UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period endedMarch 31, 2020

or

For the transition period from ___________ to ___________

Commission File Number0-11668

INRAD OPTICS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

(201) 767-1910

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code

Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes      x     No       ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes      x No       ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.     ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes ¨ No x

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding, $0.01 par value, as of May 14, 2020,13, 2021, was 13,730,57713,820,328.

INRAD OPTICS, INC AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

INRAD OPTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

INRAD OPTICS, INC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

INRAD OPTICS, INC.INC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITYOPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

INRAD OPTICS, INCINC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSSHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

INRAD OPTICS, INC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

INRAD OPTICS, INC AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)(Unaudited)

NOTE 1- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Inrad Optics, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”).  All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X.  Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.  In the opinion of management, all adjustments of a normal recurring nature considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.  The results of operations of any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full fiscal year.  For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.2020.

In preparing these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company has evaluated events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure through the date the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were issued.

Management Estimates

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses reported in those financial statements. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, and makes adjustments when facts and circumstances dictate.  As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates and assumptions.  Significant changes, if any, in those estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the consolidated financial statements in future periods.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are carried at net realizable value, net of write-offs and allowances. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on estimates as to the collectability of accounts receivable. Management specifically analyzes past-due accounts receivable balances and, additionally, considers bad debt history, customer credit-worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment terms when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. Uncollectible accounts receivable are written-off when it is determined that the balance will not be collected. Reserves for uncollectible accounts receivable are recorded as part of selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, and were $45,000$91,000 at March 31, 2020,2021, and $15,000 at December 31, 2019.2020.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in-first-out basis) and net realizable value. The Company records a reserve for slow moving inventory as a charge against earnings for all products identified as surplus, slow-moving or discontinued. Excess work-in-process costs are charged against earnings whenever estimated costs-of-completion exceed unbilled revenues.

Inventories are comprised of the following and are shown net of inventory reserves of $2,459,000$2,779,000 and $2,489,000 at March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively:

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statements carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect in the year in which the differences are expected to reverse.

In evaluating the Company’s ability to recover deferred tax assets in future periods, management considers the available positive and negative factors, including the Company’s recent operating results, the existence of cumulative losses and near termnear-term forecasts of future taxable income consistent with the plans and estimates that management uses to manage the underlying business. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the cumulative loss incurred by the Company over the three yearthree-year period ended December 31, 2019.2020. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence such as our projections for future growth.

On the basis of this evaluation as of March 31, 2020,2021, the Company’s management concluded that it is more likely than not that the Company will not be able to realize any portion of the benefit on the net deferred tax asset balance of$3,405,000 $3,585,000 and therefore the Company continues to maintain a valuation allowance for the full amount of the net deferred tax asset balance. When sufficient positivepositive evidence exists, the Company’s income tax expense will be charged with the increase or decrease in its valuation allowance. An increase or reversal of the Company’s valuation allowance could have a significant negative or positive impact on the Company’s future earnings.

For the three months ended March 31, 20202021, the Company did not record a current provision for income taxes due to the permanent difference related to loan forgiveness and 2019,the availability of net operating loss carryforwards to offset taxable income for both income tax and financial reporting purposes.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company did not record a current provision for either state tax or federal tax due to the losses incurred for both income tax and financial reporting purposes.

Net Income (Loss) per Common Share

Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares and common stock equivalents outstanding, calculated on the treasury stock method for options, stock grants and warrants using the average market prices during the period, including potential common shares issuable upon conversion of outstanding convertible notes, except if the effect on the per share amounts is anti-dilutive.

For the three months ended March 31, 20202021, 2,500,000 common shares and 2019,1,875,000 common shares from warrants issuable upon conversion of outstanding related party convertible notes were excluded from the computation of basic and diluted net income per common share because their effect is anti-dilutive. In addition, 476,300 shares were excluded from basic and diluted net income per common share because their effect is anti-dilutive.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, all common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because their effect is anti-dilutive. This included 2,500,000 common shares and 1,875,000 common shares from warrants issuable upon conversion of outstanding related party convertible notes. In addition, 1,160,567 and 1,228,267 common stock options in each respective period, were excluded from the computation of basic and diluted net income per common share because their effect is anti-dilutive.

A reconciliation of the shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share is as follows:

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is estimated at the grant date based on the fair value of the award. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of restricted stock units granted is based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. The fair value of these awards, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, is amortized over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting period.

