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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 For the quarterly period ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 For the Transition Period from              to             
 
Commission File Number 001-16707
Prudential Financial, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter) 
New Jersey22-3703799
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
751 Broad Street
Newark, NJ 07102
(973) 802-6000
(Address and Telephone Number of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:
Title of Each Class Trading Symbols(s)Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, Par Value $.01PRUNew York Stock Exchange
5.625% Junior Subordinated NotesPRSNew York Stock Exchange
4.125% Junior Subordinated NotesPFHNew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of the Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated FilerxAccelerated Filer
Non-accelerated FilerSmaller Reporting Company
Emerging Growth Company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐  No  x

As of OctoberJuly 31, 2021, 3782022, 372 million shares of the registrant’s Common Stock (par value $0.01) were outstanding.


Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
  Page
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 6.



Table of Contents
Forward-Looking Statements

Certain of the statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “expects,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “includes,” “plans,” “assumes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “should,” “will,” “shall” or variations of such words are generally part of forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are made based on management’s current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects upon Prudential Financial, Inc. and its subsidiaries. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting Prudential Financial, Inc. and its subsidiaries will be those anticipated by management. These forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and there are certain important factors that could cause actual results to differ, possibly materially, from expectations or estimates reflected in such forward-looking statements, including, among others: (1) the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy, financial markets and our business; (2) losses on investments or financial contracts due to deterioration in credit quality or value, or counterparty default; (3) losses on insurance products due to mortality experience, morbidity experience or policyholder behavior experience that differs significantly from our expectations when we price our products; (4) changes in interest rates, equity prices and foreign currency exchange rates that may (a) adversely impact the profitability of our products, the value of separate accounts supporting these products or the value of assets we manage, (b) result in losses on derivatives we use to hedge risk or increase collateral posting requirements and (c) limit opportunities to invest at appropriate returns; (5) guarantees within certain of our products which are market sensitive and may decrease our earnings or increase the volatility of our results of operations or financial position; (6) liquidity needs resulting from (a) derivative collateral market exposure, (b) asset/liability mismatches, (c) the lack of available funding in the financial markets or (d) unexpected cash demands due to severe mortality calamity or lapse events; (7) financial or customer losses, or regulatory and legal actions, due to inadequate or failed processes or systems, external events, and human error or misconduct such as (a) disruption of our systems and data, (b) an information security breach, (c) a failure to protect the privacy of sensitive data, (d) reliance on third-parties or (e) labor and employment matters; (8) changes in the regulatory landscape, including related to (a) financial sector regulatory reform, (b) changes in tax laws, (c) fiduciary rules and other standards of care, (d) U.S. state insurance laws and developments regarding group-wide supervision, capital and reserves, (e) insurer capital standards outside the U.S. and (f) privacy and cybersecurity regulation; (9) technological changes which may adversely impact companies in our investment portfolio or cause insurance experience to deviate from our assumptions; (10) an inability to protect our intellectual property rights or claims of infringement of the intellectual property rights of others; (11) ratings downgrades; (12) market conditions that may adversely affect the sales or persistency of our products; (13) competition; (14) reputational damage; (15) the costs, effects, timing, or success of our plans to execute our strategy; and (16) the integration of Assurance IQ, LLC into our strategy. Prudential Financial, Inc. does not undertake to update any particular forward-looking statement included in this document. See “Risk Factors” included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20202021 for discussion of certain risks relating to our businesses and investment in our securities.












































i

Table of Contents
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Financial Statements
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 20202021 (in millions, except share amounts)
September 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
ASSETSASSETSASSETS
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value (allowance for credit losses: 2021-$92; 2020-$133) (amortized cost: 2021-$332,957; 2020-$354,470)(1)$373,252 $412,905 
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses (allowance for credit losses: 2021-$6; 2020-$9) (fair value: 2021-$1,956; 2020-$2,298)(1)1,644 1,930 
Fixed maturities, trading, at fair value (amortized cost: 2021-$9,583; 2020-$3,670)(1)9,548 3,914 
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value (allowance for credit losses: 2022-$109; 2021-$114) (amortized cost: 2022-$319,003; 2021-$333,459)(1)Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value (allowance for credit losses: 2022-$109; 2021-$114) (amortized cost: 2022-$319,003; 2021-$333,459)(1)$306,655 $372,410 
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses (allowance for credit losses: 2022-$3; 2021-$5) (fair value: 2022-$1,475; 2021-$1,803)(1)Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses (allowance for credit losses: 2022-$3; 2021-$5) (fair value: 2022-$1,475; 2021-$1,803)(1)1,280 1,514 
Fixed maturities, trading, at fair value (amortized cost: 2022-$7,354; 2021-$8,741)(1)Fixed maturities, trading, at fair value (amortized cost: 2022-$7,354; 2021-$8,741)(1)6,272 8,823 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, at fair valueAssets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, at fair value3,424 24,115 Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, at fair value2,785 3,358 
Equity securities, at fair value (cost: 2021-$5,100; 2020-$5,968)(1)7,727 8,135 
Commercial mortgage and other loans (net of $117 and $235 allowance for credit losses; includes $1,106 and $1,092 of loans measured at fair value under the fair value option at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)(1)57,786 65,425 
Equity securities, at fair value (cost: 2022-$4,502; 2021-$5,815)(1)Equity securities, at fair value (cost: 2022-$4,502; 2021-$5,815)(1)6,402 8,574 
Commercial mortgage and other loans (net of $196 and $119 allowance for credit losses; includes $303 and $1,263 of loans measured at fair value under the fair value option at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively)(1)Commercial mortgage and other loans (net of $196 and $119 allowance for credit losses; includes $303 and $1,263 of loans measured at fair value under the fair value option at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively)(1)56,840 58,666 
Policy loansPolicy loans10,471 11,271 Policy loans10,024 10,386 
Other invested assets (net of $2 and $2 allowance for credit losses; includes $6,965 and $6,407 of assets measured at fair value at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)(1)20,205 18,125 
Short-term investments (net of allowance for credit losses: 2021-$0; 2020-$1)4,733 7,800 
Other invested assets (net of $1 and $2 allowance for credit losses; includes $6,743 and $8,046 of assets measured at fair value at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively)(1)Other invested assets (net of $1 and $2 allowance for credit losses; includes $6,743 and $8,046 of assets measured at fair value at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively)(1)21,310 21,833 
Short-term investments (net of allowance for credit losses: 2022-$0; 2021-$0)Short-term investments (net of allowance for credit losses: 2022-$0; 2021-$0)6,828 6,635 
Total investmentsTotal investments488,790 553,620 Total investments418,396 492,199 
Cash and cash equivalents(1)Cash and cash equivalents(1)15,605 13,701 Cash and cash equivalents(1)14,359 12,888 
Accrued investment income(1)Accrued investment income(1)2,808 3,193 Accrued investment income(1)2,798 2,855 
Deferred policy acquisition costsDeferred policy acquisition costs18,067 19,027 Deferred policy acquisition costs18,632 18,192 
Value of business acquiredValue of business acquired815 1,103 Value of business acquired571 771 
Income tax assetsIncome tax assets696 
Assets held-for-sale(2)Assets held-for-sale(2)143,910 Assets held-for-sale(2)153,793 
Other assets (net of allowance for credit losses: 2021-$16; 2020-$11)(1)20,735 22,801 
Other assets (net of allowance for credit losses: 2022-$21; 2021-$19)(1)Other assets (net of allowance for credit losses: 2022-$21; 2021-$19)(1)34,534 10,739 
Separate account assetsSeparate account assets241,852 327,277 Separate account assets205,613 246,145 
TOTAL ASSETSTOTAL ASSETS$932,582 $940,722 TOTAL ASSETS$695,599 $937,582 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITYLIABILITIES AND EQUITYLIABILITIES AND EQUITY
LIABILITIESLIABILITIESLIABILITIES
Future policy benefitsFuture policy benefits$291,721 $306,343 Future policy benefits$275,096 $290,784 
Policyholders’ account balancesPolicyholders’ account balances122,337 161,682 Policyholders’ account balances130,352 122,633 
Policyholders’ dividendsPolicyholders’ dividends8,448 9,524 Policyholders’ dividends2,256 8,731 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchaseSecurities sold under agreements to repurchase9,899 10,894 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase8,006 10,185 
Cash collateral for loaned securitiesCash collateral for loaned securities4,382 3,499 Cash collateral for loaned securities5,741 4,251 
Income taxes10,540 12,022 
Income tax liabilitiesIncome tax liabilities9,513 
Short-term debtShort-term debt909 925 Short-term debt558 722 
Long-term debtLong-term debt18,687 19,718 Long-term debt19,612 18,622 
Liabilities held-for-sale(2)Liabilities held-for-sale(2)140,736 Liabilities held-for-sale(2)151,359 
Other liabilities (net of allowance for credit losses: 2021-$21; 2020-$20 )(1)20,230 20,323 
Other liabilities (including allowance for credit losses: 2022-$18; 2021-$21 )(1)Other liabilities (including allowance for credit losses: 2022-$18; 2021-$21 )(1)19,215 11,755 
Notes issued by consolidated variable interest entities(1)Notes issued by consolidated variable interest entities(1)282 305 Notes issued by consolidated variable interest entities(1)232 274 
Separate account liabilitiesSeparate account liabilities241,852 327,277 Separate account liabilities205,613 246,145 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities870,023 872,512 Total liabilities666,681 874,974 
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (See Note 14)COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (See Note 14)00COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (See Note 14)00
EQUITYEQUITYEQUITY
Preferred Stock ($0.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued)Preferred Stock ($0.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued)Preferred Stock ($0.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued)
Common Stock ($0.01 par value; 1,500,000,000 shares authorized; 666,305,189 shares issued as of both September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020)
Common Stock ($0.01 par value; 1,500,000,000 shares authorized; 666,305,189 shares issued as of both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021)Common Stock ($0.01 par value; 1,500,000,000 shares authorized; 666,305,189 shares issued as of both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021)
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital25,680 25,584 Additional paid-in capital25,661 25,732 
Common Stock held in treasury, at cost (287,361,658 and 269,867,738 shares at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)(21,522)(19,652)
Common Stock held in treasury, at cost (293,684,307 and 290,018,851 shares at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively)Common Stock held in treasury, at cost (293,684,307 and 290,018,851 shares at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively)(22,391)(21,838)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)21,836 30,738 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(10,178)21,324 
Retained earningsRetained earnings35,887 30,749 Retained earnings35,137 36,652 
Total Prudential Financial, Inc. equityTotal Prudential Financial, Inc. equity61,887 67,425 Total Prudential Financial, Inc. equity28,235 61,876 
Noncontrolling interestsNoncontrolling interests672 785 Noncontrolling interests683 732 
Total equityTotal equity62,559 68,210 Total equity28,918 62,608 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITYTOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY$932,582 $940,722 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY$695,599 $937,582 
__________
(1)See Note 4 for details of balances associated with variable interest entities.
(2)See Note 1 for details of the assets and liabilities classified as “held-for-sale” as of September 30, 2021..

See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
1

Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations
Three and NineSix Months Ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 20202021 (in millions, except per share amounts)
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021202020212020 2022202120222021
REVENUESREVENUESREVENUES
PremiumsPremiums$13,193 $7,482 $27,515 $22,839 Premiums$7,112 $6,779 $15,064 $14,322 
Policy charges and fee incomePolicy charges and fee income1,570 1,464 4,460 4,476 Policy charges and fee income1,551 1,400 3,010 2,890 
Net investment incomeNet investment income4,717 4,446 13,651 12,834 Net investment income3,938 4,552 8,296 8,934 
Asset management and service feesAsset management and service fees1,229 1,120 3,603 3,144 Asset management and service fees987 1,198 2,120 2,374 
Other income (loss)Other income (loss)500 992 2,135 (125)Other income (loss)580 1,353 (791)1,635 
Realized investment gains (losses), netRealized investment gains (losses), net432 (79)3,146 (2,164)Realized investment gains (losses), net(1,147)635 (1,463)2,714 
Total revenuesTotal revenues21,641 15,425 54,510 41,004 Total revenues13,021 15,917 26,236 32,869 
BENEFITS AND EXPENSESBENEFITS AND EXPENSESBENEFITS AND EXPENSES
Policyholders’ benefitsPolicyholders’ benefits14,401 8,312 30,126 25,768 Policyholders’ benefits9,612 7,615 18,480 15,725 
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesInterest credited to policyholders’ account balances917 1,151 2,759 3,375 Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances665 1,074 834 1,842 
Dividends to policyholdersDividends to policyholders602 554 2,039 1,008 Dividends to policyholders(207)833 28 1,437 
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costsAmortization of deferred policy acquisition costs529 638 1,662 1,882 Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs581 392 1,428 1,133 
General and administrative expensesGeneral and administrative expenses3,386 3,323 9,931 10,194 General and administrative expenses2,881 3,230 6,092 6,545 
Total benefits and expensesTotal benefits and expenses19,835 13,978 46,517 42,227 Total benefits and expenses13,532 13,144 26,862 26,682 
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND EQUITY IN EARNINGS OF OPERATING JOINT VENTURESINCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND EQUITY IN EARNINGS OF OPERATING JOINT VENTURES1,806 1,447 7,993 (1,223)INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND EQUITY IN EARNINGS OF OPERATING JOINT VENTURES(511)2,773 (626)6,187 
Total income tax expense (benefit)Total income tax expense (benefit)259 (50)1,504 Total income tax expense (benefit)11 609 (58)1,245 
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE EQUITY IN EARNINGS OF OPERATING JOINT VENTURESINCOME (LOSS) BEFORE EQUITY IN EARNINGS OF OPERATING JOINT VENTURES1,547 1,497 6,489 (1,230)INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE EQUITY IN EARNINGS OF OPERATING JOINT VENTURES(522)2,164 (568)4,942 
Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures, net of taxesEquity in earnings of operating joint ventures, net of taxes18 10 63 62 Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures, net of taxes(50)19 (48)45 
NET INCOME (LOSS)NET INCOME (LOSS)1,565 1,507 6,552 (1,168)NET INCOME (LOSS)(572)2,183 (616)4,987 
Less: Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interestsLess: Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests35 20 36 25 Less: Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests(7)25 (20)
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.$1,530 $1,487 $6,516 $(1,193)NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.$(565)$2,158 $(596)$4,986 
EARNINGS PER SHAREEARNINGS PER SHAREEARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share-Common Stock:Basic earnings per share-Common Stock:Basic earnings per share-Common Stock:
Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial, Inc.Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial, Inc.$3.92 $3.72 $16.44 $(3.06)Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial, Inc.$(1.53)$5.44 $(1.62)$12.47 
Diluted earnings per share-Common Stock:Diluted earnings per share-Common Stock:Diluted earnings per share-Common Stock:
Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial, Inc.Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial, Inc.$3.90 $3.70 $16.32 $(3.06)Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial, Inc.$(1.53)$5.40 $(1.62)$12.39 






See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
2

Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Three and NineSix Months Ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 20202021 (in millions)
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021202020212020 2022202120222021
NET INCOME (LOSS)NET INCOME (LOSS)$1,565 $1,507 $6,552 $(1,168)NET INCOME (LOSS)$(572)$2,183 $(616)$4,987 
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments for the periodForeign currency translation adjustments for the period(160)329 (889)122 Foreign currency translation adjustments for the period(984)(48)(1,336)(729)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)Net unrealized investment gains (losses)(1,740)(1,853)(10,515)6,894 Net unrealized investment gains (losses)(17,740)5,353 (39,510)(8,775)
Defined benefit pension and postretirement unrecognized periodic benefit (cost)Defined benefit pension and postretirement unrecognized periodic benefit (cost)69 74 239 218 Defined benefit pension and postretirement unrecognized periodic benefit (cost)388 74 453 170 
TotalTotal(1,831)(1,450)(11,165)7,234 Total(18,336)5,379 (40,393)(9,334)
Less: Income tax expense (benefit) related to other comprehensive income (loss)Less: Income tax expense (benefit) related to other comprehensive income (loss)(397)(620)(2,254)1,265 Less: Income tax expense (benefit) related to other comprehensive income (loss)(3,953)1,319 (8,890)(1,857)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxesOther comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes(1,434)(830)(8,911)5,969 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes(14,383)4,060 (31,503)(7,477)
Comprehensive income (loss)Comprehensive income (loss)131 677 (2,359)4,801 Comprehensive income (loss)(14,955)6,243 (32,119)(2,490)
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interestsLess: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests42 26 27 32 Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests(7)27 (21)(15)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial, Inc.Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial, Inc.$89 $651 $(2,386)$4,769 Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial, Inc.$(14,948)$6,216 $(32,098)$(2,475)
 



See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
 
3

Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Equity
Three and NineSix Months Ended SeptemberJune 30, 2022, and 2021 (in millions)
 
Prudential Financial, Inc. Equity   Prudential Financial, Inc. Equity  
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Common
Stock
Held In
Treasury
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Total
Prudential
Financial, Inc.
Equity
Noncontrolling
Interests
Total
Equity
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Common
Stock
Held In
Treasury
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Total
Prudential
Financial, Inc.
Equity
Noncontrolling
Interests
Total
Equity
Balance, December 31, 2020$$25,584 $30,749 $(19,652)$30,738 $67,425 $785 $68,210 
Balance, December 31, 2021Balance, December 31, 2021$$25,732 $36,652 $(21,838)$21,324 $61,876 $732 $62,608 
Common Stock acquiredCommon Stock acquired(375)(375)(375)Common Stock acquired(375)(375)(375)
Contributions from noncontrolling interestsContributions from noncontrolling interestsContributions from noncontrolling interests
Distributions to noncontrolling interestsDistributions to noncontrolling interests(6)(6)Distributions to noncontrolling interests(21)(21)
Stock-based compensation programsStock-based compensation programs(5)149 144 144 Stock-based compensation programs(73)162 89 89 
Dividends declared on Common StockDividends declared on Common Stock(467)(467)(467)Dividends declared on Common Stock(462)(462)(462)
Comprehensive income:Comprehensive income:Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)2,828 2,828 (24)2,804 Net income (loss)(31)(31)(13)(44)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxOther comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(11,519)(11,519)(18)(11,537)Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(17,119)(17,119)(1)(17,120)
Total comprehensive income (loss)Total comprehensive income (loss)(8,691)(42)(8,733)Total comprehensive income (loss)(17,150)(14)(17,164)
Balance, March 31, 202125,579 33,110 (19,878)19,219 58,036 740 58,776 
Common Stock acquired(875)(875)(875)
Balance, March 31, 2022Balance, March 31, 202225,659 36,159 (22,051)4,205 43,978 700 44,678 
Contributions from noncontrolling interests
Distributions to noncontrolling interests(22)(22)
Consolidations (deconsolidations) of noncontrolling interests(118)(118)
Stock-based compensation programs65 66 131 131 
Dividends declared on Common Stock(460)(460)(460)
Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)2,158 2,158 25 2,183 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax4,058 4,058 4,060 
Total comprehensive income (loss)6,216 27 6,243 
Balance, June 30, 202125,644 34,808 (20,687)23,277 63,048 636 63,684 
Common Stock acquiredCommon Stock acquired(875)(875)(875)Common Stock acquired(375)(375)(375)
Contributions from noncontrolling interestsContributions from noncontrolling interests16 16 Contributions from noncontrolling interests26 26 
Distributions to noncontrolling interestsDistributions to noncontrolling interests(22)(22)Distributions to noncontrolling interests(36)(36)
Stock-based compensation programsStock-based compensation programs36 40 76 76 Stock-based compensation programs35 37 37 
Dividends declared on Common StockDividends declared on Common Stock(451)(451)(451)Dividends declared on Common Stock(457)(457)(457)
Comprehensive income:Comprehensive income:Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)1,530 1,530 35 1,565 Net income (loss)(565)(565)(7)(572)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxOther comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(1,441)(1,441)(1,434)Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(14,383)(14,383)(14,383)
Total comprehensive income (loss)Total comprehensive income (loss)89 42 131 Total comprehensive income (loss)(14,948)(7)(14,955)
Balance, September 30, 2021$$25,680 $35,887 $(21,522)$21,836 $61,887 $672 $62,559 
Balance, June 30, 2022Balance, June 30, 2022$$25,661 $35,137 $(22,391)$(10,178)$28,235 $683 $28,918 

















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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Equity—Continued
Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 (in millions)

 Prudential Financial, Inc. Equity  
 Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Common
Stock
Held In
Treasury
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Total
Prudential
Financial, Inc.
Equity
Noncontrolling
Interests
Total
Equity
Balance, December 31, 2019$$25,532 $32,991 $(19,453)$24,039 $63,115 $604 $63,719 
Cumulative effect of adoption of accounting changes(1)(99)(99)(99)
Common Stock acquired(500)(500)(500)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests31 31 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests(11)(11)
Stock-based compensation programs(26)112 86 86 
Dividends declared on Common Stock(445)(445)(445)
Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)(271)(271)(270)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(1,439)(1,439)(1,439)
Total comprehensive income (loss)(1,710)(1,709)
Balance, March 31, 202025,506 32,176 (19,841)22,600 60,447 625 61,072 
Common Stock acquired
Contributions from noncontrolling interests
Distributions to noncontrolling interests(23)(23)
Stock-based compensation programs56 63 63 
Dividends declared on Common Stock(441)(441)(441)
Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)(2,409)(2,409)(2,405)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax8,237 8,237 8,238 
Total comprehensive income (loss)5,828 5,833 
Balance, June 30, 202025,513 29,326 (19,785)30,837 65,897 611 66,508 
Common Stock acquired
Contributions from noncontrolling interests50 50 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests(14)(14)
Stock-based compensation programs50 60 110 110 
Dividends declared on Common Stock(441)(441)(441)
Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)1,487 1,487 20 1,507 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(836)(836)(830)
Total comprehensive income (loss)651 26 677 
Balance, September 30, 2020$$25,563 $30,372 $(19,725)$30,001 $66,217 $673 $66,890 
__________
(1)Includes the impact from the adoption of ASU 2016-13. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for additional information.
 Prudential Financial, Inc. Equity  
 Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Common
Stock
Held In
Treasury
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Total
Prudential
Financial, Inc.
Equity
Noncontrolling
Interests
Total
Equity
Balance, December 31, 2020$$25,584 $30,749 $(19,652)$30,738 $67,425 $785 $68,210 
Common Stock acquired(375)(375)(375)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests
Distributions to noncontrolling interests(6)(6)
Stock-based compensation programs(5)149 144 144 
Dividends declared on Common Stock(467)(467)(467)
Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)2,828 2,828 (24)2,804 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(11,519)(11,519)(18)(11,537)
Total comprehensive income (loss)(8,691)(42)(8,733)
Balance, March 31, 202125,579 33,110 (19,878)19,219 58,036 740 58,776 
Common Stock acquired(875)(875)(875)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests
Distributions to noncontrolling interests(22)(22)
Consolidations (deconsolidations) of noncontrolling interests(118)(118)
Stock-based compensation programs65 66 131 131 
Dividends declared on Common Stock(460)(460)(460)
Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)2,158 2,158 25 2,183 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax4,058 4,058 4,060 
Total comprehensive income (loss)6,216 27 6,243 
Balance, June 30, 2021$$25,644 $34,808 $(20,687)$23,277 $63,048 $636 $63,684 

See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
NineSix Months Ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 20202021 (in millions)
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021202020222021
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIESCASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIESCASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$6,552 $(1,168)Net income (loss)$(616)$4,987 
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Realized investment (gains) losses, netRealized investment (gains) losses, net(3,146)2,164 Realized investment (gains) losses, net1,463 (2,714)
Policy charges and fee incomePolicy charges and fee income(1,730)(1,995)Policy charges and fee income(1,334)(1,142)
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesInterest credited to policyholders’ account balances2,759 3,375 Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances834 1,842 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization87 448 Depreciation and amortization188 45 
(Gains) losses on assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, net(Gains) losses on assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, net167 (393)(Gains) losses on assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, net1,080 89 
Change in:Change in:Change in:
Deferred policy acquisition costsDeferred policy acquisition costs(287)(206)Deferred policy acquisition costs324 (167)
Future policy benefits and other insurance liabilitiesFuture policy benefits and other insurance liabilities5,779 7,656 Future policy benefits and other insurance liabilities4,094 2,663 
Income taxesIncome taxes506 (331)Income taxes(1,371)221 
Derivatives, netDerivatives, net(2,893)6,477 Derivatives, net(2,301)(3,466)
Other, net(1)Other, net(1)(1,315)(3,146)Other, net(1)(859)(1,296)
Cash flows from (used in) operating activitiesCash flows from (used in) operating activities6,479 12,881 Cash flows from (used in) operating activities1,502 1,062 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIESCASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIESCASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from the sale/maturity/prepayment of:Proceeds from the sale/maturity/prepayment of:Proceeds from the sale/maturity/prepayment of:
Fixed maturities, available-for-saleFixed maturities, available-for-sale48,950 31,989 Fixed maturities, available-for-sale28,636 34,913 
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturityFixed maturities, held-to-maturity155 76 Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity17 144 
Fixed maturities, tradingFixed maturities, trading2,357 444 Fixed maturities, trading1,206 2,141 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilitiesAssets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities13,878 22,534 Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities10,235 9,048 
Equity securitiesEquity securities3,463 1,974 Equity securities2,535 2,266 
Commercial mortgage and other loansCommercial mortgage and other loans5,506 3,629 Commercial mortgage and other loans3,004 3,739 
Policy loansPolicy loans1,591 1,862 Policy loans869 1,091 
Other invested assetsOther invested assets2,151 1,376 Other invested assets1,155 1,319 
Short-term investmentsShort-term investments24,692 35,401 Short-term investments20,616 15,998 
Payments for the purchase/origination of:Payments for the purchase/origination of:Payments for the purchase/origination of:
Fixed maturities, available-for-saleFixed maturities, available-for-sale(46,831)(39,692)Fixed maturities, available-for-sale(33,244)(29,501)
Fixed maturities, tradingFixed maturities, trading(5,525)(869)Fixed maturities, trading(225)(5,345)
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilitiesAssets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities(15,187)(24,390)Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities(10,592)(9,727)
Equity securitiesEquity securities(2,959)(2,025)Equity securities(1,361)(1,923)
Commercial mortgage and other loansCommercial mortgage and other loans(5,624)(3,913)Commercial mortgage and other loans(2,778)(3,554)
Policy loansPolicy loans(924)(1,700)Policy loans(593)(676)
Other invested assetsOther invested assets(2,434)(2,089)Other invested assets(1,320)(1,426)
Short-term investmentsShort-term investments(21,641)(40,009)Short-term investments(20,079)(14,552)
Dispositions, net of cash disposed(2)Dispositions, net of cash disposed(2)132 1,454 Dispositions, net of cash disposed(2)422 132 
Derivatives, netDerivatives, net(622)434 Derivatives, net(1,802)(776)
Other, netOther, net(531)(225)Other, net59 (149)
Cash flows from (used in) investing activitiesCash flows from (used in) investing activities597 (13,739)Cash flows from (used in) investing activities(3,240)3,162 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIESCASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIESCASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Policyholders’ account depositsPolicyholders’ account deposits23,582 33,268 Policyholders’ account deposits13,969 15,182 
Policyholders’ account withdrawalsPolicyholders’ account withdrawals(22,131)(26,944)Policyholders’ account withdrawals(12,764)(15,575)
Net change in securities sold under agreements to repurchase and cash collateral for loaned securitiesNet change in securities sold under agreements to repurchase and cash collateral for loaned securities(110)50 Net change in securities sold under agreements to repurchase and cash collateral for loaned securities(483)(405)
Cash dividends paid on Common StockCash dividends paid on Common Stock(1,374)(1,325)Cash dividends paid on Common Stock(921)(926)
Net change in financing arrangements (maturities 90 days or less)Net change in financing arrangements (maturities 90 days or less)108 (56)Net change in financing arrangements (maturities 90 days or less)(258)73 
Common Stock acquiredCommon Stock acquired(2,097)(500)Common Stock acquired(738)(1,238)
Common Stock reissued for exercise of stock optionsCommon Stock reissued for exercise of stock options150 106 Common Stock reissued for exercise of stock options99 113 
Proceeds from the issuance of debt (maturities longer than 90 days)Proceeds from the issuance of debt (maturities longer than 90 days)73 2,948 Proceeds from the issuance of debt (maturities longer than 90 days)1,024 71 
Repayments of debt (maturities longer than 90 days)Repayments of debt (maturities longer than 90 days)(1,167)(2,113)Repayments of debt (maturities longer than 90 days)(124)(173)
Repayments of notes issued by consolidated VIEs(19)
Other, net(3)Other, net(3)(561)(349)Other, net(3)1,660 211 
Cash flows from (used in) financing activitiesCash flows from (used in) financing activities(3,527)5,066 Cash flows from (used in) financing activities1,464 (2,667)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash balancesEffect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash balances(252)122 Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash balances(317)(217)
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH EQUIVALENTS INCLUDING BALANCES CLASSIFIED AS HELD-FOR-SALENET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH EQUIVALENTS INCLUDING BALANCES CLASSIFIED AS HELD-FOR-SALE3,297 4,330 NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH EQUIVALENTS INCLUDING BALANCES CLASSIFIED AS HELD-FOR-SALE(591)1,340 
NET CHANGE IN CASH BALANCES CLASSIFIED AS HELD-FOR-SALE(2)NET CHANGE IN CASH BALANCES CLASSIFIED AS HELD-FOR-SALE(2)1,499 NET CHANGE IN CASH BALANCES CLASSIFIED AS HELD-FOR-SALE(2)(2,071)
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH EQUIVALENTSNET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH EQUIVALENTS1,798 4,330 NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH EQUIVALENTS1,480 1,340 
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEARCASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR13,855 16,474 CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR12,934 13,855 
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIODCASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD$15,653 $20,804 CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD$14,414 $15,195 

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
NineSix Months Ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 20202021 (in millions)

Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021202020222021
HELD-FOR-SALE CLASSIFICATION(1)(2)HELD-FOR-SALE CLASSIFICATION(1)(2)HELD-FOR-SALE CLASSIFICATION(1)(2)
Assets classified as held-for-sale$143,910 $
Liabilities classified as held-for-sale140,736 
Net assets classified as held-for-sale$3,174 $
Change in assets classified as held-for-saleChange in assets classified as held-for-sale$(153,793)$
Change in liabilities classified as held-for-saleChange in liabilities classified as held-for-sale(151,359)
Change in net assets classified as held-for-saleChange in net assets classified as held-for-sale$(2,434)$
NON-CASH TRANSACTIONS DURING THE PERIODNON-CASH TRANSACTIONS DURING THE PERIODNON-CASH TRANSACTIONS DURING THE PERIOD
Treasury Stock shares issued for stock-based compensation programsTreasury Stock shares issued for stock-based compensation programs$135 $147 Treasury Stock shares issued for stock-based compensation programs$229 $131 
Significant Pension Risk Transfer transactions:Significant Pension Risk Transfer transactions:Significant Pension Risk Transfer transactions:
Assets received, excluding cash and cash equivalentsAssets received, excluding cash and cash equivalents$5,377 $317 Assets received, excluding cash and cash equivalents$502 $
Liabilities assumedLiabilities assumed6,397 584 Liabilities assumed505 
Net cash receivedNet cash received$1,020 $267 Net cash received$$
RECONCILIATION TO THE UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITIONRECONCILIATION TO THE UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITIONRECONCILIATION TO THE UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$15,605 $20,658 Cash and cash equivalents$14,359 $15,145 
Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents (included in “Other assets”)Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents (included in “Other assets”)48 146 Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents (included in “Other assets”)55 50 
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalentsTotal cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents$15,653 $20,804 Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents$14,414 $15,195 
__________
(1)The amount for the six months ended June 30, 2022 includes the recognized gains on the sales of Prudential Annuities Life Assurance Corporation (“PALAC”) and the Full Service Retirement business, which were completed on April 1, 2022. See Note 1 for additional information on these dispositions.
(2)See Note 1 for details ofmore information on the assets and liabilities classified as “held-for-sale” as of Septemberdispositions.
(3)The amount for the six months ended June 30, 2021.2022 includes approximately $1.6 billion from a secured borrowing related to the PALAC disposition. See Note 1 for more information.


See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

1. BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
 
Prudential Financial, Inc. (“Prudential Financial”) and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Prudential” or the “Company”) provide a wide range of insurance, investment management, and other financial products and services to both individual and institutional customers throughout the United States and in many other countries. Principal products and services provided include life insurance, annuities, retirement-related services,retirement solutions, mutual funds and investment management.

In October 2021, the Company announced the creation of Retirement Strategies, a new U.S. business that would serve the retirement needs of both its institutional and individual customers by bringing the institutional investment and pension solutions offered through the Retirement business together with the financial solutions and capabilities of the Individual Annuities business. As of the second quarter of 2022, this new structure has been fully operationalized; therefore, the results of the former Retirement segment (now known as the “Institutional Retirement Strategies” operating segment) and the former Individual Annuities segment (now known as the “Individual Retirement Strategies” operating segment) have been aggregated into the Retirement Strategies segment. Prior periods have been updated to conform to this new presentation.
The
Consequently, the Company’s principal operations now consist of PGIM (the Company’s global investment management business), the U.S. Businesses (consisting of the Retirement Strategies, Group Insurance, Individual Annuities, Individual Life and Assurance IQ businesses), the International Businesses, the Closed Block division, and the Company’s Corporate and Other operations. The Closed Block division is accounted for as a divested business that is reported separately from the Divested and Run-off Businesses that are included in Corporate and Other operations. Divested and Run-off Businesses consist of businesses that have been, or will be, sold or exited, including businesses that have been placed in wind-down status that do not qualify for “discontinued operations” accounting treatment under U.S. GAAP. The Company’s Corporate and Other operations include corporate items and initiatives that are not allocated to business segments as well as the Divested and Run-off Businesses described above.
 
Basis of Presentation
 
The Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) on a basis consistent with reporting interim financial information in accordance with instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Prudential Financial, entities over which the Company exercises control, including majority-owned subsidiaries and minority-owned entities such as limited partnerships in which the Company is the general partner and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which the Company is considered the primary beneficiary. See Note 4 for additional information on the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the financial position and results of operations have been made. All such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
The most significant estimates include those used in determining deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) and related amortization; policyholders’ account balances related to the fair value of embedded derivative instruments associated with the index-linked features of certain universal life and annuity products; value of business acquired (“VOBA”) and its amortization; amortization of deferred sales inducements (“DSI”); measurement of goodwill and any related impairment; valuation of investments including derivatives, measurement of allowance for credit losses, and the recognition of other-than-temporary impairments (“OTTI”); future policy benefits including guarantees; pension and other postretirement benefits; provision for
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
income taxes and valuation of deferred tax assets; and accruals for contingent liabilities, including estimates for losses in connection with unresolved legal and regulatory matters.

Out of Period Adjustments

In the second quarter of 2022, the Company recorded out of period adjustments within the Individual Life business, resulting in an aggregate net benefit of $125 million to “Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures” for the second quarter of 2022. The adjustments included (i) a $230 million benefit from a reduction to cost of reinsurance liabilities related to universal and variable life products; (ii) an $80 million net benefit from a reduction in reserves, partially offset by an increase in cost of reinsurance liabilities, for certain universal and variable universal life products; and (iii) a $185 million charge from an increase in reserves for certain universal life insurance products.

The impact of these out of period adjustments, individually and in the aggregate, was not material to any previously reported quarterly or annual financial statements and is not expected to be material to the 2022 annual financial statements. See Note 13 for additional information on the impact of these adjustments to the Company’s operating segments.

Reclassifications
 
Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

COVID-19
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

Since the first quarter of 2020, the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) has resulted in extreme stress and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. While markets havesubsequently rebounded, the pandemic has adversely impacted, and may continue to adversely impact, the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Due to the highly uncertain nature of these conditions, it is not possible to estimate the ultimate impacts at this time. The risks may have manifested, and may continue to manifest, in the Company’s financial statements in the areas of, among others, i) investments: increased risk of loss on our investments due to default or deterioration in credit quality or value; and ii)(i) insurance liabilities and related balances: potential changes to assumptions regarding investment returns, mortality, morbidity and policyholder behavior which are reflected in our insurance liabilities and certain related balances (e.g., DAC, VOBA, etc.). and; (ii) investments: increased risk of loss on our investments due to default or deterioration in credit quality or value. The Company cannot predict what impact the COVID-19 pandemic will ultimately have on its businesses.

Business Dispositions

Prudential Annuities Life Assurance Corporation, Representing a Portion of Individual Annuities’ Traditional Variable Annuity Block of Business

In September 2021,On April 1, 2022, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell its equity interest incompleted the sale of Prudential Annuities Life Assurance Corporation (“PALAC”), which representsa wholly owned subsidiary, representing a portion of its in-force traditional variable annuity block of business, to Fortitude Group Holdings, LLC. The transaction has a total value of approximately $2.2 billion, comprising the sales price for PALAC, a pre-closing net capital release to the Company and the expected tax impact from the sale.LLC (“Fortitude”). The PALAC block primarily consistsconsisted of non-New York traditional variable annuities with guaranteed living benefits that were issued prior to 2011, which constituteconstituted approximately $30 billion or 18% of Prudential’s total in-force individual annuity account values asat the closing of September 30, 2021.the transaction. The Company, will retain, through a reinsurance agreement, its interest in all FlexGuard productsco-insurance and all fixedmodified co-insurance agreements, has retained the results of certain variable annuities, indexed annuities, and fixed indexed annuities remaining inwith a guaranteed lifetime withdrawal income feature issued by PALAC.

The Company expects to recordrecognized a pre-tax gain on the sale of the business upon the closing of the transaction, which is expected to occur$852 million in the first halfsecond quarter of 2022 subject towithin “Other income”. The gain is included in adjusted operating income within the receipt of regulatory approvals and the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.Retirement Strategies segment.

Beginning withThe economics of approximately $1.7 billion of commercial mortgage and other loans and fixed maturities, available-for-sale, held by PALAC, have been transferred to Fortitude via participation agreements. The Company has retained legal ownership and control over the third quarter of 2021, the Company is reporting theparticipated assets, and liabilitiesthey cannot be freely pledged or exchanged by Fortitude. This transfer did not meet the requirements of this block of businesssale accounting and is therefore accounted for as “held-for-sale” with results continuinga secured borrowing. As a result, these assets continue to be reported withinon the Individual Annuities segment.Company’s Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position along with the recognition of a corresponding secured borrowing liability in “Other liabilities”.

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Full Service Retirement Business

In July 2021,On April 1, 2022, the Company entered into a definitive agreement withcompleted the sale of its Full Service Retirement business to Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company (“Great-West”) pursuant to which the Company has agreed to sell to Great-West the Company’s Full Service Retirement business,, primarily through a combination of (i) the sale of all of the outstanding equity interests of certain legal entities, including Prudential Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company (“PRIAC”); (ii) the ceding of certain insurance policies through reinsurance; and (iii) the sale, transfer and/or novation of certain in-scope contracts and brokerage accounts.

The Company expects to recordrecognized a net pre-tax gain onof $690 million in the sale of the business upon the closing of the transaction, which is expected to occur by the end of the firstsecond quarter of 2022, subject to the receiptcomposed of regulatory approvals and the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.

Total proceeds from the sale are expected to be approximately $2.8 billion, which includes cash consideration for the sale of PRIAC, ceding commission for the reinsured business and capital available to be released from PICA. Separately, the Company expects to incur approximately $400(i) an $890 million gain recorded in “Other income”; (ii) $150 million of taxes and transactionrealized losses recorded in “Realized investment gains (losses), net”, related costs.

Beginning with the third quarter of 2021, the Company is reporting theto assets and liabilitiestransferred as part of the Full Service Retirement businessreinsurance of certain retained policies to Great-West; and (iii) $50 million of indirect expenses and charges recorded in “General and administrative expenses” on the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations. The net gain is excluded from adjusted operating income and reported within Divested Businesses as “held-for-sale” and has transferred the resultspart of this business to Divested and Run-off Businesses within Corporate and Other operations. All prior period amounts have been restated,In addition, the Company recognized a deferred gain of $495 million for the ceding of certain insurance policies through reinsurance to Great-West, which impacts both segment reportingwill be recognized in income over the term of the ceded policies. The transaction agreement includes a post-closing adjustment provision. Any such adjustment will be finalized by the fourth quarter of 2022 and adjusted operating income, butcould impact the amount of the pre-tax gain referred to above. The Company does not expect that any such adjustment will have a material impact results reported under GAAP. Theon the Company’s results.

Excluding the gain on sale recognized in the second quarter of 2022, the Full Service Retirement business generated pre-tax incomeincome/(loss) of $18$0 million and $117($206) million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, respectively, and pre-tax income of $49$84 million and $158$99 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, respectively. These amounts exclude the impactsimpact of overhead costs retained in the Company’s Corporate and Other operations that willand not be transferred to the buyer or eliminated with the sale.Great-West.

The assets and liabilities of both the Full Service Retirement business and PALAC were classified as held-for-sale prior to completion of these dispositions. The table below reflects their carrying amounts as of December 31, 2021:

0
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
The table below reflects the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities held-for-sale related to the pending dispositions described above:

September 30, 2021December 31, 2021
Retirement
Full Service
Individual
Annuities
PALAC
TotalRetirement
Full Service
Individual
Annuities
PALAC
Total
(in millions)(in millions)
Assets held-for-sale(1):
Assets held-for-sale:Assets held-for-sale:
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value(1)Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value(1)$5,062 $10,581 $15,643 Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value(1)$4,798 $8,771 $13,569 
Fixed maturities, trading, at fair valueFixed maturities, trading, at fair value383 342 725 Fixed maturities, trading, at fair value374 27 401 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, at fair valueAssets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, at fair value18,031 18,031 Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, at fair value18,818 18,818 
Equity securitiesEquity securities236 236 Equity securities322 322 
Commercial mortgage and other loans(2)(1)Commercial mortgage and other loans(2)(1)5,503 2,036 7,539 Commercial mortgage and other loans(2)(1)5,068 1,497 6,565 
Policy loansPolicy loans12 12 Policy loans12 12 
Other invested assetsOther invested assets64 96 160 Other invested assets10 94 104 
Short-term investmentsShort-term investments91 97 Short-term investments875 878 
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents86 1,413 1,499 Cash and cash equivalents56 2,015 2,071 
Accrued investment incomeAccrued investment income159 74 233 Accrued investment income160 61 221 
Deferred policy acquisition costsDeferred policy acquisition costs102 1,051 1,153 Deferred policy acquisition costs100 1,097 1,197 
Value of business acquiredValue of business acquired186 29 215 Value of business acquired185 30 215 
Other assets(2)Other assets(2)812 1,179 1,991 Other assets(2)674 10,644 11,318 
Separate account assetsSeparate account assets64,460 31,916 96,376 Separate account assets65,835 32,267 98,102 
Total assets held-for-saleTotal assets held-for-sale$94,854 $49,056 $143,910 Total assets held-for-sale$96,081 $57,712 $153,793 
Liabilities held-for-sale(1):
Liabilities held-for-sale:Liabilities held-for-sale:
Future policy benefitsFuture policy benefits$111 $4,651 $4,762 Future policy benefits$157 $4,505 $4,662 
Policyholders’ account balancesPolicyholders’ account balances28,186 10,719 38,905 Policyholders’ account balances28,164 11,750 39,914 
Cash collateral for loaned securities
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities414 276 690 Other liabilities374 8,307 8,681 
Separate account liabilitiesSeparate account liabilities64,460 31,916 96,376 Separate account liabilities65,835 32,267 98,102 
Total liabilities held-for-saleTotal liabilities held-for-sale$93,174 $47,562 $140,736 Total liabilities held-for-sale$94,530 $56,829 $151,359 
__________
(1)Under the termsIncludes “Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value” with an allowance for credit losses of the sales agreements, certain of these assets$1 million and liabilities held-for-sale may be subject to capital transactions or substituted for“Commercial mortgage and other similar items prior to the closing of each transaction.
(2)Netloans” net of allowance for credit losses of $12$15 million as of September 30,December 31, 2021, respectively.
(2)Includes $455 million of goodwill associated with the Retirement Full Service business as of December 31, 2021.

The Prudential Life Insurance Company of Taiwan Inc.

In June 2021, Prudential International Insurance Holdings, Ltd. (“PIIH”), a subsidiary of Prudential Financial, completed the sale of The Prudential Life Insurance Company of Taiwan Inc. (“POT”) to Taishin Financial Holding Co, Ltd. (the “Buyer”) for cash consideration of approximately NT5.5 billion, equal to approximately $200 million at then current exchange rates, and contingent consideration with a fair value of approximately $21$97 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021.2022. The fair value of the contingent consideration is tied to the level of yields for the 10-year Taiwanese Government bond for two years after the signing of the transaction and can result in a maximum payout of $100 million if yields increase by 40 basis points. In connection with the transaction, the Company recognized a liability with a fair value of approximately $34$33 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, representing its financial guarantee of certain insurance obligations of POT.

The after-tax loss on the sale of POT was approximately $400 million, of which approximately $350 million was recorded during 2020, and approximately $40$50 million and $10 million werewas recorded during the first and second quarters of 2021, respectively.2021.

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Prior to the sale, in the third quarter of 2020, the Company transferred the results of POT and the anticipated impact of its sale from the International Businesses segment to Divested and Run-off Businesses within Corporate & Other operations. Prior period amounts were restated at that time, which impacted both segment reporting and adjusted operating income, but did not impact results reported under GAAP. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 contained herein reflect this restatement.
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Pramerica SGR (PGIM Italy Joint Venture)

In March 2021, the Company sold its 35% ownership stake in Pramerica SGR, PGIM’s asset management joint venture in Italy, to its partner UBI Banca, which was acquired in 2020 by Intesa Sanpaolo Group. The after-tax gain on the sale of Pramerica SGR was approximately $330 million, which was recognized in adjusted operating income in the first quarter of 2021.

The Prudential Life Insurance Company of Korea, Ltd.

In August 2020, PIIH completed the sale of The Prudential Life Insurance Company of Korea, Ltd. (“POK”) to KB Financial Group Inc., for cash consideration of approximately ₩2.3 trillion, equal to approximately $1.9 billion. The Company recognized an approximate $800 million after-tax loss on the transaction in 2020.

Prior to the sale, in the second quarter of 2020, the Company transferred the results of POK and the anticipated impact of its sale from the International Businesses segment to Divested and Run-off Businesses within Corporate & Other operations. Prior period amounts were restated at that time, which impacted both segment reporting and adjusted operating income, but did not impact results reported under GAAP. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 contained herein reflect this restatement.

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Changes to U.S. GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the form of Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs. ASUs listed below include those that have been adopted during the current fiscal year and/or those that have been issued but not yet adopted as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, and as of the date of this filing. ASUs not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or not material.

ASU issued but not yet adopted as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 ASU 2018-12

ASU 2018-12, Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts, was issued by the FASB on August 15, 2018. In October 2019, the FASB issued2018, and was amended by ASU 2019-09, Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944): Effective Date to affirm its decision to defer the effective date of ASU 2018-12 to January 1, 2022 (with early adoption permitted), representing a one year extension from the original effective date of January 1, 2021. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic,issued in November 2020 the FASB issuedOctober 2019, and ASU 2020-11, Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Effective Date and Early Application to defer for an additional one year the effective date of, issued in November 2020. The Company will adopt ASU 2018-12 from January 1, 2022 toeffective January 1, 2023 and to provideusing the modified retrospective transition relief to facilitate the early adoption of the ASU. The transition relief would allow large calendar-year public companies that early adopt ASU 2018-12 to apply the guidance either as of January 1, 2020 or January 1, 2021 (and record transition adjustments as of January 1, 2020 or January 1, 2021, respectively) in the 2022 financial statements. Companies that do not early adopt ASU 2018-12 wouldmethod where permitted, and apply the guidance as of January 1, 2021 (and record transition adjustments as of January 1, 2021) in the 2023 financial statements.

The Company currently intendshas an established governance framework to adopt ASU 2018-12 effective January 1, 2023 usingmanage the modified retrospective transition method where permitted.implementation of the standard. The Company’s implementation efforts continue to progress including, but not limited to, implementing refinements to key accounting policy decisions, modifications to actuarial valuation models, updates to data sourcing capabilities, automation of key financial reporting and analytical processes and updates to internal control over financial reporting.

ASU 2018-12 will impact, at least to some extent, the accounting and disclosure requirements for all long-duration insurance and investment contracts issued by the Company. The Company expects the standard to have a significant financial impact on theits Consolidated Financial Statements and it requireswill significantly enhancedincrease disclosures. As of the January 1, 2021 transition date, the Company estimates that the implementation of the standard will result in a decrease to “Retained earnings” of approximately $2 billion to $3 billion primarily from reclassifying the cumulative effect of changes in non-performance risk from “Retained earnings” to “Accumulated other comprehensive income” (“AOCI”) and other changes in reserves, and will result in a decrease to AOCI of approximately $40 billion to $45 billion primarily from remeasuring in-force contract liabilities using upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yields as of the transition date. As of December 31, 2021, these estimates decline to a decrease to “Retained earnings” of approximately $1 billion to $2 billion and a decrease to AOCI of approximately $28 billion to $33 billion primarily due to the increase in interest rates during 2021. In addition to the significant impacts to the balance sheet, upon adoption, the Company also expects an impact to the pattern of earnings emergence following the transition date. Outlined below are four key areas of change, although there are other less significant policy changes not noted below.

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
ASU 2018-12 Amended TopicDescriptionMethod of adoptionEffect on the financial statements or other significant matters
Cash flow assumptions used to measure the liability for future policy benefits for non-participating traditional and limited-pay insurance products

Requires an entity to review and, if necessary, update the cash flow assumptions used to measure the liability for future policy benefits, for both changes in future assumptions and actual experience, at least annually using a retrospective update method with a cumulative catch-up adjustment recorded in a separate line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.An entity may choose one of two adoption methods for the liability for future policy benefits: (1) a modified retrospective transition method whereby the entity may choose to apply the amendments to contracts in force as of the beginning of the prior year (if early adoption is elected) or as of the beginning of the earliest period presented on the basis of their existing carrying amounts, adjusted for the removal of any related amounts in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”)AOCI or (2) a full retrospective transition method.The Company currently intends towill adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective transition method. As a result of the modified retrospective transition method, the Company expects the vast majority of the impact of updating cash flow assumptions as of the transition date to be reflected in the pattern of earnings in subsequent periods. The impacts of electing such method are currently under assessment.Company also expects some decrease to “Retained earnings” upon adoption from cash flow assumption updates isolated to the impact on certain issue year cohorts.
Discount rate assumption used to measure the liability for future policy benefits for non-participating traditional and limited-pay insurance products

Requires discount rate assumptions to be based on an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield, which will be updated each quarter with the impact recorded through OCI. An entity shall maximize the use of relevant observable information and minimize the use of unobservable information in determining the discount rate assumptions.As noted above, an entity may choose either a modified retrospective transition method or full retrospective transition method for the liability for future policy benefits. Under either method, for balance sheet remeasurement purposes, the liability for future policy benefits will be remeasured using current discount rates as of either the beginning of the prior year (if early adoption is elected) or the beginning of the earliest period presented with the impact recorded as a cumulative effect adjustment to AOCI.As noted above, the Company currently intends towill adopt the guidance for the liability for future policy benefits effective January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective transition method. Upon adoption, there will be an adjustmentThe Company expects a decrease to AOCI as a result of remeasuring in-force contract liabilities using current upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yields.yields as of the adoption date. The adjustment upon adoption will largely reflect the difference between discount rates locked-in at contract inception versus current discount rates at transition. The magnitudeas of such adjustment is currently being assessed.the adoption date.
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
ASU 2018-12 Amended TopicDescriptionMethod of adoptionEffect on the financial statements or other significant matters
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs (DAC) and other balances
Requires DAC and other balances, such as unearned revenue reserves and DSI, to be amortized on a constant level basis over the expected term of the related contract, independent of expected profitability.An entity may apply one of two adoption methods: (1) a modified retrospective transition method whereby the entity may choose to apply the amendments to contracts in force as of the beginning of the prior year (if early adoption is elected) or as of the beginning of the earliest period presented on the basis of their existing carrying amounts, adjusted for the removal of any related amounts in AOCI or (2) if an entity chooses a full retrospective transition method for its liability for future policy benefits, as described above, it is required to also use a full retrospective transition method for DAC and other balances.The Company currently intends towill adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective transition method. Under the modified retrospective transition method, the Company woulddoes not expect a significant impact to the balance sheet, other than the impact of the removal of any related amounts in AOCI.
Market Risk Benefits (“MRB”)
Requires an entity to measure all market risk benefits (e.g., living benefit and death benefit guarantees associated with variable annuities) at fair value, and record MRB assets and liabilities separately on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Changes in fair value of market risk benefits are recorded in net income, except for the portion of the change in MRB liabilities attributable to changes in an entity’s non-performance risk (“NPR”),NPR, which is recognized in OCI.An entity shall adopt the guidance for market risk benefits using the retrospective transition method, which includes a cumulative effect adjustment on the balance sheet as of either the beginning of prior year (if early adoption is elected) or the beginning of the earliest period presented. An entity shall maximize the use of relevant observable information and minimize the use of unobservable information in determining the balance of the market risk benefits upon adoption.
The Company currently intends towill adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2023 using the retrospective transition method. Upon adoption, the Company expects a decrease to“Retained earnings” and offsetting increase to AOCI from reclassifying the cumulative effect of changes in NPR from retained earnings to AOCI. There will also be an impact to retained earnings“Retained earnings” for the difference between the fair value and carrying value of benefits not currently measured at fair value (e.g., guaranteed minimum death benefits on variable annuities) and an impact from reclassifying the cumulative effect of changes in NPR from retained earnings to AOCI. The magnitude of such adjustments is currently being assessed..

Modifications related
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to COVID-19Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Other ASU issued but not yet adopted as of June 30, 2022

We assess modifications to certain fixed income instruments on a case-by-case basis to evaluate whether a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") has occurred. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act") provides a temporary suspension of TDR accounting for certain COVID-19 related modifications where the investment was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019 (“TDR Relief”). The TDR Relief was set to expire on December 31, 2020, but was extended through December 31, 2021 by the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021. The Company elected to apply the TDR Relief beginning in the first quarter of 2021. The TDR Relief does not apply to modifications completed 60 days after the national emergency related to COVID-19 ends, or December 31, 2021, whichever comes earlier. As of September 30, 2021, any such modifications did not have a material impact on the Company's results of operations. For additional information regarding the Company’s policies for troubled debt restructurings, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
StandardDescriptionEffective date and method of adoptionEffect on the financial statements or other significant matters
ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosure

This ASU eliminates the accounting guidance for Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDR”) for creditors and adds enhanced disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Following adoption of the ASU, all loan refinancings and restructurings are subject to the modification guidance in ASC 310-20.
This ASU also amends the guidance on the vintage disclosures to require disclosure of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination.
January 1, 2023 using the prospective method with an option to apply a modified retrospective transition method for the recognition and measurement of TDRs which will include a cumulative effect adjustment on the balance sheet in the period of adoption. Early adoption is permitted beginning January 1, 2022, including adoption in an interim period provided guidance is applied as of the beginning of the year.The Company does not expect the adoption of the ASU to have a significant impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.


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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

3. INVESTMENTS
 
Fixed Maturity Securities
 
The following tables set forth the composition of fixed maturity securities (excluding investments classified as trading), as of the dates indicated:
 
September 30, 2021 June 30, 2022
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Allowance for Credit LossesFair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Allowance for Credit LossesFair
Value
(in millions) (in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agenciesU.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies$27,512 $5,491 $97 $$32,906 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies$25,640 $1,957 $2,303 $$25,294 
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisionsObligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions10,444 1,774 15 12,203 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions10,481 412 435 10,458 
Foreign government bondsForeign government bonds85,627 12,594 475 97,746 Foreign government bonds72,016 6,360 3,298 75,072 
U.S. public corporate securitiesU.S. public corporate securities97,127 13,819 452 12 110,482 U.S. public corporate securities96,085 2,135 9,848 19 88,353 
U.S. private corporate securities(2)(1)U.S. private corporate securities(2)(1)34,035 2,903 150 54 36,734 U.S. private corporate securities(2)(1)36,630 790 2,362 57 35,001 
Foreign public corporate securitiesForeign public corporate securities24,995 2,806 95 18 27,688 Foreign public corporate securities22,621 583 1,604 21,600 
Foreign private corporate securitiesForeign private corporate securities26,712 1,669 355 28,018 Foreign private corporate securities30,231 231 4,126 26 26,310 
Asset-backed securities(3)(2)Asset-backed securities(3)(2)11,120 140 15 11,245 Asset-backed securities(3)(2)10,793 149 277 10,664 
Commercial mortgage-backed securitiesCommercial mortgage-backed securities12,480 728 14 13,194 Commercial mortgage-backed securities11,962 27 543 11,446 
Residential mortgage-backed securities(4)(3)Residential mortgage-backed securities(4)(3)2,905 143 12 3,036 Residential mortgage-backed securities(4)(3)2,544 37 124 2,457 
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(2)(1)Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(2)(1)$332,957 $42,067 $1,680 $92 $373,252 Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(2)(1)$319,003 $12,681 $24,920 $109 $306,655 
 
September 30, 2021 June 30, 2022
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Allowance for Credit LossesAmortized Cost,
Net of Allowance
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Allowance for Credit LossesAmortized Cost,
Net of Allowance
(in millions) (in millions)
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity:Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity:Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity:
Foreign government bondsForeign government bonds$859 $235 $$1,094 $$859 Foreign government bonds$706 $155 $$861 $$706 
Foreign public corporate securitiesForeign public corporate securities500 54 554 494 Foreign public corporate securities419 28 447 416 
Foreign private corporate securitiesForeign private corporate securities81 82 81 Foreign private corporate securities
Residential mortgage-backed securities(4)(3)Residential mortgage-backed securities(4)(3)210 16 226 210 Residential mortgage-backed securities(4)(3)151 160 151 
Total fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(5)(4)Total fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(5)(4)$1,650 $306 $$1,956 $$1,644 Total fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(5)(4)$1,283 $192 $$1,475 $$1,280 
__________
(1)Excludes notes with amortized cost of $6,291 million (fair value, $6,291 million), which have been offset with the associated debt under a netting agreement.
(2)Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, education loans, auto loans, credit card loans and other asset types.
(3)Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations.
(4)Excludes notes with amortized cost of $4,500 million (fair value, $4,500 million), which have been offset with the associated debt under a netting agreement.
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
 December 31, 2021
 Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Allowance for Credit LossesFair
Value
 (in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies$26,231 $5,958 $31 $$32,158 
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions10,445 1,781 12,218 
Foreign government bonds83,363 11,842 529 94,669 
U.S. public corporate securities98,836 13,721 390 12 112,155 
U.S. private corporate securities(2)35,019 2,583 162 58 37,382 
Foreign public corporate securities24,877 2,571 118 21 27,309 
Foreign private corporate securities28,047 1,448 442 16 29,037 
Asset-backed securities(3)11,402 137 14 11,525 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities12,490 631 22 13,099 
Residential mortgage-backed securities(4)2,749 123 14 2,858 
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(1)(2)$333,459 $40,795 $1,730 $114 $372,410 
 December 31, 2021
 Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Allowance for Credit LossesAmortized
Cost, Net of Allowance
 (in millions)
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity:
Foreign government bonds$833 $221 $$1,054 $$833 
Foreign public corporate securities486 49 535 481 
Foreign private corporate securities
Residential mortgage-backed securities(4)191 14 205 191 
Total fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(5)$1,519 $284 $$1,803 $$1,514 
__________
(1)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” with amortized cost of $14,985$13,145 million, fair value of $15,643$13,569 million, unrealized gains of $783$572 million, unrealized losses of $123$147 million and allowance for credit losses of $2$1 million. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.
(2)Excludes notes with amortized cost of $5,616$5,941 million (fair value, $5,693$5,995 million), which have been offset with the associated debt under a netting agreement.
(3)Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, autoeducation loans, educationauto loans, credit cards and other asset types.
(4)Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations.
(5)Excludes notes with amortized cost of $5,000$4,750 million (fair value, $5,727 million), which have been offset with the associated debt under a netting agreement.
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
 December 31, 2020
 Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Allowance for Credit LossesFair
Value
 (in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies$30,766 $9,699 $17 $$40,448 
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions10,668 2,144 12,811 
Foreign government bonds94,110 16,373 239 110,244 
U.S. public corporate securities95,299 18,516 213 47 113,555 
U.S. private corporate securities(1)36,894 4,196 134 19 40,937 
Foreign public corporate securities25,857 3,768 64 24 29,537 
Foreign private corporate securities28,668 3,183 226 33 31,592 
Asset-backed securities(2)14,489 176 74 14,591 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities15,036 1,288 11 10 16,303 
Residential mortgage-backed securities(3)2,683 205 2,887 
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(1)$354,470 $59,548 $980 $133 $412,905 
 December 31, 2020
 Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Allowance for Credit LossesAmortized
Cost, Net of Allowance
 (in millions)
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity:
Foreign government bonds$935 $270 $$1,205 $$935 
Foreign public corporate securities651 68 719 642 
Foreign private corporate securities87 88 87 
Residential mortgage-backed securities(3)266 20 286 266 
Total fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(4)$1,939 $359 $$2,298 $$1,930 
__________
(1)Excludes notes with amortized cost of $5,966 million (fair value, $6,100 million), which have been offset with the associated debt under a netting agreement.
(2)Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, auto loans, education loans, home equity and other asset types.
(3)Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations.
(4)Excludes notes with amortized cost of $4,998 million (fair value, $5,821$5,394 million), which have been offset with the associated debt under a netting agreement.

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
 
The following tables set forth the fair value and gross unrealized losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities without an allowance for credit losses aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual fixed maturity securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of the dates indicated:
 
September 30, 2021 June 30, 2022
Less Than
Twelve Months
Twelve Months
or More
Total Less Than
Twelve Months
Twelve Months
or More
Total
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(in millions) (in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agenciesU.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies$4,478 $94 $30 $$4,508 $97 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies$15,185 $2,294 $24 $$15,209 $2,303 
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisionsObligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions575 13 17 592 15 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions5,535 414 67 21 5,602 435 
Foreign government bondsForeign government bonds4,586 192 6,680 283 11,266 475 Foreign government bonds19,147 2,153 5,299 1,145 24,446 3,298 
U.S. public corporate securitiesU.S. public corporate securities13,162 371 1,027 73 14,189 444 U.S. public corporate securities65,990 9,011 2,392 805 68,382 9,816 
U.S. private corporate securitiesU.S. private corporate securities2,832 66 866 84 3,698 150 U.S. private corporate securities26,290 2,068 1,516 294 27,806 2,362 
Foreign public corporate securitiesForeign public corporate securities2,839 57 584 36 3,423 93 Foreign public corporate securities12,636 1,355 993 249 13,629 1,604 
Foreign private corporate securitiesForeign private corporate securities5,386 196 1,399 156 6,785 352 Foreign private corporate securities22,307 3,571 2,091 555 24,398 4,126 
Asset-backed securitiesAsset-backed securities3,995 14 301 4,296 15 Asset-backed securities8,096 239 1,259 38 9,355 277 
Commercial mortgage-backed securitiesCommercial mortgage-backed securities524 10 146 670 14 Commercial mortgage-backed securities10,627 498 268 45 10,895 543 
Residential mortgage-backed securitiesResidential mortgage-backed securities657 12 658 12 Residential mortgage-backed securities1,521 57 387 67 1,908 124 
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(1)Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(1)$39,034 $1,025 $11,051 $642 $50,085 $1,667 Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(1)$187,334 $21,660 $14,296 $3,228 $201,630 $24,888 


 December 31, 2021
 Less Than
Twelve Months
Twelve Months
or More
Total
 Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 (in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies$1,521 $15 $269 $16 $1,790 $31 
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions289 71 360 
Foreign government bonds4,534 244 6,945 282 11,479 526 
U.S. public corporate securities12,403 219 2,947 152 15,350 371 
U.S. private corporate securities4,362 84 848 78 5,210 162 
Foreign public corporate securities3,652 76 802 42 4,454 118 
Foreign private corporate securities6,350 270 1,604 169 7,954 439 
Asset-backed securities6,568 13 170 6,738 14 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities921 11 263 11 1,184 22 
Residential mortgage-backed securities751 13 18 769 14 
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(1)$41,351 $950 $13,937 $755 $55,288 $1,705 
__________
(1)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” with fair value of $4,068$4,644 million and gross unrealized losses of $123$147 million. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.

 December 31, 2020
 Less Than
Twelve Months
Twelve Months
or More
Total
 Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 (in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies$750 $17 $$$750 $17 
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions73 73 
Foreign government bonds6,536 231 39 6,575 239 
U.S. public corporate securities3,905 87 1,197 106 5,102 193 
U.S. private corporate securities1,712 52 843 82 2,555 134 
Foreign public corporate securities1,412 30 376 23 1,788 53 
Foreign private corporate securities798 34 2,371 192 3,169 226 
Asset-backed securities4,132 25 4,685 49 8,817 74 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities284 93 377 11 
Residential mortgage-backed securities116 117 
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale$19,718 $486 $9,605 $463 $29,323 $949 

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
As of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, the gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity available-for-sale securities without an allowance were composed of $1,303$22,624 million and $636$1,242 million, respectively, related to “1” highest quality or “2” high quality securities based on the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) or equivalent rating and $364$2,264 million and $313$463 million, respectively, related to other than high or highest quality securities based on NAIC or equivalent rating. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, the $642$3,228 million of gross unrealized losses of twelve months or more were concentrated in the consumer non-cyclical, finance and utility sectors within corporate securities and foreign government securities. As of December 31, 2020,2021, the $463$755 million of gross unrealized losses of twelve months or more were concentrated in corporate securities within the energy,consumer non-cyclical, utility and finance sectors.sectors within corporate securities.

In accordance with its policy described in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020,2021, the Company concluded that an adjustment to earnings for credit losses related to these fixed maturity securities was not warranted at SeptemberJune 30, 2021.2022. This conclusion was based on a detailed analysis of the underlying credit and cash flows on each security. Gross unrealized losses are primarily attributable to increases in interest rates, general credit spread widening, foreign currency exchange rate movements and the financial condition or near-term prospects of the issuer. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, the Company did not intend to sell these securities, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these securities before the anticipated recovery of the remaining amortized cost basis.

The following table sets forth the amortized cost or amortized cost, net of allowance and fair value of fixed maturities by contractual maturities, as of the date indicated: 
September 30, 2021June 30, 2022
Available-for-Sale(1)Held-to-MaturityAvailable-for-SaleHeld-to-Maturity
Amortized CostFair ValueAmortized Cost, Net of AllowanceFair Value Amortized CostFair ValueAmortized Cost, Net of AllowanceFair Value
(in millions)(in millions)
Fixed maturities:Fixed maturities:Fixed maturities:
Due in one year or lessDue in one year or less$10,255 $10,668 $$Due in one year or less$10,356 $10,578 $$
Due after one year through five yearsDue after one year through five years47,749 51,188 566 627 Due after one year through five years48,221 48,117 417 447 
Due after five years through ten yearsDue after five years through ten years68,170 75,046 31 33 Due after five years through ten years62,288 60,950 24 26 
Due after ten years(2)(1)Due after ten years(2)(1)180,278 208,875 837 1,070 Due after ten years(2)(1)172,839 162,443 688 842 
Asset-backed securitiesAsset-backed securities11,120 11,245 Asset-backed securities10,793 10,664 
Commercial mortgage-backed securitiesCommercial mortgage-backed securities12,480 13,194 Commercial mortgage-backed securities11,962 11,446 
Residential mortgage-backed securitiesResidential mortgage-backed securities2,905 3,036 210 226 Residential mortgage-backed securities2,544 2,457 151 160 
TotalTotal$332,957 $373,252 $1,644 $1,956 Total$319,003 $306,655 $1,280 $1,475 
__________
(1)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” with amortized cost of $14,985 million and fair value of $15,643 million. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.
(2)Excludes available-for-sale notes with amortized cost of $5,616$6,291 million (fair value, $5,693$6,291 million) and held-to-maturity notes with amortized cost of $5,000$4,500 million (fair value, $5,727$4,500 million), which have been offset with the associated debt under a netting agreement.

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Asset-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and residential mortgage-backed securities are shown separately in the table above, as they do not have a single maturity date.
 
The following table sets forth the sources of fixed maturity proceeds and related investment gains (losses), as well as losses on write-downs and the allowance for credit losses of fixed maturities, for the periods indicated:

1718

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021202020212020 2022202120222021
(in millions) (in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
Proceeds from sales(1)Proceeds from sales(1)$7,273 $4,284 $27,041 $14,654 Proceeds from sales(1)$9,995 $5,078 $19,078 $19,768 
Proceeds from maturities/prepaymentsProceeds from maturities/prepayments7,040 7,181 21,936 17,603 Proceeds from maturities/prepayments4,301 8,002 9,606 14,896 
Gross investment gains from sales and maturitiesGross investment gains from sales and maturities301 578 2,264 1,451 Gross investment gains from sales and maturities374 361 615 1,963 
Gross investment losses from sales and maturitiesGross investment losses from sales and maturities(69)(129)(558)(339)Gross investment losses from sales and maturities(1,017)(99)(1,587)(489)
Write-downs recognized in earnings(2)Write-downs recognized in earnings(2)(134)(289)Write-downs recognized in earnings(2)(86)(92)
(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses(12)86 41 (152)(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses82 51 53 
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity:Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity:Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity:
Proceeds from maturities/prepayments(3)Proceeds from maturities/prepayments(3)$11 $14 $155 $77 Proceeds from maturities/prepayments(3)$$132 $17 $144 
(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses
__________ 
(1)Includes $27 million and $268 million ofExcludes activity from non-cash related proceeds due to the timing of trade settlements of $(48) million and $249 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively.
(2)Amounts represent write-downs on credit adverse securities write-downs on securities approaching maturity related to foreign exchange movements and securities actively marketed for sale.
(3)Includes $0 million and $1 million ofExcludes activity from non-cash related proceeds due to the timing of trade settlements of less than $1 million and $0 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively.


