UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

(Mark one)

xQUARTERLY REPORT UNDERPURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 20202021

Or

 

¨TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from ________ to _________

 

Commission file number:000-33123

 

China Automotive Systems, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware 33-0885775
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or (I.R.S. employer identification number)Employer Identification No.)
organization)  

 

No. 1 Henglong Road, Yu Qiao Development Zone, Shashi District

Jing Zhou City, Hubei Province, the People’s Republic of China

(Address of principal executive offices)

 

(86) 716- 412- 7901
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each classTrading symbolName of each exchange on which
registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par valueCAASThe Nasdaq Capital Market

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

 

Yes           x          No           ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

 

Yes           x           No          ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer¨Accelerated filer¨
Non-accelerated filerx

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company 

x

Emerging growth company

¨

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

 

Yes           ¨           No           x

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each classTrading symbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par valueCAASThe Nasdaq Capital Market

As of June 23, 2020,May 12, 2021, the Company had 31,174,04530,851,776 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

 

 

 

 

 

CHINA AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS, INC.

 

INDEX

 

   Page
    
 Part I — Financial Information 4
    
Item 1.Unaudited Financial Statements. 4
 Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 20202021 and 20192020 4
 Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 5
 Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 20202021 and 20192020 6
 Notes to Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements 7
Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. 2021
Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. 32
Item 4.Controls and Procedures. 32
    
 Part II — Other Information 33
    
Item 1.Legal Proceedings. 3233
Item 1A.Risk Factors. 33
Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds. 33
Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities. 33
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures. 33
Item 5.Other Information. 33
Item 6.Exhibits. 34
    
Signatures   35

 

2

 

EXPLANATORY NOTE

As previously reported in the Company’s Form 8-K filed on May 11, 2020, the Company was unable to file its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 by the original deadline of May 15, 2020 due to circumstances related to COVID-19. The Company’s headquarters is located in Wuhan, Hubei Province, PRC, which is the epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic. Beginning in January 2020, Hubei Province was under strict quarantine control and travel was severely restricted. The Company’s operations in Hubei Province were largely suspended since January 31, 2020. In addition, the government of Hubei Province did not permit employees to return to work between January 23, 2020 and March 21, 2020. As a result of these factors, the Company has relied on the SEC order dated March 25, 2020 (Release No. 34-88465) to extend the due date for the filing of its Form 10-Q until June 29, 2020 (45 days after the original due date).

 

Cautionary Statement

 

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements relate to future events or the Company’s future financial performance. The Company has attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology including “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “can,” “continues,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “should” or “will” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including the matters set forth in this Quarterly Report or other reports or documents the Company files with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time, which could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those projected. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, the Company cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Undue reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. The Company’s expectations are as of the date this Form 10-Q is filed, and the Company does not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is filed to conform these statements to actual results, unless required by law. All of the forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to the factors discussed under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019,2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

3


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

 

China Automotive Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income

(In thousands of USD, except share and per share amounts)

 

 Three Months Ended March 31,  Three Months Ended March 31, 
 2020  2019  2021  2020 
Net product sales ($7,494 and $12,836 sold to related parties for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019) $73,555  $109,193 
Cost of products sold ($3,134 and $5,504 purchased from related parties for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019)  62,403   95,148 
Net product sales ($16,575 and $7,494 sold to related parties for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020) $130,341  $73,555 
Cost of products sold ($8,214 and $3,134 purchased from related parties for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020)  110,593   62,403 
Gross profit  11,152   14,045   19,748   11,152 
Gain on other sales  600   1,269   1,316   600 
Less: Operating expenses                
Selling expenses  2,118   3,085   5,609   2,118 
General and administrative expenses  3,429   4,590   4,615   3,429 
Research and development expenses  5,053   6,602   6,680   5,193 
Total operating expenses  10,600   14,277   16,904   10,740 
Income from operations  1,152   1,037   4,160   1,012 
Other income, net  117   1,407   1,723   117 
Interest expense  (365)  (568)  (343)  (365)
Financial expense, net  (531)  (665)  (239)  (531)
Income before income tax expenses and equity in (loss)/earnings of affiliated companies  373   1,211 
Less: Income taxes  514   198 
Equity in (loss)/earnings of affiliated companies  (347)  211 
Net (loss)/income  (488)  1,224 
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests  (533)  (243)
Net income attributable to parent company’s common shareholders $45  $1,467 
Income before income tax expenses and equity in loss of affiliated companies  5,301   233 
Less: Income taxes expense  (641)  (514)
Less: Equity in loss of affiliated companies  (1,429)  (347)
Net income/(loss)  3,231   (628)
Less: Net income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interests  18   (600)
Accretion to redemption value of redeemable non-controlling interests  (7)  - 
Net income/(loss) attributable to parent company’s common shareholders $3,206  $(28)
Comprehensive income:                
Net (loss)/income $(488) $1,224 
Net income/(loss) $3,231  $(628)
Other comprehensive income:                
Foreign currency translation (loss)/income, net of tax  (4,961)  6,363 
Comprehensive (loss)/income  (5,449)  7,587 
Comprehensive (loss)/income attributable to non-controlling interests  (897)  214 
Comprehensive (loss)/income attributable to parent company $(4,552) $7,373 
Foreign currency translation loss, net of tax  (2,271)  (4,961)
Comprehensive income/(loss)  960   (5,589)
Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests  (118)  (1,053)
Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to parent company $1,078  $(4,536)
                
Net income attributable to parent company’s common shareholders per share -        
Net income/(loss) attributable to parent company’s common shareholders per share -        
Basic $0.10  $- 
Diluted $0.10  $- 
                
Basic $-  $0.05 
        
Diluted $-  $0.05 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding -                
Basic  31,174,045   31,507,487   30,851,776   31,174,045 
Diluted  31,174,119   31,513,297   30,857,736   31,174,045 
        
Share-based compensation included in operating expense above is as follows:        
General and administrative expenses  88   - 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

4

 

 

China Automotive Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands of USD unless otherwise indicated)

 

 March 31, 2020  December 31, 2019  March 31, 2021  December 31, 2020 
ASSETS                
Current assets:                
Cash and cash equivalents $108,171  $76,708  $90,374  $97,248 
Pledged cash  24,398   29,688   31,663   30,813 
Accounts and notes receivable, net - unrelated parties  182,873   211,841   217,372   216,519 
Accounts and notes receivable - related parties  13,625   21,164   19,273   17,621 
Inventories  71,158   82,931   89,638   88,325 
Other current assets  16,885   18,833   30,963   25,132 
Total current assets  417,110   441,165   479,283   475,658 
Non-current assets:                
Property, plant and equipment, net  134,261   140,437   138,542   141,004 
Land use rights, net  10,121   10,346   10,626   10,774 
Long-term investments  40,790   39,642  ��45,518   49,766 
Other non-current assets  27,395   28,374   27,794   30,358 
Total assets $629,677  $659,964  $701,763  $707,560 
                
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY        
LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY        
Current liabilities:                
Short-term loans $44,057  $46,636  $46,193  $44,238 
Accounts and notes payable - unrelated parties  157,376   180,175   212,925   212,522 
Accounts and notes payable - related parties  8,391   6,492   10,984   12,730 
Accrued expenses and other payables  47,547   45,337   51,458   55,607 
Other current liabilities  24,115   25,134   27,216   29,387 
Total current liabilities  281,486   303,774   348,776   354,484 
Long-term liabilities:                
Long-term government loans  7,057   7,167 
Other long-term payable  3,938   4,948   35   1,126 
Long-term tax payable  26,693   26,693   23,884   23,884 
Other non-current liabilities  7,901   8,010   8,105   8,151 
Total liabilities $327,075  $350,592  $380,800  $387,645 
                
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 22)        
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 23)        
        
Mezzanine equity:        
Redeemable non-controlling interests  530   523 
                
Stockholders’ equity:                
Common stock, $0.0001 par value - Authorized - 80,000,000 shares; Issued - 32,338,302 and 32,338,302 shares
as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively
 $3  $3 
Common stock, $0.0001 par value - Authorized - 80,000,000 shares; Issued - 32,338,302 and 32,338,302 shares as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively $3  $3 
Additional paid-in capital  64,400   64,429   64,361   64,273 
Retained earnings-                
Appropriated  11,265   11,265   11,303   11,303 
Unappropriated  220,493   221,237   218,697   215,491 
Accumulated other comprehensive income  (8,059)  (3,462)  15,285   17,413 
Treasury stock -1,164,257 and 1,164,257 shares as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively  (4,261)  (4,261)
Treasury stock - 1,486,526 and 1,486,526 shares as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively  (5,261)  (5,261)
Total parent company stockholders' equity  283,841   289,211   304,388   303,222 
Non-controlling interests  18,761   20,161   16,045   16,170 
Total stockholders' equity  302,602   309,372   320,433   319,392 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $629,677  $659,964 
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and stockholders' equity $701,763  $707,560 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5

China Automotive Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands of USD unless otherwise indicated)

  Three Months Ended March 31, 
  2021  2020 
Cash flows from operating activities:        
Net income/(loss) $3,231  $(628)
Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) from operations to net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities:        
Share-based compensation  88   - 
Depreciation and amortization  6,544   5,101 
Reversal of credit losses  (177)  (1)
Deferred income taxes  (254)  (34)
Equity in loss of affiliated companies  1,429   347 
Government subsidy reclassified from government loans  -   287 
Loss on fixed assets disposals  9   52 
(Increase)/decrease in:        
Accounts and notes receivable  (3,972)  33,444 
Inventories  (1,934)  10,430 
Other current assets  (1,371)  (3,455)
Increase/(decrease) in:        
Accounts and notes payable  1,595   (18,032)
Accrued expenses and other payables  (4,135)  2,557 
Other current liabilities  (1,811)  (824)
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities  (758)  29,244 
Cash flows from investing activities:        
Increase in demand loans and employee housing loans included in other non-current assets  (33)  (212)
Repayment of loan from a related party  154   - 
Cash received from property, plant and equipment sales  51   242 
Payments to acquire property, plant and equipment (including $137 and $242 paid to related parties for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively)  (3,267)  (1,984)
Payments to acquire intangible assets  (112)  - 
Investment under the equity method  -   (2,579)
Purchase of short-term investments  (14,661)  - 
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments  9,873   5,781 
Cash received from long-term investment  2,237   448 
Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities  (5,758)  1,696 
Cash flows from financing activities:        
Proceeds from bank loans  12,569   14,368 
Repayments of bank loans  (10,086)  (16,247)
Repayments of the borrowing for sale and leaseback transaction  (1,107)  (1,028)
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities  1,376   (2,907)
Effects of exchange rate on cash, cash equivalents and pledged cash  (884)  (1,851)
Net (decrease)/increase in cash, cash equivalents and pledged cash  (6,024)  26,182 
Cash, cash equivalents and pledged cash at beginning of the period  128,061   106,403 
Cash, cash equivalents and pledged cash at end of the period $122,037  $132,585 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 


China Automotive Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands of USD unless otherwise indicated)

  Three Months Ended March 31, 
  2020  2019 
Cash flows from operating activities:        
Net (loss)/income $(488) $1,224 
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss)/income from operations to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities:        
Depreciation and amortization  5,100   3,987 
Reversal of provision for doubtful accounts  (1)  (355)
Deferred income taxes  (34)  (84)
Equity in loss/(earnings) of affiliated companies  347   (211)
Government subsidy reclassified from government loans  287   - 
Loss on fixed assets disposals  52   - 
(Increase)/decrease in:        
Accounts and notes receivable  33,303   (1,977)
Inventories  10,430   (121)
Other current assets  (3,455)  2,387 
Increase/(decrease) in:        
Accounts and notes payable  (18,047)  (21,299)
Accrued expenses and other payables  2,557   (2,208)
Other current liabilities  (824)  443 
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities  29,227   (18,214)
Cash flows from investing activities:        
Increase in demand loans and employee housing loans included in other non-current assets  (212)  (249)
Cash received from property, plant and equipment sales  242   834 
Payments to acquire property, plant and equipment (including $242 and $760 paid to related parties for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively)  (1,976)  (8,777)
Payments to acquire intangible assets  -   (1,194)
Investment under the equity method  (2,579)  - 
Purchase of short-term investments  -   (15,563)
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments  5,781   14,901 
Cash received from long-term investment  448   - 
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities  1,704   (10,048)
Cash flows from financing activities:        
Proceeds from bank loans  14,368   15,275 
Repayments of bank loans  (16,247)  (11,881)
Repayments of the borrowing for sale and leaseback transaction  (1,028)  (1,063)
Repurchase of common shares  -   (342)
Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities  (2,907)  1,989 
Effects of exchange rate on cash, cash equivalents and pledged cash  (1,851)  1,980 
Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and pledged cash  26,173   (24,293)
Cash, cash equivalents and pledged cash at beginning of the period  106,396   115,969 
Cash, cash equivalents and pledged cash at end of the period $132,569  $91,676 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements.


China Automotive Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Three Months Ended March 31, 20202021 and 20192020

 

1.Organization and business

 

China Automotive Systems, Inc., “China Automotive,” was incorporated in the State of Delaware on June 29, 1999 under the name Visions-In-Glass, Inc. China Automotive, including, when the context so requires, its subsidiaries described below, is referred to herein as the “Company.” The Company is primarily engaged in the manufacture and sale of automotive systems and components, as described below.

 

Great Genesis Holdings Limited, a company incorporated in Hong Kong on January 3, 2003 under the Companies Ordinance in Hong Kong as a limited liability company, “Genesis,” is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

 

Henglong USA Corporation, “HLUSA,” incorporated on January 8, 2007 in Troy, Michigan, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and mainly engages in marketing of automotive parts in North America, and provides after-sales service and research and development support accordingly.

 

The Company owns the following aggregate net interests in the following subsidiaries organized in the People's Republic of China, the “PRC,” and Brazil as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019.2020.