Recent Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" (“ASU 2016-13”) which amended guidance on the accounting for credit losses on financial instruments within its scope. The guidance introduces an expected loss model for estimating credit losses, replacing the incurred loss model. The new guidance also changes the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities, requiring the use of an allowance to record estimated credit losses (and subsequent recoveries). The new guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning in 2023, with earlier application permitted in 2019.permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016,December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (ASC 842), and subsequently issued updates as part of ASU 2018-11, “Leases, Targeted Improvements.” The new2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This guidance requires organizations that lease assets with lease terms of more than 12 months to recognize assets and liabilitieswill be effective for entities for the rightsfiscal years, and obligations created byinterim periods within those leasesfiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, on their balance sheets. The Company adopted ASC 842, effective January 1, 2019. The Company entered into an amendment and extension of its building lease on July 8, 2019, retroactive to June 1, 2019, and accordingly recorded an initial right-of-use asset of $0.8 million. See Note 11a. Lease Commitments.a prospective basis, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 842 and ASU 2018-11this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s statements of operations or cash flows.consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018,August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation: Improvements to Nonemployee Shared-Based Payment Accounting. The2020-06, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. This ASU update expandsis intended to simplify the scopecomplexity associated with applying generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for certain financial instruments with characteristics of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactionsliabilities and equity. This guidance is effective for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees.the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2018-07 effective January��1, 2019. Thedoes not expect the adoption did notof this guidance will have a material impact on itsthe Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.statements.

NOTE 2 – REVENUE

The Company’s revenues are comprised of product sales as well as products and services provided under long-term government contracts with its customers. All revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligation(s) under the contract (either implicit or explicit) by transferring the promised product or service to its customer either when (or as) its customer obtains control of the product or service. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct product or service to a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation. The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer products or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and, therefore, not distinct. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using the Company’s best estimate of a standalone selling price for each distinct product or service in the contract, which is generally based on an observable price.

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products or providing services. As such, revenue is recorded net of returns, allowances, customer discounts, and incentives. Sales, value add, and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net (excluded from revenues) basis. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of goods sold.

The Company’s performance obligations under long-term government contracts are generally satisfied over time. Revenue from products or services transferred to customers under these performance obligations accounted for approximately 0%1.5% and 3.6%0.0% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively. This revenue is generally recognized using an input measure based upon the proportion of actual costs incurred to estimated total project costs, which is a method used to best depict the Company’s performance to date under the terms of the contract.

Accounting for these long-term government contracts involves the use of various techniques to estimate total revenue and costs. The Company estimates profit on these long-term government contracts as the difference between total estimated revenue and expected costs to complete a contract and recognizes that profit over the life of the contract. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that may span several years. These assumptions include, among other things, labor productivity, costs and availability of materials, and timing of funding by the U.S. government. The nature of these long-term agreements may give rise to several types of variable consideration, such as claims, awards and incentive fees. Historically, these amounts of variable consideration are not considered significant. Additionally, contract estimates may include additional revenue for submitted contract modifications if there exists an enforceable right to the modification, the amount can be reasonably estimated and its realization is probable. These estimates are based on historical collection experience, anticipated performance, and the Company’s best judgement at the time. These amounts are generally included in the contract’s transaction price and are allocated over the remaining performance obligations. Changes in judgments on these above estimates could impact the timing and amount of revenue recognized with a resulting impact on the timing and amount of associated income. Under these long-term government contracts, the Company may receive payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules; accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. In the event a contract loss becomes known, the entire amount of the estimated loss is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The majority of the Company’s revenue is from products and services transferred to customers at a point in time and was approximately 100%98.5% and 96.4%100.0% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively. The Company recognizes revenue at the point in time in which the customer obtains control of the product or service, which is generally when product title passes to the customer upon shipment. In limited cases, title does not transfer and revenue is not recognized until the customer has received the products at its physical location.

The following table summarizes the Company’s sales by market area:

Net sales by timing of transfers of goods and services is as follows:

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed receivables, costs in excess of billings (contract assets), and billings in excess of costs (contract liabilities, previously deferred revenue) on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Contract liabilities also include customer advances or prepayments. Costs in excess of billings and billings in excess of costs associated with long-term government contracts were not significant at March 31, 20202021 or 2019.2020. At March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, thethere was no remaining revenue to be recognized from the long-term government contracts was $0 and $94,000, respectively.contracts.