The following tables set forth the activity in the allowance for credit losses for fixed maturity securities, as of the dates indicated: 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. StatesForeign Government BondsU.S. and Foreign Corporate SecuritiesAsset-Backed SecuritiesCommercial Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesResidential Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesTotalU.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. StatesForeign Government BondsU.S. and Foreign Corporate SecuritiesAsset-Backed SecuritiesCommercial Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesResidential Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesTotal
(in millions)(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$$$80 $$$$80 Balance, beginning of period$$12 $180 $$$$192 
Additions to allowance for credit losses not previously recordedAdditions to allowance for credit losses not previously recorded35 35 Additions to allowance for credit losses not previously recorded11 13 
Reductions for securities sold during the periodReductions for securities sold during the period(16)(16)Reductions for securities sold during the period(25)(25)
Reductions for securities with intent to sellReductions for securities with intent to sell(9)(67)(76)
Additions (reductions) on securities with previous allowanceAdditions (reductions) on securities with previous allowance
Additions (reductions) on securities with previous allowance(5)(5)
Reclassified to “Assets held-for-sale”(1)(2)(2)
Reclassified to / (from) “Assets held-for sale”(1)Reclassified to / (from) “Assets held-for sale”(1)(1)(1)
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$$$92 $$$$92 Balance, end of period$$$102 $$$$109 
___________________
(1)See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.
18

Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. StatesForeign Government BondsU.S. and Foreign Corporate SecuritiesAsset-Backed SecuritiesCommercial Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesResidential Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesTotal
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
Balance, beginning of period$$38 $199 $$$$238 
Additions to allowance for credit losses not previously recorded33 34 
Reductions for securities sold during the period(38)(73)(111)
Additions (reductions) on securities with previous allowance(12)(9)
Balance, end of period$$$147 $$$$152 


Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. StatesForeign Government BondsU.S. and Foreign Corporate SecuritiesAsset-Backed SecuritiesCommercial Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesResidential Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesTotal
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
Balance, beginning of period$$$123 $$10 $$133 
Additions to allowance for credit losses not previously recorded75 75 
Reductions for securities sold during the period(46)(9)(55)
Additions (reductions) on securities with previous allowance(58)(1)(59)
Reclassified to “Assets held-for-sale”(1)(2)(2)
Balance, end of period$$$92 $$$$92 
__________
(1)See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.
19

Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. StatesForeign Government BondsU.S. and Foreign Corporate SecuritiesAsset-Backed SecuritiesCommercial Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesResidential Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesTotalU.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. StatesForeign Government BondsU.S. and Foreign Corporate SecuritiesAsset-Backed SecuritiesCommercial Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesResidential Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesTotal
(in millions)(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$$$$$$$Balance, beginning of period$$$122 $$$$131 
Additions to allowance for credit losses not previously recordedAdditions to allowance for credit losses not previously recorded39 238 278 Additions to allowance for credit losses not previously recorded
Reductions for securities sold during the periodReductions for securities sold during the period(38)(101)(139)Reductions for securities sold during the period(4)(9)(13)
Additions (reductions) on securities with previous allowanceAdditions (reductions) on securities with previous allowance10 13 Additions (reductions) on securities with previous allowance(47)(47)
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$$$147 $$$$152 Balance, end of period$$$80 $$$$80 


Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. StatesForeign Government BondsU.S. and Foreign Corporate SecuritiesAsset-Backed SecuritiesCommercial Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesResidential Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesTotal
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity:
Balance, beginning of period$$$$$$$
Current period provision for expected losses
Change in foreign exchange(1)(1)
Balance, end of period$$$$$$$

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. StatesForeign Government BondsU.S. and Foreign Corporate SecuritiesAsset-Backed SecuritiesCommercial Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesResidential Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesTotal
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity:
Balance, beginning of period$$$$$$$
Balance, end of period$$$$$$$


Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. StatesForeign Government BondsU.S. and Foreign Corporate SecuritiesAsset-Backed SecuritiesCommercial Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesResidential Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesTotal
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
Balance, beginning of period$$$107 $$$$114 
Additions to allowance for credit losses not previously recorded11 73 85 
Reductions for securities sold during the period(2)(53)(55)
Reductions for securities with intent to sell(13)(67)(80)
Additions (reductions) on securities with previous allowance42 45 
Balance, end of period$$$102 $$$$109 
20

Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. StatesForeign Government BondsU.S. and Foreign Corporate SecuritiesAsset-Backed SecuritiesCommercial Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesResidential Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesTotalU.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. StatesForeign Government BondsU.S. and Foreign Corporate SecuritiesAsset-Backed SecuritiesCommercial Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesResidential Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesTotal
(in millions)(in millions)
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity:
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$$$$$$$Balance, beginning of period$$$123 $$10 $$133 
Additions to allowance for credit losses not previously recordedAdditions to allowance for credit losses not previously recorded40 40 
Current period provision for expected losses(3)(3)
Reductions for securities sold during the periodReductions for securities sold during the period(30)(9)(39)
Additions (reductions) on securities with previous allowanceAdditions (reductions) on securities with previous allowance(53)(1)(54)
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$$$$$$$Balance, end of period$$$80 $$$$80 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. StatesForeign Government BondsU.S. and Foreign Corporate SecuritiesAsset-Backed SecuritiesCommercial Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesResidential Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesTotalU.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. StatesForeign Government BondsU.S. and Foreign Corporate SecuritiesAsset-Backed SecuritiesCommercial Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesResidential Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesTotal
(in millions)(in millions)
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity:Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity:Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity:
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$$$$$$$Balance, beginning of period$$$$$$$
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2016-13
Current period provision for expected lossesCurrent period provision for expected losses(1)(1)
Change in foreign exchangeChange in foreign exchange
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$$$$$$$Balance, end of period$$$$$$$

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. StatesForeign Government BondsU.S. and Foreign Corporate SecuritiesAsset-Backed SecuritiesCommercial Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesResidential Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesTotal
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity:
Balance, beginning of period$$$$$$$
Current period provision for expected losses
Balance, end of period$$$$$$$

21

Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. StatesForeign Government BondsU.S. and Foreign Corporate SecuritiesAsset-Backed SecuritiesCommercial Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesResidential Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesTotal
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity:
Balance, beginning of period$$$$$$$
Current period provision for expected losses(1)(1)
Change in foreign exchange(1)(1)
Balance, end of period$$$$$$$

Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. StatesForeign Government BondsU.S. and Foreign Corporate SecuritiesAsset-Backed SecuritiesCommercial Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesResidential Mortgage-Backed SecuritiesTotal
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity:
Balance, beginning of period$$$$$$$
Current-period allowance for expected credit losses(2)(2)
Balance, end of period$$$$$$$

For additional information about the Company’s methodology for developing our allowance and expected losses, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

For the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021, the net increase in the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities was primarily related to net additions in the transportation and capital goods sectors within corporate securities due to adverse projected cash flows, partially offset by a net release on restructured securities in the energy sector within corporate securities. For the three months ended September 30, 2020,2022, the net decrease in the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities was primarily related to a release on restructured securitiesnet reductions in the energy sector within corporate securities andcommunications, foreign government securities, partially offset by net additions concentrated in the energyagencies and utility sectors within corporate securities, due to adverse projected cash flows.

partially offset by a net addition within the capital goods sector. For the ninethree months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,, the net decrease in the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities was primarily related to the overall improving credit environment inwithin the consumer cyclical, energy and consumer cyclicalcommunication sectors within corporate securities, partially offset by net additions in the transportation and utility sectors within corporate securities due to adverse projected cash flows. securities.

For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2022, the net increasedecrease in the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities was primarily related to net reductions in the communications and transportation sectors within corporate securities, partially offset by net additions in the capital goods and utility sectors. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the net decrease in the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities was primarily related to the improving credit environment within the energy communications and consumer cyclical sectors within corporate securities due to adverse projected cash flows, partially offset by a release on restructured securities in the energy sector within corporate securities and foreign government securities.

The Company did 0t have any fixed maturity securities purchased with credit deterioration, as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 or December 31, 2020.2021.

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Assets Supporting Experience-Rated Contractholder Liabilities
 
The following table sets forth the composition of “Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities,” as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Assets Held-for-Sale(1)Assets Held-for-Sale(1)
Amortized
Cost or Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost or Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost or Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost or Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost or Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost or Cost
Fair
Value
(in millions) (in millions)
Short-term investments and cash equivalentsShort-term investments and cash equivalents$65 $65 $965 $965 $658 $658 Short-term investments and cash equivalents$$$30 $30 $786 $786 
Fixed maturities:Fixed maturities:Fixed maturities:
Corporate securitiesCorporate securities106 108 11,414 11,899 14,442 15,472 Corporate securities90 90 101 103 12,112 12,463 
Commercial mortgage-backed securitiesCommercial mortgage-backed securities1,661 1,717 1,743 1,839 Commercial mortgage-backed securities1,799 1,830 
Residential mortgage-backed securities(2)Residential mortgage-backed securities(2)720 755 964 1,018 Residential mortgage-backed securities(2)658 683 
Asset-backed securities(3)Asset-backed securities(3)1,843 1,860 1,665 1,697 Asset-backed securities(3)2,079 2,093 
Foreign government bondsForeign government bonds790 791 206 204 934 945 Foreign government bonds677 658 761 761 240 237 
U.S. government authorities and agencies and obligations of U.S. statesU.S. government authorities and agencies and obligations of U.S. states188 197 244 304 371 443 U.S. government authorities and agencies and obligations of U.S. states167 187 182 193 344 400 
Total fixed maturities(4)Total fixed maturities(4)1,084 1,096 16,088 16,739 20,119 21,414 Total fixed maturities(4)934 935 1,044 1,057 17,232 17,706 
Equity securitiesEquity securities1,805 2,263 328 327 1,661 2,043 Equity securities1,573 1,850 1,787 2,271 328 326 
Total assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities(5)Total assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities(5)$2,954 $3,424 $17,381 $18,031 $22,438 $24,115 Total assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities(5)$2,507 $2,785 $2,861 $3,358 $18,346 $18,818 
__________ 
(1)See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.
(2)Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations.
(3)Includes collateralized loan obligations, auto loans, education loans, home equity and other asset types. Collateralized loan obligations at fair value, includedwas $1,607 million, including “Assets held-for-sale” were $1,358 million and $1,102 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively,2021, all of which were rated AAA or higher.
(4)As a percentage of amortized cost, 98% of the portfolio was considered high or highest quality based on NAIC or equivalent ratings, as of June 30, 2022. As a percentage of amortized cost, 97% and 94% of the portfolio including “Assets“Asset held-for-sale” was considered high or highest quality based on NAIC or equivalent ratings, as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.2021.
(5)As a percentage of amortized cost, 94% and 79%all of the portfolio consisted of public securities, as of June 30, 2022. As a percentage of amortized cost, 95% of the portfolio including “Assets held-for-sale” consisted of public securities, as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.2021.

The net change in unrealized gains (losses) from assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities including “Assets held-for-sale” still held at period end, recorded within “Other income (loss),” was $(263)$281 million and $255$165 million during the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively, and $(557)$(691) million and $397$(294) million during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively.

Equity Securities
 
The net change in unrealized gains (losses) from equity securities still held at period end, including “Assets held-for-sale” recorded within “Other income (loss),” was $19$(601) million and $324$86 million, during the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively, and $457$(858) million and $(332)$438 million during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively.

Concentrations of Financial Instruments
 
The Company monitors its concentrations of financial instruments and mitigates credit risk by maintaining a diversified investment portfolio which limits exposure to any single issuer.
 
As of the dates indicated, the Company’s exposure to concentrations of credit risk of single issuers greater than 10% of the Company’s equity included securities of the U.S. government and certain U.S. government agencies and securities guaranteed by the U.S. government, as well as the securities disclosed below:
 
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
(in millions) (in millions)
Investments in Japanese government and government agency securities:Investments in Japanese government and government agency securities:Investments in Japanese government and government agency securities:
Fixed maturities, available-for-saleFixed maturities, available-for-sale$75,703 $86,011 $80,273 $92,764 Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$62,326 $65,845 $73,681 $83,382 
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturityFixed maturities, held-to-maturity838 1,066 912 1,173 Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity687 838 812 1,026 
Fixed maturities, tradingFixed maturities, trading24 24 25 25 Fixed maturities, trading20 19 23 23 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilitiesAssets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities971 968 849 855 Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities590 574 983 977 
TotalTotal$77,536 $88,069 $82,059 $94,817 Total$63,623 $67,276 $75,499 $85,408 

Commercial Mortgage and Other Loans
 
The following table sets forth the composition of “Commercial mortgage and other loans,” as of the dates indicated:
 
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Amount
(in millions)
% of
Total
Amount
(in millions)
% of
Total
Amount
(in millions)
% of
Total
Amount
(in millions)
% of
Total
Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type:Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type:Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type:
OfficeOffice$10,534 18.4 %$12,750 19.7 %Office$9,654 17.1 %$10,225 17.6 %
RetailRetail6,694 11.7 7,326 11.3 Retail6,161 10.9 6,779 11.7 
Apartments/Multi-FamilyApartments/Multi-Family16,769 29.3 18,330 28.3 Apartments/Multi-Family15,683 27.9 16,742 28.8 
IndustrialIndustrial13,004 22.7 14,954 23.1 Industrial13,039 23.1 13,009 22.4 
HospitalityHospitality1,879 3.3 2,395 3.7 Hospitality1,912 3.4 1,876 3.2 
OtherOther4,192 7.3 4,981 7.7 Other3,898 6.9 3,936 6.8 
Total commercial mortgage loansTotal commercial mortgage loans53,072 92.7 60,736 93.8 Total commercial mortgage loans50,347 89.3 52,567 90.5 
Agricultural property loansAgricultural property loans4,114 7.3 4,048 6.2 Agricultural property loans6,048 10.7 5,520 9.5 
Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loansTotal commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans57,186 100.0 %64,784 100.0 %Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans56,395 100.0 %58,087 100.0 %
Allowance for credit lossesAllowance for credit losses(112)(227)Allowance for credit losses(164)(115)
Total net commercial mortgage and agricultural property loansTotal net commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans57,074 64,557 Total net commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans56,231 57,972 
Other loans:Other loans:Other loans:
Uncollateralized loansUncollateralized loans574 655 Uncollateralized loans485 561 
Residential property loansResidential property loans74 101 Residential property loans49 67 
Other collateralized loansOther collateralized loans69 120 Other collateralized loans107 70 
Total other loansTotal other loans717 876 Total other loans641 698 
Allowance for credit lossesAllowance for credit losses(5)(8)Allowance for credit losses(32)(4)
Total net other loansTotal net other loans712 868 Total net other loans609 694 
Total net commercial mortgage and other loans(1)(2)Total net commercial mortgage and other loans(1)(2)$57,786 $65,425 Total net commercial mortgage and other loans(1)(2)$56,840 $58,666 
__________ 
(1)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $7,539$6,565 million net of allowance for credit losses of $12$15 million as of September 30,December 31, 2021. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.
(2)Includes loans held for sale which are carried at fair value under the fair value option and are collateralized primarily by apartment complexes. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, the net carrying value of these loans was $1,106were $303 million and $1,092$1,263 million, respectively.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, the commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans were secured by properties geographically dispersed throughout the United States (withwith the largest concentrations in California (29%(30%), Texas (8%) and New York (7%)(6%) and included loans secured by properties in Europe (7%(6%), AustraliaAsia (1%) and Asia (2%Australia (1%).

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
The following tables set forth the activity in the allowance for credit losses for commercial mortgage and other loans, as of the dates indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
 Commercial
Mortgage
Loans
Agricultural
Property
Loans
Residential
Property
Loans
Other
Collateralized
Loans
Uncollateralized
Loans
Total
(in millions)
Allowance, beginning of period$160 $$$$$172 
Addition to (release of) allowance for expected losses(40)(2)(2)(44)
Reclassified to “Asset held-for-sale”(1)(12)(12)
Other
Allowance, end of period$108 $$$$$117 
_________
(1)See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
 Commercial
Mortgage
Loans
Agricultural
Property
Loans
Residential
Property
Loans
Other
Collateralized
Loans
Uncollateralized
Loans
Total
(in millions)
Allowance, beginning of period$113 $$$$$121 
Addition to (release of) allowance for expected losses44 28 76 
Other(1)(1)
Allowance, end of period$156 $$$$32 $196 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
Commercial
Mortgage
Loans
Agricultural
Property
Loans
Residential
Property
Loans
Other
Collateralized
Loans
Uncollateralized
Loans
Total Commercial
Mortgage
Loans
Agricultural
Property
Loans
Residential
Property
Loans
Other
Collateralized
Loans
Uncollateralized
Loans
Total
(in millions)(in millions)
Allowance, beginning of periodAllowance, beginning of period$230 $$$$$245 Allowance, beginning of period$209 $$$$$224 
Addition to (release of) allowance for expected lossesAddition to (release of) allowance for expected losses(5)(3)Addition to (release of) allowance for expected losses(49)(2)(1)(52)
Write-downs charged against the
allowance
(7)(7)
Other
Allowance, end of periodAllowance, end of period$218 $$$$$235 Allowance, end of period$160 $$$$$172 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Commercial
Mortgage
Loans
Agricultural
Property
Loans
Residential
Property
Loans
Other
Collateralized
Loans
Uncollateralized
Loans
Total Commercial
Mortgage
Loans
Agricultural
Property
Loans
Residential
Property
Loans
Other
Collateralized
Loans
Uncollateralized
Loans
Total
(in millions)(in millions)
Allowance, beginning of periodAllowance, beginning of period$218 $$$$$235 Allowance, beginning of period$111 $$$$$119 
Addition to (release of) allowance for expected lossesAddition to (release of) allowance for expected losses(98)(5)(2)(1)(106)Addition to (release of) allowance for expected losses40 28 72 
Reclassified to “Assets held-for-sale”(1)(12)(12)
Reclassified (to) from “Assets held-for sale”(1)Reclassified (to) from “Assets held-for sale”(1)
OtherOtherOther(1)(1)
Allowance, end of periodAllowance, end of period$108 $$$$$117 Allowance, end of period$156 $$$$32 $196 
_________
(1)See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.
24

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Commercial
Mortgage
Loans
Agricultural
Property
Loans
Residential
Property
Loans
Other
Collateralized
Loans
Uncollateralized
Loans
Total Commercial
Mortgage
Loans
Agricultural
Property
Loans
Residential
Property
Loans
Other
Collateralized
Loans
Uncollateralized
Loans
Total
(in millions)(in millions)
Allowance, beginning of periodAllowance, beginning of period$114 $$$$$121 Allowance, beginning of period$218 $$$$$235 
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2016-13110 115 
Addition to (release of) allowance for expected lossesAddition to (release of) allowance for expected lossesAddition to (release of) allowance for expected losses(58)(3)(1)(62)
Write-downs charged against the
allowance
(7)(7)
OtherOtherOther(1)(1)
Allowance, end of periodAllowance, end of period$218 $$$$$235 Allowance, end of period$160 $$$$$172 

For additional information about the Company’s methodology for developing our allowance and expected losses, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.
25

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

For the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2022, the net addition to the allowance for credit losses on commercial mortgage and other loans was due to increases in loan-specific reserves as well as increases to reserves to reflect current market conditions. For the three months ended June 30, 2021, the net decrease in the allowance for credit losses on commercial mortgage and other loans was primarily related to the improving credit environment.

For the threesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2022, the net decrease inaddition to the allowance for credit losses on commercial mortgage and other loans was primarily due to a release relatedincreases in loan-specific reserves as well as increases to a loan payoff.

reserves to reflect current market conditions. For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021, the net decrease in the allowance for credit losses on commercial mortgage and other loans was primarily related to the improving credit environment. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the net increase in the allowance for credit losses on commercial mortgage and other loans was primarily related to the cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2016-13.

The following tables set forth key credit quality indicators based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses, as of the dates indicated:
25

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
September 30, 2021
Amortized Cost by Origination Year
20212020201920182017PriorTotal(1)
(in millions)
Commercial Mortgage Loans
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0%-59.99%$967 $590 $2,437 $3,191 $2,977 $14,587 $24,749 
60%-69.99%2,207 1,861 3,848 3,791 1,543 5,260 18,510 
70%-79.99%1,561 1,360 2,026 978 904 2,228 9,057 
80% or greater46 61 68 581 756 
Total$4,781 $3,811 $8,311 $8,021 $5,492 $22,656 $53,072 
Debt Service Coverage Ratio:
Greater or Equal to 1.2x$4,361 $3,583 $7,309 $7,398 $4,934 $19,811 $47,396 
1.0 - 1.2x364 97 676 398 271 1,718 3,524 
Less than 1.0x56 131 326 225 287 1,127 2,152 
Total$4,781 $3,811 $8,311 $8,021 $5,492 $22,656 $53,072 
Agricultural Property Loans
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0%-59.99%$578 $753 $482 $316 $354 $1,311 $3,794 
60%-69.99%60 123 39 62 26 10 320 
70%-79.99%
80% or greater
Total$638 $876 $521 $378 $380 $1,321 $4,114 
Debt Service Coverage Ratio:
Greater or Equal to 1.2x$630 $853 $510 $371 $322 $1,214 $3,900 
1.0 - 1.2x23 10 58 41 141 
Less than 1.0x66 73 
Total$638 $876 $521 $378 $380 $1,321 $4,114 
__________
(1)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $7,551 million. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.
June 30, 2022
Amortized Cost by Origination Year
20222021202020192018PriorRevolving LoansTotal
(in millions)
Commercial Mortgage Loans
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0%-59.99%$441 $1,180 $634 $2,285 $3,085 $15,741 $$23,366 
60%-69.99%893 3,431 1,782 3,753 3,621 4,596 18,076 
70%-79.99%881 1,857 1,216 1,153 583 2,467 8,157 
80% or greater25 39 673 748 
Total$2,219 $6,493 $3,671 $7,198 $7,289 $23,477 $$50,347 
Debt Service Coverage Ratio:
Greater or Equal to 1.2x$2,043 $6,278 $3,379 $6,094 $6,772 $19,271 $$43,837 
1.0 - 1.2x176 215 112 686 420 1,893 3,502 
Less than 1.0x180 418 97 2,313 3,008 
Total$2,219 $6,493 $3,671 $7,198 $7,289 $23,477 $$50,347 
Agricultural Property Loans
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0%-59.99%$659 $2,003 $864 $486 $321 $1,454 $79 $5,866 
60%-69.99%19 85 33 37 182 
70%-79.99%
80% or greater
Total$678 $2,088 $872 $519 $358 $1,454 $79 $6,048 
Debt Service Coverage Ratio:
Greater or Equal to 1.2x$670 $2,044 $847 $508 $351 $1,330 $79 $5,829 
1.0 - 1.2x44 25 10 67 147 
Less than 1.0x57 72 
Total$678 $2,088 $872 $519 $358 $1,454 $79 $6,048 
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
December 31, 2020
Amortized Cost by Origination Year
20202019201820172016PriorTotal
(in millions)
Commercial Mortgage Loans
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0%-59.99%$828 $2,693 $3,217 $3,854 $3,223 $15,360 $29,175 
60%-69.99%2,678 4,981 4,291 2,239 2,667 4,058 20,914 
70%-79.99%2,492 2,587 1,500 1,057 918 1,409 9,963 
80% or greater23 61 69 23 505 684 
Total$6,021 $10,264 $9,069 $7,219 $6,831 $21,332 $60,736 
Debt Service Coverage Ratio:
Greater or Equal to 1.2x$5,901 $9,429 $8,587 $6,954 $6,382 $18,904 $56,157 
1.0 - 1.2x118 711 383 263 384 1,719 3,578 
Less than 1.0x124 99 65 709 1,001 
Total$6,021 $10,264 $9,069 $7,219 $6,831 $21,332 $60,736 
Agricultural Property Loans
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0%-59.99%$956 $494 $349 $527 $367 $1,254 $3,947 
60%-69.99%51 39 101 
70%-79.99%
80% or greater
Total$964 $545 $388 $530 $367 $1,254 $4,048 
Debt Service Coverage Ratio:
Greater or Equal to 1.2x$941 $544 $381 $468 $308 $1,202 $3,844 
1.0 - 1.2x23 59 40 124 
Less than 1.0x58 12 80 
Total$964 $545 $388 $530 $367 $1,254 $4,048 

December 31, 2021
Amortized Cost by Origination Year
20212020201920182017PriorRevolving LoansTotal(1)
(in millions)
Commercial Mortgage Loans
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0%-59.99%$1,287 $467 $2,459 $3,211 $3,072 $14,011 $$24,507 
60%-69.99%3,101 1,941 4,124 3,631 1,356 4,161 18,314 
70%-79.99%2,497 1,207 1,327 1,059 631 2,108 8,829 
80% or greater184 39 62 50 575 917 
Total$7,069 $3,654 $7,917 $7,963 $5,109 $20,855 $$52,567 
Debt Service Coverage Ratio:
Greater or Equal to 1.2x$6,803 $3,356 $6,828 $7,384 $4,445 $16,864 $$45,680 
1.0 - 1.2x266 154 662 478 234 2,069 3,863 
Less than 1.0x144 427 101 430 1,922 3,024 
Total$7,069 $3,654 $7,917 $7,963 $5,109 $20,855 $$52,567 
Agricultural Property Loans
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0%-59.99%$1,958 $887 $494 $334 $370 $1,226 $80 $5,349 
60%-69.99%92 29 37 163 
70%-79.99%
80% or greater
Total$2,050 $895 $528 $371 $370 $1,226 $80 $5,520 
Debt Service Coverage Ratio:
Greater or Equal to 1.2x$2,007 $870 $517 $364 $312 $1,121 $80 $5,271 
1.0 - 1.2x43 25 10 58 41 178 
Less than 1.0x64 71 
Total$2,050 $895 $528 $371 $370 $1,226 $80 $5,520 
__________
(1)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $6,580 million. See Note 1 for additional information.

For additional information about the Company’s commercial mortgage and other loans credit quality monitoring process, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.
 
The following tables set forth an aging of past due commercial mortgage and other loans based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses, as well as the amount of commercial mortgage and other loans on non-accrual status, as of the dates indicated:
 
 September 30, 2021
 Current30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or More Past Due(1)Total Past
Due
Total
Loans
Non-Accrual
Status(2)
 (in millions)
Commercial mortgage loans$53,072 $$$$$53,072 $
Agricultural property loans4,106 4,114 19 
Residential property loans73 74 
Other collateralized loans69 69 
Uncollateralized loans574 574 
Total(3)$57,894 $$$$$57,903 $22 

27

Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
 June 30, 2022
 Current30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or More Past Due(1)Total Past
Due
Total
Loans
Non-Accrual
Status(2)
 (in millions)
Commercial mortgage loans$50,347 $$$$$50,347 $
Agricultural property loans6,042 6,048 20 
Residential property loans48 49 
Other collateralized loans107 107 
Uncollateralized loans485 485 
Total$57,029 $$$$$57,036 $22 
__________
(1)As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021, there were 0 loans in this category accruing interest.
(2)For additional information regarding the Company’s policies for accruing interest on loans, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
(3)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $7,551 million. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.

 December 31, 2020
 Current30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or More Past Due(1)Total Past
Due
Total
Loans
Non-Accrual
Status(2)
 (in millions)
Commercial mortgage loans$60,614 $$119 $$122 $60,736 $
Agricultural property loans3,996 37 15 52 4,048 15 
Residential property loans99 101 
Other collateralized loans120 120 
Uncollateralized loans655 655 
Total$65,484 $41 $119 $16 $176 $65,660 $21 
__________
(1)As of December 31, 2020,2022, there were no loans in this category accruing interest.
(2)For additional information regarding the Company’s policies for accruing interest on loans, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.


 December 31, 2021
 Current30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or More Past Due(1)Total Past
Due
Total
Loans
Non-Accrual
Status(2)
 (in millions)
Commercial mortgage loans$52,565 $$$$$52,567 $
Agricultural property loans5,520 5,520 19 
Residential property loans66 67 
Other collateralized loans70 70 
Uncollateralized loans561 561 
Total(3)$58,782 $$$$$58,785 $22 
__________
(1)As of December 31, 2021, there were no loans in this category accruing interest.
(2)For additional information regarding the Company’s policies for accruing interest on loans, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
(3)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $6,580 million. See Note 1 for additional information.

Loans on non-accrual status recognized interest income of $2less than $1 million for both the three months ended June 30, 2022 and nine2021, and less than $1 million and $2 million for the six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. Loans on non-accrual status that did not have a related allowance for credit losses were $20 million and $15 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively.

The Company did 0t have any significant losses on commercial mortgage and other loans purchased with credit deterioration as of both SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020.2021.
28

Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

Other Invested Assets
 
The following table sets forth the composition of “Other invested assets,” as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in millions) (in millions)
LPs/LLCs:LPs/LLCs:LPs/LLCs:
Equity method:Equity method:Equity method:
Private equity(1)Private equity(1)$5,952 $4,311 Private equity(1)$7,187 $6,509 
Hedge fundsHedge funds2,807 2,451 Hedge funds3,031 2,797 
Real estate-related(1)Real estate-related(1)2,179 1,985 Real estate-related(1)2,626 2,370 
Subtotal equity methodSubtotal equity method10,938 8,747 Subtotal equity method12,844 11,676 
Fair value:Fair value:Fair value:
Private equityPrivate equity1,903 1,786 Private equity1,677 1,852 
Hedge fundsHedge funds2,168 2,036 Hedge funds1,950 2,119 
Real estate-relatedReal estate-related311 314 Real estate-related300 319 
Subtotal fair valueSubtotal fair value4,382 4,136 Subtotal fair value3,927 4,290 
Total LPs/LLCsTotal LPs/LLCs15,320 12,883 Total LPs/LLCs16,771 15,966 
Real estate held through direct ownership(2)(1)Real estate held through direct ownership(2)(1)1,753 2,027 Real estate held through direct ownership(2)(1)1,594 1,789 
Derivative instrumentsDerivative instruments2,218 1,915 Derivative instruments2,327 3,280 
Other(3)(2)Other(3)(2)914 1,300 Other(3)(2)618 798 
Total other invested assets(4)(3)Total other invested assets(4)(3)$20,205 $18,125 Total other invested assets(4)(3)$21,310 $21,833 
_________ 
(1)Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation.
(2)As of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, real estate held through direct ownership had mortgage debt of $276$234 million and $409$274 million, respectively.
28

Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(3)(2)Primarily includes strategic investments made by investment management operations, leveraged leases and member and activity stock held in the Federal Home Loan BanksBank of New York. For additional information regarding the Company’s holdings in the Federal Home Loan BanksBank of New York, see Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.
(4)(3)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $160$104 million as of September 30,December 31, 2021. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.

Accrued Investment Income

The following table sets forth the composition of “Accrued investment income,” as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in millions) (in millions)
Fixed maturitiesFixed maturities$2,339 $2,676 Fixed maturities$2,329 $2,398 
Equity securitiesEquity securitiesEquity securities
Commercial mortgage and other loansCommercial mortgage and other loans175 205 Commercial mortgage and other loans185 175 
Policy loansPolicy loans264 274 Policy loans246 253 
Other invested assetsOther invested assets21 27 Other invested assets21 22 
Short-term investments and cash equivalentsShort-term investments and cash equivalentsShort-term investments and cash equivalents12 
Total accrued investment income(1)Total accrued investment income(1)$2,808 $3,193 Total accrued investment income(1)$2,798 $2,855 
__________
(1)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $233$221 million as of September 30,December 31, 2021. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.

Write-downs on accrued investment income were less than $1 million and $3 million for both the three and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2022 and 2021, and 2020, respectively, and less than $1 million and $15 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
29

Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

Net Investment Income
 
The following table sets forth “Net investment income” by investment type, for the periods indicated: 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021202020212020 2022202120222021
(in millions) (in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale(1)Fixed maturities, available-for-sale(1)$2,995 $3,113 $9,000 $9,292 Fixed maturities, available-for-sale(1)$2,861 $3,006 $5,830 $6,005 
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(1)Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(1)56 59169 176 Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(1)54 55108 113 
Fixed maturities, tradingFixed maturities, trading53 32114 100 Fixed maturities, trading53 37115 61 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilitiesAssets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities148 179474 527 Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities167144 326 
Equity securitiesEquity securities23 36104 119 Equity securities50 5876 81 
Commercial mortgage and other loansCommercial mortgage and other loans621 6081,882 1,866 Commercial mortgage and other loans525 6441,113 1,261 
Policy loansPolicy loans132 147403 450 Policy loans126 126251 271 
Other invested assetsOther invested assets806 4151,939 693 Other invested assets326 617881 1,133 
Short-term investments and cash equivalentsShort-term investments and cash equivalents18 3048 182 Short-term investments and cash equivalents58 2075 30 
Gross investment incomeGross investment income4,852 4,619 14,133 13,405 Gross investment income4,062 4,730 8,593 9,281 
Less: investment expensesLess: investment expenses(135)(173)(482)(571)Less: investment expenses(124)(178)(297)(347)
Net investment incomeNet investment income$4,717 $4,446 $13,651 $12,834 Net investment income$3,938 $4,552 $8,296 $8,934 
__________ 
(1)Includes income on credit-linked notes which are reported on the same financial statement line items as related surplus notes, as conditions are met for right to offset.

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Realized Investment Gains (Losses), Net
 
The following table sets forth “Realized investment gains (losses), net” by investment type, for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021202020212020 2022202120222021
(in millions) (in millions)
Fixed maturities(1)Fixed maturities(1)$221 $401 $1,750 $671 Fixed maturities(1)$(646)$313 $(1,057)$1,529 
Commercial mortgage and other loansCommercial mortgage and other loans67 41 158 65 Commercial mortgage and other loans(81)61 (66)91 
Investment real estateInvestment real estate49 113 15 Investment real estate84 12 90 64 
LPs/LLCsLPs/LLCs(43)(26)LPs/LLCs17 (6)17 
DerivativesDerivatives131 (537)1,145 (2,926)Derivatives(516)239 (426)1,014 
OtherOtherOther(7)(1)
Realized investment gains (losses), netRealized investment gains (losses), net$432 $(79)$3,146 $(2,164)Realized investment gains (losses), net$(1,147)$635 $(1,463)$2,714 
__________ 
(1)Includes fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity and excludes fixed maturity securities classified as trading.
 









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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments within AOCI

The following table sets forth net unrealized gains (losses) on investments, as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in millions) (in millions)
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale with an allowance(1)Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale with an allowance(1)$22 $(25)Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale with an allowance(1)$(12)$23 
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale without an allowance(1)Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale without an allowance(1)41,025 58,593 Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale without an allowance(1)(12,227)39,467 
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges(2)Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges(2)867 (168)Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges(2)2,446 1,019 
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges(2)Derivatives designated as fair value hedges(2)(29)10 Derivatives designated as fair value hedges(2)27 (35)
Other investments(3)Other investments(3)11 Other investments(3)(15)(7)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investmentsNet unrealized gains (losses) on investments$41,896 $58,417 Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments$(9,781)$40,467 
__________ 
(1)Includes net unrealized gains (losses) of $660$425 million on “Assets held-for-sale” as of September 30,December 31, 2021.
(2)For additional information on cash flow and fair value hedges, see Note 5.
(3)As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022 there were no net unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities that were previously transferred from available-for-sale. Includes net unrealized gains on certain joint ventures that are strategic in nature and are included in “Other assets.”


Repurchase Agreements and Securities Lending

In the normal course of business, the Company sells securities under agreements to repurchase and enters into securities lending transactions. The following table sets forth the composition of “Securities sold under agreements to repurchase,” as of the dates indicated:
30

June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Remaining Contractual Maturities of the AgreementsRemaining Contractual Maturities of the Agreements
 Overnight & ContinuousUp to 30 Days30 to 90 DaysTotal Overnight & ContinuousUp to 30 Days30 to 90 DaysTotal
(in millions)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies$6,917 $655 $250 $7,822 $9,044 $$438 $9,482 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities69 69 486 486 
Residential mortgage-backed securities115 115 217 217 
Total securities sold under agreements to repurchase$7,101 $655 $250 $8,006 $9,747 $$438 $10,185 
Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Remaining Contractual Maturities of the AgreementsRemaining Contractual Maturities of the Agreements
 Overnight & ContinuousUp to 30 DaysTotal Overnight & ContinuousUp to 30 DaysTotal
(in millions)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S.
government authorities and agencies
$8,842 $479 $9,321 $9,548 $546 $10,094 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities338 338 463 463 
Residential mortgage-backed securities240 240 337 337 
Total securities sold under agreements to repurchase(1)$9,420 $479 $9,899 $10,348 $546 $10,894 
__________ 
(1)The Company did not have any agreements with remaining contractual maturities greater than thirty days, as of the dates indicated.


.
The following table sets forth the composition of “Cash collateral for loaned securities” which represents the liability to return cash collateral received for the following types of securities loaned, as of the dates indicated:
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

September 30, 2021December 31, 2020June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Remaining Contractual Maturities of the AgreementsRemaining Contractual Maturities of the AgreementsRemaining Contractual Maturities of the AgreementsRemaining Contractual Maturities of the Agreements
 Overnight & ContinuousUp to 30 DaysTotal Overnight & ContinuousUp to 30 DaysTotal Overnight & ContinuousUp to 30 DaysTotal Overnight & ContinuousUp to 30 DaysTotal
(in millions)(in millions)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S.
government authorities and agencies
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S.
government authorities and agencies
$$$$$$
Obligations of U.S. states and their political
subdivisions
Obligations of U.S. states and their political
subdivisions
$75 $$75 $108 $$108 
Obligations of U.S. states and their political
subdivisions
75 75 84 84 
Foreign government bondsForeign government bonds222 222 426 426 Foreign government bonds328 328 205 205 
U.S. public corporate securitiesU.S. public corporate securities2,943 2,943 2,360 2,360 U.S. public corporate securities4,191 4,191 2,834 2,834 
Foreign public corporate securitiesForeign public corporate securities709 709 567 567 Foreign public corporate securities890 890 643 643 
Equity securitiesEquity securities433 433 38 38 Equity securities256 256 484 484 
Total cash collateral for loaned securities(2)(1)Total cash collateral for loaned securities(2)(1)$4,382 $$4,382 $3,499 $$3,499 Total cash collateral for loaned securities(2)(1)$5,741 $$5,741 $4,251 $$4,251 
__________ 
(1)The Company did not have any agreements with remaining contractual maturities greater than thirty days, as of the dates indicated.
(2)Excludes “Liabilities held-for-sale” of $3 million as of September 30, 2021. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.


4. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
 
In the normal course of its activities, the Company enters into relationships with various special-purpose entities and other entities that are deemed to be variable interest entities (“VIEs”). For additional information, see Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.
 
Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
 
The table below reflects the carrying amount and balance sheet caption in which the assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs are reported. The liabilities primarily comprise obligations under debt instruments issued by the VIEs. The creditors of these VIEs do not have recourse to the Company in excess of the assets contained within the VIEs.
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Consolidated VIEs for which the
Company is the Investment
Manager(1)
Other Consolidated VIEs(1) Consolidated VIEs for which the
Company is the Investment
Manager(1)
Other Consolidated VIEs(1)
September 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
September 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
(in millions) (in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-saleFixed maturities, available-for-sale$127 $110 $271 $296 Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$177 $200 $218 $262 
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturityFixed maturities, held-to-maturity81 87 816 882 Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity670 790 
Fixed maturities, tradingFixed maturities, trading174 160 Fixed maturities, trading168 178 
Equity securitiesEquity securities74 42 Equity securities119 79 
Commercial mortgage and other loansCommercial mortgage and other loans949 975 Commercial mortgage and other loans838 915 
Other invested assetsOther invested assets2,668 2,221 142 127 Other invested assets2,966 2,846 121 138 
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents172 101 Cash and cash equivalents106 128 
Accrued investment incomeAccrued investment incomeAccrued investment income
Other assetsOther assets469 594 798 768 Other assets326 499 707 785 
Total assets of consolidated VIEsTotal assets of consolidated VIEs$4,716 $4,292 $2,030 $2,077 Total assets of consolidated VIEs$4,708 $4,855 $1,719 $1,978 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities$565 $256 $$Other liabilities$368 $505 $$
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs(2)Notes issued by consolidated VIEs(2)282 305 Notes issued by consolidated VIEs(2)232 274 
Total liabilities of consolidated VIEsTotal liabilities of consolidated VIEs$847 $561 $$Total liabilities of consolidated VIEs$600 $779 $$
 __________
(1)Total assets of consolidated VIEs reflect $2,747$2,907 million and $2,538$2,885 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively, related to VIEs whose beneficial interests are wholly-owned by consolidated subsidiaries.
(2)Recourse is limited to the assets of the respective VIE and does not extend to the general credit of the Company. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, the maturity of this obligation was within 3 years.
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities
 
The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of certain VIEs for which it is the investment manager. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss resulting from its relationship with unconsolidated VIEs for which it is the investment manager is limited to its investment in the VIEs, which was $960$906 million and $935$997 million at Septemberas of June 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively. These investments are reflected in “Fixed maturities, available-for-sale,” “Fixed maturities, trading,” “Equity securities” and “Other invested assets.” There are no liabilities associated with these unconsolidated VIEs on the Company’s Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
 
In the normal course of its activities, the Company will invest in limited partnerships and limited liability companies (“LPs/LLCs”), which include hedge funds, private equity funds and real estate-related funds and may or may not be VIEs. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss on these investments, both VIEs and non-VIEs, is limited to the amount of its investment. The Company classifies these investments as “Other invested assets” and its maximum exposure to loss associated with these entities excluding “Assets held-for-sale,” was $15,320 million and $12,883$16,771 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022, and $15,966 million as of December 31, 2020, respectively.2021, excluding “Assets held-for-sale.”
 
In addition, in the normal course of its activities, the Company will invest in structured investments including VIEs for which it is not the investment manager. These structured investments typically invest in fixed income investments and are managed by third-parties and include asset-backed securities, commercial mortgage-backed securities and residential mortgage-backed securities. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss on these structured investments, both VIEs and non-VIEs, is limited to the amount of its investment. See Note 3 for details regarding the carrying amounts and classification of these assets. The Company has not provided material financial or other support that was not contractually required to these structures. The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of these structures due to the fact that it does not control these entities.

5. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING
 
Types of Derivative and Hedging Instruments

The Company utilizes various derivatives and hedging instruments to manage its risk. Commonly used derivative and non-derivative hedging instruments include, but are not necessarily limited to:
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Interest rate contracts: futures, swaps, forwards, options, caps and floors
Equity contracts: futures, options and total return swaps
Foreign exchange contracts: futures, options, forwards, swaps, and foreign currency debt instruments
Credit contracts: single and index reference credit default swaps

Other types of financial contracts that the Company accounts for as derivatives are:
To-be-announced (“TBA”) forward contracts, loan commitments, embedded derivatives and synthetic guaranteed investment contracts (“GICs”).

For detailed information on these contracts and the related strategies, see Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

Primary Risks Managed by Derivatives
 
The table below provides a summary of the gross notional amount and fair value of derivatives contracts by the primary underlying risks, excluding embedded derivatives and associated reinsurance recoverables. Many derivative instruments contain multiple underlying risks. The fair value amounts below represent the value of derivative contracts prior to taking into account of the netting effects of master netting agreements and cash collateral. This netting impact results in total derivative assets of $2,213$2,318 million and $1,906$3,266 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively, and total derivative liabilities of $1,185$1,857 million and $792$2,278 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively, reflected in the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

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Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Primary Underlying Risk /Instrument TypePrimary Underlying Risk /Instrument TypeSeptember 30, 2021December 31, 2020Primary Underlying Risk /Instrument TypeJune 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Fair Value Fair Value Fair Value Fair Value
Gross NotionalAssetsLiabilitiesGross NotionalAssetsLiabilitiesGross NotionalAssetsLiabilitiesGross NotionalAssetsLiabilities
(in millions) (in millions)
Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments:Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments:Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Interest RateInterest RateInterest Rate
Interest Rate SwapsInterest Rate Swaps$3,182 $716 $(76)$3,065 $978 $(90)Interest Rate Swaps$3,746 $187 $(106)$3,591 $805 $(69)
Interest Rate ForwardsInterest Rate Forwards298 (11)249 (8)Interest Rate Forwards497 (58)248 15 (2)
Foreign CurrencyForeign CurrencyForeign Currency
Foreign Currency ForwardsForeign Currency Forwards4,258 59 (101)2,577 68 (116)Foreign Currency Forwards5,145 121 (191)4,789 62 (107)
Currency/Interest RateCurrency/Interest RateCurrency/Interest Rate
Foreign Currency SwapsForeign Currency Swaps20,908 1,097 (268)22,642 878 (1,037)Foreign Currency Swaps23,870 3,206 (341)21,272 1,151 (193)
Total Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting InstrumentsTotal Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments$28,646 $1,880 $(456)$28,533 $1,924 $(1,251)Total Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments$33,258 $3,514 $(696)$29,900 $2,033 $(371)
Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments:Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments:Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Interest RateInterest RateInterest Rate
Interest Rate SwapsInterest Rate Swaps$196,080 $10,549 $(14,874)$178,803 $17,174 $(13,172)Interest Rate Swaps$202,568 $7,800 $(16,220)$196,124 $10,515 $(14,430)
Interest Rate FuturesInterest Rate Futures17,449 (14)15,778 99 (5)Interest Rate Futures15,032 103 (67)17,429 76 (9)
Interest Rate OptionsInterest Rate Options15,368 532 (240)14,593 914 (233)Interest Rate Options13,648 554 (508)15,353 710 (265)
Interest Rate ForwardsInterest Rate Forwards3,509 26 (4)2,910 25 Interest Rate Forwards3,745 32 (40)4,709 41 (11)
Foreign CurrencyForeign CurrencyForeign Currency
Foreign Currency ForwardsForeign Currency Forwards28,903 930 (1,061)35,478 764 (647)Foreign Currency Forwards33,187 2,114 (2,438)28,235 1,046 (1,209)
Foreign Currency OptionsForeign Currency OptionsForeign Currency Options
Currency/Interest RateCurrency/Interest RateCurrency/Interest Rate
Foreign Currency SwapsForeign Currency Swaps11,493 661 (257)13,661 537 (601)Foreign Currency Swaps12,817 1,414 (219)12,683 751 (216)
CreditCreditCredit
Credit Default SwapsCredit Default Swaps6,849 168 3,360 63 (28)Credit Default Swaps5,462 (57)3,489 128 (1)
EquityEquityEquity
Equity FuturesEquity Futures4,329 (43)5,668 10 (25)Equity Futures3,793 (27)6,178 (10)
Equity OptionsEquity Options35,514 405 (682)36,250 1,731 (1,028)Equity Options60,425 1,546 (1,960)60,057 2,065 (2,640)
Total Return SwapsTotal Return Swaps13,990 287 (20)22,489 32 (1,277)Total Return Swaps10,825 846 (27)13,850 49 (430)
OtherOtherOther
Other(1)Other(1)1,258 1,262 Other(1)1,250 1,255 
Synthetic GICsSynthetic GICs83,200 86,264 Synthetic GICs84,082 (1)81,984 
Total Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting InstrumentsTotal Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments$417,942 $13,565 $(17,195)$416,516 $21,349 $(17,016)Total Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments$446,834 $14,418 $(21,564)$441,346 $15,383 $(19,221)
Total Derivatives(2)(3)(4)Total Derivatives(2)(3)(4)$446,588 $15,445 $(17,651)$445,049 $23,273 $(18,267)Total Derivatives(2)(3)(4)$480,092 $17,932 $(22,260)$471,246 $17,416 $(19,592)
__________
(1)“Other” primarily includes derivative contracts used to improve the balance of the Company’s tail longevity and mortality risk. Under these contracts, the Company’s gains (losses) are capped at the notional amount.
(2)Excludes embedded derivatives and associated reinsurance recoverables which contain multiple underlying risks. The fair value of these embedded derivatives was a net liability of $9,994$8,781 million and $20,119$10,245 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively, primarily included in “Future policy benefits.”benefits” and "Policyholder account balances."
(3)Recorded in “Other invested assets” and “Other liabilities” on the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
(4)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” with fair value of $1,282$1,643 million as of December 31, 2021 and “Liabilities held-for-sale” with fair value of $1,309$1,503 million as of December 31, 2021 with an outstanding gross notional amountsamount of $38,690$41,179 million as of September 30,December 31, 2021. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, the following amounts were recorded on the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position related to the carrying amount of the hedged assets (liabilities) and cumulative basis adjustments included in the carrying amount for fair value hedges.
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Balance Sheet Line Item in which Hedged Item is RecordedBalance Sheet Line Item in which Hedged Item is RecordedCarrying Amount of the Hedged Assets (Liabilities)Cumulative Amount of
Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the
Carrying Amount of the Hedged
Assets (Liabilities)(1)
Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets (Liabilities)Cumulative Amount of
Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the
Carrying Amount of the Hedged
Assets (Liabilities)(1)
Balance Sheet Line Item in which Hedged Item is RecordedCarrying Amount of the Hedged Assets (Liabilities)Cumulative Amount of
Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the
Carrying Amount of the Hedged
Assets (Liabilities)(1)
Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets (Liabilities)Cumulative Amount of
Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the
Carrying Amount of the Hedged
Assets (Liabilities)(1)
(in millions)(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair valueFixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value$418 $59 $402 $79 Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value$526 $63 $641 $63 
Commercial mortgage and other loansCommercial mortgage and other loans$18 $$20 $Commercial mortgage and other loans$$$17 $
Policyholders’ account balancesPolicyholders’ account balances$(1,533)$(166)$(1,627)$(303)Policyholders’ account balances$(1,297)$115 $(1,552)$(170)
Future policy benefitsFuture policy benefits$(2,539)$(252)$(1,585)$(372)Future policy benefits$(2,488)$259 $(3,001)$(279)
__________
(1)There were no material fair value hedging adjustments for hedged assets and liabilities for which hedge accounting has been discontinued.

Most of the Company’s derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting for various reasons. For example: (i) derivatives that economically hedge embedded derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting because changes in the fair value of the embedded derivatives are already recorded in net income; (ii) derivatives that are utilized as macro hedges of the Company’s exposure to various risks typically do not qualify for hedge accounting because they do not meet the criteria required under portfolio hedge accounting rules; and (iii) synthetic GICs, which are product standalone derivatives, do not qualify as hedging instruments under hedge accounting rules.

Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
 
The following table presents recognized derivative instruments (excluding embedded derivatives and associated reinsurance recoverables), and repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements that are offset in the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, and/or are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement, irrespective of whether they are offset in the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
 
September 30, 2021 June 30, 2022
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Financial
Instruments
Gross
Amounts
Offset in the
Statements
of Financial
Position
Net
Amounts
Presented in
the Statements
of Financial
Position
Financial
Instruments/
Collateral(1)
Net
Amount
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Financial
Instruments
Gross
Amounts
Offset in the
Statements
of Financial
Position
Net
Amounts
Presented in
the Statements
of Financial
Position
Financial
Instruments/
Collateral(1)
Net
Amount
(in millions) (in millions)
Offsetting of Financial Assets:(2)Offsetting of Financial Assets:(2)Offsetting of Financial Assets:(2)
DerivativesDerivatives$15,301 $(13,233)$2,068 $(787)$1,281 Derivatives$17,806 $(15,614)$2,192 $(1,030)$1,162 
Securities purchased under agreement to resellSecurities purchased under agreement to resell69 69 (69)Securities purchased under agreement to resell118 118 (118)
Total assetsTotal assets$15,370 $(13,233)$2,137 $(856)$1,281 Total assets$17,924 $(15,614)$2,310 $(1,148)$1,162 
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities:(2)Offsetting of Financial Liabilities:(2)Offsetting of Financial Liabilities:(2)
DerivativesDerivatives$17,646 $(16,466)$1,180 $(956)$224 Derivatives$22,257 $(20,403)$1,854 $(1,854)$
Securities sold under agreement to repurchaseSecurities sold under agreement to repurchase9,899 9,899 (9,561)338 Securities sold under agreement to repurchase8,006 8,006 (7,937)69 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities$27,545 $(16,466)$11,079 $(10,517)$562 Total liabilities$30,263 $(20,403)$9,860 $(9,791)$69 
 
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
December 31, 2020 December 31, 2021
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Financial
Instruments
Gross
Amounts
Offset in the
Statements
of Financial
Position
Net
Amounts
Presented in
the Statements
of Financial
Position
Financial
Instruments/
Collateral(1)
Net
Amount
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Financial
Instruments
Gross
Amounts
Offset in the
Statements
of Financial
Position
Net
Amounts
Presented in
the Statements
of Financial
Position
Financial
Instruments/
Collateral(1)
Net
Amount
(in millions) (in millions)
Offsetting of Financial Assets:(2)Offsetting of Financial Assets:(2)Offsetting of Financial Assets:(2)
DerivativesDerivatives$23,144 $(21,367)$1,777 $(806)$971 Derivatives$17,272 $(14,150)$3,122 $(802)$2,320 
Securities purchased under agreement to resellSecurities purchased under agreement to resell252 252 (252)Securities purchased under agreement to resell704 704 (704)
Total assetsTotal assets$23,396 $(21,367)$2,029 $(1,058)$971 Total assets$17,976 $(14,150)$3,826 $(1,506)$2,320 
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities:(2)Offsetting of Financial Liabilities:(2)Offsetting of Financial Liabilities:(2)
DerivativesDerivatives$18,265 $(17,475)$790 $(790)$Derivatives$19,587 $(17,314)$2,273 $(797)$1,476 
Securities sold under agreement to repurchaseSecurities sold under agreement to repurchase10,894 10,894 (10,432)462 Securities sold under agreement to repurchase10,185 10,185 (9,699)486 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities$29,159 $(17,475)$11,684 $(11,222)$462 Total liabilities$29,772 $(17,314)$12,458 $(10,496)$1,962 
__________
(1)Amounts exclude the excess of collateral received/pledged from/to the counterparty.
(2)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” with fair value of $1,282$1,643 million as of December 31, 2021 and “Liabilities held-for-sale” with fair value of $1,309 million.$1,503 million as of December 31, 2021. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.

information.

For information regarding the rights of offset associated with the derivative assets and liabilities in the table above, see “—Counterparty Credit Risk” below. For securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase, the Company monitors the value of the securities and maintains collateral, as appropriate, to protect against credit exposure. Where the Company has entered into repurchase and resale agreements with the same counterparty, in the event of default, the Company would generally be permitted to exercise rights of offset. For additional information on the Company’s accounting policy for securities repurchase and resale agreements, see Note 2 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.
 
Cash Flow, Fair Value and Net Investment Hedges
 
The primary derivative and non-derivative instruments used by the Company in its fair value, cash flow and net investment hedge accounting relationships are interest rate swaps, currency swaps, currency forwards, and foreign currency denominated debts. These instruments are only designated for hedge accounting in instances where the appropriate criteria are met. The Company does not use futures, options, credit, or equity derivatives in any of its fair value, cash flow or net investment hedge accounting relationships.
 
The following table provides the financial statement classification and impact of derivatives used in qualifying and non-qualifying hedge relationships, including the offset of the hedged item in fair value hedge relationships.


















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Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
 Realized
Investment
Gains
(Losses)
Net
Investment
Income
Other
Income (Loss)
Interest
Expense
Interest
Credited to
Policyholders’
Account
Balances
Policyholders’ BenefitsChange in AOCI(1)
 (in millions)
Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Fair value hedges
Gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedge instruments:
Interest Rate$13 $(1)$$$(126)$(159)$
Currency(5)(151)
Total gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedge instruments(1)(126)(310)
Gains (losses) on the hedged item:
Interest Rate(13)138 173 
Currency151 
Total gains (losses) on hedged item(6)138 324 
Amortization for gains (losses) excluded from assessment of the effectiveness
Currency52 
Total Amortization for gain (loss) excluded from assessment of the effectiveness52 
Total gains (losses) on fair value hedges net of hedged item12 14 52 
Cash flow hedges
Interest Rate(1)(76)
Currency114 
Currency/Interest Rate44 68 391 1,277 
Total gains (losses) on cash flow hedges48 67 391 1,315 
Net investment hedges
Currency22 
Currency/Interest Rate
Total gains (losses) on net investment hedges22 
Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Interest Rate(3,640)
Currency(162)
Currency/Interest Rate646 
Credit(126)
Equity1,178 
Other
Embedded Derivatives1,542 
Total gains (losses) on derivatives not qualifying as hedge accounting instruments(561)
Total$(511)$72 $394 $$12 $14 $1,389 

 Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
 Realized
Investment
Gains
(Losses)
Net
Investment
Income
Other
Income (Loss)
Interest
Expense
Interest
Credited to
Policyholders’
Account
Balances
Policyholders’ BenefitsAOCI(1)
 (in millions)
Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Fair value hedges
Gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedge instruments:
Interest Rate$$(2)$$$(16)$(15)$
Currency(16)
Total gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedge instruments(2)(16)(31)
Gains (losses) on the hedged item:
Interest Rate(9)27 21 
Currency16 
Total gains (losses) on hedged item(9)27 37 
Amortization for gains (losses) excluded from assessment of the effectiveness
Currency(1)(12)
Total Amortization for Gain (Loss) Excluded from Assessment of the Effectiveness(1)(12)
Total gains (losses) on fair value hedges net of hedged item(5)11 (12)
Cash flow hedges
Interest Rate(7)
Currency(1)55 
Currency/Interest Rate18 66 145 551 
Total gains (losses) on cash flow hedges10 66 145 606 
Net investment hedges
Currency
Currency/Interest Rate
Total gains (losses) on net investment hedges
Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Interest Rate(413)
Currency88 
Currency/Interest Rate205 
Credit
Equity(111)
Other(1)
Embedded Derivatives354 
Total gains (losses) on derivatives not qualifying as hedge accounting instruments123 
Total$128 $68 $148 $$11 $$595 






37

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
 Realized
Investment
Gains
(Losses)
Net
Investment
Income
Other
Income (Loss)
Interest
Expense
Interest
Credited to
Policyholders’
Account
Balances
Policyholders’ BenefitsAOCI(1)
 (in millions)
Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Fair value hedges
Gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedge instruments:
Interest Rate$17 $(7)$$$(108)$(93)$
Currency(1)(8)
Total gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedge instruments16 (7)(108)(101)
Gains (losses) on the hedged item:
Interest Rate(22)12 138 109 
Currency
Total gains (losses) on hedged item(21)13 138 117 
Amortization for gains (losses) excluded from assessment of the effectiveness
Currency(4)(39)
Total Amortization for Gain (Loss) Excluded from Assessment of the Effectiveness(4)(39)
Total gains (losses) on fair value hedges net of hedged item(5)30 12 (39)
Cash flow hedges
Interest Rate(30)
Currency(4)53 
Currency/Interest Rate56 204 175 1,012 
Total gains (losses) on cash flow hedges58 205 175 1,035 
Net investment hedges
Currency(12)
Currency/Interest Rate
Total gains (losses) on net investment hedges(12)
Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Interest Rate(2,969)
Currency(249)(3)
Currency/Interest Rate620 
Credit28 
Equity(2,017)
Other
Embedded Derivatives5,673 
Total gains (losses) on derivatives not qualifying as hedge accounting instruments1,087 (2)
Total$1,140 $211 $173 $$30 $12 $984 

 Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
 Realized
Investment
Gains
(Losses)
Net
Investment
Income
Other
Income (Loss)
Interest
Expense
Interest
Credited to
Policyholders’
Account
Balances
Policyholders’ BenefitsChange in AOCI(1)
 (in millions)
Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Fair value hedges
Gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedge instruments:
Interest Rate$27 $(3)$$$(267)$(317)$
Currency(30)(1)(207)
Total gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedge instruments(3)(4)(267)(524)
Gains (losses) on the hedged item:
Interest Rate(27)285 332 
Currency32 204 
Total gains (losses) on hedged item10 285 536 
Amortization for gains (losses) excluded from assessment of the effectiveness
Currency(2)63 
Total Amortization for gain (loss) excluded from assessment of the effectiveness(2)63 
Total gains (losses) on fair value hedges net of hedged item18 10 63 
Cash flow hedges
Interest Rate(5)(134)
Currency144 
Currency/Interest Rate49 137 471 1,417 
Total gains (losses) on cash flow hedges48 137 471 1,427 
Net investment hedges
Currency10 
Currency/Interest Rate
Total gains (losses) on net investment hedges10 
Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Interest Rate(7,245)
Currency(371)(1)
Currency/Interest Rate786 
Credit(163)
Equity1,654 
Other
Embedded Derivatives4,866 
Total gains (losses) on derivatives not qualifying as hedge accounting instruments(471)
Total$(421)$143 $474 $$18 $10 $1,500 






38

Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
 Realized
Investment
Gains
(Losses)
Net
Investment
Income
Other
Income (Loss)
Interest
Expense
Interest
Credited to
Policyholders’
Account
Balances
Policyholders’ BenefitsChange in AOCI(1)
 (in millions)
Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Fair value hedges
Gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedge instruments:
Interest Rate$(7)$(2)$$$100 $92 $
Currency
Total gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedge instruments(7)(2)100 93 
Gains (losses) on the hedged item:
Interest Rate(96)(92)
Currency(1)
Total gains (losses) on hedged item(96)(93)
Amortization for gains (losses) excluded from assessment of the effectiveness
Currency(1)(29)
Total amortization for gain (loss) excluded from assessment of the effectiveness(1)(29)
Total gains (losses) on fair value hedges net of hedged item(1)(29)
Cash flow hedges
Interest Rate16 
Currency(2)15 
Currency/Interest Rate13 67 (24)389 
Total gains (losses) on cash flow hedges19 67 (24)420 
Net investment hedges
Currency11 (13)
Currency/Interest Rate
Total gains (losses) on net investment hedges11 (13)
Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Interest Rate3,348 
Currency(58)(1)
Currency/Interest Rate133 (1)
Credit24 
Equity(898)
Other
Embedded Derivatives(2,332)
Total gains (losses) on derivatives not qualifying as hedge accounting instruments217 (2)
Total$236 $69 $(15)$$$(1)$378 

 Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
 Realized
Investment
Gains
(Losses)
Net
Investment
Income
Other
Income (Loss)
Interest
Expense
Interest
Credited to
Policyholders’
Account
Balances
Policyholders’ BenefitsAOCI(1)
 (in millions)
Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Fair value hedges
Gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedge instruments:
Interest Rate$$(2)$$$(35)$(37)$
Currency(1)15 
Total gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedge instruments(2)(35)(22)
Gains (losses) on the hedged item:
Interest Rate(6)49 48 
Currency(15)
Total gains (losses) on hedged item(6)49 33 
Amortization for gains (losses) excluded from assessment of the effectiveness
Currency(1)
Total Amortization for Gain (Loss) Excluded from Assessment of the Effectiveness(1)
Total gains (losses) on fair value hedges net of hedged item(2)14 10 
Cash flow hedges
Interest Rate19 (15)
Currency(65)
Currency/Interest Rate55 78 (210)(1,011)
Total gains (losses) on cash flow hedges74 78 (210)(1,091)
Net investment hedges
Currency(6)142 (143)
Currency/Interest Rate
Total gains (losses) on net investment hedges(6)142 (143)
Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Interest Rate(1,163)
Currency(44)
Currency/Interest Rate(394)(3)
Credit(15)
Equity(2,243)
Other
Embedded Derivatives3,254 
Total gains (losses) on derivatives not qualifying as hedge accounting instruments(604)(1)
Total$(538)$80 $(69)$$14 $10 $(1,232)







39

Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Realized
Investment
Gains
(Losses)
Net
Investment
Income
Other
Income (Loss)
Interest
Expense
Interest
Credited to
Policyholders’
Account
Balances
Policyholders’ BenefitsAOCI(1) Realized
Investment
Gains
(Losses)
Net
Investment
Income
Other
Income (Loss)
Interest
Expense
Interest
Credited to
Policyholders’
Account
Balances
Policyholders’ BenefitsChange in AOCI(1)
(in millions) (in millions)
Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments:Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments:Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Fair value hedgesFair value hedgesFair value hedges
Gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedge instruments:Gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedge instruments:Gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedge instruments:
Interest RateInterest Rate$(24)$(6)$$$295 $242 $Interest Rate$14 $(5)$$$(91)$(79)$
CurrencyCurrency17 Currency(2)
Total gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedge instrumentsTotal gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedge instruments(23)(6)295 259 Total gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedge instruments12 (5)(91)(71)
Gains (losses) on the hedged item:Gains (losses) on the hedged item:Gains (losses) on the hedged item:
Interest RateInterest Rate23 13 (269)(222)Interest Rate(14)111 88 
CurrencyCurrency(1)(17)Currency(8)
Total gains (losses) on hedged itemTotal gains (losses) on hedged item22 14 (269)(239)Total gains (losses) on hedged item(12)111 80 
Amortization for gains (losses) excluded from assessment of the effectivenessAmortization for gains (losses) excluded from assessment of the effectivenessAmortization for gains (losses) excluded from assessment of the effectiveness
CurrencyCurrency(1)(1)Currency(3)(27)
Total Amortization for Gain (Loss) Excluded from Assessment of the Effectiveness(1)(1)
Total amortization for gain (loss) excluded from assessment of the effectivenessTotal amortization for gain (loss) excluded from assessment of the effectiveness(3)(27)
Total gains (losses) on fair value hedges net of hedged itemTotal gains (losses) on fair value hedges net of hedged item(1)26 19 (1)Total gains (losses) on fair value hedges net of hedged item20 (27)
Cash flow hedgesCash flow hedgesCash flow hedges
Interest RateInterest Rate27 29 Interest Rate13 (31)
CurrencyCurrency27 Currency(3)(2)
Currency/Interest RateCurrency/Interest Rate121 239 (17)519 Currency/Interest Rate38 138 29 462 
Total gains (losses) on cash flow hedgesTotal gains (losses) on cash flow hedges152 239 (17)575 Total gains (losses) on cash flow hedges48 139 29 429 
Net investment hedgesNet investment hedgesNet investment hedges
CurrencyCurrency(6)142 (133)Currency11 (13)
Currency/Interest RateCurrency/Interest RateCurrency/Interest Rate
Total gains (losses) on net investment hedgesTotal gains (losses) on net investment hedges(6)142 (133)Total gains (losses) on net investment hedges11 (13)
Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments:Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments:Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Interest RateInterest Rate7,829 Interest Rate(2,576)
CurrencyCurrency186 (5)Currency(336)(4)
Currency/Interest RateCurrency/Interest Rate337 (1)Currency/Interest Rate415 (1)
CreditCredit(56)Credit27 
EquityEquity(2,028)Equity(1,887)
OtherOtherOther
Embedded DerivativesEmbedded Derivatives(9,339)Embedded Derivatives5,320 
Total gains (losses) on derivatives not qualifying as hedge accounting instrumentsTotal gains (losses) on derivatives not qualifying as hedge accounting instruments(3,070)(6)Total gains (losses) on derivatives not qualifying as hedge accounting instruments964 (5)
TotalTotal$(2,925)$247 $119 $$26 $19 $441 Total$1,012 $142 $35 $$20 $$389 
_______
(1)Net change in AOCI, excludingExcluding changes related to net investment hedges using non-derivative instruments of $(7)$102 million and $7$131 million for the three and nine months ended Septemberand six months ended June 30, 2022, and $3 million and $14 million for the three months ended and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $(17) million for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.respectively.


 
40

Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Presented below is a rollforward of current period cash flow hedges in AOCI before taxes:
 (in millions)
Balance, December 31, 20202021$(168)1,019 
Amount recorded in AOCI:
Interest Rate(23)(139)
Currency49148 
Currency/Interest Rate1,4472,074 
Total amount recorded in AOCI1,4732,083 
Amount reclassified from AOCI to income:
Interest Rate(7)
Currency(4)
Currency/Interest Rate(435)(657)
Total amount reclassified from AOCI to income(438)(656)
Balance, SeptemberJune 30, 20212022$8672,446 

The changes in fair value of cash flow hedges are deferred in AOCI and are included in “Net unrealized investment gains (losses)” in the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; these amounts are then reclassified to earnings when the hedged item affects earnings. Using SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 values, it is estimated that a pre-tax gain of approximately $262$289 million is expected to be reclassified from AOCI to earnings during the subsequent twelve months ending SeptemberJune 30, 2022.2023.

The exposures the Company is hedging with these qualifying cash flow hedges include the variability of future cash flows from forecasted transactions denominated in foreign currencies, the purchases of invested assets, and the receipt or payment of variable interest on existing financial instruments. The maximum length of time over which the Company is hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows for forecasted transactions is 1029 years.

There were no material amounts reclassified from AOCI into earnings relating to instances in which the Company discontinued cash flow hedge accounting because the forecasted transaction did not occur by the anticipated date or within the additional time period permitted by the authoritative guidance for the accounting for derivatives and hedging. In addition, there were no instances in which the Company discontinued fair value hedge accounting due to a hedged firm commitment no longer qualifying as a fair value hedge.

For net investment hedges, in addition to derivatives, the Company uses foreign currency denominated debt to hedge the risk of change in the net investment in a foreign subsidiary due to changes in exchange rates. For effective net investment hedges, the amounts, before applicable taxes, recorded in the cumulative translation adjustment within AOCI were $(6)$123 million and $(5)$141 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, respectively, and $(160)$(10) million and $(150)$1 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2021, respectively.

Credit Derivatives
 
The following table provides a summary of the notional and fair value of written credit protection.protection, presented as assets (liabilities). The Company’s maximum amount at risk under these credit derivatives, assuming the value of the underlying referenced securities become worthless, is equal to the notional amounts. These credit derivatives have maturities of less than 1125 years and less than 26 years for Single name and Index Reference.
41

Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
September 30, 2021June 30, 2022
NAIC Rating Designation of Underlying Credit Obligation(1)NAIC Rating Designation of Underlying Credit Obligation(1)
NAIC 1NAIC 2NAIC 3NAIC 4NAIC 5NAIC 6Total(3)NAIC 1NAIC 2NAIC 3NAIC 4NAIC 5NAIC 6Total
Gross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair Value
(in millions)(in millions)
Single name reference(2)Single name reference(2)$49 $$$$685 $$$$$$223 $20 $957 $27 Single name reference(2)$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Index reference(2)Index reference(2)5,125 84 757 57 5,882 141 Index reference(2)49 4,370 (37)833 (20)5,252 (57)
TotalTotal$49 $$$$5,810 $91 $$$$$980 $77 $6,839 $168 Total$49 $$$$4,370 $(37)$$$$$833 $(20)$5,252 $(57)
December 31, 2020December 31, 2021
NAIC Rating Designation of Underlying Credit Obligation(1)NAIC Rating Designation of Underlying Credit Obligation(1)
NAIC 1NAIC 2NAIC 3NAIC 4NAIC 5NAIC 6TotalNAIC 1NAIC 2NAIC 3NAIC 4NAIC 5NAIC 6Total(3)
Gross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair ValueGross NotionalFair Value
(in millions)(in millions)
Single name reference(2)Single name reference(2)$$$$$$$$$$$$$$Single name reference(2)$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Index reference(2)Index reference(2)50 3,003 63 3,053 63 Index reference(2)49 2,397 41 928 87 3,374 128 
TotalTotal$50 $$$$3,003 $63 $$$$$$$3,053 $63 Total$49 $$$$2,397 $41 $$$$$928 $87 $3,374 $128 
_________
(1)The NAIC rating designations are based on availability and the lowest ratings among Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's"), Standard & Poor’s Rating Services (“S&P”) and Fitch Ratings Inc. (“Fitch”). If no rating is available from a rating agency, a NAIC 6 rating is used.
(2)Single name credit default swaps may reference to the credit of corporate debt, sovereign debt, and structured finance. Index references NAIC designations are based on the lowest rated single name reference included in the index.
(3)Excludes “Assets-held-for-sale”“Assets held-for-sale” with fair value of $48$54 million as of September 30,December 31, 2021 and “Liabilities held-for-sale” with fair value of $0 million as of December 31, 2021, with an outstanding notional amount of $1,971 million as of December 31, 2021. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.

In addition to writing credit protection, the Company has purchased credit protection using credit derivatives in order to hedge specific credit exposures in the Company’s investment portfolio. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, the Company had $10$210 million and $307$115 million of outstanding notional amounts and reported at fair value as an asset of $6 million and a liability of $0$1 million, and $28 million, respectively.

Counterparty Credit Risk

The Company is exposed to losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to financial derivative transactions with a positive fair value. The Company manages credit risk by: (i) entering into derivative transactions with highly rated major international financial institutions and other creditworthy counterparties governed by master netting agreements, as applicable; (ii) trading through central clearing and over-the-counter (“OTC”) parties; (iii) obtaining collateral, such as cash and securities, when appropriate; and (iv) setting limits on single party credit exposures which are subject to periodic management review.

Substantially all of the Company’s derivative agreements have zero thresholds which require daily full collateralization by the party in a liability position. In addition, certain of the Company’s derivative agreements contain credit-risk related contingent features; if the credit rating of one of the parties to the derivative agreement is to fall below a certain level, the party with positive fair value could request termination at the then fair value or demand immediate full collateralization from the party whose credit rating fell and is in a net liability position.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, there were no net liability derivative positions with counterparties with credit risk-related contingent features. All derivatives have been appropriately collateralized by the Company or the counterparty in accordance with the terms of the derivative agreements.
42

Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
6. FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
 
Fair Value Measurement—Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The authoritative fair value guidance establishes a framework for measuring fair value that includes a hierarchy used to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value. The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
 
Level 1—Fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible to the Company for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Fair value is based on significant inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability through corroboration with observable market data. Level 2 inputs include quoted market prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted market prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, and other market observable inputs.

Level 3—Fair value is based on at least one significant unobservable input for the asset or liability. The assets and liabilities in this category may require significant judgment or estimation in determining the fair value.