 

  Percentage Interest 
Name of Entity March 31,
2020
  December 31,
2019
 
Shashi Jiulong Power Steering Gears Co., Ltd., “Jiulong” 1  100.00%  100.00%
Jingzhou Henglong Automotive Parts Co., Ltd., “Henglong” 2  100.00%  100.00%
Shenyang Jinbei Henglong Automotive Steering System Co., Ltd., “Shenyang” 3  70.00%  70.00%
Universal Sensor Application Inc., “USAI” 4  85.00%  83.34%
Wuhan Jielong Electric Power Steering Co., Ltd., “Jielong” 5  85.00%  85.00%
Wuhu Henglong Automotive Steering System Co., Ltd., “Wuhu” 6  77.33%  77.33%
Hubei Henglong Automotive System Group Co., Ltd., “Hubei Henglong” 7  100.00%  100.00%
Jingzhou Henglong Automotive Technology (Testing) Center, “Testing Center” 8  100.00%  100.00%
Chongqing Henglong Hongyan Automotive System Co., Ltd., “Chongqing Henglong” 9  70.00%  70.00%
CAAS Brazil’s Imports and Trade In Automotive Parts Ltd., “Brazil Henglong” 10  95.84%  95.84%
Wuhan Chuguanjie Automotive Science and Technology Ltd., “Wuhan Chuguanjie” 11  85.00%  85.00%
Hubei Henglong Group Shanghai Automotive Electronics Research and Development Ltd., “Shanghai Henglong” 12  100.00%  100.00%
Jingzhou Qingyan Intelligent Automotive Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., “Jingzhou Qingyan”13  60.00%  60.00%
Hubei Henglong & KYB Automobile Electric Steering System Co., Ltd., “Henglong KYB”14  66.60%  66.60%
Hyoseong (Wuhan) Motion Mechatronics System Co., Ltd., “Wuhan Hyoseong”15  51.00%  51.00%
Wuhu Hongrun New Material Co., Ltd., “Wuhu Hongrun”16  100.00%  100.00%
  Percentage Interest 
Name of Entity March 31,
2021
  December 31,
2020
 
Shashi Jiulong Power Steering Gears Co., Ltd., “Jiulong” 1  100.00%  100.00%
Jingzhou Henglong Automotive Parts Co., Ltd., “Henglong” 2  100.00%  100.00%
Shenyang Jinbei Henglong Automotive Steering System Co., Ltd., “Shenyang” 3  70.00%  70.00%
Wuhan Jielong Electric Power Steering Co., Ltd., “Jielong” 4  85.00%  85.00%
Wuhu Henglong Automotive Steering System Co., Ltd., “Wuhu” 5  77.33%  77.33%
Hubei Henglong Automotive System Group Co., Ltd., “Hubei Henglong” 6  100.00%  100.00%
Jingzhou Henglong Automotive Technology (Testing) Center, “Testing Center” 7  100.00%  100.00%
Chongqing Henglong Hongyan Automotive System Co., Ltd., “Chongqing Henglong” 8  70.00%  70.00%
CAAS Brazil’s Imports and Trade In Automotive Parts Ltd., “Brazil Henglong” 9  95.84%  95.84%
Wuhan Chuguanjie Automotive Science and Technology Ltd., “Wuhan Chuguanjie” 10  85.00%  85.00%
Hubei Henglong Group Shanghai Automotive Electronics Research and Development Ltd., “Shanghai Henglong” 11  100.00%  100.00%
Jingzhou Qingyan Intelligent Automotive Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., “Jingzhou Qingyan” 12  60.00%  60.00%
Hubei Henglong & KYB Automobile Electric Steering System Co., Ltd., “Henglong KYB” 13  66.60%  66.60%
Hyoseong (Wuhan) Motion Mechatronics System Co., Ltd., “Wuhan Hyoseong” 14  51.00%  51.00%
Wuhu Hongrun New Material Co., Ltd., “Wuhu Hongrun” 15  62.00%  62.00%
Changchun Hualong Automotive Technology Co., Ltd., “Changchun Hualong” 16  100.00%  100.00%

 

1.Jiulong was established in 1993 and mainly engages in the production of integral power steering gears for heavy-duty vehicles.

2.Henglong was established in 1997 and mainly engages in the production of rack and pinion power steering gears for cars and light duty vehicles.

 


3.Shenyang was established in 2002 and focuses on power steering parts for light duty vehicles.
  
4.USAI was established in 2005 and mainly engages in the production and sales of sensor modules.
5.Jielong was established in 2006 and mainly engages in the production and sales of automotive steering columns.
  
6.5.Wuhu was established in 2006 and mainly engages in the production and sales of automobile steering systems.
  
7.6.On March 7, 2007, Genesis established Hubei Henglong, formerly known as Jingzhou Hengsheng Automotive System Co., Ltd., its wholly-owned subsidiary, to engage in the production and sales of automotive steering systems. On July 8, 2012, Hubei Henglong changed its name to Hubei Henglong Automotive System Group Co., Ltd.
  
8.7.In December 2009, Henglong, a subsidiary of Genesis, formed Testing Center, which mainly engages in the research and development of new products.
  
9.8.On February 21, 2012, Hubei Henglong and SAIC-IVECO Hongyan Company, “SAIC-IVECO,” established a Sino-foreign joint venture company, Chongqing Henglong, to design, develop and manufacture both hydraulic and electric power steering systems and parts.
  
10.9.On August 21, 2012, Brazil Henglong was established as a Sino-foreign joint venture company by Hubei Henglong and two Brazilian citizens, Ozias Gaia Da Silva and Ademir Dal’ Evedove. Brazil Henglong engages mainly in the import and sales of automotive parts in Brazil. In May 2017, the Company obtained an additional 15.84% equity interest in Brazil Henglong for nil consideration. The Company retained its controlling interest in Brazil Henglong and the acquisition of the non-controlling interest was accounted for as an equity transaction.
  
11.10.In May 2014, together with Hubei Wanlong, Jielong formed a subsidiary, Wuhan Chuguanjie Automotive Science and Technology Ltd., “Wuhan Chuguanjie”, which mainly engages in research and development, manufacture and sales of automobile electronic systems and parts. Wuhan Chuguanjie is located in Wuhan, China.
  
12.11.In January 2015, Hubei Henglong formed Hubei Henglong Group Shanghai Automotive Electronics Research and Development Ltd., “Shanghai Henglong”, which mainly engages in the design and sales of automotive electronics.
  
13.12.In November 2017, Hubei Henglong formed Jingzhou Qingyan Intelligent Automotive Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., “Jingzhou Qingyan”, which mainly engages in the research and development of intelligent automotive technology.
  
14.13.In August 2018, Hubei Henglong and KYB (China) Investment Co., Ltd. (“KYB”) established Hubei Henglong KYB Automobile Electric Steering System Co., Ltd., “Henglong KYB”, which mainly engages in design, manufacture, sales and after-sales service of automobile electronic systems. Hubei Henglong owns 66.6% of the shares of this entity and has consolidated it since its establishment.
  
15.14.

In March 2019, Hubei Henglong and Hyoseong Electric Co., Ltd. established Hyoseong (Wuhan) Motion Mechatronics System Co., Ltd., “Wuhan Hyoseong”, which mainly engages in the design, manufacture and sales of automotive motors and electromechanical integrated systems. Hubei Henglong owns 51.0% of the shares of Wuhan Hyoseong and has consolidated it since its establishment.

16.15.In December 2019, Hubei Henglong formed Wuhu Hongrun New Material Co., Ltd., “Wuhu Hongrun”, which mainly engages in the development, manufacturing and sale of high polymer materials. Hubei Henglong owns 62.0% of the shares of Wuhu Hongrun and has consolidated it since its establishment.

16.In April 2020, Hubei Henglong acquired 100.0% of the equity interests of Changchun Hualong Automotive Technology Co., Ltd., “Changchun Hualong”, for total consideration of RMB 1.2 million, equivalent to approximately $0.2 million from an entity controlled by Hanlin Chen. Before the acquisition, 52.1% of the shares of Changchun Hualong were ultimately owned by Hanlin Chen and 47.9% of the shares were owned by third parties. Changchun Hualong mainly engages in design and R&D of automotive parts.

 


2.Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies

 

(a)Basis of Presentation

 

Basis of Presentation - The accompanying condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. The details of subsidiaries are disclosed in Note 1. Significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. The condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions in Regulation S-X. Accordingly they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by such accounting principles for complete financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.2020.

 

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited, but in the opinion of the Company’s management, contain all necessary adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments, for a fair statement of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the interim periods presented.

 

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 20192020 is derived from the Company’s audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

  

The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2020.2021.

 

Estimation - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Foreign Currencies - China Automotive, the parent company, and HLUSA maintain their books and records in United States Dollars, “USD,” their functional currency. The Company’s subsidiaries based in the PRC and Genesis maintain their books and records in Renminbi, “RMB,” their functional currency. The Company’s subsidiary based in Brazil maintains its books and records in Brazilian reais,real, “BRL,” its functional currency. In accordance with ASCFinancial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 830, “FASB Accounting Standards Codification”, foreign currency transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are remeasured into the functional currency at the rate of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date for monetary items. Nonmonetary items are remeasured at historical rates. Income and expenses are remeasured at the rate in effect on the transaction dates. Transaction gains and losses, if any, are included in the determination of net income for the period. 

 

(b)Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

On January 1, 2020,No accounting standards newly issued during the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13 ASC (Topic 326), Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. The ASU introducesthree months ended March 31, 2021, had a new accounting model, the Current Expected Credit Losses model (CECL), which requires earlier recognition of credit losses and additional disclosures related to credit risk. The CECL model utilizes a lifetime expected credit loss measurement objective for the recognition of credit losses at the time the financial asset is originated or acquired. The Company adopted the CECL model to recognize credit losses of financial assets using a modified retrospective method of accounting as of January 1, 2020. Thematerial impact of adopting the new standard on the consolidatedCompany’s financial statements was a reduction of $0.8 million to beginning retained earnings.or disclosures.

 


(c)Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no updates to the significant accounting policies set forth in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019, except for the adoption of ASC Topic 326 (Note 2(b)).2020.

 


3.Accounts and notes receivable, net

 

The Company’s accounts and notes receivable, net as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

 

 March 31, 2020  December 31, 2019  March 31, 2021  December 31, 2020 
Accounts receivable - unrelated parties $112,505  $141,423  $140,944  $141,018 
Notes receivable - unrelated parties (1) (2)  73,726   72,797 
Notes receivable - unrelated parties  86,040   85,354 
Total accounts and notes receivable - unrelated parties  186,231   214,220   226,984   226,372 
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts - unrelated parties (3)  (3,358)  (2,379)  (9,612)  (9,853)
Accounts and notes receivable, net - unrelated parties  182,873   211,841   217,372   216,519 
Accounts and notes receivable - related parties  13,625   21,164   19,274   17,622 
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts - related parties  (1)  (1)
Accounts and notes receivable, net - related parties  19,273   17,621 
Accounts and notes receivable, net $196,498  $233,005  $236,645  $234,140 

  

(1)Notes receivable represent accounts receivable in the form of bills of exchange for which acceptances are guaranteed and settlements are handled by banks.

(2)As of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Company pledged its notes receivable in amounts of $9.7$8.1 million and $9.7$8.2 million, respectively, as collateral in favor of the local government for the government loans.loans; and pledged its notes receivable in amounts of $6.3 million and $5.5 million, respectively, as collateral for banks to endorse the payment of the Company’s notes payable to the noteholders upon maturity (See Note 7).
  
(3)ProvisionAllowance for doubtful accounts and notes receivable recognizedreversed in the consolidated statements of operations amounted to $0.2 million and $0.02 million, and $0.1 millionrespectively, for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019, respectively.2020.  

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company pledged its accounts and notes receivable in amounts of $2.3 million and $7.4 million, respectively, as collateral for banks to endorse the payment of the Company’s notes payable to the noteholder upon maturity.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company’s five largest customers accounted for 53.7% of its consolidated net product sales, with one customer individually accounting for more than 10% of consolidated net sales, i.e., 33.7%. As of March 31, 2020, approximately 7.5%

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company’s five largest customers accounted for 43.3% of its consolidated net product sales, with one customer individually accounting for more than 10% of consolidated net sales, i.e., 16.5%. As of March 31, 2021, approximately 8.1% of accounts receivable were from trade transactions with the aforementioned customers and there was no individual customer with a receivables balance of more than 10% of total accounts receivable.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company’s five largest customers accounted for 44.0% of its consolidated net product sales, with one customer individually accounting for more than 10% of consolidated net sales i.e., 18.1%. As of March 31, 2019, approximately 6.2% of accounts receivable were from trade transactions with the aforementioned customer and there was no individual customer with a receivables balance of more than 10% of total accounts receivable.

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company’s five largest customers accounted for 53.7% of its consolidated net product sales, with one customer individually accounting for more than 10% of consolidated net sales, i.e., 33.7%. As of March 31, 2020, approximately 8.8% of accounts receivable were from trade transactions with the aforementioned customers and there was no individual customer with a receivables balance of more than 10% of total accounts receivable.

4.Inventories

 

The Company’s inventories as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 consisted of the following (figures are in thousands of USD):

 

 March 31, 2020  December 31, 2019  March 31, 2021  December 31, 2020 
Raw materials $23,737  $21,464  $27,274  $  24,367 
Work in process  10,875   9,469   10,508   10,098 
Finished goods  36,546   51,998   51,856   53,860 
Total $71,158  $82,931  $89,638  $88,325 

 

The Company recorded $0.8$1.0 million and $1.1$0.8 million of inventory write-down to cost of product sold for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively.


