SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~February 2, 2020~~January 31, 2021

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___ to ___

Commission file number 0-15451

~~Forward-Looking Statements~~

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of Photronics, Inc. (“Photronics”, the “Company”, “we”, “our”, or “us”). These statements are based on management’s beliefs, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. Forward-looking statements may be identified by words like “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “plan,” “project,” “could,” “estimate,” “intend,” “may,” “will” and similar expressions, or the negative of such terms, or other comparable terminology. All forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. In particular, any statement contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q or in other documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in press releases or in the Company’s communications and discussions with investors and analysts in the normal course of business through meetings, phone calls, or conference calls regarding, among other things, the consummation and benefits of transactions, joint ventures, business combinations, divestitures and acquisitions, expectations with respect to future sales, financial performance, operating efficiencies, or product expansion, are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and contingencies, many of which are beyond the control of the Company. Various factors may cause actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from anticipated results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. Factors that might affect forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, overall economic, business, and political conditions in both domestic as well as international markets; pandemics affecting our labor force, customers or suppliers; the demand for the Company’s products; competitive factors in the industries and geographic markets in which the Company competes; the timing of orders received from customers; the gain or loss of significant customers; competition from other manufacturers; changes in accounting standards; federal, state and international tax requirements (including tax rate changes, new tax laws and revised tax law interpretations); changes in the jurisdictional mix of our earnings and changes in tax laws and rates; interest rate and other capital market conditions, including changes in the market price of the Company’s securities; foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; changes in technology; technology or intellectual property infringement, including cybersecurity breaches, and other innovation risks; unsuccessful or unproductive research and development or capital expenditures; the timing, impact, and other uncertainties related to transactions and acquisitions, divestitures, business combinations, and joint ventures as well as decisions the Company may make in the future regarding the Company’s business, capital and organizational structures and other matters; the seasonal and cyclical nature of the semiconductor and flat panel display industries; management changes; changes in laws and government regulation impacting our operations or our products, including laws relating to export controls and import laws, rules and tariffs; the occurrence of regulatory proceedings, claims or litigation; damage or destruction to the Company’s facilities, or the facilities of its customers or suppliers, by natural disasters, labor strikes, political unrest, or terrorist activity; construction of new facilities and assembly of new equipment; dilutive issuances of the Company’s stock; the ability of the Company to (i) place new equipment in service on a timely basis; (ii) obtain additional financing; (iii) achieve anticipated synergies and cost savings; (iv) fully utilize its tools; (v) achieve desired yields, pricing, product mix, and market acceptance of its products and (vi) obtain necessary import and export licenses. Any forward-looking statements should be considered in light of these factors. Accordingly, there is no assurance that the Company’s expectations will be realized. The Company does not assume responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements and does not assume an obligation to provide revisions to any forward-looking statements, except as otherwise required by securities and other applicable laws.

PHOTRONICS, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FOM 10-Q

JANUARY 31, 2021

~~INDEX~~TABLE OF CONTENTS

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”) contains forward-looking statements, as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements made by us, or on our behalf. Forward-looking statements are statements other than statements of historical fact, including, without limitation, those statements that include such words as “anticipates,” “believes” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts”, and similar expressions, and, without limitation, may address our future plans, objectives, goals, strategies, events, or performance, as well as underlying assumptions and other statements that are other than statements of historical facts. On occasion, in other documents filed with the SEC, press releases, phone conferences, or by other means, we may publish, disseminate, or otherwise make available, forward-looking statements of this nature, including statements contained within Item 2 – “Management’s Discussion & Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Form 10-Q.

Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed. Our expectations, beliefs and projections are expressed in good faith and are believed by the Company to have a reasonable basis, including, without limitation, management’s examination of historical operating trends, information contained in our records, and information we’ve obtained from other parties. However, we can offer no assurance that our Company’s expectations, beliefs, or projections will be realized, accomplished or achieved.

Forward-looking statements within this Form 10-Q speak only as of the date of its filing, and we undertake no obligation to update any such statements to reflect changes in events or circumstances that may subsequently occur. Users of this Report are cautioned that various factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements found within this Form 10-Q and that they should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement. In addition, all forward-looking statements, whether written or oral and whether made by us or on our behalf, are expressly qualified by the risk factors provided in Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as any additional risk factors we may provide in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.

PART I.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 150,000 shares authorized, 66,144 shares issued and 65,228 outstanding at February 2, 2020 and 65,595 shares issued and outstanding at October 31, 2019

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 150,000 shares authorized, 63,506 shares issued and 62,284 outstanding at January 31, 2021, and 63,138 shares issued and outstanding at October 31, 2020

Treasury stock, 916 shares at February 2, 2020

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Condensed Consolidated ~~Consolidated~~ Statements of Income

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share amounts and per share data)

NOTE 1 - BASIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION

Photronics, Inc. ~~("Photronics"~~(“Photronics”, ~~"the Company"~~“the Company”, ~~"we"~~“we”, “our”, or ~~"us"~~“us”) is one of the world's leading manufacturers of photomasks, which are high-precision photographic quartz or glass plates containing microscopic images of electronic circuits. Photomasks are a key element in the manufacture of semiconductors and flat-panel displays ~~("FPDs"~~(“FPDs” or “displays”), and are used as masters to transfer circuit patterns onto semiconductor wafers and FPD substrates during the fabrication of integrated circuits ~~("ICs"~~(“ICs” or “semiconductors”) ~~and~~, a variety of FPDs and, to a lesser extent, other types of electrical and optical components. We currently have 11 manufacturing facilities, which are located in Taiwan (3), Korea, the United States (3), Europe (2), and 2 recently constructed facilities in China. Our FPD facility in Hefei, China, commenced production in the second quarter of fiscal 2019, and our IC facility in Xiamen, China, commenced production in the third quarter of fiscal 2019.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements (“the financial statements”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information, and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, adjustments, all of which are of a normal recurring nature, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The financial statements include the accounts of Photronics, ~~Inc.,~~ its wholly owned subsidiaries, and the majority-owned subsidiaries which it controls. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in them. Estimates are based on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our estimates are based on the facts and circumstances available at the time they are made. ~~Actual~~Subsequent actual results ~~we report~~ may differ from such estimates. We review these estimates periodically and reflect any effects of revisions in the period in which they are determined.

Reclassified prior period amounts have been made to conform to the current period presentation, including the separation of Foreign currency transaction impact, net, from Interest income and other income, net, on the condensed consolidated statements of income.

Our business is typically impacted during the first, and sometimes the second, quarters of our fiscal year by the North American, European, and Asian holiday periods, as some customers reduce their development and buying activities during those periods. Operating results for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending October 31, ~~2020.~~2021. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

NOTE 2 - CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH

Cash and cash equivalents include cash and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less, readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and so near to their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. The carrying values of cash equivalents approximate their fair values, due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

Restricted cash is included in Other assets on our January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020, consolidated balance sheets, respectively. The restrictions on these amounts are primarily related to land lease agreements and customs requirements.

The following table presents cash and cash equivalents as reported in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, as well as the sum of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as reported on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

	January 31, 2021		October 31, 2020

Cash and cash equivalents	$	278,539	$	278,665
Restricted Cash		2,999		2,937

	$	281,538	$	281,602

NOTE 3 - INVENTORIES

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined under the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method, or net realizable value. Presented below are the components of inventory at the balance sheet dates:

February 2,
2020

October 31,
2019

Raw materials $ 46,090 $ 46,027
Work in process 2,981 2,122
Finished goods 602 6

$ 49,673 $ 48,155

	January 31, 2021		October 31, 2020

Raw materials	$	55,458	$	56,389
Work in process		935		767
Finished goods		14		113

	$	56,407	$	57,269

NOTE 34 - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:

	February 2, 2020			October 31, 2019
							January 31, 2021			October 31, 2020
Land	$	12,055		$	12,085		$	12,653		$	12,422
Buildings and improvements		173,497			172,340			182,540			179,162
Machinery and equipment		1,759,785			1,748,483			1,845,975			1,812,791
Leasehold improvements		20,021			19,921			21,587			21,157
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment		14,304			14,404			16,354			15,665
Construction in progress		18,521			28,135			113,282			70,915

		1,998,183			1,995,368			2,192,391			2,112,112
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(1,378,248	)		(1,362,927	)		(1,519,993	)		(1,480,637	)

	$	619,935		$	632,441		$	672,398		$	631,475

D~~epreciation~~Depreciation and amortization expense for property, plant and equipment was ~~$23.5 million and $17.6~~$22.6 million for the three-month ~~periods~~period ended January 31, 2021, and $23.5 million for the three-month period ended February 2, 2020, respectively.

Right-of-use assets resulting from finance leases are included in above property, plant and ~~January 27, 2019, respectively.~~equipment as follows:

	January 31, 2021		October 31, 2020
Construction in progress	$	35,560	$	0
Less accumulated amortization		0		0
	$	35,560	$	0

NOTE 45 - PDMCX JOINT VENTURE

In January 2018, Photronics, through its wholly owned Singapore subsidiary (hereinafter, within this Note “we”, “Photronics”, “us” or “our”), and Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., through its wholly owned subsidiary “DNP Asia Pacific PTE, Ltd.” ~~(hereinafter, within this Note, “DNP”~~(“DNP”) entered into a joint venture under which DNP obtained a 49.99% interest in our IC business in Xiamen, China. The joint venture, known as “Xiamen American Japan Photronics Mask Co., Ltd.” ~~(hereinafter, “PDMCX”~~(“PDMCX”), was established to develop and manufacture photomasks for ~~leading edge~~leading-edge and ~~advanced generation~~advanced-generation semiconductors. We entered into this joint venture to enable us to compete more effectively for the merchant photomask business in China, and to benefit from the additional resources and investment that DNP provides to enable us to offer advanced-process technology to our customers. NaN gain or loss was recorded upon the formation of this joint venture.

The total investment per the PDMCX operating agreement (“the Agreement”) is $160 million. As of ~~February 2, 2020,~~January 31, 2021, Photronics and DNP had each contributed cash of approximately $4865 million, and PDMCX had obtained local financing of approximately $3550 ~~million. The remaining $~~million; 29 ~~million~~thus both parties have fulfilled their initial investment ~~will be funded, over~~commitments under the ~~next several quarters, with additional local financing of $~~15 ~~million and approximately $~~14 ~~million of cash contributions from Photronics and DNP.~~ Agreement. As discussed in Note 5,6, liens were granted to athe local financing entity on assets with a total carrying value of ~~$92.9~~$95.7 million, as collateral for the loans.

Under the Agreement, DNP is afforded, under certain circumstances, the right to put its interest in PDMCX to Photronics. These circumstances include disputes regarding the strategic direction of PDMCX that may arise after the initial two-year term of the Agreement and cannot be resolved between the two parties. As of the date of issuance of these financial statements, DNP had not indicated its intention to exercise this right. In addition, both Photronics and DNP have the option to purchase, or put, their interest from, or to, the other party, should their ownership interest fall below twenty percent for a period of more than six consecutive months. Under all such circumstances, the sales of ownership interests would be at the exiting party’s ownership percentage of the joint venture’s net book value, with closing to take place within three business days of obtaining required approvals and clearance.