For a discussion of Company’s valuation methodologies for assets and liabilities measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy, see Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

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Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Assets and Liabilities by Hierarchy Level—The tables below present the balances of assets and liabilities reported at fair value on a recurring basis, as of the dates indicated.
43

Table of Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
As of September 30, 2021(1) As of June 30, 2022
Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting(2)Total Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting(2)Total
(in millions) (in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agenciesU.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies$$32,771 $135 $$32,906 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies$$25,294 $$$25,294 
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisionsObligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions12,195 12,203 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions10,451 10,458 
Foreign government bondsForeign government bonds97,736 10 97,746 Foreign government bonds75,063 75,072 
U.S. corporate public securitiesU.S. corporate public securities110,351 131 110,482 U.S. corporate public securities88,289 64 88,353 
U.S. corporate private securities(3)U.S. corporate private securities(3)34,521 2,213 36,734 U.S. corporate private securities(3)32,879 2,122 35,001 
Foreign corporate public securitiesForeign corporate public securities27,560 128 27,688 Foreign corporate public securities21,531 69 21,600 
Foreign corporate private securitiesForeign corporate private securities25,124 2,894 28,018 Foreign corporate private securities25,026 1,284 26,310 
Asset-backed securities(4)Asset-backed securities(4)10,484 761 11,245 Asset-backed securities(4)10,374 290 10,664 
Commercial mortgage-backed securitiesCommercial mortgage-backed securities13,194 13,194 Commercial mortgage-backed securities10,379 1,067 11,446 
Residential mortgage-backed securitiesResidential mortgage-backed securities2,710 326 3,036 Residential mortgage-backed securities2,332 125 2,457 
SubtotalSubtotal366,646 6,606 373,252 Subtotal301,618 5,037 306,655 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agenciesU.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies197 197 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies187 187 
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisionsObligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisionsObligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions
Foreign government bondsForeign government bonds791 791 Foreign government bonds658 658 
Corporate securitiesCorporate securities108 108 Corporate securities90 90 
Asset-backed securities(4)Asset-backed securities(4)Asset-backed securities(4)
Commercial mortgage-backed securitiesCommercial mortgage-backed securitiesCommercial mortgage-backed securities
Residential mortgage-backed securitiesResidential mortgage-backed securitiesResidential mortgage-backed securities
Equity securitiesEquity securities817 1,446 2,263 Equity securities752 1,098 1,850 
All other(5)All other(5)54 58 All other(5)
SubtotalSubtotal821 2,596 3,417 Subtotal752 2,033 2,785 
Fixed maturities, tradingFixed maturities, trading9,184 364 9,548 Fixed maturities, trading5,925 347 6,272 
Equity securitiesEquity securities5,447 1,363 757 7,567 Equity securities4,180 1,225 766 6,171 
Commercial mortgage and other loansCommercial mortgage and other loans1,106 1,106 Commercial mortgage and other loans303 303 
Other invested assets(6)Other invested assets(6)167 15,273 376 (13,233)2,583 Other invested assets(6)313 17,618 499 (15,614)2,816 
Short-term investmentsShort-term investments357 2,817 327 3,501 Short-term investments5,915 204 6,127 
Cash equivalentsCash equivalents3,009 4,181 7,190 Cash equivalents450 6,249 6,699 
Other assetsOther assets111 111 Other assets243 243 
Separate account assets(7)(8)Separate account assets(7)(8)13,456 201,978 1,291 216,725 Separate account assets(7)(8)9,932 167,276 1,040 178,248 
Total assetsTotal assets$23,257 $605,144 $9,832 $(13,233)$625,000 Total assets$15,635 $508,162 $8,136 $(15,614)$516,319 
Future policy benefits(9)Future policy benefits(9)$$$9,230 $$9,230 Future policy benefits(9)$$$5,946 $$5,946 
Policyholders’ account balancesPolicyholders’ account balances1,320 1,320 Policyholders’ account balances3,544 3,544 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities62 17,151 (16,466)747 Other liabilities206 21,665 (20,403)1,469 
Notes issued by consolidated VIEsNotes issued by consolidated VIEsNotes issued by consolidated VIEs
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities$62 $17,151 $10,550 $(16,466)$11,297 Total liabilities$206 $21,665 $9,491 $(20,403)$10,959 
 
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
As of December 31, 2020 As of December 31, 2021(1)
Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting(2)Total Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting(2)Total
(in millions) (in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agenciesU.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies$$40,298 $150 $$40,448 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies$$32,158 $$$32,158 
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisionsObligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions12,807 12,811 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions12,210 12,218 
Foreign government bondsForeign government bonds110,233 11 110,244 Foreign government bonds94,659 10 94,669 
U.S. corporate public securitiesU.S. corporate public securities113,486 69 113,555 U.S. corporate public securities112,073 82 112,155 
U.S. corporate private securities(3)U.S. corporate private securities(3)38,689 2,248 40,937 U.S. corporate private securities(3)35,344 2,038 37,382 
Foreign corporate public securitiesForeign corporate public securities29,384 153 29,537 Foreign corporate public securities27,184 125 27,309 
Foreign corporate private securitiesForeign corporate private securities28,727 2,865 31,592 Foreign corporate private securities25,966 3,071 29,037 
Asset-backed securities(4)Asset-backed securities(4)14,068 523 14,591 Asset-backed securities(4)11,200 325 11,525 
Commercial mortgage-backed securitiesCommercial mortgage-backed securities16,294 16,303 Commercial mortgage-backed securities11,763 1,336 13,099 
Residential mortgage-backed securitiesResidential mortgage-backed securities2,876 11 2,887 Residential mortgage-backed securities2,533 325 2,858 
SubtotalSubtotal406,862 6,043 412,905 Subtotal365,090 7,320 372,410 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agenciesU.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies212 212 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies193 193 
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisionsObligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions231 231 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions
Foreign government bondsForeign government bonds926 19 945 Foreign government bonds761 761 
Corporate securitiesCorporate securities14,990 482 15,472 Corporate securities103 103 
Asset-backed securities(4)Asset-backed securities(4)1,583 114 1,697 Asset-backed securities(4)
Commercial mortgage-backed securitiesCommercial mortgage-backed securities1,839 1,839 Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Residential mortgage-backed securitiesResidential mortgage-backed securities1,018 1,018 Residential mortgage-backed securities
Equity securitiesEquity securities1,784 259 2,043 Equity securities862 1,409 2,271 
All other(5)All other(5)50 549 20 619 All other(5)18 20 
SubtotalSubtotal1,834 21,607 635 24,076 Subtotal864 2,484 3,348 
Fixed maturities, tradingFixed maturities, trading3,671 243 3,914 Fixed maturities, trading8,402 421 8,823 
Equity securitiesEquity securities6,207 1,131 660 7,998 Equity securities7,386 192 799 8,377 
Commercial mortgage and other loansCommercial mortgage and other loans1,092 1,092 Commercial mortgage and other loans1,263 1,263 
Other invested assets(6)Other invested assets(6)227 23,045 366 (21,367)2,271 Other invested assets(6)409 17,004 493 (14,150)3,756 
Short-term investmentsShort-term investments405 5,728 177 6,310 Short-term investments1,199 4,114 330 5,643 
Cash equivalentsCash equivalents1,476 4,005 5,482 Cash equivalents753 4,436 70 5,259 
Other assetsOther assets268 268 Other assets164 164 
Separate account assets(7)(8)Separate account assets(7)(8)51,826 250,623 1,821 304,270 Separate account assets(7)(8)12,305 206,383 1,283 219,971 
Total assetsTotal assets$61,975 $717,764 $10,214 $(21,367)$768,586 Total assets$22,916 $609,368 $10,880 $(14,150)$629,014 
Future policy benefits(9)Future policy benefits(9)$$$18,879 $$18,879 Future policy benefits(9)$$$9,068 $$9,068 
Policyholders’ account balancesPolicyholders’ account balances1,914 1,914 Policyholders’ account balances1,436 1,436 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities32 17,828 (17,475)385 Other liabilities33 19,141 (17,314)1,860 
Notes issued by consolidated VIEsNotes issued by consolidated VIEsNotes issued by consolidated VIEs
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities$32 $17,828 $20,793 $(17,475)$21,178 Total liabilities$33 $19,141 $10,504 $(17,314)$12,364 
__________
(1)Excludes amounts for financial instruments reclassified to “Assets held-for-saleheld-for-sale” of $128,234$129,579 million, and “Liabilities held-for-sale” of $5,790 million.$6,214 million as of December 31, 2021. Assets held-for-sale and liabilities held-for-sale are valued on a basis consistent with similar instruments described herein. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.
(2)“Netting” amounts represent cash collateral of $(3,233)$(4,789) million and $3,892$(3,164) million as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively.
(3)Excludes notes with fair value of $5,693$6,291 million (carrying amount of $5,616$6,291 million) and $6,100$5,995 million (carrying amount of $5,966$5,941 million) as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively, which have been offset with the associated payables under a netting agreement.
(4)Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by syndicated bank loans, sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, credit cards, education loans and other asset types.
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(5)All other represents cash equivalents and short-term investments.
(6)Other invested assets excluded from the fair value hierarchy include certain hedge funds, private equity funds and other funds for which fair value is measured at net asset value (“NAV”) per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, the fair values of such investments were $4,382$3,927 million and $4,136$4,290 million respectively.
(7)Separate account assets included in the fair value hierarchy exclude investments in entities that calculate NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. Such investments excluded from the fair value hierarchy include investments in real estate, hedge funds and other invested assets. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, the fair value of such investments was $25,127$27,365 million and $23,007$26,174 million, respectively.
(8)Separate account assets represent segregated funds that are invested for certain customers. Investment risks associated with market value changes are borne by the customers, except to the extent of minimum guarantees made by the Company with respect to certain accounts. Separate account liabilities are not included in the above table as they are reported at contract value and not fair value in the Company’s Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
(9)As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, the net embedded derivative liability position of $9.2 billion$5,948 million includes $0.6 billion$717 million of embedded derivatives in an asset position and $9.8 billion$6,665 million of embedded derivatives in a liability position. As of December 31, 2020,2021, the net embedded derivative liability position of $18.9 billion$9,069 million includes $0.5 billion$611 million of embedded derivatives in an asset position and $19.4 billion$9,680 million of embedded derivatives in a liability position.

Quantitative Information Regarding Internally-Priced Level 3 Assets and Liabilities—The tables below present quantitative information on significant internally-priced Level 3 assets and liabilities.
As of September 30, 2021 As of June 30, 2022


Fair ValueValuation
Techniques
Unobservable InputsMinimumMaximumWeighted
Average
Impact of
Increase in
Input on
Fair
Value(1)

Fair ValueValuation
Techniques
Unobservable InputsMinimumMaximumWeighted
Average
Impact of
Increase in
Input on
Fair
Value(1)
(in millions) (in millions)
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Corporate securities(2)(3)Corporate securities(2)(3)$4,539 Discounted
cash flow
Discount rate0.06%20%4.91%DecreaseCorporate securities(2)(3)$3,047 Discounted
cash flow
Discount rate0.39%20%7.60%Decrease
Market comparablesEBITDA multiples(4)1.3X15.0X9.1XIncreaseMarket comparablesEBITDA multiples(4)1.8X18.5X8.5XIncrease
 LiquidationLiquidation value12.37%62.58%48.50%Increase  LiquidationLiquidation value12.44%12.58%12.51%Increase
Equity securitiesEquity securities$288 Discounted
cash flow(5)
Discount rate0.5%20%DecreaseEquity securities$349 Discounted
cash flow(5)
Discount rate0.5%20%Decrease
Market comparablesEBITDA multiples(4)1.0X9.7X3.1XIncreaseMarket comparablesEBITDA multiples(4)1.0X9.2X2.2XIncrease
Net Asset ValueShare price$0$1,498$507IncreaseNet Asset ValueShare price$6$1,708$591Increase
Separate account assets-commercial mortgage loans(6)Separate account assets-commercial mortgage loans(6)$158 Discounted
cash flow
Spread0.95%1.89%1.08%DecreaseSeparate account assets-commercial mortgage loans(6)$135 Discounted
cash flow
Spread1.25%2.25%1.46%Decrease
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Future policy benefits(7)Future policy benefits(7)$9,230 Discounted
cash flow
Lapse rate(9)1%20%DecreaseFuture policy benefits(7)$5,946 Discounted
cash flow
Lapse rate(9)1%20%Decrease
Spread over LIBOR(10)0.05%1.05%DecreaseSpread over SOFR(10)0.51%2.14%Decrease
Utilization rate(11)39%96%IncreaseUtilization rate(11)38%95%Increase
Withdrawal rateSee table footnote (12) below.Withdrawal rateSee table footnote (12) below.
Mortality rate(13)0%15%DecreaseMortality rate(13)0%15%Decrease
  Equity volatility curve17%26% Increase   Equity volatility curve18%28% Increase
Policyholders’ account balances(8)Policyholders’ account balances(8)$1,320 Discounted
cash flow
Lapse rate(9)1%6%DecreasePolicyholders’ account balances(8)$3,544 Discounted
cash flow
Lapse rate(9)1%6%Decrease
Spread over LIBOR(10)0.05%1.07%DecreaseSpread over SOFR(10)0.51%2.14%Decrease
Mortality rate(13)0%23%DecreaseMortality rate(13)0%23%Decrease
Equity volatility curve13%30%IncreaseEquity volatility curve20%33%Increase
 
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
As of December 31, 2020 As of December 31, 2021


Fair ValueValuation
Techniques
Unobservable InputsMinimumMaximumWeighted
Average
Impact of
Increase in
Input on
Fair
Value(1)

Fair ValueValuation
Techniques
Unobservable InputsMinimumMaximumWeighted
Average
Impact of
Increase in
Input on
Fair
Value(1)
(in millions) (in millions)
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Corporate securities(2)(3)Corporate securities(2)(3)$3,697 Discounted 
cash flow
Discount rate0.40%25%4.28%DecreaseCorporate securities(2)(3)$4,800 Discounted 
cash flow
Discount rate0.31%20%5.00%Decrease
Market comparablesEBITDA multiples(4)7.0X15.0X9.0XIncreaseMarket comparablesEBITDA multiples(4)4.1X19.2X8.9XIncrease
 LiquidationLiquidation value12.13%15.00%13.02%Increase  LiquidationLiquidation value11.31%62.58%55.57%Increase
Equity securitiesEquity securities$195 Discounted 
cash flow(5)
Discount rate0.5%20%DecreaseEquity securities$277 Discounted 
cash flow(5)
Discount rate0.5%20%Decrease
Market comparablesEBITDA multiples(4)1X8.8X3.3XIncreaseMarket comparablesEBITDA multiples(4)1X7.5X4.0XIncrease
Net Asset ValueShare price$1$1,414$495IncreaseNet Asset ValueShare price$1$1,498$594Increase
Separate account assets-commercial mortgage loans(6)Separate account assets-commercial mortgage loans(6)$775 Discounted
cash flow
Spread1.60%2.98%1.80%DecreaseSeparate account assets-commercial mortgage loans(6)$150 Discounted
cash flow
Spread1.05%1.98%1.18%Decrease
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Future policy benefits(7)Future policy benefits(7)$18,879 Discounted
cash flow
Lapse rate(9)1%20%DecreaseFuture policy benefits(7)$9,068 Discounted
cash flow
Lapse rate(9)1%20%Decrease
Spread over LIBOR(10)0.06%1.17%DecreaseSpread over LIBOR(10)0.03%1.14%Decrease
Utilization rate(11)39%96%IncreaseUtilization rate(11)39%96%Increase
Withdrawal rateSee table footnote (12) below.Withdrawal rateSee table footnote (12) below.
Mortality rate(13)0%15%DecreaseMortality rate(13)0%15%Decrease
  Equity volatility curve18%26% Increase   Equity volatility curve16%25% Increase
Policyholders’ account balances(8)Policyholders’ account balances(8)$1,914 Discounted
cash flow
Lapse rate(9)1%42%DecreasePolicyholders’ account balances(8)$1,436 Discounted
cash flow
Lapse rate(9)1%6%Decrease
Spread over LIBOR(10)0.06%1.17%DecreaseSpread over LIBOR(10)0.03%1.14%Decrease
Mortality rate(13)0%24%DecreaseMortality rate(13)0%23%Decrease
Equity volatility curve6%42%IncreaseEquity volatility curve12%27%Increase
__________ 
(1)Conversely, the impact of a decrease in input would have the opposite impact on fair value as that presented in the table.
(2)Includes assets classified as fixed maturities available-for-sale, assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities and fixed maturities trading.
(3)Excludes notes which have been offset with the associated payables under a netting agreement.
(4)Represents multiples of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), and are amounts used when the Company has determined that market participants would use such multiples when valuing the investments.
(5)For these investments, a range of discount rates is typically used (10% to 20%) and is therefore a more meaningful representation of the unobservable inputs used in the valuation rather than weighted average.
(6)Changes in the fair value of separate account assets are borne by customers and thus are offset by changes in separate account liabilities on the Company’s Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. As a result, changes in value associated with these investments are not reflected in the Company’s Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(7)Future policy benefits primarily represent general account liabilities for the living benefit features of the Company’s variable annuity contracts which are accounted for as embedded derivatives. Since the valuation methodology for these liabilities uses a range of inputs that vary at the contract level over the cash flow projection period, presenting a range, rather than weighted average, is a more meaningful representation of the unobservable inputs used in the valuation.
(8)Policyholders’ account balances primarily represent general account liabilities for the index-linked interest credited on certain of the Company’s life and annuity products that are accounted for as embedded derivatives. Since the valuation methodology for these liabilities uses a range of inputs that vary at the contract level over the cash flow projection period, presenting a range, rather than weighted average, is a more meaningful representation of the unobservable inputs used in the valuation.
47

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
(9)Lapse rates for contracts with living benefit guarantees are adjusted at the contract level based on the in-the-moneyness of the living benefit and reflect other factors, such as the applicability of any surrender charges. Lapse rates are reduced when contracts are more in-the-money. Lapse rates for contracts with index-linked crediting guarantees may be adjusted at the contract level based on the applicability of any surrender charges, product type, and market
47

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
related factors such as interest rates. Lapse rates are also generally assumed to be lower for the period where surrender charges apply. For any given contract, lapse rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for the purposes of valuing these embedded derivatives.
(10)The spread over the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) swap curve and the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) swap curve represents the premium added to the proxy for the risk-free rate (LIBOR)(SOFR or LIBOR, as applicable) to reflect the Company’s estimates of rates that a market participant would use to value the living benefits in both the accumulation and payout phases and index-linked interest crediting guarantees.guarantees as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. This spread includes an estimate of NPR, which is the risk that the obligation will not be fulfilled by the Company. NPR is primarily estimated by utilizing the credit spreads associated with issuing funding agreements, adjusted for any illiquidity risk premium. In order to reflect the financial strength ratings of the Company, credit spreads associated with funding agreements, as opposed to credit spread associated with debt, are utilized in developing this estimate because funding agreements, living benefit guarantees, and index-linked interest crediting guarantees are insurance liabilities and are therefore senior to debt.
(11)The utilization rate assumption estimates the percentage of contracts that will utilize the benefit during the contract duration and begin lifetime withdrawals at various time intervals from contract inception. The remaining contractholders are assumed to either begin lifetime withdrawals immediately or never utilize the benefit. Utilization assumptions may vary by product type, tax status and age. The impact of changes in these assumptions is highly dependent on the product type, the age of the contractholder at the time of the sale and the timing of the first lifetime income withdrawal. Range reflects the utilization rate for the vast majority of business with living benefits.
(12)The withdrawal rate assumption estimates the magnitude of annual contractholder withdrawals relative to the maximum allowable amount under the contract. These assumptions vary based on the age of the contractholder, the tax status of the contract and the duration since the contractholder began lifetime withdrawals. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, the minimum withdrawal rate assumption is 77% and 76% respectively. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the maximum withdrawal rate assumption may be greater than 100%. The fair value of the liability will generally increase the closer the withdrawal rate is to 100% and decrease as the withdrawal rate moves further away from 100%.
(13)The range reflects the mortality rates for the vast majority of business with living benefits and other contracts, with policyholders ranging from 45 to 90 years old. While the majority of living benefits have a minimum age requirement, certain other contracts do not have an age restriction. This results in contractholders with mortality rates approaching 0% for certain benefits. Mortality rates may vary by product, age, and duration. A mortality improvement assumption is also incorporated into the overall mortality table.

Interrelationships Between Unobservable InputsIn addition to the sensitivities of fair value measurements to changes in each unobservable input in isolation, as reflected in the table above, interrelationships between these inputs may also exist, such that a change in one unobservable input may give rise to a change in another or multiple inputs. Examples of such interrelationships for significant internally-priced Level 3 assets and liabilities are as follows:

Corporate Securities—The rate used to discount future cash flows reflects current risk-free rates plus credit and liquidity spread requirements that market participants would use to value an asset. The discount rate may be influenced by many factors, including market cycles, expectations of default, collateral, term, and asset complexity. Each of these factors can influence discount rates, either in isolation, or in response to other factors. During weaker economic cycles, as the expectations of default increases, credit spreads widen, which results in a decrease in fair value.

Asset-Backed Securities—Interrelationships may exist between the prepayment rate, the default rate and/or loss severity, depending on specific market conditions. In stronger economic cycles, prepayment rates are generally driven by overall market interest rates and accompanied by lower default rates and loss severity. During weaker economic cycles, prepayments may decline, as default rates and loss severity increase. Additionally, the impact of these factors on average life varies with the structure and subordination. Generally, a change in the assumption used for the probability of default would have been accompanied by a directionally similar change in the assumption used for the loss severity and a directionally opposite change in the assumption used for prepayment rates.

Future Policy Benefits—The Company expects efficient benefit utilization and withdrawal rates to generally be correlated with lapse rates. However, behavior is highly dependent on the facts and circumstances surrounding the individual contractholder, such as their liquidity needs or tax situation, which could drive lapse behavior independent of other contractholder behavior assumptions. To the extent that more efficient contractholder behavior results in greater in-the-moneyness at the contract level, lapse rates may decline for those contracts. Similarly, to the extent that increases in equity volatility are correlated with overall declines in the capital markets, lapse rates may decline as contracts become more in-the-money.

Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities—The following tables describe changes in fair values of Level 3 assets and liabilities as of the dates indicated, as well as the portion of gains or losses included in income attributable to unrealized gains or losses related to those assets and liabilities still held at the end of their respective periods. When a determination is made to classify assets and liabilities within Level 3, the determination is based on significance of the unobservable inputs in the overall fair value measurement. All transfers are based on changes in the observability of the valuation inputs, including the availability of pricing service information that the Company can validate. Transfers into Level 3 are generally the result of unobservable inputs utilized within valuation methodologies and the use of indicative broker quotes for assets that were previously valued using observable inputs. Transfers out of Level 3 are generally due to the use of observable inputs in valuation methodologies as well as the availability of pricing service information for certain assets that the Company can validate.
48

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOther(1)Transfers into
Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3(2)Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOther(1)Transfers into
Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(2)
(in millions)(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. governmentU.S. government$150 $$$$$$$$(15)$135 $U.S. government$$$$$$$$$$$
U.S. statesU.S. states(1)U.S. states(1)(1)
Foreign governmentForeign government10 (1)10 Foreign government10 (1)
Corporate securities(4)5,528 (67)496 (12)18 (374)(1)97 (319)5,366 (82)
Structured securities(5)874 608 (38)(1)130 (488)1,087 (5)
Corporate securities(3)Corporate securities(3)5,005 (84)556 (59)(318)(17)(1,561)3,539 (95)
Structured securities(4)Structured securities(4)1,752 (133)116 (5)(201)(6)(41)1,482 (133)
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:
Foreign governmentForeign government17 (17)Foreign government
Corporate securities(4)549 (3)(81)(157)(309)(2)
Structured securities(5)114 (1)40 (9)(146)(1)
Corporate securities(3)Corporate securities(3)
Structured securities(4)Structured securities(4)
Equity securitiesEquity securitiesEquity securities
All other activityAll other activity(1)All other activity
Other assets:Other assets:Other assets:
Fixed maturities, tradingFixed maturities, trading269 12 (27)(6)157 (44)364 11 Fixed maturities, trading378 (16)23 (1)(24)(15)347 (17)
Equity securitiesEquity securities715 100 (66)757 73 Equity securities772 20 (23)(2)(7)766 
Other invested assetsOther invested assets393 10 (33)(1)376 Other invested assets504 16 (21)(2)(1)499 
Short-term investmentsShort-term investments445 66 (176)(10)327 Short-term investments213 (12)204 
Cash equivalentsCash equivalents(1)Cash equivalents(3)
Other assetsOther assets190 (23)(64)111 (9)Other assets207 32 (1)243 (34)
Separate account assets(6)(5)Separate account assets(6)(5)1,476 (75)(70)615 28 (689)1,291 (2)Separate account assets(6)(5)1,254 (146)12 (5)(4)(71)1,040 (129)
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Future policy benefitsFuture policy benefits(13,579)385 (331)4,295 (9,230)229 Future policy benefits(6,982)1,532 (256)(241)(5,946)1,479 
Policyholders’ account balances(7)(6)Policyholders’ account balances(7)(6)(2,690)(5)(83)1,458 (1,320)568 Policyholders’ account balances(7)(6)(1,402)113 (251)(2,004)(3,544)532 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilitiesOther liabilities(1)(1)
Notes issued by consolidated VIEsNotes issued by consolidated VIEsNotes issued by consolidated VIEs

 Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
Realized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)Net investment incomeRealized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$(10)$$$(59)$$(33)$$$(54)
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities(5)(3)
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading11 11 
Equity securities100 73 
Other invested assets(14)21 (13)21 
Short-term investments
Cash equivalents
Other assets(23)39 (39)(9)
Separate account assets(6)(75)(2)
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits385 229 
Policyholders’ account balances(5)568 
Other liabilities
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs

 Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(2)
Realized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)Net investment incomeRealized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (losses)(7)
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$$$$(225)$(2)$(3)$$$(226)
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading(18)(17)
Equity securities
Other invested assets(2)(2)
Short-term investments
Cash equivalents
Other assets(35)67 (34)
Separate account assets(5)(145)(1)(129)
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits1,532 1,482 (3)
Policyholders’ account balances113 532 
Other liabilities
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs
49

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOther(1)Transfers into
Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3(2)Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOther(1)Transfers into
Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(2)
(in millions)(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. governmentU.S. government$150 $$$$$$$$(15)$135 $U.S. government$$$$$$$$$$$
U.S. statesU.S. statesU.S. states(1)(1)
Foreign governmentForeign government11 (1)10 Foreign government10 (1)(1)
Corporate securities(4)5,335 (229)1,183 (33)38 (868)386 (446)5,366 (284)
Structured securities(5)543 31 1,384 (1)(218)13 441 (1,106)1,087 
Corporate securities(3)Corporate securities(3)5,316 (466)800 (83)(465)(27)16 (1,561)3,539 (467)
Structured securities(4)Structured securities(4)1,986 (278)201 (22)(221)(9)(181)1,482 (279)
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:
Foreign governmentForeign government19 (2)(17)Foreign government
Corporate securities(4)482 17 (109)(157)71 (309)(2)
Structured securities(5)114 (5)213 (31)(293)(5)
Corporate securities(3)Corporate securities(3)
Structured securities(4)Structured securities(4)
Equity securitiesEquity securitiesEquity securities
All other activityAll other activity20 (20)(1)All other activity
Other assets:Other assets:Other assets:
Fixed maturities, tradingFixed maturities, trading243 23 26 (35)(6)159 (46)364 22 Fixed maturities, trading421 (28)33 (30)(40)(15)347 (29)
Equity securitiesEquity securities660 157 99 (128)(9)(23)36 (35)757 124 Equity securities799 28 31 (145)(4)(16)73 766 
Other invested assetsOther invested assets366 24 34 (47)(1)376 25 Other invested assets493 10 37 (38)(2)(1)499 10 
Short-term investmentsShort-term investments177 519 (339)(26)(10)327 (1)Short-term investments330 (130)204 
Cash equivalentsCash equivalents(1)(4)(1)Cash equivalents70 (1)(73)(3)(2)
Other assetsOther assets268 (120)27 (64)111 (116)Other assets164 (12)18 (3)76 243 (75)
Separate account assets(6)(5)Separate account assets(6)(5)1,821 133 79 (21)(12)58 (767)1,291 124 Separate account assets(6)(5)1,283 (192)44 (16)(7)(1)(71)1,040 (189)
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Future policy benefitsFuture policy benefits(18,879)6,335 (993)12 4,295 (9,230)5,694 Future policy benefits(9,068)3,882 (519)(241)(5,946)3,723 
Policyholders’ account balances(7)(6)Policyholders’ account balances(7)(6)(1,914)(553)(311)1,458 (1,320)106 Policyholders’ account balances(7)(6)(1,436)280 (384)(2,004)(3,544)767 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilitiesOther liabilities(1)(1)
Notes issued by consolidated VIEsNotes issued by consolidated VIEsNotes issued by consolidated VIEs

 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
Realized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)Net investment incomeRealized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$19 $$$(223)$$(34)$$$(245)
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities(5)(7)
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading22 22 
Equity securities157 124 
Other invested assets23 24 
Short-term investments(1)
Cash equivalents(1)(1)
Other assets(120)39 (39)(116)
Separate account assets(6)133 124 
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits6,335 5,694 
Policyholders’ account balances(553)106 
Other liabilities
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs

 Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(2)
Realized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)Net investment incomeRealized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (losses)(7)
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$(68)$$$(678)$$(82)$$$(666)
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading(30)(29)
Equity securities28 
Other invested assets(5)15 (5)15 
Short-term investments
Cash equivalents(1)(2)
Other assets(79)67 (75)
Separate account assets(5)(192)(189)
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits3,882 3,726 (3)
Policyholders’ account balances280 767 
Other liabilities
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs
50

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOther(1)Transfers into
Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOther(1)Transfers into
Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(2)
(in millions)(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. governmentU.S. government$122 $$10 $$$$$$$132 $U.S. government$150 $$$$$$$$$150 $
U.S. statesU.S. statesU.S. states
Foreign governmentForeign government21 (12)10 Foreign government11 (1)10 
Corporate securities(4)4,904 215 165 (8)(160)(23)113 (103)5,103 193 
Structured securities(5)801 96 (147)68 (258)566 
Corporate securities(3)Corporate securities(3)5,277 183 444 (21)20 (317)(1)70 (127)5,528 159 
Structured securities(4)Structured securities(4)830 10 557 (1)(106)(418)874 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:
Foreign governmentForeign government24 (2)22 Foreign government19 (2)17 
Corporate securities(4)624 (6)(22)(24)578 
Structured securities(5)99 19 (9)(1)110 
Corporate securities(3)Corporate securities(3)538 15 (9)549 13 
Structured securities(4)Structured securities(4)219 (1)36 (11)(129)114 (1)
Equity securitiesEquity securitiesEquity securities
All other activityAll other activity107 (4)110 All other activity20 (20)
Other assets:Other assets:Other assets:
Fixed maturities, tradingFixed maturities, trading236 (1)(1)240 Fixed maturities, trading242 11 22 (6)(2)269 11 
Equity securitiesEquity securities594 67 15 (3)(4)(1)673 66 Equity securities728 19 33 (59)(6)(1)36 (35)715 16 
Other invested assetsOther invested assets658 101 782 Other invested assets378 24 (14)393 
Short-term investmentsShort-term investments44 (1)145 (5)183 Short-term investments396 197 (153)(1)445 
Cash equivalentsCash equivalentsCash equivalents(1)(3)(1)
Other assetsOther assets377 (64)19 332 (62)Other assets144 36 12 (2)190 33 
Separate account assets(6)(5)Separate account assets(6)(5)1,684 84 65 (5)(14)10 (23)1,801 87 Separate account assets(6)(5)1,306 165 81 (14)(6)(64)1,476 141 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Future policy benefitsFuture policy benefits(26,439)3,339 (331)91 (23,340)3,069 Future policy benefits(11,314)(1,946)(331)12 (13,579)(1,939)
Policyholders’ account balances(7)(6)Policyholders’ account balances(7)(6)(1,441)(34)(74)(1,549)(6)Policyholders’ account balances(7)(6)(2,171)(413)(106)(2,690)(363)
Other liabilitiesOther liabilitiesOther liabilities
Notes issued by consolidated VIEsNotes issued by consolidated VIEs(741)(34)(775)(34)Notes issued by consolidated VIEs

 Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
Realized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)Net investment incomeRealized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$$$$217 $$(12)$$$210 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading
Equity securities67 66 
Other invested assets
Short-term investments(1)
Cash equivalents
Other assets(64)(62)
Separate account assets(6)84 87 
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits3,339 3,069 
Policyholders’ account balances(34)(6)
Other liabilities
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs(34)(34)

 Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(2)
Realized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)Net investment incomeRealized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (losses)(7)
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$57 $$$136 $$38 $$$121 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities12 12 
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading11 11 
Equity securities19 16 
Other invested assets
Short-term investments
Cash equivalents(1)(1)
Other assets36 33 
Separate account assets(5)165 141 
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits(1,946)(1,939)
Policyholders’ account balances(413)(363)
Other liabilities
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs
51

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOther(1)Transfers into
Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOther(1)Transfers into
Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(2)
(in millions)(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. governmentU.S. government$105 $$27 $$$$$$$132 $U.S. government$150 $$$$$$$$$150 $
U.S. statesU.S. statesU.S. states
Foreign governmentForeign government22 (13)10 Foreign government11 (1)10 
Corporate securities(4)3,236 33 584 (126)(490)(22)2,136 (248)5,103 19 
Structured securities(5)948 484 (17)(444)156 160 (723)566 
Corporate securities(3)Corporate securities(3)5,335 (162)687 (21)20 (494)289 (127)5,528 (203)
Structured securities(4)Structured securities(4)543 29 776 (1)(180)14 311 (618)874 12 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:
Foreign governmentForeign government24 (2)22 Foreign government19 (2)17 
Corporate securities(4)637 (22)(9)(71)(22)92 (32)578 (25)
Structured securities(5)69 (1)174 (19)(114)110 
Corporate securities(3)Corporate securities(3)482 16 (28)71 549 (1)
Structured securities(4)Structured securities(4)114 (4)173 (22)(147)114 (4)
Equity securitiesEquity securitiesEquity securities
All other activityAll other activity114 (4)110 All other activity20 (20)
Other assets:Other assets:Other assets:
Fixed maturities, tradingFixed maturities, trading287 (16)21 (33)19 (47)240 (16)Fixed maturities, trading243 11 23 (8)(2)269 11 
Equity securitiesEquity securities633 43 (13)(4)(1)673 Equity securities660 57 91 (62)(9)(23)36 (35)715 51 
Other invested assetsOther invested assets567 182 (2)15 782 Other invested assets366 17 24 (14)393 17 
Short-term investmentsShort-term investments155 189 (115)(47)183 Short-term investments177 453 (163)(27)445 (1)
Cash equivalentsCash equivalents131 (130)Cash equivalents(1)(3)(1)
Other assetsOther assets113 164 55 332 165 Other assets268 (97)24 (5)190 (100)
Separate account assets(6)(5)Separate account assets(6)(5)1,717 58 169 (26)(47)43 (113)1,801 70 Separate account assets(6)(5)1,821 208 149 (27)(12)(615)30 (78)1,476 215 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Future policy benefitsFuture policy benefits(12,831)(9,630)(972)93 (23,340)(9,940)Future policy benefits(18,879)5,950 (662)12 (13,579)5,530 
Policyholders’ account balances(7)(6)Policyholders’ account balances(7)(6)(1,316)38 (271)(1,549)80 Policyholders’ account balances(7)(6)(1,914)(548)(228)(2,690)(462)
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities(105)105 105 Other liabilities
Notes issued by consolidated VIEsNotes issued by consolidated VIEs(800)25 (775)25 Notes issued by consolidated VIEs

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(2)
Realized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)Net investment incomeRealized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (losses)Realized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)Net investment incomeRealized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (losses)(7)
(in millions)(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-saleFixed maturities, available-for-sale$(112)$$$141 $$(118)$$$137 Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$29 $$$(164)$$(2)$$$(189)
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilitiesAssets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities(25)(22)Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities(5)
Other assets:Other assets:Other assets:
Fixed maturities, tradingFixed maturities, trading(17)(16)Fixed maturities, trading11 11 
Equity securitiesEquity securitiesEquity securities57 51 
Other invested assetsOther invested assetsOther invested assets15 15 
Short-term investmentsShort-term investmentsShort-term investments(1)
Cash equivalentsCash equivalentsCash equivalents(1)(1)
Other assetsOther assets164 165 Other assets(97)(100)
Separate account assets(6)(5)Separate account assets(6)(5)58 70 Separate account assets(6)(5)208 215 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Future policy benefitsFuture policy benefits(9,630)(9,940)Future policy benefits5,950 5,530 
Policyholders’ account balancesPolicyholders’ account balances38 80 Policyholders’ account balances(548)(462)
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities105 105 Other liabilities
Notes issued by consolidated VIEsNotes issued by consolidated VIEs25 25 Notes issued by consolidated VIEs
52

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
__________
(1)“Other,” forincludes additional activity not allocated to the periods ended September 30, 2021specific categories within the rollforward of Level 3 Assets and September 30, 2020, primarily representsLiabilities, such as the deconsolidation of VIEs, reclassifications of certain assets between reporting categories and foreign currency translation.
(2)Transfers out of level 3 for both three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021 included $274 million of corporate securities and $58 million of structured securities reclassified to “Assets held-for-sale”, and $4,295 million of Future Policy Benefits and $1,458 million ofincrease in Policyholders’ account balances reclassified to "Liabilities held-for-sale".for the period ended June 30, 2022, which is driven by the Company’s reinsurance of certain annuity products issued by the sold PALAC entity. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.
(3)(2)Unrealized gains or losses related to assets still held at the end of the period do not include amortization or accretion of premiums and discounts.
(4)(3)Includes U.S. corporate public, U.S. corporate private, foreign corporate public and foreign corporate private securities.
(5)(4)Includes asset-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and residential mortgage-backed securities.
(6)(5)Separate account assets represent segregated funds that are invested for certain customers. Investment risks associated with market value changes are borne by the customers, except to the extent of minimum guarantees made by the Company with respect to certain accounts. Separate account liabilities are not included in the above table as they are reported at contract value and not fair value in the Company’s Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
(7)(6)Issuances and settlements for Policyholders’ account balances are presented net in the rollforward.
(7)Effective January 1, 2020, the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period were added prospectively due to adoption of ASU 2018-13.

Derivative Fair Value Information
 
The following tables present the balances of certain derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as of the date indicated, by primary underlying risk.risks. These tables include NPR and exclude embedded derivatives and associated reinsurance recoverables. The derivative assets and liabilities shown below are included in “Other invested assets” or “Other liabilities” in the tables contained within the sections “—Assets and Liabilities by Hierarchy Level” and “—Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities,” above.
As of September 30, 2021 As of June 30, 2022
Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting(1)Total Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting(1)Total
(in millions) (in millions)
Derivative Assets:(2)Derivative Assets:(2)Derivative Assets:(2)
Interest RateInterest Rate$$11,831 $$$11,838 Interest Rate$103 $8,573 $$$8,677 
CurrencyCurrency990 990 Currency2,235 2,235 
CreditCredit168 168 Credit
Currency/Interest RateCurrency/Interest Rate1,758 1,758 Currency/Interest Rate4,620 4,620 
EquityEquity142 550 692 Equity2,391 2,394 
OtherOtherOther
Netting(1)Netting(1)(13,233)(13,233)Netting(1)(15,614)(15,614)
Total derivative assetsTotal derivative assets$148 $15,297 $$(13,233)$2,213 Total derivative assets$106 $17,825 $$(15,614)$2,318 
Derivative Liabilities:(2)Derivative Liabilities:(2)Derivative Liabilities:(2)
Interest RateInterest Rate$14 $15,205 $$$15,219 Interest Rate$67 $16,932 $$$17,000 
CurrencyCurrency1,162 1,162 Currency2,629 2,629 
CreditCreditCredit57 57 
Currency/Interest RateCurrency/Interest Rate525 525 Currency/Interest Rate560 560 
EquityEquity46 699 745 Equity27 1,987 2,014 
OtherOtherOther
Netting(1)Netting(1)(16,466)(16,466)Netting(1)(20,403)(20,403)
Total derivative liabilitiesTotal derivative liabilities$60 $17,591 $$(16,466)$1,185 Total derivative liabilities$94 $22,165 $$(20,403)$1,857 
53

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
As of December 31, 2020 As of December 31, 2021
Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting(1)Total Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting(1)Total
(in millions) (in millions)
Derivative Assets:(2)Derivative Assets:(2)Derivative Assets:(2)
Interest RateInterest Rate$99 $19,091 $$$19,190 Interest Rate$76 $12,086 $$$12,163 
CurrencyCurrency832 832 Currency1,108 1,108 
CreditCredit63 63 Credit128 128 
Currency/Interest RateCurrency/Interest Rate1,415 1,415 Currency/Interest Rate1,902 1,902 
EquityEquity128 1,645 1,773 Equity242 1,872 2,115 
OtherOtherOther
Netting(1)Netting(1)(21,367)(21,367)Netting(1)(14,150)(14,150)
Total derivative assetsTotal derivative assets$227 $23,046 $$(21,367)$1,906 Total derivative assets$318 $17,096 $$(14,150)$3,266 
Derivative Liabilities:(2)Derivative Liabilities:(2)Derivative Liabilities:(2)
Interest RateInterest Rate$$13,503 $$$13,508 Interest Rate$$14,777 $$$14,786 
CurrencyCurrency763 763 Currency1,316 1,316 
CreditCredit28 28 Credit
Currency/Interest RateCurrency/Interest Rate1,638 1,638 Currency/Interest Rate409 409 
EquityEquity25 2,305 2,330 Equity11 3,069 3,080 
OtherOtherOther
Netting(1)Netting(1)(17,475)(17,475)Netting(1)(17,314)(17,314)
Total derivative liabilitiesTotal derivative liabilities$30 $18,237 $$(17,475)$792 Total derivative liabilities$20 $19,572 $$(17,314)$2,278 
__________ 
(1)“Netting” amounts represent cash collateral and the impact of offsetting asset and liability positions held with the same counterparty, subject to master netting agreement.
(2)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” with fair value of $1,282$1,643 million as of December 31, 2021 and “Liabilities held-for-sale” with fair value of $1,309$1,503 million as of September 30,December 31, 2021. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.

Changes in Level 3 derivative assets and liabilities—The following tables provide a summary of the changes in fair value of Level 3 derivative assets and liabilities as of the dates indicated, as well as the portion of gains or losses included in income, attributable to unrealized gains or losses related to those assets and liabilities still held at the end of their respective periods.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)(1)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOtherTransfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(1)Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)(1)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOtherTransfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(1)
(in millions)(in millions)
Net Derivative - EquityNet Derivative - Equity$$$$$$$$$$$Net Derivative - Equity$$$$(2)$$$$$$$
Net Derivative - Interest RateNet Derivative - Interest Rate0Net Derivative - Interest Rate(1)0

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)(1)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOtherTransfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(1)
(in millions)
Net Derivative - Equity$$$$$$$$$$$
Net Derivative - Interest Rate1

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)(1)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOtherTransfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(1)
(in millions)
Net Derivative - Equity$$$$(2)$$$$$$$
Net Derivative - Interest Rate(1)
54

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)(1)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOtherTransfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(1)Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)(1)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOtherTransfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(1)
(in millions)(in millions)
Net Derivative - EquityNet Derivative - Equity$$$$$$$$$$$Net Derivative - Equity$$$$$$$$$$$
Net Derivative - Interest RateNet Derivative - Interest RateNet Derivative - Interest Rate1

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)(1)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOtherTransfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(1)Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)(1)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOtherTransfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(1)
(in millions)(in millions)
Net Derivative - EquityNet Derivative - Equity$$$$$$$$$$$Net Derivative - Equity$$$$$$$$$$$
Net Derivative - Interest RateNet Derivative - Interest RateNet Derivative - Interest Rate
______ 
(1)Total realized and unrealized gains (losses) as well as unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held at the end of the period are recorded in “Realized investment gains (losses), net.”net”.
(2)Transfers into or out of Level 3 are generally reported at the value as of the beginning of the quarter in which the transfers occur for any such positions still held at the end of the quarter.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements—The following tables represent information for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The fair value measurement is nonrecurring as these assets are measured at fair value only when there is a triggering event (e.g., an evidence of impairment). Assets included in the table are those that were impaired during the respective reporting periods and that are still held as of the reporting date. The estimated fair values for these amounts were determined using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).

Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20212020202120202022202120222021
(in millions)(in millions)
Realized investment gains (losses) net:Realized investment gains (losses) net:Realized investment gains (losses) net:
Commercial mortgage loans(1)$$$$
Mortgage servicing rights(2)(1)Mortgage servicing rights(2)(1)$$$(6)$(24)Mortgage servicing rights(2)(1)$(1)$(1)$$(5)
Investment real estateInvestment real estate$$$(9)$Investment real estate$(5)$$(6)$(9)
Investment in JV/LPInvestment in JV/LP$(75)$$(75)$

September 30, 2021December 31, 2020June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in millions)(in millions)
Carrying value after measurement as of period end:Carrying value after measurement as of period end:Carrying value after measurement as of period end:
Commercial mortgage loans(1)$$
Mortgage servicing rights(2)(1)Mortgage servicing rights(2)(1)$281 $307 Mortgage servicing rights(2)(1)$78 $75 
Investment real estateInvestment real estate$17 $31 Investment real estate$302 $326 
Investment in JV/LPInvestment in JV/LP$60 $
Goodwill(2)Goodwill(2)$$1,080 
__________ 
(1)Commercial mortgage loans are valued based on discounted cash flows utilizing market rates or the fair value of the underlying real estate collateral.
(2)Mortgage servicing rights are valued using a discounted cash flow model. The model incorporates assumptions for servicing revenues, which are adjusted for expected prepayments, delinquency rates, escrow deposit income and estimated loan servicing expenses. The discount rates incorporated into the model are determined based on the estimated returns a market participant would require for this business including a liquidity and risk premium. This estimate includes available relevant data from any active market sales of mortgage servicing rights.
(2)Based on the goodwill impairment test performed as of December 31, 2021, the Company recognized a goodwill impairment charge for Assurance IQ. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for more information on the valuation of Assurance IQ and the resulting impairment charge.

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

Fair Value Option
 
The fair value option allows the Company to elect fair value as an alternative measurement for selected financial assets and financial liabilities not otherwise reported at fair value. Such elections have been made by the Company to help mitigate volatility in earnings that result from different measurement attributes. Electing the fair value option also allows the Company to achieve consistent accounting for certain assets and liabilities. Changes in fair value are reflected in “Realized investment gains (losses), net” for commercial mortgage and other loans and “Other income (loss)” for other assets and notes issued by consolidated VIEs. Changes in fair value due to instrument-specific credit risk are estimated using changes in credit spreads and quality ratings for the period reported. Interest income on commercial mortgage and other loans is included in “Net investment income.” Interest income on these loans is recorded based on the effective interest rate as determined at the closing of the loan.
 
The following tables present information regarding assets and liabilities where the fair value option has been elected.

 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2021202020212020
 (in millions)
Liabilities:
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs:
Changes in fair value$$34 $$(25)
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
20212020202120202022202120222021
(in millions)(in millions)
Commercial mortgage and other loans:Commercial mortgage and other loans:Commercial mortgage and other loans:
Interest incomeInterest income$$$$10 Interest income$$$$
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs:
Interest expense$$10 $$32 

September 30, 2021December 31, 2020June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in millions)(in millions)
Commercial mortgage and other loans(1):Commercial mortgage and other loans(1):Commercial mortgage and other loans(1):
Fair value as of period endFair value as of period end$1,106 $1,092 Fair value as of period end$303 $1,263 
Aggregate contractual principal as of period endAggregate contractual principal as of period end$1,087 $1,073 Aggregate contractual principal as of period end$298 $1,253 
Other assets:Other assets:Other assets:
Fair value as of period endFair value as of period end$59 $10 Fair value as of period end$126 $59 
Notes issued by consolidated VIEs:
Fair value as of period end$$
Aggregate contractual principal as of period end$$
__________ 
(1)As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, for loans for which the fair value option has been elected, there were no loans in non-accrual status and none of the loans were more than 90 days past due and still accruing.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
The table below presents the carrying amount and fair value by fair value hierarchy level of certain financial instruments that are not reported at fair value. The financial instruments presented below are reported at carrying value on the Company’s Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. In some cases, as described below, the carrying amount equals or approximates fair value.
 
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
September 30, 2021(1) June 30, 2022
Fair ValueCarrying
Amount(2)
Fair ValueCarrying
Amount(2)
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalTotal Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalTotal
(in millions) (in millions)
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(3)Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(3)$$1,874 $82 $1,956 $1,644 Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(3)$$1,468 $$1,475 $1,280 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilitiesAssets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilitiesAssets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities
Commercial mortgage and other loansCommercial mortgage and other loans67 59,947 60,014 56,680 Commercial mortgage and other loans49 53,887 53,936 56,537 
Policy loansPolicy loans10,471 10,471 10,471 Policy loans10,020 10,024 10,024 
Other invested assetsOther invested assets81 81 81 Other invested assets
Short-term investmentsShort-term investments1,210 22 1,232 1,232 Short-term investments663 38 701 701 
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents8,344 71 8,415 8,415 Cash and cash equivalents7,538 122 7,660 7,660 
Accrued investment incomeAccrued investment income2,808 2,808 2,808 Accrued investment income2,798 2,798 2,798 
Other assetsOther assets49 3,056 27 3,132 3,131 Other assets55 2,624 494 3,173 3,172 
Total assetsTotal assets$9,610 $7,979 $70,527 $88,116 $84,469 Total assets$8,260 $7,099 $64,408 $79,767 $82,172 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Policyholders’ account balances—investment contractsPolicyholders’ account balances—investment contracts$$33,929 $39,872 $73,801 $72,542 Policyholders’ account balances—investment contracts$$31,238 $35,940 $67,178 $69,978 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchaseSecurities sold under agreements to repurchase9,899 9,899 9,899 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase8,006 8,006 8,006 
Cash collateral for loaned securitiesCash collateral for loaned securities4,382 4,382 4,382 Cash collateral for loaned securities5,741 5,741 5,741 
Short-term debtShort-term debt774 137 911 909 Short-term debt389 169 558 558 
Long-term debt(4)Long-term debt(4)611 20,649 978 22,238 18,687 Long-term debt(4)569 17,726 831 19,126 19,612 
Notes issued by consolidated VIEsNotes issued by consolidated VIEs282 282 282 Notes issued by consolidated VIEs232 232 232 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities8,996 54 9,050 9,050 Other liabilities6,718 27 6,745 6,745 
Separate account liabilities—investment contractsSeparate account liabilities—investment contracts28,837 23,803 52,640 52,640 Separate account liabilities—investment contracts28,704 26,920 55,624 55,624 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities$611 $107,466 $65,126 $173,203 $168,391 Total liabilities$569 $98,522 $64,119 $163,210 $166,496 
 
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
December 31, 2020 December 31, 2021(1)
Fair ValueCarrying
Amount(2)
Fair ValueCarrying
Amount(2)
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalTotal Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalTotal
(in millions) (in millions)
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(3)Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(3)$$2,209 $89 $2,298 $1,930 Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(3)$$1,794 $$1,803 $1,514 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilitiesAssets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities39 39 39 Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities10 10 
Commercial mortgage and other loansCommercial mortgage and other loans107 67,477 67,584 64,333 Commercial mortgage and other loans64 59,937 60,001 57,403 
Policy loansPolicy loans11,271 11,271 11,271 Policy loans10,386 10,386 10,386 
Other invested assetsOther invested assets153 153 153 Other invested assets81 81 81 
Short-term investmentsShort-term investments1,464 26 1,490 1,490 Short-term investments972 20 992 992 
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents7,951 268 8,219 8,219 Cash and cash equivalents7,108 521 7,629 7,629 
Accrued investment incomeAccrued investment income3,193 3,193 3,193 Accrued investment income2,855 2,855 2,855 
Other assetsOther assets154 2,917 449 3,520 3,517 Other assets47 2,677 39 2,763 2,762 
Total assetsTotal assets$9,608 $8,873 $79,286 $97,767 $94,145 Total assets$8,130 $8,019 $70,371 $86,520 $83,632 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Policyholders’ account balances—investment contractsPolicyholders’ account balances—investment contracts$$36,820 $73,653 $110,473 $107,526 Policyholders’ account balances—investment contracts$$33,550 $38,831 $72,381 $71,290 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchaseSecurities sold under agreements to repurchase10,894 10,894 10,894 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase10,185 10,185 10,185 
Cash collateral for loaned securitiesCash collateral for loaned securities3,499 3,499 3,499 Cash collateral for loaned securities4,251 4,251 4,251 
Short-term debtShort-term debt794 146 940 925 Short-term debt518 204 722 722 
Long-term debt(4)Long-term debt(4)644 21,685 1,139 23,468 19,718 Long-term debt(4)613 20,414 899 21,926 18,622 
Notes issued by consolidated VIEsNotes issued by consolidated VIEs305 305 305 Notes issued by consolidated VIEs274 274 274 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities7,626 48 7,674 7,674 Other liabilities7,053 53 7,106 7,106 
Separate account liabilities—investment contractsSeparate account liabilities—investment contracts86,046 23,631 109,677 109,677 Separate account liabilities—investment contracts28,567 24,847 53,414 53,414 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities$644 $167,364 $98,922 $266,930 $260,218 Total liabilities$613 $104,538 $65,108 $170,259 $165,864 
__________ 
(1)Excludes amounts for financial instruments reclassified to “Assets held-for-sale” of $7,564$6,936 million orand “Liabilities held-for-sale” of $99,768 million.$101,992 million as of December 31, 2021. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.
(2)Carrying values presented herein differ from those in the Company’s Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position because certain items within the respective financial statement captions are not considered financial instruments or are out of scope under authoritative guidance relating to disclosures of the fair value of financial instruments.
(3)Excludes notes with fair value of $5,727$4,500 million (carrying amount of $5,000$4,500 million) and $5,821$5,394 million (carrying amount of $4,998$4,750 million) as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively, which have been offset with the associated payables under a netting agreement.
(4)Includes notes with fair value of $11,421$10,791 million (carrying amount of $10,616$10,791 million) and $11,921$11,389 million (carrying amount of $10,964$10,691 million) as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively, which have been offset with the associated receivables under a netting agreement.

7. CLOSED BLOCK
 
On December 18, 2001, the date of demutualization, The Prudential Insurance Company of America (“PICA”) established a closed block for certain in-force participating insurance policies and annuity products, along with corresponding assets used for the payment of benefits and policyholders’ dividends on these products, (collectively the “Closed Block”), and ceased offering these participating products. The recorded assets and liabilities were allocated to the Closed Block at their historical carrying amounts. The Closed Block forms the principal component of the Closed Block division. For additional information on the Closed Block, see Note 15 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.
 
As of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, the Company recognized a policyholder dividend obligation of $3,908$3,734 million and $2,920$4,387 million, respectively, to Closed Block policyholders for the excess of actual cumulative earnings over expected cumulative earnings. Additionally, accumulated net unrealized investment gains (losses) that have arisen subsequent to the establishment of the Closed Block have been reflected as a policyholder dividend obligation of $3,820$(2,172) million and $5,867$3,640 million at SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively, to be paid to Closed Block policyholders unless offset by future experience, with a corresponding amount reported in AOCI.
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Closed Block liabilities and assets designated to the Closed Block, as well as maximum future earnings to be recognized from these liabilities and assets, are as follows:
September 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
(in millions) (in millions)
Closed Block liabilitiesClosed Block liabilitiesClosed Block liabilities
Future policy benefitsFuture policy benefits$45,797 $46,762 Future policy benefits$44,934 $45,596 
Policyholders’ dividends payablePolicyholders’ dividends payable641 635 Policyholders’ dividends payable602 616 
Policyholders’ dividend obligationPolicyholders’ dividend obligation7,728 8,787 Policyholders’ dividend obligation1,562 8,027 
Policyholders’ account balancesPolicyholders’ account balances4,769 4,874 Policyholders’ account balances4,664 4,737 
Other Closed Block liabilitiesOther Closed Block liabilities3,408 3,141 Other Closed Block liabilities2,958 3,107 
Total Closed Block liabilitiesTotal Closed Block liabilities62,343 64,199 Total Closed Block liabilities54,720 62,083 
Closed Block assetsClosed Block assetsClosed Block assets
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair valueFixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value38,147 41,959 Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value32,096 38,160 
Fixed maturities, trading, at fair valueFixed maturities, trading, at fair value1,189 277 Fixed maturities, trading, at fair value1,009 1,137 
Equity securities, at fair valueEquity securities, at fair value2,308 2,345 Equity securities, at fair value1,675 2,288 
Commercial mortgage and other loansCommercial mortgage and other loans8,227 8,421 Commercial mortgage and other loans7,956 8,241 
Policy loansPolicy loans3,872 4,064 Policy loans3,702 3,815 
Other invested assetsOther invested assets4,120 3,610 Other invested assets4,256 4,358 
Short-term investmentsShort-term investments339 124 Short-term investments174 557 
Total investmentsTotal investments58,202 60,800 Total investments50,868 58,556 
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents790 269 Cash and cash equivalents766 451 
Accrued investment incomeAccrued investment income426 431 Accrued investment income395 392 
Other Closed Block assetsOther Closed Block assets364 92 Other Closed Block assets170 137 
Total Closed Block assetsTotal Closed Block assets59,782 61,592 Total Closed Block assets52,199 59,536 
Excess of reported Closed Block liabilities over Closed Block assetsExcess of reported Closed Block liabilities over Closed Block assets2,561 2,607 Excess of reported Closed Block liabilities over Closed Block assets2,521 2,547 
Portion of above representing accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):Portion of above representing accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):Portion of above representing accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)Net unrealized investment gains (losses)3,716 5,810 Net unrealized investment gains (losses)(2,305)3,535 
Allocated to policyholder dividend obligationAllocated to policyholder dividend obligation(3,820)(5,867)Allocated to policyholder dividend obligation2,172 (3,640)
Future earnings to be recognized from Closed Block assets and Closed Block liabilitiesFuture earnings to be recognized from Closed Block assets and Closed Block liabilities$2,457 $2,550 Future earnings to be recognized from Closed Block assets and Closed Block liabilities$2,388 $2,442 

Information regarding the policyholder dividend obligation is as follows:
NineSix Months Ended
SeptemberJune 30, 20212022
 (in millions)
Balance, December 31, 20202021$8,7878,027 
Impact from earnings allocable to policyholder dividend obligation988 (653)
Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses) allocated to policyholder dividend obligation(2,047)(5,812)
Balance, SeptemberJune 30, 20212022$7,7281,562 

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Closed Block revenues and benefits and expenses are as follows for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021202020212020 2022202120222021
(in millions) (in millions)
RevenuesRevenuesRevenues
PremiumsPremiums$419 $459 $1,313 $1,457 Premiums$441 $463 $850 $894 
Net investment incomeNet investment income654 586 1,876 1,649 Net investment income523 632 1,079 1,222 
Realized investment gains (losses), netRealized investment gains (losses), net168 18 505 266 Realized investment gains (losses), net(60)265 40 337 
Other income (loss)Other income (loss)113 242 644 (43)Other income (loss)(373)255 (471)531 
Total Closed Block revenuesTotal Closed Block revenues1,354 1,305 4,338 3,329 Total Closed Block revenues531 1,615 1,498 2,984 
Benefits and ExpensesBenefits and ExpensesBenefits and Expenses
Policyholders’ benefitsPolicyholders’ benefits599 641 1,885 2,013 Policyholders’ benefits638 652 1,265 1,286 
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesInterest credited to policyholders’ account balances31 32 93 96 Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances30 31 60 62 
Dividends to policyholdersDividends to policyholders583 532 1,978 955 Dividends to policyholders(228)814 (17)1,395 
General and administrative expensesGeneral and administrative expenses78 81 236 248 General and administrative expenses75 79 148 158 
Total Closed Block benefits and expensesTotal Closed Block benefits and expenses1,291 1,286 4,192 3,312 Total Closed Block benefits and expenses515 1,576 1,456 2,901 
Closed Block revenues, net of Closed Block benefits and expenses, before income taxesClosed Block revenues, net of Closed Block benefits and expenses, before income taxes63 19 146 17 Closed Block revenues, net of Closed Block benefits and expenses, before income taxes16 39 42 83 
Income tax expense (benefit)Income tax expense (benefit)38 92 (30)Income tax expense (benefit)(10)25 (9)54 
Closed Block revenues, net of Closed Block benefits and expenses and income taxesClosed Block revenues, net of Closed Block benefits and expenses and income taxes$25 $15 $54 $47 Closed Block revenues, net of Closed Block benefits and expenses and income taxes$26 $14 $51 $29 
 
8. INCOME TAXES
 
The Company uses a full year projected effective tax rate approach to calculate year-to-date taxes. In determining the full year projected tax rate, the Company considers the realizability of deferred tax assets, including those associated with unrealized investment losses, and has determined based upon the weight of available evidence that no valuation allowance is necessary related to unrealized investment losses. In addition, certain items impacting total income tax expense are recorded in the periods in which they occur. The projected effective tax rate is the ratio of projected “Total income tax expense” divided by projected “Income before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures.” Taxes attributable to operating joint ventures are recorded within “Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures, net of taxes.” The interim period tax expense (or benefit) is the difference between the year-to-date income tax provision and the amounts reported for the previous interim periods of the fiscal year.

The Company’s income tax provision, on a consolidated basis, amounted to an income tax expensebenefit of $1,504$(58) million, or 18.8%9.3% of income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures, in the first ninesix months of 2021,2022, compared to an income tax expense of $7$1,245 million, or (0.6)%20.1%, in the first ninesix months of 2020.2021. The Company’s current and prior effective tax rates differ from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to non-taxable investment income, tax credits, foreign earnings taxed at higher rates than the U.S. statutory rate, and the items discussed below.

On March 27, 2020,Foreign Tax Credit Regulations.The Treasury Department and the CARES Act was enacted into law. One provisionIRS published Final Regulations in the Federal Register on January 4, 2022, which affect the creditability of certain foreign taxes for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Final Regulations create uncertainty as to whether a U.S. foreign tax credit may be claimed for taxes paid to Brazil. The ability to claim a foreign tax credit for taxes paid to Brazil impacts the benefit of the CARES Act amendedelection made pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 952 to subject earnings from the Tax CutsCompany’s insurance operations in Brazil to tax in the U.S. in the tax year earned, net of related foreign tax credits. Based on the Company’s analysis and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) and allowed companies with net operating losses (“NOLs”) originating in 2018, 2019 or 2020 to carry back those losses for five years. The Company incorporated intocurrent interpretation of the full year projected 2020 effective tax rate an incomeFinal Regulations, a $26 million tax benefit is reflected as part of $325 millionthe Company’s results for the first six months of 2022. The Final Regulations are complex and have broad application that resulted from carryingmay also impact the estimated 2020 NOL backcreditability of taxes paid to tax years that have a 35% tax rate. The projected tax benefit relatedother foreign jurisdictions, and their full impact to the NOL carryback was partially offset by an incremental Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) tax expense of $13 million driven by projected overall domestic losses (“ODLs”) which resulted in a reduced GILTI foreign tax credit. The first nine months of 2020 also include a $47 million reduction in income tax expense recorded as a discrete item from the carryback of 2018 NOL and related ODL.Company is still being evaluated.

GILTI High Tax Exclusion.On July 20, 2020, the U.S. Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service issued Final Regulations which allows an annual election to exclude from the U.S. tax return certain GILTI amounts when the taxes paid by a foreign affiliate exceed 18.9% (90% of U.S. statutory rate of 21%) of the GILTI amount for that foreign affiliate (the “high-tax exception”). These regulations are effective for the 2021 taxable year with an election to apply to any taxable year beginning after 2017. In many of the countries in which we operate,the Company operates, including Japan, there are differences between local tax rules used to determine the tax base and the U.S. tax principles used to determine GILTI. Also, ourthe Company’s Japan
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
affiliates have a different tax year than the U.S. calendar tax year used to determine GILTI. Therefore,GILTI; therefore, while many of the countries, including Japan, have a statutory tax rate above the 18.9% threshold, separate affiliates may not meet the 18.9% threshold each year and, as such, may not qualify for this annual exclusion. At this time, theThe Company anticipates making the high-tax exception election for the 2021 and 2022 tax yearyears and reflected the
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
impact of the election in its full year projected effective tax rate used to calculate year-to-date taxes for the first ninesix months of 2021.

The Treasury Department2021 and the IRS also issued Proposed Regulations on July 20, 2020 which would require that, if a high-tax exception election is made with respect to GILTI in any year, an election having the same effect must also be made with regard to income taxed under Subpart F of the Tax Code. Such an election under Subpart F of the Tax Code would apply to the Full Inclusion election made by the Company for its insurance operations in Brazil, thereby increasing the tax rate applied to our Brazil insurance operations. The Proposed Regulations will be effective for taxable years beginning after they are issued in final form.2022.

9. SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
 
Short-term Debt
 
The table below presents the Company’s short-term debt as of the dates indicated:
 
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
($ in millions) ($ in millions)
Commercial paper:Commercial paper:Commercial paper:
Prudential FinancialPrudential Financial$25 $25 Prudential Financial$25 $25 
Prudential Funding, LLCPrudential Funding, LLC347 355 Prudential Funding, LLC362 395 
Subtotal commercial paperSubtotal commercial paper372 380 Subtotal commercial paper387 420 
Current portion of long-term debt:Current portion of long-term debt:Current portion of long-term debt:
Senior Notes400 399 
Mortgage Debt130 128 
Mortgage debtMortgage debt158 197 
Surplus notes subject to set-off arrangements(1)Surplus notes subject to set-off arrangements(1)500 500 Surplus notes subject to set-off arrangements(1)500 500 
Subtotal current portion of long-term debtSubtotal current portion of long-term debt1,030 1,027 Subtotal current portion of long-term debt658 697 
Other(2)Other(2)18 Other(2)13 105 
SubtotalSubtotal1,409 1,425 Subtotal1,058 1,222 
Less: assets under set-off arrangements(1)Less: assets under set-off arrangements(1)500 500 Less: assets under set-off arrangements(1)500 500 
Total short-term debt(3)Total short-term debt(3)$909 $925 Total short-term debt(3)$558 $722 
Supplemental short-term debt information:Supplemental short-term debt information:Supplemental short-term debt information:
Portion of commercial paper borrowings due overnightPortion of commercial paper borrowings due overnight$105$75Portion of commercial paper borrowings due overnight$128$150
Daily average commercial paper outstanding for the quarter endedDaily average commercial paper outstanding for the quarter ended$1,258$1,602Daily average commercial paper outstanding for the quarter ended$1,067$1,414
Weighted average maturity of outstanding commercial paper, in daysWeighted average maturity of outstanding commercial paper, in days1218Weighted average maturity of outstanding commercial paper, in days916
Weighted average interest rate on outstanding commercial paperWeighted average interest rate on outstanding commercial paper0.06 %0.11 %Weighted average interest rate on outstanding commercial paper1.43 %0.08 %
_________
(1)The surplus notes have corresponding assets where rights to set-off exist, thereby reducing the amount of surplus notes.notes included in short-term debt.
(2)Includes $7$13 million and $18$7 million drawn on a revolving line of credit held by a subsidiary, and a $0 million and $98 million bridge loan at SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively.
(3)Includes Prudential Financial debt of $425 million and $424$25 million at Septemberboth June 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020, respectively.2021.

Prudential Financial and certain subsidiaries have access to external sources of liquidity, including membership in the Federal Home Loan Banks,Bank of New York, commercial paper programs and contingent financing facilities in the form of a put option agreement and facility agreement. The Company also maintains syndicated, unsecured committed credit facilities as an alternative source of liquidity. At SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, no amounts were drawn on these syndicated, unsecured committed credit facilities. For additional information on these sources of liquidity, see “Credit Facility Extension” below and Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

Long-term Debt

The table below presents the Company’s long-term debt as of the dates indicated:
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
 September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
 (in millions)
Fixed-rate obligations:
Surplus notes$344 $343 
Surplus notes subject to set-off arrangements(1)7,786 8,134 
Senior notes10,280 11,179 
Mortgage debt24 24 
Floating-rate obligations:
Line of credit300 300 
Surplus notes subject to set-off arrangements(1)2,330 2,330 
Mortgage debt(2)122 257 
Junior subordinated notes(3)7,617 7,615 
Subtotal28,803 30,182 
Less: assets under set-off arrangements(1)10,116 10,464 
Total long-term debt(4)$18,687 $19,718 
Long-term Debt

The table below presents the Company’s long-term debt as of the dates indicated:
 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
 (in millions)
Fixed-rate obligations:
Surplus notes$344 $344 
Surplus notes subject to set-off arrangements(1)7,961 7,861 
Senior notes10,287 10,282 
Mortgage debt25 24 
Floating-rate obligations:
Line of credit300 300 
Surplus notes subject to set-off arrangements(1)2,330 2,330 
Mortgage debt(2)52 54 
Junior subordinated notes(3)8,604 7,618 
Subtotal29,903 28,813 
Less: assets under set-off arrangements(1)10,291 10,191 
Total long-term debt(4)$19,612 $18,622 
 __________    
(1)The surplus notes have corresponding assets where rights to set-off exist, thereby reducing the amount of surplus notes included in long-term debt.
(2)Includes $30$28 million and $29 million of debt denominated in foreign currency at SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively.
(3)Includes Prudential Financial debt of $7,561$8,558 million and $7,554$7,564 million at SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively. Also includes subsidiary debt of $56$46 million and $60$54 million denominated in foreign currency at SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively.
(4)Includes Prudential Financial debt of $17,668$18,672 million and $18,561$17,673 million at SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively.

At SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants related to the borrowings in the table above.

Senior Debt RedemptionJunior Subordinated Notes

On August 30, 2021,In February 2022, the Company redeemed, at a make-whole redemption price, $700 millionissued $1 billion in aggregate principal amount of its 3.500% medium-term5.125% junior subordinated notes due 2024 (representing the entire principal amount) and $210 million of the outstanding $600 million principal amount of its 3.878% medium-term notes due 2028. In addition to the total principal redemption of $910 million, the Company made a make-whole payment of $91 million, which is reflected in “General and administrative expenses”.March 2052.

Credit Facility ExtensionMortgage Debt

On July 28, 2021,In January 2022, a new yen-denominated non-recourse mortgage loan program was established by the Company’s Gibraltar Life Insurance Company amended and restated its $4.0Ltd. subsidiary. The loan program has an authorized capacity of ¥20 billionfive-year credit facility that has both Prudential Financial and Prudential Funding as borrowers and a syndicate of financial institutions as lenders, extending the term of the facility to July 2026. Borrowings under the credit facility may be used for general corporate purposes, and the Company expects that it may borrow under the facility from time to time to fund its working capital needs and those of its subsidiaries. In addition, amounts under the credit facility may be drawn in the form of standby letters of credit that can be usedincreased to meet the operating needs¥46.7 billion and a term of the Company and its subsidiaries. The credit facility contains customary representations and warranties, covenants and events10 years that can be extended. As of default, and borrowings are not contingent on the borrowers’ credit ratings nor subject to material adverse change clauses. BorrowingsJune 30, 2022, $29 million (¥4 billion) in mortgage debt was outstanding under the facility are conditioned on the continued satisfaction of customary conditions, including the Company’s maintenance of consolidated net worth of at least $23.5 billion, which is calculated as U.S. GAAP equity, excluding AOCI, equity of noncontrolling interests and equity attributable to the Closed Block. The amended and restated facility also includes certain sustainability-linked pricing adjustments, by which the applicable interest rate margins and commitment fee may be decreased or increased if the Company achieves, or fails to achieve, certain specified targets relating to its reduction of domestic greenhouse gas emissions and its increase in diversity among its senior leaders.loan program.

10. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
 
Pension and Other Postretirement Plans
 
The Company has funded and non-funded non-contributory defined benefit pension plans (“Pension Benefits”), which cover substantially all of its employees. For some employees, benefits are based on final average earnings and length of service (the “traditional formula”), while benefits for other employees are based on an account balance that takes into consideration age, length of service and earnings during their career.
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
career (the “cash balance formula”).
 
The Company provides certain health care and life insurance benefits for its retired employees, their beneficiaries and covered dependents (“Other Postretirement Benefits”). The health care plan is contributory; the life insurance plan is non-contributory. Substantially all of the Company’s U.S. employees may become eligible to receive certain other postretirement benefits if they retire after age 55 with at least 10 years of service or under certain circumstances after age 50 with at least 20 years of continuous service.
 
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Net periodic (benefit) cost included in “General and administrative expenses” includes the following components:
 
Three Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended June 30,
Pension BenefitsOther Postretirement Benefits Pension BenefitsOther Postretirement Benefits
2021202020212020 2022202120222021
(in millions) (in millions)
Components of net periodic (benefit) cost:Components of net periodic (benefit) cost:Components of net periodic (benefit) cost:
Service costService cost$82 $80 $$Service cost$66 $82 $$
Interest costInterest cost91 108 12 15 Interest cost112 92 15 12 
Expected return on plan assetsExpected return on plan assets(206)(201)(26)(25)Expected return on plan assets(218)(207)(25)(25)
Amortization of prior service costAmortization of prior service cost(1)(1)Amortization of prior service cost(1)(2)
Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss, netAmortization of actuarial (gain) loss, net61 65 Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss, net36 61 
SettlementsSettlements(1)Settlements
Special termination benefits(1)
Curtailments(1)Curtailments(1)(8)
Special termination benefits(2)Special termination benefits(2)
Net periodic (benefit) costNet periodic (benefit) cost$28 $55 $(1)$Net periodic (benefit) cost$(1)$28 $(11)$(1)
Nine Months Ended September 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
Pension BenefitsOther Postretirement BenefitsPension BenefitsOther Postretirement Benefits
20212020202120202022202120222021
(in millions)(in millions)
Components of net periodic (benefit) cost:Components of net periodic (benefit) cost:Components of net periodic (benefit) cost:
Service costService cost$247 $241 $20 $18 Service cost$146 $165 $$13 
Interest costInterest cost273 323 36 47 Interest cost209 182 27 24 
Expected return on plan assetsExpected return on plan assets(618)(604)(76)(75)Expected return on plan assets(431)(412)(52)(50)
Amortization of prior service costAmortization of prior service cost(3)(3)Amortization of prior service cost(2)(4)
Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss, netAmortization of actuarial (gain) loss, net184 196 12 12 Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss, net87 123 
SettlementsSettlementsSettlements
Special termination benefits(1)
Curtailments(1)Curtailments(1)(8)
Special termination benefits(2)(3)Special termination benefits(2)(3)
Net periodic (benefit) costNet periodic (benefit) cost$87 $163 $(3)$Net periodic (benefit) cost$16 $59 $(23)$(2)
__________ 
(1)For 2022, curtailments are recognized as a result of the sale of the Full Service Retirement business for other postretirement benefit plans.
(2)For 2022, certain employees were provided special termination benefits under non-qualified plans in the form of unreduced early retirement benefits as a result of their involuntary termination while others were provided enhanced benefits due to the sale of the Full Service Retirement business.
(3)For 2021, and 2020, certain employees were provided special termination benefits under non-qualified plans in the form of unreduced early retirement benefits as a result of their involuntary termination or participation in the Voluntary Separation Program that was offered to eligible U.S.-based employees in 2019.