 

5.Long-term investments

 

The Company’s long-term investments at March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

 

 March 31, 2020  December 31, 2019  March 31, 2021  December 31, 2020 
Chongqing Venture Fund(1) $14,818  $15,085  $18,286  $  20,230 
Hubei Venture Fund(1)  11,142   8,730   14,171   14,473 
Suzhou Venture Fund(2)  8,210   9,141   7,328   7,740 
Beijing Henglong(1)  4,654   4,630   3,749   5,241 
Henglong Tianyu  1,085   1,122   1,022   1,070 
Chongqing Jinghua  469   523   565   599 
Jiangsu Intelligent  412   411   397   413 
Total $40,790  $39,642  $45,518  $49,766 

 

(1)During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company made an equity investment of $2.6 million in the Hubei Venture Fund.
(2)In January 2020,2021, the SuzhouChongqing Venture Fund and Beijing Henglong made distributions that were proportional to each owner’s allocated share of the fund, pursuant to which Hubei Henglong received $0.4 million.$0.7 million and $1.5 million, respectively.

 


6.Property, plant and equipment, net

 

The Company’s property, plant and equipment, net as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

 

 March 31, 2020  December 31, 2019  March 31, 2021  December 31, 2020 
Costs:                
Buildings $51,044  $51,750  $61,432  $       61,035 
Machinery and equipment  198,375   199,536   233,711   233,273 
Electronic equipment  5,459   5,799   6,512   6,491 
Motor vehicles  4,913   5,229   5,018   5,064 
Construction in progress  31,409   33,063   22,520   20,813 
Total amount of property, plant and equipment  291,200   295,377   329,193   326,676 
Less: Accumulated depreciation(1)  (156,939)  (154,940)  (190,651)  (185,672)
Total amount of property, plant and equipment, net(2)(3) $134,261  $140,437  $138,542  $141,004 

 

(1)Depreciation charges were $5.0$6.4 million and $3.9$5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.
  
(2)As of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Company pledged property, plant and equipment with net book value of approximately $48.2$63.0 million and $50.9$66.1 million, respectively, as security for its comprehensive credit facilities with banks in China.
  
(3)Interest costs capitalized for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, were $0.3$0.2 million and $0.1$0.3 million, respectively.

 

7.Loans

 

Loans consist of the following as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 (figures are in thousands of USD):

 

  March 31, 2020  December 31, 2019 
Short-term bank loans(1) $19,407  $23,536 
         
Short-term bank loans(2)  22,533   20,663 
Short-term government loan(3)  2,117   2,150 
Current portion of long-term government loan(4)  -   287 
Subtotal  44,057   46,636 
         
Long-term government loans (4)(5)  7,057   7,454 
Less: Current portion of long-term government loan(4)  -   (287)
Subtotal  7,057   7,167 
         
Total bank and government loans $51,114  $53,803 
  March 31, 2021  December 31, 2020 
Short-term bank loans (1) $38,584  $       36,575 
Current portion of long-term government loan (2)  7,609   7,663 
Subtotal  46,193   44,238 
Long-term government loans (2)  7,609   7,663 
Less: Current portion of long-term government loans (2)  (7,609)  (7,663)
Subtotal  -   - 
Total bank and government loans $46,193  $44,238 

 


(1)These loans areThe Company entered into credit facility agreements with various banks, which were secured by property, plant and equipment and land use rights of the CompanyCompany. The total credit facility amount was $173.1 million and are repayable within one year (See Note 6).$172.7 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. As of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019, the weighted average interest rate was 4.6% and 4.8% per annum, respectively.
(2)On October 27, 2017, Henglong and Hubei Henglong entered into credit facility agreements with China CITIC Bank, the “CITIC Credit Facility”. The maturity date of the CITIC Credit Facility was originally set for October 27, 2018 and was extended to October 26, 2019. On December 5, 2019, the CITIC Credit Facility was further extended to June 5, 2020. The Company is currently in the process of negotiating with the bank to renew the credit facility. The Company’s property, plant and equipment and land use rights with book value amounting to $9.7 million were pledged as collateral for such loans. As of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the Company has drawn down loans with an aggregate amount of $19.8$38.6 million and $20.7$36.6 million, respectively. On March 1, 2019, Henglong and Hubei Henglong entered into credit facility agreements with China Merchants Bank, the “Merchants Credit Facility”. The maturity date of the Merchants Credit Facility was originally set for February 29, 2020. The Company is currently in the process of negotiating with the bank to renew the credit facility. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company has drawn down loans with an aggregate amount of $2.7 million and nil, respectively. The weighted average interest rate of the loans as of March 31, 2020was 3.8% and December 31, 2019 was 3.27% and 3.46% per annum, respectively.
(3)On December 26, 2019, the Company borrowed from the local government a loan of RMB 15.0 million, equivalent to approximately $2.1 million, with an interest rate of 3.48% per annum, which is due for repayment on December 25, 2020. Henglong pledged RMB 15.5 million, equivalent to approximately $2.2 million, of notes receivable as collateral for the loan (See Note 3).
(4)On November 13, 2017, the Company borrowed from the local government a loan of RMB 2.0 million, equivalent to approximately $0.3 million, with an interest rate of 4.75% per annum, which was due for repayment on November 12, 2020. In the first quarter of 2020, the Company received a notice from the government that the loan was reclassified as government subsidy, so repayment was no longer required. As a result, the Company reduced the loan balance and recorded it as other income in the consolidated statements of operations3.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2020.2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
  
(5)(2)On August 7 and September 3, 2019, the Company borrowed from the local government loans of RMB 20.0 million and RMB 30.0 million, equivalent to approximately $2.8$3.0 million and $4.2$4.6 million, respectively. These loans are due for repayment on June 30, 2021 and have an interest rate of 3.80% per annum. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, Henglong pledged RMB 53.053.5 million and RMB 53.5 million, equivalent to approximately $7.5$8.1 million and $8.2 million, respectively, of notes receivable as collateral for the local government loans (See Note 3).

The Company must use the loans for the purpose as prescribed in the loan contracts. If the Company fails to do so, it will be charged penalty interest and/or trigger early repayment. The Company complied with such financial covenants as of March 31, 2020, and management expects it will continue to comply with them.2021.

 


8.Accounts and notes payable

 

The Company’s accounts and notes payable as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

 


 March 31, 2020  December 31, 2019  March 31, 2021  December 31, 2020 
Accounts payable - unrelated parties $100,367  $110,246  $129,099  $132,349 
Notes payable - unrelated parties(1)  57,009   69,929   83,826   80,173 
Accounts and notes payable - unrelated parties  157,376   180,175   212,925   212,522 
Accounts and notes payable - related parties  8,391   6,492   10,984   12,730 
Total $165,767  $186,667  $223,909  $225,252 

  

(1)Notes payable represent payables in the form of notes issued by the bank. As of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Company has pledged cash of $24.4$30.7 million and $29.7$30.8 million, respectively, accountsrespectively. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company has pledged notes receivable of $2.3 million and $7.4 million, respectively, property, plant and equipment with net book value of $48.2 million and $50.9 million, respectively, and land use right with net book value of $5.4$6.3 million and $5.5 million, respectively, as collateral for banks to endorse the payment of the Company’s notes payable to the noteholdernoteholders upon maturity. The Company entered into credit facility agreements with various banks, which were secured by property, plant and equipment and land use rights of the Company. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company has used $49.5 million and $43.9 million, respectively, for issuing bank notes.

 

9.Accrued expenses and other payables

 

The Company’s accrued expenses and other payables as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

 March 31, 2020  December 31, 2019  March 31, 2021  December 31, 2020 
Warranty reserves (1) $35,985  $  36,215 
Accrued expenses $7,124  $6,306   7,870   8,627 
Current portion of other long-term payable (See Note 10)  4,177   4,131 
Payables for overseas transportation and custom clearance  1,956   3,278 
Dividends payable to holders of non-controlling interests  457   460 
Accrued interest  437   104   588   646 
Current portion of other long-term payable (See Note 10)  3,603   3,593 
Other payables  3,312   2,427   425   2,250 
Dividends payable to holders of non-controlling interests  430   - 
Warranty reserves(1)  32,641   32,907 
Total $47,547  $45,337 
Balance at end of year $51,458  $55,607 

 

(1)The Company provides for the estimated cost of product warranties when the products are sold. Such estimates of product warranties are based on, among other things, historical experience, product changes, material expenses, services and transportation expenses arising from the manufactured products. Estimates will be adjusted on the basis of actual claims and circumstances.

 

For the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, the warranties activities were as follows (figures are in thousands of USD): 

 

 Three Months Ended March 31,  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 2020  2019  2021  2020 
Balance at beginning of the period $32,907  $31,085  $36,215  $32,907 
Additions during the period  3,428   2,776   3,681   3,428 
Settlement within the period  (3,174)  (2,294)  (3,645)  (3,174)
Foreign currency translation (gain)/loss  (520)  590 
Foreign currency translation gain  (266)  (520)
Balance at end of the period $32,641  $32,157  $35,985  $32,641 

12

 

10.Other long-term payable

 

On January 31, 2018, the Company entered into an equipment sales agreement with a third party (the “buyer-lessor”) and simultaneously entered into a four-year contract to lease back the equipment from the buyer-lessor. The carrying value of the equipment was RMB 91.3 million (equivalent to $12.9$13.9 million as of March 31, 2020)2021) and the sales price was RMB 100100.0 million (equivalent to $14.1$15.2 million as of March 31, 2020)2021). Pursuant to the terms of the contract, the Company is required to pay to the buyer-lessor lease payments over 4four (4) years with a quarterly lease payment of approximately $1.0 million and is entitled to obtain the ownership of this equipment at a nominal price upon the expiration of the lease. The Company is of the view that the transaction does not qualify as a sale. Therefore, the transaction was accounted for as a financing transaction by the Company. As of March 31, 2020, $3.62021, $4.2 million was recognized as other payable (See Note 9) and $3.9$0.04 million was recognized as other long-term payable to the buyer-lessor according to the contract term.

 


11.Redeemable non-controlling interests

In September 2020, one of the Company’s subsidiaries issued shares to Hubei Venture Fund amounting to $0.7 million. The shares will be transferred to the Company and the other shareholder of the subsidiary on a pro rata basis at the holder’s option if the subsidiary fails to complete a qualified IPO in a pre-agreed period of time after their issuance with a transfer price of par plus 6% per year. $0.5 million of the shares are subject to purchase by the Company and are therefore accounted for as redeemable non-controlling interests in mezzanine equity and are accreted to the redemption value over the period starting from the issuance date.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recognized accretion of $0.007 million to the redemption value of the shares over the period starting from the issuance date with a corresponding reduction to retained earnings.

12.Additional paid-in capital

 

The Company’s positions in respect of the amounts of additional paid-in capital for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

 

 

Three Months Ended

March 31,

  

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 
 2020  2019  2021  2020 
Balance at beginning of the period $64,429  $64,429  $64,273  $64,466 
Share-based compensation  88   - 
Acquisition of the non-controlling interest in USAI  (29)  -   -   (29)
Balance at end of the period $64,400  $64,429  $64,361  $64,437 

 

12.13.Stock Options

The Company’s stock option plan was approved at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on June 28, 2005, and extended to June 27, 2025 at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on September 16, 2014. The maximum common shares available for issuance under this plan is 2,200,000. The stock incentive plan provides for the issuance, to the Company’s officers, directors, management and employees who served over three years or have given outstanding performance, of options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company has issued 658,850 stock options under this plan, and there remain 1,541,150 stock options issuable in the future as of March 31, 2021.

Under the aforementioned plan, the stock options granted will have an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock traded on NASDAQ one day before the date of grant, and will expire two to five years after the grant date. The stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2021 were exercisable immediately on the grant date. Stock options will be settled in shares of the Company’s common stock upon exercise and are recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets under the caption “Additional paid-in capital.” As of March 31, 2021, the Company has sufficient unissued registered common stock for settlement of the stock incentive plan mentioned above.

The fair value of stock options was determined at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option model requires management to make various estimates and assumptions, including expected term, expected volatility, risk-free rate, and dividend yield. The expected term represents the period of time that stock-based compensation awards granted are expected to be outstanding and is estimated based on considerations including the vesting period, contractual term and anticipated employee exercise patterns. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in relation to the contractual life of stock-based compensation instruments. The dividend yield assumption is based on historical patterns and future expectations for the Company dividends.

For the stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2021, assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options on the grant date is as follows:

Issuance Date Expected volatility  Risk-free rate  Expected term (years)  Dividend yield 
February 3, 2021    76.91%  0.46%  5   0.00%

The stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2021 were exercisable immediately and their fair value on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model was $0.1 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expenses of $0.1 million and nil, respectively.

The activities of stock options are summarized as follows, including granted, exercised and forfeited.

        Weighted-Average 
     Weighted-Average  Contractual 
  Shares  Exercise Price  Term (years) 
Outstanding - January 1, 2020  30,000  $                 4.99            5 
Expired  (7,500)  5.58   5 
Outstanding - December 31, 2020  22,500  $4.79   5 
Granted  22,500   6.26   5 
Outstanding - March 31, 2021  45,000  $5.52   5 

The following is a summary of the range of exercise prices for stock options that are outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2021:

  Outstanding Stock  Weighted Average  Weighted Average  Number of Stock 
Range of Exercise Prices Options  Remaining Life  Exercise Price  Options Exercisable 
$2.37 - $6.95    45,000       2.39  $5.52        45,000 


As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the total intrinsic value of the Company’s stock options that were exercisable was $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, no Company’s stock options were exercised.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the weighted average fair value of the Company’s stock options granted was $3.92. No stock option was granted during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

14.Retained earnings

 

Appropriated

 

Pursuant to the relevant PRC laws, the profits distribution of the Company’s subsidiaries, which are based on their PRC statutory financial statements, are available for distribution in the form of cash dividends after these subsidiaries have paid all relevant PRC tax liabilities, provided for losses in previous years, and made appropriations to statutory surplus at 10% of their respective after-tax profits each year. When the statutory surplus reserve reaches 50% of the registered capital of a company, no additional reserve is required. For the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, no statutory reserve was appropriated by the subsidiaries in China.