We recorded net losses from the operations of PDMCX of ~~$3.7~~$0.1 million, and ~~$1.3~~$3.7 million during the three-month periods ended January 31, 2021 and February 2, 2020, ~~and January 27, 2019,~~ respectively. General creditors of PDMCX do 0tnot have recourse to the assets of Photronics ~~Inc.~~(other than the net assets of PDMCX), and our maximum exposure to loss from PDMCX at ~~February 2, 2020,~~January 31, 2021, was ~~$36.6~~ $56.8 million.

As required by the guidance in Topic 810 - “Consolidation” of the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), we evaluated our involvement in PDMCX for the purpose of determining whether we should consolidate its results in our financial statements. The initial step of our evaluation was to determine whether PDMCX was a variable interest entity (“VIE”). Due to its lack of sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, we determined that it was a VIE. Having made this determination, we then assessed whether we were the primary beneficiary of the VIE, and concluded that we were the primary beneficiary during the current and prior year reporting periods; thus, as required, the PDMCX financial results have been consolidated with ~~Photronics, Inc.~~Photronics. Our conclusion was based on the facts that we held a controlling financial interest in PDMCX (which resulted from our having the power to direct the activities that most significantly impacted its economic performance) and had the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to PDMCX. Our conclusions that we had the power to direct the activities that most significantly affected the economic performance of PDMCX during the current and prior year reporting periods ~~was~~were based on our right to appoint the majority of its board of directors, which has, among others, the powers to manage the business (through its rights to appoint and evaluate ~~PDMCX's~~PDMCX’s management), incur indebtedness, enter into agreements and commitments, and acquire and dispose of PDMCX’s assets. In addition, as a result of the 50.01% variable interest we held during the current and prior-year periods, we had the obligation to absorb losses, and the right to receive benefits, that could potentially be significant to PDMCX.

The carrying amounts of PDMCX assets and liabilities included in our condensed consolidated balance sheets are presented in the following table, together with our exposure to loss related to these assets and liabilities.

	February 2, 2020				October 31, 2019				January 31, 2021				October 31, 2020
Classification	Carrying Amount		Photronics Interest		Carrying Amount		Photronics Interest		Carrying Amount		Photronics Interest		Carrying Amount		Photronics Interest

Current assets	$	23,638	$	11,821	$	24,142	$	12,074	$	43,753	$	21,881	$	56,095	$	28,053
Non-current assets		110,296		55,159		114,015		57,019		144,069		72,049		141,097		70,562

Total assets		133,934		66,980		138,157		69,093		187,822		93,930		197,192		98,615

Current liabilities		24,044		12,024		16,889		8,446		29,545		14,776		31,922		15,964
Non-current liabilities		36,716		18,362		42,094		21,051		44,620		22,314		55,676		27,844

Total liabilities		60,760		30,386		58,983		29,497		74,165		37,090		87,598		43,808

Net assets	$	73,174	$	36,594	$	79,174	$	39,596	$	113,657	$	56,840	$	109,594	$	54,807

~~NOTE 5 – LONG-TERM DEBT~~

~~Long-term debt consists of the following:~~

February 2,
2020

October 31,
2019

Project Loans $ 35,094 $ 34,490
Working Capital Loans (value added tax component) 9,314 9,539

44,408 44,029
Current portion of long-term debt (7,959 ) (2,142 )

Long-term debt $ 36,449 $ 41,887

NOTE 6 - DEBT

At ~~February 2, 2020, maturities of our long-term debt over the next five fiscal years and thereafter were as follows:~~

2020 (remainder of) $ 1,788
2021 8,449
2022 12,648
2023 3,501
2024 6,704
Thereafter 11,318
$ 44,408

AsShort-term debt was $0.0 million, and $4.7 million as of ~~February 2, 2020~~January 31, 2021 and October 31, ~~2019, the~~2020, respectively. The weighted-average interest ~~rates of~~rate on our short-term debt ~~were~~ ~~3.90%~~ ~~and~~ ~~3.84%, respectively.~~as of October 31, 2020 was 2.02%.

The tables below provide information on our long-term debt.

As of January 31, 2021	Xiamen Project Loans			Xiamen Working Capital Loans			Hefei Equipment Loan			Finance Lease			Total
Principal due:
Next 12 months	$	6,961		$	8,861		$	0		$	5,819		$	21,641
Months 13 – 24	$	10,055		$	990		$	4,641		$	5,445		$	21,131
Months 25 – 36		10,055			3,465			1,701			5,509			20,730
Months 37 – 48		10,055			0			0			18,787			28,842
Months 49 – 60		9,281			0			0			0			9,281
Thereafter		0			0			0			0			0
Long-term debt	$	39,446		$	4,455		$	6,342		$	29,741		$	79,984

Interest rate at balance sheet date		4.90	%		4.53% - 4.61	%		4.20	%		1.14	%
Basis spread on interest rates		25.00			67.75 - 76.00			(45.00	)		N/A
Interest rate reset	Quarterly			Monthly/Annually			Annually				N/A
Maturity date	December 2025			July 2023			September 2026			December 2024
Periodic payment amount	Increases as loans mature			Increases as loans mature			Varies ⁽¹⁾			Varies ⁽³⁾
Periodic payment frequency	Semiannual, on individual loans			Semiannual, on individual loans			Semiannual⁽²⁾			Monthly
Loan collateral (carrying amount)	$	95,703			N/A		$	89,799		$	35,560	⁽⁴⁾

⁽¹⁾First five loan repayments will each be for 7.5 percent of the approved 200 million RMB loan principal; last five installments will each be for 12.5 percent of the approved loan principal.

⁽²⁾Semiannual repayments commence in March 2022.

⁽³⁾ See Note 8 for periodic payment amounts.

⁽⁴⁾Amount represents the carrying amount of the related right-of-use asset, in which the lessor has a secured interest.

As of October 31, 2020	Xiamen Project Loans			Xiamen Working Capital Loans			Total
Principal due:
Next 12 months	$	6,705		$	2,265		$	8,970
Months 13 – 24	$	7,334		$	7,808		$	15,142
Months 25 – 36		9,592			3,814			13,406
Months 37 – 48		9,789			0			9,789
Months 49 – 60		9,432			0			9,432
Thereafter		7,211			0			7,211
Long-term debt	$	43,358		$	11,622		$	54,980

Interest rate at balance sheet date		4.90	%		4.53% - 4.61	%
Basis spread on interest rates		25.00			40.00 - 76.00
Loan collateral (carrying amount)	$	94,459			N/A

Table of Contents

Xiamen Project Loans

In November 2018, PDMCX was approved for credit of $50345 million RMB (approximately $53.4 million, at the balance sheet date), subject to certain limitations related to PDMCX registered capital at the time of the initial approval, pursuant to which PDMCX has and will enter into separate loan agreements (“the Project Loans”) for intermittent borrowings. The Project Loans, which are denominated in ~~Chinese renminbi (RMB),~~RMB, are being used to finance certain capital expenditures ~~in China.~~for our Xiamen, China facility. PDMCX granted liens on its land use right, building, and certain equipment~~which had a combined carrying value of $92.9 million as of February 2, 2020,~~ as collateral for the Project Loans. As of ~~February 2, 2020,~~January 31, 2021, PDMCX had ~~borrowed~~ ~~243.4~~outstanding borrowings of 300.0 million RMB ($~~35.1~~46.4 million) against this approval. ~~Payments on these borrowings are due semi-annually through~~ ~~December 2025; the initial payment is scheduled for~~ ~~June 2020. The table below presents, in U.S. dollars, the timing of future payments against the borrowings.~~

Fiscal Year
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

Principal payments $ 1,298 $ 6,488 $ 5,785 $ 3,501 $ 6,704 $ 6,416 $ 4,902

The interest rates on the Project Loans are variable, and based on the ~~benchmark lending rate~~RMB Loan Prime Rate of the ~~People’s Bank of China (4.9% at February 2, 2020).~~National Interbank Funding Center. Interest incurred on the loans ~~will be reimbursed~~is eligible for reimbursement through incentives provided by the Xiamen Torch Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, which provide for such reimbursements up to a prescribed limit.

Xiamen Working Capital Loans

In November 2018, PDMCX ~~received approval~~was approved for revolving, unsecured credit of $~~25.0~~the equivalent of $25.0 million, pursuant to which PDMCX may enter into separate loan ~~agreements.~~agreements with varying terms to maturity. Under this credit agreement (the “Working Capital Loans”), PDMCX can borrow up to 140.0 million RMB to pay value-added taxes (“VAT”), and up to 60.0 million RMB to fund operations; combined total borrowings are limited to $~~25.0~~the equivalent of $25.0 million. As of ~~February 2, 2020,~~January 31, 2021, PDMCX had ~~64.6~~86.1 million RMB ($~~9.3~~13.3 million) outstanding against the approvalto pay ~~VAT. Payments on these~~VAT and 0 outstanding borrowings ~~are due semiannually, at an increasing rate, through~~ ~~January 2022; PDMCX made installment payments totaling $0.4~~ ~~million during the three-month period ended February 2, 2020. The table below presents, in U.S. dollars, the timing of future payments against these borrowings.~~

Fiscal Year
2020 2021 2022

Principal payments $ 490 $ 1,961 $ 6,863

~~As of February 2, 2020, PDMCX had borrowed, in several transactions to fund operations, 44.8 million RMB ($6.5 million)~~ against the approval ~~all of which was outstanding as of that date repayments are due one year from the borrowing dates.~~

to fund operations. The interest rates on ~~borrowings to fund operations are approximately 4.4 to 4.6% and interest rates on borrowings~~the approval to pay VAT are ~~approximately 4.8 to 4.9%; both rates are~~variable, based on the RMB Loan Prime Rate of the National Interbank Funding ~~Center, plus spreads that range from 25.75 to 67.75 basis points.~~Center. Interest incurred on the VAT loans ~~will be reimbursed~~are eligible for reimbursement through incentives provided by the Xiamen Torch Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, which provide for such reimbursements up to a prescribed limit.

~~Index~~

Hefei Equipment Loan

~~Effective July 2019,~~In October 2020, our Hefei facility was approved to borrow 200 million RMB (approximately $30.9 million, at the ~~Company entered into~~balance sheet date) from the China Construction Bank Corporation. Loan proceeds have been, and will be, used to fund the purchases of 2 lithography tools at our facility in Hefei, China. As of January 31, 2021, we had 41.0 million RMB ($6.3 million) outstanding against this approval. The interest rate on the loan is variable and based on the RMB Loan Prime Rate of the National Interbank Funding Center. The borrowings are secured by the Hefei facility, its related land use right, and certain manufacturing equipment. The Hefei Equipment Loan has covenants and provisions, certain of which relate to the assets pledged as security for the loan, which we were not in compliance with at January 31, 2021. We obtained waivers from the lender for all instances of noncompliance, but are precluded from borrowing additional funds against this facility until our noncompliance with this provision has been cured. In addition, the loan includes covenants for the ratio of total liabilities to total assets and the ratio of current assets to current liabilities.