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
11. EQUITY
 
The changes in the number of shares of Common Stock issued, held in treasury and outstanding, are as follows for the periods indicated:
Common Stock Common Stock
IssuedHeld In
Treasury
Outstanding IssuedHeld In
Treasury
Outstanding
(in millions) (in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2020666.3 269.9 396.4 
Balance, December 31, 2021Balance, December 31, 2021666.3 290.0 376.3 
Common Stock issuedCommon Stock issued0.0 0.0 0.0 Common Stock issued0.0 0.0 0.0 
Common Stock acquiredCommon Stock acquired0.0 21.1 (21.1)Common Stock acquired0.0 6.9 (6.9)
Stock-based compensation programs(1)Stock-based compensation programs(1)0.0 (3.6)3.6 Stock-based compensation programs(1)0.0 (3.2)3.2 
Balance, September 30, 2021666.3 287.4 378.9 
Balance, June 30, 2022Balance, June 30, 2022666.3 293.7 372.6 
__________ 
(1)Represents net shares issued from treasury pursuant to the Company’s stock-based compensation programs.

In FebruaryNovember 2021, Prudential Financial’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized the Company to repurchase at management’s discretion up to $1.5 billion of its outstanding Common Stock during the period from January 1, 20212022 through December 31, 2021. In May 2021, the Board authorized a $500 million increase to this authorization, bringing the aggregate share repurchase authorization for 2022.calendar year 2021 to $2.0 billion. In July 2021, the Board further increased this authorization by an additional $500 million, bringing the aggregate share repurchase authorization for calendar year 2021 to $2.5 billion. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021, 21.12022, 6.9 million shares of the Company’s Common Stock were repurchased under this authorization at a total cost of $2,125$750 million.

The timing and amount of share repurchases are determined by management based upon market conditions and other considerations, and repurchases may be executed in the open market, through derivative, accelerated repurchase and other negotiated transactions and through prearranged trading plans complying with Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Numerous factors could affect the timing and amount of any future repurchases under the share repurchase authorization, including, but not limited to: compliance with laws, increased capital needs of the Company due to changes in regulatory capital requirements, opportunities for growth and acquisitions, and the effect of adverse market conditions.

Dividends declared per share of Common Stock are as follows for the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2021202020212020
Dividends declared per share of Common Stock$1.15 $1.10 $3.45 $3.30 
 Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 2022202120222021
Dividends declared per share of Common Stock$1.20 $1.15 $2.40 $2.30 

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
AOCI represents the cumulative OCI items that are reported separate from net income and detailed on the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The balance of and changes in each component of AOCI as of and for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, are as follows:

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to
Prudential Financial, Inc.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to
Prudential Financial, Inc.
Foreign Currency
Translation
Adjustment
Net Unrealized
Investment Gains
(Losses)(1)
Pension and
Postretirement
Unrecognized Net
Periodic Benefit
(Cost)
Total
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Foreign Currency
Translation
Adjustment
Net Unrealized
Investment Gains
(Losses)(1)
Pension and
Postretirement
Unrecognized Net
Periodic Benefit
(Cost)
Total
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
(in millions) (in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2020$52 $34,065 $(3,379)$30,738 
Balance, December 31, 2021Balance, December 31, 2021$(1,150)$24,987 $(2,513)$21,324 
Change in OCI before reclassificationsChange in OCI before reclassifications(816)(8,331)41 (9,106)Change in OCI before reclassifications(1,344)(39,913)367 (40,890)
Amounts reclassified from AOCIAmounts reclassified from AOCI(64)(2,184)198 (2,050)Amounts reclassified from AOCI403 86 498 
Income tax benefit (expense)Income tax benefit (expense)(63)2,374 (57)2,254 Income tax benefit (expense)(92)9,083 (101)8,890 
Balance, September 30, 2021$(891)$25,924 $(3,197)$21,836 
Balance, June 30, 2022Balance, June 30, 2022$(2,577)$(5,440)$(2,161)$(10,178)

 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to
Prudential Financial, Inc.
 Foreign Currency
Translation
Adjustment
Net Unrealized
Investment Gains
(Losses)(1)
Pension and
Postretirement
Unrecognized Net
Periodic Benefit
(Cost)
Total
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 (in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2019$(536)$28,112 $(3,537)$24,039 
Change in OCI before reclassifications69 7,939 8,016 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI46 (1,045)210 (789)
Income tax benefit (expense)73 (1,289)(49)(1,265)
Balance, September 30, 2020$(348)$33,717 $(3,368)$30,001 
__________
(1)Includes cash flow hedges of $867 million and $(168) million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and $1,407 million and $832 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and fair value hedges of $(29) million and $10 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and $(1) million and $0 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to
Prudential Financial, Inc.
 Foreign Currency
Translation
Adjustment
Net Unrealized
Investment Gains
(Losses)(1)
Pension and
Postretirement
Unrecognized Net
Periodic Benefit
(Cost)
Total
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 (in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2020$52 $34,065 $(3,379)$30,738 
Change in OCI before reclassifications(650)(7,033)38 (7,645)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(63)(1,742)132 (1,673)
Income tax benefit (expense)(63)1,961 (41)1,857 
Balance, June 30, 2021$(724)$27,251 $(3,250)$23,277 
__________
(1)Includes cash flow hedges of $2,446 million and $1,019 million as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and $261 million and $(168) million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and fair value hedges of $27 million and $(35) million as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and $(17) million and $10 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Affected line item in Consolidated Statements of Operations Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
Affected line item in Consolidated Statements of Operations
2021202020212020 2022202120222021
(in millions)  (in millions) 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(1)(2):Amounts reclassified from AOCI(1)(2):Amounts reclassified from AOCI(1)(2):
Foreign currency translation adjustment:Foreign currency translation adjustment:Foreign currency translation adjustment:
Foreign currency translation adjustmentsForeign currency translation adjustments$$(2)$$(7)Realized investment gains (losses), netForeign currency translation adjustments$$$(9)$Realized investment gains (losses), net
Foreign currency translation adjustmentsForeign currency translation adjustments(39)63 (39)Other income (loss)Foreign currency translation adjustments60 63 Other income (loss)
Total foreign currency translation adjustmentTotal foreign currency translation adjustment(41)64 (46)Total foreign currency translation adjustment60 (9)63 
Net unrealized investment gains (losses):Net unrealized investment gains (losses):Net unrealized investment gains (losses):
Cash flow hedges—Interest rateCash flow hedges—Interest rate(7)19 27 (3)Cash flow hedges—Interest rate(1)(5)14 (3)
Cash flow hedges—CurrencyCash flow hedges—Currency(1)(4)(3)Cash flow hedges—Currency(2)(3)(3)
Cash flow hedges—Currency/Interest rateCash flow hedges—Currency/Interest rate230 (77)435 343 (3)Cash flow hedges—Currency/Interest rate503 57 657 205 (3)
Fair value hedges—CurrencyFair value hedges—Currency(1)(4)(3)Fair value hedges—Currency(1)(2)(3)(3)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) on available-for-sale securitiesNet unrealized investment gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities221 401 1,750 671 Realized investment gains (losses), netNet unrealized investment gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities(646)313 (1,057)1,529 Realized investment gains (losses), net
Total net unrealized investment gains (losses)Total net unrealized investment gains (losses)442 343 2,184 1,045 (4)Total net unrealized investment gains (losses)(141)376 (403)1,742 (4)
Amortization of defined benefit pension items:
Amortization of defined benefit items:Amortization of defined benefit items:
Prior service costPrior service cost(1)(1)(2)(2)(5)Prior service cost(1)(5)
Actuarial gain (loss)Actuarial gain (loss)(65)(69)(196)(208)(5)Actuarial gain (loss)(38)(65)(90)(131)(5)
Total amortization of defined benefit pension items(66)(70)(198)(210)
Total amortization of defined benefit itemsTotal amortization of defined benefit items(36)(65)(86)(132)
Total reclassifications for the periodTotal reclassifications for the period$377 $232 $2,050 $789 Total reclassifications for the period$(176)$371 $(498)$1,673 
__________
(1)All amounts are shown before tax.
(2)Positive amounts indicate gains/benefits reclassified out of AOCI. Negative amounts indicate losses/costs reclassified out of AOCI.
(3)See Note 5 for additional information on cash flow and fair value hedges.
(4)See table below for additional information on unrealized investment gains (losses), including the impact on deferred policy acquisition and other costs, future policy benefits and policyholders’ dividends.
(5)See Note 10 for information on employee benefit plans.
 
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)
 
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities and certain other invested assets and other assets are included in the Company’s Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as a component of AOCI. Changes in these amounts include reclassification adjustments to exclude from “Other comprehensive income (loss)” those items that are included as part of “Net income (loss)” for a period that had been part of “Other comprehensive income (loss)” in earlier periods. The amounts for the periods indicated below, split between amounts related to net unrealized investment gains (losses) on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities on which an allowance for credit losses has been recognized,recorded, and all other net unrealized investment gains (losses), are as follows:

Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Fixed Maturity Securities on Which an Allowance for Credit Losses has been RecordedNet Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on All Other Investments(1)
DAC, DSI, VOBA and Reinsurance RecoverablesFuture Policy
Benefits,
Policyholders’
Account
Balances and
Reinsurance Payables
Policyholders’
Dividends
Income Tax Benefit (Expense)Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Related to Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)
 (in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2021$23 $40,444 $(543)$(3,271)$(3,657)$(8,009)$24,987 
Net investment gains (losses) on investments arising during the period(48)(50,603)11,498 (39,153)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income13 390 (91)312 
Reclassification due to allowance for credit losses recorded during the period
Impact of net unrealized investment (gains) losses204 4,713 5,821 (2,324)8,414 
Balance, June 30, 2022$(12)$(9,769)$(339)$1,442 $2,164 $1,074 $(5,440)
__________
(1) Includes cash flow and fair value hedges. See Note 5 for additional information.


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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Fixed Maturity Securities on Which an Allowance for Credit Losses has been RecognizedNet Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on All Other Investments(1)
DAC, DSI, VOBA and Reinsurance RecoverablesFuture Policy
Benefits,
Policyholders’
Account
Balances and
Reinsurance Payables
Policyholders’
Dividends
Income Tax Benefit (Expense)Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Related to Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)
 (in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2020$(25)$58,442 $(1,229)$(6,588)$(5,892)$(10,643)$34,065 
Net investment gains (losses) on investments arising during the period36 (14,373)3,157 (11,180)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income11 (2,195)481 (1,703)
Reclassification due to allowance for credit losses recorded during the period
Impact of net unrealized investment (gains) losses573 3,381 2,052 (1,264)4,742 
Balance, September 30, 2021$22 $41,874 $(656)$(3,207)$(3,840)$(8,269)$25,924 
__________
(1)Includes cash flow and fair value hedges. See Note 5 for information on cash flow and fair value hedges.

12. EARNINGS PER SHARE
 
A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted per share computations of Common Stock based on the consolidated earnings of Prudential Financial for the periods indicated is as follows:
 Three Months Ended September 30,
 20212020
 IncomeWeighted
Average
Shares
Per Share
Amount
IncomeWeighted
Average
Shares
Per Share
Amount
 (in millions, except per share amounts)
Basic earnings per share
Net income (loss)$1,565 $1,507 
Less: Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests35 20 
Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating unvested share-based payment awards24 18 
Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial available to holders of Common Stock$1,506 383.8 $3.92 $1,469 395.3 $3.72 
Effect of dilutive securities and compensation programs
Add: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating unvested share-based payment awards—Basic$24 $18 
Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating unvested share-based payment awards—Diluted23 18 
Stock options0.8 0.3 
Deferred and long-term compensation programs2.2 1.5 
Diluted earnings per share
Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial available to holders of Common Stock$1,507 386.8 $3.90 $1,469 397.1 $3.70 
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended June 30,
20212020 20222021
IncomeWeighted
Average
Shares
Per Share
Amount
IncomeWeighted
Average
Shares
Per Share
Amount
IncomeWeighted
Average
Shares
Per Share
Amount
IncomeWeighted
Average
Shares
Per Share
Amount
(in millions, except per share amounts) (in millions, except per share amounts)
Basic earnings per shareBasic earnings per shareBasic earnings per share
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$6,552 $(1,168)Net income (loss)$(572)$2,183 
Less: Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interestsLess: Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests36 25 Less: Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests(7)25 
Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating unvested share-based payment awardsLess: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating unvested share-based payment awards99 16 Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating unvested share-based payment awards31 
Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial available to holders of Common StockNet income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial available to holders of Common Stock$6,417 390.4 $16.44 $(1,209)395.6 $(3.06)Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial available to holders of Common Stock$(571)374.4 $(1.53)$2,127 391.1 $5.44 
Effect of dilutive securities and compensation programsEffect of dilutive securities and compensation programsEffect of dilutive securities and compensation programs
Add: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating unvested share-based payment awards—BasicAdd: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating unvested share-based payment awards—Basic$99 $16 Add: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating unvested share-based payment awards—Basic$$31 
Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating unvested share-based payment awards—DilutedLess: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating unvested share-based payment awards—Diluted98 16 Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating unvested share-based payment awards—Diluted31 
Stock optionsStock options0.7 0.0 Stock options0.0 0.9 
Deferred and long-term compensation programsDeferred and long-term compensation programs2.1 0.0 Deferred and long-term compensation programs0.0 2.1 
Diluted earnings per share(1)Diluted earnings per share(1)Diluted earnings per share(1)
Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial available to holders of Common StockNet income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial available to holders of Common Stock$6,418 393.2 $16.32 $(1,209)395.6 $(3.06)Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial available to holders of Common Stock$(571)374.4 $(1.53)$2,127 394.1 $5.40 
__________ 
(1)For the ninethree months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2022, weighted average shares for basic earnings per share is also used for calculating diluted earnings per share because dilutive shares and dilutive earnings per share are not applicable when a net loss is reported. As a result of the net loss attributable to Prudential Financial available to holders of Common Stock for the ninethree months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020,2022, all potential stock options and compensation programs were considered antidilutive.
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 20222021
 IncomeWeighted
Average
Shares
Per Share
Amount
IncomeWeighted
Average
Shares
Per Share
Amount
 (in millions, except per share amounts)
Basic earnings per share
Net income (loss)$(616)$4,987 
Less: Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests(20)
Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating unvested share-based payment awards13 75 
Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial available to holders of Common Stock$(609)375.3 $(1.62)$4,911 393.7 $12.47 
Effect of dilutive securities and compensation programs
Add: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating unvested share-based payment awards—Basic$13 $75 
Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating unvested share-based payment awards—Diluted13 75 
Stock options0.0 0.7 
Deferred and long-term compensation programs0.0 2.0 
Diluted earnings per share(1)
Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial available to holders of Common Stock$(609)375.3 $(1.62)$4,911 396.4 $12.39 
__________ 
(1)For the six months ended June 30, 2022, weighted average shares for basic earnings per share is also used for calculating diluted earnings per share because dilutive shares and dilutive earnings per share are not applicable when a net loss is reported. As a result of the net loss attributable to Prudential Financial available to holders of Common Stock for the three months ended June 30, 2022, all potential stock options and compensation programs were considered antidilutive.

Unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends are participating securities and included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. Under this method, earnings attributable to Prudential Financial are allocated between Common Stock and the participating awards, as if the awards were a second class of stock. During periods of net income available to holders of Common Stock, the calculation of earnings per share excludes the income attributable to participating securities in the numerator and the dilutive impact of these securities from the denominator. In the event of a net loss available to holders of Common Stock, undistributed earnings are not allocated to participating securities and the denominator excludes the dilutive impact of these securities as they do not share in the losses of the Company. Undistributed earnings allocated to participating unvested share-based payment awards for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, as applicable, were based on 5.74.9 million and 4.95.9 million of such awards, respectively, and for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, as applicable, were based on 5.95.0 million and 5.05.9 million of such awards, respectively, weighted for the period they were outstanding.
 
Stock options and shares related to deferred and long-term compensation programs that are considered antidilutive are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share. Stock options are considered antidilutive based on application of the treasury stock method or in the event of a net loss available to holders of Common Stock. Shares related to deferred and long-term compensation programs are considered antidilutive in the event of a net loss available to holders of Common Stock. For the periods indicated, the number of stock options and shares related to deferred and long-term compensation programs that were considered antidilutive and were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share, weighted for the portion of the period they were outstanding, are as follows:

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Three Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended June 30,
20212020 20222021
SharesExercise Price
Per Share
SharesExercise Price
Per Share
SharesExercise Price
Per Share
SharesExercise Price
Per Share
(in millions, except per share amounts, based on weighted average) (in millions, except per share amounts, based on weighted average)
Antidilutive stock options based on application of the treasury stock methodAntidilutive stock options based on application of the treasury stock method0.9 $106.99 3.2 $84.17 Antidilutive stock options based on application of the treasury stock method0.7 $108.67 0.9 $106.87 
Antidilutive stock options due to net loss available to holders of Common StockAntidilutive stock options due to net loss available to holders of Common Stock0.0 0.0 Antidilutive stock options due to net loss available to holders of Common Stock0.4 0.0 
Antidilutive shares based on application of the treasury stock methodAntidilutive shares based on application of the treasury stock method0.0 0.2 Antidilutive shares based on application of the treasury stock method0.2 0.0 
Antidilutive shares due to net loss available to holders of Common StockAntidilutive shares due to net loss available to holders of Common Stock0.0 0.0 Antidilutive shares due to net loss available to holders of Common Stock2.3 0.0 
Total antidilutive stock options and sharesTotal antidilutive stock options and shares0.9 3.4 Total antidilutive stock options and shares3.6 0.9 

Nine Months Ended September 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
20212020 20222021
SharesExercise Price
Per Share
SharesExercise Price
Per Share
SharesExercise Price
Per Share
SharesExercise Price
Per Share
(in millions, except per share amounts, based on weighted average) (in millions, except per share amounts, based on weighted average)
Antidilutive stock options based on application of the treasury stock methodAntidilutive stock options based on application of the treasury stock method1.3 $101.78 3.4 $80.64 Antidilutive stock options based on application of the treasury stock method0.3 $108.67 1.5 $100.25 
Antidilutive stock options due to net loss available to holders of Common StockAntidilutive stock options due to net loss available to holders of Common Stock0.0 0.4 Antidilutive stock options due to net loss available to holders of Common Stock0.6 0.0 
Antidilutive shares based on application of the treasury stock methodAntidilutive shares based on application of the treasury stock method0.0 0.2 Antidilutive shares based on application of the treasury stock method0.2 0.0 
Antidilutive shares due to net loss available to holders of Common StockAntidilutive shares due to net loss available to holders of Common Stock0.0 1.6 Antidilutive shares due to net loss available to holders of Common Stock2.2 0.0 
Total antidilutive stock options and sharesTotal antidilutive stock options and shares1.3 5.6 Total antidilutive stock options and shares3.3 1.5 

13. SEGMENT INFORMATION
 
Segments
 
TheIn October 2021, we announced the creation of Retirement Strategies, a new U.S. business that would serve the retirement needs of both our institutional and individual customers by bringing the institutional investment and pension solutions offered through our Retirement business together with the financial solutions and capabilities of our Individual Annuities business. As of the second quarter of 2022, this new structure has been fully operationalized; therefore, the results of our former Retirement segment (now known as the “Institutional Retirement Strategies” operating segment) and our former Individual Annuities segment (now known as the “Individual Retirement Strategies” operating segment) have been aggregated into the Retirement Strategies segment. Prior periods have been updated to conform to this new presentation.

Consequently, the Company’s principal operations now consist of PGIM (the Company’s global investment management business), the U.S. Businesses (consisting of the Retirement Strategies, Group Insurance, Individual Annuities, Individual Life and Assurance IQ businesses), the International Businesses, the Closed Block division, and the Company’s Corporate and Other operations. The Closed Block division is accounted for as a divested business that is reported separately from the Divested and Run-off Businesses that are included in Corporate and Other operations. Divested and Run-off Businesses consist of businesses that have been, or will be, sold or exited, including businesses that have been placed in wind-down status that do not qualify for “discontinued operations” accounting treatment under U.S. GAAP. The Company’s Corporate and Other operations include corporate items and initiatives that are not allocated to business segments as well as the Divested and Run-off Businesses described above.

Adjusted Operating Income
 
The Company analyzes the operating performance of each segment using “adjusted operating income.” Adjusted operating income does not equate to “Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures” or “Net income (loss)” as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP but is the measure of segment profit or loss used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources, and consistent with authoritative guidance, is the measure of segment performance presented below. Adjusted operating income is calculated by
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
adjusting each segment’s “Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures” for the following items:

Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments;
Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net;
Market experience updates;
Divested and Run-off Businesses;
Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests; and
Other adjustments.
 
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
These items are important to an understanding of overall results of operations. Adjusted operating income is not a substitute for income determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and the Company’s definition of adjusted operating income may differ from that used by other companies. The Company, however, believes that the presentation of adjusted operating income as measured for management purposes enhances the understanding of results of operations by highlighting the results from ongoing operations and the underlying profitability factors of its businesses. For additional information on these reconciling items, see Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company has historically reflected the results of its variable annuities hedging programs2021.

As discussed in adjusted operating income over time. Beginning withNote 1, during the second quarter of 2020, these impacts are excluded2022, the Company recorded out of period adjustments within the Individual Life business resulting in an aggregate net benefit of $125 million to “Income (loss) from adjustedcontinuing operations before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures” for the second quarter of 2022. These adjustments resulted in an aggregate $310 million benefit to the Company’s pre-tax adjusted operating income whichfor the Company believes enhancessecond quarter of 2022, reflected within the understanding of underlying performance trends.Individual Life segment.

Reconciliation of adjusted operating income to net income (loss)

The table below reconciles “Adjusted operating income before income taxes” to “Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures”:
 
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 20212020(1)2021(1)2020(1)
(in millions)
Adjusted operating income before income taxes by segment:
PGIM$327 $370 $1,293 $858 
U.S. Businesses:
Retirement571 347 1,635 860 
Group Insurance(135)22 (250)71 
Individual Annuities(2)499 408 1,415 1,030 
Individual Life210 101 312 17 
Assurance IQ(55)(30)(132)(69)
Total U.S. Businesses1,090 848 2,980 1,909 
International Businesses887 775 2,561 2,162 
Corporate and Other(460)(493)(1,118)(1,446)
Total segment adjusted operating income before income taxes1,844 1,500 5,716 3,483 
Reconciling items:
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments116 236 1,765 (2,758)
Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(18)(69)(254)(353)
Market experience updates(199)(134)330 (1,016)
Divested and Run-off Businesses:
Closed Block division27 92 (15)
Other Divested and Run-off Businesses48 (83)432 (567)
Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests(3)(53)(62)
Other adjustments(3)(9)(12)(35)65 
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures per Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements$1,806 $1,447 $7,993 $(1,223)
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 20222021(1)20222021(1)
(in millions)
Adjusted operating income before income taxes by segment:
PGIM$206 $315 $394 $966 
U.S. Businesses:
Institutional Retirement Strategies398 450 966 1,064 
Individual Retirement Strategies1,305 472 1,777 916 
Retirement Strategies(2)1,703 922 2,743 1,980 
Group Insurance53 17 (58)(115)
Individual Life(1,325)146 (1,274)102 
Assurance IQ(61)(38)(98)(77)
Total U.S. Businesses370 1,047 1,313 1,890 
International Businesses555 803 1,356 1,674 
Corporate and Other(259)(336)(625)(658)
Total segment adjusted operating income before income taxes872 1,829 2,438 3,872 
Reconciling items:
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(2,134)355 (3,155)1,649 
Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(216)(555)(236)
Market experience updates531 225 525 529 
Divested and Run-off Businesses:
Closed Block division13 31 36 65 
Other Divested and Run-off Businesses402 339 103 384 
Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests21 (1)(50)
Other adjustments(3)(13)(17)(26)
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures per Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements$(511)$2,773 $(626)$6,187 
________
(1)Effective second quarter of 2020, the results of POK and the impact of its sale are excluded from the International Businesses and are included in the Divested and Run-off Businesses in Corporate and Other. Effective third quarter of 2020, the results of POT and the impact of its sale are excluded from the International Businesses and are included in the Divested and Run-off Businesses in Corporate and Other. Effective third quarter of 2021, the results of the Full Service Retirement business arewere excluded from the Retirement Strategies segment and are included in the Divested and Run-off Businesses in Corporate and Other. Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation. See Note 1 for additional information about these dispositions. regarding this disposition.
(2)Individual Annuities segmentThe Retirement Strategies segment’s results reflect DAC as if the Individual Annuities business is a stand-alone operation. The elimination of intersegment costs capitalized in accordance with this policy is included in consolidating adjustments within Corporate and Other operations.
(3)Includes certain components of consideration for business acquisitions, which are recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service periods, as well as changes in the fair value of associated contingent consideration. See Note 14 for additional information.
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

Reconciliation of select financial information

The tables below present certain financial information for the Company’s segments and its Corporate and Other operations, including assets by segment and revenues by segment on an adjusted operating income basis, and the reconciliation of the segment totals to amounts reported in the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. 
September 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
(in millions)
Assets by segment:
PGIM$51,860 $48,680 
U.S. Businesses:
Retirement(1)116,568 115,237 
Group Insurance43,792 45,601 
Individual Annuities(2)196,571 200,718 
Individual Life115,419 110,953 
Assurance IQ2,747 2,703 
Total U.S. Businesses475,097 475,212 
International Businesses223,812 231,128 
Corporate and Other(1)(2)121,591 123,613 
Closed Block division60,222 62,089 
Total assets per Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements$932,582 $940,722 
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
(in millions)
Assets by segment:
PGIM$49,488 $53,566 
U.S. Businesses:
Institutional Retirement Strategies100,135 114,016 
Individual Retirement Strategies132,797 201,273 
Retirement Strategies(1)232,932 315,289 
Group Insurance39,024 43,286 
Individual Life102,148 118,237 
Assurance IQ1,613 1,788 
Total U.S. Businesses375,717 478,600 
International Businesses189,633 222,736 
Corporate and Other(1)28,164 122,701 
Closed Block division52,597 59,979 
Total assets per Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements$695,599 $937,582 
________
(1)Effective second quarterCertain assets were classified as “held-for-sale” as of 2020, the resultsDecember 31, 2021. See Note 1 for additional information.

Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 20222021(1)20222021(1)
(in millions)
Revenues on an adjusted operating income basis:
PGIM$829 $1,009 $1,755 $2,323 
U.S. Businesses:
Institutional Retirement Strategies2,794 2,170 5,437 4,272 
Individual Retirement Strategies1,984 1,228 3,191 2,427 
Retirement Strategies(1)4,778 3,398 8,628 6,699 
Group Insurance1,496 1,518 3,040 3,074 
Individual Life2,008 1,616 3,765 3,251 
Assurance IQ79 113 186 221 
Total U.S. Businesses8,361 6,645 15,619 13,245 
International Businesses4,736 5,093 10,462 11,024 
Corporate and Other(152)(129)(405)(218)
Total revenues on an adjusted operating income basis13,774 12,618 27,431 26,374 
Reconciling items:
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(2,241)420 (3,302)1,892 
Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(57)(43)(135)(119)
Market experience updates272 113 348 214 
Divested and Run-off Businesses:
Closed Block division529 1,613 1,494 2,978 
Other Divested and Run-off Businesses701 1,217 367 1,579 
Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests43 (21)33 (49)
Total revenues per Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements$13,021 $15,917 $26,236 $32,869 
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Table of POK and the impact of its sale are excluded from the International Businesses and are included in the Divested and Run-off Businesses in Corporate and Other. Effective third quarter of 2020, the results of POT and the impact of its sale are excluded from the International Businesses and are included in the Divested and Run-off Businesses in Corporate and Other. Contents
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
__________
(1)Effective third quarter of 2021, the results of the Full Service Retirement business arewere excluded from the Retirement Strategies segment and are included in the Divested and Run-off Businesses in Corporate and Other. Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation. See Note 1 for additional information about these dispositions.
(2)Certain assets are classified as “held-for-sale” as of September 30, 2021. See Note 1 for additional information about the pending dispositions.


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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 20212020(1)2021(1)2020(1)
(in millions)
Revenues on an adjusted operating income basis:
PGIM$1,072 $1,066 $3,395 $2,801 
U.S. Businesses:
Retirement8,386 2,193 12,658 6,647 
Group Insurance1,553 1,457 4,627 4,352 
Individual Annuities1,260 1,148 3,687 3,249 
Individual Life1,839 1,609 5,090 4,702 
Assurance IQ110 75 331 194 
Total U.S. Businesses13,148 6,482 26,393 19,144 
International Businesses5,618 5,481 16,642 16,201 
Corporate and Other(175)(162)(393)(459)
Total revenues on an adjusted operating income basis19,663 12,867 46,037 37,687 
Reconciling items:
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments178 312 2,070 (2,855)
Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(59)(40)(178)(121)
Market experience updates(56)(58)158 (406)
Divested and Run-off Businesses:
Closed Block division1,321 1,301 4,299 3,318 
Other Divested and Run-off Businesses617 1,060 2,196 3,362 
Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests(23)(17)(72)(86)
Other adjustments(2)105 
Total revenues per Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements$21,641 $15,425 $54,510 $41,004 
__________
(1)Effective second quarter of 2020, the results of POK and the impact of its sale are excluded from the International Businesses and are included in the Divested and Run-off Businesses in Corporate and Other. Effective third quarter of 2020, the results of POT and the impact of its sale are excluded from the International Businesses and are included in the Divested and Run-off Businesses in Corporate and Other. Effective third quarter of 2021, the results of the Full Service Retirement business are excluded from the Retirement segment and are included in the Divested and Run-off Businesses in Corporate and Other. Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation. See Note 1 for additional information about these dispositions.
(2)Includes certain components of consideration for business acquisitions, which are recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service periods, as well as changes in the fair value of associated contingent consideration. See Note 14 for additional information. regarding this disposition.

Intersegment revenues

Management has determined the intersegment revenues with reference to market rates. Intersegment revenues are eliminated in consolidation in Corporate and Other operations. The PGIM segment revenues include intersegment revenues, primarily consisting of asset-based management and administration fees, as follows: 
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2021202020212020
 (in millions)
PGIM segment intersegment revenues$248 $215 $697 $640 
 Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 2022202120222021
 (in millions)
PGIM segment intersegment revenues$201 $226 $433 $449 
 
Segments may also enter into internal derivative contracts with other segments. For adjusted operating income, each segment accounts for the internal derivative results consistent with the manner in which that segment accounts for other similar external derivatives.

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Asset management and service fees

The table below presents asset management and service fees, predominantly related to investment management activities, for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20212020202120202022202120222021
(in millions) (in millions)
Asset-based management feesAsset-based management fees$1,047 $930 $3,058 $2,644 Asset-based management fees$841 $1,017 $1,822 $2,012 
Performance-based incentive feesPerformance-based incentive fees19 43 70 73 Performance-based incentive fees23 10 50 
Other feesOther fees163 147 475 427 Other fees140 158 288 312 
Total asset management and service feesTotal asset management and service fees$1,229 $1,120 $3,603 $3,144 Total asset management and service fees$987 $1,198 $2,120 $2,374 

14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
 
Commitments and Guarantees
 
Commercial Mortgage Loan Commitments
September 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
(in millions) (in millions)
Total outstanding mortgage loan commitments(1)Total outstanding mortgage loan commitments(1)$3,046 $2,357 Total outstanding mortgage loan commitments(1)$2,493 $2,300 
Portion of commitment where prearrangement to sell to investor existsPortion of commitment where prearrangement to sell to investor exists$1,122 $882 Portion of commitment where prearrangement to sell to investor exists$1,071 $1,102 
__________ 
(1)Includes commitments of $374$21 million related to held-for-sale operations as of September 30,December 31, 2021. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.
 
In connection with the Company’s commercial mortgage operations, it originates commercial mortgage loans. Commitments for loans that will be held for sale are recognized as derivatives and recorded at fair value. In certain of these transactions, the Company pre-arrangesprearranges that it will sell the loan to an investor, including to government sponsored entities as discussed below, after the Company funds the loan. The above amount includes unfunded commitments that are not unconditionally cancellable. For related credit exposure, there was an allowance for credit losses of $1 million as of Septemberboth June 30, 20212022 and $0 million as of December 31, 2020.2021. The change in allowance is $0 million and a reduction of $1 million for both the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively, and $0 million and a reduction of $1 million for both the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively.

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
Commitments to Purchase Investments (excluding Commercial Mortgage Loans)
September 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
(in millions) (in millions)
Expected to be funded from the general account and other operations outside the separate accounts(1)Expected to be funded from the general account and other operations outside the separate accounts(1)$9,699 $9,567 Expected to be funded from the general account and other operations outside the separate accounts(1)$10,301 $10,347 
Expected to be funded from separate accounts(2)Expected to be funded from separate accounts(2)$341 $336 Expected to be funded from separate accounts(2)$296 $236 
__________ 
(1)Includes commitments of $724$118 million related to held-for-sale operations as of September 30,December 31, 2021. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.
(2)Includes commitments of $28 million related to held-for-sale operations as of September 30, 2021. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.

The Company has other commitments to purchase or fund investments, some of which are contingent upon events or circumstances not under the Company’s control, including those at the discretion of the Company’s counterparties. The Company anticipates a portion of these commitments will ultimately be funded from its separate accounts. The above amount includes unfunded commitments that are not unconditionally cancellable. There were no related charges for credit losses for either the three or ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 or 2020.2021.

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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
 Indemnification of Securities Lending and Securities Repurchase Transactions
September 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
(in millions) (in millions)
Indemnification provided to certain clients for securities lending and securities repurchase transactions(1)Indemnification provided to certain clients for securities lending and securities repurchase transactions(1)$8,595 $7,108 Indemnification provided to certain clients for securities lending and securities repurchase transactions(1)$6,386 $6,499 
Fair value of related collateral associated with above indemnifications(1)(2)Fair value of related collateral associated with above indemnifications(1)(2)$8,784 $7,254 Fair value of related collateral associated with above indemnifications(1)(2)$6,524 $6,635 
Accrued liability associated with guaranteeAccrued liability associated with guarantee$$Accrued liability associated with guarantee$$
__________ 
(1)Includes $63$74 million and $34$30 million related to securities repurchase transactions as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively
(2)Includes $74 million and $29 million related to securities repurchase transactions as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

In the normal course of business, the Company may facilitate securities lending or securities repurchase transactions on behalf of certain client accounts (collectively, “the accounts”). In certain of these arrangements, the Company has provided an indemnification to the accounts to hold them harmless against losses caused by counterparty (i.e., borrower) defaults associated with such transactions facilitated by the Company. In securities lending transactions, collateral is provided by the counterparty to the accounts at the inception of the transaction in an amount at least equal to 102% of the fair value of the loaned securities and the collateral is maintained daily to equal at least 102% of the fair value of the loaned securities. In securities repurchase transactions, collateral is provided by the counterparty to the accounts at the inception of the transaction in an amount at least equal to 95% of the fair value of the securities subject to repurchase and the collateral is maintained daily to equal at least 95% of the fair value of the securities subject to repurchase. The Company is only at risk if the counterparty to the transaction defaults and the value of the collateral held is less than the value of the securities loaned to, or subject to repurchase from, such counterparty. The Company believes the possibility of any payments under these indemnities is remote.
 
Credit Derivatives Written
 
As discussed further in Note 5, the Company writes credit derivatives under which the Company is obligated to pay the counterparty the referenced amount of the contract and receive in return the defaulted security or similar security.
 
Guarantees of Asset Values
September 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
(in millions) (in millions)
Guaranteed value of third-parties’ assetsGuaranteed value of third-parties’ assets$83,200 $86,264 Guaranteed value of third-parties’ assets$84,082 $81,984 
Fair value of collateral supporting these assetsFair value of collateral supporting these assets$86,176 $90,612 Fair value of collateral supporting these assets$80,474 $83,609 
Asset (liability) associated with guarantee, carried at fair valueAsset (liability) associated with guarantee, carried at fair value$$Asset (liability) associated with guarantee, carried at fair value$$
 
Certain contracts underwritten by the Retirement Strategies segment include guarantees related to financial assets owned by the guaranteed party. These contracts are accounted for as derivatives and carried at fair value. The collateral supporting these guarantees is not reflected on the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
 
Indemnification of Serviced Mortgage Loans
September 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
(in millions) (in millions)
Maximum exposure under indemnification agreements for mortgage loans serviced by the CompanyMaximum exposure under indemnification agreements for mortgage loans serviced by the Company$2,917 $2,684 Maximum exposure under indemnification agreements for mortgage loans serviced by the Company$2,876 $2,930 
First-loss exposure portion of aboveFirst-loss exposure portion of above$850 $784 First-loss exposure portion of above$836 $854 
Accrued liability associated with guarantees(1)Accrued liability associated with guarantees(1)$41 $41 Accrued liability associated with guarantees(1)$33 $41 
__________
(1)The accrued liability associated with guarantees includes an allowance for credit losses of $17 million and $20 million as of both SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020.2021, respectively. The change in allowance is an increasea reduction of $1 million and $0 million for both the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2022, and 2021, and 2020,respectively, and a change of $0 millionreduction for both the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2022 and 2021 of $4 million and 2020.$1 million, respectively.
 
As part of the commercial mortgage activities of the Company’s PGIM segment, the Company provides commercial mortgage origination, underwriting and servicing for certain government sponsored entities, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The Company has agreed to indemnify the government sponsored entities for a portion of the credit risk associated with
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
certain of the mortgages it services through a delegated authority arrangement. Under these arrangements, the Company originates multi-family mortgages for sale to the government sponsored entities based on underwriting standards they specify, and makes payments to them for a specified percentage share of losses they incur on certain loans serviced by the Company. The Company’s percentage share of losses incurred generally varies from 4% to 20% of the loan balance, and is typically based on a first-loss exposure for a stated percentage of the loan balance, plus a shared exposure with the government sponsored entity for any losses in excess of the stated first-loss percentage, subject to a contractually specified maximum percentage. The Company determines the liability related to this exposure using historical loss experience, and the size and remaining life of the asset. The Company serviced $22,867$22,647 million and $21,465$22,963 million of mortgages subject to these loss-sharing arrangements as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively, all of which are collateralized by first priority liens on the underlying multi-family residential properties. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2022, these mortgages had a weighted-average debt service coverage ratio of 1.96 times and a weighted-average loan-to-value ratio of 62%. As of December 31, 2021, these mortgages had a weighted-average debt service coverage ratio of 1.97 times and a weighted-average loan-to-value ratio of 63%. As of December 31, 2020, these mortgages had a weighted-average debt service coverage ratio of 1.991.93 times and a weighted-average loan-to-value ratio of 63%. The Company had $2 million ofno losses related to indemnifications that were settled for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and no$1 million of losses for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021.
 
Other Guarantees
September 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
(in millions) (in millions)
Other guarantees where amount can be determinedOther guarantees where amount can be determined$52 $52 Other guarantees where amount can be determined$57 $47 
Accrued liability for other guarantees and indemnificationsAccrued liability for other guarantees and indemnifications$34 $Accrued liability for other guarantees and indemnifications$33 $34 
 
The Company is also subject to other financial guarantees and indemnity arrangements. The Company has provided indemnities and guarantees related to acquisitions, dispositions, investments and other transactions that are triggered by, among other things, breaches of representations, warranties or covenants provided by the Company. These obligations are typically subject to various time limitations, defined by the contract or by operation of law, such as statutes of limitation. In some cases, the maximum potential obligation is subject to contractual limitations, while in other cases such limitations are not specified or applicable. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there are $0 million and $9 million, respectively, of yield maintenance guarantees related to certain investments the Company sold. The Company does not expect to make any payments on these guarantees and is not carrying any liabilities associated with these guarantees.
 
Since certain of these obligations are not subject to limitations, it is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount due under these guarantees. The accrued liability identified above relates to the sale of POT and represents a financial guarantee of certain insurance obligations of POT. See Note 1 for additional information regarding the sale. 

Assurance IQ Contingent Consideration Liability

OnIn October 10, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of Assurance IQ, a leading consumer solutions platform that offers a range of solutions that help meet consumers’ financial needs.IQ. For additional information regarding the transaction, including the contingent consideration liability, see Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Pursuant to the merger agreement, contingent consideration as well as additional compensation awards are payable in 2023 in a mix of approximately 25% cash and 75% Prudential Financial Common Stock, contingent upon Assurance IQ’s achievement of certain targets for gross revenues net of associated selling expenses (“Variable Profits”) over the period from January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022 as follows:
If Variable Profits are less than $900 million, no additional amount is payable.
If Variable Profits are greater than $1,300 million, an additional amount of $1,150 million is payable.
If Variable Profits are greater than $900 million but less than or equal to $1,300 million, an additional amount is payable equal to the product of (i) the quotient of (A) an amount equal to (1) Variable Profits achieved minus (2) $900 million divided by (B) $400 million and (ii) $1,150 million.

Payment of the additional amount may be accelerated if the Company violates certain provisions of the merger agreement requiring it to take or refrain from taking certain actions, including with respect to the management and operation of Assurance IQ.2021.

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Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
The contingent consideration liability referred to above is reported at fair value. Fair value, which is determined based on the present value of expected payments under the arrangement, described above, using an internally developedinternally-developed option pricing model based on a number of assumptions, including certain unobservable assumptions for future Variable Profits and the future price of Prudential Financial Common Stock.discounted at an estimated market interest rate. The fair value of the liability is updated each reporting period, with changes in fair value reported within “Other income.” The fair value of the contingent consideration liability was zero as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020. The stock-based component of contingent consideration impacts the share count for purposes of calculating the Company’s diluted earnings per share when Assurance IQ’s actual Variable Profits achieved as of the end of the reporting period is in excess of $900 million, as if the contingent consideration performance period ended on the applicable reporting date. The number of shares issued as part of the contingent consideration payable in 2023 will be based on a $83.71 price per share.2021.

Contingent Liabilities
 
On an ongoing basis, the Company and its regulators review its operations including, but not limited to, sales and other customer interface procedures and practices, and procedures for meeting obligations to its customers and other parties. These reviews may result in the modification or enhancement of processes or the imposition of other action plans, including concerning management oversight, sales and other customer interface procedures and practices, and the timing or computation of payments to customers and other parties. In certain cases, if appropriate, the Company may offer customers or other parties remediation and may incur charges, including the cost of such remediation, administrative costs and regulatory fines.
 
The Company is subject to the laws and regulations of states and other jurisdictions concerning the identification, reporting and escheatment of unclaimed or abandoned funds, and is subject to audit and examination for compliance with these requirements.
 
It is possible that the results of operations or the cash flow of the Company in a particular quarterly or annual period could be materially affected as a result of payments in connection with the matters discussed above or other matters depending, in part, upon the results of operations or cash flow for such period. Management believes, however, that ultimate payments in connection with these matters, after consideration of applicable reserves and rights to indemnification, should not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position.

Litigation and Regulatory Matters
The Company is subject to legal and regulatory actions in the ordinary course of its businesses. Pending legal and regulatory actions include proceedings relating to aspects of the Company’s businesses and operations that are specific to it and proceedings that are typical of the businesses in which it operates, including in both cases businesses that have been either divested or placed in wind-down status. Some of these proceedings have been brought on behalf of various alleged classes of complainants. In certain of these matters, the plaintiffs are seeking large and/or indeterminate amounts, including punitive or exemplary damages. The outcome of litigation or a regulatory matter, and the amount or range of potential loss at any particular time, is often inherently uncertain.

The Company establishes accruals for litigation and regulatory matters when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of that loss can be reasonably estimated. For litigation and regulatory matters where a loss may be reasonably possible, but not probable, or is probable but not reasonably estimable, no accrual is established but the matter, if potentially material, is disclosed, including matters discussed below. The Company estimates that as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses in excess of accruals established for those litigation and regulatory matters for which such an estimate currently can be made is less than $250 million. Any estimate is not an indication of expected loss, if any, or the Company’s maximum possible loss exposure on such matters. The Company reviews relevant information with respect to its litigation and regulatory matters on a quarterly and annual basis and updates its accruals, disclosures and estimates of reasonably possible loss based on such reviews.
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Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
The following discussion of litigation and regulatory matters provides an update of those matters discussed in Note 23 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020,2021, and should be read in conjunction with the complete descriptions provided in the Form 10-K.

Individual Annuities, Individual Life and Group Insurance

Behfarin v. Pruco Life

This matter is now closed.

Moreland, Socorro v. PICA, et al.

In June 2020, a putative class action complaint entitled Socorro Moreland v. The Prudential Insurance Company of America; Pruco Life Insurance Company, was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, alleging that the Company failed to comply with California laws requiring that life insurance policies issued and delivered in California: (i) provide for a 60-day grace period pre-lapse during which a policy must stay in force; (ii) provide a 30-day written notice of pending lapse; and (iii) notify policyowners of their right to designate additional recipients for lapse notices. The complaint asserts claims for violation of California law, breach of contract, unfair competition, and bad faith violation of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and seeks unspecified damages, declaratory and injunctive relief. In August 2020, defendants filed an answer to the complaint and a motion to stay the action pending the California Supreme Court’s decision, in McHugh v. Protective Life Insurance, on the question of whether the California lapse statutes apply to policies that were in force when the statutes went into effect on January 1, 2013, or solely to policies issued after that date. The Moreland court granted defendants’ motion to stay in October 2020. Subsequently, in August 2021, the California Supreme Court in McHugh determined that the California lapse statutes apply to policies that were in force as of January 1, 2013. In October 2021, the Moreland court lifted the stay order.

Escheatment Litigation
Total Asset Recovery Services, LLC v. MetLife, Inc., et al., Prudential Financial, Inc., The Prudential Insurance Company of America, and Prudential Insurance Agency, LLC
In March 2021, the plaintiff filed a third amended complaint asserting claims against all defendants for violation of the New York False Claims Act, and seeking injunctive relief, compensatory and treble damages, attorneys’ fees and costs.

Securities Litigation
Donel Davidson v. Charles F. Lowrey, et al.

In March 2021, the court issued an order consolidating this action with Robert Lalor, Derivatively on behalf of Prudential Financial, Inc. v. Charles F. Lowrey, et al. under the caption In re Prudential Financial, Inc. Derivative Litigation. In May 2021, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the complaint.
Robert Lalor v. Charles F. Lowrey, et al.
In March 2021, the court issued an order consolidating this action with Donel Davidson, Derivatively on Behalf of Prudential Financial, Inc. v. Charles F. Lowrey, et al. under the caption In re Prudential Financial, Inc. Derivative Litigation. Case updates will be consolidated with the Donel Davidson action.
Assurance IQ, LLC
The Company has received a civil investigative demand and other inquiries related to the appropriateness of Assurance IQ’s supplemental health product sales and marketing activity. The Company is cooperating with regulators and may become subject to additional regulatory inquiries and other investigations and actions related to this matter.
William James Griffin, et al. v. Benefytt Technologies, Inc., et al. and Assurance IQ, LLC

In February 2021,March 2022, the court issued an amended putative class action complaint entitled William James Griffin, et al. v. Benefytt Technologies, Inc. (f/k/a Health Insurance Innovations, Inc.), Health Plan Intermediaries Holdings, Inc. andorder granting Assurance IQ, LLC, wasLLC’s motion to dismiss the claims for declaratory and injunctive relief and denying the motion to dismiss as to the remaining claims. In May 2022, plaintiffs filed ina second amended complaint narrowing the United States District Court forscope of the Southern District of Florida, alleging thatputative plaintiff class, and the defendants violated the Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, and engaged in a conspiracy to defraud customers through the sale of limited indemnity and short term health insurance products to individuals seeking comprehensive medical insurance. TheCompany filed its answer.


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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)
complaint seeks unspecified treble damages, declaratory and injunctive relief. In June 2021, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint.
Other MattersLIBOR Litigation

ChoPrudential Investment Portfolios 2, f/k/a Dryden Core Investment Fund, o/b/o Prudential Core Short-Term Bond Fund and Prudential Core Taxable Money Market Fund v. PICA,Bank of America Corporation, et al.

In September 2021, the court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss the amended complaint without prejudice. In October 2021, plaintiff filed a second amended complaint asserting claims againstMarch 2022, defendants under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 for breach of fiduciary duty, prohibited transactions and failure to monitor fiduciaries. The second amended complaint seeks declaratory, injunctive and equitable relief, unspecified damages, attorneys’ fees and costs.

Doyle C. Stone v. PFI, et al.

In April 2021, defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint. In June 2021, plaintiff filed a notice of voluntary dismissal of the complaint, without prejudice. In August 2021, plaintiff filed a new putative class action complaint inpetitioned the United States DistrictSupreme Court for the Districta writ of New Jersey (the “Second Complaint”), asserting claims against Prudential Financial, Inc. and Pruco Life Insurance Company for violation of the New Jersey Consumer Fraud Act, breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment and common law fraud. The putative class includes all Plan Participants from January 2015 until the present. In September 2021, defendants filed a motioncertiorari to dismissreview the Second Complaint.

Regulatory

Variable Products

The Company has received regulatory inquiries and requests for information from state and federal regulators, including a subpoena fromCircuit Court of Appeals judgment that personal jurisdiction extends to foreign defendants. In June 2022, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, concerning the appropriateness of variable product sales and replacement activity. The Company is cooperating with regulators and may become subject to additional regulatory inquiries and other actions related to this matter.United States Supreme Court denied defendants’ petition.

Summary

The Company’s litigation and regulatory matters are subject to many uncertainties, and given their complexity and scope, their outcome cannot be predicted. It is possible that the Company’s results of operations or cash flow in a particular quarterly or annual period could be materially affected by an ultimate unfavorable resolution of pending litigation and regulatory matters depending, in part, upon the results of operations or cash flow for such period. In light of the unpredictability of the Company’s litigation and regulatory matters, it is also possible that in certain cases an ultimate unfavorable resolution of one or more pending litigation or regulatory matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements. Management believes, however, that, based on information currently known to it, the ultimate outcome of all pending litigation and regulatory matters, after consideration of applicable reserves and rights to indemnification, is not likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) addresses the consolidated financial condition of Prudential Financial, Inc. (“Prudential,” “Prudential Financial,” “PFI,” or “the Company”) as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, compared with December 31, 2020,2021, and its consolidated results of operations for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020.2021. You should read the following analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the MD&A, the “Risk Factors” section, and the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020,2021, as well as the statements under “Forward-Looking Statements,” and the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Overview

Prudential Financial, a financial services leader with approximately $1.727$1.410 trillion of assets under management as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, has operations primarily in the United States of America (“U.S.”), Asia, Europe and Latin America. Through our subsidiaries and affiliates, we offer a wide array of financial products and services, including life insurance, annuities, retirement-related services,retirement solutions, mutual funds and investment management. We offer these products and services to individual and institutional customers through one of the largest distribution networks in the financial services industry.

OurIn October 2021, we announced the creation of Retirement Strategies, a new U.S. business that would serve the retirement needs of both our institutional and individual customers by bringing the institutional investment and pension solutions offered through our Retirement business together with the financial solutions and capabilities of our Individual Annuities business. As of the second quarter of 2022, this new structure has been fully operationalized; therefore, the results of our former Retirement segment (now known as the “Institutional Retirement Strategies” operating segment) and our former Individual Annuities segment (now known as the “Individual Retirement Strategies” operating segment) have been aggregated into the Retirement Strategies segment. Prior periods have been updated to conform to this new presentation.

Consequently, our principal operations now consist of PGIM (our global investment management business), our U.S. Businesses (consisting of our Retirement Strategies, Group Insurance, Individual Annuities, Individual Life and Assurance IQ businesses), our International Businesses, the Closed Block division, and our Corporate and Other operations. The Closed Block division is accounted for as a divested business that is reported separately from the Divested and Run-off Businesses that are included in Corporate and Other. Divested and Run-off Businesses consist of businesses that have been, or will be, sold or exited, including businesses that have been placed in wind-down status that do not qualify for “discontinued operations” accounting treatment under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Our Corporate and Other operations include corporate items and initiatives that are not allocated to business segments as well as the Divested and Run-off Businesses described above.

We attribute financing costs to each segment based on the amount of financing used by each segment, excluding financing costs associated with corporate debt, which are reflected in our Corporate and Other operations. The net investment income of each segment includes earnings on the amount of capital that management believes is necessary to support the risks of that segment.

In October 2021, we announced the creation of Retirement Strategies, a new U.S. business that will serve the retirement needs of both individual and institutional customers. This business will bring the financial solutions and capabilities of our Individual Annuities business together with the institutional investment and pension solutions offered through our Retirement business. During the fourth quarter of 2021, the new leadership team is being assembled and will be making decisions around the business’s operating structure. When this new structure is finalized and operational, the presentation of our segment results may be modified to conform to this new structure.

Management expects that results will continue to benefit from our differentiated mix of market-leading businesses that complement each other to provide competitive advantages, earnings diversification and capital benefits from a balanced risk profile. While challenges exist in the form of a low interest rate environment (see “Impact of a Low Interest Rate Environment” below), fee compression in certain of our businesses and other market factors, we expect that our businesses will produce appropriate returns for the current market environment. We believe we are well-positioned to tap into market opportunities to meet the evolving needs of individual customers, workplace clients, and society at large. Our mix of high-quality protection, retirement and investment management businesses enables us to offer solutions that cover a broad range of financial needs and to engage with our clients through multiple channels, including the ability to sell solutions across a broad socio-economic spectrum through Assurance IQ’s digital platform. We aim to expand our addressable market, build deeper and longer-lasting relationships with customers and clients, and meaningfully improve their financial wellness. While challenges have existed in the form of a sustained low interest rate environment, interest rates have recently risen from historically low levels. In the short term, higher interest rates will cause a decrease in our assets under management and associated fee income in our fee-based businesses, while over the longer term, higher interest rates will drive an increase in investment income from higher portfolio reinvestment rates.

In order to further increase our competitive advantage, we are working to enhance the experience of our customers and the capabilitiescapabilities of our businesses, which we expect will also help us realize improved margins. In 2019, we launched programs in pursuit of these objectives that have resulted and will continue to result in multi-yearmulti-year investments in technology, systems and employee reskilling, as well as severance and related charges, whichcharges. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we incurred approximately $38 million and $63 million of costs, respectively, in connection with these programs. We expect these programs will result ingenerate significant expense efficiencies over several years that will mitigate the next several years.impact from increases in other expenses due to inflation and business growth initiatives. For the three months and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, the Company estimates that the impact to results from these programs was a benefitgenerated cost savings of $146approximately $174 million and $388$344 million, respectively, and, as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, we continue to remain on trackexpect to accumulate approximately $750 million of annual run-rate cost savings by the end of 2023.2022, which is one year ahead of our target date.



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COVID-19

Since the first quarter of 2020, the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”)COVID-19 pandemic has createdcaused extreme stress and disruption in the global economy and financial markets and has elevated mortality and morbidity experience for the global population. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impactimpacted our results of operations in the current period and is expected to continue to impact our results of operations in future periods. The COVID-19 pandemic has moved in localized waves, with its impact worsening and then improving in different locations at different times in a repetitive but unpredictable pattern. During the third quarter of 2021, the mortality impacts to our businesses from COVID-19 increased compared to the second quarter.

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The Company has taken several measures to manage the impacts of this crisis. The actual and expected impacts of these events and other items are included in the following update:

Outlook.

U.S. Businesses:

The riskUnited States has experienced multiple waves of hospitalizationCOVID-19, with the severity of each wave depending on such factors as seasonality, varying levels of population immunity, and deaththe evolution of the virus itself into different variants. Throughout the course of the pandemic, deaths from COVID-19 in the United States have ranged from a few hundred to several thousand per day. Since December 2021, the Omicron variant and several of its variantssubvariants have emerged in the U.S. and quickly became the dominant strains, causing many more infections but with a smaller percentage of infections resulting in hospitalizations and deaths compared to date has been greatly reducedprior waves, though still causing deaths to spike during the first half of 2022. Vaccines and other therapeutics, such as several vaccinesantiviral treatments, are now widely available and non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as mandatory social distancing and mask wearing, are being relaxed in most communities; however, the U.S. The vaccine rollout continues (with approximately 80% of the U.S. adult population receiving at least one dose) and other therapeutics are available now, or soon will be. Nevertheless, transmissionfuture evolution of the virus, persists and in certain geographies remains high. Althoughamong other factors, could cause the actual course of the pandemic worsened in the U.S. during the third quarter of 2021, with deaths peaking in mid-September, the Company has seen impacts begin to moderate and the trend of the pandemic’s impactsits impact on our U.S. Businesses may continuebusiness to improve as population immunitydiffer from vaccination or prior infection increases and treatment options for COVID-19 patients expand.our current expectations.

Specific outlook considerations for certain of our U.S. businesses include the following:

Retirement.Retirement Strategies. Given thatAs many of the products in our institutional investment productsInstitutional Retirement Strategies business assume longevity risk, elevated levels of mortality resulting from COVID-19 may continue to contribute to a higher levellevels of underwriting gains; however, high vaccination rates among pensioners in both the U.S. and the U.K. suggest that mortality rates will continue to normalize toward pre-pandemic mortality levels. The pandemic may also impact sales volumes.gains.

Group Insurance. We expect COVID-19 may contribute to elevated levels of mortality, which would result in increased life insurance claims. In addition, we continue to monitor the potential impact of the pandemic on our disability business, overall sales volumes, and the utilization of our workplace benefit offerings.

Individual Life. COVID-19 may contribute to elevated levels of mortality, resulting in increased life insurance claims in the near-term. In addition, we expect elevated unemployment to drive increased disability claims in this business. The pandemic may also impact sales volumes and the utilization of workplace benefits.

Individual Life. We expect COVID-19 to continue to contribute to elevated levels of mortality, resulting in increased life insurance claims in the near-term. The pandemic may also impact sales volumes.claims.

International Businesses:

Through the first nine months of 2021, we continued to seeOur Japanese operations experienced an elevated level of COVID-19 claims due to the continued spread of the Omicron variant in the first half of 2022 as well as a regulatory requirement that extends hospitalization benefits for at-home recoveries. Additionally, we continued to experience modest disruptions to sales and agent recruiting in Japan after the expiration of certain control measures enacted by Japanese authorities. The situation remains fluid and COVID-19 with the most material impacts in Brazilmight impact future claims and Japan; however, expenses to support our captive agents have decreased significantly compared to 2020. Japan declared a series of COVID-19 driven states of emergency in 2021 across various prefectures, but lifted these restrictions in September. We continue to see signs of improvement based on the global increase in vaccination rates and decreased levels of mortality in all key markets; however, as the global pandemic continues to evolve, any further implementation or tightening of COVID-19 restrictions is possible and,sales depending on the specific circumstances and geographies impacted, could adversely impact our sales prospects for a periodstate of time.the pandemic in the geographic markets in which we operate. We believe our needs-based selling and death protection focus are even more valuable to consumers based on the global experience of COVID-19 and will help support the continued long-term growth of our businesses.

Results of Operations. SeeSee “—Results of Operations” and “—Results of Operations by Segment” for a discussion of results for the thirdsecond quarter and the first ninesix months of 2021.2022.

Investment Portfolio. While the economy continues to re-open and recover from the impacts of COVID-19, there could still be periods of volatility. The market expectations for creditCredit migration and related losses continue to decrease.defaults were low in 2021 and have remained limited in 2022. The sectors most impacted by the pandemic, including energy, consumer cyclical and retail related investments,COVID-19 have started to recover but may lagcould be influenced by periods of volatility due to the general economic improvement. In certain instances, the Company may agree to modify an investment to provide forbearance, which grants borrowerspossibility of additional time to make payments. As of September 30, 2021, approximately 1.6% of total invested assets, including those held for sale, were modified to allow for limited forbearance. Under the terms of forbearance, the borrower is allowed to defer a portion of current year principal and/or interest payments for a short period (e.g., 6 months). These deferrals accrue additional interest and do not have a material impact on our investment value.variants emerging.

Sales and Flows. SeeSee “—Segment Results of Operations” for a discussion of sales and flows in each of our segments.

Underwriting Results.Underwriting. ThroughThroughout the first nine months of 2021, we estimate thatpandemic, COVID-19 had a significant net negative impact on our underwriting results, reflecting unfavorable mortality impacts in our Group Insurance, Individual Life and International businesses, partially offset by favorable mortality impacts in the Institutional portion of our Retirement Strategies business. ForIn the fourthsecond quarter of 2022, our overall mortality results were within expected ranges, inclusive of impacts from COVID-19, which we have seen decrease throughout the year. As such, beginning with the third quarter of 2022, the Company will embed
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quarterCOVID-19 considerations within the Company’s best estimate assumptions of 2021, the Company expects underwriting results to be adversely impacted by approximately $185 million in our U.S. Businesses, predominantly in our Group Insurance business, and approximately $20 million in our International Businesses; however, thefuture expected mortality impacts for its applicable U.S.-based businesses. The ultimate impact on our underwriting results, however, will continue to depend on various factors such as:including: an insured’s age; geographic concentration; insured versus uninsured populations among the fatalities; the transmissibility and virulence of the virus, including the potential for further mutation; and the ongoing acceptance and efficacy of the vaccines and other therapeutics.

Risk Management. PrudentialPrudential has a robust risk management framework that seeks to ensure we can fulfill our customer, regulatory, and other stakeholder obligations under a range of stress scenarios by maintaining the appropriate balance between the Company’s resources and risks. We evaluate the Company’s exposure to stress under four lenses (economic, STAT, GAAP, and liquidity).

Our risk management framework incorporates severe to very severe stresses across equities, interest rates, credit migration and defaults, currencies and pandemics.mortality. This framework includes a specific “pandemic and sell-off” scenario with a mortality calamity (1.5 extra insured deaths per 1,000 lives in the first year) based on a modern-day interpretation of the 1918 Spanish Flu experience that is aligned with most regulatory frameworks. The stress scenario assumes an even distribution of increased mortality across the population, which is more adversely impactful to our businessthe Company than our current understanding of COVID-19 mortality.mortality, which is skewed toward older ages. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold, we continue to update our analysis and take management actions in response to this specific event.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, the COVID-19 pandemic has not reached the most severe levels of financial impacts included in the Company’s stress testing. In addition, the net mortality impact of COVID-19 has been moderated by the balance between our mortality exposure (such as in our Individual Life and Group Insurance businesses) and our offsetting longevity exposure (such as in our Institutional Retirement Strategies business)., and is influenced by the age distribution of U.S. COVID-19 mortality. The future evolution of the virus, among other factors, could cause the actual course of the pandemic to differ from our current expectations.

Risk Factors. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted our results of operations, financial position, investment portfolio, new business opportunities and operations, and these impacts are expected to continue. For additional information on the risks to our business posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, see “Risk Factors” included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

Business Continuity. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, we have been executing our business continuity protocols to ensure our employees are safe and able to serve our customers. This included effectively transitioning the vast majority of our employees to remote work arrangements. In March 2022, our offices were reopened to employees and we expect that most of our workforce will adopt a hybrid arrangement for the foreseeable future.

We believe all of our businesses can sustain long-term hybrid or fully remote work and social distancing for an indefinite periodarrangements while ensuring that critical business operations are sustained. In addition, we are managing COVID-19 related impacts on third-party provided services, and do not anticipate significant interruption in critical operations.

Impact of a Low Interest Rate Environment

As a global financial services company, market interest rates are a key driver of our results of operations and financial condition. Changes in interest rates can affect our results of operations and/or our financial condition in several ways, including favorable or adverse impacts to:
investment-related activity, including: investment income returns, net interest margins, net investment spread results, new money rates, mortgage loan prepayments and bond redemptions;
hedging costs and other risk mitigation activities;
insurance reserve levels, market experience true-ups and amortization of both deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) and value of business acquired (“VOBA”);
customer account values, including their impact on fee income;
fair value of, and possible impairments on, intangible assets such as goodwill;
product offerings, design features, crediting rates and sales mix; and
policyholder behavior, including surrender or withdrawal activity.

For more information on interest rate risks, see “Risk Factors—Market Risk” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

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See below for discussions related to the current interest rate environments in our two largest markets, the U.S. and Japan; the composition of our insurance liabilities and policyholder account balances; and the hypothetical impacts to our investment related results if these interest rate environments are sustained.
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U.S. Operations excluding the Closed Block Division
 
Interest rates in the U.S. have experienced a sustained period of historically low levels with certain benchmarks reaching significant lows. Whilelows in recent years, while increasing more recently. Although more recent impacts of inflation in the U.S., along with other varying market conditions and events, make uncertain the timing, amount and impact of any monetary policy decisions by the Federal Reserve, changes in interest rates may impact our reinvestment yields, primarily for our investments in fixed maturity securities and commercial mortgage loans. As interest rates decline, our reinvestment yield may be below our overall portfolio yield, resulting in an unfavorable impact to earnings. Conversely, as interest rates rise, our reinvestment yield may exceed the overall portfolio yield resulting in a favorable impact to earnings.

For the general account supporting our U.S. Businesses and our Corporate and Other operations, we estimate annual principal payments and prepayments that we would be required to reinvest to be approximately 7.0%7.4% of the fixed maturity security and commercial mortgage loan portfolios through 2022.2023. The portion of the general account attributable to these operations has approximately $240$168 billion of such assets (based on net carrying value and including assets classified as “held-for-sale”)value) as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021.2022. The average portfolio yield for fixed maturity securities and commercial mortgage loans is approximately 3.8%4% as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021.2022.

Included in the $240$168 billion of fixed maturity securities and commercial mortgage loans are approximately $177$135 billion that are subject to call or redemption features at the issuer’s option and have a weighted average interest rate of approximately 4%. Of this $177$135 billion, approximately 51%55% contain provisions for prepayment premiums. If we reinvest scheduled payments or prepayments (not subject to a prepayment fee) at rates below the current portfolio yield, including in some cases at rates below those guaranteed under our insurance contracts, future operating results will be impacted to the extent we do not, or are unable to, reduce crediting rates on in-force blocks of business, or effectively utilize other asset/liability management strategies described below, in order to maintain current net interest margins.

The following table sets forth the insurance liabilities and policyholder account balances of our U.S. operations excluding the Closed Block Division, by type, for the date indicated:
As of
SeptemberJune 30, 20212022
(in billions)
Long-duration insurance products with fixed and guaranteed terms$153147 
Contracts with adjustable crediting rates subject to guaranteed minimums6136 
Participating contracts where investment income risk ultimately accrues to contractholders142 
Total$228185 

The $153$147 billion above relates to long-duration products such as group annuities, structured settlements and other insurance products that have fixed and guaranteed terms, for which underlying assets may have to be reinvested at interest rates that are lower than portfolio rates. We seek to mitigate the impact of a prolonged low interest rate environment on these contracts through asset/liability management, as discussed further below.

The $61$36 billion above relates to contracts with crediting rates that may be adjusted over the life of the contract, subject to guaranteed minimums. Although we may have the ability to lower crediting rates for those contracts above guaranteed minimums, our willingness to do so may be limited by competitive pressures. The following table sets forth the related account values by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of the difference, in basis points (“bps”), between rates being credited to contractholders as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, and the respective guaranteed minimums. 

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Account Values with Adjustable Crediting Rates Subject to Guaranteed Minimums: Account Values with Adjustable Crediting Rates Subject to Guaranteed Minimums:
At
guaranteed
minimum
1-49
bps above
guaranteed
minimum
50-99
bps above
guaranteed
minimum
100-150
bps above
guaranteed
minimum
Greater than
150
bps above
guaranteed
minimum
TotalAt
guaranteed
minimum
1-49
bps above
guaranteed
minimum
50-99
bps above
guaranteed
minimum
100-150
bps above
guaranteed
minimum
Greater than
150
bps above
guaranteed
minimum
Total
($ in billions) ($ in billions)
Range of Guaranteed Minimum
Crediting Rates:
Range of Guaranteed Minimum
Crediting Rates:
Range of Guaranteed Minimum
Crediting Rates:
Less than 1.00%Less than 1.00%$1.1 $1.1 $0.1 $0.0 $0.0 $2.3 Less than 1.00%$1.0 $0.8 $0.1 $0.0 $0.0 $1.9 
1.00% - 1.99%1.00% - 1.99%5.6 12.1 1.9 1.7 1.4 22.7 1.00% - 1.99%1.3 0.1 0.0 0.8 2.4 4.6 
2.00% - 2.99%2.00% - 2.99%1.3 1.1 0.5 2.4 1.6 6.9 2.00% - 2.99%1.1 0.0 1.2 1.4 3.3 7.0 
3.00% - 4.00%3.00% - 4.00%26.0 2.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 28.6 3.00% - 4.00%19.0 0.0 1.6 0.7 0.1 21.4 
Greater than 4.00%Greater than 4.00%0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 Greater than 4.00%0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 
Total(1)Total(1)$34.9 $16.4 $2.7 $4.4 $3.0 $61.4 Total(1)$23.2 $0.9 $2.9 $2.9 $5.8 $35.7 
Percentage of totalPercentage of total57 %27 %%%%100 %Percentage of total65 %%%%16 %100 %
 __________
(1)Includes approximately $0.5$0.19 billion related to contracts that impose a market value adjustment if the invested amount is not held to maturity.

The remaining $14$2 billion of insurance liabilities and policyholder account balances in these operations relates to participating contracts for which the investment income risk is expected to ultimately accrue to contractholders. The crediting rates for these contracts are periodically adjusted based on the return earned on the related assets.

Assuming a hypothetical scenario where the average 10-year U.S. Treasury rate is 1.50%3.00% (which is reasonably consistent with recent rates) for the period from OctoberJuly 1, 20212022 through SeptemberJune 30, 20222023 (and credit spreads remain unchanged from average levels experienced during the thirdsecond quarter 2021)2022), we estimate that the unfavorablefavorable impact to net investment income of reinvesting activities, including scheduled maturities and estimated prepayments of fixed maturities and commercial mortgage and other loans (excluding assets supporting participating contracts), would be between $50between $0 million and $80$45 million for the period from October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2022.over this period.

In order to mitigate the unfavorable impact that a low interest rate environment has on our net interest margins, we employ a proactive asset/liability management program, which includes strategic asset allocation and hedging strategies within a disciplined risk management framework. These strategies seek to match the characteristics of our products, and to closely approximate the interest rate sensitivity of the assets with the estimated interest rate sensitivity of the product liabilities. Our asset/liability management program also helps manage duration gaps, currency and other risks between assets and liabilities through the use of derivatives. We adjust this dynamic process as products change, as customer behavior changes and as changes in the market environment occur. As a result, our asset/liability management process has permitted us to manage the interest rate risk associated with our products through several market cycles. Our interest rate exposure is also mitigated by our business mix, which includes lines of business for which fee-based and insurance underwriting earnings play a more prominent role in product profitability. We also regularly examine our product offerings and their profitability. As a result, we may reprice certain products and discontinue sales of other products that do not meet our profit expectations.

Closed Block Division
Substantially all of the $58$51 billion of general account assets in the Closed Block division support obligations and liabilities relating to the Closed Block policies only. See Note 7 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Closed Block.

International Insurance Operations

While our international insurance operations have experienced a low interest rate environment for many years, the current reinvestment yields for certain blocks of business in our international insurance operations are generally lower than the current portfolio yield supporting these blocks of business. In recent years, the Bank of Japan’s monetary policy has resulted in even lower and, at times, negative yields for certain tenors of government bonds. Our international insurance operations employ a proactive asset/liability management program in order to mitigate, to the extent possible, the unfavorable impact that the current interest rate environment has on our net interest margins. In conjunction with this program, we have not purchased negative yielding assets to support the portfolio and we continue to purchase long-term bonds with tenors of 30 years or greater. Additionally, our diverse product portfolio in terms of currency mix and premium payment structure allows us to further mitigate the negative impact from this low interest rate environment. We also regularly examine our product offerings and their profitability. As a result, we may reprice certain products, adjust commissions for certain products and discontinue sales of
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other products that do not meet our profit expectations. The impact of these actions and the introduction of certain new products has resulted in an increase in sales of U.S. dollar-denominated products relative to products denominated in other currencies. For additional information on sales within our international insurance operations, see “—International Businesses—Sales Results,” below.

The following table sets forth the insurance liabilities and policyholder account balances of our Japanese operations, by type, for the date indicated:
As of
SeptemberJune 30, 20212022
 (in billions)
Insurance products with fixed and guaranteed terms$140128 
Contracts with a market value adjustment if invested amount is not held to maturity2524 
Contracts with adjustable crediting rates subject to guaranteed minimums119 
Total$176161 

The $140$128 billion is primarily comprised of long-duration insurance products that have fixed and guaranteed terms- for which underlying assets may have to be reinvested at interest rates that are lower than current portfolio yields. The remaining insurance liabilities and policyholder account balances include $25$24 billion related to contracts that impose a market value adjustment if the invested amount is not held to maturity and $11$9 billion related to contracts with crediting rates that may be adjusted over the life of the contract, subject to guaranteed minimums. Most of the current crediting rates on these contracts, however, are at or near contractual minimums. Although we have the ability in some cases to lower crediting rates for those contracts that are above guaranteed minimum crediting rates, the majority of this business has interest crediting rates that are determined by formula.