 

The Company’s activities in respect of the amounts of appropriated retained earnings for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

 

 

Three Months Ended

March 31,

  

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 
 2020  2019  2021  2020 
Balance at beginning of the period $11,265  $11,104  $11,303  $11,265 
Balance at end of the period $11,265  $11,104  $11,303  $11,265 

 

Unappropriated

 

The Company’s activities in respect of the amounts of the unappropriated retained earnings for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

 

  

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 
  2020  2019 
Balance at beginning of the period $221,237  $211,439 
Cumulative effect of accounting change - credit loss  (789)  - 
Net income attributable to parent company  45   1,467 
Balance at end of the period $220,493  $212,906 

  

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 
  2021  2020 
Balance at beginning of the period $215,491  $221,298 
Cumulative effect of accounting change - credit loss  -   (789)
Net income/(loss) attributable to parent company  3,213   (28)
Accretion of redeemable non-controlling interests  (7)  - 
Balance at end of the period $218,697  $220,481 

 

13.15.Accumulated other comprehensive income

 

The Company’s activities in respect of the amounts of accumulated other comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD): 

 

  

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 
  2021  2020 
Balance at beginning of the period $17,413  $(3,462)
Foreign currency translation adjustment attributable to parent company  (2,128)  (4,508)
Balance at end of the period $15,285  $(7,970)


  

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 
  2020  2019 
Balance at beginning of the period $(3,462) $1,855 
Foreign currency translation adjustment attributable to parent company  (4,597)  5,906 
Balance at end of the period $(8,059) $7,761 

14.16.Treasury stock
 
Treasury stock represents shares repurchased by the Company that are no longer outstanding and are held by the Company. Treasury stock is accounted for under the cost method. On December 5, 2018,August 13, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a share repurchase program under which the Company was permitted to repurchase up to $5.0 million of its common stock from time to time in the open market at prevailing market prices not to exceed $4.00$3.50 per share through December 4, 2019. The Board of Directors of the Company approved the extension of such program to December 4, 2020.August 12, 2021. As of each of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019,2021, the Company had cumulatively repurchased 1,164,257 shares322,269 of the Company’s common stock sinceshares that were authorized to be repurchased under the inception of the program.program that was approved on August 13, 2020. The repurchased shares are presented as “treasury stock” on the balance sheet.

 

15.17.Non-controlling interests

 

The Company’s activities in respect of the amounts of the non-controlling interests’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):  

 

 

Three Months Ended

March 31,

  

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 
 2020  2019  2021  2020 
Balance at beginning of the period $20,161  $18,950  $16,170  $20,250 
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests  (533)  (243)
Net income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interests  18   (600)
Acquisition of the non-controlling interest in USAI  29   -   -   29 
Cumulative effect of accounting change - credit loss  (102)  -   -   (102)
Dividends declared to non-controlling interest holders of non-wholly owned subsidiaries  (430)  -   -   (430)
Foreign currency translation adjustment attributable to non-controlling interests  (364)  457   (143)  (453)
Balance at end of the period $18,761  $19,164  $16,045  $18,694 

 

16.18.Net product sales

 

Revenue Disaggregation

 

Management has concluded that the disaggregation level is the same under both the revenue standard and the segment reporting standard. Please refer to Note 24.25.

 

Contract Assets and Liabilities

 

Contract assets, such as costs to obtain or fulfill contracts, are an insignificant component of the Company’s revenue recognition process. The majority of the Company’s cost of fulfillment as a manufacturer of products is classified as inventory, fixed assets and intangible assets, which are accounted for under the respective guidance for those asset types. Other costs of contract fulfillment are immaterial due to the nature of the Company’s products and their respective manufacturing processes.

 

Contract liabilities are mainly customer deposits. As of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Company has customer deposits of $1.0$1.1 million and $1.3$1.5 million, respectively, which were included in other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, $1.0 million was received and $1.4 million (including $1.4 million from the beginning balance of customer deposits) was recognized as net product sales revenue. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, $0.3 million was received and $0.6 million (including $0.6 million from the beginning balance of customer deposits) was recognized as net product sales revenue. Customer deposits represent non-refundable cash deposits for customers to secure rights to an amount of products produced by the Company under supply agreements. When the products are shipped to customers, the Company will recognize revenue and bill the customers to reduce the amount of the customer deposit liability.

 


17.19.Financial expense, net

 

During the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, the Company recorded financial expense, net which is summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

 

 

Three Months Ended 

March 31,

  

Three Months Ended 

March 31,

 
 2020  2019  2021  2020 
Interest income $351  $764  $313  $351 
Foreign exchange loss, net  (711)  (1,250)  (469)  (711)
Bank fees  (171)  (179)  (83)  (171)
Total financial expense, net $(531) $(665) $(239) $(531)

 

18.20.Income tax

Income tax expense was $0.5 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in income tax expense was primarily due to the increase in Hubei Henglong’s income before income tax expenses and equity in earnings of affiliated companies

19.IncomeIncome/(loss) per share

 

Basic income per share is computed using the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income per share is computed using the weighted average number of ordinary shares and dilutive ordinary share equivalents outstanding during the period. The dilutive effect of outstanding stock options is determined based on the treasury stock method.

 

The calculations of basic and diluted income per share attributable to the parent company for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, were as follows (figures are in thousands of USD, except share and per share amounts):

 

 Three Months Ended March 31,  Three Months Ended 
March 31,
 
 2020  2019  2021  2020 
Numerator:             
Net income attributable to the parent company’s common shareholders - Basic and Diluted $45  $1,467 
Net income/(loss) attributable to the parent company’s common shareholders - Basic and Diluted $3,206  $(28)
Denominator:                
Weighted average shares outstanding  31,174,045   31,507,487   30,851,776   31,174,045 
Dilutive effects of stock options  74   5,810   5,960   - 
Denominator for dilutive income per share - Diluted  31,174,119   31,513,297   30,857,736   31,174,045 
                
Net income per share attributable to parent company’s common shareholders - Basic $-  $0.05 
Net income per share attributable to parent company’s common shareholders - Diluted $-  $0.05 
Net income/(loss) per share attributable to parent company’s common shareholders - Basic $0.10  $- 
Net income/(loss) per share attributable to parent company’s common shareholders - Diluted $0.10  $- 

  

As of March 31, 2020 and 2019,2021, the exercise prices for 22,50030,000 shares, and 112,500 shares, respectively, of outstanding stock options were above the weighted average market price of the Company’s common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.2021. Therefore, these stock options were excluded from the calculation of the diluted income per share for the corresponding periods presented.

 


For the three months ended March 31, 2020, assumed conversion of the stock options has not been reflected in the dilutive calculation pursuant to ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share,” due to the anti-dilutive effect as a result of the Company’s net loss. The effects of all outstanding share options with common share equivalents of 74 shares, have been excluded from the calculation of the diluted loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2020, due to their anti-dilutive effect.

20.21.Significant concentrations

 

A significant portion of the Company’s business is conducted in China where the currency is the RMB. Regulations in China permit foreign owned entities to freely convert the RMB into foreign currency for transactions that fall under the "current account", which includes trade related receipts and payments, interest and dividends. Accordingly, the Company’s Chinese subsidiaries may use RMB to purchase foreign exchangecurrency for settlement of such "current account" transactions without pre-approval.

 


China Automotive, the parent company, may depend on dividend payments from Genesis and HLUSA, which are generated from their subsidiaries in China, “China-based Subsidiaries,” after they receive payments from the China-based Subsidiaries. Regulations in the PRC currently permit payment of dividends of a PRC company only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with accounting standards and regulations in China. Under PRC law China-based Subsidiaries are required to set aside at least 10% of their after-tax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to their general reserves until the cumulative amount reaches 50% of their paid-in capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends, or as loans or advances. These foreign-invested enterprises may also allocate a portion of their after-tax profits, at the discretion of their boards of directors, to their staff welfare and bonus funds. Any amounts so allocated may not be distributed and, accordingly, would not be available for distribution to Genesis and HLUSA. 

 

The PRC government also imposes controls on the convertibility of RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currencies out of China. The China-based Subsidiaries may experience difficulties in completing the administrative procedures necessary to obtain and remit foreign currencies. If China Automotive is unable to receive dividend payments from its subsidiaries, including the China-based subsidiaries, China Automotive may be unable to effectively finance its operations or pay dividends on its shares.

  

Transactions other than those that fall under the "current account" and that involve conversion of RMB into foreign currency are classified as "capital account" transactions; examples of "capital account" transactions include repatriations of investment by or loans to foreign owners, or direct equity investments in a foreign entity by a China domiciled entity. "Capital account" transactions require prior approval from China's State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, or its provincial branch to convert a remittance into a foreign currency, such as U.S. Dollars, and transmit the foreign currency outside of China.

 

This system could be changed at any time and any such change may affect the ability of the Company or its subsidiaries in China to repatriate capital or profits, if any, outside China. Furthermore, SAFE has a significant degree of administrative discretion in implementing the laws and has used this discretion to limit convertibility of current account payments out of China. Whether as a result of a deterioration in the Chinese balance of payments, a shift in the Chinese macroeconomic prospects or any number of other reasons, China could impose additional restrictions on capital remittances abroad. As a result of these and other restrictions under the laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China, or the PRC, the Company’s China subsidiaries are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to the parent. The Company has no assurance that the relevant Chinese governmental authorities in the future will not limit further or eliminate the ability of the Company’s China subsidiaries to purchase foreign currencies and transfer such funds to the Company to meet its liquidity or other business needs. Any inability to access funds in China, if and when needed for use by the Company outside of China, could have a material and adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity and its business.

  

21.22.Related party transactions and balances

 

Related party transactions are as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

 

Related sales

 

 Three Months Ended March 31,  Three Months Ended 
March 31,
 
 2020  2019  2021  2020 
Merchandise sold to related parties $7,494  $12,836  $16,575  $7,494 
Materials and others sold to related parties  270   461   426   270 
Rental income obtained from related parties  77   80   106   77 
Total $7,841  $13,377  $17,107  $7,841 

Related purchases

  Three Months Ended 
March 31,
 
  2021  2020 
Materials purchased from related parties $8,214  $3,134 
Equipment purchased from related parties  225   69 
Others purchased from related parties  10   4 
Total $8,449  $3,207 

 


Related purchases

  Three Months Ended March 31, 
  2020  2019 
Materials purchased from related parties $3,134  $5,504 
Equipment purchased from related parties  69   760 
Others purchased from related parties  4   11 
Total $3,207  $6,275 

Related receivables

 

  March 31, 2020  December 31, 2019 
Accounts and notes receivable from related parties $13,625  $21,164 
         
  March 31, 2021  December 31, 2020 
Accounts and notes receivable from related parties $19,274  $       17,622 

 

Related advance payments

 

 March 31, 2020  December 31, 2019  March 31, 2021  December 31, 2020 
Advance payments for property, plant and equipment to related parties $2,514  $2,311  $2,393  $         3,284 
Advance payments and others to related parties  1,494   1,287   551   522 
Total $4,008  $3,598  $2,944  $3,806 

 

Related payables

 

  March 31, 2020  December 31, 2019 
Accounts and notes payable $8,391  $6,492 
  March 31, 2021  December 31, 2020 
Accounts and notes payable $10,984  $       12,730 

 

These transactions were consummated under similar terms as those with the Company's third party customers and suppliers.

 

As of June 23, 2020,May 12, 2021, Hanlin Chen, the chairman of the board of directors of the Company, owns 57.3%57.9% of the common stock of the Company and has the effective power to control the vote on substantially all significant matters without the approval of other stockholders.

 

22.23.Commitments and contingencies

 

Legal proceedings

 

On January 7, 2019, three purported stockholders of the Company filed a stockholder derivative complaint on behalf of the Company against the Company’s directors Hanlin Chen, Qizhou Wu and Guangxun Xu and former directors Arthur Wong and Robert Tung in the Delaware Court of Chancery, alleging that they had (a) breached their fiduciary duties by approving and paying excessive compensation to the non-employee directors of the Company, Arthur Wong, Guangxun Xu and Robert Tung, and (b) failed to make full and accurate disclosure of all material information with respect to director qualification and director compensation paid in 2017 in the Company’s annual proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed on October 10, 2018. The directors have engaged their own counsel to answer this complaint. On April 9, 2019, the Company moved to dismiss the complaint. The motion to dismiss was denied on July 17, 2019. In November 2020, the Company reached a settlement to resolve the lawsuit for the sum of $55,998. The directorsCompany did not admit any liability in reaching the settlement. On February 5, 2021, the Court of Chancery conducted a hearing to confirm the settlement of the Company will continuestockholder derivative action. The Court entered a Final Order and Judgment approving the settlement. The Court further ordered that the plaintiffs’ application for an award of attorneys’ fees and reimbursement of litigation expenses be reduced from $100,000 to answer this complaint. Management expects the impact of the suit$30,000. The Court’s Final Order and Judgment is publicly available on the Company’s consolidated financial statements to be immaterial.Court of Chancery docket. As of March 31, 2021, the Company has received above settlement of $55,998 from the directors and paid the above attorneys’ fees and reimbursement of litigation expenses.

 

Other than as described above, the Company is not a party to any pending or, to the best of the Company’s knowledge, any threatened legal proceedings and no director, officer or affiliate of the Company, or owner of record of more than five percent of the securities of the Company, or any associate of any such director, officer or security holder is a party adverse to the Company or has a material interest adverse to the Company in reference to pending litigation.