Finance Lease

In December 2020, under a Master Lease Agreement ~~(“MLA”)~~ which ~~enables us to request advance payments or other funds to finance equipment to be leased or purchased in the U.S. In connection with this MLA,~~ we ~~were approved~~entered into effective July 2019, we entered into a $35.6 million lease for ~~financing of $~~35 ~~million for the purchase of~~ a high-end lithography tool. InUpon entering into the ~~fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, the financing entity, upon~~lease, our ~~request, made an advance payment of $3.5~~prior $3.5 million short-term obligation to the ~~equipment vendor on our behalf. Interest~~lessor became a portion of this lease liability. See Note 8 for additional information on this ~~borrowing is payable monthly at~~ ~~thirty-day~~ ~~LIBOR plus~~ 1% (~~2.67%~~ at February 2, 2020), and will continue to accrue until the borrowing is repaid or, as allowed under the MLA, we enter into a lease for the equipment. We intend to enter into a lease agreement for the related equipment in fiscal year 2020; as such, we have classified this borrowing as current debt. All borrowings under the MLA are secured by the equipment to be leased or purchased.lease.

Corporate Credit Agreement

In September 2018, we entered into a five-year amended and restated credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), which has a $50 million borrowing limit, with an expansion capacity to $100 million. The Credit Agreement is secured by substantially all of our assets located in the United States and common stock we own in certain foreign subsidiaries. The Credit Agreement includes covenants around minimum interest coverage ratio, total leverage ratio, and minimum unrestricted cash balance ~~covenants~~ (all of which we were in compliance with at ~~February 2, 2020)~~January 31, 2021), and limits the amount of cash dividends, distributions, and redemptions we can pay on our common stock to an aggregate annual amount of $50 million. We had 0 outstanding borrowings against the Credit Agreement at ~~February 2, 2020,~~January 31, 2021, and $50 million was available for borrowing. The interest rate on the Credit Agreement ~~(2.65%~~(1.12% at ~~February 2, 2020)~~January 31, 2021) is based on our total leverage ratio at LIBOR plus a spread, as defined in the Credit Agreement.

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NOTE 67 - REVENUE

We recognize revenue when, or as, control of a good or service transfers to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring those goods or services. We account for an arrangement as a revenue contract when each party has approved and is committed to perform under the contract, the rights of the contracting parties regarding the goods or services to be transferred and the payment terms are identifiable, the arrangement has commercial substance, and collection of consideration is probable. Substantially all of our revenue comes from the sales of photomasks. We typically contract with our customers to sell sets of photomasks, ~~(referred to as “mask sets”),~~ which are comprised of multiple layers, the predominance of which we invoice as they ship to customers. As the photomasks are manufactured to customer specifications, they have no alternative use to us and, as our contracts generally provide us with the right to payment for work completed to date, we recognize revenue as we perform, or “over ~~time”~~time,” on most of our contracts. We measure our performance to date using an input method, which is based on our estimated costs to complete the various manufacturing phases of a photomask. At the end of a reporting period, there will be a number of uncompleted revenue contracts on which we have performed; for any such contracts under which we are entitled to be compensated for our costs incurred plus a reasonable profit, we recognize revenue and a corresponding contract asset for such performance. We account for shipping and handling activities that we perform after a customer obtains control of a good as being activities to fulfill our promise to transfer the good to the customer, rather than as promised services, or performance obligations, under the contract. We report our revenue net of any sales or similar taxes we collect on behalf of governmental entities.

As stated above, photomasks are manufactured to customer specifications in accordance with their proprietary designs; thus, they are individually unique. Due to their uniqueness and other factors, their transaction prices are individually established through negotiations with customers; consequently, our photomasks do not have standard or “list” prices. The transaction prices of the vast majority of our revenue contracts include only fixed amounts of consideration. In certain instances, such as when we offer a customer an early payment discount, an estimate of variable consideration would be included in the transaction price, but only to the extent that a significant reversal of revenue would not occur when the uncertainty related to the variability is resolved.

Contract Assets, Contract Liabilities, and Accounts Receivable

We recognize a contract asset when our performance under a contract precedes our receipt of consideration from a customer, or before payment is due, and our receipt of consideration is conditional upon factors other than the passage of time. Contract assets reflect our transfer of control ~~to customers~~ of photomasks that are in process or completed but not yet ~~shipped.~~shipped to customers. A receivable is recognized when we have an unconditional right to payment for our performance, which generally occurs when we ship the photomasks. Our contract assets primarily consist of a significant amount of our in-process production orders and fully manufactured photomasks which have not yet shipped, for which we have an enforceable right to collect consideration (including a reasonable profit) in the event the in-process orders are cancelled by customers. On an individual contract basis, we net contract assets with contract liabilities (deferred revenue) for financial reporting purposes. ~~Our contract assets and liabilities are typically classified as current, as our production cycle and our lead times are both under one year.~~ Contract assets of $~~7.9~~6.8 million are included in ~~“Other”~~Other current assets, and contract liabilities of $~~11.8~~7.5 million and $5.3 million are included in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities, respectively, in our ~~February 2, 2020~~January 31, 2021 condensed consolidated balance sheet. Our October 31, ~~2019~~2020 condensed consolidated balance sheet includes contract assets of $~~7.6~~6.3 million, included in Other current assets, and contract liabilities of $~~11.5~~8.0 ~~million; with like classification to the February 2, 2020, balances.~~million and $5.2 million are included in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities, respectively. We did 0t impair any contract assets during the ~~three-month~~three-month periods ended January 31, 2021 or February 2, 2020 ~~or January 27, 2019,~~, and we recognized $~~1.2~~2.5 million and $~~0.7~~1.2 million, respectively, of revenue from the settlement of contract liabilities that existed at the beginning of those ~~respective~~three-month periods.

~~Index~~

We generally record our accounts receivable at their billed amounts. All outstanding past due customer invoices are reviewed for collectibility during, and at the end of, every reporting period. To the extent we believe a loss on the collection of a customer invoice is probable, we record the loss and credit the allowance for doubtful accounts. In the event that an amount is determined to be uncollectible, we charge the allowance for doubtful accounts and derecognize the related receivable. Credit losses incurred on our accounts receivable during the ~~three-month period~~three-month periods ended January 31, 2021 or February 2, 2020, were ~~immaterial, and we did~~ 0~~t incur any credit losses on our accounts receivable during the three-month period ended January 27, 2019.~~immaterial.

Our invoice terms generally range from net thirty to ninety days, depending on both the geographic market in which the transaction occurs and our payment agreements with specific customers. In the event that our evaluation of a customer’s business prospects and financial condition indicate that the customer presents a collectibility risk, we modify terms of sale, which may require payment in advance of performance. ~~We have~~At the time of adoption, we elected the practical expedient allowed under ASC Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic ~~606”~~606”) that permits us not to adjust a contract’s promised amount of consideration to reflect a financing component when the period between when we transfer control of goods or services to customers and when we are paid is one year or less.

In instances when we are paid in advance of our performance, we record a contract liability and, as allowed under the practical expedient in Topic 606, recognize interest expense only if the period between when we receive payment from the customer and the date when we expect to be entitled to the payment is greater than one year. Historically, advance payments we’ve received from customers have generally not preceded the completion of our performance obligations by more than one year.

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Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables present our revenue for the ~~three-month~~three-month periods ended January 31, 2021 and February 2, 2020 ~~and January 27, 2019,~~, disaggregated by product type, geographic origin, and timing of recognition. In the three-month period ended February 2, 2020, we changed the threshold for the definition of high-end FPD, from G8 and above and active matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display screens, to G10.5 and above, AMOLED, and low-temperature polysilicon display screens (LTPS), to reflect the overall advancement of technology in the FPD industry. Our definition of high-end IC products remains as 28 nanometer or smaller. The revenue by product type for the three-month period ended January 27, 2019, presented below has been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	February 2, 2020		January 27, 2019		Three Months Ended
Revenue by Product Type					January 31, 2021		February 2, 2020

IC
High-end	$	41,041	$	34,566	$	36,780	$	41,041
Mainstream		65,937		60,314		68,176		65,937

Total IC	$	106,978	$	94,880	$	104,956	$	106,978


FPD
High-end	$	39,770	$	15,350	$	34,645	$	39,770
Mainstream		12,988		14,482		12,466		12,988

Total FPD	$	52,758	$	29,832	$	47,111	$	52,758

	$	159,736	$	124,712	$	152,067	$	159,736

~~Index~~

	Three Months Ended
Revenue by Geographic Origin	January 31, 2021		February 2, 2020
Taiwan	$	56,590	$	66,114
Korea		38,783		40,736
United States		26,604		25,067
China		20,997		19,900
Europe		8,575		7,543
All other Asia		518		376

	$	152,067	$	159,736

Revenue by Geographic Origin

Taiwan $ 66,114 $ 57,740
Korea 40,736 35,237
United States 25,067 22,472
Europe 7,543 8,354
China 19,900 263
All other Asia 376 646

$ 159,736 $ 124,712

						Three Months Ended
Revenue by Timing of Recognition	Revenue by Timing of Recognition					January 31, 2021		February 2, 2020
Over time		$	137,696	$	120,845	$	141,284	$	137,696
At a point in time			22,040		3,867		10,783		22,040
		$	159,736	$	124,712	$	152,067	$	159,736

Contract Costs

We pay commissions to ~~third party~~third-party sales agents for certain sales that they obtain for us. However, the bases of the commissions are the transaction prices of the sales, which are completed in less than one year; thus, no relationship is established with a customer that will result in future business. Therefore, we would not recognize any portion of these sales commissions as costs of obtaining a contract, nor do we currently foresee other circumstances under which we would recognize such assets.

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Remaining Performance Obligations

As we are typically required to fulfill customer orders within a short time period, our backlog of orders is generally not in excess of one to two weeks for IC photomasks and two to three weeks for FPD photomasks. As allowed under Topic 606, we have elected not to disclose our remaining performance obligations, which represent the costs associated with the completion of the manufacturing process of in-process photomasks related to contracts that have an original duration of one year or less.

~~Sales and Similar Taxes~~

~~We report our revenue net of any sales or similar taxes we collect on behalf of governmental entities.~~

Product ~~Warranty~~Warranties

Our photomasks are sold under warranties that generally range from one to twenty-four months. We warrant that our photomasks conform to customer specifications, and will typically repair, replace, or issue a refund for at(at our ~~option,~~option) any photomasks that fail to do so. The warranties do not represent separate performance obligations in our revenue contracts. Historically, customer claims under ~~warranty~~warranties have been immaterial.

NOTE 7 –8 - LEASES

~~We adopted ASU~~ ~~2016~~-02 ~~and all subsequent amendments, collectively codified in ASC Topic~~ ~~842~~ ~~“Leases” (“Topic~~ ~~842”), on November~~ 1,~~2019.~~ The guidance requires modified retrospective adoption, either at the beginning of the earliest period presented or at the beginning of the period of adoption. We elected to apply the guidance at the beginning of the period of adoption and recorded, as of November 1, 2019, right-of-use (ROU) leased assets of ~~$6.5 million.~~ ~~In conjuction with this, we recorded lease liabilities, which had been discounted at our incremental borrowing rates, of $6.5~~ ~~million.~~

~~The guidance allows a number of elections and practical expedients, of which we elected the following:~~

~~Election not to recognize short-term leases on the balance sheet.~~

~~Practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components in a contract.~~

~~Index~~

~~Practical expedient “package” for transitioning to the new guidance:~~

~~Not reassessing whether any expired or existing contracts are, or contain, leases.~~

~~Not reassessing lease classification for any existing or expired leases.~~

~~Not reassessing initial direct costs for any existing leases.~~

Our involvement in lease arrangements has typically been as a lessee. We determine if an agreement is or contains a lease on the date of the lease agreement or commitment, if earlier. Our evaluation considers whether the arrangement includes an identified asset and whether it affords us the right to control the asset. Our having the right to control the identified asset is determined by whether we are entitled to substantially all of its economic benefits and can direct its use.