Assuming a hypothetical scenario where the average 30-year Japanese Government Bond yield is 0.65%1.20% and the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate is 1.50%3.00% (which is reasonably consistent with recent rates) for the period from OctoberJuly 1, 20212022 through SeptemberJune 30, 20222023 (and credit spreads remain unchanged from average levels experienced during the thirdsecond quarter 2021)2022), we estimate that the unfavorablefavorable impact to net investment income of reinvesting activities, including scheduled maturities and estimated prepayments of fixed maturities and commercial mortgage and other loans (excluding assets supporting participating contracts), would be between $20$0 million and $40$45 million for the period from October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2022.

over this period.
Results of Operations

Consolidated Results of Operations

The following table summarizes net income (loss) for the periods presented.
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
20212020202120202022202120222021
(in millions)(in millions)
RevenuesRevenues$21,641 $15,425 $54,510 $41,004 Revenues$13,021 $15,917 $26,236 $32,869 
Benefits and expensesBenefits and expenses19,835 13,978 46,517 42,227 Benefits and expenses13,532 13,144 26,862 26,682 
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint venturesIncome (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures1,806 1,447 7,993 (1,223)Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures(511)2,773 (626)6,187 
Income tax expense (benefit)Income tax expense (benefit)259 (50)1,504 Income tax expense (benefit)11 609 (58)1,245 
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of operating joint venturesIncome (loss) before equity in earnings of operating joint ventures1,547 1,497 6,489 (1,230)Income (loss) before equity in earnings of operating joint ventures(522)2,164 (568)4,942 
Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures, net of taxesEquity in earnings of operating joint ventures, net of taxes18 10 63 62 Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures, net of taxes(50)19 (48)45 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)1,565 1,507 6,552 (1,168)Net income (loss)(572)2,183 (616)4,987 
Less: Income attributable to noncontrolling interestsLess: Income attributable to noncontrolling interests35 20 36 25 Less: Income attributable to noncontrolling interests(7)25 (20)
Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial, Inc.Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial, Inc.$1,530 $1,487 $6,516 $(1,193)Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial, Inc.$(565)$2,158 $(596)$4,986 

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Three Month Comparison. The $43$2,723 million increasedecrease in “Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial, Inc.” for the thirdsecond quarter of 20212022 compared to the thirdsecond quarter of 20202021 reflected the following notable items on a pre-tax basis:

$651 2,974million favorableunfavorable variance from realized investment gains (losses), net, and related charges and adjustments for PFI, excluding Divested and Run-off Businesses and market experience updates, as well as the impact of the hedging program associated with certain variable annuities (see “General Account Investments” for additional information); and
$344957 million favorableunfavorable variance from higherlower adjusted operating income from our business segments, including an unfavorable net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, primarily within the Individual Life business, partially offset by a gain from the sale of our equity interest in Prudential Annuities Life Assurance Corporation (“PALAC”) (see “Segment Results of Operations” for additional information); and
$150 million favorable variance from a gain in the current period from our Divested and Run-off Businesses compared to a loss in the prior year period..

Partially offsetting these increasesdecreases in “Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial, Inc.” were the following items:

$526598 million favorable variance from income taxes reflecting the decrease in pre-tax earnings;
$306 million favorable variance driven by market experience updates primarily within our Individual Retirement Strategies business; and
$266 million favorable variance reflecting the impact from changes in the value of our embedded derivatives and related hedge positions, net of DAC and other costs, associated with certain variable annuities.

Six Month Comparison. The $5,582 million decrease in “Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial, Inc.” for the first six months of 2022 compared to the first six months of 2021 reflected the following notable items on a pre-tax basis:

$4,520 million unfavorable variance from realized investment gains (losses), net, and related charges and adjustments for PFI, excluding the impact of the hedging program associated with certain variable annuities;
$1,434 million unfavorable variance from lower adjusted operating income from our business segments, including an unfavorable net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, primarily within the Individual Life business, and the absence of a gain from the sale of the Company’s 35% ownership stake in Pramerica SGR recorded in the prior year period, partially offset by a gain from the sale of our equity interest in PALAC;
$603 million unfavorable variance reflecting the impact from changes in the value of our embedded derivatives and related hedge positions, net of DAC and other costs, associated with certain variable annuities;
$309 million unfavorable variance from a higher tax expense reflecting the increase in pre-tax earnings; and
$198310 million unfavorable variance from investment related activities that are primarily within “Other income (loss)” for PFI excluding our Divested and Run-off Businesses.

Nine Month Comparison. The$7,709 million increase in “Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial, Inc.” for the first nine months of 2021 compared to the first nine months of 2020 reflected the following notable items on a pre-tax basis:

$2,583 million favorable variance reflecting the impact from changes in the value of our embedded derivatives and related hedge positions, net of DAC and other costs, associated with certain variable annuities;
$2,233 million favorable variance from higher adjusted operating income from our business segments;
$2,032 million favorable variance from realized investment gains (losses) and related charges for PFI excluding Divested and Run-off Businesses and market experience updates, as well as the impact of the hedging program associated with certain variable annuities;
$1,346 million favorable variance driven by market experience updates primarily within our Individual Annuities and Individual Life businesses (see Note 13 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information); and
$1,106 million favorable variance from a gain in the current periodlower results from our Divested and Run-off Businesses compared to a loss in the priorcurrent year period.period, partially offset by a gain from the sale of our Full Service Retirement business.

Partially offsetting these increasesdecreases in “Net income (loss) attributable to Prudential Financial, Inc.” was a $1,497$1,303 million unfavorablefavorable variance from a higher tax expenseincome taxes reflecting the increasedecrease in pre-tax earnings.

Segment Results of Operations
 
We analyze the performance of our segments and Corporate and Other operations using a measure of segment profitability called adjusted operating income. See “—Segment Measures” for a discussion of adjusted operating income and its use as a measure of segment operating performance.

SummaryAnnual Reviews and Update of Assumptions and Other Refinements

Annually during the second quarter of each year, we perform a comprehensive review of actuarial assumptions utilized in measuring insurance liabilities and expected gross profits used in amortizing deferred acquisition costs, sales inducement costs, unearned revenue reserves and value of business acquired. The assumptions reviewed include, but are not necessarily limited to, inputs such as mortality, morbidity, contractholder behavior and expected future rates of returns on investments. As part of this review, we may update these assumptions and make refinements to our models based upon emerging experience, future expectations and other data, including any observable market data. These assumptions are generally updated annually during the second quarter of each year, unless a material change in experience that we feel is indicative of a long-term trend is observed during an interim period.

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Shown below are the impacts on our adjusted operating income from updates of actuarial assumptions and other refinements as discussed above. The information below is presented by each segment and Corporate and Other operations and includes a reconciliation of these impacts to the impacts within income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures.

Three and Six Months Ended
June 30,
20222021(1)
(in millions)
Favorable (unfavorable) impact to adjusted operating income before income taxes by segment:
U.S. Businesses:
Retirement Strategies$25 $(29)
Group Insurance(3)
Individual Life(1,401)
Total U.S. Businesses(1,379)(21)
International Businesses(31)(14)
Corporate and Other
Total segment favorable (unfavorable) impact to adjusted operating income before income taxes(1,406)(30)
Reconciling items:
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments445 
Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(298)192 
Divested and Run-off Businesses:
Closed Block division(2)
Other Divested and Run-off Businesses(48)58 
Favorable (unfavorable) impact to consolidated income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$(1,309)$226 
__________
(1)Effective third quarter of 2021, the results of the Full Service Retirement business were excluded from the Retirement Strategies segment and are included in Divested and Run-off Businesses. Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation. See Note 1 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

See “—Results of Operations by SegmentSegment” for a discussion of the impacts of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements.

Shown below are the adjusted operating income contributions of each segment and Corporate and Other operations for the periods indicated and a reconciliation of this segment measure of performance to “Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures” as presented in the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
20212020(1)2021(1)2020(1)20222021(1)20222021(1)
(in millions)(in millions)
Adjusted operating income before income taxes by segment:Adjusted operating income before income taxes by segment:Adjusted operating income before income taxes by segment:
PGIMPGIM$327 $370 $1,293 $858 PGIM$206 $315 $394 $966 
U.S. Businesses:U.S. Businesses:U.S. Businesses:
Retirement571 347 1,635 860 
Retirement StrategiesRetirement Strategies1,703 922 2,743 1,980 
Group InsuranceGroup Insurance(135)22 (250)71 Group Insurance53 17 (58)(115)
Individual Annuities499 408 1,415 1,030 
Individual LifeIndividual Life210 101 312 17 Individual Life(1,325)146 (1,274)102 
Assurance IQAssurance IQ(55)(30)(132)(69)Assurance IQ(61)(38)(98)(77)
Total U.S. BusinessesTotal U.S. Businesses1,090 848 2,980 1,909 Total U.S. Businesses370 1,047 1,313 1,890 
International BusinessesInternational Businesses887 775 2,561 2,162 International Businesses555 803 1,356 1,674 
Corporate and OtherCorporate and Other(460)(493)(1,118)(1,446)Corporate and Other(259)(336)(625)(658)
Total segment adjusted operating income before income taxesTotal segment adjusted operating income before income taxes1,844 1,500 5,716 3,483 Total segment adjusted operating income before income taxes872 1,829 2,438 3,872 
Reconciling items:Reconciling items:Reconciling items:
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(2)Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(2)116 236 1,765 (2,758)Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(2)(2,134)355 (3,155)1,649 
Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(3)Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(3)(18)(69)(254)(353)Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(3)(216)(555)(236)
Market experience updatesMarket experience updates(199)(134)330 (1,016)Market experience updates531 225 525 529 
Divested and Run-off Businesses(4):Divested and Run-off Businesses(4):Divested and Run-off Businesses(4):
Closed Block divisionClosed Block division27 92 (15)Closed Block division13 31 36 65 
Other Divested and Run-off BusinessesOther Divested and Run-off Businesses48 (83)432 (567)Other Divested and Run-off Businesses402 339 103 384 
Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests(5)Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests(5)(3)(53)(62)Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests(5)21 (1)(50)
Other adjustments(6)Other adjustments(6)(9)(12)(35)65 Other adjustments(6)(13)(17)(26)
Consolidated income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint venturesConsolidated income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$1,806 $1,447 $7,993 $(1,223)Consolidated income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$(511)$2,773 $(626)$6,187 
__________
(1)Effective second quarter of 2020, the results of POK and the impact of its sale are excluded from the International Businesses and are included in Divested and Run-off Businesses. Effective third quarter of 2020, the results of POT and the impact of its sale are excluded from the International Businesses and are included in Divested and Run-off Businesses. Effective third quarter of 2021, the results of the Full Service Retirement business arewere excluded from the Retirement Strategies segment and are included in Divested and Run-off Businesses. Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation. See Note 1 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about these dispositions.information.
(2)See “General Account Investments” and Note 13 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. All periods presented reflect the impacts from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements.
(3)Includes charges that represent the impact of realized investment gains (losses), net, on the amortization of DAC and other costs, and on changes in reserves. Also includes charges resulting from payments related to market value adjustment features of certain of our annuity products and the impact of realized investment gains (losses), net, on the amortization of Unearned Revenue Reservesunearned revenue reserves (“URR”). All periods presented also reflect the impacts on these items from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements.
(4)Represents the contribution to income (loss) of Divested and Run-off Businesses that have been or will be sold or exited, including businesses that have been placed in wind down,wind-down, but that did not qualify for “discontinued operations” accounting treatment under U.S. GAAP. See “—Divested and Run-off Businesses” for additional information.
(5)Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures are included in adjusted operating income but excluded from “Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures” as they are reflected on an after-tax U.S. GAAP basis as a separate line in the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations. Earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests are excluded from adjusted operating income but included in “Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures” as they are reflected on a U.S. GAAP basis as a separate line in the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations. Earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests represent the portion of earnings from consolidated entities that relates to the equity interests of minority investors.
(6)Includes certain components of consideration for business acquisitions, which are recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service periods, as well as changes in the fair value of associated contingent consideration. See Note 14 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Segment results for the period presented above reflect the following:

PGIM. Results for the thirdsecond quarter of 20212022 decreased in comparison to the prior year period, primarily reflecting lower net other related revenues, higher operating expenses and higher expenses, partially offset by an increase inlower net asset management fees. Results for the first ninesix months of 2021 increased2022 decreased in comparison to the prior year period, primarily reflecting the absence of a gain in the prior year period from the sale of our 35% ownership stake in Pramerica SGR, in the current year period, as well as an increase in asset management fees, partially offset by higher compensation and operating expenses, and lower net other related revenues.

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Retirement.Retirement Strategies. Results for both the thirdsecond quarter and the first six months of 20212022 increased in comparison to the prior year period, primarily reflecting higher net investment spread results. Results for the first nine months of 2021 increased in comparison to the prior year period,periods, inclusive of a favorable comparative net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Excluding this item, results for both periods increased, primarily reflecting a gain from the sale of our equity interest in PALAC and market value gains on a strategic investment, as well as higher spread results and lower expenses, partially offset by lower fee income, net investment spread results.of distribution expenses and other associated costs.

Group Insurance. Results for both the thirdsecond quarter and first six months of 2021 decreased2022 increased in comparison to the prior year period, driven by lower underwriting results. Results for the first nine monthsinclusive of 2021 include an unfavorable comparative net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Excluding this item, results decreased in comparison to the prior year period, primarily reflecting lower underwriting results.

Individual Annuities. Results for the third quarter of 2021both periods increased, in comparison to the prior year period, primarily driven by higher fee income, net of distribution expenses and other associated costs, and highermore favorable underwriting results, partially offset by lower net investment spread results. Results for the first ninesix months of 2021 increased2022 also reflected higher expenses.

Individual Life. Results for both the second quarter and the first six months of 2022 decreased in comparison to the prior year period,periods, inclusive of a favorablean unfavorable comparative net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Excluding this item, results increased,for the second quarter of 2022 decreased, primarily driven by higher fee income,lower net spread results, partially offset by more favorable underwriting results. Results for the first six months of distribution expenses and other associated costs, and higher net investment spread2022 increased, primarily driven by less unfavorable underwriting results.

Individual Life.Assurance IQ. Results for both the thirdsecond quarter and the first six months of 2021 increased2022 decreased in comparison to the prior year period,periods, primarily driven by higher net investment spread results. Results for the first nine months of 2021 increased in comparison to the prior year period, inclusive of a favorable comparativereflecting an unfavorable net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Excluding this item, results increased,for both periods decreased, primarily driven by higher net investment spread results,reflecting a decrease in the Health Under 65 line. Results for the first six months of 2022 were partially offset by lower underwriting results.

Assurance IQ. Results for both the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021 decreased in comparison to the prior year periods, reflecting an increase in operating expenses supporting business growth, partially offset by higher revenues.the Medicare line.

International Businesses. Results for both the thirdsecond quarter and the first six months of 2021 increased2022 decreased in comparison to the prior year period, inclusive of an unfavorable net impact from foreign currency exchange rates, primarily driven by higher net investment spread results, higher earnings from our joint venture investments and lower expenses. Results for the first nine months of 2021 increased in comparison to the prior year period,periods, inclusive of an unfavorable net impact from foreign currency exchange rates and a favorablean unfavorable comparative net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Excluding these items, results increased,for both periods decreased, primarily driven by higherlower net investment spread results and morelower earnings from our joint venture investments, as well as higher expenses and less favorable underwriting results.

Corporate and Other. Results for the thirdsecond quarter reflect decreased losses in comparison to the prior year period, primarily driven by favorable pension and employee benefit results and lower interest expense on debt. Results for the first nine months of 20212022 reflected decreased losses in comparison to the prior year period, primarily driven by lower net charges from other corporate activities, favorable pension and employee benefit results and higher investment income. Results for the first six months of 2022 reflected decreased losses in comparison to the prior year period, primarily driven by favorable pension and employee benefit results and lower interest expense on debt.debt, partially offset by higher net charges from other corporate activities.

Closed Block Division. Results for both the thirdsecond quarter and the first ninesix months of 2021 increased2022 decreased in comparison to the prior year periods, primarily driven by higherlower net investment activity results, partially offset by an increasea reduction in the policyholder dividend obligation.

Segment Measures

Adjusted Operating Income. In managing our business, we analyze our segments’ operating performance using “adjusted operating income.” Adjusted operating income does not equate to “Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures” or “Net income (loss)” as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP but is the measure of segment profit or loss we use to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources and, consistent with authoritative guidance, is our measure of segment performance. The adjustments to derive adjusted operating income are important to an understanding of our overall results of operations. Adjusted operating income is not a substitute for income determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and our definition of adjusted operating income may differ from that used by other companies; however, we believe that the presentation of adjusted operating income as we measure it for management purposes enhances the understanding of our results of operations by highlighting the results from ongoing operations and the underlying profitability of our businesses.

See Note 13 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the presentation of segment results and our definition of adjusted operating income.

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Annualized New Business Premiums. In managing our Individual Life, Group Insurance and International Businesses, we analyze annualized new business premiums, which do not correspond to revenues under U.S. GAAP. Annualized new business premiums measure the current sales performance of the business, while revenues primarily reflect the renewal persistency of policies written in prior years and net investment income, in addition to current sales. Annualized new business premiums include 10% of first year premiums or deposits from single pay products. No other adjustments are made for limited pay contracts.
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The amount of annualized new business premiums for any given period can be significantly impacted by several factors, including but not limited to: addition of new products, discontinuation of existing products, changes in credited interest rates for certain products and other product modifications, changes in premium rates, changes in tax laws, changes in regulations or changes in the competitive environment. Sales volume may increase or decrease prior to certain of these changes becoming effective, and then fluctuate in the other direction following such changes.

Assets Under Management. In managing our PGIM business, we analyze assets under management (which do not correspond directly to U.S. GAAP assets) because the principal source of revenues is fees based on assets under management. Assets under management represent the fair market value or account value of assets whichthat we manage directly for institutional clients, retail clients, and for our general account, as well as assets invested in our products that are managed by third-party managers.

Account Values. In managing our Individual Annuities and Retirement businesses,Strategies business, we analyze account values, which do not correspond directly to U.S. GAAP assets. Net additions (withdrawals) in our Institutional Retirement Strategies business and sales (redemptions) in our Individual Annuities business and net additions (withdrawals) in our Retirement Strategies business do not correspond to revenues under U.S. GAAP but are used as a relevant measure of business activity.

Impact of Foreign Currency Exchange Rates

Foreign currency exchange rate movements and related hedging strategies
 
As a U.S.-based company with significant business operations outside the U.S., particularly in Japan, we are subject to foreign currency exchange rate movements that could impact our U.S. dollar (“USD”)-equivalent earnings and shareholder return on equity. Our USD-equivalent earnings could be materially affected by currency fluctuations from period to period, even if earnings on a local currency basis are relatively constant. Our USD-equivalent equity is impacted as the value of our investment in international operations may also fluctuate based on changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We seek to mitigate these impactsthis impact through various hedging strategies, including the use of derivative contracts and by holding USD-denominated assets in certain of our foreign subsidiaries.

In order to reduce earnings volatility from foreign currency exchange rate movements, we enter into forward currency derivative contracts to effectively fix the currency exchange rates for a portion of our prospective non-USD-denominated earnings streams. This forward currency hedging program is primarily associated with our insurance operations in Japan.

In order to reduce equity volatility from foreign currency exchange rate movements, we primarily utilize a yen hedging strategy that calibrates the hedge level to preserve the relative contribution of our yen-based business to the Company’s overall return on equity on a leverage neutral basis. We implement this hedging strategy utilizing a variety of instruments, including USD-denominated assets foreign currency derivative contracts, and dual currency and synthetic dual currency investments held locally in our Japanese insurance subsidiaries. The total hedge level may vary based on our periodic assessment of the relative contribution of our yen-based business to the Company’s overall return on equity.

The table below presents the aggregate amount of instruments that serve to hedge the impact of foreign currency exchange movements on our USD-equivalent shareholder return on equity from our Japanese insurance subsidiaries as of the dates indicated.
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September 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
(in billions) (in billions)
Foreign currency hedging instruments:Foreign currency hedging instruments:Foreign currency hedging instruments:
Hedging USD-equivalent earnings:
Forward currency contracts (notional amount outstanding)$0.2 $0.4 
Hedging USD-equivalent equity:
USD-denominated assets held in yen-based entities(1)USD-denominated assets held in yen-based entities(1)9.6 10.1 USD-denominated assets held in yen-based entities(1)$8.8 $9.5 
Dual currency and synthetic dual currency investments(2)Dual currency and synthetic dual currency investments(2)0.5 0.5 Dual currency and synthetic dual currency investments(2)0.4 0.5 
Total USD-equivalent equity foreign currency hedging instruments10.1 10.6 
Total foreign currency hedgesTotal foreign currency hedges$10.3 $11.0 Total foreign currency hedges$9.2 $10.0 
__________
(1)Includes USD-denominated fixed maturities at amortized cost plus any related accrued investment income, as well as USD notional amount of foreign currency derivative contracts outstanding. Note this amount represents only those USD assets serving to hedge the impact of foreign currency volatility on equity. Separate from this program, our Japanese operations also have $72.5 billion and $65.8$74.3 billion as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively, of USD-denominated assets supporting USD-denominated liabilities related to USD-denominated products.
(2)Dual currency and synthetic dual currency investments are held by our yen-based entities in the form of fixed maturities and loans with a yen-denominated principal component and USD-denominated interest income. The amounts shown represent the present value of future USD-denominated cash flows.

The USD-denominated investments that hedge the impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements on USD-equivalent earnings and shareholder return on equity from our Japanese insurance operations are reported within yen-based entities and, as a result, foreign currency exchange rate movements will impact their value reported within our yen-based Japanese insurance entities. We seek to mitigate the risk that future unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movements will decrease the value of these USD-denominated investments reported within our yen-based Japanese insurance entities, and therefore negatively impact their equity and regulatory solvency margins, by having our Japanese insurance operations enter into currency hedging transactions with a subsidiary of Prudential Financial. These hedging strategies have the economic effect
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of moving the change in value of these USD-denominated investments due to foreign currency exchange rate movements from our Japanese yen-based entities to our USD-based entities.

These USD-denominated investments also pay a coupon which is generally higher than what a similar yen-denominated investment would pay. The incremental impact of this higher yield on our USD-denominated investments, as well as our dual currency and synthetic dual currency investments, will vary over time, and is dependent on the duration of the underlying investments as well as interest rate environments in both the U.S. and Japan at the time of the investments.

Impact of intercompany foreign currency exchange rate arrangements on segment results of operations
 
The financial results of our International Businesses and PGIM reflect the impact of intercompany arrangements with our Corporate and Other operations pursuant to which these segments’ non-USD-denominated earnings are translated at fixed currency exchange rates. Results of our Corporate and Other operations include differences between the translation adjustments recorded by the segments at the fixed currency exchange rate versus the actual average rate during the period. In addition, specific to our International Businesses where we hedge certain currencies, the results of our Corporate and Other operations also include the impact of any gains or losses recorded from the forward currency contracts that settled during the period, which include the impact of any over or under hedging of actual earnings that differ from projected earnings.

For our International Businesses, the fixed currency exchange rates are generally determined in connection with a foreign currency income hedging program designed to mitigate the impact of exchange rate changes on the segment’s expected USD-equivalent earnings. Pursuant to this program, our Corporate and Other operations execute forward currency contracts with third-parties to sell the net exposure of projected earnings for certain currencies in exchange for USD at specified exchange rates. The maturities of these contracts correspond with the future periods (typically on a three-year rolling basis) in which the identified non-USD-denominated earnings are expected to be generated. In establishing the level of non-USD-denominated earnings that will be hedged through this program, we exclude the anticipated level of USD-denominated earnings that will be generated by USD-denominated products and investments. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, approximately 6% of the segment’s earnings were yen-based and, as of September 30, 2021, we have hedged 100%, 97% and 61% of expected yen-based earnings for 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. To the extent currently unhedged, our International Businesses’ future expected USD-equivalent of yen-based earnings will be impacted by yen exchange rate movements.
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As a result of these arrangements, our International Businesses’ results for 2021 and 2020 reflect the impact of translating yen-denominated earnings at fixed currency exchange rates of 103 and 104 yen per USD, respectively. We expect our 2022 results to reflect the impact of translating yen-denominated earnings at a fixed currency exchange rate of 104 yen per USD. Since determination of the fixed currency exchange rates for a given year is impacted by changes in foreign currency exchange rates over time, the segment’s future earnings will ultimately be impacted by these changes in exchange rates.

For PGIM and certain other currencies within our International Businesses and PGIM, the fixed currency exchange rates for the current year are predetermined during the third quarter of the prior year using forward currency exchange rates.
 
The table below presents, for the periods indicated, the increase (decrease) to revenues and adjusted operating income for the International Businesses, PGIM and Corporate and Other operations, reflecting the impact of these intercompany arrangements. 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021202020212020 2022202120222021
(in millions) (in millions)
Segment impacts of intercompany arrangements:Segment impacts of intercompany arrangements:Segment impacts of intercompany arrangements:
International BusinessesInternational Businesses$$15 $$46 International Businesses$(19)$$(16)$
PGIMPGIM(3)(1)(1)PGIM(1)(1)
Impact of intercompany arrangements(1)Impact of intercompany arrangements(1)12 45 Impact of intercompany arrangements(1)(18)(1)(13)
Corporate and Other:Corporate and Other:Corporate and Other:
Impact of intercompany arrangements(1)Impact of intercompany arrangements(1)(6)(12)(6)(45)Impact of intercompany arrangements(1)18 13 
Settlement gains (losses) on forward currency contracts(2)Settlement gains (losses) on forward currency contracts(2)15 21 57 Settlement gains (losses) on forward currency contracts(2)11 22 14 
Net benefit (detriment) to Corporate and OtherNet benefit (detriment) to Corporate and Other15 12 Net benefit (detriment) to Corporate and Other29 35 14 
Net impact on consolidated revenues and adjusted operating incomeNet impact on consolidated revenues and adjusted operating income$$15 $21 $57 Net impact on consolidated revenues and adjusted operating income$11 $$22 $14 
__________ 
(1)Represents the difference between non-USD-denominated earnings translated on the basis of weighted average monthly currency exchange rates versus fixed currency exchange rates determined in connection with the foreign currency income hedging program.
(2)As of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, the total notional amounts of these forward currency contracts within our Corporate and Other operations were $0.8$0.5 billion and $1.0$0.9 billion, respectively, of which $0.2 billion and $0.4 billion, respectively, were related to our Japanese insurance operations.respectively.

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Impact of products denominated in non-local currencies on U.S. GAAP earnings
 
While our international insurance operations offer products denominated in local currency, several also offer products denominated in non-local currencies. This is most notable in our Japanese operations, which currently offer primarily USD-denominated products, but have also historically offered Australian dollar (“AUD”)-denominated products. The non-local currency-denominated insurance liabilities related to these products are supported by investments denominated in corresponding currencies, including a significant portion designated as available-for-sale. While the impact from foreign currency exchange rate movements on these non-local currency-denominated assets and liabilities is economically matched, differences in the accounting for changes in the value of these assets and liabilities due to changes in foreign currency exchange rate movements have historically resulted in volatility in U.S. GAAP earnings.

In 2015,As a result, we implemented a structure in Gibraltar Life’s operations that disaggregated the USD- and AUD-denominated businesses into separate divisions, each with its own functional currency that aligns with the underlying products and investments. The result of this alignment was to reduce differences in the accounting for changes in the value of these assets and liabilities that arise due to changes in foreign currency exchange rate movements. For the USD- and AUD-denominated assets that were transferred under this structure, the net cumulative unrealized investment gains associated with foreign exchange remeasurement that were recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” (“AOCI”) totaled $2.1$1.8 billion and $2.3$2.0 billion as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively, and will be recognized in earnings within “Realized investment gains (losses), net” over time as these assets mature or are sold. Absent the sale of any of these assets prior to their stated maturity, approximately 3%5% of the $2.1$1.8 billion balance as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 will be recognized throughout the remainder of 2021,2022, approximately 13%7% will be recognized in 2022,2023, and the remaining balance will be recognized from 20232024 through 2051.

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Highly inflationary economy in Argentina

Our insurance operations in Argentina, Prudential of Argentina (“POA”), have historically utilized the Argentine peso as the functional currency given it is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates. During 2018, Argentina experienced a cumulative inflation rate that exceeded 100% over a 3-year period. As a result, Argentina’s economy was deemed to be highly inflationary, resulting in reporting changes effective July 1, 2018. Under U.S. GAAP, the financial statements of a foreign entity in a highly inflationary economy are to be remeasured as if its functional currency (formerly the Argentine peso) is the reporting currency of its parent reporting entity (the USD) on a prospective basis. While this changed how the results of POA are remeasured and/or translated into USD, the impact to our financial statements was not material nor is it expected to be material in future periods given the relative size of our POA operations. It should also be noted that due to the macroeconomic environment in Argentina, the majority of POA’s balance sheet consists of USD-denominated product liabilities supported by USD-denominated assets. As a result, this accounting change serves to reduce the remeasurement impact reflected in net income given that the functional currency and currency in which the assets and liabilities are denominated will be more closely aligned.

Accounting Policies & Pronouncements

Application of Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the application of accounting policies that often involve a significant degree of judgment. Management, on an ongoing basis, reviews estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of financial statements. If management determines that modifications in assumptions and estimates are appropriate given current facts and circumstances, the Company’s results of operations and financial position as reported in the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements could change significantly.

Management believes the accounting policies relating to the following areas are most dependent on the application of estimates and assumptions and require management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments:

DAC, deferred sales inducements (“DSI”) and VOBA;
Policyholder liabilities;
Goodwill;
Valuation of investments including derivatives, measurement of allowance for credit losses, and recognition of other-than-temporary impairments (“OTTI”);
Pension and other postretirement benefits;
Taxes on income; and
Reserves for contingencies, including reserves for losses in connection with unresolved legal matters.
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Market Performance - Equity and Interest Rate Assumptions 

DAC, DSI and VOBA, associated with the variable and universal life policies of our Individual Life and International Businesses segments and the variable and fixed annuity contracts of our Individual AnnuitiesRetirement Strategies and International Businesses segments, are generally amortized over the expected lives of these policies in proportion to total gross profits. Total gross profits include both actual gross profits and estimates of gross profits for future periods. The quarterly adjustments for market performance reflect the impact of changes to our estimate of total gross profits to reflect actual fund performance and market conditions. A significant portion of gross profits for our variable annuity contracts and, to a lesser degree, our variable life contracts are dependent upon the total rate of return on assets held in separate account investment options. This rate of return influences the fees we earn on variable annuity and variable life contracts, costs we incur associated with the guaranteed minimum death and guaranteed minimum income benefit features related to our variable annuity contracts and expected claims to be paid on variable life contracts, as well as other sources of profit. Returns that are higher than our expectations for a given period produce higher than expected account balances, which increase the future fees we expect to earn on variable annuity and variable life contracts and decrease the future costs we expect to incur associated with the guaranteed minimum death and guaranteed minimum income benefit features related to our variable annuity contracts and expected claims to be paid on variable life contracts. The opposite occurs when returns are lower than our expectations. The changes in future expected gross profits are used to recognize a cumulative adjustment to all prior periods’ amortization.

Furthermore, the calculation of the estimated liability for future policy benefits related to certain insurance products includes an estimate of associated revenues and expenses that are dependent on both historical market performance as well as estimates of market performance in the future. Similar to DAC, DSI and VOBA described above, these liabilities are subject to quarterly adjustments for experience including market performance, in addition to annual adjustments resulting from our annual reviews of assumptions.
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The weighted average rate of return assumptions used in developing estimated market returns consider many factors specific to each product type, including asset durations, asset allocations and other factors. With regard to equity market assumptions, the near-term future rate of return assumption used in evaluating DAC, DSI and VOBA and liabilities for future policy benefits for certain of our products, primarily our domestic variable annuity and domestic and international variable life insurance products, is generally updated each quarter and is derived using a reversion to the mean approach, a common industry practice. Under this approach, we consider historical equity returns and adjust projected equity returns over an initial future period of five years (the “near-term”) so that equity returns converge to the long-term expected rate of return. If the near-term projected future rate of return is greater than our near-term maximum future rate of return of 15.0%, we use our maximum future rate of return. If the near-term projected future rate of return is lower than our near-term minimum future rate of return of 0%, we use our minimum future rate of return. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, our domestic variable annuities and variable life insurance businesses assume an 8.0% long-term equity expected rate of return and a 0.4%6.4% near-term mean reversion equity expected rate of return, and our international variable life insurance business assumes a 4.8% long-term equity expected rate of return and a 0%3.0% near-term mean reversion equity expected rate of return.

With regard to interest rate assumptions used in evaluating DAC, DSI and VOBA and liabilities for future policy benefits for certain of our products, we update the long-term and near-term future rates used to project fixed income returns annually and quarterly, respectively. As a result of our 20212022 annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, we kept our long-term expectation of the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate and 10-year Japanese Government Bond yield unchanged and continue to grade to rates of 3.25% and 1.00%, respectively, over ten years. As part of our quarterly market experience updates, we update our near-term projections of interest rates to reflect changes in current rates.

For afurther discussion of the impactimpacts that could result from changes in certain key assumptions, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Accounting Policies and Pronouncements—Sensitivities for Insurance Assets and Liabilities”Application of Critical Accounting Estimates” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

Future Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements

ASU 2018-12, Financial ServicesServices—Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts, was issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”)FASB on August 15, 2018. In October 2019, the FASB issued2018, and was amended by ASU 2019-09, Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944): Effective Dateto affirm its decision to defer the effective date of ASU 2018-12 to January 1, 2022 (with early adoption permitted), representing a one year extension from the original effective date of January 1, 2021. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic,issued in November 2020 the FASB issuedOctober 2019, and ASU 2020-11, Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Effective Date and Early Applicationto defer for an additional one year the effective date of, issued in November 2020. The Company will adopt ASU 2018-12 from January 1, 2022 toeffective January 1, 2023 and to provideusing the modified retrospective transition relief to facilitate the early adoption of the ASU. The transition relief would allow large calendar-year public companies that early adopt ASU 2018-12 to apply the guidance either as of January 1, 2020 or January 1, 2021 (and record transition adjustments as of January 1, 2020 or January 1, 2021, respectively) in the 2022 financial statements. Companies that do not early adopt ASU 2018-12 wouldmethod where permitted, and apply the guidance as of January 1, 2021 (and record transition adjustments as of January 1, 2021) in the 2023 financial statements.

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The Company currently intendshas an established governance framework to adopt ASU 2018-12 effective January 1, 2023 usingmanage the modified retrospective transition method where permitted.implementation of the standard. The Company’s implementation efforts continue to progress including, but not limited to, implementing refinements to key accounting policy decisions, modifications to actuarial valuation models, updates to data sourcing capabilities, automation of key financial reporting and analytical processes and updates to internal control over financial reporting.

ASU 2018-12 will impact, at least to some extent, the accounting and disclosure requirements for all long-duration insurance and investment contracts issued by the Company. The Company expects the standard to have a significant financial impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements and it requireswill significantly enhancedincrease disclosures. As of the January 1, 2021 transition date, the Company estimates that implementation of the standard will result in a decrease to Retained Earnings of approximately $2 billion to $3 billion primarily from reclassifying the cumulative effect of changes in non-performance risk from retained earnings to AOCI and other changes in reserves, and will result in a decrease to AOCI of approximately $40 billion to $45 billion primarily from remeasuring in-force contract liabilities using current upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yields. As of December 31, 2021, these estimates decline to a decrease to Retained Earnings of approximately $1 billion to $2 billion and a decrease to AOCI of approximately $28 billion to $33 billion primarily due to the increase in interest rates during 2021. In addition to significantthe impacts to the balance sheet, upon adoption, the Company also expects an impact to the pattern of earnings emergence following the transition date. See Note 2 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for a more detailed discussion of ASU 2018-12, as well as other accounting pronouncements issued but not yet adopted and newly adopted accounting pronouncements.

Results of Operations by Segment

PGIM

Business Updates

In March 2021, we sold our 35% ownership stake in Pramerica SGR, an asset management joint venture in Italy, to our partner UBI Banca, (acquired in 2020 by Intesa Sanpaolo Group), resulting in a pre-tax gain of $378 million. See Note 1 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
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In August 2021, we completed the acquisition of Montana Capital Partners, a European-based private equity secondaries asset manager with approximately $3 billion of assets under management.
In October 2021, we signed a definitive agreement to acquire Green Harvest Asset Management LLC, a separately managed account platform providing customized solutions for the high net worth market, subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions.

Operating Results

The following table sets forth PGIM’s operating results for the periods indicated.indicated:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
20212020202120202022202120222021
(in millions)(in millions)
Operating results(1):Operating results(1):Operating results(1):
Revenues(2)Revenues(2)$1,072 $1,066 $3,395 $2,801 Revenues(2)$829 $1,009 $1,755 $2,323 
ExpensesExpenses745 696 2,102 1,943 Expenses623 694 1,361 1,357 
Adjusted operating incomeAdjusted operating income327 370 1,293 858 Adjusted operating income206 315 394 966 
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustmentsRealized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(2)(1)Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(2)(1)(5)(3)
Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interestsEquity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests38 15 35 (27)Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests(14)25 (7)(3)
Other adjustments(2)(3)Other adjustments(2)(3)(2)(2)Other adjustments(2)(3)(8)
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint venturesIncome (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$365 $383 $1,325 $832 Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$194 $339 $374 $960 
 __________
(1)Certain of PGIM’s investment activities are based in currencies other than the U.S. dollar and are therefore subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk. The financial results of PGIM include the impact of an intercompany arrangement with our Corporate and Other operations designed to mitigate the impact of exchange rate changes on PGIM’s U.S. dollar-equivalent earnings. For more information related to this intercompany arrangement, see “—Results of Operations—Impact of Foreign Currency Exchange Rates,” above.
(2)Revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2021 include a $378 million pre-tax gain related to the sale of our 35% ownership stake in Pramerica SGR, an asset management joint venture in Italy.
(3)Includes certain components of consideration for business acquisitions, which are recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service periods.

Adjusted Operating Income

Three Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income decreased $43$109 million, primarily reflecting lowera decrease in other related revenues, net of related expenses, primarily driven by the absence of more favorablea decrease in seed and co-investment results from the impact of tightening credit spreads on fixed income investments in the prior year period, and lower performance-based incentive feesco-investments reflecting the absence of significant fees earned in the prior year period.investment underperformance. Also contributing to the decrease were higher operating expenses due to business growth, as well asand lower asset management fees, net of related expenses.

Six Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income decreased $572 million, primarily reflecting a decrease in service, distribution and other revenues, driven by the absence of earnings from our Pramerica SGR joint venture that was solda gain in the first quarter of 2021. These decreases were partially offset by higher asset management fees, net of related expenses, due to higher average assets under management as a result of market appreciation, including strong investment performance, and third-party inflows.

Nine Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $435 million, primarily reflecting an increase in service, distribution and other revenues driven by a gainprior year period from the sale of our Pramerica SGR joint venture, in the current year period and higher asset management fees, net of related expenses, due to higher average assets under management as a result of market appreciation, including strong investment performance, and third-party inflows. The increases were partially offset by higher compensation expenses associated with business growth and certain long-term employee compensation plans, and lower other related revenues, net of related expenses, primarily driven by the absenceand higher operating and compensation expenses. Asset
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management fees were relatively flat in comparison to the prior year period.period as lower asset management fee revenue was offset by lower related expenses.

Revenues and Expenses

The following table sets forth PGIM’s revenues, presented on a basis consistent with the table above under “—Operating Results,” by type.type:
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Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
20212020202120202022202120222021
(in millions)(in millions)
Revenues by type:Revenues by type:Revenues by type:
Asset management fees by source:Asset management fees by source:Asset management fees by source:
Institutional customersInstitutional customers$366 $345 $1,063 $998 Institutional customers$357 $349 $720 $697 
Retail customers(1)Retail customers(1)332 262 941 718 Retail customers(1)274 307 575 609 
General accountGeneral account149 143 441 417 General account125 147 270 292 
Total asset management feesTotal asset management fees847 750 2,445 2,133 Total asset management fees756 803 1,565 1,598 
Other related revenues by source:Other related revenues by source:Other related revenues by source:
Incentive feesIncentive fees26 43 77 78 Incentive fees24 10 51 
Transaction feesTransaction fees14 13 Transaction fees
Seed and co-investmentsSeed and co-investments50 46 87 Seed and co-investments(18)33 (39)38 
Commercial mortgage(2)Commercial mortgage(2)53 67 123 126 Commercial mortgage(2)24 25 56 70 
Total other related revenuesTotal other related revenues92 165 260 304 Total other related revenues17 86 36 168 
Service, distribution and other revenues(3)Service, distribution and other revenues(3)133 151 690 364 Service, distribution and other revenues(3)56 120 154 557 
Total revenuesTotal revenues$1,072 $1,066 $3,395 $2,801 Total revenues$829 $1,009 $1,755 $2,323 
__________
(1)Consists of fees from: individual mutual funds and variable annuities and variable life insurance separate account assets; funds invested in proprietary mutual funds through our defined contribution plan products; and third-party sub-advisory relationships. Revenues from fixed annuities and the fixed-rate accounts of variable annuities and variable life insurance are included in the general account.
(2)Includes mortgage origination revenues from our commercial mortgage origination and servicing business.
(3)Results for the six months ended June 30, 2021 include a $378 million pre-tax gain related to the sale of our 35% ownership stake in Pramerica SGR, an asset management joint venture in Italy.

Three Month Comparison. Revenues increased $6 million. Asset management fees increaseddecreased $180 million, primarily reflecting higher average assets under management asdue to a result of market appreciation, including strong investment performance, and third-party inflows. Otherdecrease in other related revenues decreased primarily driven by the absence of more favorablelower seed and co-investmentco-investments results from the impact of tightening credit spreads in the prior year period, and lower performance-based incentive fees, reflecting investment underperformance. Service, distribution and other revenues decreased, primarily reflecting lower revenues from certain consolidated funds (which were fully offset by lower expenses related to noncontrolling interests in these funds). Also contributing to the decrease were lower asset management fees primarily due to a decrease in average assets under management, driven by market depreciation reflecting higher interest rates and credit spreads, as well as unfavorable equity markets.

Expenses decreased $71 million, primarily reflecting lower variable expenses associated with a decrease in overall segment earnings and lower revenues of certain consolidated funds, as discussed above. The decrease was partially offset by higher operating expenses primarily driven by an increase in travel and entertainment costs.

Six Month Comparison. the absence of significant fees earned in the prior year period.Revenues decreased $568 million. Service, distribution and other revenues decreased, primarily reflecting the saleabsence of our Pramerica SGR joint venturea gain in the first quarter of 2021.

Expenses increased $49 million, primarily reflecting higher operational and compensation expenses associated with business growth, and higher variable expenses driven by an increase in asset management fees.

Nine Month Comparison. Revenues increased $594 million. Service, distribution and other revenues increased primarily reflecting a gainprior year period from the sale of our Pramerica SGR joint venture inventure. Other related revenues decreased primarily driven by lower seed and co-investments results and lower performance-based incentive fees, reflecting investment underperformance, and lower commercial mortgage origination revenues primarily driven by higher interest rates. Also contributing to the current year period. Assetdecrease were lower asset management fees, increasednet of related expenses, primarily reflecting higherdue to a decrease in average assets under management, driven by market depreciation reflecting higher interest rates and credit spreads, as a result of market appreciation, including strong investment performance, and third-party inflows.well as unfavorable equity markets.

Expenses increased $159$4 million, primarily reflecting higher variableoperating expenses primarily driven by an increase in asset management fees,travel and entertainment, and higher compensation expenses, drivenpartially offset by business growth and certain long-term employee compensation plans tied to performance factors.lower variable expenses primarily associated with a decrease in overall segment earnings.

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Assets Under Management

The following table sets forth assets under management by asset class as of the dates indicated.indicated:
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020September 30, 2020(1) June 30, 2022December 31, 2021June 30, 2021
(in billions) (in billions)
Assets Under Management(2) (at fair value):
Assets Under Management(1) (at fair value):Assets Under Management(1) (at fair value):
Public equityPublic equity$208.4 $202.4 $179.0 Public equity$149.1 $216.2 $212.6 
Public fixed incomePublic fixed income985.6 1,004.5 981.0 Public fixed income800.5 980.7 987.4 
Real estateReal estate128.7 121.5 118.7 Real estate131.8 132.6 125.6 
Private credit and other alternativesPrivate credit and other alternatives109.1 106.5 103.3 Private credit and other alternatives103.2 108.7 104.8 
Multi-assetMulti-asset82.1 63.7 61.1 Multi-asset72.8 85.6 81.0 
Total PGIM assets under managementTotal PGIM assets under management$1,513.9 $1,498.6 $1,443.1 Total PGIM assets under management$1,257.4 $1,523.8 $1,511.4 
Assets under management within other reporting segments(3)(2)Assets under management within other reporting segments(3)(2)212.7 222.3 205.0 Assets under management within other reporting segments(3)(2)152.2 218.5 218.6 
Total PFI assets under managementTotal PFI assets under management$1,726.6 $1,720.9 $1,648.1 Total PFI assets under management$1,409.6 $1,742.3 $1,730.0 
__________
(1)Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation.
(2)“Public equity” represents stock ownership interest in a corporation or partnership (excluding hedge funds) or real estate investment trust. “Public fixed income” represents debt instruments that pay interest and usually have a maturity (excluding mortgages). “Real estate” includes direct real estate equity and real estate mortgages. “Private credit and other alternatives” includes private credit, private equity, hedge funds and other alternative strategies. “Multi-asset” includes funds or products that invest in more than one asset class, balancing equity and fixed income funds and target date funds.
(3)(2)Primarily includes assets related to certain product-related assetsannuity, variable life, retirement and group life products in our U.S. Businesses and Corporate & Other operations, and certain general account assets in our International Businesses. These assets are not directly managed by PGIM, but rather are invested in non-proprietary funds or are managed by either the divisions themselves or by our Chief Investment Officer Organization.

PGIM’s assets under management as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 increased $71decreased $254 billion in comparison to the prior year quarter primarily reflecting market appreciation including strong investment performance, and increased $15$266 billion in comparison to the prior year end, primarily reflectingdriven by market appreciation.depreciation resulting from higher interest rates and credit spreads, as well as unfavorable equity markets. The decreases also reflect a reduction in assets under management from the sales of the Full Service Retirement business and PALAC, and unfavorable foreign exchange rate impacts.

The following table sets forth assets under management by source as of the dates indicated.indicated:

September 30, 2021December 31, 2020September 30, 2020 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021June 30, 2021
(in billions) (in billions)
Assets Under Management(1) (at fair value):Assets Under Management(1) (at fair value):Assets Under Management(1) (at fair value):
Institutional customersInstitutional customers$625.3 $614.9 $591.0 Institutional customers$560.7 $629.4 $618.6 
Retail customersRetail customers395.4 372.0 343.0 Retail customers314.3 401.4 401.2 
General accountGeneral account493.2 511.7 509.1 General account382.4 493.0 491.6 
Total PGIM assets under managementTotal PGIM assets under management$1,513.9 $1,498.6 $1,443.1 Total PGIM assets under management$1,257.4 $1,523.8 $1,511.4 
Assets under management within other reporting segments(2)Assets under management within other reporting segments(2)212.7 222.3 205.0 Assets under management within other reporting segments(2)152.2 218.5 218.6 
Total PFI assets under managementTotal PFI assets under management$1,726.6 $1,720.9 $1,648.1 Total PFI assets under management$1,409.6 $1,742.3 $1,730.0 
__________
(1)“Institutional customers” consist of third-party institutional assets and group insurance contracts. “Retail customers” consist of individual mutual funds and variable annuities and variable life insurance separate account assets, funds invested in proprietary mutual funds through our defined contribution plan products, and third-party sub-advisory relationships. “General account” also includes fixed annuities and the fixed-rate accounts of variable annuities and variable life insurance.
(2)Primarily includes assets related to certain product-related assetsannuity, variable life, retirement and group life products in our U.S. Businesses and Corporate & Other operations, and certain general account assets in our International Businesses. These assets are not directly managed by PGIM, but rather are invested in non-proprietary funds or are managed by either the divisions themselves or by our Chief Investment Officer Organization.

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The following table sets forth the component changes in PGIM’s assets under management for the periods indicated.indicated:
 
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,Twelve
Months
Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Twelve
Months
Ended
June 30,
20212020(1)20212020(1)202120222021202220212022
(in billions) (in billions)
Beginning assets under managementBeginning assets under management$1,511.4 $1,394.5 $1,498.6 $1,331.0 $1,443.1 Beginning assets under management$1,414.6 $1,451.3 $1,523.8 $1,498.6 $1,511.4 
Institutional third-party flowsInstitutional third-party flows0.7 2.0 7.4 0.5 9.9 Institutional third-party flows8.1 5.6 8.4 6.7 12.6 
Retail third-party flowsRetail third-party flows(0.4)5.3 3.7 13.4 7.5 Retail third-party flows(8.3)(0.3)(12.9)4.1 (16.9)
Total third-party flowsTotal third-party flows0.3 7.3 11.1 13.9 17.4 Total third-party flows(0.2)5.3 (4.5)10.8 (4.3)
Affiliated flows(2)(1)Affiliated flows(2)(1)6.1 (1.5)(3.5)(4.9)(7.1)Affiliated flows(2)(1)7.5 (6.2)7.0 (9.6)4.4 
Market appreciation (depreciation)(3)(2)Market appreciation (depreciation)(3)(2)0.3 43.0 17.2 82.6 81.3 Market appreciation (depreciation)(3)(2)(122.5)60.2 (221.8)16.9 (203.3)
Foreign exchange rate impactForeign exchange rate impact(1.4)3.4 (9.1)2.7 (5.0)Foreign exchange rate impact(11.6)(0.3)(16.7)(7.7)(21.4)
Net money market activity and other increases (decreases)(3)Net money market activity and other increases (decreases)(3)(2.8)(3.6)(0.4)17.8 (15.8)Net money market activity and other increases (decreases)(3)(30.4)1.1 (30.4)2.4 (29.4)
Ending assets under managementEnding assets under management$1,513.9 $1,443.1 $1,513.9 $1,443.1 $1,513.9 Ending assets under management$1,257.4 $1,511.4 $1,257.4 $1,511.4 $1,257.4 
__________
(1)Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation.
(2)Represents assets that PGIM manages for the benefit of other reporting segments within the Company. Additions and withdrawals of these assets are attributable to third-party product inflows and outflows in other reporting segments.
(3)(2)Includes income reinvestment, where applicable.
(3)Results for the three months, six months and twelve months ended June 30, 2022 includes a reduction in assets under management from the sales of the Retirement Full Service business and PALAC.

Private Capital Deployment

Private capital deployment is indicative of the pace and magnitude of capital that is invested and will result in future revenues that may include management fees, transaction fees, incentive fees and servicing revenues, as well as future costs to manage these assets.

Private capital deployment represents the gross value of private capital invested in real estate debt and equity, and private credit and equity asset classes. Assets under management resulting from private capital deployment are included in “Real estate” and “Private credit and other alternatives” in the “—Assets Under Management— by asset class table” above. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, these assets increaseddecreased approximately $7.1$6.0 billion compared to December 31, 2020, primarily2021, primarily reflecting private capital deployed, partially offset by capital returned to investors. market depreciation.

Private capital deployment includes PGIM’s real estate agency debt business, which consists of agency commercial loans that are originated and sold to third party investors. PGIM continues to service these commercial loans; however, they are not included in assets under management.

The following table sets forth PGIM’s private capital deployed by asset class for the periods indicated.indicated:

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20212020202120202022202120222021
(in billions) (in billions)
Private capital deployed:Private capital deployed:Private capital deployed:
Real estate debt and equityReal estate debt and equity$8.6 $6.2 $20.8 $14.1 Real estate debt and equity$9.0 $6.4 $14.6 $12.2 
Private credit and equityPrivate credit and equity3.2 3.0 9.8 7.8 Private credit and equity5.9 4.5 9.9 6.6 
Total private capital deployedTotal private capital deployed$11.8 $9.2 $30.6 $21.9 Total private capital deployed$14.9 $10.9 $24.5 $18.8 

Seed and Co-Investments

As of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, PGIM had approximately $1,181$1,053 million and $1,205$1,175 million of seed investments and $561$462 million and $685$517 million of co-investments at carrying value, respectively, primarily consisting of public fixed income, public equity and real estate investments.

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U.S. Businesses

Operating Results
 
The following table sets forth the operating results for our U.S. Businesses for the periods indicated.indicated:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
20212020(1)2021(1)2020(1) 20222021(1)20222021(1)
(in millions)(in millions)
Adjusted operating income before income taxes:Adjusted operating income before income taxes:Adjusted operating income before income taxes:
U.S. Businesses:U.S. Businesses:U.S. Businesses:
Retirement$571 $347 $1,635 $860 
Retirement StrategiesRetirement Strategies$1,703 $922 $2,743 $1,980 
Group InsuranceGroup Insurance(135)22 (250)71 Group Insurance53 17 (58)(115)
Individual Annuities499 408 1,415 1,030 
Individual LifeIndividual Life210 101 312 17 Individual Life(1,325)146 (1,274)102 
Assurance IQAssurance IQ(55)(30)(132)(69)Assurance IQ(61)(38)(98)(77)
Total U.S. BusinessesTotal U.S. Businesses1,090 848 2,980 1,909 Total U.S. Businesses370 1,047 1,313 1,890 
Reconciling Items:
Reconciling items:Reconciling items:
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustmentsRealized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments20 584 1,769 (1,869)Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(1,348)(170)(1,643)1,749 
Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), netCharges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(6)(62)(233)(328)Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(246)(590)(227)
Market experience updatesMarket experience updates(199)(130)331 (974)Market experience updates496 223 492 530 
Other adjustments(2)Other adjustments(2)(7)(12)(33)65 Other adjustments(2)(4)(13)(9)(26)
Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interestsEquity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interestsEquity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint venturesIncome (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$899 $1,229 $4,817 $(1,195)Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$(731)$1,098 $(435)$3,918 
________
(1)Effective third quarter of 2021, the results of the Full Service Retirement business are included in the Divested and Run-off Businesses in Corporate and Other. Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation. See Note 1 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about this disposition.information.
(2)Represents adjustments not included in the above reconciling items. Also includesIncludes certain components of the consideration for the Assurance IQ acquisition,business acquisitions, which are recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service periods, as well as changes in the fair value of the associated contingent consideration. See Note 14 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Three Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income for our U.S. Businesses increaseddecreased by $242$677 million primarily due to:

HigherAn unfavorable comparative net investment spread resultsimpact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, primarily reflecting a net charge from these updates in the second quarter of 2022 in our Individual Life business, mainly driven by higher income on non-coupon investments;unfavorable impacts related to assumptions for policyholder behavior and mortality;

HigherLower fee income, net of distribution expenses and other associated costs, primarily in our Individual Annuities business.Retirement Strategies business due to a reduction in account values as a result of the sale of our equity interest in PALAC; and

Lower net investment spread results driven by lower income on non-coupon investments.

Partially offsetting these increases were lowerdecreases was a gain in our Individual Retirement Strategies business from the sale of PALAC; and

Higher underwriting results primarily driven by higher COVID-19 relatedreflecting improved mortality claimsexperience and more favorable disability results in our Group Insurance business.

NineSix Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income for our U.S. Businesses increaseddecreased by $1,071$577 million primarily due to:

HigherAn unfavorable comparative net investment spread resultsimpact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, primarily reflecting a net charge from these updates in the second quarter of 2022 in our Individual Life business, mainly driven by higher income on non-coupon investments;unfavorable impacts related to assumptions for policyholder behavior and mortality; and

HigherLower fee income, net of distribution expenses and other associated costs, primarily in our Individual Annuities business; andRetirement Strategies business due to a reduction in account values as a result of the sale of our equity interest in PALAC.

A favorable comparative net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements.

Partially offsetting these increases were lower underwriting results primarily driven by COVID-19 related mortality claims in our Group Insurance and Individual Life businesses.
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Partially offsetting these decreases was a gain in our Individual Retirement Strategies business from the sale of PALAC; and

Higher underwriting results, including lower COVID-19 related mortality claims, in our Individual Life and Group Insurance businesses, as well as more favorable disability results in our Group Insurance business, partially offset by lower COVID-19 related gains in our Institutional Retirement Strategies business.


Retirement Strategies

In October 2021, the Company announced the creation of Retirement Strategies, a new U.S. business that would serve the retirement needs of both our institutional and individual customers by bringing the institutional investment and pension solutions offered through our Retirement business together with the financial solutions and capabilities of our Individual Annuities business. As of the second quarter of 2022, this new structure has been fully operationalized; therefore, the results of our former Retirement segment (now known as the “Institutional Retirement Strategies” operating segment) and our former Individual Annuities segment (now known as the “Individual Retirement Strategies” operating segment) have been aggregated into the Retirement Strategies segment. Prior periods have been updated to conform to this new presentation.

Business UpdateUpdates

In July 2021,April 2022, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sellcompleted the sale of its Full Service Retirement business to Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company (“Great-West”). The transaction involvesinvolved the sale of legal entities, reinsurance, and the transfer of contracts and brokerage accounts and is expected to close by the end of the first quarter of 2022, subject to the receipt of regulatory approvals and the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.Great-West. See Note 1 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Beginning within the third quarter of 2021, the Company is reportingreported the assets and liabilities of the Full Service Retirement business as “held-for-sale” and has transferred the results of this business to Divested and Run-off Businesses within Corporate and Other operations. As such, the following results for the Institutional Retirement Strategies operating segment are now solely reflective of the Company’s Institutional Investment Products business. All prior period amounts have been restated to conform to current period presentation. As such,

In April 2022, the following results are now solely reflectiveCompany completed the sale of Retirement’s Institutional Investment Products business.its equity interest in PALAC, which represented a portion of its in-force traditional variable annuity block of business, to Fortitude Group Holdings, LLC, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $852 million. See “Business—Retirement” includedNote 1 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Beginning in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K forthird quarter of 2021, the year ended December 31, 2020 for more information aboutCompany reported the Institutional Investment Products business.assets and liabilities of this block of business as “held-for-sale” with the results continuing to be reported within the former Individual Annuities segment’s operating results until the sale was completed.


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Operating Results

The following table sets forth Retirement’sRetirement Strategies’ operating results for the periods indicated.indicated:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2021202020212020
(in millions)
Operating results:
Revenues$8,386 $2,193 $12,658 $6,647 
Benefits and expenses7,815 1,846 11,023 5,787 
Adjusted operating income571 347 1,635 860 
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments107 111 17 81 
Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(5)(5)
Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$682 $466 $1,650 $938 

Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2022202120222021
(in millions)
Operating results:
Revenues:
Institutional Retirement Strategies$2,794 $2,170 $5,437 $4,272 
Individual Retirement Strategies1,984 1,228 3,191 2,427 
Total revenues4,778 3,398 8,628 6,699 
Benefits and expenses:
Institutional Retirement Strategies2,396 1,720 4,471 3,208 
Individual Retirement Strategies679 756 1,414 1,511 
Total benefits and expenses3,075 2,476 5,885 4,719 
Adjusted operating income:
Institutional Retirement Strategies398 450 966 1,064 
Individual Retirement Strategies1,305 472 1,777 916 
Total adjusted operating income1,703 922 2,743 1,980 
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(708)(296)(478)1,809 
Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(135)16 (522)(378)
Market experience updates233 228 133 404 
Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$1,094 $872 $1,878 $3,817 

Adjusted Operating Income

Three Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $224 million, primarily driven by higher net investment spread results, reflecting higher income on non-coupon investments.

Nine Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $775from our Institutional Retirement Strategies business decreased $52 million, including a favorable comparative net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Results for the second quarter of 2022 had no net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions, while results for the second quarter of 2021 and 2020 included net charges ofa $14 million and $20net charge. Excluding this item, adjusted operating income decreased $66 million, respectively, from these updates, primarily driven by an increaselower net investment spread results, primarily reflecting lower income on non-coupon investments, partially offset by higher reinvestment rates. This net unfavorable impact was partially offset by favorable reserve experience driven by core business growth and higher COVID-19 related mortality gains.

Adjusted operating income from our Individual Retirement Strategies business increased $833 million, including a favorable comparative impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, which resulted in expecteda $25 million net benefit payments. in the second quarter of 2022 compared to a $15 million charge in the second quarter of 2021. Excluding this item, adjusted operating income increased $769$793 million primarily driven by a gain from the sale of PALAC and market value gains on a strategic investment. Also contributing to the increase were higher net investment spread results, driven by more favorable interest rates as well as growth in indexed variable annuities and lower operating expenses. These increases were partially offset by lower fee income, net of distribution expenses and other associated costs, resulting from lower average separate account values due to net outflows, unfavorable equity markets and the reduction in account values resulting from the sale of PALAC, partially offset by favorable impacts from our living benefits guarantees.

Six Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income from our Institutional Retirement Strategies business decreased $98 million, including a favorable comparative net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above. Excluding this item, adjusted operating income decreased $113 million, driven by lower net investment spread results, primarily reflecting lower income on non-coupon investments, and less favorable reserve experience due to lower COVID-19 related mortality gains.

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Adjusted operating income from our Individual Retirement Strategies business increased $861 million, including a favorable comparative net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above. Excluding this item, adjusted operating income increased $821 million primarily driven by a gain from the sale of PALAC and market value gains on a strategic investment. Also contributing to the increase were higher net investment spread results, driven by more favorable interest rates as well as growth in indexed variable annuities, lower operating expenses, and higher income on non-coupon investments. These increases were partially offset by lower fee income, net of distribution expenses and other associated costs, resulting from lower average separate account values due to net outflows, unfavorable equity markets and the reduction in account values resulting from the sale of PALAC, partially offset by favorable impacts from our living benefits guarantees.

Revenues, Benefits and Expenses

Three Month Comparison. Revenues from our Institutional Retirement Strategies business increased $6,193$624 million. This increase primarily reflected higher pension risk transfer premiums due to new sales in the current quarter, with corresponding offsets in policyholders’ benefits, as discussed below, and higherpartially offset by lower net investment income and other income, primarily reflecting higherlower income on non-coupon investments.

Benefits and expenses of our Institutional Retirement Strategies business increased $5,969 million. Policyholders’ benefits, including the change in policy reserves, increased primarily related to the increase in pension risk transfer premiums discussed above.

Nine Month Comparison. Revenues increased $6,011 million. This increase primarily reflected higher pension risk transfer premiums due to new sales in the current quarter, with corresponding offsets in policyholders’ benefits, as discussed below, and higher net investment income and other income, primarily reflecting higher income on non-coupon investments.
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Benefits and expenses increased $5,236$676 million. Excluding the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, benefits and expenses increased $5,242$690 million. Policyholders’ benefits, including the change in policy reserves, increased primarily related to the higher pension risk transfer premiums discussed above.

Revenues from our Individual Retirement Strategies business increased $756 million primarily driven by a gain from the sale of our equity interest in PALAC and market value gains on a strategic investment, partially offset by lower policy charges and fee income, reflecting lower average separate account values due to net outflows, unfavorable equity markets and the reduction in account values resulting from the sale of PALAC.

Benefits and expenses of our Individual Retirement Strategies business decreased $77 million. Excluding the impact of our annual review and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, benefits and expenses decreased $37 million primarily driven by lower general and administrative expenses, net of capitalization, driven by lower distribution and asset management expenses reflecting lower average separate account values, as discussed above, and lower operating expenses. This increase was partially offset by higher interest expense.

Six Month Comparison. Revenues from our Institutional Retirement Strategies business increased $1,165 million. This increase primarily reflected higher pension risk transfer premiums, with corresponding offsets in policyholders’ benefits, as discussed below, partially offset by lower other income and net investment income, primarily reflecting lower income on non-coupon investments.

Benefits and expenses of our Institutional Retirement Strategies business increased $1,263 million. Excluding the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, benefits and expenses increased $1,278 million. Policyholders’ benefits, including the change in policy reserves, increased primarily related to the higher pension risk transfer premiums discussed above.

Revenues from our Individual Retirement Strategies business increased $764 million primarily driven by a gain from the sale of our equity interest in PALAC and market value gains on a strategic investment, partially offset by lower policy charges and fee income, reflecting lower average separate account values due to net outflows, unfavorable equity markets and the reduction in account values resulting from the sale of PALAC.

Benefits and expenses of our Individual Retirement Strategies business decreased $97 million. Excluding the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, benefits and expenses decreased $57 million primarily driven by lower general and administrative expenses, net of capitalization, driven by lower distribution and asset management expenses reflecting lower average separate account values, as discussed above, and lower operating expenses. This increase was partially offset by higher interest expense.

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Account Values

Account values are a significant driver of our operating results, and are primarily driven by net additions (withdrawals) and the impact of market changes. The investment income and interest we credit to policyholders on our spread-based products varies with the level of general account values. The income we earn on most of our fee-based products varies with the level of fee-based account values as many policy fees are determined by these values.

The following table shows the changes in the account values of Retirement’s products for the periods indicated. Account values include both internally- and externally-managed client balances as the total balances drive revenue for the Retirement business. For more information on internally-managed balances, see “—PGIM.”

Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Twelve
Months
Ended
September 30,
20212020202120202021
(in millions)
Beginning total account value$243,843 $231,142 $243,387 $227,596 $234,696 
Additions(1)8,045 2,780 18,466 14,218 26,717 
Withdrawals and benefits(4,546)(4,189)(15,932)(13,226)(20,994)
Change in market value, interest credited and interest income618 1,944 1,311 7,379 2,786 
Other(2)(1,892)3,019 (1,164)(1,271)2,863 
Ending total account value$246,068 $234,696 $246,068 $234,696 $246,068 
__________
(1)Additions primarily include: group annuities and funded pension reinsurance calculated based on premiums received; international reinsurance contracts calculated as the present value of future projected benefits; investment-only stable value contracts calculated as the fair value of customers’ funds held in a client-owned trust; and funding agreements issued.
(2)“Other” activity includes the effect of foreign exchange rate changes associated with our British pounds sterling denominated international reinsurance business and changes in asset balances for externally-managed accounts. For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, “Other” activity also includes $793 million in receipts offset by $735 million in payments and $869 million in receipts offset by $831 million in payments, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, includes $2,096 million in receipts offset by $2,231 million in payments and $6,235 million in receipts offset by $6,107 million in payments, respectively, related to funding agreements backed by commercial paper which typically have maturities of less than 90 days.

The increase in account values for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021 reflected net additions primarily driven by pension risk transfer activity, partially offset by investment-only stable value account withdrawals, and a favorable change in the market value of account assets. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in other activity primarily driven by the negative impact of foreign exchange rate changes.

The increase in account values for the twelve months ended September 30, 2021 reflected net additions primarily driven by pension risk transfer activity, including international reinsurance and funded pension risk transfer sales, partially offset by investment-only stable value account withdrawals. Also contributing were an increase in the market value of account assets and an increase in other activity primarily driven by the positive impact of foreign exchange rate changes.

Group Insurance

Operating Results

The following table sets forth Group Insurance’s operating results and benefits and administrative operating expense ratios for the periods indicated.
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Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2021202020212020
($ in millions)
Operating results:
Revenues$1,553 $1,457 $4,627 $4,352 
Benefits and expenses1,688 1,435 4,877 4,281 
Adjusted operating income(135)22 (250)71 
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(19)75 
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$(129)$26 $(269)$146 
Benefits ratio(1)(4):
Group life(2)105.2 %93.9 %100.2 %91.8 %
Group disability(2)85.9 %73.5 %82.4 %74.5 %
Total Group Insurance(2)100.7 %89.4 %96.2 %88.0 %
Administrative operating expense ratio(3)(4):
Group life11.7 %12.2 %11.2 %12.1 %
Group disability32.3 %25.2 %32.4 %25.4 %
Total Group Insurance16.8 %15.1 %16.2 %15.0 %
__________ 
(1)Ratio of policyholder benefits to earned premiums plus policy charges and fee income.
(2)Benefit ratios for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 reflect the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Excluding these impacts, the group life, group disability and total Group Insurance benefit ratios were 100.2%, 82.5% and 96.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and 91.9%, 75.0% and 88.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.
(3)Ratio of general and administrative expenses (excluding commissions) to gross premiums plus policy charges and fee income.
(4)The benefits and administrative ratios are measures used to evaluate profitability and efficiency.

Adjusted Operating Income

Three Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income decreased $157 million, primarily reflecting lower underwriting results in our group life business driven by unfavorable claim experience mostly due to COVID-19 impacts on non-experience-rated contracts, lower underwriting results in our group disability business driven by less favorable claims experience on long-term disability contracts and higher expenses. These decreases were partially offset by higher net investment spread results driven by higher income on non-coupon investments.

Nine Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income decreased $321 million, including an unfavorable comparative net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Results for 2021 and 2020 included net benefits from this update of $1 million and $11 million, respectively. Excluding this item, adjusted operating income decreased $311 million, primarily reflecting lower underwriting results in our group life business driven by less favorable claim experience mostly due to COVID-19 impacts on non-experience-rated contracts, and lower underwriting results in our group disability business driven by less favorable claims experience on long-term disability contracts. These decreases were partially offset by higher net investment spread results driven by higher income on non-coupon investments.

Revenues, Benefits and Expenses

Three Month Comparison. Revenues increased $96 million. The increase primarily reflected higher premiums and policy charges and fee income in our group life business due to COVID-19 impacts on experience-rated contracts, with offsets in policyholders’ benefits and changes in reserves, as discussed below, as well as growth in our group disability business and higher net investment income from higher income on non-coupon investments.

Benefits and expenses increased $253 million. The increase primarily reflected higher policyholders’ benefits, including changes in reserves, in our group life business mostly due to COVID-19 impacts on both non-experience- and experience-rated contracts, and increases in our group disability business driven by an unfavorable impact from claims experience on long-term disability contracts.

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Nine Month Comparison. Revenues increased $275 million. Excluding the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, revenues increased $297 million. The increase primarily reflected higher premiums and policy charges and fee income in our group life business due to COVID-19 impacts on experience-rated contracts, with offsets in policyholders’ benefits and changes in reserves, as discussed below, as well as growth in our group disability business and higher net investment income from higher income on non-coupon investments.

Benefits and expenses increased $596 million. Excluding the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, benefits and expenses increased $608 million. The increase primarily reflected higher policyholders’ benefits, including changes in reserves, in our group life business mostly due to COVID-19 impacts on both non-experience- and experience-rated contracts, and increases in our group disability business driven by a less favorable impact from claims experience on long-term disability contracts.

Sales Results
The following table sets forth Group Insurance’s annualized new business premiums, as defined under “—Segment Measures” above, for the periods indicated.
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2021202020212020
 (in millions)
Annualized new business premiums(1):
Group life$51 $46 $242 $227 
Group disability17 17 172 143 
Total$68 $63 $414 $370 
__________ 
(1)Amounts exclude new premiums resulting from rate changes on existing policies, from additional coverage under our Servicemembers’ Group Life Insurance contract and from excess premiums on group universal life insurance that build cash value but do not purchase face amounts.

Total annualized new business premiums for the three months ended September 30, 2021 increased $5 million compared to the prior year period, driven by higher sales in our group life business. Total annualized new business premiums for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 increased $44 million compared to the prior year period, driven by higher sales in both our group life and group disability businesses.

Individual Annuities

Business Update

In September 2021, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell its equity interest in Prudential Annuities Life Assurance Corporation (“PALAC”), which represents a portion of its in-force traditional variable annuity block of business, to Fortitude Group Holdings, LLC. The transaction is expected to close in the first half of 2022, subject to the receipt of regulatory approvals and the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.

Beginning with the third quarter of 2021, the Company is reporting the assets and liabilities of this block of business as “held-for-sale”; however, its results will continue to be reported within Individual Annuities’ operating results until the sale is completed. See Note 1 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

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Operating Results

The following table sets forth Individual Annuities’ operating results for the periods indicated.
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2021202020212020
(in millions)
Operating results:
Revenues$1,260 $1,148 $3,687 $3,249 
Benefits and expenses761 740 2,272 2,219 
Adjusted operating income499 408 1,415 1,030 
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(4)518 1,895 (2,525)
Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(38)(166)(408)(67)
Market experience updates(83)(58)321 (686)
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$374 $702 $3,223 $(2,248)

Adjusted Operating Income

Three Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $91 million primarily driven by higher fee income, net of distribution expenses and other associated costs, resulting from higher average separate account values due to favorable equity markets, partially offset by net outflows, and favorable impacts from our living benefit guarantees. Also contributing to the increase were higher net investment spread results, driven by higher income on non-coupon investments, and lower operating expenses.

Nine Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $385 million, including a favorable comparative net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Results for 2021 included a $15 million net charge from these updates primarily reflecting the impact of unfavorable policyholder behavior updates. Results for 2020 included a $136 million net charge from these updates primarily driven by unfavorable impacts related to a decrease in long-term interest rate assumptions. Excluding this item, adjusted operating income increased $264 million. The increase was primarily driven by higher fee income, net of distribution expenses and other associated costs, resulting from higher average separate account values due to favorable equity markets, partially offset by net outflows, and favorable impacts from our living benefit guarantees. Also contributing to the increase were higher net investment spread results, driven by higher income on non-coupon investments, and lower operating expenses.

Revenues, Benefits and Expenses

Three Month Comparison. Revenues increased $112 million primarily driven by higher policy charges and fee income, as well as higher asset management and service fees, reflecting higher average separate account values and favorable impacts from our living benefit guarantees. Also contributing to the increase was higher net investment income, primarily reflecting higher income on non-coupon investments.

Benefits and expenses increased $21 million driven by higher distribution and asset management expenses reflecting higher average separate account values, as discussed above, partially offset by lower operating expenses.