 


Other commitments and contingencies

 

In addition to the bank loans, notes payables and the related interest, the following table summarizes the Company’s major commitments and contingencies as of March 31, 20202021 (figures are in thousands of USD):

 

 Payment obligations by period  Payment obligations by period 
 2020  2021  2022  Thereafter  Total  2021  2022  2023  Thereafter  Total 
Obligations for investment contracts(1) $4,841  $423  $          -  $           -  $5,264  $2,678  $-  $    -  $         -  $2,678 
Obligations for purchasing and service agreements  21,225   1,229   -   -   22,454   19,873   1,550   -   -   21,423 
Total $26,066  $1,652  $-  $-  $27,718  $22,551  $1,550  $-  $-  $24,101 

 

(1)

In March 2018, Hubei Henglong entered into an agreement with other parties to establish a venture capital fund, the “Hubei Venture Fund”. Hubei Henglong has committed to make investments of RMB 76.0 million, equivalent to approximately $11.5 million. In March 2020, Hubei Henglong entered into an agreement with Jingzhou Henglong Real Estate Co., Ltd. to purchase 8.0% of the Hubei Venture Fund’s equity for nil consideration, and Hubei Henglong has committed to increase its investments in Hubei Venture Fund to RMB 98.5 million, equivalent to approximately $13.9 million. As of March 31, 2020, Hubei Henglong has made investments of RMB 78.8 million, equivalent to approximately $11.1 million, representing 35.2% of Hubei Venture Fund’s equity. According to the agreement, the remaining capital commitment of RMB 19.7 million, equivalent to approximately $2.8 million, will be paid in 2020.

In April 2019, Hubei Henglong entered into an agreement with other parties and committed to contribute RMB 5.0 million, equivalent to approximately $0.7 million, to Jiangsu Intelligent Networking Automotive Innovation Center Co. Ltd., “Jiangsu Intelligent”, representing 19.2% of Jiangsu Intelligent’s shares. As of March 31, 2020,2021, Hubei Henglong has completed a capital contribution of RMB 3.0 million, equivalent to approximately $0.4 million. According to the agreement, the remaining capital commitment of RMB 2.0 million, equivalent to approximately $0.3 million, will be paid in 2020.2021.

 

In November 2019, Hubei Henglong entered into an agreement with other parties and committed to purchase 70% of the shares of Hefei Senye Light Plastic Technology Co., Ltd. for total consideration of RMB 33.6 million, equivalent to approximately $4.8$5.0 million.  As of March 31, 2020,2021, Hubei Henglong has paid the amount of RMB 18.0 million, equivalent to approximately $2.5$2.6 million, which was reported in other non-current assets as the transfer of shares had not been consummated. According to the agreement, of the remaining consideration of RMB 15.6 million, equivalent to approximately $2.2 million, $1.8 million will be paid in 2020 and the remaining $0.4$2.4 million, will be paid in 2021.

23.24.Off-balance sheet arrangements

 

As of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Company did not have any significant transactions, obligations or relationships that could be considered off-balance sheet arrangements.

 

24.25.Segment reporting

 

The accounting policies of the product sectors (each entity manufactures and sells different products and represents a different product sector) are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies disclosed in the Company’s 20192020 Annual Report on Form 10-K except that the disaggregated financial results for the product sectors have been prepared using a management approach, which is consistent with the basis and manner in which management internally disaggregates financial information for the purposes of assisting them in making internal operating decisions. Generally, the Company evaluates performance based on stand-alone product sector operating income and accounts for inter-segment sales and transfers as if the sales or transfers were to third parties, at current market prices. Each product sector is considered a reporting segment.

As of March 31, 2021, the Company had 15 product sectors, six of which were principal profit makers and were reported as separate sectors and engaged in the production and sales of power steering (Henglong, Jiulong, Shenyang, Wuhu, Henglong KYB and Hubei Henglong), and one holding company (Genesis). The other nine sectors were engaged in the development, manufacturing and sale of high polymer materials (Wuhu Hongrun), R&D services (Changchun Hualong), automobile steering columns (Jielong), provision of after-sales and R&D services (HLUSA), production and sale of power steering (Chongqing Henglong), trade (Brazil Henglong), manufacture and sales of automobile electronic systems and parts (Wuhan Chuguanjie), research and development of intelligent automotive technology (Jingzhou Qingyan) and manufacture and sales of automotive motors and electromechanical integrated systems (Wuhan Hyoseong).

 


As of March 31, 2020, the Company had 14 product sectors, six of which were principal profit makers and were reported as separate sectors and engaged in the production and sales of power steering (Henglong, Jiulong, Shenyang, Wuhu, Henglong KYB and Hubei Henglong), and one holding company (Genesis). The other eight sectors were engaged in the production and sale of modular sensors (USAI), automobile steering columns (Jielong), provision of after sales and R&D services (HLUSA), production and sale of power steering (Chongqing Henglong), trade (Brazil Henglong), manufacture and sales of automobile electronic systems and parts (Wuhan Chuguanjie), research and development of intelligent automotive technology (Jingzhou Qingyan) and manufacture and sales of automotive motors and electromechanical integrated systems (Wuhan Hyoseong).

 

As of March 31, 2019, the Company had 13 product sectors, six of which were principal profit makers and were reported as separate sectors and engaged in the production and sales of power steering (Henglong, Jiulong, Shenyang, Wuhu, Henglong KYB and Hubei Henglong), and one holding company (Genesis). The other seven sectors were engaged in the production and sale of sensor modular (USAI), automobile steering columns (Jielong), provision of after-sales and R&D services (HLUSA), production and sale of power steering (Chongqing Henglong), trade (Brazil Henglong), manufacture and sales of automobile electronic systems and parts (Wuhan Chuguanjie) and research and development of intelligent automotive technology (Jingzhou Qingyan).

The Company’s product sector information for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, is as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

 

 Net Product Sales  Net (Loss)/Income  Net Product Sales  Net Income/(Loss) 
 Three Months Ended Three Months Ended  Three Months Ended Three Months Ended 
 March 31,  March 31,  March 31,  March 31, 
 2020  2019  2020  2019  2021  2020  2021  2020 
Henglong $23,907  $40,964  $(682) $(2,121) $49,079  $23,907  $799  $(682)
Jiulong  12,759   22,122   (1,450)  1,168   33,719   12,759   1,000   (1,450)
Shenyang  2,793   4,895   (170)  (299)  4,092   2,793   353   (170)
Wuhu  2,803   6,998   239   (175)  4,159   2,803   7   239 
Hubei Henglong  28,132   28,175   4,065   1,372   35,458   28,132   666   4,065 
Henglong KYB  6,126   19,954   (907)  (396)  18,206   6,126   165   (907)
Other Entities  9,482   17,296   (1,795)  1,455   21,237   9,482   508   (1,935)
Total Segments  86,002   140,404   (700)  1,004   165,950   86,002   3,498   (840)
Corporate  -   -   (61)  (301)  -   -   (217)  (61)
Eliminations  (12,447)  (31,211)  273   521   (35,609)  (12,447)  (50)  273 
Total $73,555  $109,193  $(488) $1,224  $130,341  $73,555  $3,231  $(628)

 

ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

 

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto and the other financial information contained elsewhere in this Report.

 

General Overview

 

China Automotive Systems, Inc. is a leading power steering systems supplier for the China automobile industry. The Company has business relationsrelationships with more than sixty vehicle manufacturers, including China’s top ranking domestic automobile manufacturers such as JAC Motors,motors, Changan Automobile Group, BAIC Group, SAICDongfeng Group, and Dongfeng Auto Group, the five largest automobile manufacturers in China; Shenyang Brilliance Jinbei, Co., Ltd., the largest light vehicle manufacturer in China; Chery, Automobile Co., Ltd., the largest state owned car manufacturer in China; BYD Auto Co., Ltd. and Zhejiang Geely, Automobile Co., Ltd., the largest privately owned car manufacturers in China. The PRC-based joint ventures ofas well as Sino-foreign or foreign automobile manufacturer such as General Motors, (GM), Volkswagen, Citroen, andFiat Chrysler North America are all key customers.and Ford. Starting in 2008, the Company has supplied power steering pumps and power steering geargears to the Sino-foreign joint ventures established by GM, Citroen and Volkswagen in China. The Company has supplied power steering gearsgear toFiat Chrysler North America since 2009 and to Ford Motor Company since 2016.


 

Most of the Company’s production and research and development institutes are located in China. TheAs of March 31, 2021, the Company has approximately 3,9984,566 employees dedicated to design, development, manufacture and sales of its products. By leveraging its extensive experience, innovative technology and geographic strengths, the Company aims to grow leading positions in automotive power steering systems and to further improve overall margins, long-term operating profitability and cash flows. To achieve these goals and to respond to industry factors and trends, the Company is continuing work to improve its operations and business structure and achieve profitable growth.

 


AsIn addition, as a result of the COVID-19, outbreak in the first quarter of 2020, the Company’s net product sales decreased by 33% in the first quarter of 2020 compared with the same quarter of last year. In addition, the Company’s businesses, results of operations, financial position and cash flows will behad been materially and adversely affected in the secondfirst quarter of 2020 with potential continuing impacts on subsequent periods, including but not limited to the material adverse impact on the Company’s revenues as result2020. The Company resumed operation in March of the suspension of operations, interruption of supply chain and reduction of demand by the Company’s customers. Because2020. However, because of the significant uncertainties surrounding COVID-19, which are still evolving, the extent of the business disruption, including the duration and the related financial impact on subsequent periods cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Our business operations have been and may continue to be materially and adversely affected by the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.2020.

 

Corporate Structure

 

The Company, through its subsidiaries, engages in the manufacture and sales of automotive systems and components. Great Genesis Holdings Limited, a company incorporated in Hong Kong on January 3, 2003 under the Companies Ordinance of Hong Kong as a limited liability company, “Genesis,” is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and the holding company of the Company’s joint ventures in the PRC. Henglong USA Corporation, “HLUSA,” incorporated on January 8, 2007 in Troy, Michigan, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and mainly engages in marketing of automotive parts in North America, and provides after-sales service and research and development support. CAAS Brazil’s Imports And Trade In Automotive Parts Ltd., “Brazil Henglong,” was established by Hubei Henglong Automotive System Group Co., Ltd., formerly known as Jingzhou Hengsheng Automotive System Co., Ltd., “Hubei Henglong,” as a Sino-foreign joint venture company with two Brazilian citizens in Brazil in August 2012. In May 2017, the Company obtained an additional 15.84% equity interest in Brazil Henglong for nil consideration. The Company retained its controlling interest in Brazil Henglong and the acquisition of the non-controlling interest was accounted for as an equity transaction. Fujian Qiaolong was acquired by the Company in the second quarter of 2014, as a joint venture company that mainly manufactures and distributes drainage and rescue vehicles with mass flow, drainage vehicles with vertical downhole operation, crawler-type mobile pump stations, high-altitude water supply and discharge drainage vehicles, long-range control crawler-type mobile pump stations and other vehicles, which was disposed of by the Company in the second quarter of 2016. USAI was established in 2005, and the Company and Hubei Wanlong owned 83.34% and 16.66%, respectively. During the first quarter ofIn May 2020, USAI merged with and into Wuhan Chuguanjie, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Wuhan Jielong, and it deregistered from the local business administration on April 28, 2020. Following the merger, 85.0% of Wuhan Chuguanjie was owned by the Company and 15.0% was owned by Hubei Wanlong. In April 2020, Hubei Henglong acquired 100.00% of the shares of Changchun Hualong Automotive Technology Co., Ltd., “Changchun Hualong”, for total consideration of RMB 1.20 million, equivalent to approximately $0.2 million. Changchun Hualong mainly engages in design and R&D of automotive parts. Wuhu Hongrun New Material Co., Ltd., “Wuhu Hongrun” was formed in December 2019, which mainly engages in the development, manufacturing and sale of high polymer materials.

 

Critical Accounting Estimates

 

The Company prepares its condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management periodically evaluates the estimates and judgments made. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates as a result of different assumptions or conditions. The following critical accounting policies affect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

  


The Company considers an accounting estimate to be critical if:

 

·It requires the Company to make assumptions about matters that were uncertain at the time it was making the estimate, and

 

·Changes in the estimate or different estimates that the Company could have selected would have had a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

 


The table below presents information about the nature and rationale for the Company’s critical accounting estimates:

 

Balance Sheet
Caption
  Critical
Estimate
Item
 Nature of Estimates
Required
 Assumptions/Approaches
Used
 Key Factors

Accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities

 

  

Warranty obligations

 

 Estimating warranty requires the CompanyCom-pany to forecast the resolution of existing claims and expected future claims on products sold. OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) are increasingly seeking to hold suppliers responsible for product warranties, which may impact the Company’s exposure to these costs. The Company bases its estimate on historical trends of units sold and payment amounts, combined with its current understanding of the status of existing claims and discussions with its customers.   

·OEM sourcing

·OEM policy decisions regarding warranty claims

 

          
Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and other long-term assets 

Valuation of long- lived assets and investments

 

  The Company is required from time to time to review the recoverability of certain of its assets based on projections of anticipated future cash flows, including future profitability assessments of various product lines. The Company estimates cash flows using internal budgets based on recent sales data, independent automotive production volume estimates and customer commitments.  

·Future production estimates

·Customer preferences and decisions 

          

Accounts

receivable  

 

Allowance for

doubtful

accounts  

  

The Company is required from time to time to

review the credit of customers and make timely

provision of allowance for doubtful accounts.

 The Company estimates the collectabilitycollect-ability of the receivables based on the future cash flows using historical experiences. Customer credit 
          

Inventory

 

 

Write-down of inventory

 

  The Company is required from time to time to review the cash ability of inventory based on projections of anticipated future cash flows, including write-down of inventory for prices that are higher than market price and undesirable inventories. The Company estimates cash flows using internal budgets based on recent sales data, independent automotive production volume estimates and customer commitments. 

·Future production estimates 

·Customer preferences and decisions

          

Deferred income taxes

 

 

Recoverability of deferred tax assets

 

  The Company is required to estimate whether recoverability of its deferred tax assets is more likely than not based on forecasts of taxable earnings in the related tax jurisdiction. The Company uses historical and projected future operating results, based upon approved business plans, including a review of the eligible carry forward period, tax planning opportunities and other relevant considerations.   