We recognize leases on our consolidated balance sheet when a lessor makes an asset underlying a lease having a term in excess of twelve months available for our use. The present value of lease payments over the term of the lease, which is determined using our incremental borrowing rate for collateralized loans at the commencement date of the lease, provides the basis for the initial measurement of ~~ROU~~right-of-use assets and their related lease liabilities. Variable lease payments, other than those that are dependent on an index or on a rate, are not included in the measurement of ~~ROU~~right-of-use (ROU) assets and their related lease liabilities. Lease terms will include extension periods if the lease agreement includes an option to extend the lease that we are reasonably certain to exercise. As allowed under ASC Topic 842 – “Leases” we have elected, for all classes of assets, the practical expedient to not separate lease components of a contract from nonlease components of a contract.

In December 2020, we entered into a five-year $35.6 million finance lease for a high-end lithography tool. Monthly payments on the lease, which commenced in January 2021, increase from $0.04 million after the first three months to $0.6 million for the following nine months, followed by forty-eight monthly payments of $0.5 million. As of the due date for the forty-eighth monthly payment, we may exercise an early buy-out option to purchase the tool at 39.84% of its original cost. If we do not exercise the early buy-out option, then at the end of thefive-year lease term, at our option, we may return the tool, elect to extend the lease term for a period and a lease payment to be agreed with lessor at the time, or purchase the tool for its then-fair market value as determined by the lessor. Since we are reasonably certain that we will exercise the early buy-out option, we have classified the lease as a finance lease. The interest rate of the lease, which is the rate implicit in the lease, is1.14%.

~~ROU assets underlying~~ In February 2021, we entered into a five-year $7.2 million finance lease for a high-end inspection tool. Monthly payments on the lease, which commenced in February 2021, are $0.1 million per month. Upon the payment of the fiftieth monthly payment and prior to payment of the fifty-first monthly payment, we may exercise an early buy-out option to purchase the tool at 33.684638% of its original cost. If we do not exercise the early buy-out option, then at the end of the five-year lease term, the lease shall continue to renew on a month-to-month basis at the same rental; at our ~~leases include~~option, after the ~~land~~original term or any renewal periods, we may return the tool, elect to extend the lease, or purchase the tool at its fair market value. Since we are reasonably certain that we will exercise the early buy-out option, we have classified the lease as a finance lease. The interest rate of the lease, which is the rate implicit in the lease, is 1.09%.

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The following table provides information on operating and ~~facilities of some of our operating facilities, other real property, and machinery and equipment. As of February~~ 2,~~2020,~~ ~~we had ROU assets under operating~~finance leases of ~~$7.0 million~~, included in ~~“Other Assets”, and~~ ~~$1.9~~ ~~and~~ ~~$4.4 million~~ ~~of lease liabilities in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities, respectively, and recognized operating lease and short-term lease costs of~~ ~~$1.2 million~~ ~~and~~ ~~$0.1 million, respectively, in the~~ ~~three-month period then ended; variable lease costs incurred were not material.~~ our consolidated balance sheets.

Classification	January 31, 2021		October 31, 2020
ROU Assets – Operating Leases
Other assets	$	7,517	$	7,706

ROU Assets – Finance Leases
Property, plant and equipment	$	35,560	$	0

Lease Liabilities – Operating Leases
Accrued liabilities	$	2,282	$	2,175
Other liabilities		4,792		5,008
	$	7,074	$	7,183

Lease Liabilities – Finance Leases
Current portion of long-term debt	$	5,819	$	0
Long-term debt		29,741		0
	$	35,560	$	0

The following ~~tables present~~table presents future lease payments under ~~non-cancellable~~noncancelable operating and finance leases as of ~~February~~ January 31, 20212,~~2020.~~

Fiscal Year
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Thereafter
Total Lease
Payments

Imputed
Interest*
Total
Lease payments $ 1,521 $ 1,767 $ 1,652 $ 770 $ 438 $ 386 $ 6,534 $ (286 ) $ 6,248

*. Imputed interest represents the difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash ~~flows.~~flows.

	Operating Leases		Finance Lease
Remainder of fiscal year 2021	$	1,814	$	4,506
2022		2,306		6,054
2023		1,311		5,760
2024		783		5,760
2025		639		14,661
Thereafter		550		0
Total lease payments		7,403		36,741
Imputed interest		329		1,181
Lease liabilities	$	7,074	$	35,560

The following table presents lease costs for the three-month periods ended January 31, 2021 and February 2, 2020.

	Three Months Ended
	January 31, 2021		February 2, 2020
Operating lease costs	$	664	$	1,178
Short-term lease costs	$	46	$	122
Variable lease costs	$	144	$	0
Interest on lease liabilities	$	35	$	0
Amortization of ROU assets	$	0	$	0

Presented below is other information related to our operating and finance leases.

Three Months Ended

Supplemental cash flows information: February 2, 2020

Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 1,885
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations $ 282

	~~As of~~
	~~February 2, 2020~~

~~Weighted-average remaining lease term~~	~~3.9 years~~
~~Weighted-average discount rate~~		~~2.38~~	%

Rent expense, as calculated under guidance in effect prior to our adoption of the new leases guidance, was $3.0 million in fiscal year 2019. At October 31, 2019, future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases with initial terms in excess of one year were as presented in the table below. The amounts are undiscounted and were calculated in accordance with guidance in effect prior to our adoption of the new leases guidance.

	Three Months Ended
Supplemental cash flows information:	January 31, 2021		February 2, 2020
Operating cash flows used for operating leases	$	603	$	1,885
Operating cash flows used for finance leases	$	35	$	0
Financing cash flows used for finance leases	$	0	$	0
ROU assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	$	267	$	282
ROU assets obtained in exchange for finance lease obligations	$	35,560	$	0

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2020 $ 1,885
2021 1,613
2022 1,535
2023 742
2024 424
Thereafter 377

$ 6,576

	As of
	January 31, 2021					October 31, 2020
Classification	Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)		Weighted-average discount rate			Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)		Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases		3.9		2.37	%		4.1		2.37	%
Finance lease		3.9		1.14	%		-		0

NOTE 89 - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

In March 2016, shareholders approved a new equity incentive compensation plan (the “Plan”), under which incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock grants, stock-based awards, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance units, performance stock, and other stock or cash awards may be granted. Shares to be issued under the Plan may be authorized and unissued shares, issued shares that have been reacquired by us (in the ~~open market~~open-market or in private transactions), ~~shares held in the treasury,~~ or a combination thereof. The maximum number of shares of common stock approved ~~for issuance~~that may be issued under the Plan is 4 million ~~million~~ shares. Awards may be granted to officers, employees, directors, consultants, advisors, and independent contractors of Photronics or its subsidiaries. In the event of a change in control (as defined in the Plan), the vesting of awards may be accelerated. The Plan, aspects of which are more fully described below, prohibits further awards from being issued under prior plans. ~~We incurred total~~Total share-based compensation ~~expenses of~~ ~~$1.4 million~~ ~~and~~ ~~$1.1 million~~ incosts for the three-month periods ended ~~February~~ 2,~~2020~~January 31, 2021 and ~~January~~ ~~27,~~February 2, 2020, were $~~2019,~~ ~~and we received cash from option exercises of~~ ~~$2.8~~1.3 million and $~~$0.5~~1.4 million ~~during those respective periods.~~, respectively. NaN share-based compensation cost was capitalized as part of an asset during the periods presented, and0 related income tax benefits were ~~recorded~~0t material during those periods.

Restricted Stock

We periodically grant restricted stock awards, the restrictions on which typically lapse over a service period of one to four years. The fair value of the awards is determined on the date of grant, based on the closing price of our common stock. There were 541,200 restricted stock awards granted during the ~~periods presented.~~three-month period ended January 31, 2021, with a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $11.13 per share, and there were 522,000 restricted stock awards granted during the three-month period ended February 2, 2020, with a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $15.26 per share. As of January 31, 2021, the total compensation cost not yet recognized related to unvested restricted stock awards was approximately $10.6 million. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average amortization period of 3.0 years. As of January 31, 2021, there were 1,059,001 shares of restricted stock outstanding.

Stock Options

Option awards generally vest ~~annually, on a straight-line basis,over~~ in one to four years, and have a ten-year contractual term. All incentive and non-qualified stock option grants must have an exercise price no less than the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. The grant-date fair values of options are based on closing prices of our common stock on the dates of grant and are calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our common stock. We use historical option exercise behavior and employee termination data to estimate expected term, which represents the period of time that options ~~granted~~ are expected to remain outstanding. The risk-free rate of return for the estimated term of anthe option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the date of ~~grant.~~grant.

There were 0 ~~options granted during the~~ ~~three-month period ended February~~ 2,~~2020,~~ ~~and there were~~ ~~132,000~~ share options granted during the ~~three-month~~three-month period ended January ~~27,2019,~~ ~~with a weighted-average grant date fair value~~31, 2021, or the three-month period ended February 2, 2020. The Company received cash from option exercises of ~~$3.31~~ ~~per share.~~$0.7 million and $2.8 million for the three-month periods ended January 31, 2021 and February 2, 2020, respectively. As of ~~February~~ 2,~~2020,~~January 31, 2021, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested option awards was approximately ~~$0.7 million~~.$0.3 million. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average amortization period of ~~2.1~~1.6 years.

~~The weighted-average inputs and risk-free rates of return used to calculate the grant-date fair value of options issued during the~~ ~~three-month period ended January~~ ~~27,2019,~~ ~~are presented in the following table.~~

	~~Three Months Ended~~
	~~January 27, 2019~~

~~Volatility~~		~~33.1%~~

~~Risk free rate of return~~		~~2.5-2.9%~~

~~Dividend yield~~		~~0.0%~~

~~Expected term~~		~~5.1 years~~

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Information on outstanding and exercisable option awards as of ~~February~~ January 31, 20212,~~2020,~~, is presented below.

Options Shares
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price

Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

Outstanding at February 2, 2020 1,795,989 $ 9.17 5.4 years $ 6,492

Exercisable at February 2, 2020 1,487,661 $ 9.07 4.8 years $ 5,518

~~Restricted Stock~~

~~We periodically grant restricted stock awards, the restrictions on which typically lapse over a service period of~~ ~~one~~ to ~~four years. . The fair value of an award is the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. There were~~ ~~522,000~~ ~~restricted stock awards issued during the~~ ~~three-month period ended February~~ 2,~~2020,~~ ~~with a weighted-average grant-date fair value of~~ ~~$15.26~~ ~~per share, and there were~~ ~~435,000~~ ~~restricted stock awards issued during the~~ ~~three-month period ended January~~ ~~27,2019,~~ ~~with a weighted-average grant-date fair value of~~ ~~$9.80~~ ~~per share. As of February~~ 2,~~2020,~~ ~~the total compensation cost not yet recognized related to unvested restricted stock awards was approximately~~ ~~$10.6 million. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average amortization period of~~ ~~3.2~~ ~~years. As of February~~ 2,~~2020,~~ ~~there were~~ ~~939,766~~ ~~shares of restricted stock outstanding.~~

Options	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value

Outstanding at January 31, 2021	1,524,777	$	9.39	4.6 years	$	2,954

Exercisable at January 31, 2021	1,412,200	$	9.40	4.3 years	$	2,747

NOTE 910 - INCOME TAXES

We calculate our provision for income taxes at the end of each interim reporting period on the basis of an estimated annual effective tax rate adjusted for tax items that are discrete to each period.

