchased

Average
Price Paid
per Share

Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs

Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares
That May Yet Be
Purchased Under
the Plans or Programs
(in thousands)
December 31, 2017 to January 27, 2018 64,522
$ 106.97
—
$ 122,194
January 28, 2018 to February 24, 2018 19,948
109.15
—
120,016
February 25, 2018 to March 31, 2018 41,123
108.73
—
115,545
Total 125,593

—



	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
					(in thousands)
December 30, 2018 to January 26, 2019	—	$	—	—	$	129,105
January 27, 2019 to February 23, 2019	95,497	123.60		—	129,105
February 24, 2019 to March 30, 2019	41,443	143.76		—	129,105
Total	136,940			—

Our Board of Directors have authorized up to an aggregate amount of $1.3 billion for our stock repurchase program. During the three months ended March 30, 2019, we did not repurchase any shares of common stock under our stock repurchase program or in open market trading. As of March 30, 2019, we had $129.1 million remaining on the authorized stock repurchase program.

Additionally, our stock-based compensation plans permit the netting of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock, restricted stock units, and performance share units in order to satisfy individual statutory tax withholding requirements. ~~As of March 31, 2018, we had $115.5 million remaining on the authorized stock repurchase program.~~

Item 6. Exhibits



(a) Exhibits		Description of Exhibits
~~4.1~~2.1		~~Charles River Laboratories International, Inc. Indenture~~Share Sale and Purchase Agreement ~~with MUFG Union Bank, N.A. as Trustee~~ dated April ~~3, 2018~~
~~4.2~~		~~Charles River Laboratories International, Inc. First Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 3, 2018 to the Indenture dated as of April 3, 2018~~
~~10.1~~		~~Charles River Laboratories International, Inc. Eighth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated March 26, 2018~~
~~10.2+~~		~~Charles River Laboratories International, Inc. 2018 Incentive Plan dated March 20, 2018~~27, 2019
31.1+		Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive ~~Officer.~~Officer
31.2+		Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial ~~Officer.~~Officer
32.1+		Certification of the Principal Executive Officer and the Principal Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) of 15d-14(a) of the Exchange ~~Act.~~Act
101.INS		eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) Instance ~~Document.~~Document
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema ~~Document.~~Document
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase ~~Document.~~Document
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase ~~Document.~~Document
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase ~~Document.~~Document
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase ~~Document.~~Document

+ Furnished herein.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



		CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

	May ~~10, 2018~~7, 2019	/s/ JAMES C. FOSTER
		James C. Foster Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

	May ~~10, 2018~~7, 2019	/s/ DAVID R. SMITH
		David R. Smith Corporate Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

3945



	August 4, 2017
	(in thousands)
Trade receivables (contractual amount of $1,146)	$	1,146
Other current assets (excluding cash)	640
Property, plant and equipment	664
Other long-term assets	29
Definite-lived intangible assets	9,300
Goodwill	11,762
Current liabilities	(863		)
Deferred revenue	(405		)
Long-term liabilities	(2,151		)
Total purchase price allocation	$	20,122



Assets
Current assets	$	5,505
Property, plant and equipment, net	11,174
Goodwill	35,857
Long-term assets	17,154
Total assets	$	69,690
Liabilities
Deferred revenue	$	4,878
Other current liabilities	1,158
Total liabilities	$	6,036



			Adjustments to Goodwill
	December 30, 2017		Acquisitions		Foreign Exchange		March 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
RMS	$	58,122	$	—	$	706	$	58,828
DSA	605,176		18,165		8,854		632,195
Manufacturing	141,608		—		3,305		144,913
Total	$	804,906	$	18,165	$	12,865	$	835,936



	March 31, 2018
	Severance and Transition Costs		Asset Impairments		Total
	(in thousands)
Cost of services provided and products sold (excluding amortization of intangible assets)	$	353	$	515	$	868
Selling, general and administrative	170		—		170
Total	$	523	$	515	$	1,038