·Tax law changes

·Variances in future projected profitability, including by taxing entity

 


Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

Please see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements under Item 1 of Part I of this report.

 

Results of Operations

  

Three Months Ended March 31, 20202021 and 20192020

 

Selected highlights from our results of operations are as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars):

 

 Three Months Ended March 31,  Three Months Ended March 31, 
 2020  2019  Change  Change%  2021  2020  Change  Change% 
Net product sales $73,555  $109,193  $(35,638)  -32.6% $130,341  $73,555  $56,786   77.2%
Cost of products sold  62,403   95,148   (32,745)  -34.4   110,593   62,403   48,190   77.2 
Gain on other sales  600   1,269   (669)  -52.7   1,316   600   716   119.3 
Selling expenses  2,118   3,085   (967)  -31.3   5,609   2,118   3,491   164.8 
General and administrative expenses  3,429   4,590   (1,161)  -25.3   4,615   3,429   1,186   34.6 
Research and development expenses  5,053   6,602   (1,549)  -23.5   6,680   5,193   1,487   28.6 
Other income, net  117   1,407   (1,290)  -91.7   1,723   117   1,606   1,372.6 
Interest expense  (365)  (568)  203   -35.7   343   365   (22)  -6.0 
Income taxes  514   198   316   159.6   641   514   127   24.7 
Net (loss)/income  (488)  1,224   (1,712)  -139.9 
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests  (533)  (243)  (290)  119.3 
Net income attributable to parent company’s common shareholders  45   1,467   (1,422)  -96.9%
Net income/(loss)  3,231   (628)  3,859   -614.5 
Net income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interests  18   (600)  618   -103.0 
Net income/(loss) attributable to parent company’s common shareholders $3,206   (28) $3,234   -11,550.0%

 


Net Product Sales and Cost of Products Sold

 

 Net Product Sales  Cost of Products Sold  Net Product Sales Cost of Products Sold 
 (in thousands of USD,
except percentages)
  (in thousands of USD,
except percentages)
  (in thousands of USD,
except percentages)
 (in thousands of USD,
except percentages)
 
 2020 2019 Change  2020 2019 Change  2021 2020 Change 2021 2020 Change 
Henglong $23,907 $40,964   $(17,057) -41.6% $23,069 $40,742 $(17,673) -43.4% $49,079  $23,907  $25,172   105.3% $45,119  $23,069  $22,050   95.6%
Jiulong 12,759 22,122 (9,363) -42.3  13,347 18,837 (5,490) -29.1   33,719   12,759   20,960   164.3   30,668   13,347   17,321   129.8 
Shenyang 2,793 4,895 (2,102) -42.9  2,421 4,546 (2,125) -46.7   4,092   2,793   1,299   46.5   3,313   2,421   892   36.8 
Wuhu 2,803 6,998 (4,195) -59.9  2,375 6,745 (4,370) -64.8   4,159   2,803   1,356   48.4   3,872   2,375   1,497   63.0 
Hubei Henglong 28,132 28,175 (43) -0.2  19,307 21,920 (2,613) -11.9   35,458   28,132   7,326   26.0   29,485   19,307   10,178   52.7 
Henglong KYB 6,126 19,954 (13,828) -69.3  6,083 19,130 (13,047) -68.2   18,206   6,126   12,080   197.2   16,895   6,083   10,812   177.7 
Other Entities  9,482  17,296  (7,814)  -45.2   8,389  14,624  (6,235)  -42.6   21,237   9,482   11,755   124.0   16,738   8,388   8,350   99.5 
Total Segments 86,002 140,404 (54,402) -38.7  74,991 126,544 (51,553) -40.7   165,950   86,002   79,948   93.0   146,090   74,990   71,100   94.8 
Elimination  (12,447)  (31,211)  18,764  -60.1   (12,588)  (31,396)  18,808  -59.9   (35,609)  (12,447)  (23,162)  186.1   (35,497)  (12,587)  (22,910)  182.0 
Total $73,555 $109,193 $(35,638)  -32.6% $62,403 $95,148 $(32,745)  -34.4% $130,341  $73,555  $56,786   77.2% $110,593  $62,403  $48,190   77.2%
                    

 


Net Product Sales

 

Net product sales were $73.6$130.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, compared to $109.2$73.6 million for the same period in 2019,2020, representing a decreasean increase of $35.6$56.7 million, or 32.6%77.0%, mainly due to the impact of the outbreak ofmarket recovery after COVID-19.

 

Net sales of traditional steering products and parts were $65.5$105.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, compared to $87.0$65.5 million for the same period in 2019,2020, representing a decreasean increase of $21.5$40.1 million, or 24.7%61.2%. Net sales of electric power steering (“EPS”) were $8.1$24.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and $22.2$8.1 million for the same period in 2019,2020, representing a decreasean increase of $14.1 million, or 63.5%.$16.6 million. As a percentage of net sales, sales of EPS were 11.0%19.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, compared with 20.3%11.0% for the same period in 2019.2020.

 

The decreaseincrease in net product sales was due to the effects of three major factors: i) the decreaseincrease in sales volume led to a sales decreaseincrease of $27.1$60.7 million due to the significant decline ofincrease in demand as a result of the suspensionrecovery of manufacturing and operations of the Company’s customers due toafter COVID-19 around the outbreak of COVID-19;world; ii) the decrease in average selling price of steering gears led to a sales decrease of $4.1$7.9 million; and iii) the depreciationappreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar in this quarter compared to the same quarter last year resultingresulted in a sales decreaseincrease of $4.4$3.9 million.

 

Further analysis by segment (before elimination) is as follows:

  

·Henglong mainly engages in providing passenger vehicle steering systems. Net product sales for Henglong were $23.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared with $41.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, representing a decrease of $17.1 million, or 41.7%. A decrease in sales volume led to a sales decrease of $14.5 million, a decrease in selling price led to a sales decrease of $1.2 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar led to a sales decrease of $1.4 million.
Henglong mainly engages in providing passenger vehicle steering systems. Net product sales for Henglong were $49.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared with $23.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing an increase of $25.2 million, or 105.4%. An increase in sales volume led to a sales increase of $24.5 million, a decrease in selling price led to a sales decrease of $0.3 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar led to a sales increase of $1.0 million.

   

·Jiulong mainly engages in providing commercial vehicle steering systems. Net product sales for Jiulong were $12.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared with $22.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, representing a decrease of $9.3 million, or 42.1%. A decrease in sales volume led to a sales decrease of $7.5 million, a decrease in selling price led to a sales decrease of $1.0 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar led to a sales decrease of $0.8 million.
Jiulong mainly engages in providing commercial vehicle steering systems. Net product sales for Jiulong were $33.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared with $12.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing an increase of $20.9 million, or 163.3%. The increase was primarily due to the increased demand in the China commercial vehicle market after the COVID-19 pandemic along with China’s economic stimulus policies. An increase in sales volume led to a sales increase of $20.3 million, a decrease in selling price led to a sales decrease of $0.2 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar led to a sales increase of $0.8 million.

Shenyang mainly engages in providing vehicle steering systems to Shenyang Brilliance Jinbei Automobile Co., Ltd. (“Jinbei”), one of the major automotive manufacturers in China. Net product sales for Shenyang were $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $2.8 million for the same period in 2020, representing an increase of $1.3 million, or 46.4%. An increase in sales volume led to a sales increase of $1.5 million, a decrease in selling price led to a sales decrease of $0.4 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar led to a sales increase of $0.2 million.

Wuhu mainly engages in providing vehicle steering systems to Chery Automobile Co., Ltd. (“Chery”), one of the major automotive manufacturers in China. Net product sales for Wuhu were $4.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $2.8 million for the same period in 2020, representing an increase of $1.4 million, or 50.0%. An increase in sales volumes led to a sales increase of $2.5 million, a decrease in selling prices led to a sales decrease of $1.3 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar led to a sales increase of $0.2 million.

Hubei Henglong mainly engages in providing vehicle steering systems to Chrysler and Ford. Net product sales for Hubei Henglong were $35.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared with $28.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing an increase of $7.4 million, or 26.3%. An increase in sales volume led to a sales increase of $8.3 million, a decrease in selling price led to a sales decrease of $1.8 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar led to a sales increase of $0.9 million.

 


·Shenyang mainly engages in providing vehicle steering systems to Shenyang Brilliance Jinbei Automobile Co., Ltd. (“Jinbei”), one of the major automotive manufacturers in China. Net product sales for Shenyang were $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $4.9 million for the same period in 2019, representing a decrease of $2.1 million, or 42.9%. A decrease in sales volume led to a sales decrease of $1.7 million, a decrease in selling price led to a sales decrease of $0.3 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar led to a sales decrease of $0.1 million.

·Wuhu mainly engages in providing vehicle steering systems to Chery Automobile Co., Ltd. (“Chery”), one of the major automotive manufacturers in China. Net product sales for Wuhu were $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $7.0 million for the same period in 2019, representing a decrease of $4.2 million, or 60.0%. A decrease in sales volumes led to a sales decrease of $4.4 million, an increase in selling prices led to a sales increase of $0.4 million and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar led to a sales decrease of $0.2 million.

·Hubei Henglong mainly engages in providing vehicle steering systems to Chrysler and Ford. Net product sales for Hubei Henglong were $28.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared with $28.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, representing a decrease of $0.1 million, or 0.4%. An increase in sales volume led to a sales increase of $1.0 million, a decrease in selling price led to a sales decrease of $0.1 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar led to a sales decrease of $1.0 million.

·Henglong KYB mainly engages in providing passenger EPS products. Net product sales for Henglong KYB were $6.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared with $20.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, representing a decrease of $13.9 million, or 69.5%. A decrease in sales volume led to a sales decrease of $12.5 million, a decrease in selling price led to a sales decrease of $0.8 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar led to a sales decrease of $0.6 million.
Henglong KYB mainly engages in providing passenger EPS products. Net product sales for Henglong KYB were $18.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared with $6.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing an increase of $12.1 million, or 198.4%. An increase in sales volume led to a sales increase of $12.1 million, a decrease in selling price led to a sales decrease of $0.5 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar led to a sales increase of $0.5 million.

 

·Net product sales for other entities were $9.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $17.3 million for the same period in 2019, representing a decrease of $7.8 million, or 45.1%.
Net product sales for other entities were $21.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $9.5 million for the same period in 2020, representing an increase of $11.7 million, or 123.2%, mainly caused by increases in sales of Jielong and Chongqing

 

Cost of Products Sold

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, the cost of products sold was $62.4$110.6 million, compared to $95.1$62.4 million for the same period of 2019,2020, representing a decreasean increase of $32.7$48.2 million, or 34.4%77.2%. The decreaseincrease in cost of sales was mainly due to the effect of the following major factors: i) the decrease in unit price led to a cost of sales decrease of $6.3 million; (ii) the increase in sales volumes led to a cost of sales decreaseincrease of $25.8 million; ii) the decrease in unit cost led to a cost of sales decrease of $2.9$50.6 million; and iii) the depreciationappreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar resulted in a cost of sales decreaseincrease of $4.0$3.9 million. Further analysis is as follows:

 

Cost of products sold for Henglong was $45.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $23.1 million for the same period of 2020, representing an increase of $22.0 million, or 95.2%. The increase in cost of sales was mainly due to an increase in sales volumes resulting in a cost of sales increase of $21.3 million, a decrease in unit cost resulting in a cost of sales decrease of $0.3 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar resulting in a cost of sales increase of $1.0 million.

 · •Cost of products sold for HenglongJiulong was $23.1$30.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, compared to $40.7$13.3 million for the same period of 2019,2020, representing a decreasean increase of $17.6$17.4 million, or 43.2%130.8%. The decreaseincrease in cost of sales was mainly due to a decreasean increase in sales volumes resulting in a cost of sales decreaseincrease of $15.5$20.5 million, a decrease in unit cost resulting in a cost of sales decrease of $0.8$3.9 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar resulting in a cost of sales decreaseincrease of $1.3$0.8 million.

 

·Cost of products sold for Jiulong was $13.3
Cost of products sold for Shenyang was $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $18.8 million for the same period of 2019, representing a decrease of $5.5 million, or 29.3%. The decrease in cost of sales was mainly due to a decrease in sales volumes resulting in a cost of sales decrease of $6.5 million, an increase in unit cost resulting in a cost of sales increase of $1.6 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar resulting in a cost of sales decrease of $0.6 million.

·Cost of products sold for Shenyang was $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $4.5 million for the same period of 2019, representing a decrease of $2.1 million, or 46.7%. The decrease in cost of sales was mainly due to a decrease in sales volumes resulting in a cost of sales decrease of $1.6 million, a decrease in unit cost resulting in a cost of sales decrease of $0.4 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar resulting in a cost of sales decrease of $0.1 million.


·Cost of products sold for Wuhu was $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $6.7 million for the same period of 2019, representing a decrease of $4.3 million, or 64.2%. The decrease in cost of sales was mainly due to a decrease in sales volumes resulting in a cost of sales decrease of $4.2 million, an increase in unit cost resulting in a cost of sales increase of $0.1 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar resulting in a cost of sales decrease of $0.2 million.

·Cost of products sold for Hubei Henglong was $19.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $21.9 million for the same period of 2019, representing a decrease of $2.6 million, or 11.9%. The decrease in cost of sales was mainly due to an increase in sales volumes resulting in a cost of sales increase of $0.2 million, a decrease in unit cost resulting in a cost of sales decrease of $2.1 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar resulting in a cost of sales decrease of $0.7 million.

·Cost of products sold for Henglong KYB was $6.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $19.1 million for the same period of 2019, representing a decrease of $13.0 million, or 68.1%. The decrease in cost of sales was mainly due to a decrease in sales volumes resulting in a cost of sales decrease of $12.0 million, a decrease in unit cost resulting in a cost of sales decrease of $0.5 million, and the depreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar resulting in a cost of sales decrease of $0.5 million.