The effective tax rate of 23.6% in the three-month period ended January 31, 2021 differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the non-recognition of the tax benefit of losses that, in certain jurisdictions, have been offset by valuation allowances and non-U.S. pre-tax income being taxed at higher statutory rates in the non-U.S. jurisdictions that were partially offset by the benefits of investment credits in a foreign jurisdiction.

The effective tax rate of 45.4% ~~exceeds~~differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21.0% in the ~~three-month~~three-month period ended February 2,2020, primarily due to the non-recognition of the tax benefit of losses that, in certain jurisdictions, have been offset by valuation allowances, and the establishment of a valuation allowance for a loss carryforward in a non-U.S. jurisdiction, which were partially offset by the benefit of a tax ~~holidays~~holiday and investment credits in certain foreign ~~jurisdictions.~~jurisdictions.

Valuation allowances, in jurisdictions with historic losses, eliminate the current tax benefit of losses in these jurisdictions where, based on the weight of information available to us, we determined that it is more likely than not that the tax benefits will not be realized. In the three-month period ended February ~~2,2020,~~2, 2020, as a result of the reassessment of the aforementioned available information, we established a valuation allowance of $2.1 million against a non-U.S. based ~~loss carryforward~~loss-carryforward deferred tax asset that is not more likely than not to be realized.

Unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions were $~~$1.9 million~~2.6 million and $2.7 million at ~~February~~ 2,~~2020,~~January 31, 2021 and October 31,~~2019,~~ ~~substantially all~~ 2020, respectively, of which $1.9 million and $2.0 million, if recognized, would favorably impact the Company’s effective tax rate. Accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits was $~~$0.2 million~~0.1 million at ~~February~~ 2,~~2020~~January 31, 2021 and October 31,~~2019.~~ 2020. Although the timing of the expirations of statutes of limitations may be uncertain, as they can be dependent upon the settlement of tax audits, the Company believes that the amount of uncertain tax positions (including interest and penalties, and net of tax benefits) that may be resolved over the next twelve months is immaterial. Resolution of these uncertain tax positions may result from either or both the lapses of statutes of limitations and tax settlements. The Company is no longer subject to tax authority examinations in the U.S. and major foreign or state jurisdictions for years prior to fiscal year ~~2015.~~2015.

We were granted a five-year tax holiday in Taiwan that expired on December 31, 2019. This tax holiday reduced foreign taxes by $0.1 million~~, and~~ ~~$0.8 million~~ in the ~~three-month periods~~three-month period ended February 2,~~2020~~ ~~and January~~ ~~27,2019,~~ ~~respectively, with an immaterial~~ 2020; per share impact ~~in the February~~ was immaterial.2,~~2020~~ ~~period and a~~ ~~one half-cent~~ ~~per share effect in the January~~ ~~27,2019~~ ~~period.~~

~~The effective tax rate of~~ ~~15.2%~~ ~~differs from the U.S. statutory rate of~~ ~~21.0%~~ ~~in the~~ ~~three-month period ended January~~ ~~27,2019,~~ primarily due to earnings being taxed at lower statutory rates in foreign jurisdictions, the settlement of a tax audit, the benefit of a tax holiday, and investment credits in certain foreign jurisdictions.

NOTE 1011 - EARNINGS PER SHARE

The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share is presented below.

	Three Months Ended

	February 2, 2020		January 27, 2019		Three Months Ended
					January 31, 2021		February 2, 2020
Net income attributable to Photronics, Inc. shareholders	$	10,300	$	5,267	$	8,036	$	10,300
Effect of dilutive securities						0		0

Earnings used for diluted earnings per share	$	10,300	$	5,267	$	8,036	$	10,300

Weighted-average common shares computations:
Weighted-average common shares used for basic earnings per share		65,554		66,583		62,475		65,554
Effect of dilutive securities:
Share-based payment awards		895		464		530		895

Potentially dilutive common shares		895		464		530		895

Weighted-average common shares used for diluted earnings per share		66,449		67,047		63,005		66,449

Basic earnings per share	$	0.16	$	0.08	$	0.13	$	0.16
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.16	$	0.08	$	0.13	$	0.16

The table below ~~shows~~illustrates the outstanding weighted-average share-based payment awards that were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their exercise price exceeded the average market value of the common shares for the period or, under application of the treasury stock method, they were otherwise determined to be ~~antidilutive. The table also shows convertible notes that, if converted, would have been antidilutive.~~antidilutive.

	Three Months Ended

	February 2, 2020		January 27, 2019		Three Months Ended
					January 31, 2021		February 2, 2020
Share-based payment awards		173		1,063		826		173
Convertible notes		-		5,542

Total potentially dilutive shares excluded		173		6,605		826		173

~~Subsequent to February 2, 2020, and through March 9, 2020, we repurchased 0.1 million shares of our common stock. See Note 13 for information on our share repurchase programs.~~

NOTE 1112 - CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME BY COMPONENT

The following tables set forth the changes in our accumulated other comprehensive income by component (net of tax of $0) for the three-month periods ended January 31, 2021 and February 2, ~~2020 and January 27, 2019.~~2020.

	Three Months Ended February 2, 2020									Three Months Ended January 31, 2021
										Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Other			Total
	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments			Other			Total

Balance at November 1, 2019	$	(8,331	)	$	(674	)	$	(9,005	)
Balance at October 31, 2020										$	18,828	$	(870	)	$	17,958
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(1,564	)		17			(1,547	)		18,289		(1	)		18,288
Less: other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		1,181			9			1,190			4,217		0			4,217

Balance at February 2, 2020	$	(11,076	)	$	(666	)	$	(11,742	)
Balance at January 31, 2021										$	32,900	$	(871	)	$	32,029

Three Months Ended January 27, 2019

Foreign Currency
Translation
Adjustments
Other Total

Balance at November 1, 2018 $ (4,328 ) $ (638 ) $ (4,966 )
Other comprehensive income 6,572 19 6,591
Less: other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests 1,273 9 1,282

Balance at January 27, 2019 $ 971 $ (628 ) $ 343

	Three Months Ended February 2, 2020
	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments			Other			Total
Balance at October 31, 2019	$	(8,331	)	$	(674	)	$	(9,005	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(1,564	)		17			(1,547	)
Less: other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		1,181			9			1,190

Balance at February 2, 2020	$	(11,076	)	$	(666	)	$	(11,742	)

NOTE 1213 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The accounting framework for determining fair value includes a hierarchy for ranking the quality and reliability of the information used to measure fair value, which enables the reader of the financial statements to assess the inputs used to develop those measurements. The fair value hierarchy consists of three tiers as follows: Level 1, defined as quoted market prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical securities; Level 2, defined as inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

The fair values of our cash and cash equivalents (Level 1 measurements), accounts receivable, accounts payable, and certain other current assets and current liabilities (Level 2 measurements) approximate their carrying values due to their short-term maturities. The fair values of our variable rate debt instruments are a Level 2 measurement and ~~approximates~~approximate their carrying values due to the variable nature of the underlying interest rates. We did 0t have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value, on a recurring or a nonrecurring basis, at ~~February 2, 2020~~January 31, 2021 or October 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

NOTE ~~13 –~~14 - SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAMS

In September 2020, the Company’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $100 million of its common stock, pursuant to a repurchase plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Act of 1933 (as amended) (the “Securities Act”). The company commenced repurchasing shares under this authorization on September 16, 2020. All of the 1.7 million shares repurchased under this authorization prior to November 1, 2020, were retired in fiscal 2020; the table below presents information on this repurchase program.

	Three Months Ended January 31, 2021		From Inception Date of September 16, 2020
Number of shares repurchased		1,222		2,952

Cost of shares repurchased	$	13,209	$	30,709

Average price paid per share	$	10.81	$	10.40

In August 2019, the Company’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $~~100~~$100 million of its common stock, pursuant to ~~a repurchase plan under Rule 10b5-1of the Securities Act of 1933 (as amended). All of the~~ ~~0.9~~ ~~million shares repurchased under this program prior to the three-month period ended February 2, 2020 were retired in fiscal 2019. The table below presents information on this repurchase program.~~

Three Months Ended
February 2, 2020

From Inception Date of
September 25, 2019

Number of shares repurchased 916 1,911

Cost of shares repurchased $ 11,000 $ 22,000

Average price paid per share $ 12.01 $ 11.51

In ~~October 2018, the Company’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $25 million of its common stock, to have been executed in open-market transactions or in accordance with~~ a repurchase plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities ~~Act of 1933 (as amended). The share~~Act. This repurchase program ~~commenced on October 22, 2018, and~~ was terminated ~~on February 1, 2019.~~in March of 2020. All of the shares repurchased under this program ~~were retired in fiscal 2019.~~have been retired. The table below presents information on this repurchase program.

	Three Months Ended January 27, 2019		From Inception Date of October 22, 2018
					Three Months Ended February 2, 2020		From Inception Date of September 25, 2019
Number of shares repurchased		1,137		1,467		916		1,911

Cost of shares repurchased	$	10,694	$	13,807	$	11,000	$	22,000

Average price paid per share	$	9.40	$	9.41	$	12.01	$	11.51

NOTE 1415 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

As of ~~February 2, 2020,~~January 31, 2021, the Company had commitments outstanding for capital expenditures of approximately ~~$113.6~~$68.9 million, primarily for ~~the purchase~~purchases of high-end IC equipment. ~~See Note 7~~

The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary in South Korea has been involved in litigation regarding a 2016 informational tax filing for ~~information~~its non-South Korean bank accounts that was not timely made under a then recently issued presidential decree. A fine (based solely on the amount in such accounts) in the amount of $2.2 million was assessed against our subsidiary. Our subsidiary appealed the fine on the grounds that it was not required to make the tax filing, and such appeal was pursued up to the Supreme Court in South Korea. Under South Korean law, the tax authorities were entitled to pursue the matter in both civil and criminal courts simultaneously, with the proviso that any criminal fine imposed would act to dismiss any civil fine. The prosecutor recommended a fine of $0.03 million. The civil matter has subsequently been dismissed. Photronics was notified on March 12, 2020, that the Supreme Court rendered a decision against our subsidiary on the issue of whether our subsidiary was required to make the tax filing and remanded the case to the appellate court for determination of the fine. We are awaiting a trial date from the appellate court. Prior to the Supreme Court decision, our assessment was that the possibility of a fine was deemed remote, based on advice of local counsel and the subsequent judgments in the lower courts having been in our favor. Our estimate of the possible range of loss is $0.03 million to $2.2 million with the most likely amount being $0.03 million (based on the prosecutor’s recommendation). Accordingly, during the three-month period ended May 3, 2020, we accrued a contingent loss of $0.03 million. It is reasonably possible that the estimated loss will change in the near term. Our maximum exposure to loss in excess of amounts accrued is $2.17 million. The imposition of the fine will not have a material impact on our ~~operating lease commitments.~~

financial position or financial performance.