On March 31, 2020,2021, the Company had approximately $6.3$7.9 million of performance obligations, which is also referred to as backlog. Approximately 3.0%17.0% of the March 31, 20202021, backlog is related to projects that will extend beyond March 31, 2021.2022.

NOTE 3- EQUITY COMPENSATION PROGRAM AND STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

The Company's results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, include stock-based compensation expense for stock option grants totaling $27,980$29,303 and $29,375,27,980, respectively. The following table shows the amounts for stock-based compensation included in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expense for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019:2020:

As of March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, there were $181,000$211,000 and $282,000$181,000 of unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to non-vested stock options, which are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.12 years1.57 and 1.961.12 years, respectively.

There were 200,000 stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2021, and 22,500 stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2020, and 185,000 stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2019.2020. The following range of weighted-average assumptions were used to determine the fair value of stock option grants during the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019:2020:

The following table represents stock options granted, exercised and forfeited during the three months ended March 31, 2020:2021:

The following table represents non-vested stock options granted, vested and forfeited for the three months ended March 31, 2020:

NOTE 4 - STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The Company approved a matching contribution to participants in the Inrad Optics 401k Plan (the “Plan”) for the year ended December 31, 2019,2020, in February 2020. 89,7512021. 142,329 common shares of Inrad Optics, Inc. and cash of $42,000 are to be contributed to the Plan in May, 2020.2021.

NOTE 5 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

On April 12, 2018,July 22, 2020, the maturity dates of a $1,500,000 Subordinated Convertible Promissory Note to Clarex Limited (“Clarex”) and a $1,000,000 Subordinated Convertible Promissory Note to an affiliate of Clarex were each extended to April 1, 20212024, from April 1, 2018.2021. The notes bear interest at an annual rate of 6%. Interest accrues yearly and is payable on maturity. Unpaid interest, along with principal, may be converted into securities of the Company as follows: the notes are convertible in the aggregate into 1,500,000 units and 1,000,000 units, respectively, with each unit consisting of one share of common stock and one warrant. Each warrant allows the holder to acquire 0.75 shares of common stock at a price of $1.35 per share. As part of the agreement to extend the maturity date of the notes, the expiration dates of the warrants were extended from April 1, 2022 to April 1, 2024. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had accrued interest in the amount of $150,000 associated with these notes.2027.

NOTE 6 – OTHER LONG TERMLONG-TERM NOTES

Other Long TermLong-Term Notes consist of the following:

NOTE 7 – PAYROLL PROTECTION PROGRAM

On May 6, 2020, the Company received loans totalingloan proceeds of approximately $973,000 (the “PPP Loan”), under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). The PPP was established as part of the 2020 Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Stability Act. Please referSecurity Act (“CARES Act”) which was enacted March 27, 2020. The PPP Loan, which is in the form of a promissory note, dated May 4, 2020, issued by the Company, matures on May 4, 2022, and bears interest at a rate of 1.0% per annum.

The CARES Act and the PPP provide a mechanism for forgiveness of up to Note 9, “Subsequent Events”the full amount borrowed. The amount of these condensed consolidated financial statementsloan proceeds eligible for additional details.forgiveness is based on a formula that takes into account a number of factors, including the amount of loan proceeds used by the Company during the 24-week period after the loan origination for certain eligible purposes including payroll costs, interest on certain mortgage obligations, rent payments on certain leases, and certain qualified utility payments, provided that at least 60% of the loan amount is used for eligible payroll costs; the employer maintaining or rehiring employees and maintaining salaries at certain levels; and other factors. Subject to the other requirements and limitations on loan forgiveness, only loan proceeds spent on payroll and other eligible costs during a covered eight-week or twenty-four-week period qualify for forgiveness. Any forgiveness of the PPP Loan is subject to approval by the Small Business. At December 31, 2020, the PPP Loan is included in other long-term notes on the accompanying balance sheet.

On January 19, 2021, the Company received notification from the Small Business Association that the Company’s Forgiveness Application of the PPP Loan and accrued interest, totaling $980,000, was approved in full, and the Company had no further obligations related to the PPP Loan. Accordingly, the Company recorded a gain on the forgiveness of the PPP Loan.