·Cost of products sold for other entities was $8.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $14.6 million for the same period in 2019, representing a decrease of $6.2 million, or 42.5%.

Gross margin was 15.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, compared to 12.9%$2.4 million for the same period of 2019,2020, representing an increase of 2.3%,$0.9 million, or 37.5%. The increase in cost of sales was mainly due to an increase in sales volumes resulting in a cost of sales increase of $1.1 million, a decrease in unit cost resulting in a cost of sale decrease of $0.4 million, and the changeseffect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar resulting in the product mixa cost of sales increase of $0.2 million.

Cost of products sold for Wuhu was $3.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $2.4 million for the same period of 2020, representing an increase of $1.5 million, or 62.5%. The increase in cost of sales was mainly due to an increase in sales volumes resulting in a cost of sales increase of $2.4 million, a decrease in unit cost resulting in a cost of sales decrease of $1.0 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar resulting in a cost of sales increase of $0.1 million.

Cost of products sold for Hubei Henglong was $29.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $19.3 million for the same period of 2020, representing an increase of $10.2 million, or 52.8%. The increase in cost of sales was mainly due to an increase in sales volumes resulting in a cost of sales increase of $17.2 million, a decrease in unit cost resulting in a cost of sales decrease of $7.7 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar resulting in a cost of sales increase of $0.7 million.

Cost of products sold for Henglong KYB was $16.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $6.1 million for the same period of 2020, representing an increase of $10.8 million, or 177.0%. The increase in cost of sales was mainly due to an increase in sales volumes resulting in a cost of sales increase of $11.1 million, a decrease in unit cost resulting in a cost of sales decrease of $0.7 million, and the effect of foreign currency translation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar resulting in a cost of sales increase of $0.4 million.


Cost of products sold for other entities was $16.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $8.4 million for the same period in 2020, representing an increase of $8.3 million, or 98.8%.

Gross margin was 15.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2021, which is consistent with 15.2% for the same period of 2020.

   

Selling Expenses

 

Selling expenses were $2.1$5.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, as compared with $3.1to $2.1 million for the same period of 2019,2020, representing a decreasean increase of $1.0$3.5 million, or 32.3%, which was primarily due to the lowerhigher sales volume and increased air freight expenses, resulting from the suspension of the Company’s operations for most of the quarter due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.charge.

 

General and Administrative Expenses

 

General and administrative expenses were $3.4$4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, as compared to $4.6$3.4 million for the same period of 2019,2020, representing a decreasean increase of $1.2 million, or 26.1%35.3%, which was primarily due to lower office expenses, resulting from the suspension of the Company’s operations for most of the quartermainly due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.increased payroll expenses.

 

Research and Development Expenses

 

Research and development expenses were $5.1$6.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, as compared to $5.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as comparedrepresenting an increase of $1.5 million which was mainly due to $6.6increased expenditures on R&D activities for EPS products.

Other Income

Other income, net was $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, representing a decrease of $1.5 million, or 22.7%, which was mainly due2021, as compared to cost control on research and development expenditures and the suspension of the Company’s operations for most of the quarter due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, comparedrepresenting an increase of $1.6 million, which was mainly due to the various government subsidies of $1.4 million forreceived in the first three months ended March 31, 2019, representing a decrease of $1.32021, whereas only $0.5 million was received in other income.the same period of last year.  

Interest Expense

 

Interest expense was $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, which is consistent with $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, which was primarily due to decreased loans.2020.

 

Income Taxes

 

Income tax expense was $0.5$0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, compared to $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, which was due to greater valuation allowance provided for the loss-making entities.


Net Loss Attributable to Non-controlling Interests

Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests amounted to $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, comparedwhich was due to $0.2the increase in income before income tax expenses.

Net Income/(loss) Attributable to Non-controlling Interests

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests amounted to $0.02 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.2021, compared to net loss attributable to non-controlling interests of $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

 

Net IncomeIncome/(loss) Attributable to Parent Company’s Common Shareholders

 

Net income attributable to parent company’s common shareholders was $0.1$3.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to net loss attributable to parent company’s common shareholders of $0.03 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, comparedrepresenting an increase in net income attributable to $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, representing a decreaseparent company’s common shareholders of $1.4$3.2 million.

 


Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Capital Resources and Use of Cash

 

The Company has historically financed its liquidity requirements from a variety of sources, including short-term borrowings under bank credit agreements, bankers’ acceptances, issuances of capital stock and notes and internally generated cash. As of March 31, 2020,2021, the Company had cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of $108.2$105.2 million, compared to $82.5$107.4 million as of December 31, 2019,2020, representing an increasea decrease of $25.7$2.2 million, or 31.2%2.0%

 

The Company had working capital (total current assets less total current liabilities) of $135.6$130.5 million as of March 31, 2020,2021, compared to $137.4$121.2 million as of December 31, 2019,2020, representing a decreasean increase of $1.8$9.3 million, or 1.3%7.7%.

 

Except for the expected distribution of dividends from the Company’s PRC subsidiaries to the Company in order to fund the payment of the one-time transition tax due to the U.S. Tax Reform, the Company intends to indefinitely reinvest the funds in subsidiaries established in the PRC.

 

We expect thatcannot predict the outbreak ofimpact COVID-19 willmay have material and adverse impacts on our cash flow for the second quarterrest of 2020 with potential continuing impacts on subsequent periods.2021. However, based on our liquidity assessment, we believe that our cash flow from operations and proceeds from our financing activities will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs, including our cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures, for the foreseeable future and for at least twelve months subsequent to the filing of this report.

 

Capital Source

 

The Company’s capital source is multifaceted, such as bank loans and banks’ acceptance facilities. In financing activities and operating activities, the Company’s banks require the Company to sign line of credit agreements and repay such facilities within one to two years. On the condition that the Company can provide adequate mortgage security and has not violated the terms of the line of credit agreement, such facilities can be extended for another one to two years. 

 

The Company had short-term loans of $44.1$46.2 million (See Note 7) and bankers’ acceptances of $58.1$86.6 million (See Note 8) as of March 31, 2020.2021. 

 

The Company currently expects to be able to obtain similar bank loans, i.e., RMB loans, and bankers’ acceptance facilities in the future if it can provide adequate mortgage security following the termination of the above-mentioned agreements, see the table under “Bank Arrangements” below for more information. If the Company is not able to do so, it will have to refinance such debt as it becomes due or repay that debt to the extent it has cash available from operations or from the proceeds of additional issuances of capital stock. Due to a depreciation of assets, the value of the mortgages securing the above-mentioned bank loans and banker's acceptances is expected to be reduced by approximately $12.5$16.2 million over the next 12 months. If the Company wishes to obtainmaintain the same amount of bank loans and banker's acceptances in the future, it will havemay be required by the banks to provide additional mortgages of $12.5$16.2 million as of the maturity date of such line of credit agreements, see the table under “Bank Arrangements” below for more information. The Company can still obtain a reduced line of credit with a reduction of $8.5$8.6 million, which is 68.0%52.9%, the mortgage rate,ratio, of $12.5$16.2 million, if it cannot provide additional mortgages. The Company expects that the reduction in bank loans will not have a material adverse effect on its liquidity. 

 


Bank Arrangements

 

As of March 31, 2020,2021, the principal outstanding under the Company’s credit facilities and lines of credit was as follows (figures are in thousands of USD): 

 

 Bank Due
Date
 Amount
Available(3)
  Amount
Used(4)
  Assessed
Mortgage
Value(5)
  Bank Due
Date
 Amount
Available(3)
  Amount
Used(4)
  Assessed
Mortgage
Value(5)
 
1. Comprehensive credit facilities Bank of China(2)   Sep-2020 $16,373  $6,491  $-  China Everbright Bank (1) Mar 2021  4,565   3,453   9,678 
                          
2. Comprehensive credit facilities Hubei Bank(1) Nov-2019  25,405   10,247   53,261  Shanghai Pudong Development Bank (2) Oct 2021  19,783   10,637   22,385 
                            
3. Comprehensive credit facilities Shanghai Pudong Development Bank(2) Jul-2020  18,348   9,583   20,748  China CITIC Bank (2) Aug 2022  64,675   22,605   21,680 
               China CITIC Bank (2) Aug 2021  10,652   2,563   - 
 China CITIC Bank Jun 2022  3,287   1,671   6,712 
              
4. Comprehensive credit facilities China CITIC Bank(1) (2) Jun-2020  71,982   32,931   20,107  Hubei Bank Mar 2022  25,870   24,070   70,943 
 China CITIC Bank Jun-2022  3,049   1,976   6,225 
                          
5. Comprehensive credit facilities China Everbright Bank Mar-2021  4,234   3,414   8,976  Bank of Chongqing Sep 2021  761   228   2,377 
                        
6. Comprehensive credit facilities China Merchants Bank(1) (2) Feb-2020  21,171   1,605   -  Bank of China (2)  Sep 2020  17,653   13,087   - 
                            
7. Comprehensive credit facilities Bank of Chongqing Sep-2021  706   494   2,205  China Merchants Bank (2) Oct 2021  22,826   8,742   - 
                            
8. Comprehensive credit facilities Hankou Bank(1) (2) Dec-2019  15,526   5,646   -  Agricultural Bank of China Mar 2022  1,522   1,065   4,227 
                            
9. Comprehensive credit facilities Agricultural Bank of China      Mar-2021  988   988   3,921  Huishang Bank May 2021  1,522   -   - 
                            
10. Comprehensive credit facilities Huishang Bank(1) May-2020  2,117   -   - 
              
Total   $179,899  $73,375  $115,443    $173,116  $88,121  $138,002 

 

(1)These facilities have expired. The Company is currently in the process of negotiating with these banks to renew the credit facilities.
  
(2)The comprehensive credit facilities with Shanghai Pudong Development Bank are guaranteed by Jielong and Huibei Henglong in addition to the above pledged assets. The comprehensive credit facilities with China CITIC Bank are guaranteed by Henglong and Hubei Henglong in addition to the above pledged assets. The comprehensive credit facilities with Bank of China are guaranteed by Hubei Henglong. The comprehensive credit facilities with Hankou Bank are guaranteed by Henglong. The comprehensive credit facilities with China Merchants Bank are guaranteed by Hubei Henglong.
  
(3)“Amount available” is used for the drawdown of bank loans and issuance of bank notes at the Company’s discretion. If the Company elects to utilize the facility by issuance of bank notes, additional collateral is requested to be pledged to the bank.
  
(4)“Amount used” represents the credit facilities used by the Company for the purpose of bank loans or notes payable during the facility contract period. The loans or notes payable under the credit facilities will remain outstanding regardless of the expiration of the relevant credit facilities until the separate loans or notes payable expire. The amount used includes bank loans of $41.9$38.6 million and notes payable of $32.5$49.5 million as of March 31, 2020.2021.
  
(5)In order to obtain lines of credit, the Company needs to pledge certain assets to banks. As of March 31, 2020,2021, the pledged assets included property, plant and equipment and land use rights with an aggregate assessed value of $115.4$138.0 million.

 


The Company may request the banks to issue notes payable or bank loans within its credit line using a 365-day revolving line.

 

The Company’s bank loan terms range from 69 months to 23 months. Pursuant to the comprehensive credit line arrangement, the Company pledged and guaranteed:

 

1. Land use rights and buildings with an assessed value of approximately $20.7$9.7 million as security for its comprehensive credit facility with China Everbright Bank.


2. Buildings with an assessed value of approximately $22.4 million as security for its revolving comprehensive credit facility with Shanghai Pudong Development Bank.

 

2.3. Land use rights and buildings with an assessed value of approximately $20.1$21.7 million as security for its comprehensive credit facility with China CITIC Bank Wuhan branch.Branch.

 

3.4. Land use rights and buildings with an assessed value of approximately $6.2$6.7 million as security for its comprehensive credit facility with China CITIC Bank Shenyang branch.Branch.

 

4.5. Equipment with an assessed value of approximately $53.3$70.9 million as security for its revolving comprehensive credit facility with Hubei Bank.

 

5. Land use rights and buildings6. Buildings with an assessed value of approximately $9.0$2.4 million as security for its comprehensive credit facility with China Everbright Bank.Bank of Chongqing.

 

6. Land use rights and buildings7. Buildings with an assessed value of approximately $3.9$4.2 million as security for its comprehensive credit facility with Agricultural Bank of China.

7. Land use rights and buildings with an assessed value of approximately $2.2 million as security for its comprehensive credit facility with Bank of Chongqing.

 

Short-term and Long-term Loans

  

The following table summarizes the contract information of short-term and long-term borrowings between the banks, government and the Company as of March 31, 20202021 (figures are in thousands of USD).