Nine Month Comparison. Revenues increased $438 million. Excluding the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, revenues increased $309 million. The increase was primarily driven by higher policy charges and fee income, as well as higher asset management and service fees, reflecting higher average separate account values and favorable impacts from our living benefit guarantees. Also contributing to the increase was higher net investment income, primarily reflecting higher income on non-coupon investments.

Benefits and expenses increased $53 million. Excluding the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, benefits and expenses increased $44 million primarily driven by higher general and administrative expenses, net of capitalization, driven by higher distribution and asset management expenses reflecting higher average separate account values, as discussed above, partially offset by lower operating expenses. This increase was partially offset by lower interest expense.

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Account Values

Institutional Retirement Strategies. Account values are a significant driver of our operating results and are primarily driven by net additions (withdrawals) and the impact of market changes. The investment income and interest we credit to policyholders on our spread-based products varies with the level of general account values. The income we earn on most of our fee-based products varies with the level of fee-based account values as many policy fees are determined by these values.

The following table shows the changes in the account values of Institutional Retirement Strategies’ products for the periods indicated. Account values include both internally- and externally-managed client balances as the total balances drive revenue for the Institutional Retirement Strategies business. For more information on internally-managed balances, see “—PGIM.”

Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
Twelve
Months
Ended
June 30,
20222021202220212022
(in millions)
Total Institutional Retirement Strategies:
Beginning total account value$239,102 $247,496 $245,720 $243,387 $243,843 
Additions(1)3,700 661 5,978 10,421 17,524 
Withdrawals and benefits(3,560)(5,744)(8,459)(11,386)(17,898)
Change in market value, interest credited and interest income(2,389)1,346 (3,959)693 (2,771)
Other(2)(2,259)84 (4,686)728 (6,104)
Ending total account value$234,594 $243,843 $234,594 $243,843 $234,594 
__________
(1)Additions primarily include: group annuities and funded pension reinsurance calculated based on premiums received; international longevity reinsurance contracts calculated as the present value of future projected benefits; investment-only stable value contracts calculated as the fair value of customers’ funds held in a client-owned trust; and funding agreements issued calculated based on premiums received.
(2)“Other” activity includes the effect of foreign exchange rate changes associated with our British pounds sterling denominated international reinsurance business and changes in asset balances for externally-managed accounts. For the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, “Other” activity also includes $892 million in receipts offset by $867 million in payments and $581 million in receipts offset by $731 million in payments, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, includes $1,711 million in receipts offset by $1,708 million in payments and $1,302 million in receipts offset by $1,496 million in payments, respectively, related to funding agreements backed by commercial paper which typically have maturities of less than 90 days.

The decreases in Institutional Retirement Strategies account values for the three months, six months and twelve months ended June 30, 2022 reflect decreases in other activity primarily driven by the negative impact of foreign exchange rate changes, and the decline in the market value of account assets. Account values for the six months ended June 30, 2022 also reflect net withdrawals primarily driven by account run-off.

Individual Retirement Strategies. Account values are a significant driver of our operating results. Since most fees are determined by the level of separate account assets, fee income varies primarily based on the level of account values. Additionally, our fee income generally drives other items such as the pattern of amortization of DAC and other costs. Account values are driven by net flows from new business sales, surrenders, withdrawals and benefit payments, policy charges and the impact of positive or negative market value changes. The annuity industry’s competitive and regulatory landscapes, which have been dynamic over the last few years, may impact our net flows, including new business sales. The following table sets forth account value information for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Twelve
Months
Ended
September 30,
20212020202120202021
(in millions)
Total Individual Annuities(1):
Beginning total account value$182,411 $159,276 $176,280 $169,681 $164,198 
Sales1,500 1,562 5,048 4,835 7,028 
Full surrenders and death benefits(2,573)(1,811)(7,748)(5,740)(9,853)
Sales, net of full surrenders and death benefits(1,073)(249)(2,700)(905)(2,825)
Partial withdrawals and other benefit payments(1,334)(1,205)(4,091)(3,750)(5,532)
Net flows(2,407)(1,454)(6,791)(4,655)(8,357)
Change in market value, interest credited and other activity(422)7,270 11,928 1,806 26,482 
Policy charges(904)(894)(2,739)(2,634)(3,645)
Ending total account value(2)$178,678 $164,198 $178,678 $164,198 $178,678 

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Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
Twelve
Months
Ended
June 30,
20222021202220212022
(in millions)
Total Individual Retirement Strategies(1):
Beginning total account value(2)$168,794 $176,442 $182,305 $176,280 $182,411 
Sales1,598 1,693 3,141 3,548 6,192 
Full surrenders and death benefits(1,560)(2,683)(3,748)(5,175)(8,974)
Sales, net of full surrenders and death benefits38 (990)(607)(1,627)(2,782)
Partial withdrawals and other benefit payments(994)(1,328)(2,461)(2,757)(5,416)
Net flows(956)(2,318)(3,068)(4,384)(8,198)
Change in market value, interest credited and other activity(3)
(44,081)9,208 (54,628)12,350 (47,790)
Policy charges(619)(921)(1,471)(1,835)(3,285)
Ending total account value$123,138 $182,411 $123,138 $182,411 $123,138 
__________
(1)Includes gross variable and fixed annuities sold as retail investment products. Investments sold through defined contribution plan products are included with such products within our Institutional Retirement Strategies business. Variable annuity account values were $172.8 $117.6 billion and $158.6 $176.6 billion as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. Fixed annuity account values were $5.9 $5.6 billion and $5.6$5.9 billion as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively.
(2)IncludesBeginning total account values for three months and six months ended June 30, 2022 include approximately $30 billion of account values that are were classified as “held-for-sale” as of September 30,March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, in relation to the planned PALAC sale, as discussed above.

(3)
SalesResults for both the three months, six months and the ninetwelve months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021 reflected our product pivot strategy and consisted largely2022 reflect the reduction in account values resulting from the sale of indexed variable annuities,PALAC, as sales of traditional variable annuities with guaranteed living benefit riders were discontinued as of December 31, 2020. discussed above.

Sales, net of full surrenders and death benefits, for both the three months and the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021 declined2022 increased in comparison to the prior year periods driven by an increase in surrender activity from both market value appreciation and thelower full surrenders due to general uncertainty about COVID-19and volatility in financial markets in the priorcurrent year periods.period, partially offset by lower sales.

The decrease in account values for the three months, ended September 30, 2021 was driven by net outflows and policyholder charges on contractholder accounts. The increases in account values for the ninesix months and twelve months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 were primarily driven by the impact of the sale of PALAC, market value appreciation, partially offset bydepreciation and net outflows and policy charges on contractholder accounts.outflows.

Risks and Risk Mitigants

The following is a summary of certain risks associated with Individual Annuities’Retirement Strategies’ products, certain strategies in mitigating those risks including any updates to those strategies since the previous year-end, and the related financial results.

Fixed Annuity Risks and Risk Mitigants. The primary risk exposure of our fixed annuity products relates to investment risks we bear for providing customers a minimum guaranteed interest rate or an index-linked interest rate required to be credited to the customer’s account value, which include interest rate fluctuations and/or sustained periods of low interest rates, and credit risk related to the underlying investments. We manage these risk exposures primarily through our investment strategies and product design features, which include credit rate resetting subject to the minimum guaranteed interest rate as well as surrender charges applied during the early years of the contract that help to provide protection for premature withdrawals. In addition, a portion of our fixed products has a market value adjustment provision that affords protection of lapse in the case of rising interest rates. We also manage these risk exposures through external reinsurance for certain of our fixed annuity products.

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Indexed Variable Annuity Risks and Risk Mitigants. The primary risk exposure of our indexed variable annuity products relates to the investment risks we bear in order to credit to the customer’s account balance the required crediting rate based on the performance of the elected indices at the end of each term. We manage this risk primarily through our investment strategies including derivatives and product design features, which include credit rate resetting subject to contractual minimums as well as surrender charges applied during the early years of the contract that help to provide protection for premature withdrawals. In addition, our indexed variable annuity strategies have an interim value provision that provides some protection from lapse in the case of rising interest rates.

Variable Annuity Risks and Risk Mitigants. The primary risk exposures of our variable annuity contracts relate to actual deviations from, or changes to, the assumptions used in the original pricing of these products, including capital markets assumptions such as equity market returns, interest rates and market volatility, along with actuarial assumptions such as
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contractholder mortality, the timing and amount of annuitization and withdrawals, and contract lapses. For these risk exposures, achievement of our expected returns is subject to the risk that actual experience will differ from the assumptions used in the original pricing of these products. We manage our exposure to certain risks driven by fluctuations in capital markets primarily through a combination of i) Product Design Features, ii) our Asset Liability Management Strategy, and iii) our Capital Hedge Program, as discussed below. We also manage these risk exposures through external reinsurance for certain of our variable annuity products. Sales of traditional variable annuities with guaranteed living benefit riders were discontinued as of December 31, 2020, and, in April 2022, the third quarterCompany completed the sale of 2021, we announced that we had entered into an agreement to sell a portion of our in-force traditional variable annuity block, as describeddiscussed above.

i.Product Design Features:

A portion of the variable annuity contracts that we offered include an automatic rebalancing feature, also referred to as an asset transfer feature. This feature is implemented at the contract level, and transfers assets between certain variable investment sub-accounts selected by the annuity contractholder and, depending on the benefit feature, a fixed-rate account in the general account or a bond fund sub-account within the separate accounts. The objective of the automatic rebalancing feature is to reduce our exposure to equity market risk and market volatility. Other product design features we utilize include, among others, asset allocation restrictions, minimum issuance age requirements and certain limitations on the amount of purchase payments, as well as a required minimum allocation to our general account for certain of our products. In addition, there is diversity in our fee arrangements, as certain fees are primarily based on the benefit guarantee amount, the contractholder account value and/or premiums, which helps preserve certain revenue streams when market fluctuations cause account values to decline.

ii.Asset Liability Management (“ALM”) Strategy (including fixed income instruments and derivatives):

We employ an ALM strategy that utilizes a combination of both traditional fixed income instruments and derivatives to meet expected liabilities associated with our variable annuity living benefit guarantees. The economic liability we manage with this ALM strategy consists of expected living benefit claims under less severe market conditions, which are managed using fixed income instruments, derivatives, or a combination thereof, and potential living benefit claims resulting from more severe market conditions, which are hedged using derivative instruments. For our Prudential Defined Income (“PDI”) variable annuity, we utilize fixed income instruments to meet expected liabilities. For the portion of our ALM strategy executed with derivatives, we enter into a range of exchange-traded and over-the-counter (“OTC”) equity, interest rate and credit derivatives, including, but not limited to: equity and treasury futures; total return, credit default and interest rate swaps; and options including equity options, swaptions, and floors and caps. The intent of this strategy is to more efficiently manage the capital and liquidity associated with these products while continuing to mitigate fluctuations in net income due to movements in capital markets. To achieve this, we periodically review and recalibrate the ALM strategy by optimizing the mix of derivatives and fixed income instruments to achieve expected outcomes.

The difference between the change in value of our hedging instruments and the change in value of the portion of the economic liability that is being hedged, has historically been reflected in adjusted operating income over time. Beginning with the second quarter of 2020, this impact is excluded from adjusted operating income which the Company believes enhances the understanding of underlying performance trends.

The valuation of the economic liability we seek to defray excludes certain items that are included within the U.S. GAAP liability, such as non-performance risk (“NPR”) in order to maximize protection irrespective of the possibility of our own default, as well as risk margins (required by U.S. GAAP but different from our best estimate) and valuation methodology differences. The following table which includes the portion of the traditional variable annuities block of business that is classified as “held-for-sale”, as discussed above, provides a reconciliation between the liability reported under U.S. GAAP and the economic liability we manage through our ALM strategy as of the periods indicated:

June 30, 2022December 31, 2021(1)
(in millions)
U.S. GAAP liability, including NPR, net of reinsurance recoverables$5,933 $13,028 
NPR adjustment, net of reinsurance recoverables4,109 2,832 
Subtotal10,042 15,860 
Adjustments including risk margins and valuation methodology differences(3,122)(3,444)
Economic liability managed through the ALM strategy$6,920 $12,416 
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Table(1)Includes the portion of Contentsthe traditional variable annuities block of business that was classified as “held-for-sale” as of December 31, 2021 in relation to the PALAC sale, as discussed above.
September 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
(in millions)
U.S. GAAP liability, including NPR, net of reinsurance recoverables$13,330 $18,537 
NPR adjustment, net of reinsurance recoverables2,813 4,103 
Subtotal16,143 22,640 
Adjustments including risk margins and valuation methodology differences(3,447)(5,080)
Economic liability managed through the ALM strategy$12,696 $17,560 

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, the fair value of our fixed income instruments and derivative assets exceed the economic liability within the entities in which the risks reside.

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Under our ALM strategy, we expect differences in the U.S. GAAP net income impact between the changes in value of the fixed income instruments (either designated as available-for-sale or designated as trading) and derivatives as compared to the changes in the embedded derivative liability these assets support. These differences can be primarily attributed to three distinct areas:

Different valuation methodologies in measuring the liability we intend to cover with fixed income instruments and derivatives versus the liability reported under U.S. GAAP. The valuation methodology utilized in estimating the economic liability we intend to defray with fixed income instruments and derivatives is different from that required to be utilized to measure the liability under U.S. GAAP. Additionally, the valuation of the economic liability excludes certain items that are included within the U.S. GAAP liability, such as NPR in order to maximize protection irrespective of the possibility of our own default and risk margins (required by U.S. GAAP but different from our best estimate).

Different accounting treatment between liabilities and assets supporting those liabilities. Under U.S. GAAP, changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative liability, derivative instruments and fixed income instruments designated as trading are immediately reflected in net income, while changes in the fair value of fixed income instruments that are designated as available-for-sale are recorded as unrealized gains (losses) in other comprehensive income.

General hedge results. For the derivative portion of the ALM strategy, the net hedging impact (the extent to which the changes in value of the hedging instruments offset the change in value of the portion of the economic liability we are hedging) may be impacted by a number of factors, including: cash flow timing differences between our hedging instruments and the corresponding portion of the economic liability we are hedging, basis differences attributable to actual underlying contractholder funds to be hedged versus hedgeable indices, rebalancing costs related to dynamic rebalancing of hedging instruments as markets move, certain elements of the economic liability that may not be hedged (including certain actuarial assumptions), and implied and realized market volatility on the hedge positions relative to the portion of the economic liability we seek to hedge.

iii. Capital Hedge Program:

We employ a capital hedge program to protect a portion of the overall capital position of the variable annuities business against its exposure to the equity markets. The capital hedge program is conducted using equity derivatives which include equity call and put options, total return swaps and futures contracts. The changes in value of these derivatives have historically been recognized in adjusted operating income over the expected duration of the capital hedge program. Beginning with the second quarter of 2020, changesChanges in value of these derivatives are excluded from adjusted operating income, which the Company believes enhances the understanding of underlying performance trends.

Results excluded from adjusted operating income

The following table provides the net impact to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations from the results excluded from adjusted operating income, which is primarily driven by the changes in the U.S. GAAP embedded derivative liability and hedge positions under the ALM strategy as described above, and the related amortization of DAC and other costs.
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Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2021202020212020
(in millions)(1)
Results excluded from adjusted operating income:
Change in value of U.S. GAAP liability, pre-NPR(2)$639 $3,852 $7,079 $(11,219)
Change in the NPR adjustment(292)(597)(1,292)2,420 
Change in fair value of hedge assets, excluding capital hedges(3)(404)(2,391)(3,916)6,214 
Change in fair value of capital hedges(4)(12)(360)(805)(113)
Other65 14 829 173 
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(4)518 1,895 (2,525)
Market experience updates(5)(83)(58)321 (686)
Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(38)(166)(408)(67)
Total results excluded from adjusted operating income(6)$(125)$294 $1,808 $(3,278)
__________
(1)Positive amounts represent income; negative amounts represent a loss.
(2)Represents the change in the liability (excluding NPR) for our variable annuities living benefit guarantees which is measured utilizing a valuation methodology that is required under U.S. GAAP. This liability includes such items as risk margins which are required by U.S. GAAP but not included in our best estimate of the liability.
(3)Represents the change in fair value of the derivatives utilized to hedge potential claims associated with our variable annuity living benefit guarantees.
(4)Represents the changes in fair value of equity derivatives of the capital hedge program intended to protect a portion of the overall capital position of the variable annuities business against its exposure to the equity markets.
(5)Represents the immediate impacts in current period results from changes in current market conditions on estimates of profitability.
(6)Excludes amounts from the change in unrealized gains and losses on fixed income instruments recorded in OCI (versus net income) of $(25) million, and $(33) million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $(1,763) million and $1,668 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the loss of $125 million was driven by an unfavorable NPR adjustment driven by tightening credit spreads and unfavorable market experience updates from unfavorable market performance. This was partially offset by a favorable impact related to the U.S. GAAP liability before NPR, net of the change in fair value of hedge assets (excluding capital hedges) largely due to favorable hedge breakage and rising interest rates.
For the three months ended September 30, 2020, the gain of $294 million was driven by the favorable impact related to the U.S. GAAP liability before NPR, net of the change in fair value of hedge assets (excluding capital hedges) largely due to tightening credit spreads and favorable equity markets. These gains were partially offset by an unfavorable NPR adjustment driven by tightening credit spreads and losses associated with our capital hedge program driven by favorable equity markets, as well as charges related to the amortization of DAC and other costs.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the gain of $1,808 million was driven by a favorable impact related to the U.S. GAAP liability before NPR, net of the change in fair value of hedge assets (excluding capital hedges) as well as favorable market experience updates largely due to favorable equity markets and rising interest rates. These impacts were partially offset by an unfavorable NPR adjustment, losses associated with our capital hedge program and charges related to the amortization of DAC and other costs.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the loss of $3,278 million was driven by an unfavorable impact related to the U.S. GAAP liability before NPR, net of the change in fair value of hedge assets (excluding capital hedges) driven by declining interest rates, widening of credit spreads and unfavorable equity market performance, as well as unfavorable market experience updates due to unfavorable equity markets and declining interest rates. These losses were partially offset by a favorable NPR adjustment, reflecting the impact of widening credit spreads.

Product Specific Risks and Risk Mitigants

As noted above, the risks associated with our Individual Retirement Strategies’ products are mitigated through product design features, including automatic rebalancing, as well as through our ALM strategy and external reinsurance. The following table sets forth the risk management profile of our living benefit guarantees and guaranteed minimum death benefit (“GMDB”) features as of the periods indicated:
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021June 30, 2021
Account
Value
% of
Total
Account
Value(1)
% of
Total
Account
Value
% of
Total
($ in millions)
Living benefit/GMDB features(2):
Both ALM strategy and automatic rebalancing(3)(4)$72,983 63 %$112,543 64 %$114,543 65 %
ALM strategy only(4)2,111 %7,278 %7,491 %
Automatic rebalancing only87 %567 %608 %
External reinsurance(5)2,660 %3,303 %3,299 %
PDI13,078 11 %16,909 10 %17,604 10 %
Other products1,631 %2,444 %2,547 %
Total living benefit/GMDB features$92,550 $143,044 $146,092 
GMDB features and other(6)25,024 21 %33,395 19 %30,465 17 %
Total variable annuity account value$117,574 $176,439 $176,557 
__________
(1)Includes approximately $30 billion of account values that were classified as “held-for-sale” as of December 31, 2021 in relation to the PALAC sale, as discussed above.
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September 30, 2021December 31, 2020September 30, 2020
Account
Value
% of
Total
Account
Value
% of
Total
Account
Value
% of
Total
($ in millions)
Living benefit/GMDB features(1):
Both ALM strategy and automatic rebalancing(2)(3)$110,999 64 %$112,177 66 %$104,815 66 %
ALM strategy only(3)7,205 %7,410 %6,955 %
Automatic rebalancing only582 %634 %634 %
External reinsurance(4)3,229 %3,173 %2,944 %
PDI17,239 10 %18,540 11 %17,888 11 %
Other products2,431 %2,492 %2,306 %
Total living benefit/GMDB features$141,685 $144,426 $135,542 
GMDB features and other(5)31,130 18 %26,120 15 %23,104 15 %
Total variable annuity account value(6)$172,815 $170,546 $158,646 
__________
(1)(2)All contracts with living benefit guarantees also contain GMDB features, which cover the same insured contract.
(2)(3)Contracts with living benefits that are included in our ALM strategy and that have an automatic rebalancing feature.
(3)(4)Excludes PDI which is presented separately within this table.
(4)(5)Represents contracts subject to a reinsurance transaction with an external counterparty covering certain Highest Daily Lifetime Income (“HDI”) v.3.0 business for the period April 1, 2015 through December 31, 2016. These contracts with living benefits also have an automatic rebalancing feature.
(5)(6)Includes contracts that have a GMDB feature and do not have an automatic rebalancing feature.
(6)Includes approximately $30 billion of account values that are classified as “held-for-sale” as of September 30, 2021 in relation to the planned PALAC sale, as discussed above.

Results excluded from adjusted operating income

The following table provides the net impact to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations from the portion of Retirement Strategies’ results excluded from adjusted operating income, which is primarily driven by the changes in the U.S. GAAP embedded derivative liability and hedge positions under the ALM strategy as described above, and the related amortization of DAC and other costs:
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
20222021(1)20222021(1)
(in millions)(2)
Results excluded from adjusted operating income:
Change in value of U.S. GAAP liability, pre-NPR(3)$(151)$(1,952)$2,049 $6,440 
Change in the NPR adjustment1,273 (116)1,970 (1,000)
Change in fair value of hedge assets, excluding capital hedges(4)(630)1,480 (2,616)(3,512)
Change in fair value of capital hedges(5)445 (498)670 (793)
Other(6)(1,645)790 (2,551)674 
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(708)(296)(478)1,809 
Market experience updates(7)233 228 133 404
Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(135)16 (522)(378)
Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests2
Total results excluded from adjusted operating income(8)$(609)$(50)$(865)$1,837 
__________
(1)Prior periods have been updated to reflect the aggregated results of the Retirement Strategies segment.
(2)Positive amounts represent income; negative amounts represent a loss.
(3)Represents the change in the liability (excluding NPR) for our variable annuities living benefit guarantees which is measured utilizing a valuation methodology that is required under U.S. GAAP. This liability includes such items as risk margins which are required by U.S. GAAP but not included in our best estimate of the liability.
(4)Represents the change in fair value of the derivatives utilized to hedge potential claims associated with our variable annuity living benefit guarantees.
(5)Represents the changes in fair value of equity derivatives of the capital hedge program intended to protect a portion of the overall capital position of the variable annuities business against its exposure to the equity markets.
(6)Largely represents realized gains (losses) associated with sales and maturities of fixed maturity securities and derivative instruments.
(7)Represents the immediate impacts in current period results from changes in current market conditions on estimates of profitability.
(8)Excludes amounts from the change in unrealized gains and losses on fixed income instruments recorded in OCI (versus net income) of $(106) million, and $132 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $(290) million and $(1,738) million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

For the three months and the six months ended June 30, 2022, the losses of $609 million and $865 million, respectively, were driven by the impact of rising interest rates on fixed maturity securities and derivatives as well as unfavorable impacts related to the U.S. GAAP liability before NPR, including the change in fair value of hedge assets (excluding capital hedges) largely due to unfavorable equity markets and the impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Also contributing to the decrease were unfavorable impacts related to the amortization of DAC and other costs. These decreases were partially offset by favorable NPR adjustments largely due to favorable impacts from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements and widening credit spreads, gains associated with our capital hedges driven by unfavorable equity markets as well as favorable market experience updates resulting from the impact of rising interest rates.

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Group Insurance

Operating Results

The following table sets forth Group Insurance’s operating results and benefits and administrative operating expense ratios for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2022202120222021
($ in millions)
Operating results:
Revenues$1,496 $1,518 $3,040 $3,074 
Benefits and expenses1,443 1,501 3,098 3,189 
Adjusted operating income53 17 (58)(115)
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(58)(109)(25)
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$(5)$26 $(167)$(140)
Benefits ratio(1)(4):
Group life(2)87.1 %91.1 %95.6 %97.8 %
Group disability(2)75.5 %80.9 %74.5 %80.7 %
Total Group Insurance(2)84.2 %88.7 %90.5 %93.9 %
Administrative operating expense ratio(3)(4):
Group life10.7 %11.0 %10.7 %10.9 %
Group disability32.2 %32.7 %31.7 %32.5 %
Total Group Insurance15.9 %16.1 %15.8 %15.9 %
__________ 
(1)Ratio of policyholder benefits to earned premiums plus policy charges and fee income.
(2)Benefit ratios reflect the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Excluding these impacts, the group life, group disability and total Group Insurance benefit ratios were 87.7%, 73.0% and 84.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2022, respectively; 95.9%, 73.2% and 90.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively; 91.1%, 80.9% and 88.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2021, respectively; 97.8%, 80.7% and 93.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.
(3)Ratio of general and administrative expenses (excluding commissions) to gross premiums plus policy charges and fee income.
(4)The benefits and administrative ratios are measures used to evaluate profitability and efficiency.

Adjusted Operating Income

Three Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $36 million, including an unfavorable comparative net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Results for the second quarter of 2022 included a $3 million net charge from these updates while 2021 included a $1 million net benefit from these updates. Excluding this item, adjusted operating income increased $40 million, primarily reflecting more favorable underwriting results in our group life business including a decline in COVID-19 impacts on non-experience-rated contracts, and higher underwriting results in our group disability business driven by favorable claims experience and a favorable impact to reserves from higher interest rates on long-term disability contracts, as well as business growth. These increases were partially offset by lower net investment spread results driven by lower income on non-coupon investments.

Six Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $57 million, including an unfavorable comparative net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above. Excluding this item, adjusted operating income increased $61 million, primarily reflecting higher underwriting results in our group disability business driven by favorable claims experience and a favorable impact to reserves from higher interest rates on long-term disability contracts, as well as business growth. Also contributing to the increase were more favorable underwriting results in our group life business, including a decline in COVID-19 impacts on non-experience-rated contracts, and business growth. These increases were partially offset by higher expenses and lower net investment spread results driven by lower income on non-coupon investments.



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Revenues, Benefits and Expenses

Three Month Comparison. Revenues decreased $22 million. Excluding the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, revenues decreased $18 million. The decrease primarily reflected lower net investment income driven by lower income on non-coupon investments.

Benefits and expenses decreased $58 million. The decrease primarily reflected lower policyholders’ benefits and changes in reserves in our group life business driven by more favorable claim experience, including a decline in COVID-19 impacts, as well as in our group disability business driven by a more favorable impact from claims experience and a favorable impact to reserves from higher interest rates on long-term disability contracts. These decreases were partially offset by higher general and administrative expenses.

Six Month Comparison. Revenues decreased $34 million. Excluding the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, revenues decreased $30 million. The decrease primarily reflected lower net investment income driven by lower income on non-coupon investments.

Benefits and expenses decreased $91 million. The decrease primarily reflected lower policyholders’ benefits and changes in reserves in our group life business driven by more favorable claim experience, including a decline in COVID-19 impacts, as well as in our group disability business driven by a more favorable impact from claims experience and a favorable impact to reserves from higher interest rates on long-term disability contracts. These decreases were partially offset by higher general and administrative expenses.

Sales Results
The following table sets forth Group Insurance’s annualized new business premiums, as defined under “—Segment Measures” above, for the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 2022202120222021
 (in millions)
Annualized new business premiums(1):
Group life$26 $16 $206 $191 
Group disability17 35 147 155 
Total$43 $51 $353 $346 
__________ 
(1)Amounts exclude new premiums resulting from rate changes on existing policies, from additional coverage under our Servicemembers’ Group Life Insurance contract and from excess premiums on group universal life insurance that build cash value but do not purchase face amounts.

Total annualized new business premiums for the three months ended June 30, 2022 decreased $8 million compared to the prior year period, driven by lower sales in our group disability business, primarily due to a large client sale in the Association segment in the prior year period, partially offset by higher group life sales in the Premier and National segments.

Total annualized new business premiums for the six months ended June 30, 2022 increased $7 million compared to the prior year period, driven by higher group life sales in the Premier and National segments. This favorable impact was partially offset by lower sales in our group disability business, as noted above; however, current period sales are also reflective of an increase in supplemental health product sales in the Premier and National segments.

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Individual Life

Operating Results

The following table sets forth Individual Life’s operating results for the periods indicated.indicated:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
20212020202120202022202120222021
(in millions)(in millions)
Operating results:Operating results:Operating results:
RevenuesRevenues$1,839 $1,609 $5,090 $4,702 Revenues$2,008 $1,616 $3,765 $3,251 
Benefits and expensesBenefits and expenses1,629 1,508 4,778 4,685 Benefits and expenses3,333 1,470 5,039 3,149 
Adjusted operating incomeAdjusted operating income210 101 312 17 Adjusted operating income(1,325)146 (1,274)102 
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustmentsRealized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(89)(49)(124)500 Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(582)117 (1,056)(35)
Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), netCharges related to realized investment gains (losses), net29 97 180 (256)Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(111)(7)(68)151 
Market experience updatesMarket experience updates(116)(72)10 (288)Market experience updates263 (5)359 126 
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint venturesIncome (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$34 $77 $378 $(27)Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$(1,755)$251 $(2,039)$344 

Adjusted Operating Income

Three Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $109decreased $1,471 million, primarily reflecting higher net investment spread results, driven by higher income on non-coupon investments.

Nine Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $295 million, including a favorablean unfavorable comparative net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Results for 2021the second quarter of 2022 included a $7 million net benefit from these updates, mainly driven by favorable impacts related to assumptions for investment returns, partially offset by updates to reinsurance premiums. Results for 2020 included a $92$1,401 million net charge from these updates, mainly driven by unfavorable impacts related to assumptions for policyholder behavior and mortality, and inclusive of out of period adjustments (see Note 1 and Note 13 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information). Results for the second quarter of 2021 included a decrease in long-term interest rate assumptions.$7 million net benefit from these updates. Excluding these items, adjusted operating income decreased $63 million, primarily reflecting lower net investment spread results driven by lower income on non-coupon investments, partially offset by more favorable underwriting results, net of reinsurance.

Six Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income decreased $1,376 million, including an unfavorable comparative net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above. Excluding this item, adjusted operating income increased $196$32 million primarily reflecting higher net investment spread results driven by higher income on non-coupon investments. These increases were partially offset by lowerless unfavorable underwriting results, driven by an unfavorablethe impact from mortality experience, net of reinsurance, primarily attributable toincluding lower COVID-19 related claims.claims, partially offset by lower net investment spread results driven by lower income on non-coupon investments.
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Revenues, Benefits and Expenses

Three Month Comparison. Revenues increased $230 million, primarily driven by higher net investment income from higher income on non-coupon investments and higher average invested assets, partially offset by lower reinvestment yields. The increase also reflected higher policy charges and fee income driven by lower ceded reinsurance, which were mostly offset by reserve changes in policyholders’ benefits, as discussed below.

Benefits and expenses increased $121 million, reflecting higher policyholders’ benefits driven by reserve changes from lower ceded reinsurance, partially offset by a favorable comparative impact from mortality experience, net of reinsurance, primarily attributable to COVID-19 related claims in the prior year period. The increase also reflected higher expenses.

Nine Month Comparison. Revenues increased $388$392 million. Excluding the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, revenues increased $495$52 million. This increase was primarily driven by higher net investment income from higher income on non-coupon investmentspremiums due to lower ceded reinsurance, which was mostly offset in policyholders’ benefits below, and higher average invested assets, partially offset by lower investment yields. The increase also reflected higher policy charges and fee income driven by lower ceded reinsurance, which were mostly offset by reserve changes in policyholders’ benefits, as discussed below.primarily due to business growth.

Benefits and expenses increased $93$1,863 million. Excluding the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, benefits and expenses increased $299$115 million. This increase reflectedwas primarily driven by higher policyholders’ benefits includingand changes in reserves, driven by lower ceded reinsurance, as described above.

Six Month Comparison. Revenues increased $514 million. Excluding the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, revenues increased $174 million. This increase was primarily driven by an unfavorablehigher premiums due to lower ceded reinsurance, which was mostly offset in policyholders’ benefits below, higher policy charges and fee income due to business growth, and higher investment income from higher income on non-coupon investments and higher average invested assets.

Benefits and expenses increased $1,890 million. Excluding the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, benefits and expenses increased $142 million. This increase was primarily driven by higher policyholders’ benefits and changes in reserves, driven by lower ceded reinsurance, as described above, partially offset by a favorable comparative impact from mortality experience, net of reinsurance, primarily attributable toincluding lower COVID-19 related claims, as well as reserve changes from lower ceded reinsurance.claims.
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Sales Results

The following table sets forth Individual Life’s annualized new business premiums, as defined under “—Results of Operations—Segment Measures” above, by distribution channel and product, for the periods indicated.indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021Three Months Ended September 30, 2020Three Months Ended June 30, 2022Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
Prudential
Advisors
Third-
Party
TotalPrudential
Advisors
Third-
Party
TotalPrudential
Advisors
Third-
Party
TotalPrudential
Advisors
Third-
Party
Total
(in millions)(in millions)
Variable LifeVariable Life$27 $83 $110 $32 $80 $112 
Term LifeTerm Life$$22 $26 $$28 $34 Term Life18 23 28 34 
Guaranteed Universal Life(1)19 20 
Other Universal Life(1)12 14 17 20 
Variable Life29 115 144 22 76 98 
Universal Life(1)Universal Life(1)21 22 32 34 
TotalTotal$35 $154 $189 $32 $140 $172 Total$33 $122 $155 $40 $140 $180 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020Six Months Ended June 30, 2022Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Prudential
Advisors
Third-
Party
TotalPrudential
Advisors
Third-
Party
TotalPrudential
Advisors
Third-
Party
TotalPrudential
Advisors
Third-
Party
Total
(in millions)(in millions)
Variable LifeVariable Life$56 $158 $214 $60 $198 $258 
Term LifeTerm Life$16 $75 $91 $19 $95 $114 Term Life38 47 12 53 65 
Guaranteed Universal Life(1)35 35 79 83 
Other Universal Life(1)39 45 15 58 73 
Variable Life89 313 402 64 209 273 
Universal Life(1)Universal Life(1)41 44 57 61 
TotalTotal$111 $462 $573 $102 $441 $543 Total$68 $237 $305 $76 $308 $384 
__________
(1)Single pay life premiums and excess (unscheduled) premiums are included in annualized new business premiums based on a 10% credit and represented approximately 1% and 5% of Guaranteed Universal Life and 2% and 2% of Other Universal Life annualized new business premiums for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and approximately 1% and 9% of Guaranteed Universal Life and 4% and 7% of Other Universal Life annualized new business premiums for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation.

Total annualized new business premiums for the thirdsecond quarter of 2021 increased $172022 decreased $25 million compared to the prior year period primarily driven by higherfrom lower third-party sales of variable universal life products, partially offset by lower sales of guaranteed universal life, other universal life and term life products, primarily due to pricing and product actions.actions since the prior year period. Total annualized new business premiums for the first ninesix months of 2021 increased $302022 decreased $79 million compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by higherfrom lower third-party sales ofacross variable life, term life and universal life products, partially offset by lower sales across all other products, as described above.
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primarily due to pricing and product actions since the prior year period.

Assurance IQ
Operating Results

The following table sets forth Assurance IQ’s operating results for the periods indicated.indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2021202020212020 2022202120222021
(in millions)(in millions)
Operating results:Operating results:Operating results:
RevenuesRevenues$110 $75 $331 $194 Revenues$79 $113 $186 $221 
ExpensesExpenses165 105 463 263 Expenses140 151 284 298 
Adjusted operating incomeAdjusted operating income(55)(30)(132)(69)Adjusted operating income(61)(38)(98)(77)
Other adjustments(1)Other adjustments(1)(7)(12)(33)65 Other adjustments(1)(4)(13)(9)(26)
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint venturesIncome (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$(62)$(42)$(165)$(4)Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$(65)$(51)$(107)$(103)
 __________
(1)Includes certain components of the consideration for the Assurance IQ acquisition, which are recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service periods, as well as changes in the fair value of associated contingent consideration. SeeFor additional information regarding contingent consideration, see Note 14 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.Statements.




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Adjusted Operating Income

Three Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income decreased $25$23 million, primarily reflecting higher operatingan unfavorable net impact from our annual reviews and variable expenses supporting business growth, partially offset by increased revenuesupdate of assumptions and other refinements. Results for the second quarter of 2022 included a $17 million net charge from these updates primarily relatedreflecting updates to growthpersistency assumptions in the Medicare line. Excluding this item, adjusted operating income decreased $6 million, primarily reflecting a decrease in the Health Under 65 line driven by lower consumer volume and Personal Finance product lines.agent capacity.

NineSix Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income decreased $63$21 million, primarily reflecting an unfavorable net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above. Excluding this item, adjusted operating income decreased $4 million primarily reflecting a decrease in the Health Under 65 line driven by lower consumer volume and agent capacity, partially offset by an increase in the Medicare line driven by higher operatingcommission revenue, which was partially offset by higher general and variableadministrative expenses supporting business growth, partially offset by increased revenues primarily related to growth in the Medicare, Personal Finance and Life product lines.growth.

Revenues and Expenses

Three Month Comparison. Revenues increased $35decreased $34 million. Excluding the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, revenues decreased $17 million primarily due to commissionsprimarily driven by lower consumer volume and agent capacity in the Health Under 65 line, and lower case referral revenues, primarily in the Life and Personal Finance lines. These decreases were partially offset by higher commission revenue in the Medicare line.

Expenses decreased $11 million, primarily driven by lower variable expenses from the Health Under 65, Life and Personal Finance lines reflecting lower marketing costs, partially offset by higher variable expenses in the Medicare product line, driven by business growth and from a strategic shift by the business to emphasize Medicare products, as well as from higher case referral sales in the Personal Finance and other product lines. Expenses increased $60 million, driven by higher marketing and distribution costs primarily related to the Medicare and Personal Finance product lines, and higher general and administrative operating expenses supporting business growth.

NineSix Month Comparison. Revenues increased $137decreased $35 million. Excluding the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, revenues decreased $18 million primarily reflecting lower consumer volume and agent capacity in the Health Under 65 line, and lower case referral and commission revenue in the Life line. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in commission revenue in the Medicare line.
Expenses decreased $14 million, primarily due to commissionsdriven by lower variable expenses from the Health Under 65 and case referral revenuesLife lines reflecting lower marketing costs, partially offset by higher variable expenses primarily from the Medicare product line, driven by business growth and from a strategic shift by the business to emphasize Medicare products, as well as from higher case referral sales in the Personal Finance and Life product lines. Expenses increased $200 million, driven by higher marketing and distribution costs primarily related to the Medicare, Life and Personal Finance product lines, and higher general and administrative operating expenses supporting business growth.

International Businesses
 
Business UpdatesUpdate

In the second quarter of 2021,July 2022, the Company completed the sale of The Prudential Life Insurance Company of Taiwan Inc. (“POT”) to Taishin Financial Holding Co, Ltd. for cash consideration of approximately NT 5.5 billion, equal to approximately $200 million at then current exchange rates, and contingent consideration with a fair value of approximately $21 million as of September 30, 2021. See Note 1 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. Effective in the third quarter of 2020, the results of this business and the impact of its sale were reflected in Divested and Run-off Businesses that are included in Corporate and Other, and all prior period amounts have been updated to conform to the current period presentation. See “—Divested and Run-off Businesses.”
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In the first quarter of 2021, the Company acquired a 24% interestacquisition (through a private equity limited partnership managed by LeapFrog Investments) of a 15% minority interest in ICEA LION,Alexander Forbes Group Holdings Limited, a Kenya-based insurerleading provider of financial advice, retirement, investment and asset manager, for approximately $100 million.holistic wealth management services in South Africa. Subsequently, the Company issued a public tender offer to increase its stake up to 33%, which is expected to close in the third quarter of 2022. This investment is consistent with the Company’s strategic focus internationally on higher-growth emerging markets and furthers the partnership’s specific objective to identify and make strategic investments in high quality financial services companies in selected African geographies.

Operating Results
 
The results of our International Businesses’ operations are translated on the basis of weighted average monthly exchange rates, inclusive of the effects of the intercompany arrangement discussed in “—Results of Operations—Impact of Foreign Currency Exchange Rates” above. To provide a better understanding of operating performance within the International Businesses, where indicated below, we have analyzed our results of operations excluding the effect of the year over year change in foreign currency exchange rates. Our results of operations, excluding the effect of foreign currency fluctuations, were derived by translating foreign currencies to USD at uniform exchange rates for all periods presented, including for constant dollar information discussed below. For our Japan operations, we used an exchange rate of 103104 yen per USD, which was determined in connection with the foreign currency income hedging program discussed in “—Results of Operations—Impact of Foreign Currency Exchange Rates” above. In addition, for constant dollar information discussed below, activity denominated in USD is generally reported based on the amounts as transacted in USD. Annualized new business premiums presented on a constant exchange rate basis in the “Sales Results” section below reflect translation based on these same uniform exchange rates.
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The following table sets forth the International Businesses’ operating results for the periods indicated.indicated:
 
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 20212020(1)20212020(1)
 (in millions)
Operating results:
Revenues:
Life Planner$2,695 $2,548 $8,108 $7,591 
Gibraltar Life and Other2,923 2,933 8,534 8,610 
Total revenues5,618 5,481 16,642 16,201 
Benefits and expenses:
Life Planner2,220 2,134 6,762 6,513 
Gibraltar Life and Other2,511 2,572 7,319 7,526 
Total benefits and expenses4,731 4,706 14,081 14,039 
Adjusted operating income:
Life Planner475 414 1,346 1,078 
Gibraltar Life and Other412 361 1,215 1,084 
Total adjusted operating income887 775 2,561 2,162 
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments107 168 (76)843 
Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(5)(11)(25)(33)
Market experience updates(39)
Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests(19)(57)(22)
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$970 $943 $2,403 $2,911 
__________
(1)Effective second quarter of 2020, the results of POK and the impact of its sale are excluded from the International Businesses and are included in the Divested and Run-off Businesses in Corporate and Other. Effective third quarter of 2020, the results of POT and the impact of its sale are excluded from the International Businesses and are included in the Divested and Run-off Businesses in Corporate and Other. Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation. See Note 1 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about these dispositions.
 Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 2022202120222021
 (in millions)
Operating results:
Revenues:
Life Planner$2,425 $2,483 $5,349 $5,413 
Gibraltar Life and Other2,311 2,610 5,113 5,611 
Total revenues4,736 5,093 10,462 11,024 
Benefits and expenses:
Life Planner2,082 2,076 4,528 4,542 
Gibraltar Life and Other2,099 2,214 4,578 4,808 
Total benefits and expenses4,181 4,290 9,106 9,350 
Adjusted operating income:
Life Planner343 407 821 871 
Gibraltar Life and Other212 396 535 803 
Total adjusted operating income555 803 1,356 1,674 
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(799)606 (1,556)(183)
Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net29 (6)27 (20)
Market experience updates11 11 
Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests46 (16)40 (38)
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$(158)$1,387 $(122)$1,433 

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Adjusted Operating Income

Three Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income from our Life Planner operations increased $61 million, including a net unfavorable impact of $1 million from currency fluctuations, inclusive of the currency hedging program discussed above. Excluding this item, adjusted operating income from our Life Planner operations increased $62 million primarily reflecting higher net investment spread results driven by higher income on non-coupon investments, and more favorable underwriting results primarily due to the growth of business in force in our Japan and Brazil operations, partially offset by unfavorable impacts from mortality experience due to COVID-19 related claims, primarily in Brazil and Japan.

Adjusted operating income from our Gibraltar Life and Other operations increased $51 million, including a net unfavorable impact of $3 million from currency fluctuations, inclusive of the currency hedging program discussed above. Excluding this item, adjusted operating income from our Gibraltar Life and Other operations increased $54 million primarily reflecting higher earnings from our joint venture investments and lower expenses primarily due to the absence of certain costs associated with COVID-19 incurred in the prior year period. Also contributing to the increase were higher net investment spread results driven by higher income on non-coupon investments and higher prepayment fee income, partially offset by lower reinvestment yields. These increases were partially offset by less favorable underwriting results due to unfavorable mortality experience, including COVID-19 related claims, and policyholder experience.

Nine Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income from our Life Planner operations increased $268decreased $64 million, including a net unfavorable impact of $5 million from currency fluctuations, inclusive of the currency hedging program discussed above. Both periods also include the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, which resulted in a $19 million net charge in the second quarter of 2022 compared to a $2 million net benefit in 2021 compared tothe second quarter of 2021.

Excluding these items, adjusted operating income from our Life Planner operations decreased $38 million primarily reflecting lower net investment spread results driven by lower income on non-coupon investments and higher expenses. These decreases were partially offset by more favorable underwriting results primarily driven by the growth of business in force in our Japan and Brazil operations, partially offset by unfavorable policyholder behavior in Japan.

Adjusted operating income from our Gibraltar Life and Other operations decreased $184 million, including a $42net favorable impact of $3 million from currency fluctuations, inclusive of the currency hedging program discussed above. Both periods also include the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, which resulted in a $12 million net charge in 2020. Thethe second quarter of 2022 compared to a $16 million net charge in 2020 was primarily driven by unfavorable impacts related to a decrease in long-term interest rate assumptions.the second quarter of 2021.

Excluding these items, adjusted operating income from our Gibraltar Life and Other operations decreased $191 million primarily reflecting lower earnings from our joint venture investments, and lower net investment spread results driven by lower income on non-coupon investments and lower reinvestment yields. Also contributing to the decrease were less favorable underwriting results due to unfavorable mortality and morbidity experience, including COVID-19 related claims, and unfavorable policyholder behavior.

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Six Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income from our Life Planner operations decreased $50 million, including a net unfavorable impact of $11 million from currency fluctuations, inclusive of the currency hedging program discussed above. Excluding the impact of currency fluctuations, as well as the impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements as discussed above, adjusted operating income from our Life Planner operations increased $229decreased $18 million primarily reflecting higherlower net investment spread results driven by higherlower income on non-coupon investments and lower reinvestment yields, as well as higher expenses. These decreases were partially offset by lower reinvestment yields. Also contributing to the increase were more favorable underwriting results primarily due to the growth of business in force in our Japan and Brazil operations, partially offset by unfavorable impacts from mortality experience due to COVID-19 related claims, primarily in Brazil and Japan.operations.

Adjusted operating income from our Gibraltar Life and Other operations increased $131decreased $268 million, including a net unfavorablefavorable impact of $12$5 million from currency fluctuations, inclusive of the currency hedging program discussed above. Both periods also include the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, which resulted in a $16 million net charge in 2021 compared to a $52 million net charge in 2020. The net charge in 2021 reflected unfavorable impacts primarily related to lapse assumption updates. The net charge in 2020 was primarily driven by updates of reserves reflecting the impact of a decrease in long-term interest rate assumptions, as well as other refinements.

Excluding the impact of currency fluctuations, as well as the impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements as discussed above, adjusted operating income from our Gibraltar Life and Other operations increased $107decreased $277 million primarily reflecting higherlower earnings from our joint venture investments, and lower net investment spread results driven by higherlower income on non-coupon investments partially offset byand lower reinvestment yields. Also contributing to the increasedecrease were lower expenses, primarilyless favorable underwriting results due to the absence of certain costs associated withunfavorable mortality and morbidity experience, including COVID-19 incurred in the prior year period,related claims, and higher earnings from our joint venture investments.unfavorable policyholder behavior.

Revenues, Benefits and Expenses

Three Month Comparison. Revenues from our Life Planner operations increased $147decreased $58 million, including a net unfavorable impact of $32$137 million from currency fluctuations.fluctuations and a net benefit of $12 million from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Excluding this item,these items, revenues increased $179$67 million, primarily reflectinghigher net investment income driven by higher income on non-coupon investments, partially offset by lower reinvestment yields. Also contributing to the increase were higher premiums and policy charges and fee income, attributable toand higher net investment income, driven by the growth of business in force.

Benefits and expenses of our Life Planner operations increased $86$6 million, including a net favorable impact of $32$132 million from currency fluctuations.fluctuations and a net charge of $33 million from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Excluding this item,these items, benefits and expenses increased $118$105 million, primarily reflecting higher policyholders’ benefits, including changes in reserves, driven by the growth of business in force, as well as unfavorable impacts from mortality experience due to COVID-19 related claims, primarily in Brazil and Japan. Also contributing to the increase were higher expenses supporting business growth, partially offset by the absence of certain costs associated with COVID-19 incurred in the prior year period.operating expenses.
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Revenues from our Gibraltar Life and Other operations decreased $10$299 million, including a net unfavorable impact of $28$205 million from currency fluctuations. Excluding this item, revenues increased $18decreased $94 million, primarily reflecting higher net investment income driven by higher income on non-coupon investments and higher prepayment fee income, partially offset by lower reinvestment yields, and higher other income driven byfrom a more favorable impactdecline in earnings from our joint venture investments. These increases were partially offset by lower premiums and policy charges and fee income.

Benefits and expenses of our Gibraltar Life and Other operations decreased $61$115 million, including a net favorable impact of $25 million from currency fluctuations. Excluding this item, benefits and expenses decreased $36 million, primarily driven by lower expenses primarily due to the absence of certain costs associated with COVID-19 incurred in the prior year period.

Nine Month Comparison. Revenues from our Life Planner operations increased $517 million, including a net unfavorable impact of $57 million from currency fluctuations and a net charge of $34 million from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Excluding these items, revenues increased $608 million, primarily reflecting higher net investment income driven by higher income on non-coupon investments, partially offset by lower reinvestment yields. Also contributing to the increase were higher premiums and policy charges and fee income attributable to the growth of business in force.

Benefits and expenses of our Life Planner operations increased $249 million, including a net favorable impact of $52$208 million from currency fluctuations and a net benefit of $78$4 million from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Excluding these items, benefits and expenses increased $379$97 million, primarily reflecting higher policyholders’ benefits, including changes in reserves, driven by the growth of business in force.unfavorable mortality and morbidity experience, including COVID-19 related claims.

Six Month Comparison. Revenues from our Gibraltar Life and OtherPlanner operations decreased $76$64 million, including a net favorableunfavorable impact of $18$241 million from currency fluctuations and a net benefit of $9$12 million from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Excluding these items, revenues decreased $103increased $165 million, primarily reflecting lowerhigher premiums and policy charges and fee income. The decrease was partially offset byincome, and higher net investment income, driven by higher income on non-coupon investments, partially offset by lower reinvestment yields.the growth of business in force.

Benefits and expenses of our Gibraltar Life and OtherPlanner operations decreased $207$14 million, including a net unfavorablefavorable impact of $30$230 million from currency fluctuations and a net benefitcharge of $27$33 million from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Excluding these items, benefits and expenses decreased $210increased $183 million, primarily driven by lowerreflecting higher policyholders’ benefits, including changes in reserves, driven by the growth of business in force, and higher operating expenses.

Revenues from our Gibraltar Life and Other operations decreased $498 million, including a net unfavorable impact of $330 million from currency fluctuations. Excluding this item, revenues decreased $168 million, primarily reflecting lower expenses primarilyother income from a decline in earnings from our joint venture investments, lower premiums and policy charges and fee income due to the absencedecline of certain costs associated with COVID-19 incurredbusiness in the prior year period.force, and lower net investment income driven by lower income on non-coupon investments and lower reinvestment yields.

Benefits and expenses of our Gibraltar Life and Other operations decreased $230 million, including a net favorable impact of $335 million from currency fluctuations and a net benefit of $4 from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Excluding these items, benefits and expenses increased $109 million, primarily driven by unfavorable mortality and morbidity experience, including COVID-19 related claims.

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Sales Results

The following table sets forth annualized new business premiums, as defined under “—Results of Operations—Segment Measures” above, on an actual and constant exchange rate basis for the periods indicated.indicated:
 
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20212020(1)20212020(1)
 (in millions)
Annualized new business premiums:
On an actual exchange rate basis:
Life Planner$234 $381 $713 $839 
Gibraltar Life and Other269 407 788 911 
Total$503 $788 $1,501 $1,750 
On a constant exchange rate basis:
Life Planner$248 $393 $751 $863 
Gibraltar Life and Other271 408 793 915 
Total$519 $801 $1,544 $1,778 
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__________
(1)Effective second quarter of 2020, the results of POK and the impact of its sale are excluded from the International Businesses and are included in the Divested and Run-off Businesses in Corporate and Other. Effective third quarter of 2020, the results of POT and the impact of its sale are excluded from the International Businesses and are included in the Divested and Run-off Businesses in Corporate and Other. Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation. See Note 1 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about these dispositions.
 Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2022202120222021
 (in millions)
Annualized new business premiums:
On an actual exchange rate basis:
Life Planner$226 $231 $482 $479 
Gibraltar Life and Other231 261 436 519 
Total$457 $492 $918 $998 
On a constant exchange rate basis:
Life Planner$240 $236 $505 $487 
Gibraltar Life and Other240 262 447 521 
Total$480 $498 $952 $1,008 

The amount of annualized new business premiums and the sales mix in terms of types and currency denomination of products for any given period can be significantly impacted by several factors, including but not limited to: the addition of new products, discontinuation of existing products, changes in credited interest rates for certain products and other product modifications, changes in premium rates, changes in interest rates or fluctuations in currency markets, changes in tax laws, changes in life insurance regulations or changes in the competitive environment. Sales volume may increase or decrease prior to certain of these changes becoming effective, and then fluctuate in the other direction following such changes.

Our diverse product portfolio in Japan, in terms of currency mix and premium payment structure, allows us to adapt to changing market and competitive dynamics, including the extremely low interest rate environment. We regularly examine our product offerings and their related profitability and, as a result, we have repriced or discontinued sales of certain products that do not meet our profit expectations. The impact of these actions, coupled with the introduction of certain new products, has generally resulted in an increase in sales of products denominated in USD relative to products denominated in other currencies.

The table below presents annualized new business premiums on a constant exchange rate basis, by product category and distribution channel, for the periods indicated.indicated:
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2021Three Months Ended September 30, 2020(1)
 LifeAccident
&
Health
Retirement(2)AnnuityTotalLifeAccident
&
Health
Retirement(2)AnnuityTotal
 (in millions)
Life Planner$135 $17 $95 $$248 $197 $18 $178 $$393 
Gibraltar Life and Other:
Life Consultants$65 $$14 $68 $153 $122 $$26 $11 $168 
Banks(3)54 14 71 152 167 
Independent Agency20 22 47 44 26 73 
Subtotal139 39 86 271 318 10 58 22 408 
Total$274 $24 $134 $87 $519 $515 $28 $236 $22 $801 

 Three Months Ended June 30, 2022Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
 LifeAccident
&
Health
Retirement(1)Annuity(2)TotalLifeAccident
&
Health
Retirement(1)Annuity(2)Total
 (in millions)
Life Planner$133 $20 $85 $$240 $125 $18 $92 $$236 
Gibraltar Life and Other:
Life Consultants41 89 145 60 10 62 138 
Banks(3)18 14 33 48 10 61 
Independent Agency25 28 62 18 20 22 63 
Subtotal84 14 38 104 240 126 26 35 75 262 
Total$217 $34 $123 $106 $480 $251 $44 $127 $76 $498 
__________
(1)Effective second quarter of 2020, the results of POK and the impact of its sale are excluded from the International Businesses and are included in the Divested and Run-off Businesses in Corporate and Other. Effective third quarter of 2020, the results of POT and the impact of its sale are excluded from the International Businesses and are included in the Divested and Run-off Businesses in Corporate and Other. Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation. See Note 1 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about these dispositions.
(2)Includes retirement income, endowment and savings variable universal life.
(2)Includes market value adjusted investment contracts.
(3)Single pay life annualized new business premiums, which include 10% of first year premiums, and 3-year limited pay annualized new business premiums, which include 100% of new business premiums, represented 0% and 66%58%, respectively, of total Japanese bank distribution channel annualized new business premiums, excluding annuity products, for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, and 1%0% and 73%65%, respectively, of total Japanese bank distribution channel annualized new business premiums, excluding annuity products, for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020.2021.

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Three Month Comparison. Annualized new business premiums, on a constant exchange rate basis, from our Life Planner operations decreased $145increased $4 million, reflecting the absence ofprimarily driven by higher life product sales ofin Brazil, partially offset by lower USD-denominated products ahead of pricing increasessales in the prior year period.Japan.

Annualized new business premiums, on a constant exchange rate basis, from our Gibraltar Life and Other operations decreased $137$22 million. Bank channel sales decreased $28 million reflecting continued impacts from COVID-19 and lower USD-denominated life sales. Independent Agency and Life Consultants sales decreased $96$1 million $26 million and $15 million, respectively, all reflecting the absence of higheraccident & health product sales of USD-denominated products ahead of pricing increasesto a single large client in the prior year period. The decrease in Life Consultants sales was partiallyperiod, offset by higher sales oflife and USD-denominated fixed annuityendowment products driven by higher crediting rates reflecting rising interest rates in the current year period. Life Consultants sales increased $7 million, primarily driven by USD-denominated market value adjusted investment contacts, driven by rising interest rates, partially offset by lower life product sales.

The table below presents annualized new business premiums on a constant exchange rate basis, by product and distribution channel, for the periods indicated.
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020(1) Six Months Ended June 30, 2022Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
LifeAccident
&
Health
Retirement(2)AnnuityTotalLifeAccident
&
Health
Retirement(2)AnnuityTotal LifeAccident
&
Health
Retirement(1)Annuity(2)TotalLifeAccident
&
Health
Retirement(1)Annuity(2)Total
(in millions) (in millions)
Life PlannerLife Planner$408 $55 $286 $$751 $442 $52 $369 $$863 Life Planner$278 $37 $186 $$505 $260 $35 $191 $$487 
Gibraltar Life and Other:Gibraltar Life and Other:Gibraltar Life and Other:
Life ConsultantsLife Consultants$199 $20 $31 $146 $396 $263 $25 $50 $50 $388 Life Consultants101 13 19 113 246 133 13 19 78 243 
Banks(3)Banks(3)202 40 250 329 19 13 361 Banks(3)53 29 85 148 26 179 
Independent AgencyIndependent Agency55 22 63 147 84 74 166 Independent Agency46 61 116 36 21 39 99 
SubtotalSubtotal456 42 102 193 793 676 29 143 67 915 Subtotal200 21 83 143 447 317 34 63 107 521 
TotalTotal$864 $97 $388 $195 $1,544 $1,118 $81 $512 $67 $1,778 Total$478 $58 $269 $147 $952 $577 $69 $254 $108 $1,008 
__________
(1)Effective second quarter of 2020, the results of POK and the impact of its sale are excluded from the International Businesses and are included in the Divested and Run-off Businesses in Corporate and Other. Effective third quarter of 2020, the results of POT and the impact of its sale are excluded from the International Businesses and are included in the Divested and Run-off Businesses in Corporate and Other. Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation. See Note 1 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about these dispositions.
(2)Includes retirement income, endowment and savings variable universal life.
(2)Includes market value adjusted investment contracts.
(3)Single pay life annualized new business premiums, which include 10% of first year premiums, and 3-year limited pay annualized new business premiums, which include 100% of new business premiums, represented 4%0% and 59%, respectively, of total Japanese bank distribution channel annualized new business premiums, excluding annuity products, for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 5% and 66%, respectively, of total Japanese bank distribution channel annualized new business premiums, excluding annuity products, for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021, and 3% and 71%, respectively, of total Japanese bank distribution channel annualized new business premiums, excluding annuity products, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.2021.

NineSix Month Comparison. Annualized new business premiums, on a constant exchange rate basis, from our Life Planner operations decreased $112increased $18 million, reflecting the absence ofprimarily driven by higher sales of USD-denominated products ahead of pricing increases in the third quarter of 2020, as well as lowerlife product sales in the current year period as a result of those pricing increases,Brazil and Argentina, partially offset by higherlower USD-denominated sales resulting from an easing of COVID-19 restrictions in the current year period.Japan.

Annualized new business premiums, on a constant exchange rate basis, from our Gibraltar Life and Other operations decreased $122$74 million. Bank channel sales decreased $111$94 million reflecting the absence ofcontinued impacts from COVID-19 and lower USD-denominated life sales. Independent Agency sales increased $17 million, primarily driven by higher sales of USD-denominated endowment products ahead of pricing increases in the third quarter of 2020, as well as lowerand life product sales, in the current year period as a result of those pricing increases. Independent Agency sales decreased $19 million primarily drivenpartially offset by the absence of higher sales of USD-denominated products ahead of pricing increases in the third quarter of 2020, as well as lower sales in the current year period as a result of those pricing increases, partially offset by higher sales of accident & health productsproduct sales to a single large client in the currentprior year period. Life Consultants sales increased $8$3 million primarily resulting from an easing of COVID-19 restrictions compared to the prior year period, and higher sales of USD-denominated fixed annuity products driven by higher crediting rates reflectingUSD-denominated market value adjusted investment contacts, driven by rising interest rates, partially offset by the absence of higher sales of USD-denominated products ahead of pricing increases in the third quarter of 2020, as well as lower sales in the current year period as a result of those pricing increases.life product sales.


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Corporate and Other
 
Corporate and Other includes corporate operations, after allocations to our business segments, and Divested and Run-off Businesses other than those that qualify for “discontinued operations” accounting treatment under U.S. GAAP.
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
20212020(1)2021(1)2020(1) 20222021(1)20222021(1)
(in millions) (in millions)
Operating results:Operating results:Operating results:
Interest expense on debtInterest expense on debt$(209)$(233)$(628)$(678)Interest expense on debt$(209)$(211)$(407)$(419)
Investment incomeInvestment income40 25 112 100 Investment income50 36 77 72 
Pension and employee benefitsPension and employee benefits75 40 217 148 Pension and employee benefits108 80 188 142 
Other corporate activities(2)Other corporate activities(2)(366)(325)(819)(1,016)Other corporate activities(2)(208)(241)(483)(453)
Adjusted operating incomeAdjusted operating income(460)(493)(1,118)(1,446)Adjusted operating income(259)(336)(625)(658)
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustmentsRealized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(13)(514)73 (1,733)Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments15 (80)49 86 
Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), netCharges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(7)Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net11 
Market experience updatesMarket experience updates(7)(1)(3)Market experience updates24 22 (1)
Divested and Run-off BusinessesDivested and Run-off Businesses48 (83)432 (567)Divested and Run-off Businesses402 339 103 384 
Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interestsEquity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests(23)(23)(34)(15)Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests(12)(7)(36)(11)
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint venturesIncome (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$(455)$(1,116)$(644)$(3,756)Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$171 $(82)$(479)$(189)
__________
(1)Effective secondthird quarter of 2020, the results of POKthe Prudential Life Insurance Company of Taiwan Inc. (“POT”) and the impact of its sale arewere excluded from the International Businesses and are included in Divested and Run-off Businesses. Effective third quarter of 2020, the results of POT and the impact of its sale are excluded from the International Businesses and are included in Divested and Run-off Businesses. herein. Effective third quarter of 2021, the results of the Full Service Retirement business arewere excluded from the former Retirement segment and are included in Divested and Run-off Businesses. Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation. See Note 1 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information aboutregarding these divestitures.
(2)Includes consolidating adjustments.dispositions.

Three Month Comparison. The loss from Corporate and Other operations, on an adjusted operating income basis, decreased $77 million. Net charges from other corporate activities decreased $33 million primarily driven by favorable foreign exchange rate impacts, lower costs for long-term compensation plans, and a decrease in legal reserves, partially offset by higher expenses, including an increase in costs related to corporate initiatives. Pension and employee benefits results were favorable by $28 million primarily driven by higher earnings from our pension and post-retirement plans resulting from higher returns on plan assets, and lower benefit costs for these plans resulting from the sale of the Full Service Retirement business. Also contributing to the decreased loss was higher investment income of $14 million, primarily reflecting an increase in highly liquid asset balances resulting from the sales of the Full Service Retirement business and PALAC, which represented a portion of the former Individual Annuities’ variable annuity block of business.

Six Month Comparison. The loss from Corporate and Other operations, on an adjusted operating income basis, decreased $33 million. Pension and employee benefits results were favorable by $35$46 million primarily driven by higher earnings from our pension and post-retirement plans resulting from higher returns on plan assets, lower interestbenefit costs on our qualified pension plan obligations.for these plans resulting from the sales of the Full Service Retirement business and PALAC, and a favorable impact from design changes to the Company’s Retiree Medical Savings Account plan. Interest expense on debt decreased $24$12 million, primarily reflecting lower average debt balances and a decline in interest rates. Investment income increased $15 million reflecting higher asset balances. These items were partially offset by a $41 million increase in net charges from other corporate activities reflecting a $94 million cost related to the early extinguishment of debt in the current year period, which was partially offset by a decrease in other expenses.

Nine Month Comparison. The loss from Corporate and Other operations, on an adjusted operating income basis, decreased $328 million. Net charges from other corporate activities decreased $197increased $30 million primarily reflecting the absence of a significant charge to legal reserves incurreddriven by higher expenses, including an increase in the prior year period as well as lower expenses,advertising and corporate initiative costs, partially offset by increasedfavorable exchange rate impacts, lower costs related to the early extinguishment of debt in the current year period. Also contributing to the decrease were favorable results of $69 million from pension and employee benefits, primarily driven by lower interest costs on our qualified pension plan obligations, as well as $50 million of lower interest expense on debt, primarily reflecting lower average debt balancesfor long-term compensation plans, and a declinedecrease in interest rates.legal reserves.

Divested and Run-off Businesses

Divested and Run-off Businesses Included in Corporate and Other
 
Income from our Divested and Run-off Businesses includes results from several businesses that have been or will be sold or exited, including businesses that have been placed in wind down status that do not qualify for “discontinued operations” accounting treatment under U.S. GAAP. The results of these Divested and Run-off Businesses are reflected in our Corporate and Other operations but are excluded from adjusted operating income. A summary of the results of the Divested and Run-off Businesses reflected in our Corporate and Other operations is as follows for the periods indicated:
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Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,


2021202020212020

2022202120222021
(in millions) (in millions)
Long-Term CareLong-Term Care$56 $78 $302 $266 Long-Term Care$(252)$243 $(362)$246 
Other(1)Other(1)(8)(161)130 (833)Other(1)654 96 465 138 
Total Divested and Run-off Businesses income (loss) excluded from adjusted operating incomeTotal Divested and Run-off Businesses income (loss) excluded from adjusted operating income$48 $(83)$432 $(567)Total Divested and Run-off Businesses income (loss) excluded from adjusted operating income$402 $339 $103 $384 
__________
(1)Effective second quarter of 2020, the results of POK and the impact of its sale are excluded from the International Businesses and are included herein. Effective third quarter of 2020, the results of POT and the impact of its sale arewere excluded from the International Businesses and are included herein. Effective third quarter of 2021, the results of the Full Service Retirement business arewere excluded from the Retirement Strategies segment and are included herein. Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation. See Note 1 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about these divestitures.

Long-Term Care

Three Month Comparison. Results decreased $22 million compared to the prior year period primarily driven by a less favorable impact from changes in the market value of equity securities, partially offset by a favorable comparative impact from changes in the market value of derivatives used for duration management and higher investment income, including higher income on non-coupon investments.

Nine Month Comparison. Results increased $36$495 million, including a favorablean unfavorable comparative net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Results for the second quarter of 2022 included a $28 million net charge from these updates, while results for the second quarter of 2021 included a $62 million net benefit from these updates, while results for 2020 included a $33 million net charge from these updates. Excluding this item, results decreased $59$405 million compared to the prior year period primarily driven by anthe unfavorable impact from changes in the market value of derivatives used for duration management, partially offset by a favorable impactimpacts from changes in the market value of equity securities higher underwritingand derivatives used for duration management.

Six Month Comparison. Results decreased $608 million, including an unfavorable comparative net impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above. Excluding this item, results decreased $518 million compared to the prior year period primarily driven by favorable comparative policythe unfavorable impacts from changes in the market value of equity securities and claim experience, and higher investment results, including higher income on non-coupon investments.derivatives used for duration management.

Other Divested and Run-off Businesses

Results for the thirdsecond quarter and first six months of 20212022 increased $153$558 million compared toand $327 million, respectively, primarily reflecting the prior year period primarily driven by the absence of losses incurred in the third quarter of 2020 related togain on the sale of POT. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 increased $963 million compared to the prior year period primarily driven by the absence of losses incurred in 2020 related to the sales of POK and POT.Full Service Retirement business. See Note 1 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. Results for the first six months of 2022 also include losses related to the Full Service Retirement business in the prior quarter, largely driven by the impact of rising interest rates on the market value of assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities. For more information, about these divestitures.see “—Experience-Rated Contractholder Liabilities, Assets Supporting Experience-Rated Contractholder Liabilities and Other Related Investments.”

Closed Block Division
 
The Closed Block division includes certain in-force traditional domestic participating life insurance and annuity products and assets that are used for the payment of benefits and policyholder dividends on these policies (collectively the “Closed Block”), as well as certain related assets and liabilities. We no longer offer these traditional domestic participating policies. See Note 7 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
 
Each year, the Board of Directors of The Prudential Insurance Company of America (“PICA”) determines the dividends payable on participating policies for the following year based on the experience of the Closed Block, including investment income, net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses), mortality experience and other factors. Although the Closed Block experience for dividend action decisions is based upon statutory results, at the time the Closed Block was established, we developed, as required by U.S. GAAP, an actuarial calculation of the timing of the maximum future earnings from the policies included in the Closed Block. If actual cumulative earnings in any given period are greater than the cumulative earnings we expected, we record this excess as a policyholder dividend obligation. We will subsequently pay this excess to Closed Block policyholders as an additional dividend unless it is otherwise offset by future Closed Block performance that is less favorable than we originally expected. The policyholder dividends we charge to expense within the Closed Block division will include any change in our policyholder dividend obligation that we recognize for the excess of actual cumulative earnings in any given period over the cumulative earnings we expected in addition to the actual policyholder dividends declared by the Board of Directors of PICA.

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As of September 30, 2021, the excess of actual cumulative earnings over the expected cumulative earnings was $3,908 million, which was recorded as a policyholder dividend obligation. Actual cumulative earnings, as required by U.S. GAAP, reflect the recognition of realized investment gains and losses in the current period, as well as changes in assets and related liabilities that support the Closed Block policies. Additionally, the accumulation of net unrealized investment gains that have arisen subsequent to the establishment of the Closed Block has been reflected as a policyholder dividend obligation of $3,820 million at September 30, 2021, to be paid to Closed Block policyholders unless offset by future experience, with a corresponding amount reported in AOCI.
Operating Results
The following table sets forth the Closed Block division’s results for the periods indicated.
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2021202020212020
 (in millions)
U.S. GAAP results:
Revenues$1,321 $1,301 $4,299 $3,318 
Benefits and expenses1,294 1,293 4,207 3,333 
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$27 $$92 $(15)
Income (loss) Before Income Taxes and Equity in Earnings of Operating Joint Ventures

Three Month Comparison. Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures increased $19 million. Net investment activity results increased primarily reflecting higher realized investment gains driven by favorable changes in the fair value of derivatives used in risk management activities, and an increase in net investment income driven by higher income on non-coupon investments, partially offset by a decrease in other income due to less favorable changes in the value of equity securities. Net insurance activity results reflected a favorable comparative change driven by a decrease in the 2021 dividend scale and run-off of the business in force. As a result of the above and other variances, a $259 million increase in the policyholder dividend obligation was recorded in the third quarter of 2021, compared to a $161 million increase in the third quarter of 2020. If actual cumulative earnings fall below expected cumulative earnings in future periods, earnings volatility in the Closed Block division, which is primarily due to changes in investment results, may not be offset by changes in the cumulative earnings policyholder dividend obligation. For a discussion of the Closed Block division’s realized investment gains (losses), net, see “—General Account Investments.”

As of June 30, 2022, the excess of actual cumulative earnings over the expected cumulative earnings was $3,734 million, which was recorded as a policyholder dividend obligation. Actual cumulative earnings, as required by U.S. GAAP, reflect the recognition of realized investment gains and losses in the current period, as well as changes in assets and related liabilities that support the Closed Block policies. As of June 30, 2022, net unrealized investment losses have arisen subsequent to the establishment of the Closed Block due to the impacts of rising interest rates on the market value of fixed maturities available-for-sale. The impact of these net unrealized investment losses has been reflected as a decrease to the policyholder dividend obligation of $2,172 million at June 30, 2022, with a corresponding amount reported in AOCI.
Operating Results
The following table sets forth the Closed Block division’s results for the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 2022202120222021
 (in millions)
U.S. GAAP results:
Revenues$529 $1,613 $1,494 $2,978 
Benefits and expenses516 1,582 1,458 2,913 
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures$13 $31 $36 $65 
Income (loss) Before Income Taxes and Equity in Earnings of Operating Joint Ventures

NineThree Month Comparison.Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures increased $107decreased $18 million. Net investment activity results increaseddecreased primarily reflecting higherlower other income driven by favorableunfavorable changes in the value of equity securities, and an increasea decrease in realized investment gains (losses) driven by favorablelosses on the sale of fixed income investments in the current quarter and net unfavorable changes in the fair value of derivatives used in risk management activities.activities, as well as lower net investment income on coupon investments. Net insurance activity results reflected an unfavorable comparative change driven by unfavorable mortality,lower premiums due to the runoff of policies in force, partially offset by a decreasefavorable comparative change in the 2021 dividend scale.claims experience. As a result of the above and other variances, a $988$549 million reduction in the policyholder dividend obligation was recorded in the second quarter of 2022, compared to a $483 million increase in the second quarter of 2021.