NOTE 78 – LEASE AMENDMENT

The Company entered into an amendment and extension of its building lease on July 8, 2019, retroactive to June 1, 2019. Under the guidance of ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), the Company determines if such an arrangement contains a lease and whether that lease meets the classification criteria of a finance or operating lease at inception of the arrangement.  The Company determined that this lease is an operating lease and presented as a right-of-use lease asset, short term lease liability and long termlong-term lease liability on the consolidated balance sheet.  These assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate.

Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is included in cost of sales and general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statement of operations.

An initial right-of-use asset of $0.8 million was recognized as a non-cash asset addition with the signing of the July 8, 2019, office lease. Cash paid for amounts included in the present value of operating lease liability was $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, and is included in operating cash flows.

Operating lease costs were $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively.

NOTE 89 – IMPACT OF COVID-19

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the global novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) a pandemic. The Company’s operations are considered essential business under the Executive Orders of New Jersey’s Governor and the Company’s operations have been identified ascritical infrastructure, as defined by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Companies aligned with the essential critical infrastructure workforce definition have a special responsibility to maintain normal work schedules. We are conducting our business to ensure the safety of our employees and associates actively and earnestly, following all best practice CDC guidelines for prevention in the workplace. We have applied social distancing in our operations and implemented a connected, remote workforce where practicable. WeOur operations are considered essential business under the Executive Orders of New Jersey’s Governor, and we cannot predict what further actions may be required by federal, state, or local authorities in the future. Nor can we predict what actions these mandates may have on our customers and suppliers, operating results, or financial condition. However we willsuppliers. We continue to actively monitor the situation and may be required to take further actions that alter our business operations or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, partners, suppliers and partners.shareholders.  The Company has taken additional steps to protect our employees in the event of infection in our offices and production facility and continues to enhance its business continuity plans.

NOTE 9 – SUBSEQUENT EVENT

On May 6, 2020, Inrad Optics, Inc. (the “Borrower” or the “Company”) received loan (the “PPP Loan”) proceeds of approximately $973,000, under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). The PPP was established as parttotal impact of the Coronavirus Aid, Reliefglobal emergence of COVID-19 on our business and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) which was enacted March 27, 2020. The PPP Loan, which is in the form of a Note dated May 4, 2020, issued by the Borrower, maturesfinancial results are not completely known, and we cannot predict what impact it may have on May 4, 2022, and bears interest at a rate of 1.0% per annum, payable monthly commencing on December 4, 2020.

The CARES Actour continuing operations and the PPP provide a mechanism for forgiveness of upeffect to the full amount borrowed. The amount of loan proceeds eligible for forgiveness is based on a formula that takes into account a number of factors, including the amount of loan proceeds used by the Company during the eight-week period after the loan origination for certain eligible purposes including payroll costs, interest on certain mortgage obligations, rent payments on certain leases, and certain qualified utility payments, provided that at least 75% of the loan amount is used for eligible payroll costs; the employer maintaining or rehiring employees and maintaining salaries at certain levels; and other factors. Subject to the other requirements and limitations on loan forgiveness, only loan proceeds spent on payroll and other eligible costs during the covered eight-week period will qualify for forgiveness. The Company intends to use the entire loan amount for qualifying expenses. Any forgiveness of the PPP Loan will be subject to approval by the SBA, and no assurance is provided that the Company will obtain forgiveness of the PPP Loan in whole or in part.

our financial results. 

Caution Regarding Forward Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the federal securities laws. The Company wishes to insureensure that any forward-looking statements are accompanied by meaningful cautionary statements in order to comply with the terms of the safe harbor provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The events described in the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report may not occur. Generally, these statements relate to business plans or strategies, projected or anticipated benefits or other consequences of the Company’s plans or strategies, projected or anticipated benefits of acquisitions made by the Company, projections involving anticipated revenues, earnings, or other aspects of the Company’s operating results. The words “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “project,” “plan,” “intend,” “estimate,” and “continue,” and their opposites and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The Company cautions you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance or events and are subject to a number of uncertainties, risks, and other influences, many of which are beyond the Company’s control, that may influence the accuracy of the statements and the projections upon which the statements are based. Factors which may affect the Company’s results include, but are not limited to, the risks and uncertainties discussed in Items 1A, 7 and 7A of the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019,2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 14, 2020.March 31, 2021. Any one or more of these uncertainties, risks, and other influences could materially affect the Company’s results of operations and whether forward-looking statements made by the Company ultimately prove to be accurate. Readers are further cautioned that the Company’s financial results can vary from quarter to quarter, and the financial results for any period may not necessarily be indicative of future results. The foregoing is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements made by the Company. The Company’s actual results, performance and achievements could differ materially from those expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward lookingforward-looking statements, whether from new information, future events, or otherwise.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and further discussed in our annual financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.2020. In preparing our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, we made estimates and judgments that affect the results of our operations and the value of assets and liabilities we report. Our inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in-first-out basis) and net realizable value. The Company records a reserve for slow moving inventory as a charge against earnings for all products identified as surplus, slow-moving or discontinued. Excess work-in-process costs are charged against earnings whenever estimated costs-of-completion exceed unbilled revenues. The Company’s estimates also include the amount and timing of future taxable income in determining the valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