 


Bank

Government

 Purpose 

 

Borrowing 

Date

 

Borrowing 

Term 

(Months)

  

Annual 

Interest 

Rate

  

Date of 

Interest 

Payment

 Due Date 

Amount 

Payable on

Due Date

 
     Borrowing     Annual Date of  
Bank  Borrowing Term     Interest Interest  
Government Purpose Date (Months) Principal Rate Payment Due Date
Financial Bureau of Jingzhou Development Zone Working Capital Aug 07, 2019  23   3,044   3.80% Pay annually Jun 30, 2021
                  
Financial Bureau of Jingzhou Development Zone Working Capital Sep 03, 2019  22   4,565   3.80% Pay annually Jun 30, 2021
                  
Agricultural Bank of China Working Capital Mar 18, 2021  12   1,065   4.05% Pay monthly Mar 17, 2022
                  
China CITIC Bank Working Capital Jun 19, 2020  12   2,729   2.50% Pay in arrear Jun 18, 2021
                  
China CITIC Bank Working Capital Mar 22, 2021  12   4,112   3.45% Pay in arrear Mar 22, 2022
                  
Bank of China(1) Working Capital May 27, 2019  12   4.35% Pay monthly May 26, 2020  6,492  Working Capital Apr 29, 2020  12   6,087   3.92% Pay monthly Apr 28, 2021
                                      
China CITIC Bank(1) Working Capital Jun 26, 2019  12   3.49% Pay in arrear Jun 19, 2020  887  Working Capital Apr 29, 2020  12   1,522   4.35% Pay monthly Apr 29, 2021
                    
Hankou Bank Working Capital Jun 28, 2019  12   4.80% Pay monthly Jun 28, 2020  5,646 
                                      
China CITIC Bank Working Capital Jul 01, 2019  12   3.49% Pay in arrear Jun 24, 2020  464  Working Capital May 20, 2020  12   1,522   4.35% Pay monthly May 20, 2021
                                      
China CITIC Bank Working Capital Jul 08, 2019  12   3.47% Pay in arrear Jul 03, 2020  1,290  Working Capital May 29, 2020  12   1,522   4.00% Pay monthly May 29, 2021
                                      
China CITIC Bank Working Capital Jul 09, 2019  12   3.47% Pay in arrear Jul 07, 2020  4,309  Working Capital Jun 19, 2020  12   2,922   2.50% Pay in arrear Jun 18, 2021
                                      
China CITIC Bank Working Capital Jul 09, 2019  12   3.47% Pay in arrear Jul 07, 2020  1,759  Working Capital Mar 22, 2021  12   6,831   3.45% Pay in arrear Mar 18, 2022
                                      
China CITIC Bank Working Capital Aug 06, 2019  12   5.22% Pay monthly Aug 06, 2020  1,976 
                    
Financial Bureau of Jingzhou Development Zone Working Capital Aug 07, 2019  23   3.80% Pay annually Jun 30, 2021  2,823 
                    
China CITIC Bank(1) Working Capital Aug 23, 2019  8   4.80% Pay monthly Apr 23, 2020  1,411 
                    
Financial Bureau of Jingzhou Development Zone Working Capital Sep 03, 2019  22   3.80% Pay annually Jun 30, 2021  4,234 
Bank of China Working Capital Jun 28, 2020  12   7,000   3.80% Pay monthly Jun 27, 2021
                                      
China CITIC Bank Working Capital Sep 11, 2019  12   3.15% Pay in arrear Sep 09, 2020  2,531  Working Capital Sep 03, 2020  12   1,522   4.35% Pay monthly Sep 03, 2021
                                      
China CITIC Bank Working Capital Sep 20, 2019  12   3.04% Pay in arrear Sep 11, 2020  1,041  Working Capital Sep 11, 2020  12   1,522   5.22% Pay monthly Sep 11, 2021
                                      
Financial Bureau of Jingzhou Development Zone Working Capital Dec 26, 2019  12   3.48% Pay annually Dec 25, 2020  2,117 
Bank of ChongQing Working Capital Dec 29, 2020  9   228   4.05% Pay monthly Sep 19, 2021
                             $46,193         
Bank of Chongqing Working Capital Jan 16, 2020  12   4.35% Pay monthly Jan 13, 2021  282 
                    
China Merchants Bank Working Capital Jan 21, 2020  6   2.78% Pay in arrear Jul 19, 2020  2,700 
                    
Bank of Chongqing Working Capital Feb 18, 2020  12   4.35% Pay monthly Feb 17, 2021  212 
                    
China CITIC Bank Working Capital Mar 23, 2020  8   4.35% Pay monthly Nov 23, 2020  2,399 
                    
Agricultural Bank of China Working Capital Mar 25, 2020  12   4.05% Pay monthly Mar 22, 2021  988 
                    
China CITIC Bank Working Capital Mar 27, 2020  12   2.50% Pay in arrear Mar 26, 2021  3,990 
                    
China CITIC Bank Working Capital Mar 27, 2020  12   2.50% Pay in arrear Mar 26, 2021  3,563 
                 $51,114 

 

(1)These bank loans were repaid between April 2020 and June 2020May 2021 when they became due.

 


The Company must use the loans for the purpose described and repay the principal outstanding on the specified date in the table. If it fails to do so, it will be charged additional 30% to 100% penalty interest.

 

The Company has complied with such financial covenants as of March 31, 2020, and management expects it will continue to comply with them.2021.

 


Notes Payable

 

The following table summarizes the contract information of issuing notes payable between the banks and the Company as of March 31, 20202021 (figures are in thousands of USD):

 

Purpose Term (Months)  Due Date Amount
Payable on
Due Date
  Term (Months)  Due Date  Amount
Payable on
Due Date
 
Working Capital(1)  6  Apr. 2020  14,684   6   Apr. 2021   13,167 
Working Capital(1)  6  May 2020  9,951   6   May. 2021   14,691 
Working Capital  6  Jun. 2020  12,177   6   Jun. 2021   15,390 
Working Capital  6  Jul. 2020  9,977   6   Jul. 2021   11,879 
Working Capital  6  Aug. 2020  71   6   Aug. 2021   16,273 
Working Capital  6  Sep. 2020  11,269   6   Sep. 2021   15,152 
Total (See Note 8)     $58,129                        $86,552 

 

(1)The notes payable were repaid in full on their respective due dates.

 

The Company must use notes payable for the purpose described in the table. If it fails to do so, the banks will no longer issue the notes payable, and it may have an adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity and capital resources. The Company has to deposit a sufficient cash in the designated account of the bank on the due date of notes payable for payment to the suppliers. If the bank has advanced payment for the Company, it will be charged aan additional 50% penalty interest at 50% of the loan rate that is published by the People’s Bank of China for the same period.interest. The Company complied with such financial covenants as of March 31, 2020, and management expects it will continue to comply with them.2021. 

 

Cash Flows

 

(a)Operating Activities

 

Net cash provided byused in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 was $29.2$0.8 million, compared with net cash usedprovided in operating activities of $18.2$29.2 million for the same period of 2019,2020, representing an increase in net cash inflowsoutflows by $47.4$30.0 million, which was mainly due to (1) the decreaseincrease in net income excluding non-cash items by $0.4$5.7 million, and (2) the increasedecrease in cash inflows from movements of operating assetsaccounts and liabilitiesnotes receivable by $47.8$37.4 million, (3) the decrease in the cash outflows from movements of accounts and notes payable by $19.6 million, and (4) a combination of other factors contributing an increase of cash outflows by $17.9 million.

 


(b)Investing Activities

 

Net cash provided byused in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 was $1.7$5.8 million, as compared to net cash used inprovided by investing activities of $10.0$1.7 million for the same period of 2019,2020, representing an increase in net cash inflowsoutflows by $11.7$7.5 million, which was mainly due to the net effect of (1) a decreasean increase in payments to acquire property, plant and equipment by $6.8$1.3 million, and (2) a combination of other factors contributing an increase of cash inflows by $4.9$6.3 million, primarily including a decreasean increase in purchase of short-term investment by $15.6$14.7 million, offset by the decreaseincrease in cash received from proceeds from maturities of short-term investmentsinvestment and long-term time deposits by $9.1$4.1 million, and a decrease in investment under the equity method by $2.6 million.

   

(c)Financing Activities

 

Net cash used inprovided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 was $2.9$1.4 million, compared to net cash provided byused in financing activities of $2.0$2.9 million for the same period of 2019,2020, representing an increase in net cash outflowsinflows by $4.9$4.3 million, which was mainly due to the net effect of (1) a decrease in proceeds from bank loan by $0.9$1.8 million, and (2) an increasea decrease in repayment of bank loans by $4.3 million, and (3) a decrease in payment for common share repurchases by $0.3$6.1 million.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

As of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Company did not have any significant transactions, obligations or relationships that could be considered off-balance sheet arrangements.

 


ITEM 3.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

 

There were no material changes to the disclosure made in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20192020 regarding this matter.

   

ITEM 4.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

 

A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

The Company’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of its chief executive officer and chief financial officer, Messrs. Wu Qizhou and Li Jie, respectively, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2020,2021, the end of the period covered by this Report. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports, such as this Form 10-Q, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on that evaluation, Messrs. Wu and Li concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2020.2021.

 

The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of its disclosure control system are met. Because of inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, within a company have been detected.

  

B.Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 20202021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 


PART II. — OTHER INFORMATION

 

ITEM 1.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

 

On January 7, 2019, three purported stockholders of the Company filed a stockholder derivative complaint on behalf of the Company against the Company’s directors Hanlin Chen, Qizhou Wu and Guangxun Xu and former directors Arthur Wong and Robert Tung in the Delaware Court of Chancery, alleging that they had (a) breached their fiduciary duties by approving and paying excessive compensation to the non-employee directors of the Company, Arthur Wong, Guangxun Xu and Robert Tung, and (b) failed to make full and accurate disclosure of all material information with respect to director qualification and director compensation paid in 2017 in the Company’s annual proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed on October 10, 2018. The directors have engaged their own counsel to answer this complaint. On April 9, 2019, the Company moved to dismiss the complaint. The motion to dismiss was denied on July 17, 2019. In November 2020, the Company reached a settlement to resolve the lawsuit for the sum of $55,998. The directorsCompany did not admit any liability in reaching the settlement. On February 5, 2021, the Court of Chancery conducted a hearing to confirm the settlement of the Company will continuestockholder derivative action. The Court entered a Final Order and Judgment approving the settlement. The Court further ordered that the plaintiffs’ application for an award of attorneys’ fees and reimbursement of litigation expenses be reduced from $100,000 to answer this complaint. Management expects the impact of the suit$30,000. The Court’s Final Order and Judgment is publicly available on the Company’s consolidated financial statements to be immaterial.Court of Chancery docket. As of March 31, 2021, the Company has received above settlement of $55,998 from the directors and paid the above attorneys’ fees and reimbursement of litigation expenses.

 

Other than as described above, the Company is not a party to any pending or, to the best of the Company’s knowledge, any threatened legal proceedings and no director, officer or affiliate of the Company, or owner of record of more than five percent of the securities of the Company, or any associate of any such director, officer or security holder is a party adverse to the Company or has a material interest adverse to the Company in reference to pending litigation.

 


ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORS.

 

The following language is added to the risk factor “The audit report included in this annual report is prepared by an auditor that is not inspected by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and, as such, you are deprived of the benefits of such inspection” disclosed in Item 1A of the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K:

As part of a continued regulatory focus in the United States on access to audit and other information currently protected by national law, in particular China's, in June 2019, a bipartisan group of lawmakers introduced bills in both houses of Congress that would require the SEC to maintain a list of issuers for which the PCAOB is not able to inspect or investigate an auditor report issued by a foreign public accounting firm. The Ensuring Quality Information and Transparency for Abroad-Based Listings on our Exchanges (EQUITABLE) Act prescribes increased disclosure requirements for such issuers and, beginning in 2025, the delisting from national securities exchanges of issuers included on the SEC’s list for three consecutive years.

On May 20, 2020, the U.S. Senate passed S.945, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act. If passed by the U.S. House of Representatives and signed by the U.S. President, this bill would amend the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to direct the SEC to prohibit securities of any registrant from being listed on any of the U.S. securities exchanges or traded "over-the-counter" if the auditor of the registrant's financial statements is not subject to PCAOB inspection for three consecutive years. Enactment of any of such legislation or other efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could cause investor uncertainty for affected issuers, including us, the market price of our shares could be adversely affected, and we could be delisted if we are unable to cure the situation to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement in time. It is unclear if and when any of such proposed legislation will be enacted. Furthermore, there have been recent media reports on deliberations within the U.S. government regarding potentially limiting or restricting China-based companies from accessing U.S. capital markets. On June 4, 2020, the U.S. President issued a memorandum ordering the President's Working Group on Financial Markets to submit a report to the President within 60 days of the memorandum that includes recommendations for actions that can be taken by the executive branch and by the SEC or the PCAOB with respect to Chinese companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges and their audit firms, in an effort to protect investors in the United States. However, it remains unclear what further actions, if any, will be taken by the U.S. Executive Branch, the SEC and PCAOB. If any such deliberations were to materialize, the resulting legislation may have a material and adverse impact on the stock performance of China-based issuers listed in the United States.

Other than the above, thereThere have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Item 1A of the Company’s 20192020 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

  

ITEM 2.UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

 

None.

 

ITEM 3.DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.

 

None.

 

ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

 

Not applicable.

  

ITEM 5.OTHER INFORMATION.

 

None.

 


ITEM 6.EXHIBITS.

 

INDEX TO EXHIBITS

 

Exhibit
Number
 Description
3.1(i)Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference from the filing on Form 10SB12G File No. 000-33123).
   
3.1(ii)Bylaws (incorporated by reference from the Form 10SB12G File No. 000-33123).
   
10.1 Joint-venture Agreement, dated March 31, 2006, as amended on May 2, 2006, between Great Genesis Holdings Limited and Wuhu Chery Technology Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Form 10-Q Quarterly Report on May 10, 2006).
   
10.2 Stock Exchange Agreement dated August 11, 2014 by and among Jingzhou City Jiulong Machinery Electricity Manufacturing Co., Ltd., China Automotive Systems, Inc. and Hubei Henglong Automotive System Group Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 10-Q Quarterly Report on August 13, 2014).
   
10.3 English translation of Joint Venture Contract, dated as of April 27, 2018, by and between Hubei Henglong Automotive System Group Co., Ltd. and KYB (China) Investment Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 27, 2018).
   
31.1 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification*
   
31.2 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification*
   
32.1 Section 1350 Certification*
   
32.2 Section 1350 Certification*

101* The following materials from the China Automotive Systems, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020,2021, were filed on June 23, 2020May 12, 2021 formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL):

 (i)Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income,
   
 (ii)Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets,
   
 (iii)Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and
   
 (iv)related notes
   
 *filed herewith

 


SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

 CHINA AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
 (Registrant)
   
Date: June 23, 2020May 12, 2021By:/ s/Qizhou Wu
  Qizhou Wu
  President and Chief Executive Officer
   
Date: June 23, 2020May 12, 2021By:/s/Jie Li
  Jie Li
  Chief Financial Officer