We are subject to various other claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. We believe that our potential liability under such claims, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 1516 - RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Accounting Standards Updates ~~Adopted~~

We adopted ASU 2016-02 and all subsequent amendments, collectively codified in ASC Topic 842 “Leases” (“Topic 842”), on November 1, 2019. The guidance requires modified retrospective adoption, either at the beginning of the earliest period presented or at the beginning of the period of adoption. We elected to apply the guidance at the beginning of the period of adoption and recorded, as of November 1, 2019, right-of-use (ROU) leased assets of $6.5 million. In conjunction with this, we recorded lease liabilities, which had been discounted at our incremental borrowing rates, of $6.5 million. Our adoption of Topic 842 did not affect our cash flows or our ability to comply with covenants under our credit agreement. Please see Note 7 for our leases disclosure.

~~Accounting Standards Updates to be~~ Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses”, the main objective of which is to provide more useful information about expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments of an entity to extend credit. In support of this objective, the ASU replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology, found in current GAAP, with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. This ASU requires a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. ASU 2016-13 iswas effective for Photronics ~~Inc.~~ in its first quarter of fiscal year ~~2021, with early~~2021. We adopted ASU 2016-13 on November 1, 2020; the effect of the adoption ~~permitted beginning~~was immaterial.

Accounting Standards Updates to be Adopted

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting”, which provides optional expedients and exceptions to applying the guidance on contract modifications, hedge accounting, and other transactions, to simplify the accounting for transitioning from the London Interbank Offered Rate, and other interbank offered rates expected to be discontinued, to alternative reference rates. The guidance in ~~the first quarter of fiscal year 2019.~~this Update was effective upon its issuance; if elected, it is to be applied prospectively through December 31, 2022. We are currently evaluating the effect ~~that~~the potential adoption of this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Item 2.

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

In December 2020, we entered into a five-year $35.6 million finance lease for a high-end lithography tool. Monthly payments on the lease, which commenced in January 2021, increase from $0.04 million after the first three months to $0.6 million for the following nine months, followed by forty-eight monthly payments of $0.5 million. As of the due date for the forty-eighth monthly payment, we may exercise an early buy-out option to purchase the tool at 39.84% of its original cost. If we do not exercise the early buy-out option, then at the end of the five-year lease term, at our option, we may return the tool, elect to extend the lease term for a period and a lease payment to be agreed with lessor at the time, or purchase the tool for its then-fair market value as determined by the lessor. Since we are reasonably certain that we will exercise the early buy-out option, we have classified the lease as a finance lease. The interest rate of the lease, which is the rate implicit in the lease, is 1.14%.

In February 2021, we entered into a five-year $7.2 million finance lease for a high-end inspection tool. Monthly payments on the lease, which commenced in February 2021, are $0.1 million per month. Upon the payment of the fiftieth monthly payment and prior to payment of the fifty-first monthly payment, we may exercise an early buy-out option to purchase the tool at 33.684638% of its original cost. If we do not exercise the early buy-out option, then at the end of the five-year lease term, the lease shall continue to renew on a month-to-month basis at the same rental; at our option, after the original term or any renewal periods, we may return the tool, elect to extend the lease, or purchase the tool at its fair market value. Since we are reasonably certain that we will exercise the early buy-out option, we have classified the lease as a finance lease. The interest rate of the lease, which is the rate implicit in the lease, is 1.09%.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we were approved to borrow 200 million Chinese renminbi (RMB) (approximately $30.9 million, at the balance sheet date) from the China Construction Bank Corporation. We received initial proceeds of 41 million RMB (approximately $6.3 million, at the balance sheet date) against this approval in November 2020. Please see Note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on this loan.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $100 million of its common stock, pursuant to a repurchase plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Act of 1933 (as amended) (“the Securities Act”). See Note 14 of the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on this repurchase program.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, PDMC, the Company’s majority-owned IC subsidiary in Taiwan, paid a dividend of which 49.99%, or approximately $16.2 million, was paid to noncontrolling interests.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we acquired the remaining 0.2% of noncontrolling interests in Photronics Cheonan, Ltd. (formerly PK, Ltd.), our South Korean subsidiary, for $0.6 million.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we adopted ASU 2016-02 and all subsequent amendments, collectively codified in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842 - “Leases” (“Topic 842”). This guidance requires modified retrospective adoption, either at the beginning of the earliest period presented or at the beginning of the period of adoption; we elected to apply the guidance at the beginning of the period of adoption, and recognized right-of-use leased assets of $6.5 million and corresponding lease liabilities which were discounted at our incremental borrowing rates, on our November 1, 2019 condensed consolidated balance sheet to reflect our adoption of the guidance. Our adoption of Topic 842 did not affect our cash flows or our ability to comply with covenants under our credit agreements.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, our board of directors declared a dividend of one preferred stock purchase right (a “Right”), payable on or about October 1, 2019, for each share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company outstanding on September 30, 2019, to the stockholders of record on that date. In connection with the distribution of the Rights, we entered into a Section 382 Rights Agreement (the “Rights Agreement”), dated as of September 23, 2019, between the Company and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., a federally chartered trust company, as rights agent. The purpose of the Rights Agreement is to deter trading of our common stock that would result in a change in control (as defined in Internal Revenue Code Section 382), thereby preserving our future ability to use our historical federal net operating losses and other Tax Attributes (as defined in the Rights Agreement). Each Right entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a share of Series A Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, at a price of $33.63, subject to adjustment. The Rights, which are described in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 24, 2019, are in all respects subject to and governed by the provisions of the Rights Agreement. The Rights will expire at the earliest to occur of (i) the close of business on the day following the certification of the voting results of the Company’s 2020 annual meeting of stockholders, if at that meeting, or any other meeting of stockholders of the Company duly held prior to September 22, 2020, a proposal to approve this Rights Agreement is not passed by the affirmative vote of the majority of the voting interests; (ii) the date on which our board of directors determines, in its sole discretion, that the Rights Agreement is no longer necessary for the preservation of material valuable tax attributes, or the tax attributes have been fully utilized and may no longer be carried forward ~~and (iii)~~or (ii) the close of business on September 22, 2022.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, PDMC, the Company’s majority-owned IC subsidiary in Taiwan, paid a dividend of which 49.99%, or approximately $18.9 million, was paid to noncontrolling interests.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, upon our request, a financing entity made an advance payment of $3.5 million to an equipment vendor. We entered into a Master Lease Agreement (“MLA”) with this financing entity, which became effective in July 2019. The MLA enables us to request advance payments or other funds to finance equipment to be leased or purchased in the U.S. In connection with this MLA, we have been approved for financing of $35 million for the purchase of a high-end lithography tool. ~~Interest on this borrowing is payable monthly at thirty-day LIBOR plus 1% (2.67% at February 2, 2020), and will continue to accrue until the borrowing is repaid or, as allowed under the MLA,~~As discussed above, we ~~enter into a lease for the equipment. We intend to enter~~entered into a lease agreement for the related equipment in the first quarter of fiscal ~~year 2020.~~2021.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, the Company’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $100 million of its common stock, pursuant to a repurchase plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities ~~Act of 1933 (as amended). As of February 2, 2020, we had~~Act. We repurchased ~~1.9~~2.5 million shares, at a cost of ~~$22.0~~$27.9 million (an average price of ~~$11.51~~$11.34 per share), under this authorization. ~~The~~All shares repurchased during fiscal 2019 (0.9 million) were retired in fiscal 2019; the repurchase program ~~may be suspended or discontinued at any time.~~

~~In the second quarter of fiscal 2019, we repaid, upon maturity, the entire $57.5 million principal amount of the convertible senior notes we issued in April 2016.~~

~~In the first quarter of fiscal 2019, PDMC paid a dividend, of which 49.99%, or approximately $26.1 million, was paid to noncontrolling interests.~~

In the first quarter of fiscal 2019, PDMCX was approved for credit of $50 million, subject to certain limitations related to PDMCX registered capital at the time of the initial approval, pursuant to which PDMCX has and will enter into separate loan agreements (“the Project Loans”) for intermittent borrowings. The Project Loans, which are denominated in Chinese renminbi (RMB), are being used to finance certain capital expenditures in China. PDMCX granted liens on its land, building, and certain equipment as collateral for the Project Loans. As of February 2, 2020, PDMCX had borrowed 243.4 million RMB ($35.1 million) against this approval. Payments on these borrowings are due semi-annually through December 2025; the initial payment is scheduled for June 2020. See Note 5 of the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on these loans.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2019, PDMCX received approval for unsecured credit of $25.0 million, pursuant to which PDMCX may enter into separate loan agreements. Under this credit agreement (the “Working Capital Loans”), PDMCX can borrow up to 140.0 million RMB to pay value-added taxes (“VAT”) and up to 60.0 million RMB to fund operations; combined total borrowings are limited to $25.0 million. As of February 2, 2020, PDMCX had outstanding 44.8 million RMB ($6.5 million) to fund operations, with repayments due one year from the borrowing dates of the separate loan agreements. As of February 2, 2020, PDMCX had outstanding 64.6 million RMB ($9.3 million) borrowed to pay VAT. Payments on these borrowings are due semiannually, at an increasing rate, through January 2022. See Note 5 of the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on these loans.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, we entered into a five-year amended and restated credit agreement (“the credit agreement”), which has a $50 million borrowing limit, with an expansion capacity to $100 million. The credit agreement is secured by substantially all of our assets located in the United States and common stock we own in certain foreign subsidiaries. The credit agreement includes minimum interest coverage ratio, total leverage ratio, and minimum unrestricted cash balance covenants (all of which we were in compliance with at February 2, 2020), and limits the amount of dividends, distributions, and redemptions we can pay on our stock to an aggregate amount of $50 million. We had no outstanding borrowings against the credit agreement at February 2, 2020, and $50 million was available for borrowing. The interest rate on the credit agreement (2.65% at February 2, 2020) is based on our total leverage ratio at LIBOR plus a spread, as defined in the credit agreement.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $25 million of its common stock, to have been executed in open-market transactions or in accordance with a repurchase plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Act of 1933 (as amended). The share repurchase program commenced, under Rule 10b5-1, on October 22, 2018, and was terminated on ~~February 1, 2019. In total, we repurchased 1.5 million shares at a cost of $13.8 million (an average of $9.41 per share) under this authorization.~~March 20, 2020.

Results of Operations

~~Three Months~~Three-Months ended ~~February 2, 2020~~January 31, 2021

The following table presents selected operating information expressed as a ~~percent~~percentage of revenue. The columns may not foot due to rounding.

Note: All the following tabular comparisons, unless otherwise indicated, are for the three-months ended January 31, 2021 (Q1 FY21), October 31, 2020 (Q4 FY20), and February 2, 2020 (Q1 FY20)~~, October 31, 2019 (Q4 FY19), and January 27, 2019 (Q1 FY19)~~.

Our quarterly revenues can be affected by the seasonal purchasing ~~tendencies~~practices of our customers. As a result, demand for our products is typically ~~negatively impacted~~reduced during the first, and sometimes the second, quarters of our fiscal year, by the North American, European, and Asian holiday periods, as some of our customers reduce their development and, consequently, their buying activities during those periods.