For additional information regarding our critical accounting policies and estimates, see the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our annual report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.2020.

Impact of COVID-19

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the global novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) a pandemic. The Company’s operations are considered essential business under the Executive Orders of New Jersey’s Governor and the Company’s operations have been identified ascritical infrastructure, as defined by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Companies aligned with the essential critical infrastructure workforce definition have a special responsibility to maintain normal work schedules. We are conducting our business to ensure the safety of our employees and associates actively and earnestly, following all best practice CDC guidelines for prevention in the workplace. We have applied social distancing in our operations and implemented a connected, remote workforce where practicable. WeOur operations are considered essential business under the Executive Orders of New Jersey’s Governor, and we cannot predict what further actions may be required by federal, state, or local authorities in the future. Nor can we predict what actions these mandates may have on our customers and suppliers, however we willsuppliers. We continue to actively monitor the situation and may be required to take further actions that alter our business operations or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, partners, suppliers and partners. Theshareholders.  It is not clear what the potential effects any such alterations or modifications may have on our business, including the effects on our financial results.

Sales in the three months ended March 31, 2021 have improved over sales for the three months ended March 31, 2020, due in part to the stronger bookings in 2020. Total sales for the year ended December 31, 2020 were negatively impacted by business factors resulting from COVID-19 and governmental restrictions, including disruptions to our customers’ and suppliers’ operations. Our sales and marketing efforts were negatively impacted due to travel and other operational restrictions. While the Company has taken additional stepsseen improved results, the total impact of the global emergence of COVID-19 on our business and financial results are not completely known, and we cannot predict what impact it may have on our continuing operations and the effect to protect our employees in the event of infection in our offices and production facility and continues to enhance its business continuity plans.financial results. 

Results of Operations

Inrad Optics, Inc.’s business falls into two main categories: is a vertically integrated optical components and subsystems manufacturer focused in three areas: Crystal-based Optical Components and Laser Devices/Instrumentation.Assemblies, Custom Optical Components from both glass and metal, and Optical and Opto-mechanical assemblies.

The Crystal-based Optical Components and Devices category includes the growth and fabrication of crystalline materials with electro-optic (EO) and non-linear optical properties for use in both standard and custom products. The majority of crystal components and assemblies manufactured are used in laser systems, defense EO systems, medical lasers and R&D applications by engineers within corporations, universities and national laboratories.

The Optical Components category isand Assembly categories are focused on custom optics manufacturing. The Company specializes in high-end precision components.components and assemblies. It develops, manufactures and delivers precision custom optics, optical assemblies and thin film optical coating servicesopto-mechanical assemblies through its Custom and Metal Opticsadvanced manufacturing operations. Glass, metal, and crystalsingle-crystal substrates are processed using complex processes and techniques to manufacture components, deposit optical thin films, and assemble sub-components used in advanced photonic systems. The majority of custom optical components and optical coating services suppliedassemblies, along with thin film coatings, are used in inspection applications, process control systems, defense and aerospace electro-optical systems, laser system applications, industrial scanners, and medical system applications.

The Laser Devices/Instrumentation category includes the growth and fabrication of crystalline materials with electro-optic (EO) and non-linear optical properties for use in both standard and custom products. This category also includes the manufactured crystal based devices and associated instrumentation. The majority of crystals, crystal components and laser devices manufactured are used in laser systems, defense EO systems, medical lasers and R&D applications by engineers within corporations, universities and national laboratories.

The Company operates a manufacturing facility in Northvale, New Jersey and has its corporate offices in the same location.