Six Month Comparison. Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures decreased $29 million. Net investment activity results decreased primarily reflecting lower other income driven by unfavorable changes in the value of equity securities, a decrease in realized investment gains (losses) driven by losses on the sale of fixed income investments in the current quarter, and lower net investment income on coupon investments. Net insurance activity results reflected an unfavorable comparative change driven by lower premiums due to the runoff of policies in force, partially offset by a favorable comparative change in claims experience. As a result of the above and other variances, a $653 million reduction in the policyholder dividend obligation was recorded in the first ninesix months of 2021,2022, compared to a $192$729 million reductionincrease in the first ninesix months of 2020. If actual cumulative earnings fall below expected cumulative earnings in future periods, earnings volatility in the Closed Block division, which is primarily due to changes in investment results, may not be offset by changes in the cumulative earnings policyholder dividend obligation. For a discussion of the Closed Block division’s realized investment gains (losses), net, see “—General Account Investments.”2021.

Revenues, Benefits and Expenses

Three Month Comparison.Revenues increased $20decreased $1,084 million primarily driven by an increase in net realized investment gains and net investment income, partially offset by a decrease in other income, realized gains (losses), net investment income and lower premiums, due to runoff of policies in force, as discussed above.

Benefits and expenses increased $1decreased $1,066 million primarily driven by an increasea decrease in dividends to policyholders, reflecting an increasea reduction in the policyholder dividend obligation expense due to changes in cumulative earnings, as discussed above.

NineSix Month Comparison.Revenues increased $981decreased $1,484 million primarily driven by an increasea decrease in other income, net realized investment gains and(losses), net investment income partially offset by lowerand premiums, due to runoff of policies in force, as discussed above.

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Benefits and expenses increased $874decreased $1,455 million primarily driven by an increasea decrease in dividends to policyholders, reflecting an increasea reduction in the policyholder dividend obligation expense due to changes in cumulative earnings, as discussed above.
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Income Taxes
 
For information regarding income taxes, see Note 8 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

Experience-Rated Contractholder Liabilities,
Assets Supporting Experience-Rated Contractholder Liabilities and Other Related Investments

International Businesses.Certain products included in theour International Businesses and the divested Full Service Retirement business are experience-rated in that investment results associated with these products are expected to ultimately accrue to contractholders. The majority of investments supporting these experience-rated products are carried at fair value.

International Businesses.In our International Businesses, the experience-rated products are fully participating. As a result, the entire return on the underlying investments is passed back to policyholders through a corresponding adjustment to the related liability. These investments and related liabilities are reflected on the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as “Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, at fair value.value” and “Policyholders’ account balances,Realizedrespectively The associated realized and unrealized gains (losses) for theseon the investments are reported inon the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations as “Other income (loss)., while interest and dividend income are reported in “Net investment income.”

Adjusted operating income excludes net investment gains (losses) on assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities. This is consistent with the exclusion of realized investment gains (losses) with respect to other investments supporting insurance liabilities managed on a consistent basis. In addition, to be consistent with the historical treatment of charges related to realized investment gains (losses) on investments, adjusted operating income also excludes the change in contractholder liabilities due to asset value changes in the pool of investments supporting these experience-rated contracts, which are reflected in “Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances.” The result of this approach is that adjusted operating income for these products includes net fee revenue and interest spread we earn on these experience-rated contracts, and excludes changes in fair value of the pool of investments, both realized and unrealized, that we expect will ultimately accrue to the contractholders.

Full Service Retirement Business. Beginning withPrior to the thirdsecond quarter of 2021, the Company is reporting the assets and liabilities of2022, the Full Service Retirement business as “held-for-sale,” and has transferredincluded within the results of this business from the Retirement segment to theCompany’s Divested and Run-off Businesses within Corporate & Other operations.held two types of experience-rated products that were supported by assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities and other related investments. On April 1, 2022, the Company completed the sale of its Full Service Retirement business to Great-West. See Note 1 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Our divested Full Service Retirement business has two types of experience-rated products that are supported by assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities and other related investments. Fully participating products are those for which the entire return on underlying investments is passed back to the policyholders. Partially participating products are those for which only a portion of the return on underlying investments is passed back to the policyholders over time through changes to the contractual crediting rates. The crediting rates are typically reset semiannually, often subject to a minimum crediting rate, and returns are required to be passed back within ten years.

As of the third quarter of 2021, the assets and liabilities associated with these products are included in the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as “Assets held-for-sale” and “Liabilities held-for-sale,” respectively.information regarding this transaction. For additional information on these products and how they were recorded in the accounting treatment of these assets and liabilities inCompany’s financial statements prior periods,to the sale, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Experience-Rated Contractholder Liabilities, Assets Supporting Experience-Rated Contractholder Liabilities and Other Related Investments” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

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The following table sets forth the impact on results for the periods indicated of these items that are excluded from adjusted operating income:
 
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2021202020212020
 (in millions)
International Businesses:
Investment gains (losses) on assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, net$62 $76 $308 $(97)
Change in experience-rated contractholder liabilities due to asset value changes(62)(76)(308)97 
Gains (losses), net, on experienced rated contracts$$$$
Divested and Run-off Businesses:
Investment gains (losses) on assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, net$(91)$77 $(418)$556 
Change in experience-rated contractholder liabilities due to asset value changes88 (93)394 (553)
Gains (losses), net, on experienced rated contracts(1)(2)$(3)$(16)$(24)$
Total:
Investment gains (losses) on assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, net$(29)$153 $(110)$459 
Change in experience-rated contractholder liabilities due to asset value changes26 (169)86 (456)
Gains (losses), net, on experienced rated contracts(1)(2)$(3)$(16)$(24)$
__________ 
(1)Decreases to contractholder liabilities due to asset value changes are limited by certain floors and therefore do not reflect cumulative declines in recorded asset values of $2 million and $3 million as of September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We have recovered and expect to recover in future periods these declines in recorded asset values through subsequent increases in recorded asset values or reductions in crediting rates on contractholder liabilities.
(2)Included in the amounts above related to the change in the liability to contractholders as a result of commercial mortgage and other loans are increases of $14 million and $5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and an increase of $42 million and a decrease of $1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As prescribed by U.S. GAAP, changes in the fair value of commercial mortgage and other loans held for investment in our general account, other than when associated with impairments, are not recognized in income in the current period, while the impact of these changes in fair value are reflected as a change in the liability to fully participating contractholders in the current period.
 Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 2022202120222021
 (in millions)
International Businesses:
Investment gains (losses) on assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, net$(109)$66 $(153)$246 
Change in experience-rated contractholder liabilities due to asset value changes109 (66)153 (246)
Gains (losses), net, on experienced rated contracts$$$$
Divested and Run-off Businesses:
Investment gains (losses) on assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, net$$109 $(950)$(327)
Change in experience-rated contractholder liabilities due to asset value changes(132)818 306 
Gains (losses), net, on experienced rated contracts$$(23)$(132)$(21)
Total:
Investment gains (losses) on assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, net$(109)$175 $(1,103)$(81)
Change in experience-rated contractholder liabilities due to asset value changes109 (198)971 60 
Gains (losses), net, on experienced rated contracts$$(23)$(132)$(21)
 
For our divested Retirement Full Service business, the net impact of changes in experience-rated contractholder liabilities and investment gains (losses) on assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities and other related investments reflects timing differences between the recognition of the mark-to-market adjustments and the recognition of the recovery of these adjustments in future periods through subsequent increases in asset values or reductions in crediting rates on contractholder liabilities for partially participating products. These impacts also reflect the difference between the fair value of the underlying commercial mortgages and other loans and the amortized cost, less any valuation allowance, of these loans.
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Valuation of Assets and Liabilities
 
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities
 
The authoritative guidance related to fair value measurement establishes a framework that includes a three-level hierarchy used to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the measurement. The fair values of assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 include at least one significant unobservable input in the measurement. See Note 6 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for an additional description of the valuation hierarchy levels as well as for the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by hierarchy level presented on a consolidated basis.

The table below presents the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as of the periods indicated, and the portion of such assets and liabilities that are classified in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. The table also provides details about these assets and liabilities excluding those held in the Closed Block division. We believe the amounts excluding the Closed Block division are most relevant to an understanding of our operations that are pertinent to investors in Prudential Financial because substantially all Closed Block division assets support obligations and liabilities relating to the Closed Block policies only. See Note 7 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Closed Block.
 As of September 30, 2021(1)As of December 31, 2020
 PFI excluding Closed Block DivisionClosed Block
Division
PFI excluding Closed Block DivisionClosed Block
Division
 Total at
Fair Value
Total
Level 3(2)
Total at
Fair Value
Total
Level 3(2)
Total at
Fair Value
Total
Level 3(2)
Total at
Fair Value
Total
Level 3(2)
 (in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-
sale
$334,864 $5,332 $38,388 $1,274 $370,681 $5,005 $42,224 $1,038 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:
Fixed maturities1,096 21,414 615 
Equity securities2,263 2,043 
All other(3)58 619 20 
Subtotal3,417 24,076 635 
Fixed maturities, trading8,359 350 1,189 14 3,636 230 278 13 
Equity securities5,259 634 2,308 123 5,653 576 2,345 84 
Commercial mortgage and other
loans
1,106 1,092 
Other invested assets(4)2,583 376 2,268 366 
Short-term investments3,281 272 220 55 6,222 146 88 31 
Cash equivalents6,458 732 5,241 241 
Other assets111 111 268 268 
Separate account assets216,725 1,291 304,270 1,821 
Total assets$582,163 $8,366 $42,837 $1,466 $723,407 $9,048 $45,179 $1,166 
Future policy benefits$9,230 $9,230 $$$18,879 $18,879 $$
Policyholders’ account balances1,320 1,320 1,914 1,914 
Other liabilities(4)740 385 
Total liabilities$11,290 $10,550 $$$21,178 $20,793 $$
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 As of June 30, 2022As of December 31, 2021
 PFI excluding Closed Block DivisionClosed Block
Division
PFI excluding Closed Block DivisionClosed Block
Division
 Total at
Fair Value
Total
Level 3(1)
Total at
Fair Value
Total
Level 3(1)
Total at
Fair Value
Total
Level 3(1)
Total at
Fair Value
Total
Level 3(1)
 (in millions)
Fixed maturities, available-for-
sale
$274,367 $4,167 $32,288 $870 $334,006 $5,810 $38,404 $1,510 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities:
Fixed maturities935 1,057 
Equity securities1,850 2,271 
All other(2)20 
Subtotal2,785 3,348 
Fixed maturities, trading5,263 333 1,009 14 7,686 403 1,137 18 
Equity securities4,496 663 1,675 103 6,089 699 2,288 100 
Commercial mortgage and other
loans
303 1,263 
Other invested assets(3)2,813 496 3,749 489 
Short-term investments5,967 179 160 25 5,186 268 457 62 
Cash equivalents6,052 647 4,857 48 402 22 
Other assets243 243 164 164 
Separate account assets178,248 1,040 219,971 1,283 
Total assets$480,537 $7,121 $35,782 $1,015 $586,319 $9,164 $42,695 $1,716 
Future policy benefits$5,946 $5,946 $$$9,068 $9,068 $$
Policyholders’ account balances3,544 3,544 1,436 1,436 
Other liabilities(3)1,440 29 1,860 
Total liabilities$10,930 $9,491 $29 $$12,364 $10,504 $$
__________
(1)Excludes amounts for financial instruments reclassified to “Assets held-for-sale” of $128,234 million and “Liabilities held-for-sale” of $5,790 million. Assets held-for-sale and liabilities held-for-sale are valued on a basis consistent with similar instruments described herein. See Note 1 for additional information on the pending dispositions.
(2)Level 3 assets expressed as a percentage of total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for PFI excluding the Closed Block division and for the Closed Block division totaled 1.4%1.5% and 3.4%2.8%, respectively, as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, and 1.3%1.6% and 2.6%4.0%, respectively, as of December 31, 2020.2021.
(3)(2)“All other” represents cash equivalents and short-term investments.
(4)(3)“Other invested assets” and “Other liabilities” primarily include derivatives. The amounts include the impact of netting subject to master netting agreements.

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The determination of fair value, which for certain assets and liabilities is dependent on the application of estimates and assumptions, can have a significant impact on our results of operations and may require the application of a greater degree of judgment depending on market conditions, as the ability to value assets and liabilities can be significantly impacted by a decrease in market activity or a lack of transactions executed in an orderly manner. The continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy may have adverse effects on the valuation of assets and liabilities. Due to the highly uncertain nature of these conditions, it is not possible to estimate the overall impacts at this time.

Fixed maturity securities included in Level 3 in our fair value hierarchy are generally priced based on internally-developed valuations or indicative broker quotes. For certain private fixed maturity and equity securities, the internal valuation models use significant unobservable inputs and, accordingly, such securities are included in Level 3 in our fair value hierarchy. Level 3 fixed maturity securities for PFI excluding the Closed Block division included approximately $1.7$1.3 billion of public fixed maturities as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, with values primarily based on indicative broker quotes, and approximately $4.7$3.2 billion of private fixed maturities, with values primarily based on internally-developed models. Significant unobservable inputs used in their valuation included: issue specific spread adjustments, material non-public financial information, management judgment, estimation of future earnings and cash flows, default rate assumptions, liquidity assumptions and indicative quotes from market makers. Separate account assets included in Level 3 in our fair value hierarchy primarily include corporate securities and commercial mortgage loans.

Embedded derivatives reported in “Future policy benefits” and “Policyholders’ account balances” that are included in Level 3 of our fair value hierarchy represent general account liabilities pertaining to living benefit features of the Company’s
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variable annuity contracts and the index-linked interest credited features on certain life and annuity products. These are carried at fair value with changes in fair value included in “Realized investment gains (losses), net.” These embedded derivatives are valued using internally-developed models that require significant estimates and assumptions developed by management. Changes in these estimates and assumptions can have a significant impact on the results of our operations.
 
For additional information about the valuation techniques and the key estimates and assumptions used in our determination of fair value, see Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.
 
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General Account Investments
 
Portfolio Composition
 
Our investment portfolio consists of public and private fixed maturity securities, commercial mortgage and other loans, policy loans and non-coupon investments, which include equity securities and other invested assets such as limited partnerships and limited liability companies (“LPs/LLCs”), real estate held through direct ownership, derivative instruments and seed money investments in separate accounts. The composition of our general account reflects, within the discipline provided by our risk management approach, our need for competitive results and the selection of diverse investment alternatives available primarily through our PGIM segment. The size of our portfolio enables us to invest in asset classes that may be unavailable to the typical investor.
 
The following tables set forth the composition of our general account investment portfolio apportioned between PFI excluding the Closed Block division and the Closed Block division, as of the dates indicated:
 
September 30, 2021 June 30, 2022
PFI Excluding
Closed Block Division(1)
Closed Block
Division
Total PFI Excluding
Closed Block Division
Closed Block
Division
Total
($ in millions) ($ in millions)
Fixed maturities:Fixed maturities:Fixed maturities:
Public, available-for-sale, at fair valuePublic, available-for-sale, at fair value$279,788 66.0 %$27,777 $307,565 Public, available-for-sale, at fair value$221,603 61.4 %$22,881 $244,484 
Public, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowancePublic, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance1,464 0.4 1,464 Public, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance1,202 0.3 1,202 
Private, available-for-sale, at fair valuePrivate, available-for-sale, at fair value54,589 12.9 10,611 65,200 Private, available-for-sale, at fair value52,314 14.5 9,407 61,721 
Private, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowancePrivate, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance180 0.1 180 Private, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance78 0.0 78 
Fixed maturities, trading, at fair valueFixed maturities, trading, at fair value8,146 1.9 1,189 9,335 Fixed maturities, trading, at fair value5,075 1.4 1,009 6,084 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, at fair valueAssets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, at fair value3,424 0.8 3,424 Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, at fair value2,785 0.8 2,785 
Equity securities, at fair valueEquity securities, at fair value4,721 1.1 2,308 7,029 Equity securities, at fair value4,065 1.1 1,675 5,740 
Commercial mortgage and other loans, at book value, net of allowanceCommercial mortgage and other loans, at book value, net of allowance48,432 11.4 8,227 56,659 Commercial mortgage and other loans, at book value, net of allowance48,570 13.4 7,956 56,526 
Policy loans, at outstanding balancePolicy loans, at outstanding balance6,599 1.6 3,872 10,471 Policy loans, at outstanding balance6,322 1.7 3,702 10,024 
Other invested assets, net of allowance(2)(1)Other invested assets, net of allowance(2)(1)11,911 2.8 4,120 16,031 Other invested assets, net of allowance(2)(1)12,930 3.6 4,256 17,186 
Short-term investments, net of allowanceShort-term investments, net of allowance4,358 1.0 339 4,697 Short-term investments, net of allowance6,646 1.8 175 6,821 
Total general account investmentsTotal general account investments423,612 100.0 %58,443 482,055 Total general account investments361,590 100.0 %51,061 412,651 
Invested assets of other entities and operations(3)(2)Invested assets of other entities and operations(3)(2)6,735 6,735 Invested assets of other entities and operations(3)(2)5,745 5,745 
Total investmentsTotal investments$430,347 $58,443 $488,790 Total investments$367,335 $51,061 $418,396 

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December 31, 2020 December 31, 2021
PFI Excluding
Closed Block Division
Closed Block
Division
Total PFI Excluding
Closed Block Division(3)
Closed Block
Division
Total
($ in millions) ($ in millions)
Fixed maturities:Fixed maturities:Fixed maturities:
Public, available-for-sale, at fair valuePublic, available-for-sale, at fair value$309,813 63.7 %$29,475 $339,288 Public, available-for-sale, at fair value$276,868 65.0 %$28,167 $305,035 
Public, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowancePublic, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance1,719 0.4 1,719 Public, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance1,413 0.3 1,413 
Private, available-for-sale, at fair valuePrivate, available-for-sale, at fair value60,224 12.4 12,749 72,973 Private, available-for-sale, at fair value56,660 13.3 10,237 66,897 
Private, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowancePrivate, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance211 0.1 211 Private, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance101 0.1 101 
Fixed maturities, trading, at fair valueFixed maturities, trading, at fair value3,425 0.7 277 3,702 Fixed maturities, trading, at fair value7,473 1.8 1,137 8,610 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, at fair valueAssets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, at fair value24,115 5.0 24,115 Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, at fair value3,358 0.8 3,358 
Equity securities, at fair valueEquity securities, at fair value5,108 1.1 2,345 7,453 Equity securities, at fair value5,587 1.3 2,288 7,875 
Commercial mortgage and other loans, at book value, net of allowanceCommercial mortgage and other loans, at book value, net of allowance55,892 11.5 8,421 64,313 Commercial mortgage and other loans, at book value, net of allowance49,146 11.6 8,241 57,387 
Policy loans, at outstanding balancePolicy loans, at outstanding balance7,207 1.5 4,064 11,271 Policy loans, at outstanding balance6,571 1.5 3,815 10,386 
Other invested assets, net of allowance(2)(1)Other invested assets, net of allowance(2)(1)10,716 2.1 3,610 14,326 Other invested assets, net of allowance(2)(1)12,485 2.9 4,358 16,843 
Short-term investments, net of allowanceShort-term investments, net of allowance7,640 1.5 124 7,764 Short-term investments, net of allowance6,043 1.4 557 6,600 
Total general account investmentsTotal general account investments486,070 100.0 %61,065 547,135 Total general account investments425,705 100.0 %58,800 484,505 
Invested assets of other entities and operations(3)(2)Invested assets of other entities and operations(3)(2)6,485 6,485 Invested assets of other entities and operations(3)(2)7,694 7,694 
Total investmentsTotal investments$492,555 $61,065 $553,620 Total investments$433,399 $58,800 $492,199 
__________
(1)    Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $42,443 million as of September 30, 2021. See Note 1 of the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements for additional information on the pending dispositions.
(2)Other invested assets consist of investments in LPs/LLCs, investment real estate held through direct ownership, derivative instruments and other miscellaneous investments. For additional information regarding these investments, see “—Other Invested Assets” below.
(3)(2)Includes invested assets of our investment management and derivative operations. Excludes assets of our investment management operations that are managed for third-parties and those assets classified as “Separate account assets” on our balance sheet. For additional information regarding these investments, see “—Invested Assets of Other Entities and Operations” below.
(3)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $40,669 million as of December 31, 2021. See Note 1 of the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements for additional information.

The decrease in general account investments attributable to PFI excluding the Closed Block division in the first ninesix months of 20212022 was primarily due to an increase in U.S. interest rates and the translation impact of the U.S. dollar strengthening against the yen, partially offset by the reinvestment of net investment income and net business inflows. Also included in the decrease are balances that were reclassified to “Assets held-for-sale”. For information regarding the methodology used in determining the fair value of our fixed maturities, see Note 6 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
As of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, 47% and 48% and 43%, respectively, of our general account investments attributable to PFI excluding the Closed Block division related to our Japanese insurance operations. The following table sets forth the composition of the investments of our Japanese insurance operations’ general account, as of the dates indicated:

June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in millions)
Fixed maturities:
Public, available-for-sale, at fair value$118,161 $146,600 
Public, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance1,202 1,413 
Private, available-for-sale, at fair value19,431 21,079 
Private, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance78 101 
Fixed maturities, trading, at fair value680 839 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, at fair value2,785 3,328 
Equity securities, at fair value1,829 2,187 
Commercial mortgage and other loans, at book value, net of allowance19,024 19,969 
Policy loans, at outstanding balance2,500 2,726 
Other invested assets(1)4,622 4,203 
Short-term investments, net of allowance240 692 
Total Japanese general account investments$170,552 $203,137 
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September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
(in millions)
Fixed maturities:
Public, available-for-sale, at fair value$147,669 $154,261 
Public, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance1,4641,719 
Private, available-for-sale, at fair value21,29121,748 
Private, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance180211 
Fixed maturities, trading, at fair value824550 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities, at fair value3,3593,149 
Equity securities, at fair value2,2432,134 
Commercial mortgage and other loans, at book value, net of allowance19,89419,915 
Policy loans, at outstanding balance2,7743,078 
Other invested assets(1)3,8173,045 
Short-term investments, net of allowance547438 
Total Japanese general account investments$204,062 $210,248 
__________ 
(1)Other invested assets consist of investments in LPs/LLCs, investment real estate held through direct ownership, derivative instruments and other miscellaneous investments.

The decrease in general account investments related to our Japanese insurance operations in the first ninesix months of 20212022 was primarily due to an increase in U.S. interest rates and the translation impact of the U.S. dollar strengthening against the yen, partially offset by portfolio growth as a result of net business inflows and the reinvestment of net investment income.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, our Japanese insurance operations had $91.0$85.8 billion, at carrying value, of investments denominated in U.S. dollars, including $1.8$2.0 billion that were hedged to yen through third-party derivative contracts and $78.1$74.4 billion that support liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars, with the remainder constituting part of the hedging of foreign currency exchange rate exposure to U.S. dollar-equivalent equity. As of December 31, 2020,2021, our Japanese insurance operations had $89.2$92.5 billion, at carrying value, of investments denominated in U.S. dollars, including $1.8$2.1 billion that were hedged to yen through third-party derivative contracts and $74.8$80.2 billion that support liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars, with the remainder constituting part of the hedging of foreign currency exchange rate exposure of U.S. dollar-equivalent equity. The $1.8$6.7 billion increasedecrease in the carrying value of U.S. dollar-denominated investments from December 31, 20202021 was primarily attributable to an increase in U.S. interest rates partially offset by reinvestment of net investment income and portfolio growth as a result of net business inflows, partially offset by an increase in U.S. interest rates.inflows.

Our Japanese insurance operations had $8.5$6.0 billion and $10.2$8.0 billion, at carrying value, of investments denominated in Australian dollars that support liabilities denominated in Australian dollars as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively. The $1.7$2.0 billion decrease in the carrying value of Australian dollar-denominated investments from December 31, 20202021 was primarily attributable to run-off of the portfolio and an increase in Australian government bond rates. For additional information regarding U.S. and Australian dollar investments held in our Japanese insurance operations and a discussion of our yen hedging strategy, see “—Results of Operations by Segment—Impact of Foreign Currency Exchange Rates” above.

Investment Results
 
The following tables set forth the investment results of our general account apportioned between PFI excluding the Closed Block division, and the Closed Block division, for the periods indicated. The yields are based on net investment income as reported under U.S. GAAP and as such do not include certain interest-related items, such as settlements of duration management swaps which are included in “Realized investment gains (losses), net.”

2021 to 2020 Three Month Comparison

























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Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
PFI Excluding Closed Block Division and Japanese Operations(6)Japanese Insurance OperationsPFI Excluding Closed Block Division(6)Closed Block DivisionTotal(5)
Yield(1)AmountYield(1)AmountYield(1)AmountAmountAmount
($ in millions)
Fixed maturities(2)4.51 %$1,753 2.73 %$994 3.65 %$2,747 $362 $3,109 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities2.82 139 0.89 2.54 146 146 
Equity securities1.06 1.02 1.04 13 10 23 
Commercial mortgage and other loans3.85 344 3.79 189 3.83 533 84 617 
Policy loans5.00 48 3.79 27 4.48 75 57 132 
Short-term investments and cash equivalents0.57 16 0.52 0.57 17 18 
Gross investment income4.04 2,307 2.81 1,224 3.51 3,531 514 4,045 
Investment expenses(0.10)(40)(0.14)(62)(0.12)(102)(32)(134)
Investment income after investment expenses3.94 %2,267 2.67 %1,162 3.39 %3,429 482 3,911 
Other invested assets(3)491 133 624 168 792 
Investment results of other entities and operations(4)14 14 14 
Total investment income$2,772 $1,295 $4,067 $650 $4,717 
2022 to 2021 Three Month Comparison
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
PFI Excluding Closed Block Division and Japanese OperationsJapanese Insurance OperationsPFI Excluding Closed Block DivisionClosed Block DivisionTotal(5)
Yield(1)AmountYield(1)AmountYield(1)AmountAmountAmount
($ in millions)
Fixed maturities(2)4.43 %$1,686 2.70 %$943 3.60 %$2,629 $341 $2,970 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities0.00 0.84 0.21 
Equity securities1.68 6.75 33 3.89 42 51 
Commercial mortgage and other loans3.45 266 3.60 174 3.51 440 80 520 
Policy loans5.02 47 3.76 25 4.51 72 54 126 
Short-term investments and cash equivalents1.69 51 1.45 1.68 54 56 
Gross investment income4.00 2,059 2.83 1,185 3.48 3,244 486 3,730 
Investment expenses(0.03)(18)(0.13)(63)(0.08)(81)(34)(115)
Investment income after investment expenses3.97 %2,041 2.70 %1,122 3.40 %3,163 452 3,615 
Other invested assets(3)205 62 267 68 335 
Investment results of other entities and operations(4)(12)(12)(12)
Total investment income$2,234 $1,184 $3,418 $520 $3,938 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
PFI Excluding Closed Block Division and Japanese OperationsJapanese Insurance OperationsPFI Excluding Closed Block DivisionClosed Block DivisionTotal(5)PFI Excluding Closed Block Division and Japanese OperationsJapanese Insurance OperationsPFI Excluding Closed Block DivisionClosed Block DivisionTotal(5)
Yield(1)AmountYield(1)AmountYield(1)AmountAmountAmountYield(1)AmountYield(1)AmountYield(1)AmountAmountAmount
($ in millions)($ in millions)
Fixed maturities(2)Fixed maturities(2)4.55 %$1,859 2.80 %$986 3.74 %$2,845 $398 $3,243 Fixed maturities(2)4.58 %$1,753 2.72 %$976 3.68 %$2,729 $391 $3,120 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilitiesAssets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities3.09 161 2.21 15 2.99 176 176 Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities3.01 157 0.82 2.71 164 164 
Equity securitiesEquity securities3.32 19 1.17 2.34 25 11 36 Equity securities1.48 10 6.66 36 3.73 46 12 58 
Commercial mortgage and other loansCommercial mortgage and other loans3.81 335 3.75 181 3.79 516 87 603 Commercial mortgage and other loans4.01 357 3.80 189 3.93 546 96 642 
Policy loansPolicy loans5.35 60 3.02 24 4.37 84 61 145 Policy loans5.22 52 3.49 25 4.49 77 50 127 
Short-term investments and cash equivalentsShort-term investments and cash equivalents0.48 27 0.43 0.48 29 30 Short-term investments and cash equivalents0.66 18 0.52 0.65 19 20 
Gross investment incomeGross investment income3.96 2,461 2.86 1,214 3.52 3,675 558 4,233 Gross investment income4.13 2,347 2.86 1,234 3.58 3,581 550 4,131 
Investment expensesInvestment expenses(0.13)(65)(0.14)(60)(0.13)(125)(31)(156)Investment expenses(0.15)(77)(0.14)(62)(0.15)(139)(30)(169)
Investment income after investment expensesInvestment income after investment expenses3.83 %2,396 2.72 %1,154 3.39 %3,550 527 4,077 Investment income after investment expenses3.98 %2,270 2.72 %1,172 3.43 %3,442 520 3,962 
Other invested assets(3)Other invested assets(3)138 85 223 55 278 Other invested assets(3)287 122 409 109 518 
Investment results of other entities and operations(4)Investment results of other entities and operations(4)91 91 91 Investment results of other entities and operations(4)72 72 72 
Total investment incomeTotal investment income$2,625 $1,239 $3,864 $582 $4,446 Total investment income$2,629 $1,294 $3,923 $629 $4,552 
__________ 
(1)For interim periods, yields are annualized. The denominator in the yield percentage is based on quarterly average carrying values for all asset types except for fixed maturities which are based on amortized cost, net of allowance. Amounts for fixed maturities, short-term investments and cash equivalents are also netted for securities lending activity (i.e., income netted for rebate expenses and asset values netted for securities lending liabilities). A yield is not presented for other invested assets as it is not considered a meaningful measure of investment performance. Yields exclude investment income and assets related to other invested assets.
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(2)Includes fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity and excludes fixed maturity securities classified as trading, which are included in other invested assets.
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(3)Other invested assets consist of investments in LPs/LLCs, investment real estate held through direct ownership, derivative instruments, fixed maturities classified as trading and other miscellaneous investments.
(4)Includes net investment income of our investment management operations.
(5)The total yield was 3.46% and 3.48%3.53% for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2022 and 2021, and 2020, respectively.
(6)The denominator in the yield percentage includes “Assets held-for-sale”. See Note 1 of the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statement for additional information on the pending dispositions.

The increase in investment income after investment expenses yield attributable to our general account investments, excluding both the Closed Block division and the Japanese insurance operations’ portfolio, for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020, was primarily the result of the absence of lower yielding fixed income securities previously held within businesses divested over the last twelve months.2021, remained relatively unchanged.

The decrease in investment income after investment expenses yield attributable to the Japanese insurance operations’ portfolio, for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020, was primarily the result of lower fixed income reinvestment rates.2021, remained relatively unchanged.

Both the U.S. dollar-denominated and Australian dollar-denominated fixed maturities that are not hedged to yen through third-party derivative contracts provide a yield that is substantially higher than the yield on comparable yen-denominated fixed maturities. The average amortized cost of U.S. dollar-denominated fixed maturities that are not hedged to yen through third-party derivative contracts was approximately $60.3$61.6 billion and $55.3$57.9 billion for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. The majority of U.S. dollar-denominated fixed maturities support liabilities that are denominated in U.S. dollars. The average amortized cost of Australian dollar-denominated fixed maturities that are not hedged to yen through third-party derivative contracts was approximately $7.7$6.4 billion and $8.1$8.0 billion for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. The majority of Australian dollar-denominated fixed maturities support liabilities that are denominated in Australian dollars. For additional information regarding U.S. and Australian dollar investments held in our Japanese insurance operations, see “—Results of Operations by Segment—Impact of Foreign Currency Exchange Rates” above.

2022 to 2021 to 2020 NineSix Month Comparison
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
PFI Excluding Closed Block Division and Japanese Operations(6)Japanese Insurance OperationsPFI Excluding Closed Block Division(6)Closed Block DivisionTotal(5)PFI Excluding Closed Block Division and Japanese OperationsJapanese Insurance OperationsPFI Excluding Closed Block DivisionClosed Block DivisionTotal(5)
Yield(1)AmountYield(1)AmountYield(1)AmountAmountAmountYield(1)AmountYield(1)AmountYield(1)AmountAmountAmount
($ in millions)($ in millions)
Fixed maturities(2)Fixed maturities(2)4.55 %$5,293 2.71 %$2,939 3.66 %$8,232 $1,117 $9,349 Fixed maturities(2)4.52 %$3,468 2.70 %$1,909 3.65 %$5,377 $678 $6,055 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilitiesAssets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities2.95 444 0.95 23 2.67 467 467 Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities2.01 123 0.97 16 1.80 139 139 
Equity securitiesEquity securities1.13 24 2.84 46 1.87 70 34 104 Equity securities1.34 19 3.66 37 2.29 56 20 76 
Commercial mortgage and other loansCommercial mortgage and other loans3.93 1,043 3.81 564 3.89 1,607 265 1,872 Commercial mortgage and other loans3.55 593 3.63 352 3.58 945 160 1,105 
Policy loansPolicy loans5.12 151 4.06 87 4.67 238 165 403 Policy loans4.91 93 3.89 51 4.49 144 108 252 
Short-term investments and cash equivalentsShort-term investments and cash equivalents0.50 42 0.46 0.50 45 47 Short-term investments and cash equivalents1.05 66 1.76 1.08 72 75 
Gross investment incomeGross investment income4.08 6,997 2.82 3,662 3.54 10,659 1,583 12,242 Gross investment income4.01 4,362 2.80 2,371 3.47 6,733 969 7,702 
Investment expensesInvestment expenses(0.13)(187)(0.14)(180)(0.13)(367)(93)(460)Investment expenses(0.09)(89)(0.14)(123)(0.11)(212)(64)(276)
Investment income after investment expensesInvestment income after investment expenses3.95 %6,810 2.68 %3,482 3.41 %10,292 1,490 11,782 Investment income after investment expenses3.92 %4,273 2.66 %2,248 3.36 %6,521 905 7,426 
Other invested assets(3)Other invested assets(3)1,034 348 1,382 375 1,757 Other invested assets(3)584 136 720 169 889 
Investment results of other entities and operations(4)Investment results of other entities and operations(4)112 112 112 Investment results of other entities and operations(4)(19)(19)(19)
Total investment incomeTotal investment income$7,956 $3,830 $11,786 $1,865 $13,651 Total investment income$4,838 $2,384 $7,222 $1,074 $8,296 

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
PFI Excluding Closed Block Division and Japanese OperationsJapanese Insurance OperationsPFI Excluding Closed Block DivisionClosed Block DivisionTotal(5)
Yield(1)AmountYield(1)AmountYield(1)AmountAmountAmount
($ in millions)
Fixed maturities(2)4.58 %$5,606 2.79 %$2,884 3.76 %$8,490 $1,192 $9,682 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities3.22 476 2.16 43 3.09 519 519 
Equity securities2.36 40 3.05 45 2.68 85 34 119 
Commercial mortgage and other loans3.95 1,035 3.87 550 3.92 1,585 269 1,854 
Policy loans5.36 186 3.42 78 4.59 264 185 449 
Short-term investments and cash equivalents0.92 158 0.95 12 0.93 170 176 
Gross investment income4.05 7,501 2.90 3,612 3.59 11,113 1,686 12,799 
Investment expenses(0.12)(212)(0.14)(184)(0.13)(396)(106)(502)
Investment income after investment expenses3.93 %7,289 2.76 %3,428 3.46 %10,717 1,580 12,297 
Other invested assets(3)157 137 294 58 352 
Investment results of other entities and operations(4)185 185 185 
Total investment income$7,631 $3,565 $11,196 $1,638 $12,834 
__________ 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
PFI Excluding Closed Block Division and Japanese OperationsJapanese Insurance OperationsPFI Excluding Closed Block DivisionClosed Block DivisionTotal(5)
Yield(1)AmountYield(1)AmountYield(1)AmountAmountAmount
($ in millions)
Fixed maturities(2)4.57 %$3,540 2.69 %$1,945 3.66 %$5,485 $755 $6,240 
Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities2.93 305 0.98 16 2.67 321 321 
Equity securities1.18 17 3.76 40 2.29 57 24 81 
Commercial mortgage and other loans3.94 699 3.78 375 3.88 1,074 181 1,255 
Policy loans5.14 103 4.14 60 4.72 163 108 271 
Short-term investments and cash equivalents0.47 26 0.45 0.47 28 29 
Gross investment income4.09 4,690 2.81 2,438 3.54 7,128 1,069 8,197 
Investment expenses(0.15)(147)(0.14)(118)(0.14)(265)(61)(326)
Investment income after investment expenses3.94 %4,543 2.67 %2,320 3.40 %6,863 1,008 7,871 
Other invested assets(3)543 215 758 207 965 
Investment results of other entities and operations(4)98 98 98 
Total investment income$5,184 $2,535 $7,719 $1,215 $8,934 
________ 
(1)For interim periods, yields are annualized. The denominator in the yield percentage is based on quarterly average carrying values for all asset types except for fixed maturities which are based on amortized cost, net of allowance. Amounts for fixed maturities, short-term investments and cash equivalents are also netted for securities lending activity (i.e., income netted for rebate expenses and asset values netted for securities lending liabilities). A yield is not presented for other invested assets as it is not considered a meaningful measure of investment performance. Yields exclude investment income and assets related to other invested assets.
(2)Includes fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity and excludes fixed maturity securities classified as trading, which are included in other invested assets.
(3)Other invested assets consist of investments in LPs/LLCs, investment real estate held through direct ownership, derivative instruments, fixed maturities classified as trading and other miscellaneous investments.
(4)Includes net investment income of our investment management operations.
(5)The total yield was 3.48%3.42% and 3.54%3.48% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2022 and 2021, and 2020, respectively.
(6)The denominator in the yield percentage includes “Assets held-for-sale”. See Note 1 of the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statement for additional information on the pending dispositions.

The increase in investment income after investment expenses yield attributable to our general account investments, excluding both the Closed Block division and the Japanese insurance operations’ portfolio, for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020, was primarily the result of the absence of lower yielding fixed income securities previously held within businesses divested over the last twelve months.2021, remained relatively unchanged.

The decrease in investment income after investment expenses yield attributable to the Japanese insurance operations’ portfolio, for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2020, was primarily the result of lower fixed income reinvestment rates.2021, remained relatively unchanged.

Both the U.S. dollar-denominated and Australian dollar-denominated fixed maturities that are not hedged to yen through third-party derivative contracts provide a yield that is substantially higher than the yield on comparable yen-denominated fixed maturities. The average amortized cost of U.S. dollar-denominated fixed maturities that are not hedged to yen through third-party derivative contracts was approximately $59.9$61.6 billion and $53.3$58.0 billion for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. The majority of U.S. dollar-denominated fixed maturities support liabilities that are denominated in U.S. dollars. The average amortized cost of Australian dollar-denominated fixed maturities that are not hedged to yen through third-party derivative contracts was approximately $8.0$6.4 billion and $8.0$8.3 billion for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. The majority of Australian dollar-denominated fixed maturities support liabilities that are denominated in Australian dollars. For additional information regarding U.S. and Australian dollar investments held in our Japanese insurance operations, see “—Results of Operations by Segment—Impact of Foreign Currency Exchange Rates” above.




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Realized Investment Gains and Losses

The following table sets forth “Realized investment gains (losses), net” of our general account apportioned between PFI excluding Closed Block division, and the Closed Block division, by investment type as well as “Related adjustments” and “Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net” for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021202020212020 2022202120222021
(in millions) (in millions)
PFI excluding Closed Block Division:PFI excluding Closed Block Division:PFI excluding Closed Block Division:
Realized investment gains (losses), net:Realized investment gains (losses), net:Realized investment gains (losses), net:
(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses on fixed maturities(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses on fixed maturities$(11)$89 $28 $(129)(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses on fixed maturities$58 $28 $16 $39 
Write-downs on fixed maturities(1)Write-downs on fixed maturities(1)(106)(206)Write-downs on fixed maturities(1)(60)(61)
Net gains (losses) on sales and maturitiesNet gains (losses) on sales and maturities144 329 1,343 784 Net gains (losses) on sales and maturities(577)149 (913)1,199 
Fixed maturity securities(2)Fixed maturity securities(2)133 312 1,371 449 Fixed maturity securities(2)(579)177 (958)1,238 
(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses on loans(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses on loans38 92 (1)(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses on loans(66)45 (63)54 
Net gains (losses) on sales and maturitiesNet gains (losses) on sales and maturitiesNet gains (losses) on sales and maturities(10)(10)
Commercial mortgage and other loansCommercial mortgage and other loans38 93 Commercial mortgage and other loans(76)45 (73)55 
DerivativesDerivatives14 (416)1,021 (3,017)Derivatives(636)165 (745)1,007 
OTTI losses on other invested assets recognized in earningsOTTI losses on other invested assets recognized in earnings(31)(46)(9)OTTI losses on other invested assets recognized in earnings(6)(6)(6)(15)
(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses on other invested assets(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses on other invested assets(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses on other invested assets(1)
Other net gains (losses)Other net gains (losses)43 136 22 Other net gains (losses)99 28 102 93 
OtherOther12 90 13 Other94 23 95 78 
SubtotalSubtotal197 (101)2,575 (2,547)Subtotal(1,197)410 (1,681)2,378 
Investment results of other entities and operations(3)Investment results of other entities and operations(3)67 66 117 Investment results of other entities and operations(3)110 (40)178 (1)
Total — PFI excluding Closed Block DivisionTotal — PFI excluding Closed Block Division264 (97)2,641 (2,430)Total — PFI excluding Closed Block Division(1,087)370 (1,503)2,377 
Related adjustments(4)Related adjustments(4)(148)333 (876)(328)Related adjustments(4)(1,047)(15)(1,652)(728)
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustmentsRealized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments116 236 1,765 (2,758)Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments(2,134)355 (3,155)1,649 
Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(4)Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(4)(18)(69)(254)(353)Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net(4)(216)(555)(236)
Realized investment gains (losses), net, and charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net and adjustmentsRealized investment gains (losses), net, and charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net and adjustments$98 $167 $1,511 $(3,111)Realized investment gains (losses), net, and charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net and adjustments$(2,350)$358 $(3,710)$1,413 
Closed Block Division:Closed Block Division:Closed Block Division:
Realized investment gains (losses), net:Realized investment gains (losses), net:Realized investment gains (losses), net:
(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses on fixed maturities(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses on fixed maturities$(1)$(3)$16 $(23)(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses on fixed maturities$25 $24 $(10)$17 
Write-downs on fixed maturities(1)Write-downs on fixed maturities(1)(27)(83)Write-downs on fixed maturities(1)(26)(31)
Net gains (losses) on sales and maturitiesNet gains (losses) on sales and maturities87 121 359 329 Net gains (losses) on sales and maturities(64)111 (56)272 
Fixed maturity securities(2)Fixed maturity securities(2)86 91 375 223 Fixed maturity securities(2)(65)135 (97)289 
(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses on loans(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses on loans12 (Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses on loans(10)(9)
Net gains (losses) on sales and maturitiesNet gains (losses) on sales and maturities(6)(3)Net gains (losses) on sales and maturities
Commercial mortgage and other loansCommercial mortgage and other loans12 Commercial mortgage and other loans(10)(9)
DerivativesDerivatives77 (71)116 49 Derivatives13 121 153 39 
(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses on other invested assets(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses on other invested assetsN/A
Other net gains (losses)Other net gains (losses)(4)(8)Other net gains (losses)(7)(7)
OtherOther(4)(8)Other(7)
Subtotal — Closed Block DivisionSubtotal — Closed Block Division168 18 505 266 Subtotal — Closed Block Division(60)265 40 337 
Consolidated PFI realized investment gains (losses), netConsolidated PFI realized investment gains (losses), net$432 $(79)$3,146 $(2,164)Consolidated PFI realized investment gains (losses), net$(1,147)$635 $(1,463)$2,714 
__________
(1)Amounts represent write-downs of credit adverse securities write-downs on securities approaching maturities related to foreign exchange movements and securities actively marketed for sale.
(2)Includes fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity and excludes fixed maturity securities classified as trading.
(3)Includes “realized investment gains (losses), net” of our investment management operations.
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(4)Prior period amounts haveamount has been updated to conform to current period presentation.

Three Month Comparison. Comparison. Net gainslosses on sales and maturities of fixed maturity securities were $144$577 million for the thirdsecond quarter of 20212022 primarily driven by rotation sales of public securities into private securities and mortgage loans coupled with relative value trading in a higher interest rate environment, partially offset by the impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements on U.S. and Australian dollar-denominated securities that matured or were sold within our International Businesses segment. Net gains on sales and maturities of fixed maturity securities were $329$149 million for the thirdsecond quarter of 20202021 primarily driven by the impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements on U.S. and Australian dollar-denominated securities that matured or were sold within our International Businesses segment and other sales of fixed maturity securities within our domestic segments driven by interest rate declines during the investment holding period.segments.

For the third quarter of 2021, the $11 million net addition to allowance for credit losses for fixed maturities was due to adverse projected cash flows on investments in the transportation and capital goods sectors within corporate securities, partially offset by a net release on restructured securities within the energy sector. In the third quarter of 2020, the $89 million net release of allowance for credit losses for fixed maturities was primarily related to a release on restructured securities in the energy sector within corporate securities and foreign government securities.

Net realized gainslosses on derivative instruments of $14$636 million, for the thirdsecond quarter of 20212022 primarily included:

$2061,758 million of losses on interest rate derivatives due to an increase in the swap and U.S. Treasury rates; and
$81 million of losses on credit default swaps due to spreads widening.

Partially offsetting these losses were:

$491 million of gains on product-related embedded derivatives and related hedge positions associated with certain variable annuity contracts;
$417 million of gains on capital hedges due to decreases in equity indices; and
$355 million of gains on foreign currency hedges due to U.S. dollar appreciation versus the Euro, British pound sterlingPound, Brazilian Real, Australian dollar, and Euro;Chilean Peso.

Net realized gains on derivative instruments of $165 million, for the second quarter of 2021 primarily included:

$1,103 million of gains on interest rate derivatives due to decrease in the swap and U.S. Treasury rates;
$87 million of gains on foreign currency hedges due to U.S. dollar interest rates declining more than foreign interest rates; and
$2736 million of gains for fees earned on fee-based synthetic guaranteed investment contracts.

Partially offsetting these gains were:

$140 million of losses on interest rate derivatives due to an increase in the swap and U.S. Treasury rates;
$61 million of losses on capital hedges due to increases in equity indices; and
$24625 million of losses on product-related embedded derivatives and related hedge positions associated with certain variable annuity contracts.

Net realized losses on derivative instruments of $416 million for the third quarter of 2020 primarily included:

contracts; and
$839464 million of losses on capital hedges due to increases in equity indices;
$289 million of losses on foreign currency hedges due to U.S. dollar depreciation versus the British pound sterling, euro and Australian dollar; and
$207 million of losses on interest rate derivatives due to increases in the swap and U.S. Treasury rates.indices.

Partially offsetting these losses were:

$883 million of gains on product-related embedded derivatives and related hedge positions associated with certain
variable annuity contracts.

For a discussion of living benefit guarantees and related hedge positions in our Individual Annuities segment,Retirement Strategies business, see “—Results of Operations by Segment—U.S. Businesses—Individual Annuities”Retirement Strategies above.

Included in the table above are “Related adjustments,” which include the portions of “Realized investment gains (losses), net” that are either (1) included in adjusted operating income or (2) included in other reconciling line items to adjusted operating income, such as “Market experience updates” and “Divested and Run-off Businesses.” “Related adjustments” also includes the portions of “Other income (loss)” and “Net investment income” that are excluded from adjusted operating income. These adjustments are made to arrive at “Realized investment gains (losses), net, and related adjustments” which is excluded from adjusted operating income. See Note 13 for additional details on adjusted operating income and its reconciliation to “Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures.” Results for the thirdsecond quarter of 20212022 and 20202021 reflect net related adjustments of $(148)$(1,047) million and $333$(15) million, respectively. Both periods include changes in the fair value of equity securities and fixed income securities that are designated as trading, as well as settlements and changes in the value of derivatives. Results for the first six months of 2022 also include the impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements on certain non-local currency denominated assets and liabilities.

Also included in the table above are “Charges related to realized investment gains (losses), net,” which are excluded from adjusted operating income and which may be reflected as either a net charge or net benefit. Results for the thirdsecond quarter of 2022 and 2021 and 2020 reflectreflected a net chargescharge of $18$216 million and $69a net benefit of $3 million, respectively, and were primarily driven by the impact of derivative activity on the amortization of DAC and other costs, and certain policyholder reserves.reserves, inclusive of impacts from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements.

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NineSix Month Comparison. Comparison. Net losses on sales and maturities of fixed maturity securities were $913 million for the first six months of 2022 primarily driven by rotation sales of public securities into private securities and mortgage loans coupled with relative value trading in a higher interest rate environment, partially offset by the impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements on U.S. and Australian dollar-denominated securities that matured or sold within our International Businesses segment. Net gains on sales and maturities of fixed maturity securities were $1,343$1,199 million for the first ninesix months of 2021 primarily driven by the sales of U.S. treasuries acquired in a higher interest-rate environment within our domestic segments and the impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements on U.S. and Australian dollar-denominated securities that matured or were sold within our International Businesses segment.

Net gainsrealized losses on sales and maturitiesderivative instruments of fixed maturity securities were $784$745 million, for the first ninesix months of 20202022 primarily driven by the impactincluded:

$3,183 million of foreign currency exchange rate movementslosses on U.S. and Australian dollar-denominated securities that matured or were sold within our International Businesses segment and other sales of fixed maturity securities within our domestic segments from interest rate declines duringderivatives due to an increase in the investment holding period.swap and U.S. Treasury rates; and
$99 million of losses on credit default swaps due to spreads widening.

The net releasePartially offsetting these losses were:

$1,841 million of the allowance for credit lossesgains on product-related embedded derivatives and related to fixed maturity securities was $28hedge positions associated with certain variable annuity contracts;
$544 million in the first nine months of 2021gains on capital hedges due to the overall improved credit environmentdecreases in the energyequity indices; and consumers cyclical sectors within corporate securities, partially offset by net additions in the transportation and utility sectors within corporate securities
$240 million of gains on foreign currency hedges due to adverse projected cash flows. The net addition toU.S. dollar appreciation versus the allowance for credit losses related to fixed maturity securities was $129 million in the first nine months of 2020Euro, British Pound, Brazilian Real, Australian dollar, and was concentrated in the energy, communications and consumer cyclical sectors within corporate securities due to liquidity concerns, downgrades in credit, bankruptcy or other adverse financial conditions of the respective issuers. Partially offsetting the addition was a release related to restructured securities in the energy sector within corporate securities and foreign government securities.Chilean Peso.

Net realized gains on derivative instruments of $1,021$1,007 million for the first ninesix months of 2021 primarily included:

$2,2242,248 million of gains on product-related embedded derivatives and related hedge positions associated with certain variable annuity contracts; and
$303107 million of gains on foreign currency hedges due to U.S. dollar appreciation versus the British pound sterlingEuro and Euro.due to U.S. dollar interest rates declining more than foreign interest rates.

Partially offsetting these gains were:

$856795 million of losses on capital hedges due to increases in equity indices; and
$765625 million of losses on interest rate derivatives due to increases in the swap and U.S. Treasury rates.

Net realized losses on derivative instruments of $3,017 million for the first nine months of 2020 primarily included:

$4,708 million of losses on product-related embedded derivatives and related hedge positions associated with certain variable annuity contracts; and
$1,071 million of losses on capital hedges due to increases in equity indices.

Partially offsetting these losses were:

$2,000 million of gains on interest rate derivatives due to decreases in swap and U.S. Treasury rates;
$608 million of gains on foreign currency hedges due to U.S. dollar appreciation versus the British pound sterling and due to USD interest rates declining more than foreign interest rates; and
$102 million of gains for fees earned on fee-based synthetic GICs.

For a discussion of living benefit guarantees and related hedge positions in our Individual Annuities segment,Retirement Strategies business, see “—Results of Operations by Segment—U.S. Businesses—Individual Annuities”Retirement Strategies above.

Results for the first ninesix months of 2022 and 2021 and 2020 reflectreflected net related adjustments of $(876)$(1,652) million and $(328)$(728) million, respectively. Both periods include changes in the fair value of equity securities and fixed income securities that are designated as trading, as well as settlements and changes in the value of derivatives. Results for the first six months of 2022 also include the impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements on certain non-local currency denominated assets and liabilities.

Results for the first ninesix months of 20212022 and 20202021 reflect net charges of $254$555 million and $353$236 million, respectively, and were primarily driven by the impact of derivative activity on the amortization of DAC and other costs, and certain policyholder reserves.reserves, inclusive of impacts from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements.

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Credit Losses

The level of credit losses generally reflects current and expected economic conditions and is expected to increase when economic conditions worsen and to decrease when economic conditions improve. Historically, the causes of credit losses have been specific to each individual issuer and have not directly resulted in credit losses to other securities within the same industry or geographic region. We may also realize additional credit and interest rate-related losses through sales of investments pursuant to our credit risk and portfolio management objectives.

We maintain separate monitoring processes for public and private fixed maturities and create watch lists to highlight securities that require special scrutiny and management. For private placements, our credit and portfolio management processes help ensure prudent controls over valuation and management. We have separate pricing and authorization processes to establish “checks and balances” for new investments. We apply consistent standards of credit analysis and due diligence for all transactions, whether they originate through our own in-house staff or through agents. Our regional offices closely monitor the
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portfolios in their regions. We set all valuation standards centrally, and we assess the fair value of all investments quarterly. Our public and private fixed maturity investment managers formally review all public and private fixed maturity holdings on a quarterly basis and more frequently when necessary to identify potential credit deterioration whether due to ratings downgrades, unexpected price variances and/or company or industry-specific concerns.

For LPs/LLCs accounted for using the equity method and for wholly-owned investment real estate, the carrying value of these investments is written down or impaired to fair value when a decline in value is considered to be other-than-temporary. For additional information regarding our OTTI policies, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

COVID-19

We believe our investment portfolio has been diligently constructed with a strong focus on ALM discipline, risk management, and capital preservation. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, we have benefited fromour portfolio has remained resilient, bolstered by our portfolio construction, investment strategy and our experience in managing highly specialized asset classes throughout credit cycles. While the economy continues to re-open and recover, there could be periods of volatility. The market expectations for credit migration and related losses continue to decrease significantly. The sectors most impacted from COVID-19 have started to recover but may lag the general economic improvement. We continue to monitor our portfolio for potential credit issues and opportunities as part of our overall portfolio and risk management process.
Russia and Ukraine Exposure

In April 2022, we divested all of our holdings in Russian sovereign and state-owned enterprises and have no direct investment exposure in either country as of the date of this filing.

General Account Investments of PFI excluding Closed Block Division
In the following sections, we provide details about our investment portfolio, excluding investments held in the Closed Block division. We believe the details of the composition of our investment portfolio excluding the Closed Block division are most relevant to an understanding of our operations that are pertinent to investors in Prudential Financial, Inc. because substantially all Closed Block division assets support obligations and liabilities relating to the Closed Block policies only. See Note 7 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Closed Block.

Fixed Maturity Securities
 
In the following sections, we provide details about our fixed maturity securities portfolio, which excludes fixed maturity securities classified as assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities and classified as trading.
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Fixed Maturity Securities by Industry
 
The following table sets forth the composition of the portion of our fixed maturity, available-for-sale portfolio by industry category attributable to PFI excluding the Closed Block division and the associated gross unrealized gains and losses, as well as the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”), as of the dates indicated:
 
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September 30, 2021December 31, 2020 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Industry(1)Industry(1)Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
ACLFair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
ACLFair
Value
Industry(1)Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
ACLFair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
ACLFair
Value
(in millions) (in millions)
Corporate securities:Corporate securities:Corporate securities:
FinanceFinance$36,775 $3,591 $164 $$40,202 $37,577 $5,240 $70 $$42,747 Finance$36,978 $406 $3,350 $$34,032 $37,669 $3,362 $175 $$40,855 
Consumer non-cyclicalConsumer non-cyclical29,134 3,680 172 32,641 28,891 5,085 52 33,924 Consumer non-cyclical30,273 620 3,038 27,855 30,345 3,675 182 33,838 
UtilityUtility23,420 3,241 115 19 26,527 24,235 4,504 60 11 28,668 Utility24,148 537 2,348 20 22,317 23,617 3,076 114 21 26,558 
Capital goodsCapital goods13,646 1,409 70 14,980 13,711 1,947 49 15,607 Capital goods15,252 294 1,644 23 13,879 14,556 1,352 85 15,814 
Consumer cyclicalConsumer cyclical10,459 1,069 45 11,483 11,196 1,536 52 13 12,667 Consumer cyclical9,947 243 833 9,355 10,504 1,049 52 11,501 
Foreign agenciesForeign agencies5,162 676 23 5,815 5,323 903 11 6,215 Foreign agencies4,312 147 274 4,185 5,204 603 21 5,786 
EnergyEnergy11,650 1,377 62 12,963 12,257 1,583 118 58 13,664 Energy11,020 335 896 10,459 11,487 1,336 60 12,763 
CommunicationsCommunications6,573 1,059 52 31 7,549 6,013 1,343 35 22 7,299 Communications6,416 269 641 13 6,031 6,524 1,041 53 39 7,473 
Basic industryBasic industry5,913 670 33 6,550 5,895 914 17 6,792 Basic industry6,574 152 620 6,100 6,385 662 41 7,005 
TransportationTransportation9,387 1,043 68 19 10,343 10,067 1,568 40 11,595 Transportation9,352 243 926 10 8,659 9,532 997 69 19 10,441 
TechnologyTechnology4,502 289 37 4,751 3,717 381 14 4,084 Technology4,178 55 409 3,824 4,723 274 41 4,953 
Industrial otherIndustrial other4,369 513 45 4,837 4,485 778 21 5,242 Industrial other4,443 92 626 3,909 4,340 540 35 4,845 
Total corporate securitiesTotal corporate securities160,990 18,617 886 80 178,641 163,367 25,782 539 106 188,504 Total corporate securities162,893 3,393 15,605 76 150,605 164,886 17,967 928 93 181,832 
Foreign government(2)Foreign government(2)85,012 12,497 460 97,049 93,521 16,229 236 109,514 Foreign government(2)71,451 6,342 3,229 74,561 82,752 11,741 521 93,971 
Residential mortgage-backed(3)Residential mortgage-backed(3)2,616 137 11 2,742 2,572 198 2,770 Residential mortgage-backed(3)2,353 35 119 2,269 2,451 117 13 2,555 
Asset-backedAsset-backed8,429 113 8,536 11,584 137 67 11,654 Asset-backed8,091 137 198 8,030 8,678 114 10 8,782 
Commercial mortgage-backedCommercial mortgage-backed8,332 508 8,832 10,296 883 11,171 Commercial mortgage-backed7,888 26 320 7,594 8,434 459 15 8,878 
U.S. GovernmentU.S. Government22,303 4,736 85 26,954 25,959 8,348 15 34,292 U.S. Government20,742 1,865 1,708 20,899 20,747 5,133 21 25,859 
State & MunicipalState & Municipal9,978 1,660 15 11,623 10,142 1,991 12,132 State & Municipal9,990 383 414 9,959 9,992 1,667 11,651 
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(4)Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(4)$297,660 $38,268 $1,471 $80 $334,377 $317,441 $53,568 $866 $106 $370,037 Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(4)$283,408 $12,181 $21,593 $79 $273,917 $297,940 $37,198 $1,516 $94 $333,528 
__________ 
(1)Investment data has been classified based on standard industry categorizations for domestic public holdings and similar classifications by industry for all other holdings.
(2)As of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, based on amortized cost, 89%87% and 86%89%, respectively, represent Japanese government bonds held by our Japanese insurance operations with no other individual country representing no more than 4%5% of the balance at both periods.balance.
(3)As of both SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, based on amortized cost, more than 99% and 97% were rated A or higher.higher, respectively.
(4)Excluded from the table above are securities held outside the general account in other entities and operations. For additional information regarding investments held outside the general account, see “—Invested Assets of Other Entities and Operations” below. Also excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $15,643$13,569 million (amortized cost of $14,985$13,145 million) as of September 30,December 31, 2021. Unrealized gains of $783$572 million, unrealized losses of $123$147 million and the allowance for credit losses of $2$1 million as of December 31, 2021, related to these held for sale assets are also excluded from the presentation. See Note 1 of the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.

The decrease in net unrealized gains (losses) from December 31, 20202021 to SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 was primarily due to an increase in U.S. interest rates.

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The following table sets forth the composition of the portion of our fixed maturity, held-to-maturity portfolio by industry category attributable to PFI excluding the Closed Block division and the associated gross unrealized gains and losses, as well as the allowance for credit losses, as of the dates indicated:

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September 30, 2021December 31, 2020 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Industry(1)Industry(1)Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
ACLAmortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
ACLIndustry(1)Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
ACLAmortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
ACL
(in millions) (in millions)
Corporate securities:Corporate securities:Corporate securities:
FinanceFinance$500 $54 $$554 $$651 $67 $$718 $Finance$419 $28 $$447 $$486 $49 $$535 $
Basic industryBasic industry81 82 87 89 Basic industry
Total corporate securitiesTotal corporate securities581 55 636 738 69 807 Total corporate securities426 28 454 495 49 544 
Foreign government(2)Foreign government(2)859 235 1,094 935 270 1,205 Foreign government(2)706 155 861 833 221 1,054 
Residential mortgage-backed(3)Residential mortgage-backed(3)210 16 226 266 20 286 Residential mortgage-backed(3)151 160 191 14 205 
Total fixed maturities, held-to-maturityTotal fixed maturities, held-to-maturity$1,650 $306 $$1,956 $$1,939 $359 $$2,298 $Total fixed maturities, held-to-maturity$1,283 $192 $$1,475 $$1,519 $284 $$1,803 $
__________ 
(1)Investment data has been classified based on standard industry categorizations for domestic public holdings and similar classifications by industry for all other holdings.
(2)As of Septemberboth June 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, based on amortized cost, 97% and 98%, respectively, represent Japanese government bonds held by our Japanese insurance operations.
(3)As of both SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, based on amortized cost, all were rated A or higher.

Fixed Maturity Securities Credit Quality
 
The Securities Valuation Office (“SVO”) of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) evaluates the investments of insurers for statutory reporting purposes and assigns fixed maturity securities to one of six categories called “NAIC Designations.” In general, NAIC Designations of “1” highest quality, or “2” high quality, include fixed maturities considered investment grade, which include securities rated Baa3 or higher by Moody’s Investor Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or BBB- or higher by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services (“S&P”). NAIC Designations of “3” through “6” generally include fixed maturities referred to as below investment grade, which include securities rated Ba1 or lower by Moody’s and BB+ or lower by S&P. The NAIC Designations for commercial mortgage-backed securities and non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities, including our asset-backed securities collateralized by sub-prime mortgages, are based on security level expected losses as modeled by an independent third-party (engaged by the NAIC) and the statutory carrying value of the security, including any purchase discounts or impairment charges previously recognized.

As a result of time lags between the funding of investments, the finalization of legal documents, and the completion of the SVO filing process, the fixed maturity portfolio includes certain securities that have not yet been designated by the SVO as of each balance sheet date. Pending receipt of SVO designations, the categorization of these securities by NAIC Designation is based on the expected ratings indicated by internal analysis.

Investments of our international insurance companies are not subject to NAIC guidelines. Investments of our Japanese insurance operations are regulated locally by the Financial Services Agency (“FSA”), an agency of the Japanese government. The FSA has its own investment quality criteria and risk control standards. Our Japanese insurance companies comply with the FSA’s credit quality review and risk monitoring guidelines. The credit quality ratings of the investments of our Japanese insurance companies are based on ratings assigned by nationally recognized credit rating agencies, including Moody’s and S&P, or rating equivalents based on ratings assigned by Japanese credit ratings agencies.

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The following table sets forth our fixed maturity, available-for-sale portfolio by NAIC Designation or equivalent rating attributable to PFI excluding the Closed Block division, as of the dates indicated:
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September 30, 2021December 31, 2020June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
NAIC Designation(1) (2)NAIC Designation(1) (2)Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses(3)
ACLFair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses(3)
ACLFair
Value
NAIC Designation(1) (2)Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses(3)
ACLFair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses(3)
ACLFair
Value
(in millions) (in millions)
11$210,587 $29,521 $784 $$239,324 $229,951 $41,311 $381 $$270,881 1$194,633 $10,334 $12,362 $$192,605 $207,926 $28,904 $666 $$236,164 
2268,365 7,625 366 75,624 68,458 10,683 180 78,961 270,134 1,468 7,280 64,322 70,437 7,283 408 77,312 
Subtotal High or Highest Quality Securities(4)Subtotal High or Highest Quality Securities(4)278,952 37,146 1,150 314,948 298,409 51,994 561 349,842 Subtotal High or Highest Quality Securities(4)264,767 11,802 19,642 256,927 278,363 36,187 1,074 313,476 
3311,745 799 153 12,391 11,913 1,192 95 13,010 311,516 210 1,182 10,544 12,279 716 235 12,760 
445,133 193 112 5,214 5,119 211 119 23 5,188 45,193 135 573 4,755 5,475 194 140 5,520 
551,417 81 45 31 1,422 1,629 123 67 16 1,669 51,564 26 170 30 1,390 1,389 68 47 27 1,383 
66413 49 11 49 402 371 48 24 67 328 6368 26 49 301 434 33 20 58 389 
Subtotal Other Securities(5) (6)Subtotal Other Securities(5) (6)18,708 1,122 321 80 19,429 19,032 1,574 305 106 20,195 Subtotal Other Securities(5) (6)18,641 379 1,951 79 16,990 19,577 1,011 442 94 20,052 
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(7)Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(7)$297,660 $38,268 $1,471 $80 $334,377 $317,441 $53,568 $866 $106 $370,037 Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(7)$283,408 $12,181 $21,593 $79 $273,917 $297,940 $37,198 $1,516 $94 $333,528 
__________ 
(1)Reflects equivalent ratings for investments of the international insurance operations.
(2)Includes, as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020, 5972021, 745 securities with amortized cost of $4,035$7,028 million (fair value, $4,068$6,519 million) and 102617 securities with amortized cost of $356$4,547 million (fair value, $382$4,596 million), respectively, that have been categorized based on expected NAIC Designations pending receipt of SVO ratings.
(3)As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, includes gross unrealized losses of $195$1,229 million on public fixed maturities and $126$722 million on private fixed maturities considered to be other than high or highest quality and, as of December 31, 2020,2021, includes gross unrealized losses of $184$295 million on public fixed maturities and $121$147 million on private fixed maturities considered to be other than high or highest quality.
(4)On an amortized cost basis, as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, includes $236,714$217,029 million of public fixed maturities and $42,238$47,738 million of private fixed maturities and, as of December 31, 2020,2021, includes $253,387$234,323 million of public fixed maturities and $45,022$44,040 million of private fixed maturities.
(5)On an amortized cost basis, as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, includes $9,753$9,529 million of public fixed maturities and $8,955$9,112 million of private fixed maturities and, as of December 31, 2020,2021, includes $9,592$9,824 million of public fixed maturities and $9,440$9,753 million of private fixed maturities.
(6)On an amortized cost basis, as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, securities considered below investment grade based on low issue composite ratings total $15,454$15,777 million, or 5%6% of the total fixed maturities, and include securities considered high or highest quality by the NAIC based on the rules described above.
(7)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $15,643$13,569 million at fair value as of September 30,December 31, 2021. See Note 1 of the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.

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The following table sets forth our fixed maturity, held-to-maturity portfolio by NAIC Designation or equivalent rating attributable to PFI excluding the Closed Block division, as of the dates indicated:

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September 30, 2021December 31, 2020June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
NAIC Designation(1)NAIC Designation(1)Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses(2)
Fair
Value
ACLAmortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses(2)
Fair
Value
ACLNAIC Designation(1)Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses(2)
Fair
Value
ACLAmortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses(2)
Fair
Value
ACL
(in millions) (in millions)
11$1,556 $298 $$1,854 $$1,839 $349 $$2,188 $1$1,205 $186 $$1,391 $$1,428 $276 $$1,704 $
2294 102 100 10 110 278 84 91 99 
Subtotal High or Highest Quality Securities(3)Subtotal High or Highest Quality Securities(3)1,650 306 1,956 1,939 359 2,298 Subtotal High or Highest Quality Securities(3)1,283 192 1,475 1,519 284 1,803 
333
444
555
666
Subtotal Other SecuritiesSubtotal Other SecuritiesSubtotal Other Securities
Total fixed maturities, held-to-maturityTotal fixed maturities, held-to-maturity$1,650 $306 $$1,956 $$1,939 $359 $$2,298 $Total fixed maturities, held-to-maturity$1,283 $192 $$1,475 $$1,519 $284 $$1,803 $
__________ 
(1)Reflects equivalent ratings for investments of the international insurance operations.
(2)As of both SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, there were no gross unrealized losses on public fixed maturities and private fixed maturities considered to be other than high or highest quality.
(3)On an amortized cost basis, as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, includes $1,470$1,204 million of public fixed maturities and $180$79 million of private fixed maturities and, as of December 31, 2020,2021, includes $1,728$1,418 million of public fixed maturities and $211$101 million of private fixed maturities.

Asset-Backed and Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities

The following table sets forth the amortized cost and fair value of asset-backed and commercial mortgage-backed securities within our fixed maturity available-for-sale portfolio attributable to PFI excluding the Closed Block division by credit quality, as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Asset-Backed
Securities(2)
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities(3)Asset-Backed
Securities(2)
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities(3)
Low Issue Composite Rating(1)Amortized CostFair
Value
Amortized CostFair
Value
Amortized CostFair
Value
Amortized CostFair
Value
(in millions)
AAA$7,487 $7,530 $8,321 $8,821 $11,327 $11,323 $10,284 $11,159 
AA836 838 139 144 
A11 11 16 17 
BBB16 18 12 13 
BB and below79 139 90 157 
Total(4)$8,429 $8,536 $8,332 $8,832 $11,584 $11,654 $10,296 $11,171 

June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Asset-Backed
Securities(2)
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities(3)Asset-Backed
Securities(2)
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities(3)
Low Issue Composite Rating(1)Amortized CostFair
Value
Amortized CostFair
Value
Amortized CostFair
Value
Amortized CostFair
Value
(in millions)
AAA$6,049 $6,039 $7,877 $7,584 $7,180 $7,225 $8,423 $8,867 
AA1,809 1,718 1,395 1,395 
A147 141 12 12 
BBB20 20 18 20 
BB and below66 112 73 130 
Total(4)$8,091 $8,030 $7,888 $7,594 $8,678 $8,782 $8,434 $8,878 
__________ 
(1)The table above provides ratings as assigned by nationally recognized rating agencies as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, including S&P, Moody’s, Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”) and Morningstar, Inc. (“Morningstar”). Low issue composite rating uses ratings from the major credit rating agencies or if these are not available an equivalent internal rating. For securities where the ratings assigned are not equivalent, the second lowest rating is utilized.
(2)Includes collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), credit-tranched securities collateralized by home equityeducation loans, auto loans and other asset types.
(3)As of Septemberboth June 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, based on amortized cost, 99% and 98%, respectively, were securities with vintages of 2013 or later.
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(4)Excludes fixed maturity securities classified as “Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities” and “Fixed maturities, trading,” as well as securities held outside the general account in other entities and operations. Also excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $1,609$1,391 million and $1,154$1,024 million at fair value of asset-backed securities and commercial mortgage-backed securities, respectively, as of September 30,December 31, 2021. See Note 1 of the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.

Included in “Asset-backed securities” above are investments in CLOs. The following table sets forth information pertaining to these investments in CLOs within our fixed maturity available-for-sale portfolio attributable to PFI excluding the Closed Block division, as of the dates indicated:
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September 30, 2021December 31, 2020June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Collateralized Loan ObligationsCollateralized Loan Obligations
Low Issue Composite Rating(1)Low Issue Composite Rating(1)Amortized CostFair
Value
Amortized CostFair
Value
Low Issue Composite Rating(1)Amortized CostFair
Value
Amortized CostFair
Value
(in millions)(in millions)
AAAAAA$6,574 $6,593 $9,554 $9,506 AAA$5,267 $5,267 $6,361 $6,388 
AAAA734 732 AA1,759 1,667 1,295 1,292 
AAA12 11 10 10 
BBBBBBBBB13 12 10 10 
BB and belowBB and belowBB and below11 
Total(2)(3)Total(2)(3)$7,334 $7,351 $9,559 $9,511 Total(2)(3)$7,062 $6,966 $7,684 $7,708 
__________ 
(1)The table above provides ratings as assigned by nationally recognized rating agencies as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, including S&P, Moody’s, Fitch and Morningstar. Low issue composite rating uses ratings from the major credit rating agencies or if these are not available an equivalent internal rating. For securities where the ratings assigned are not equivalent, the second lowest rating is utilized.
(2)There was no allowance for credit losses as of both SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020.2021.
(3)Excludes fixed maturity securities classified as “Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities” and “Fixed maturities, trading,” as well as securities held outside the general account in other entities and operations. Also excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $1,491$1,277 million at fair value as of September 30,December 31, 2021. See Note 1 of the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.