In Q1 FY20, we changed the threshold for the definition of high-end FPD, from G8 and above and active matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display screens, to G10.5 and above, AMOLED, and low-temperature polysilicon display screens (LTPS), to reflect the overall advancement of technology in the FPD industry. Our definition of high-end IC products remains as 28 nanometer or smaller. Quarterly changes in revenue by product type for the three-month periods ended October 31, 2019 and January 27, 2019, have been modified to reflect this change. High-end photomasks typically have higher selling prices (ASPs) than mainstream products.

The following tables present changes in disaggregated revenue in Q1 ~~FY20~~FY21 from revenue in prior reporting periods. Columns may not total due to rounding.

Quarterly Changes in Revenue by Product Type

* High-end photomasks typically have higher average selling prices (ASPs) than mainstream products.

Quarterly Changes in Revenue by Geographic Origin

Revenue increased ~~2.2%~~1.9% in Q1 ~~FY20,~~FY21, compared with Q4 ~~FY19,~~FY20, as FPD demand rose 8.6%, primarily due to increased ~~high-end FPD;~~demand for AMOLED masks for new mobile displays. The increased demand was primarily the ~~increase~~result of alternative phone manufacturers filling the void that resulted from the U.S. Department of Commerce adding non-U.S. affiliates of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. to the prohibited entity list. The growth in ~~high-end FPD~~AMOLED demand was ~~largely~~somewhat offset by ~~mainstream FPD~~weaker demand for LCD masks, including G10.5+, as panel producers delayed releasing new designs, and ~~both~~focused on meeting favorable market trends with current products. IC revenue fell just under 1% from last quarter, as a result of decreased demand for high-end logic masks; this decline was somewhat mitigated by increased demand for high-end memory and mainstream ~~IC. High-end FPD increased 56.4%~~masks. In addition, the productivity loss of a high-end lithography tool contributed to the decrease in IC revenue, as the tool repair was delayed as a result of vendor imposed travel restrictions.

Revenue decreased 4.8% in Q1 FY21, compared with Q1 FY20; IC demand ~~grew for AMOLED and LTPS mobile displays, as well as G10.5+ for large-format televisions. Mainstream FPD decreased 29.0%~~declined 1.9%, due to ~~a decline~~weakened demand for high-end logic photomasks, while FPD demand fell 10.7%, primarily due to lower demand for G10.5+ displays, partially offset by an increase in demand for ~~G8.5 and smaller masks used for LCD displays. High-end and mainstream IC photomasks decreased 8.7%, and 2.4%, respectively as demand~~ ~~was softer, in line with seasonal trends.~~

Revenue increased 28.1% in Q1 FY20, compared with Q1FY19, primarily due to increased high-end FPD and increased high-end and mainstream IC, partially offset by decreased mainstream FPD. High-end FPD increased 159.1% as the current quarter reflects revenues from our fully ramped FPD facility in China, and an overall increased demand for AMOLED, LTPS, and G10.5+ photomasks. High-end IC increased due to stronger end-market demand. Mainstream IC increased due to stronger demand in the current quarter, a portion of which was met by our new IC facility in China. Mainstream FPD revenues decreased due to a decline in demand for G8.5 and below photomasks

We have implemented policies to keep our employees safe while complying with all governmental regulations. We are actively working with our suppliers to minimize any impact to our operations. While we have limited visibility of the impact the virus is having on our customers’ operations, we have seen some design releases delayed in both our Asia IC and FPD businesses, and we believe our second quarter results may reflect the effect of these delays.

~~Index~~

mobile display masks.

Gross margin decreased by 1.3 percentage points in Q1 ~~FY20~~FY21, from Q4 ~~FY19~~FY20, primarily due to unfavorable product mix; as a result, material costs increased 1.3% as a percentage of revenue, with increases experienced in all regions, excepting the U.S. Labor costs also increased as a percentage of revenue, though at a more modest 0.8 percentage points, with the largest increases experienced in the U.S. and at our two Asia based joint ventures. These increases were partially mitigated by the 1.9% increase in revenue, and a 0.8 percentage point decrease in overhead costs, as a percentage of revenue.

Gross margin decreased by 1.6 percentage points in Q1 FY21, from Q1 FY20, primarily as a result of the 4.8% decrease in revenue in the current year quarter. Materials and labor costs both increased as a ~~5.1% increase in material costs, which were caused by higher glass blank~~percent of revenue, rising 0.6 and ~~pellicle costs, and an 11.8% increase in compensation and related expenses. Gross margin increased in Q1 FY20, compared with Q1 FY19, primarily due~~1.3 percentage points, respectively, thus contributing to the ~~28% increase in~~decreased gross margin. Overhead costs were down 0.3 percentage points to revenue from the prior ~~year. As we operate in a high fixed cost environment, increases or decreases in our revenues and capacity utilization will generally positively or negatively impact our gross margin.~~year quarter.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses ~~increased by $2.1~~were $14.1 million ~~or 17.1%, to~~in Q1 FY21, compared with $12.8 million in Q4 FY20, and $14.2 million in Q1 FY20. The increase from Q4 FY20 ~~from $12.1 million in Q4 FY19,~~was primarily ~~due to increased compensation and related expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased in Q1 FY20 by $0.4 million, or 3.1%, from $13.8 million in Q1 FY19, primarily as a~~the result of increased compensation and related ~~benefits, primarily resulting~~expenses of $0.7 million; the balance of the net increase was spread across sundry expense categories. The decrease from ~~increased share-based compensation expense.~~the prior year quarter was the result of decreased travel expenses of $0.3 million, which were partially offset by increases in sundry expense categories, none of which were individually significant.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist of development efforts related to high-end process technologies for ~~28nm and smaller IC nodes. In Asia, in addition to the focus on~~ high-end IC ~~technology nodes,~~and FPD applications, ~~are also under development for G10.5~~ and ~~above, AMOLED, and LTPS FPD.~~

~~Research and development expense decreased $0.4~~were $4.7 million toin Q1 FY21, compared with $4.1 million ~~or 10.2%,~~ in both Q4 FY20 and Q1 ~~FY20~~FY20. The increase in the current quarter from ~~Q4 FY19,~~both comparative quarters was primarily ~~as a~~the result of ~~decreased IC~~increased development activities in ~~Taiwan and China. Research and development expense decreased $ 0.2 million, or 4.3% in Q1 FY20 from Q1 FY19, due to decreased spending in~~ the U.S. ~~exceeding increased combined expenditures at the two China-based facilities.~~

Other Income (Expense)

~~Interest income and other~~The favorable change in Other income (expense), net ~~increased~~of $3.6 million, from a net expense of $2.9 million in Q4 FY20, to net income of $0.7 million in Q1 FY21, was primarily due to $3.8 million less unfavorable foreign currency exchange losses of the South Korean won against the U.S. dollar. The decrease in Other income (expense), net of $3.0 million, from net income of 3.7 million in Q1 FY20 to $0.7 million in Q1 FY21, was primarily attributable to the effect of our recognizing $2.1 million of net foreign currency exchange gains of the South Korean won against the U.S. dollar, in Q1 FY20, compared with our recognizing $2.1 million of net foreign currency exchange losses between those same currencies in Q1 FY21. The $4.2 million net unfavorable results of the South Korean won against the U.S. dollar were partially offset by ~~$11.4~~a favorable net change in results between the RMB and the U.S. dollar, which increased by $2.5 million from ~~Q4 FY19,~~$2.5 million in Q1 FY20 to $5.0 million in Q1 FY21. Year-over-year interest expense decreased by $1 million, from $1.8 million in Q1 FY20 to $0.8 million in Q1 FY21, primarily as a result of ~~foreign currency gains~~interest we recorded on our loans in China. The majority of ~~$4.7 million experienced in Q1 FY20, in contrast to losses of $6.2 million recognized in Q4 FY19.~~

~~Interest income and other income (expense), net increased in Q1 FY20 by $3.9 million from Q1 FY19, primarily due to $3.6 million greater foreign currency gains experienced in~~ the ~~current quarter than in the prior year quarter.~~

~~Index~~

interest on our China-based debt is eligible for reimbursements through subsidies, which we recognize upon receipt.

Income Tax Provision

The effective income tax rate is sensitive to the jurisdictional mix of earnings, due, in part, to the non-recognition of tax benefits on losses in jurisdictions with valuation ~~allowances.~~ allowances, where the tax benefit of the losses is not available.

The effective income tax rate ~~increase~~decrease in Q1 ~~FY20,~~FY21, compared with Q4 ~~FY19,~~FY20, is primarily ~~attributable~~due to ~~the non-recognition of~~an increase in credits in a non-US jurisdiction in Q1 FY21.

The effective income tax ~~benefits on losses~~rate decrease in ~~jurisdictions~~Q1 FY21, compared with ~~valuation allowances,~~Q1 FY20, is primarily due to an increase in credits in a non-US jurisdiction in Q1 FY21, and the establishment of a valuation allowance for a non-U.S. based loss carryforward ~~the expiration of a tax holiday~~ in Q1 FY20, and a net decrease in tax accruals no longer required as a result of the settlement of a non-U.S. income tax audit and statute of limitations expiration in Q4 FY19. The effective income tax rate increase in Q1 FY20, compared with Q1 FY19, is primarily attributable to the aforementioned factors that occurred in Q1 FY20, and the benefit of an alternative minimum tax credit in Q1 FY19.FY20.

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests was ~~$0.6~~$1.5 million in Q1 FY21, as compared with $2.1 million in Q4 FY20, ~~which represented a decrease~~and was primarily the result of ~~$2.7 million and $1.9 million from Q4 FY19 and Q1 FY19, respectively. The change from Q4 FY19 was due to~~ decreased net income at our Taiwan-based IC ~~facility and an~~facility. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests increased ~~loss at our China-based IC facility; we hold 50.01% ownership interests~~$0.8 million in ~~each of these facilities. The change~~Q1 FY21 from $0.6 million in Q1 ~~FY19 resulted from an increased~~FY20; the net increase was attributable to a decreased loss at our China-based IC facility, which was partially offset by ~~increased net~~decreased income at our Taiwan-based IC facility.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We had cash and cash equivalents of ~~$218.3~~$278.5 million at the end of Q1 ~~FY20,~~FY21, compared with ~~$206.5~~$278.7 million at the end of fiscal ~~2019.~~2020. The net ~~increase~~decrease of $0.1 million is primarily attributable to:

~~- $30.8 million provided by operating activities;~~

~~- $2.9 million received from exercises of employee stock options;~~

~~- $2.4 million received from government incentives in China;~~

~~- $1.1 million received from borrowings in China;~~

~~- $13.8 million paid for property, plant, and equipment;~~

~~- $11.0 million used to repurchase our common stock.~~

Our working capital at the end of Q1 ~~FY20~~FY21 was ~~$283.3~~$360.6 million, compared with ~~$275.6~~$357.2 million at the end of fiscal ~~2019.~~2020. The ~~$7.7~~$3.4 million net increase is primarily attributable to the ~~below~~following increases (decreases) in working capital:

~~- Increased cash and cash equivalents of $11.8 million;~~

~~- Increased accounts receivable of $7.3 million, the predominance of which were in China reflecting their increased revenue in Q1 FY20;~~