Revenue

Sales for the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, were $2.0$2.8 million, a decreasean increase of 21.2%35.6%, or $0.6$0.7 million, compared to $2.6$2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.2020.

Sales to the defense/aerospace market decreasedincreased by $0.2$0.4 million or 24%48.7% to $0.8$1.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, compared to $1.0$0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.2020. The decreaseincrease in sales in the defense/aerospace market is attributable to production delaysreflects stronger demand in completing two large contracts.this market.

Process control and metrology (“PC&M”) sales were $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, an increase of $0.3 million, or 27.0%, from $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, a decrease of $0.3 million, or 24.3%, from $1.1 million2020. The increase in demand, particularly in the semi-conductor industry, has contributed to the increase in sales in the PC&M market for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The continued reduction in demand for certain products in our PC&M market and the delayed delivery schedules from certain customers, particularly in the semi-conductor industry, negatively impacted the sales for2021, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to March 31, 2019.2020.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019,2021, sales to customers in the laser systems market were $0.1 million, compared to $0.3 million.million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Sales were flat year over year, as increased salesdeclined due to customers were offset by reduced deliveries of electro-optical crystals to a certainone customer.

Sales to customers in the Scientific/R&D market were $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $0.2 million for three months ended March 31, 2019.2020. The decreaseincrease in sales in the Scientific/R&D market is attributable to the completion of a federal government R&D contract in the latter part of 2019.

Forreceived during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

For each of the three-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, only one customer represented 10% or more of revenues. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, there were two customers that represented 10.0% or more of total sales.

The Company’s top five customers represented 49.7%51.5% of sales in the three monththree-month period ended March 31, 2020,2021, compared to 46.1%49.7% in the same period in 2019.2020.

Orders booked during the first three months of 2020,2021, totaled $3.1$4.7 million, compared to $1.9$3.1 million for the same period last year.year, an increase of 51.5%. Order backlog at March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, was $6.3$7.9 million and $5.7$6.3 million, respectively.

Cost of Goods Sold

For the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, cost of goods sold was $2.0 million, and $1.6 million, or 70.8% and $2.0 million, or 79.7% and 75.2% of total revenues, respectively. The impact of increased labor and service costs, as well as manufacturing overhead, resulted in an increase in costsCost of goods sold increased as a result of higher sales year over year, but decreased as a percentage of sales.sales overall. The decrease as a percentage of sales is due largely to a reduction in inventory adjustments, overhead and other manufacturing related costs.

Gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, was $0.8 million or 29.2% of sales, compared to $0.4 million or 20.3% of sales, compared to $0.6 million or 24.8% of sales in the same quarter last year.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A” expenses) in the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, amounted to $0.6 million, or 21.9% of sales compared to $0.7 million, or 34.7%, of sales, compared to $0.6 million, or 24.7%, for the same period a year ago. The increasedecrease in SG&A expenses reflects costs related toa reduction in the Company’s continued investment in sales, an increase in legal and accounting fees, and charges related to uncollectible accounts, benefits costs, and sales and marketing costs, offset by a decreasean increase in outside services for temporary employeesinsurance and a reduction in other general and administrative expenses.sales commissions.

Income (Loss) from Operations

The Company incurredhad operating income of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared with a net loss from operations of $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared with an2020. The increase in operating income of $0.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease in income primarily reflects the impact of the Company’s lowerhigher sales in the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, compared to the same period last year, coupled with a reduction in related cost of goods sold and SG&A costs.

Other Income and Expense(Expense)

Other income reflects the gain on the forgiveness of the PPP loan of $1.0 million. There was no significant change in net interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, compared to the same period in 2019, as there was no significant change in the Company’s borrowing level.2020.

Income Taxes

For the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, the Company did not record a current provision for income taxes due to the permanent difference related to loan forgiveness and 2019,the availability of net operating loss carryforwards to offset taxable income for both income tax and financial reporting purposes. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company did not record a current provision for either state tax or federal alternative minimum tax due to the losses incurred for both income tax and financial reporting purposes.

Net Income (Loss)

The Company had net income of $1.1 million for the three months ended March 30, 2021, compared to a net loss of $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to a net loss of $0.0 million for2020. The result reflect higher sales, lower SG&A costs, and the three months ended March 31, 2019. The higher net loss primarily reflectsgain resulting from the decrease in sales for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to the 2019 period, combined with related cost of goods sold and increased SG&A expenses.PPP loan forgiveness.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s primary source of liquidity is cash and cash equivalents and on-going collection of accounts receivable. The Company’s major use of cash in recent years has been for financing operations, for payment of accrued and current interest on convertible debt, for servicing of long termlong-term debt, and for capital expenditures.