Assets Supporting Experience-Rated Contractholder Liabilities
 
For information regarding the composition of “Assets supporting experience-rated contractholder liabilities,” see Note 3 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

Commercial Mortgage and Other Loans
 
Investment Mix

The following table sets forth the composition of our commercial mortgage and other loans portfolio attributable to PFI excluding the Closed Block division, as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in millions) (in millions)
Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loansCommercial mortgage and agricultural property loans$47,816 $55,223 Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans$48,099 $48,550 
Uncollateralized loansUncollateralized loans574 655 Uncollateralized loans485 561 
Residential property loansResidential property loans74 101 Residential property loans49 67 
Other collateralized loansOther collateralized loans68 120 Other collateralized loans107 70 
Total recorded investment gross of allowance(1)Total recorded investment gross of allowance(1)48,532 56,099 Total recorded investment gross of allowance(1)48,740 49,248 
Allowance for credit lossesAllowance for credit losses(100)(207)Allowance for credit losses(170)(102)
Total net commercial mortgage and other loans(2)Total net commercial mortgage and other loans(2)$48,432 $55,892 Total net commercial mortgage and other loans(2)$48,570 $49,146 
__________
(1)As a percentage of recorded investment gross of allowance, more than 99% of these assets were current as of both SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020, respectively.2021.
(2)Excluded from the table above are commercial mortgage and other loans held outside the general account in other entities and operations. For additional information regarding commercial mortgage and other loans held outside the general account, see “—Invested Assets of Other Entities and Operations” below. Also excluded are “Assets held-for-sale” of $7,539$6,565 million net of allowance for credit losses of $12$15 million as of September 30,December 31, 2021. See Note 1 of the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.

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We originate commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans using a dedicated sales and underwriting staff through our various regional offices in the U.S. and international offices primarily in London and Tokyo. All loans are underwritten consistently to our standards using a proprietary quality rating system that has been developed from our industry experience in real estate and mortgage lending.

Uncollateralized loans primarily represent corporate loans held by the Company’s international insurance operations.
 
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Residential property loans primarily include Japanese recourse loans. UponTo the extent there is a default ofon these recourse loans, we can make a claim against the personal assets of the property owner, in addition to the mortgaged property. These loans are also backed by third-party guarantors.

Other collateralized loans include mezzanine real estate debt investments and consumer loans.

Composition of Commercial Mortgage and Agricultural Property Loans
 
Our commercial mortgage and agricultural property loan portfolio strategy emphasizes diversification by property type and geographic location. The following tables set forth the breakdown of the gross carrying values of commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans attributable to PFI excluding the Closed Block division by geographic region and property type, as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Gross
Carrying
Value
% of
Total
Gross
Carrying
Value
% of
Total
Gross
Carrying
Value
% of
Total
Gross
Carrying
Value
% of
Total
($ in millions) ($ in millions)
Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by region:Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by region:Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by region:
U.S. Regions(1):U.S. Regions(1):U.S. Regions(1):
PacificPacific$17,558 36.7 %$19,186 34.7 %Pacific$17,565 36.4 %$17,744 36.5 %
South AtlanticSouth Atlantic7,673 16.1 8,710 15.8 South Atlantic7,301 15.2 7,570 15.6 
Middle AtlanticMiddle Atlantic5,748 12.0 6,500 11.8 Middle Atlantic5,556 11.6 5,179 10.7 
East North CentralEast North Central2,596 5.4 3,018 5.5 East North Central2,400 5.0 2,490 5.1 
West South CentralWest South Central4,328 9.1 5,426 9.8 West South Central5,334 11.1 4,965 10.2 
MountainMountain2,006 4.2 2,239 4.1 Mountain1,963 4.1 2,203 4.5 
New EnglandNew England1,159 2.4 1,664 3.0 New England1,338 2.8 1,409 2.9 
West North CentralWest North Central446 0.9 531 0.9 West North Central498 1.0 468 1.0 
East South CentralEast South Central760 1.6 836 1.5 East South Central1,185 2.5 1,099 2.3 
Subtotal-U.S.Subtotal-U.S.42,274 88.4 48,110 87.1 Subtotal-U.S.43,140 89.7 43,127 88.8 
EuropeEurope3,374 7.1 4,605 8.3 Europe3,119 6.4 3,308 6.8 
AsiaAsia951 2.0 979 1.8 Asia842 1.8 919 1.9 
OtherOther1,217 2.5 1,529 2.8 Other998 2.1 1,196 2.5 
Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans(2)Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans(2)$47,816 100.0 %$55,223 100.0 %Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans(2)$48,099 100.0 %$48,550 100.0 %
__________
(1)Regions as defined by the United States Census Bureau.
(2)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $7,551$6,580 million as of September 30,December 31, 2021. See Note 1 of the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.

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September 30, 2021December 31, 2020 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Gross
Carrying
Value
% of
Total
Gross
Carrying
Value
% of
Total
Gross
Carrying
Value
% of
Total
Gross
Carrying
Value
% of
Total
($ in millions) ($ in millions)
Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type:Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type:Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type:
IndustrialIndustrial$11,809 24.7 %$13,819 25.0 %Industrial$11,823 24.6 %$11,773 24.3 %
RetailRetail5,137 10.7 5,718 10.4 Retail4,895 10.2 5,294 10.9 
OfficeOffice8,638 18.1 10,719 19.4 Office7,963 16.6 8,454 17.4 
Apartments/Multi-FamilyApartments/Multi-Family13,769 28.8 15,316 27.7 Apartments/Multi-Family13,772 28.6 13,734 28.3 
Agricultural propertiesAgricultural properties3,342 7.0 3,273 5.9 Agricultural properties4,814 10.0 4,375 9.0 
HospitalityHospitality1,601 3.3 2,056 3.7 Hospitality1,642 3.4 1,601 3.3 
OtherOther3,520 7.4 4,322 7.9 Other3,190 6.6 3,319 6.8 
Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans(1)Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans(1)$47,816 100.0 %$55,223 100.0 %Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans(1)$48,099 100.0 %$48,550 100.0 %
 __________
(1)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $7,551$6,580 million as of September 30,December 31, 2021. See Note 1 of the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.

Loan-to-value and debt service coverage ratios are measures commonly used to assess the quality of commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans. The loan-to-value ratio compares the amount of the loan to the fair value of the underlying property collateralizing the loan and is commonly expressed as a percentage. A loan-to-value ratio less than 100% indicates an excess of collateral value over the loan amount. Loan-to-value ratios greater than 100% indicate that the loan amount exceeds the collateral value. The debt service coverage ratio compares a property’s net operating income to its debt service payments. Debt service coverage ratios less than 1.0 times indicate that property operations do not generate enough income to cover the loan’s current debt payments. A debt service coverage ratio greater than 1.0 times indicates an excess of net operating income over the debt service payments.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, our commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans attributable to PFI excluding the Closed Block division had a weighted-average debt service coverage ratio of 2.492.43 times and a weighted-average loan-to-value ratio of 68%57%. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, 95% of commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans were fixed rate loans. For those commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans that were originated in 2021,2022, the weighted-average debt service coverage ratio was 3.182.40 times, and the weighted-average loan-to-value ratio was 62%64%.

The values utilized in calculating these loan-to-value ratios are developed as part of our periodic review of the commercial mortgage and agricultural property loan portfolio, which includes an internal evaluation of the underlying collateral value. Our periodic review also includes a credit quality re-rating process, whereby we update the internal quality rating originally assigned at underwriting based on the proprietary quality rating system mentioned above. As discussed below, the internal credit quality rating is a key input in determining our allowance for credit losses.

For loans with collateral under construction, renovation or lease-up, a stabilized value and projected net operating income are used in the calculation of the loan-to-value and debt service coverage ratios. Our commercial mortgage and agricultural property loan portfolio included $2.3$2.6 billion and $2.4$2.3 billion of such loans as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively. All else being equal, these loans are inherently riskier than those collateralized by properties that have already stabilized. As of Septemberboth June 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, there were less than $1 million and $1 million, respectively, of allowance related to these loans. In addition, these unstabilized loans are included in the calculation of our portfolio reserve, as discussed below.

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The following table sets forth the gross carrying value of our commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans attributable to PFI excluding the Closed Block division by loan-to-value and debt service coverage ratios, as of the date indicated: 
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 June 30, 2022
 Debt Service Coverage Ratio
 
> 1.2x
1.0x
to
< 1.2x
< 1.0xTotal
Commercial Mortgage
and Agricultural
Property
Loans
Loan-to-Value Ratio(in millions)
0%-59.99%$22,143 $982 $1,283 $24,408 
60%-69.99%14,343 1,297 516 16,156 
70%-79.99%5,988 584 410 6,982 
80% or greater127 161 265 553 
Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans$42,601 $3,024 $2,474 $48,099 
 September 30, 2021
 Debt Service Coverage Ratio
 
> 1.2x
1.0x
to
< 1.2x
< 1.0xTotal
Commercial Mortgage
and Agricultural
Property
Loans
Loan-to-Value Ratio(in millions)
0%-59.99%$22,556 $659 $380 $23,595 
60%-69.99%14,024 1,299 748 16,071 
70%-79.99%6,291 709 552 7,552 
80% or greater159 341 98 598 
Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans(1)$43,030 $3,008 $1,778 $47,816 
__________
(1)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $7,551 million. See Note 1 of the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the pending dispositions.

The following table sets forth the breakdown of our commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans attributable to PFI excluding the Closed Block division by year of origination, as of the date indicated:
September 30, 2021
Gross
Carrying
Value
% of
Total
Year of Origination($ in millions)
2021$3,784 7.9 %
20204,121 8.6 
20198,147 17.0 
20187,457 15.6 
20175,357 11.2 
20164,918 10.3 
20154,587 9.6 
2014 & Prior9,445 19.8 
Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans(1)$47,816 100.0 %
__________
(1)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $7,551 million. See Note 1 of the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the pending dispositions.
June 30, 2022
Gross
Carrying
Value
% of
Total
Year of Origination($ in millions)
2022$2,383 5.0 %
20217,599 15.8 
20203,952 8.2 
20197,099 14.8 
20186,758 14.1 
20174,477 9.3 
20164,438 9.2 
2015 & Prior11,247 23.3 
Revolving Loans146 0.3 
Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans$48,099 100.0 %

Commercial Mortgage and Other Loans Quality
 
The commercial mortgage and other loans portfolio is monitored on an ongoing basis. If certain criteria are met, loans are assigned to either of the following “watch list” categories:

(1) “Closely Monitored,” which includes a variety of considerations, such as when loan metrics fall below acceptable levels, the borrower is not cooperative or has requested a material modification, or the portfolio manager has directed a change in category; or
(2) “Not in Good Standing,” which includes loans in default or with a high probability of loss of principal, such as when the loan is in the process of foreclosure or the borrower is in bankruptcy.
Our workout and special servicing professionals manage the loans on the watch list.

The current expected credit loss (“CECL”) allowance represents the Company’s best estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining life of the assets. The determination of the allowance considers historical credit loss experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The allowance is calculated separately for commercial mortgage loans, agricultural mortgage loans, uncollateralized loans, other collateralized loans and residential property loans.

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For commercial mortgage and agricultural mortgage loans, the allowance is calculated using an internally developed CECL model.

Key inputs to the CECL model include unpaid principal balances, internal credit ratings, annual expected loss factors, average lives of the loans adjusted for prepayment considerations, current and historical interest rate assumptions and other factors influencing the Company’s view of the current stage of the economic cycle and future economic conditions. Subjective considerations include a review of whether historical loss experience is representative of current market conditions and the Company’s view of the credit cycle. Model assumptions and factors are reviewed and updated as appropriate.

When individual loans no longer have the credit risk characteristics of the commercial or agricultural mortgage loan pools, they are removed from the pools and are evaluated individually for an allowance. The allowance is determined based on the outstanding loan balance less the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

The CECL allowance for other collateralized and uncollateralized loans carried at amortized cost is determined based on probability of default and loss given default assumptions by sector, credit quality and average lives of the loans.

The following table sets forth the change in allowance for credit losses for our commercial mortgage and other loans portfolio, as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in millions) (in millions)
Allowance, beginning of yearAllowance, beginning of year$207 $102 Allowance, beginning of year$102 $207 
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2016-13101 
Addition to (release of) allowance for credit lossesAddition to (release of) allowance for credit losses(92)Addition to (release of) allowance for credit losses63 (87)
Reclassified as “Assets held-for-sale”(1)(12)
Reclassified (to) from “Assets held-for-sale”(1)Reclassified (to) from “Assets held-for-sale”(1)(15)
OtherOther(3)Other(1)(3)
Allowance, end of periodAllowance, end of period$100 $207 Allowance, end of period$170 $102 
________
(1)See Note 1 of the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.
 
The allowance for credit losses as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021 decreased2022 increased compared to December 31, 2020,2021 primarily reflecting the improving credit environment.related to increases in loan-specific reserves as well as increases to reserves to reflect current market conditions.

Equity Securities
 
The equity securities attributable to PFI excluding the Closed Block division consist principally of investments in Common and Preferred Stock of publicly-traded companies, as well as mutual fund shares. The following table sets forth the composition of our equity securities portfolio and the associated gross unrealized gains and losses, as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
CostGross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
CostGross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
CostGross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
CostGross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
(in millions) (in millions)
Mutual funds(1)Mutual funds(1)$905 $566 $$1,471 $956 $404 $$1,355 Mutual funds(1)$776 $474 $$1,247 $1,158 $699 $$1,857 
Other Common Stocks(1)Other Common Stocks(1)2,028 1,104 26 3,106 2,726 1,019 62 3,683 Other Common Stocks(1)1,800 887 51 2,636 2,553 1,073 34 3,592 
Non-redeemable Preferred StocksNon-redeemable Preferred Stocks85 64 144 54 22 70 Non-redeemable Preferred Stocks124 65 182 97 49 138 
Total equity securities, at fair value(2)(1)Total equity securities, at fair value(2)(1)$3,018 $1,734 $31 $4,721 $3,736 $1,445 $73 $5,108 Total equity securities, at fair value(2)(1)$2,700 $1,426 $61 $4,065 $3,808 $1,821 $42 $5,587 
__________
(1)Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation.
(2)Amounts presented exclude investments in private equity and hedge funds and other investments which are reported in “Other invested assets”. Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $236$322 million at fair value as of September 30,December 31, 2021. See Note 1 of the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.
 
The net change in unrealized gains (losses) from equity securities attributable to PFI excluding Closed Block division, including “Assets held-for-sale”, still held at period end, recorded within “Other income (loss),” was $85$(292) million and $213$13 million during the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $(414) million and $243 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
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million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $328 million and $(173) million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Other Invested Assets
 
The following table sets forth the composition of “Other invested assets” attributable to PFI excluding the Closed Block division, as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in millions)(in millions)
LPs/LLCs:LPs/LLCs:LPs/LLCs:
Equity method:Equity method:Equity method:
Private equity(1)Private equity(1)$4,755 $3,411 Private equity(1)$5,751 $5,163 
Hedge fundsHedge funds2,040 1,770 Hedge funds2,236 2,044 
Real estate-related(1)Real estate-related(1)1,341 1,214 Real estate-related(1)1,664 1,487 
Subtotal equity methodSubtotal equity method8,136 6,395 Subtotal equity method9,651 8,694 
Fair value:Fair value:Fair value:
Private equityPrivate equity1,139 1,063 Private equity1,014 1,124 
Hedge fundsHedge funds1,031 1,111 Hedge funds1,064 1,078 
Real estate-relatedReal estate-related33 41 Real estate-related33 34 
Subtotal fair valueSubtotal fair value2,203 2,215 Subtotal fair value2,111 2,236 
Total LPs/LLCsTotal LPs/LLCs10,339 8,610 Total LPs/LLCs11,762 10,930 
Real estate held through direct ownership(2)(1)Real estate held through direct ownership(2)(1)939 1,176 Real estate held through direct ownership(2)(1)743 889 
Derivative instrumentsDerivative instruments222 199 Derivative instruments204 337 
Other(3)(2)Other(3)(2)411 731 Other(3)(2)221 329 
Total other invested assets(4)(3)Total other invested assets(4)(3)$11,911 $10,716 Total other invested assets(4)(3)$12,930 $12,485 
__________ 
(1)Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation.
(2)As of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, real estate held through direct ownership had mortgage debt of $276$234 million and $409$274 million, respectively.
(3)(2)Primarily includes leveraged leases and member and activity stock held in the Federal Home Loan BanksBank of New York and Boston.York. For additional information regarding our holdings in the Federal Home Loan BanksBank of New York, and Boston, see Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.
(4)(3)Excludes “Assets held-for-sale” of $160$104 million as of September 30,December 31, 2021. See Note 1 of the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the pending dispositions.information.

Invested Assets of Other Entities and Operations

“Invested Assets of Other Entities and Operations” presented below includes investments held outside the general account and primarily represents investments associated with our investment management operations and derivative operations. Our derivative operations act on behalf of affiliates primarily to manage interest rate, foreign currency, credit and equity exposures. Assets within our investment management operations that are managed for third-parties and those assets classified as “Separate account assets” on our balance sheet are not included.
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in millions) (in millions)
Fixed maturities:Fixed maturities:Fixed maturities:
Public, available-for-sale, at fair value(1)Public, available-for-sale, at fair value(1)$487 $644 Public, available-for-sale, at fair value(1)$450 $478 
Fixed maturities, trading, at fair value(1)Fixed maturities, trading, at fair value(1)213 212 Fixed maturities, trading, at fair value(1)188 213 
Equity securities, at fair valueEquity securities, at fair value698 682 Equity securities, at fair value662 699 
Commercial mortgage and other loans, at book value(2)Commercial mortgage and other loans, at book value(2)1,127 1,112 Commercial mortgage and other loans, at book value(2)314 1,279 
Other invested assetsOther invested assets4,174 3,799 Other invested assets4,124 4,990 
Short-term investmentsShort-term investments36 36 Short-term investments35 
Total investmentsTotal investments$6,735 $6,485 Total investments$5,745 $7,694 
__________ 
(1)As of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, balances include investments in CLOs with fair value of $366$276 million and $496$329 million, respectively.
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(2)Book value is generally based on unpaid principal balance, net of any allowance for credit losses, or at fair value, when the fair value option has been elected.


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Fixed Maturities, Trading

“Fixed maturities, trading, at fair value” are primarily related to assets associated with consolidated VIEs for which the Company is the investment manager. The assets of the consolidated VIEs are generally offset by liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected. For further information on these consolidated VIEs, see Note 4 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

Commercial Mortgage and Other Loans
 
Our investment management operations include our commercial mortgage operations, which provide mortgage origination, investment management and servicing for our general account, institutional clients, the Federal Housing Administration and government-sponsored entities such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

The mortgage loans of our commercial mortgage operations are included in “Commercial mortgage and other loans.” Derivatives and other hedging instruments related to our commercial mortgage operations are primarily included in “Other invested assets.”

Other Invested Assets
 
“Other invested assets” primarily include assets of our derivative operations used to manage interest rate, foreign currency, credit, and equity exposures.

Furthermore, other invested assets include strategic investments made as part of our investment management operations. We make these strategic investments in real estate, as well as fixed income, public equity and real estate securities, including controlling interests. Certain of these investments are made primarily for purposes of co-investment in our managed funds and structured products. Other strategic investments are made with the intention to sell or syndicate to investors, including our general account, or for placement in funds and structured products that we offer and manage (seed investments). As part of our investment management operations, we also make loans to our managed funds that are secured by equity commitments from investors or assets of the funds. “Other invested assets” also include certain assets in consolidated investment funds where the Company is deemed to exercise control over the funds.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Overview
 
Liquidity refers to the ability to generate sufficient cash resources to meet the payment obligations of the Company. Capital refers to the long-term financial resources available to support the operations of our businesses, fund business growth, and provide a cushion to withstand adverse circumstances. Our ability to generate and maintain sufficient liquidity and capital depends on the profitability of our businesses, general economic conditions and our access to the capital markets and the alternate sources of liquidity and capital described herein.

Effective and prudent liquidity and capital management is a priority across the organization. Management monitors the liquidity of Prudential Financial and its subsidiaries on a daily basis and projects borrowing and capital needs over a multi-year time horizon. We use a Risk Appetite Framework (“RAF”) to ensure that all risks taken across the Company align with our capacity and willingness to take those risks. The RAF provides a dynamic assessment of capital and liquidity stress impacts, including scenarios similar to, and more severe than, those occurring due to COVID-19, and is intended to ensure that sufficient resources are available to absorb those impacts. We believe that our capital and liquidity resources are sufficient to satisfy the capital and liquidity requirements of Prudential Financial and its subsidiaries.

Our businesses are subject to comprehensive regulation and supervision by domestic and international regulators. These regulations currently include requirements (many of which are the subject of ongoing rule-making) relating to capital and liquidity management. For information on these regulatory initiatives and their potential impact on us, see “Business—Regulation” and “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

From the beginning of 20212022 through the date of this report, we took the following significant actions that have impacted, or are expected to impact, our liquidity and capital positions:

In February, we issued $1.0 billion of junior subordinated notes. We intend to use these proceeds for general corporate purposes, which may include the redemption or repurchase of our $1.0 billion of junior subordinated notes due in 2042.
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In February 2021, Prudential Financial’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized the Company to repurchase at management’s discretion up to $1.5 billion of its outstanding Common Stock during the period from January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021. In May 2021, the Board increased this current share repurchase authorization by $500 million, bringing the aggregate share repurchase authorization for calendar year 2021 to $2.0 billion. In July 2021, the Board further increased this authorization by an additional $500 million, bringing the aggregate share repurchase authorization for the calendar year 2021 to $2.5 billion.
During 2021,April, we entered into agreements for a number of business dispositions, including forcompleted the sale of our Full Service Retirement business andbusiness. Also, in April, we completed the sale of a portion of our in-force traditional variable annuityannuities block of business. For more information about these transactions, seebusiness through the sale of all the equity interests in PALAC. See Note 1 to ourthe Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein.
In July 2021, the Company amended and restated its $4.0 billion five-year credit facility, extending the term of the facility to July 2026. The extension also includes certain sustainability-linked pricing adjustments, by which the applicable interest rate margins and commitment fee may be adjusted basedfor additional information on the Company’s ability to meet certain targets.
In August 2021, we redeemed our $700 million 3.500% medium-term notes due 2021 and $210 million of our $600 million 3.878% medium-term notes due 2028.these transactions.

Capital
 
The primary components of the Company’s capitalization consist of equity and outstanding capital debt, including junior subordinated debt. As shown in the table below, as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, the Company had $52.6$52.0 billion in capital, all of which was available to support the aggregate capital requirements of its businesses and its Corporate and Other operations. Based on our assessment of these businesses and operations, we believe this level of capital is consistent with our ratings targets.
 
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in millions) (in millions)
Equity(1)Equity(1)$40,051 $36,687 Equity(1)$38,413 $40,552 
Junior subordinated debt (including hybrid securities)Junior subordinated debt (including hybrid securities)7,617 7,615 Junior subordinated debt (including hybrid securities)8,604 7,619 
Other capital debtOther capital debt4,975 5,856 Other capital debt4,978 5,073 
Total capitalTotal capital$52,643 $50,158 Total capital$51,995 $53,244 
__________
(1)Amounts attributable to Prudential Financial, excluding AOCI.

We manage PICA, The Prudential Life Insurance Company, Ltd. (“Prudential of Japan”), Gibraltar Life, and other significant insurance subsidiaries to regulatory capital levels consistent with our “AA” ratings targets. We utilize the risk-based capital (“RBC”) ratio as a primary measure of the capital adequacy of our domestic insurance subsidiaries and the solvency margin ratio as a primary measure of the capital adequacy of our Japanese insurance subsidiaries.
 
The table below presents the RBC ratios of our most significant domestic insurance subsidiaries as of December 31, 2020, the most recent statutory fiscal year-end and RBC reporting date for these subsidiaries.
Ratio(1)
PICA(2)394 %
Prudential Annuities Life Assurance Corporation (“PALAC”)465 %
Composite Major U.S. Insurance Subsidiaries(3)411 %
__________ 
(1)The RBC ratio calculations are intended to assist insurance regulators in measuring an insurer’s solvency and ability to pay future claims. The reporting of RBC measures is not intended for the purpose of ranking any insurance company or for use in connection with any marketing, advertising or promotional activities, but is available to the public.

(2)IncludesPICA’s RBC ratio as of December 31, 2021, its most recent statutory fiscal year-end and RBC reporting date, was 456%. PICA’s RBC ratio is calculated on a consolidated basis and includes Prudential Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company (“PRIAC”), Pruco Life Insurance Company (“Pruco Life”), Pruco Life Insurance Company of New Jersey (“PLNJ”), which is a subsidiary of Pruco Life, and Prudential Legacy Insurance Company of New Jersey (“PLIC”).
(3)Includes PICA and its subsidiaries, as noted above, and PALAC. Composite RBC is not reported to regulators and is based on the summation of total adjusted capital and risk charges for the included companies as determined under statutory accounting and RBC guidance to calculate a composite numerator and denominator, respectively, for purposes of calculating the composite ratio.

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Similar to the RBC ratios that are employed by U.S. insurance regulators, regulatory authorities in the international jurisdictions in which we operate generally establish some form of minimum solvency margin requirements for insurance companies based on local statutory accounting practices. These solvency margins are a primary measure of the capital adequacy of our international insurance operations. Maintenance of our solvency margins at certain levels is also important to our competitive positioning, as in certain jurisdictions, such as Japan, these solvency margins are required to be disclosed to the public and therefore impact the public perception of an insurer’s financial strength.

The table below presents the solvency margin ratios of our most significant international insurance subsidiaries as of June 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, the most recent date for which this information is available.
Ratio
Prudential of Japan consolidated(1)828806 %
Gibraltar Life consolidated(2)938911 %
__________ 
(1)Includes Prudential Trust Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Prudential of Japan.
(2)Includes Prudential Gibraltar Financial Life Insurance Co., Ltd. (“PGFL”), a subsidiary of Gibraltar Life.

All of our domestic and significant international insurance subsidiaries have capital levels that substantially exceed the minimum level required by applicable insurance regulations; however, market conditions could negatively impact theregulations. The statutory capital of our insurance companies and constrain our overall capital flexibility.flexibility could be impacted by, among other things, market conditions and changes in insurance reserves, including those stemming from updates to our actuarial assumptions. Our regulatory capital levels also may be affected in the future by changes to the applicable regulations, proposals for which are currently under consideration by both domestic and international insurance regulators. For additional information on the calculation of RBC and solvency margin ratios, as well as regulatory
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minimums, see Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

Captive Reinsurance Companies
 
See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital—Captive Reinsurance Companies” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020,2021, for a discussion of our use of captive reinsurance companies. 
    
Shareholder Distributions
 
Share Repurchase Program and Shareholder Dividends

In FebruaryNovember 2021, Prudential Financial’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase, at management’s discretion, up to $1.5 billion of its outstanding Common Stock during the period from January 1, 20212022 through December 31, 2021. This authorization was increased by $500 million in each of May 2021 and July 2021, bringing the aggregate share repurchase authorization for calendar year 2021 to $2.5 billion.2022.

In general, the timing and amount of share repurchases are determined by management based on market conditions and other considerations, including compliance with applicable laws and any increased capital needs of our businesses due to, among other things, credit migration and losses in our investment portfolio, changes in regulatory capital requirements and opportunities for growth and acquisitions. Repurchases may be executed in the open market, through derivative, accelerated repurchase and other negotiated transactions and through plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

The following table sets forth information about declarations of Common Stock dividends, as well as repurchases of shares of Prudential Financial’s Common Stock, for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021.2022.
 Dividend AmountShares Repurchased
Three months ended:Per ShareAggregateSharesTotal Cost
 (in millions, except per share data)
March 31, 2021$1.15 $467 4.3 $375 
June 30, 2021$1.15 $460 8.4 $875 
September 30, 2021$1.15 $451 8.4 $875 
 Dividend AmountShares Repurchased
Three months ended:Per ShareAggregateSharesTotal Cost
 (in millions, except per share data)
March 31, 2022$1.20 $462 3.3 $375 
June 30, 2022$1.20 $457 3.6 $375 
 
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Liquidity
 
Liquidity management and stress testing are performed on a legal entity basis as the ability to transfer funds between subsidiaries is limited due in part to regulatory restrictions. Liquidity needs are determined through daily and quarterly cash flow forecasting at the holding company and within our operating subsidiaries. We seek to maintain a minimum balance of highly liquid assets to ensure that adequate liquidity is available at Prudential Financial to cover fixed expenses in the event that we experience reduced cash flows from our operating subsidiaries at a time when access to capital markets is also not available.
 
We seek to mitigate the risk of having limited or no access to financing due to stressed market conditions by generally pre-funding debt in advance of maturity. We mitigate the refinancing risk associated with our debt that is used to fund operating needs by matching the term of debt with the assets financed. To ensure adequate liquidity in stress scenarios, stress testing is performed for our major operating subsidiaries. We seek to further mitigate liquidity risk by maintaining our access to alternative sources of liquidity, as discussed below.

Liquidity of Prudential Financial
 
The principal sources of funds available to Prudential Financial, the parent holding company, are dividends, returns of capital and loans from subsidiaries, and proceeds from debt issuances and certain stock-based compensation activity. These sources of funds may be supplemented by Prudential Financial’s access to the capital markets as well as the “—Alternative Sources of Liquidity” described below.
 
The primary uses of funds at Prudential Financial include servicing debt, making capital contributions and loans to subsidiaries, making acquisitions, paying declared shareholder dividends and repurchasing outstanding shares of Common Stock executed under authority from the Board.
 
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As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, Prudential Financial had highly liquid assets with a carrying value totaling $4,519$8,050 million, a decreasean increase of $1,960$3,824 million from December 31, 2020.2021. Highly liquid assets predominantly include cash, short-term investments, U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of other U.S. government authorities and agencies, and/or foreign government bonds. We maintain an intercompany liquidity account that is designed to optimize the use of cash by facilitating the lending and borrowing of funds between Prudential Financial and its subsidiaries on a daily basis. Excluding the net borrowings from this intercompany liquidity account, Prudential Financial had highly liquid assets of $3,764$7,068 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021, a decrease2022, an increase of $1,796$3,515 million from December 31, 2020.2021.
 
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The following table sets forth Prudential Financial’s principal sources and uses of highly liquid assets, excluding net borrowings from our intercompany liquidity account, for the periods indicated.
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20212020(1) 20222021
(in millions)(in millions)
Highly Liquid Assets, beginning of periodHighly Liquid Assets, beginning of period$5,560 $4,061 Highly Liquid Assets, beginning of period$3,553 $5,560 
Dividends and/or returns of capital from subsidiaries(2)(1)Dividends and/or returns of capital from subsidiaries(2)(1)2,030 2,821 Dividends and/or returns of capital from subsidiaries(2)(1)144 865 
Affiliated (borrowings)/loans - (capital activities)(3)Affiliated (borrowings)/loans - (capital activities)(3)406 (668)Affiliated (borrowings)/loans - (capital activities)(3)773 786 
Capital contributions to subsidiaries(4)(2)Capital contributions to subsidiaries(4)(2)(84)(85)Capital contributions to subsidiaries(4)(2)(1,367)(75)
Total Business Capital ActivityTotal Business Capital Activity2,352 2,068 Total Business Capital Activity(450)1,576 
Share repurchases(5)(3)Share repurchases(5)(3)(2,097)(500)Share repurchases(5)(3)(738)(1,238)
Common stock dividends(6)(4)Common stock dividends(6)(4)(1,374)(1,325)Common stock dividends(6)(4)(921)(926)
Business dispositions(5)Business dispositions(5)648 1,627 Business dispositions(5)4,481 450 
Total Share Repurchases, Dividends and Business Disposition ActivityTotal Share Repurchases, Dividends and Business Disposition Activity(2,823)(198)Total Share Repurchases, Dividends and Business Disposition Activity2,822 (1,714)
Proceeds from the issuance of debtProceeds from the issuance of debt2,768 Proceeds from the issuance of debt990 
Repayments of debtRepayments of debt(908)(1,937)Repayments of debt(1)(1)
Total Debt ActivityTotal Debt Activity(908)831 Total Debt Activity989 (1)
Proceeds from stock-based compensation and exercise of stock optionsProceeds from stock-based compensation and exercise of stock options272 212 Proceeds from stock-based compensation and exercise of stock options201 204 
Net income tax receipts & paymentsNet income tax receipts & payments212 136 Net income tax receipts & payments183 (93)
Interest income on intercompany agreements31 18 
Interest paid on external debtInterest paid on external debt(702)(727)Interest paid on external debt(458)(486)
Affiliated (borrowings)/loans - (operating activities)(7)(39)44 
Affiliated (borrowings)/loans - (operating activities)(6)Affiliated (borrowings)/loans - (operating activities)(6)371 (37)
Swap terminationsSwap terminations(69)(153)Swap terminations(26)(43)
Other, netOther, net(122)(203)Other, net(117)(33)
Total Other ActivityTotal Other Activity(417)(673)Total Other Activity154 (488)
Net increase/(decrease) in highly liquid assetsNet increase/(decrease) in highly liquid assets(1,796)2,028 Net increase/(decrease) in highly liquid assets3,515 (627)
Highly Liquid Assets, end of periodHighly Liquid Assets, end of period$3,764 $6,089 Highly Liquid Assets, end of period$7,068 $4,933 
__________ 
(1)Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation.
(2)2022 includes $107 million from PGIM subsidiaries, $32 million from Prudential Annuities Holding Company, and $5 million from other subsidiaries. 2021 includes $420 million from Prudential Annuities Holding Company, $393$280 million from PGIM subsidiaries, and $1,159$165 million from international insurance and investment subsidiaries (including $994 million in the form of in-kind dividends), and $58 million from other subsidiaries. 2020 includes $670 million from Prudential Annuities Holding Company, $1,905 million from international insurance subsidiaries (including $470 million in the form of in-kind dividends), $238 million from PGIM subsidiaries, and $8 million from other subsidiaries.
(3)(2)2021 reflects net receipts2022 includes capital contributions of $406$780 million from the issuance of notesto an international reinsurance subsidiary, $327 million to international insurance subsidiaries, which includes $994and $260 million received by PFI in the formto other subsidiaries. The majority of the extinguishmentcapital contribution to our international reinsurance subsidiary was to fund the payment of debt (offset by the in-kind dividends referredceding commissions to in footnote 2 above).
(4)our domestic insurance subsidiaries. 2021 includes capital contributions of $75$66 million to international insurance subsidiaries and $9 million to PGIM subsidiaries. 2020 includes capital contributions of $85 million to international insurance subsidiaries.
(5)(3)Excludes cash payments made on trades that settled in the subsequent period.
(6)(4)Includes cash payments made on dividends declared in prior periods.
(7)(5)2022 includes proceeds and capital releases related to the sales of the Full Service Retirement business and PALAC.
(6)Represent loans to and from subsidiaries to support business operating needs.
Dividends and Returns of Capital from Subsidiaries
 
Domestic insurance subsidiaries. During the first ninesix months of 2021,2022, Prudential Financial received dividends of $420$32 million from Prudential Annuities Holding Company, of which $380 million was from PALAC.Company. In addition to paying Common Stock dividends, our domestic insurance operations may return capital to Prudential Financial by other means, such as affiliated lending, and reinsurance with Bermuda-based affiliates.

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International insurance subsidiaries. During the first ninesix months of 2021,2022, Prudential Financial receiveddid not receive dividends of $1,159 million from its international insurance subsidiaries, which includes $994 million of in-kind dividends in the form of the extinguishment of debt held by international insurance subsidiaries. In addition to paying Common Stock dividends, our international insurance operations may return capital to Prudential Financial by other means, such as the repayment of preferred stock obligations held by Prudential Financial or other affiliates, affiliated lending, affiliated derivatives and reinsurance with U.S.- and Bermuda-based affiliates.

Other subsidiaries. During the first ninesix months of 2021,2022, Prudential Financial received dividends and returns of capital of $393$107 million from PGIM subsidiaries and dividends of $58$5 million from other subsidiaries.
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Restriction on dividends and returns of capital from subsidiaries. Our insurance companies are subject to limitations on the payment of dividends and other transfers of funds to Prudential Financial and other affiliates under applicable insurance law and regulation. Further, market conditions could negatively impact capital positions of our insurance companies, which could further restrict their ability to pay dividends. More generally, the payment of dividends by any of our subsidiaries is subject to declaration by their Board of Directors and can be affected by market conditions and other factors.
 
With respect to our domestic insurance subsidiaries, PICA is permitted to pay ordinary dividends based on calculations specified under New Jersey insurance law, subject to prior notification to the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance (“NJDOBI”). Any distributions above this amount in any twelve-month period are considered to be “extraordinary” dividends, and the approval of the NJDOBI is required prior to payment. The laws regulating dividends of the states where our other domestic insurance companies are domiciled are similar, but not identical, to those of New Jersey’s. Dividends from PRIAC are currently prohibited prior to the closing of its sale to Great-West under the terms of the sale agreement.Jersey.

Capital redeployment from our international insurance subsidiaries is subject to local regulatory requirements in the international jurisdictions in which they operate. Our most significant international insurance subsidiaries, Prudential of Japan and Gibraltar Life, are permitted to pay common stock dividends based on calculations specified by Japanese insurance law, subject to prior notification to the FSA. Dividends in excess of these amounts and other forms of capital distribution require the prior approval of the FSA. The regulatory fiscal year end for both Prudential of Japan and Gibraltar Life is March 31, after which time the common stock dividend amount permitted to be paid without prior approval from the FSA can be determined.

The ability of our PGIM subsidiaries and the majority of our other operating subsidiaries to pay dividends is largely unrestricted from a regulatory standpoint.

See Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020,2021, for information on specific dividend restrictions.
    
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Liquidity of Insurance Subsidiaries
 
We manage the liquidity of our insurance operations to ensure stable, reliable and cost-effective sources of cash flows to meet all of our obligations. Liquidity within each of our insurance subsidiaries is provided by a variety of sources, including portfolios of liquid assets. The investment portfolios of our subsidiaries are integral to the overall liquidity of our insurance operations. We segment our investment portfolios and employ an asset/liability management approach specific to the requirements of each of our product lines. This enhances the discipline applied in managing the liquidity, as well as the interest rate and credit risk profiles, of each portfolio in a manner consistent with the unique characteristics of the product liabilities.

Liquidity is measured against internally-developed benchmarks that take into account the characteristics of both the asset portfolio and the liabilities that they support. We consider attributes of the various categories of liquid assets (for example, type of asset and credit quality) in calculating internal liquidity measures to evaluate our insurance operations’ liquidity under various stress scenarios, including company-specific and market-wide events. We continue to believe that cash generated by ongoing operations and the profile of our assets provide sufficient liquidity under reasonably foreseeable stress scenarios for each of our insurance subsidiaries.
 
The principal sources of liquidity for our insurance subsidiaries are premiums, investment and fee income, investment maturities, sales of investments, and sales associated with our insurance and annuity operations, as well as internal and external borrowings. The principal uses of liquidity include benefits, claims and dividends paid to policyholders, and payments to policyholders and contractholders in connection with surrenders, withdrawals and net policy loan activity. Other uses of liquidity may include commissions, general and administrative expenses, purchases of investments, the payment of dividends to the parent holding company, hedging and reinsurance activity and payments in connection with financing activities.
 
The following table sets forth the fair value of certain of our domestic insurance operations’ portfolio of liquid assets, as of the dates indicated.
 
 September 30, 2021 
 Prudential
Insurance(1)
PLICPRIAC(2)PALAC(2)Pruco LifeTotalDecember 31, 2020
 (in billions)
Cash and short-term investments$7.9 $1.1 $1.1 $1.5 $1.1 $12.7 $9.4 
Fixed maturity investments(3):
High or highest quality135.3 34.5 21.8 10.0 13.7 215.3 222.4 
Other than high or highest quality9.7 3.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 16.1 15.4 
Subtotal145.0 38.3 22.6 11.0 14.5 231.4 237.8 
Public equity securities, at fair value0.6 2.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 3.5 3.2 
Total$153.5 $41.7 $24.0 $12.7 $15.7 $247.6 $250.4 
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 June 30, 2022 
 Prudential
Insurance(1)
PLICPruco LifeTotalDecember 31, 2021(2)
 (in billions)
Cash and short-term investments$5.4 $0.9 $2.1 $8.4 $14.0 
Fixed maturity investments(3):
High or highest quality107.1 29.2 14.8 151.1 214.9 
Other than high or highest quality7.8 2.9 1.4 12.1 16.2 
Subtotal114.9 32.1 16.2 163.2 231.1 
Public equity securities, at fair value0.3 1.7 0.2 2.2 4.2 
Total$120.6 $34.7 $18.5 $173.8 $249.3 
__________ 
(1)Represents legal entity view and as such includes both domestic and international activity.
(2)As of September 30, 2021, the Company has entered into definitive sale agreementsIncludes $24.4 billion and $12.2 billion related to sell its equity interests in both PRIAC and PALAC.PALAC, respectively. See Note 1 to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information about these pending dispositions.
(3)Excludes fixed maturities designated as held-to-maturity. Credit quality is based on NAIC or equivalent rating.

The following table sets forth the fair value of our international insurance operations’ portfolio of liquid assets, as of the dates indicated. 
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September 30, 2021  June 30, 2022 
Prudential
of Japan
Gibraltar
Life(1)
All
Other(2)
TotalDecember 31, 2020 Prudential
of Japan
Gibraltar
Life(1)
All
Other(2)
TotalDecember 31, 2021
(in billions) (in billions)
Cash and short-term investmentsCash and short-term investments$1.0 $2.7 $1.5 $5.2 $6.0 Cash and short-term investments$0.7 $2.0 $1.5 $4.2 $4.9 
Fixed maturity investments(3):Fixed maturity investments(3):Fixed maturity investments(3):
High or highest quality(4)High or highest quality(4)42.1 88.6 9.6 140.3 147.7 High or highest quality(4)33.0 70.0 9.2 112.2 138.0 
Other than high or highest qualityOther than high or highest quality0.9 2.1 2.0 5.0 4.8 Other than high or highest quality0.6 1.6 2.3 4.5 5.0 
SubtotalSubtotal43.0 90.7 11.6 145.3 152.5 Subtotal33.6 71.6 11.5 116.7 143.0 
Public equity securitiesPublic equity securities2.4 2.1 0.1 4.6 3.6 Public equity securities2.0 1.6 0.1 3.7 4.5 
TotalTotal$46.4 $95.5 $13.2 $155.1 $162.1 Total$36.3 $75.2 $13.1 $124.6 $152.4 
__________ 
(1)Includes PGFL.
(2)Represents our international insurance operations, excluding Japan.
(3)Excludes fixed maturities designated as held-to-maturity. Credit quality is based on NAIC or equivalent rating.
(4)As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021, $105.52022, $82.6 billion, or 75%74%, were invested in government or government agency bonds.

Liquidity associated with other activities
 
Hedging activities associated with Individual AnnuitiesRetirement Strategies
 
For the portion of our Individual Annuities’Retirement Strategies ALM strategy executed through hedging, as well as the capital hedge program, we enter into a range of exchange-traded, cleared and other OTC equity and interest rate derivatives in order to hedge certain capital market risks related to more severe market conditions. For a full discussion of our Individual Annuities’Retirement Strategies risk management strategy, see “—Results of Operations by Segment—U.S. Businesses—Individual Annuities.Retirement Strategies.” This portion of our Individual Annuities’Retirement Strategies ALM strategy and capital hedge program requires access to liquidity to meet payment obligations relating to these derivatives, such as payments for periodic settlements, purchases, maturities and terminations. These liquidity needs can vary materially due to, among other items, changes in interest rates, equity markets, mortality and policyholder behavior.
 
The hedging portion of our Individual Annuities’Retirement Strategies ALM strategy and capital hedge program may also result in derivative related collateral postings to (when we are in a net post position) or from (when we are in a net receive position) counterparties. The net collateral position depends on changes in interest rates and equity markets related to the amount of the exposures hedged. Depending on market conditions, the collateral posting requirements can result in material liquidity needs when we are in a net post position. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, the derivatives comprising the hedging portion of our Individual Annuities’Retirement Strategies ALM strategy and capital hedge program were in a net post position of $4.8$7.1 billion compared to a net receivepost position of $3.4$5.5 billion as of December 31, 2020.2021. The change in collateral position was primarily driven by the impact of increasing interest rates andpartially offset by equity markets.market depreciation.
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Foreign exchange hedging activities
 
We employ various hedging strategies to manage potential exposure to foreign currency exchange rate movements, particularly those associated with the yen. Our overall yen hedging strategy calibrates the hedge level to preserve the relative contribution of our yen-based business to the Company’s overall return on equity on a leverage neutral basis. The hedging strategy includes two primary components:

Income Hedges—We hedge a portion of our prospective yen-based earnings streams by entering into external forward currency derivative contracts that effectively fix the currency exchange rates for that portion of earnings, thereby reducing volatility from foreign currency exchange rate movements. As of September 30, 2021, we have hedged 100%, 97% and 61%, of expected yen-based earnings for 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.

Equity Hedges—We hold both internal and external hedges primarily to hedge our USD-equivalent equity. These hedges also mitigate volatility in the solvency margins of yen-based subsidiaries resulting from changes in the market value of their USD-denominated investments hedging our USD-equivalent equity attributable to changes in the yen-USD exchange rate.

For additional information on our hedging strategy, see “—Results of Operations—Impact of Foreign Currency Exchange Rates.”

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Cash settlements from these hedging activities result in cash flows between subsidiaries of Prudential Financial and either international-based subsidiaries or external parties. The cash flows are dependent on changes in foreign currency exchange rates and the notional amount of the exposures hedged. For example, a significant yen depreciation over an extended period of time could result in net cash inflows, while a significant yen appreciation could result in net cash outflows. The following tables set forth information about net cash settlements and the net asset or liability resulting from these hedging activities related to the yen and other currencies for the periods indicated.

Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
Cash Settlements: Received (Paid)Cash Settlements: Received (Paid)20212020Cash Settlements: Received (Paid)20222021
(in millions)(in millions)
Income Hedges (External)(1)Income Hedges (External)(1)$21 $65 Income Hedges (External)(1)$22 $14 
Equity Hedges:Equity Hedges:Equity Hedges:
Internal(2)Internal(2)328 163 Internal(2)434 185 
External(3)(40)113 
ExternalExternal(331)(18)
Total Equity HedgesTotal Equity Hedges288 276 Total Equity Hedges103 167 
Total Cash SettlementsTotal Cash Settlements$309 $341 Total Cash Settlements$125 $181 
Assets (Liabilities):Assets (Liabilities):September 30, 2021December 31, 2020Assets (Liabilities):June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in millions)(in millions)
Income Hedges (External)(4)(3)Income Hedges (External)(4)(3)$52 $Income Hedges (External)(4)(3)$14 $47 
Equity Hedges:Equity Hedges:Equity Hedges:
Internal(2)Internal(2)816 291 Internal(2)1,609 955 
ExternalExternal(94)(56)External233 (20)
Total Equity Hedges(5)(4)Total Equity Hedges(5)(4)722 235 Total Equity Hedges(5)(4)1,842 935 
Total Assets (Liabilities)Total Assets (Liabilities)$774 $238 Total Assets (Liabilities)$1,856 $982 
__________
(1)Includes non-yen related cash settlements of $11$7 million, primarily denominated in Chilean Peso, Brazilian real, and Australian dollar, and $7 million, primarily denominated in Brazilian real, Australian dollar, and Chilean peso and $53 million, primarily denominated in Brazilian real, Australian dollar and Chilean pesoPeso for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively.
(2)Represents internal transactions between international-based and U.S.-based entities. Amounts noted are from the U.S.-based entities’ perspectives.
(3)Includes non-yen related cash settlementsliabilities of $23 million, denominated in Korean won for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
(4)Includes non-yen related assets of $35$13 million, primarily denominated in Brazilian real, Chilean peso and Australian dollar and Chilean Peso as of June 30, 2022 and assets of $2$28 million, primarily denominated in Brazilian real, Chilean peso and Australian dollar, as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.2021.
(5)(4)As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, approximately $57$148 million, $194$829 million, $327$490 million and $144$376 million of the net market values are scheduled to settle in 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, and thereafter, respectively. The net market value of the assets (liabilities) will vary with changing market conditions to the extent there are no corresponding offsetting positions.

PGIM operations
 
The principal sources of liquidity for our fee-based PGIM businesses include asset management fees, commercial mortgage origination and servicing fees, and internal and external funding facilities. The principal uses of liquidity include general and administrative expenses, facilitating our commercial mortgage loan business, and distributions of dividends and
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returns of capital to Prudential Financial. The primary liquidity risks for our fee-based PGIM businesses relate to their profitability, which is impacted by market conditions, our investment management performance and client redemptions. We believe the cash flows from our fee-based PGIM businesses are adequate to satisfy the current liquidity requirements of these operations, as well as requirements that could arise under reasonably foreseeable stress scenarios, which are monitored through the use of internal measures.
 
The principal sources of liquidity for our seed and co-investments held in our PGIM businesses are cash flows from investments, borrowing lines from internal sources, including Prudential Financial and Prudential Funding, LLC (“Prudential Funding”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of PICA, and external sources, including PGIM’s limited-recourse credit facility. The principal uses of liquidity for our seed and co-investments include making investments to support business growth and paying interest expense from the internal and external borrowings used to fund those investments. The primary liquidity risks include the inability to sell assets in a timely manner, declines in the value of assets and credit defaults. There have been no material changes to the liquidity position of our PGIM operations since December 31, 2020.2021.
 
Alternative Sources of Liquidity
 
In addition to asset-based financing as discussed below, Prudential Financial and certain subsidiaries have access to other sources of liquidity, including syndicated, unsecured committed credit facilities, membership in the Federal Home Loan Banks,
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New York, commercial paper programs, and contingent financing facilities in the form of a put option agreement and facility agreement. For more information on these sources of liquidity, see Note 9 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein and Note 17 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. In July 2021, we amended and restated our $4 billion five-year credit facility that has Prudential Financial and Prudential Funding as borrowers, extending the term of the facility to July 2026. For more information, see Note 15 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein.2021.
 
Asset-based Financing
 
We conduct asset-based or secured financing within our insurance and other subsidiaries, including transactions such as securities lending, repurchase agreements and mortgage dollar rolls, to earn spread income, to borrow funds, or to facilitate trading activity. These programs are primarily driven by portfolio holdings of securities that are lendable based on counterparty demand for these securities in the marketplace. The collateral received in connection with these programs is primarily used to purchase securities in the short-term spread portfolios of our insurance entities. Investments held in the short-term spread portfolios include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments (primarily corporate bonds), mortgage loans and fixed maturities (primarily collateralized loan obligations and other structured securities), with a weighted average life at time of purchase by the short-term portfolios of four years or less. Floating rate assets comprise the majority of our short-term spread portfolio. These short-term portfolios are subject to specific investment policy statements, which among other things, do not allow for significant asset/liability interest rate duration mismatch.
 
The following table sets forth our liabilities under asset-based or secured financing programs as of the dates indicated.
 
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
PFI
Excluding
Closed Block
Division
Closed
Block
Division
ConsolidatedPFI
Excluding
Closed Block
Division
Closed
Block
Division
Consolidated PFI
Excluding
Closed Block
Division
Closed
Block
Division
ConsolidatedPFI
Excluding
Closed Block
Division
Closed
Block
Division
Consolidated
($ in millions) ($ in millions)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchaseSecurities sold under agreements to repurchase$7,122 $2,777 $9,899 $8,092 $2,802 $10,894 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase$5,472 $2,534 $8,006 $7,393 $2,792 $10,185 
Cash collateral for loaned securities(1)Cash collateral for loaned securities(1)4,296 86 4,382 3,379 120 3,499 Cash collateral for loaned securities(1)5,682 59 5,741 4,168 82 4,250 
Securities sold but not yet purchasedSecurities sold but not yet purchasedSecurities sold but not yet purchased
Total(2)(3)Total(2)(3)$11,420 $2,863 $14,283 $11,473 $2,922 $14,395 Total(2)(3)$11,155 $2,593 $13,748 $11,564 $2,874 $14,438 
Portion of above securities that may be returned to the Company overnight requiring immediate return of the cash collateralPortion of above securities that may be returned to the Company overnight requiring immediate return of the cash collateral$10,603 $2,863 $13,466 $10,463 $2,922 $13,385 Portion of above securities that may be returned to the Company overnight requiring immediate return of the cash collateral$10,179 $2,593 $12,772 $10,637 $2,874 $13,511 
Weighted average maturity, in days(4)Weighted average maturity, in days(4)29N/A28N/AWeighted average maturity, in days(4)15N/A31N/A
__________ 
(1)Excludes “Liabilities held-for-sale” of $3$5,680 million as of September 30,December 31, 2021.
(2)The daily weighted average outstanding balance for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 was $11,529$11,002 million and $11,479$11,000 million, respectively, for PFI excluding the Closed Block division, and $3,107$2,814 million and $3,035$2,932 million, respectively, for the Closed Block division.
(3)Includes utilization of external funding facilities for PGIM’s commercial mortgage origination business.
(4)Excludes securities that may be returned to the Company overnight. “N/A” reflects that all outstanding balances may be returned to the Company overnight.

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As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, our domestic insurance entities had assets eligible for the asset-based or secured financing programs of $128.7$88.2 billion, of which $14.0$13.4 billion were on loan. Taking into account market conditions and outstanding loan balances as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, we believe approximately $14.9$9.4 billion of the remaining eligible assets are readily lendable, including approximately $10.2$6.1 billion relating to PFI excluding the Closed Block division, of which $2.6$2.1 billion relates to certain separate accounts and may only be used for financing activities related to those accounts, and the remaining $4.7$3.3 billion relating to the Closed Block division.

Financing Activities
 
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, total short-term and long-term debt of the Company on a consolidated basis was $19.6$20.2 billion, a decreasean increase of $1.0$0.9 billion from December 31, 2020.2021. The following table sets forth total consolidated borrowings of the Company as of the dates indicated. We may, from time to time, seek to redeem or repurchase our outstanding debt securities through open market purchases, individually negotiated transactions or otherwise. Any such actions will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity position, and other factors.
 
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September 30, 2021December 31, 2020 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Borrowings:Borrowings:Prudential
Financial
SubsidiariesConsolidatedPrudential
Financial
SubsidiariesConsolidatedBorrowings:Prudential
Financial
SubsidiariesConsolidatedPrudential
Financial
SubsidiariesConsolidated
(in millions) (in millions)
General obligation short-term debt:General obligation short-term debt:General obligation short-term debt:
Commercial paperCommercial paper$25 $347 $372 $25 $355 $380 Commercial paper$25 $362 $387 $25 $395 $420 
Current portion of long-term debtCurrent portion of long-term debt400 400 399 399 Current portion of long-term debt
Other short-term debtOther short-term debt98 98 
SubtotalSubtotal425 347 772 424 355 779 Subtotal25 362 387 25 493 518 
General obligation long-term debt:General obligation long-term debt:General obligation long-term debt:
Senior debtSenior debt10,107 173 10,280 11,007 173 11,179 Senior debt10,114 173 10,287 10,109 173 10,282 
Junior subordinated debtJunior subordinated debt7,561 56 7,617 7,554 60 7,615 Junior subordinated debt8,558 46 8,604 7,564 54 7,618 
Surplus notes(1)Surplus notes(1)344 344 343 343 Surplus notes(1)344 344 344 344 
SubtotalSubtotal17,668 573 18,241 18,561 576 19,137 Subtotal18,672 563 19,235 17,673 571 18,244 
Total general obligationsTotal general obligations18,093 920 19,013 18,985 931 19,916 Total general obligations18,697 925 19,622 17,698 1,064 18,762 
Limited and non-recourse borrowings(2):Limited and non-recourse borrowings(2):Limited and non-recourse borrowings(2):
Short-term debtShort-term debt18 18 Short-term debt13 13 
Current portion of long-term debtCurrent portion of long-term debt130 130 128 128 Current portion of long-term debt158 158 197 197 
Long-term debtLong-term debt446 446 581 581 Long-term debt377 377 378 378 
Total limited and non-recourse borrowingsTotal limited and non-recourse borrowings583 583 727 727 Total limited and non-recourse borrowings548 548 582 582 
Total borrowingsTotal borrowings$18,093 $1,503 $19,596 $18,985 $1,658 $20,643 Total borrowings$18,697 $1,473 $20,170 $17,698 $1,646 $19,344 
__________ 
(1)Amounts are net of assets under set-off arrangements of $10,616$10,791 million and $10,964$10,691 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively.
(2)Limited and non-recourse borrowing primarily represents mortgage debt of our subsidiaries that has recourse only to real estate investment property of $276$234 million and $409$274 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively, and a $300 million draw on a credit facility that has recourse only to collateral pledged by the Company as of both SeptemberJune 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020.2021.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, and December 31, 2020, we were2021, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants related to the borrowings in the table above. For additional information on ourthe Company’s short- and long-term debt obligations, see Note 9 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein and Note 17 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in theour Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

Prudential Financial’s consolidated borrowings decreased $1,047increased $826 million from December 31, 2020,2021, primarily driven by $910a $999 million in debt redemptionsincrease in Prudential Financial borrowings and a $155$173 million decrease in subsidiary borrowings. On August 30, 2021,February 28, 2022, the Company redeemed, at a make-whole redemption price, $700 millionissued $1 billion in aggregate principal amount of its 3.500% medium-term5.125% junior subordinated notes due in 2024 and $210 million of the previously outstanding $600 million principal amount of its 3.878% medium-term notes due in 2028.March 2052.

Term and Universal Life Reserve Financing

We use captive reinsurance subsidiaries to finance the portion of the statutory reserves required to be held by our domestic life insurance companies under Regulation XXX and Guideline AXXX that we consider to be non-economic. The financing arrangements involve the reinsurance of term and universal life business to our captive reinsurers and the issuance of surplus
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notes by those captives that are treated as capital for statutory purposes. These surplus notes are subordinated to policyholder obligations, and the payment of principal and interest on the surplus notes can only be made with prior insurance regulatory approval.
 
We have entered into agreements with external counterparties providing for the issuance of surplus notes by our captive reinsurers in return for the receipt of credit-linked notes (“Credit-Linked Note Structures”). As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, we had Credit-Linked Note Structures with an aggregate issuance capacity of $14,700$14,600 million, of which $12,746$12,821 million was outstanding, as compared to an aggregate issuance capacity of $14,825$14,600 million, of which $12,919$12,721 million was outstanding, as of December 31, 2020.2021. Under the agreements, the captive receives in exchange for the surplus notes one or more credit-linked notes issued by a special-purpose affiliate of the Company with an aggregate principal amount equal to the surplus notes outstanding. The captive holds the credit-linked notes as assets supporting Regulation XXX or Guideline AXXX non-economic reserves, as applicable. For more information on our Credit-Linked Note Structures, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financing Activities” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
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2021.
 
The following table summarizes our Credit-Linked Note Structures, which are reported on a net basis, as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021.2022.
Surplus NotesOutstanding
as of
September 30, 2021
Surplus Notes
Outstanding
as of
June 30, 2022
Credit-Linked Note Structures:Credit-Linked Note Structures:Original
Issue Dates
Maturity
Dates
Facility
Size
Credit-Linked Note Structures:Original
Issue Dates
Maturity
Dates
Facility
Size
($ in millions)($ in millions)
XXXXXX2011-20212021-2036$1,600 (1)$1,750 XXX2012-20212022-2036$1,600 (1)$1,750 
AXXXAXXX201320333,500 3,500 AXXX201320333,500 3,500 
XXXXXX2014-20182021-20342,230 (2)2,250 XXX2014-20182022-20342,130 (2)2,150 
XXXXXX2014-20172024-20372,330 2,400 XXX2014-20172024-20372,330 2,400 
AXXXAXXX201720371,466 2,000 AXXX201720371,466 2,000 
XXXXXX20182038920 1,600 XXX20182038920 1,600 
AXXXAXXX20202032700 1,200 AXXX20202032875 1,200 
Total Credit-Linked Note StructuresTotal Credit-Linked Note Structures$12,746 $14,700 Total Credit-Linked Note Structures$12,821 $14,600 
__________
(1)Prudential Financial has agreed to reimburse amounts paid under the credit-linked notes issued in this structure up to $500$250 million.
(2)The $2,230$2,130 million of surplus notes represents an intercompany transaction that eliminates upon consolidation. Prudential Financial has agreed to reimburse amounts paid under credit-linked notes issued in this structure up to $1,000 million.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, we also had outstanding an aggregate of $2,775$3,025 million of debt issued for the purpose of financing Regulation XXX and Guideline AXXX non-economic reserves, of which $1,175$1,125 million relates to Regulation XXX reserves and $1,600$1,900 million relates to Guideline AXXX reserves. In addition, as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, for purposes of financing Guideline AXXX reserves, one of our captives had $3,982 million of surplus notes outstanding that were issued to affiliates.

The Company has introduced updated versions of its individual life products in conjunction with the requirement to adopt principle-based reserving by January 1, 2020. These updated products are currently priced to support the principle-based statutory reserve level without the need for reserve financing.

Ratings

See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Ratings” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, for a discussion of our financial strength and credit ratings and their impact on our business.

On July 21, 2021, Prudential announced an agreement to sell Retirement’s Full Service business to Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company, which would include the sale of all equity interests in PRIAC. As a result of this announcement, Fitch and AM Best changed the ratings outlook of PRIAC to Credit Watch Positive from Stable, and S&P changed the ratings outlook of PRIAC to Credit Watch Negative from Stable.

On September 15, 2021, Prudential announced an agreement to sell a portion of the Company’s in-force variable annuities business through the sale of all equity interests in PALAC to Fortitude Group Holdings, LLC. As a result of this announcement, S&P and AM Best changed the ratings outlook of PALAC to Credit Watch Negative from Stable and Fitch downgraded PALAC’s financial strength rating to A with an outlook of Rating Watch Negative from AA- with an outlook of Stable.

With the exception of PRIAC and PALAC, there have been no significant changes or actions in ratings or ratings outlooks for the Company that have occurred since the filing of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
Guarantees, Other ContingenciesSee additional information on off-balance sheet arrangements in Note 9 and Other Contingent Commitments
In the course of our business, we provide certain guarantees and indemnities to third-parties pursuant to which we may be contingently required to make payments in the future. We also have other commitments some of which are contingent upon events or circumstances not under our control, including those at the discretion of our counterparties. See “—Commitments and Guarantees” withinin Note 14 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. For further discussion of certain of these commitments, also see “—Liquidity—Liquidity associated with other activities—PGIM operations.”Statements.
 
Other Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In May 2020, we entered into a ten-year facility agreement with a Delaware trust that gives Prudential Financial the right, at any time over a ten-year period, to issue up to $1.5 billion of senior notes to the trust in return for principal and interest strips of U.S. Treasury securities that are held by the trust.
In November 2013, we entered into a put option agreement with a Delaware trust that gives Prudential Financial the right, at any time over a ten-year period, to issue up to $1.5 billion of senior notes to the trust in return for principal and interest strips of U.S. Treasury securities that are held by the trust.

In 2014, Prudential Financial entered into financing transactions, pursuant to which it issued $500 million of limited-recourse notes and, in return, obtained $500 million of asset-backed notes from a Delaware master trust and ultimately contributed the asset-backed notes to its subsidiary, PRIAC. As of September 30, 2021, no principal payments have been received or are currently due on the asset-backed notes and, as a result, there was no payment obligation under the limited-recourse notes. Accordingly, none of the notes are reflected in the Company’s Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements as of that date. As a result of the Company’s agreement to sellsale of its Full Service Retirement business to Great-West, which includesincluded the sale of all of the outstanding equity interests of PRIAC, we expect the $500 million of limited-recourse notes will bewere canceled as of the closing of the sale.April 1, 2022.

Other than as described above, weWe do not have retained or contingent interests in assets transferred to unconsolidated entities, or variable interests in unconsolidated entities or other similar transactions, arrangements or relationships that serve as credit, liquidity or market risk support, that we believe are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or our access to or requirements for capital resources. In addition, other than the agreements referred to above, we do not have relationships with any unconsolidated entities that are contractually limited to narrow activities that facilitate our transfer of or access to associated assets.
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Ratings

See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Ratings” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, for a discussion of our financial strength and credit ratings and their impact on our business.

There have been no significant changes or actions in ratings or ratings outlooks for the Company that have occurred since the filing of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. On April 1, 2022 Prudential completed the sales of PALAC to Fortitude Group Holdings, LLC and PRIAC to Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company. As a result, PALAC and PRIAC no longer fall under Prudential Financial’s group ratings.
    
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risk is the risk of fluctuations in the value of financial instruments as a result of absolute or relative changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, equity prices or commodity prices. To varying degrees, our products and services, and the investment activities supporting them, generate exposure to market risk. The market risk incurred, and our strategies for managing this risk, vary by product. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, there have been no material changes in our economic exposure to market risk from December 31, 2020,2021, a description of which may be found in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2020,2021, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. See Item 1A, “Risk Factors” included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020,2021, for a discussion of how difficult conditions in the financial markets and the economy generally may materially adversely affect our business and results of our operations.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

In order to ensure that the information we must disclose in our filings with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported on a timely basis, the Company’s management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021.2022. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. No change in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f), occurred during the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART IIOTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

See Note 14 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements under “—Litigation and Regulatory Matters” for a description of certain pending litigation and regulatory matters affecting us, and certain risks to our businesses presented by such matters, which is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the risks described under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021. These risks could materially affect our business, results of operations or financial condition, cause the trading price of our Common Stock to decline materially or cause our actual results to differ materially from those expected or those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by, or on behalf of, the Company. These risks are not exclusive, and additional risks to which we are subject include, but are not limited to, the factors mentioned under “Forward-Looking Statements” and the risks of our businesses described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

(c) The following table provides information about purchases by the Company during the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2021,2022, of its Common Stock:
PeriodTotal Number
of Shares
Purchased(1)
Average
Price Paid
per Share
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of
Publicly Announced
Program(2)
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased under the Program(2)
July 1, 2021 through July 31, 20211,253,049 $100.20 1,247,528 
August 1, 2021 through August 31, 20214,358,800 $105.89 4,352,392 
September 1, 2021 through September 30, 20212,785,514 $104.06 2,778,136 
Total8,397,363 $104.44 8,378,056 $375,000,000 
PeriodTotal Number
of Shares
Purchased(1)
Average
Price Paid
per Share
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of
Publicly Announced
Program(2)
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased under the Program(2)
April 1, 2022 through April 30, 20221,094,162 $115.93 1,078,527 
May 1, 2022 through May 31, 20221,208,721 $103.75 1,204,752 
June 1, 2022 through June 30, 20221,287,538 $98.01 1,274,581 
Total3,590,421 3,557,860 $750,000,000 
__________
(1)Includes shares of Common Stock withheld from participants for income tax withholding purposes whose shares of restricted stock units vested during the period. Such restricted stock units were originally issued to participants pursuant to the Prudential Financial, Inc. Omnibus Incentive Plan.
(2)In FebruaryNovember 2021, Prudential Financial’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase, at management’s discretion, up to $1.5 billion of its outstanding Common Stock during the period from January 1, 20212022 through December 31, 2021. In May 2021, the Board authorized a $500 million increase to this authorization, bringing the aggregate share repurchase authorization for calendar year 2021 to $2.0 billion. In July 2021, the Board further increased this authorization by an additional $500 million, bringing the aggregate share repurchase authorization for calendar year 2021 to $2.5 billion.2022.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT INDEX

101.INS - XBRLInstance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH - XBRLTaxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL - XBRLTaxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.LAB - XBRLTaxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE - XBRLTaxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF - XBRLTaxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

*This exhibit is a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
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GLOSSARY

Throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company may use certain abbreviations, acronyms and terms which are defined below.
Prudential Entities
Assurance IQAssurance IQ, LLCPOTPrudential Life Insurance Company of Taiwan Inc.
CompanyPrudential Financial, Inc. and its subsidiariesPRIACPrudential Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company
PALACCompanyPrudential Annuities Life Assurance CorporationFinancial, Inc. and its subsidiariesPruco LifePruco Life Insurance Company
PFIPrudential Financial, Inc. and its subsidiariesPrudentialPrudential Financial, Inc. and its subsidiaries
PGFLPrudential Gibraltar Financial Life Insurance Co., Ltd.Prudential FinancialPrudential Financial, Inc.
PIIHPrudential International Insurance Holdings, Ltd.Prudential FundingPrudential Funding, LLC
PLICPrudential Legacy Insurance Company of New JerseyPrudential Insurance/PICAThe Prudential Insurance Company of America
PLNJPruco Life Insurance Company of New JerseyPrudential of JapanThe Prudential Life Insurance Company, Ltd.
POAPrudential of ArgentinaRegistrantPrudential Financial, Inc.
POKThe Prudential Life Insurance Company of Korea, Ltd.


Defined Terms
BoardPrudential Financial's Board of DirectorsOther Postretirement BenefitsMorningstarCertain health care and life insurance benefits provided by the Company for its retired employees, their beneficiaries and covered dependentsMorningstar, Inc.
Closed BlockCertain in-force participating insurance policies and annuity products, along with corresponding assets used for the payment of benefits and policyholders' dividends on these productsOther Postretirement BenefitsCertain health care and life insurance benefits provided by the Company for its retired employees, their beneficiaries and covered dependents
Credit-Linked Note StructuresAgreements with external counterparties providing for the issuance of surplus notes by our captive
reinsurers in return for the receipt of credit-linked notes
Pension BenefitsFunded and non-funded non-contributory defined benefit pension plans which cover substantially all of the Company’s employees
Exchange ActThe Securities Exchange Act of 1934PGIMThe global investment management businesses of Prudential Financial, Inc.
FitchFitch Ratings Inc.POTPrudential Life Insurance Company of Taiwan Inc.
FortitudeFortitude Group Holdings, LLCRegulation XXXValuation of Life Insurance Policies Model Regulation
Great-WestGreat-West Life & Annuity Insurance CompanyS&PStandard & Poor's Rating Services
Guideline AXXXThe Application of the Valuation of Life Insurance Policies Model RegulationU.S. GAAPGenerally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America
Moody'sMoody's Investors Service, Inc.Variable ProfitsAssurance IQ’s achievement of certain targets for gross revenues net of associated selling expenses
MorningstarMorningstar, Inc.
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Acronyms
ACLAllowance for Credit LossesMRBMarket Risk Benefits
ALMAsset Liability ManagementNAICNational Association of Insurance Commissioners
AOCIAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)NAVNet Asset Value
ASCAccounting Standards CodificationNJDOBINew Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance
ASUAccounting Standards UpdateNOLsNPRNet Operating LossesNon-Performance Risk
AUDAustralian DollarNPRNon-Performance Risk
bpsBasis PointsOCIOther Comprehensive Income (Loss)
CARES ActbpsCoronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ActBasis PointsODLOTCOverall Domestic LossesOver-The-Counter
CECLCurrent Expected Credit LossOTCOTTIOver-The-CounterOther-Than-Temporary Impairments
CLOCollateralized Loan ObligationsOTTIPALACOther-Than-Temporary ImpairmentsPrudential Annuities Life Assurance Corporation
COVID-192019 Novel CoronavirusPDIPrudential Defined Income
DACDeferred Policy Acquisition CostsRAFRisk Appetite Framework
DSIDeferred Sales InducementsRBCRisk-Based Capital
EBITDAEarnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and AmortizationSECSecurities and Exchange Commission
FASBFinancial Accounting Standards BoardSVOSOFRSecurities Valuation Office
FHLBNYFederal Home Loan Bank of New YorkTBATo Be AnnouncedSecured Overnight Financing Rate
FSAFinancial Services Agency (an agency of the Japanese government)TCJASVOTax Cuts and Jobs ActSecurities Valuation Office
GICsGuaranteed Investment ContractsTDRTBATroubled Debt RestructuringTo Be Announced
GILTIGlobal Intangible Low-Taxed IncomeURRTDRUnearned Revenue ReserveTroubled Debt Restructuring
GMDBGuaranteed Minimum Death BenefitsURRUnearned Revenue Reserve
HDIHighest Daily Lifetime IncomeU.S.The United States of America
HDIHighest Daily Lifetime IncomeUSDU.S. Dollar
LIBORLondon Inter-Bank Offered RateVIEsUSDVariable Interest EntitiesU.S. Dollar
LPs/LLCsLimited Partnerships and Limited Liability CompaniesVOBAVIEsValue of Business AcquiredVariable Interest Entities
MD&AManagement's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsVOBAValue of Business Acquired


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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Prudential Financial, Inc.
By:
/S/    KENNETH Y. TANJI        
Kenneth Y. Tanji
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Authorized signatory and principal financial officer)

Date: NovemberAugust 4, 20212022
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