As of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $0.8$1.0 million and $1.0$1.1 million, respectively.

The Company occupies approximately 42,000 square feet of space located at 181 Legrand Avenue, Northvale, New Jersey pursuant to a net lease which was amended on July 8, 2019, retroactive to June 1, 2019, for an additional three yearthree-year term. Under the terms of the lease, the Company is obligated for all real estate taxes, maintenance and operating costs of the facility.

On April 12, 2018,July 22, 2020, the maturity dates of a $1,500,000 Subordinated Convertible Promissory Note to Clarex Limited (“Clarex”) and a $1,000,000 Subordinated Convertible Promissory Note to an affiliate of Clarex were each extended to April 1, 20212024, from April 1, 2018.2021. The notes bear interest at an annual rate of 6%. Interest accrues yearly and is payable on maturity. Unpaid interest, along with principal, may be converted into securities of the Company as follows: the notes are convertible in the aggregate into 1,500,000 units and 1,000,000 units, respectively, with each unit consisting of one share of common stock and one warrant. Each warrant allows the holder to acquire 0.75 shares of common stock at a price of $1.35 per share. As part of the agreement to extend the maturity date of the notes, the expiration dates of the warrants were extended from April 1, 2022 to April 1, 2024. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had accrued interest in the amount of $150,000 associated with these notes.2027.

The following table summarizes net cash (used in) operating, investing and financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019:2020:

Net cash used in operating activities was $29,000$70,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, compared to net cash provided by operationsused in operating activities of $2,000$29,000 in the same period last year. The net cash used in operating activities in the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, resulted primarily from operating losses as well as reductionsincome, a reduction in inventories, and an increase in accounts payable, offset by the gain on the forgiveness of the PPP loan, an increase in accounts receivable and increasesa reduction in accounts payable and contract liabilities.

Net cash used in investing activities was $82,000$14,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, compared to $97,000$82,000 in the same period last year reflecting capital expenditures in both periods.

Overall, cash and cash equivalents decreased by $ 83,000 and $116,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, and decreased $99,000 in the period ending March 31, 2019.respectively.

On May 6, 2020, the Company received loan proceeds of approximately $973,000 (the “PPP Loan”), under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). The PPP was established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) which was enacted March 27, 2020. The PPP Loan, which is in the form of a Notepromissory note, dated May 4, 2020, issued by the Borrower,Company, matures on May 4, 2022, and bears interest at a rate of 1.0% per annum, payable monthly commencingannum.

The CARES Act and the PPP provide a mechanism for forgiveness of up to the full amount borrowed. The amount of loan proceeds eligible for forgiveness is based on December 4, 2020.a formula that takes into account a number of factors, including the amount of loan proceeds used by the Company during the 24-week period after the loan origination for certain eligible purposes including payroll costs, interest on certain mortgage obligations, rent payments on certain leases, and certain qualified utility payments, provided that at least 60% of the loan amount is used for eligible payroll costs; the employer maintaining or rehiring employees and maintaining salaries at certain levels; and other factors. Subject to the other requirements and limitations on loan forgiveness, only loan proceeds spent on payroll and other eligible costs during thea covered eight-week or twenty-four-week period will qualify for forgiveness. The Company intends to use the entire loan amount for qualifying expenses. Any forgiveness of the PPP Loan will beis subject to approval by the SBA, and no assuranceSmall Business. At December 31, 2020, the PPP Loan is providedincluded in other long-term notes on the accompanying balance sheet.

On January 19, 2021, the Company received notification from the Small Business Association that the Company will obtain forgivenessCompany’s Forgiveness Application of the PPP Loan and accrued interest, totaling $980,000, was approved in whole orfull, and the Company had no further obligations related to the PPP Loan. Accordingly, the Company recognized a gain from forgiveness on PPP Loan in part.the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Management believes, based on the Company’s operations and its existing working capital resources together with existing cash flows, that the Company has sufficient cash flows to fund operations through at least May 14, 2021.13, 2022.

The Company is a smaller reporting company and not required to provide the information required under this item.

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of March 31, 20202021 (the “Evaluation Date”), have concluded that as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act (1) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and (2) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

None.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.