~~- Decreased receivables for investment subsidies in China of $(3.2);~~

~~- Increased current portion of long-term debt of $(5.8) million;~~

~~- Decreased accounts payable of $6.7 million, $4.9 million of which was the result of a reduction in payables for capital assets;~~

~~- Increased value added taxes payable of $(3.1) million;~~

~~- Increased income taxes payable of $(2.7) million;~~

~~- Increased lease liabilities of $(1.7) million, which resulted from our adoption of ASC 842 in Q1 FY20.~~

The net cash provided by operating activities of ~~$30.8~~$26.3 million in Q1 ~~FY20~~FY21 was a ~~$50.1~~$4.5 million ~~increase~~decrease from ~~$19.3~~$30.8 million ~~used~~provided in Q1 ~~FY19.~~FY20. The net ~~increase~~decrease was due primarily ~~to:~~to the following:

~~- Increased net income of $3.2 million in Q1 FY20;~~

~~- Increased non-cash add backs to net income, including depreciation, share-based compensation and deferred income taxes of $10.8 million;~~

~~- A comparative decrease in government subsidies receivable in China of $15.2 million;~~

~~- A comparative decrease in value added tax prepayments related to our China facilities of $19.9 million in Q1 FY20. These~~

~~prepayments are recoverable through future sales transactions of the facilities.~~

Net cash used in investing activities was ~~$11.5~~$17.2 million in Q1 ~~FY20, a decrease~~FY21, an increase of ~~$90.3~~$5.7 million from the ~~$101.9~~$11.5 million used in Q1 ~~FY19.~~FY20. The net ~~decrease~~increase was primarily attributable to ~~decreased~~increased capital expenditures of ~~$93.1 million; this was the result~~$3.7 million, and decreased government incentives received of ~~a reduction in payments to equip our China-based facilities, which were in the start-up phase in Q1 FY19.~~

Net cash flows ~~from~~used in financing activities ~~decreased~~increased from funds ~~provided~~used of ~~$21.4~~$7.6 million in Q1 ~~FY19~~FY20 to ~~$7.6~~$14.4 million used in Q1 ~~FY20.~~FY21. Significant components of the ~~$29.0~~$6.7 million net ~~decrease~~increase were:

~~- $26.1 million used to pay dividends to DNP (related to their 49.99% interest in our IC facility in Taiwan) in Q1 FY19;~~

~~- $(27.0) million less received from borrowings in China in Q1 FY20 than in the prior year quarter;~~

~~- $(29.4) million contributed in Q1 FY19 by DNP to maintain their proportionate ownership interest in our IC joint venture in China.~~

As of ~~February 2, 2020~~January 31, 2021 and October 31, ~~2019,~~2020, our total cash and cash equivalents included ~~$163.2~~$197.8 million and ~~$147.2~~$218.0 million, respectively, held by our foreign subsidiaries. The majority of earnings of our foreign subsidiaries are considered to be indefinitely reinvested. Repatriation of these funds to the U.S. may subject them to U.S. state income taxes and local country withholding taxes in certain jurisdictions. Furthermore, our foreign subsidiaries continue to grow through the reinvestment of earnings in additional manufacturing capacity and capability, particularly in the high-end IC and FPD areas.

~~Our liquidity, as~~Since we operate in a high fixed cost environment, our liquidity is highly dependent on our revenue, cash conversion cycle, and the timing of our capital expenditures (which can vary significantly from period to period). ~~Depending~~We believe that our cash on hand, cash generated from operations, and amounts available to borrow will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements for the next twelve months. However, depending on conditions in the semiconductor and ~~FPD~~display markets, our cash flows from operations and current holdings of cash may not be adequate to meet our current and long-term needs for capital expenditures, operations and debt repayments. Historically, in certain years, we have used external financing to fund these needs. Due to conditions in the credit markets and covenant restrictions on our existing debt, some financing instruments we have used in the past may not be available to us when required. Consequently, we cannot assure that additional sources of financing would be available to us on commercially favorable terms, should our long-term cash requirements exceed our existing cash and cash available under our corporate credit ~~facility.~~agreement (which is discussed in Note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). Please also refer to Financing Related Risk Factors in our fiscal 2020 annual report on Form 10-K.

As of ~~February 2, 2020,~~January 31, 2021, we had outstanding capital commitments of approximately ~~$113.6~~$69 million. We intend to finance our capital expenditures with our working capital, contributions from our joint venture partners, ~~borrowings under the Master Lease Agreement we entered into in fiscal 2019 (as discussed in Note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements),~~ cash generated from operations and, if necessary, additional borrowings. Our remaining funding commitment for our IC facility in China, which commenced production in the third quarter of fiscal 2019, was approximately $7 million as of February 2, 2020; we will fulfill this commitment over the next several quarters.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In January 2018, Photronics, through its wholly owned Singapore subsidiary, and DNP, through its wholly owned subsidiary “DNP Asia Pacific PTE, Ltd.” entered into a joint venture under which DNP obtained a 49.99% interest in our IC business in Xiamen, China. The joint venture, known as “Xiamen American Japan Photronics Mask Co., Ltd.” (“PDMCX”), was established to develop and manufacture photomasks for leading edge and advanced generation semiconductors. Under the joint venture’s operating agreement, DNP is afforded, under certain circumstances, the right to put its interest in PDMCX to Photronics. These circumstances include disputes regarding the strategic direction of PDMCX that may arise after the initial two-year term of the Agreement that cannot be resolved between the two parties. As of the date of issuance of this report, DNP had not indicated its intention to exercise this right. In addition, both Photronics and DNP have the option to purchase, or put, their interest from, or to, the other party, should their ownership interest fall below 20% for a period of more than six consecutive months. Under all such circumstances, the sales of ownership interests would be at the exiting party’s ownership percentage of the joint venture’s net book value, with closing to take place within three business days of obtaining required approvals and clearance. Should DNP exercise an option to put their, or purchase our, interest in PDMCX we may, depending on the relationship of the fair and book value of PDMCX’s net assets, incur a loss. As of ~~February 2, 2020,~~January 31, 2021, Photronics and DNP each had net investments in PDMCX of ~~$36.6~~$56.8 million.

AWhile we, as always, caution that our outlook, due to our short backlog (which typically does not exceed two weeks) is limited, we reaffirm our Q4 FY20 expectation for revenue to increase, as a percentage of FY20 revenue, in the high single digits. We also continue to anticipate that operating profit will grow at a rate similar to the 23% increase we experienced in FY20. The bases of our expectations include growth for both IC and FPD in FY2021. IC growth drivers include added capacity across our global operations including the completion of Phase 1 of our China IC facility ramp (which we expect to begin generating revenue in Q2 FY21, and to ramp up over the succeeding quarters), growing demand for semiconductor masks in China, a recovery in high-end IC logic, continued strength in mainstream IC, and increased demand in the IC memory space. For FPD, we expect the increased demand for AMOLED displays to continue throughout the year; this, along with the expected transition from LCD to OLED displays, or alternative advanced screen technologies, for ultra-large screen TVs will result in increased demand for more critical layer photomasks, consequently increasing our FPD revenue. To support this foreseen increase in demand for high-end display masks, we have invested in three additional FPD write tools. We are also encouraged by the widening availability of recently developed coronavirus vaccines, as we think this supports a reasonable expectation that supply chain disruptions and travel restrictions will continue to be eased over the next several quarters, concomitantly reducing the impediments to growth they represented in FY20.

The impact, if any, on our business of changing geopolitical conditions, such as U.S.-China trade relations, tensions between the Republic of South Korea and Japan, and the effects of the United Kingdom exiting the European Union cannot be predicted. However, we believe the recent change in leadership in the U.S. may lead to an improvement in its trade relationship with China, including the possible removal of sanctions on some Chinese enterprises, as well as a reduction in the likelihood of the impositions of additional sanctions.

We believe that a majority of the growth in the IC and FPD markets ~~is expected to continue to~~will come from the Asia region, predominantly in China. We expect to meet these demands both through the utilization of our ~~new~~ facilities in China and by importing photomasks into China from our other facilities. We make continual assessments of our global manufacturing strategy and monitor our revenue and related cash flows from operations. These ongoing assessments could result in future facility closures, asset redeployments, ~~additional~~ impairments of intangible or long-lived assets, workforce reductions, or the addition of manufacturing facilities, all of which would be based on market conditions and customer requirements.

Our future results of operations and the other forward-looking statements contained in this filing involve a number of risks and uncertainties, some of which are discussed in Part1, Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2019; a number of other unforeseen factors could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations.

Effect of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See “Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements– Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – Note 1516 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements” for recent accounting pronouncements that may affect the Company’s financial reporting.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We conduct business in several major international currencies throughout our worldwide operations, and our financial performance may be affected by fluctuations in the exchange rates of these currencies. Changes in exchange rates can positively or negatively affect our reported revenue, operating income, assets, liabilities, and equity. The functional currencies of our Asian subsidiaries are the South Korean won, the New Taiwan dollar, the Chinese renminbi, and the Singapore dollar. The functional currencies of our European subsidiaries are the British pound and the euro. In addition, we engage in transactions in, and have exposures to, the Japanese yen.

We attempt to minimize our risk of foreign currency transaction losses by producing products in the same country in which the products are sold (thereby generating revenues and incurring expenses in the same currency), and by managing our working capital. However, in some instances, we sell products in a currency other than the functional currency of the country where it was produced, or purchase products in a currency that differs from the functional currency of the purchasing entity. In addition, to the extent practicable, we attempt to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange fluctuations by converting cash and cash equivalents into the functional currency of the subsidiary which holds the cash. We may also enter into derivative contracts to mitigate our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations when we have a significant purchase obligation, or a significant receivable denominated in a currency that differs from the functional currency of the transacting subsidiary. We do not enter into derivatives for speculative purposes. There can be no assurance that this approach will protect us from the need to recognize significant foreign currency transaction gains and losses, especially in the event of a significant adverse movement in the value of any foreign currency in which we conduct business against any of our functional currencies, including the U.S. dollar.

Our primary net foreign currency exposures as of ~~February 2, 2020,~~January 31, 2021, included the South Korean won, the Japanese yen, the New Taiwan dollar, the Chinese renminbi, the Singapore dollar, the British pound sterling, and the euro. As of that date, a 10% adverse movement in the value of currencies different than the functional currencies of our subsidiaries would have resulted in a net unrealized pre-tax loss of ~~$33.9~~$32.5 million, which represents an increase of ~~$0.8~~$0.6 million from our ~~exposure~~exposures at October 31, ~~2019. The increase in foreign currency rate change risk is primarily the result of increased~~2020. Our most significant exposures ofat January 31, 2021, related to both the Chinese renminbi ~~against~~and the South Korean won exposures to the U.S. ~~dollar.~~dollar, which were $12.6 million and $11.8 million, respectively, at that date. We do not believe that a 10% change in the exchange rates of non-US dollar currencies, other than the aforementioned currencies and the Japanese Yen, would have had a material effect on our ~~February 2, 2020,~~January 31, 2021, condensed consolidated financial statements.

A 10% adverse movement in the interest rates on our variable rate borrowings would not have had a material effect on our ~~February 2, 2020,~~January 31, 2021 condensed consolidated financial statements.

Item 4.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of January 31, 2021. We have established and currently maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

~~Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation~~ Based on an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of ~~the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation,~~January 31, 2021, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective atdue to a ~~reasonable assurance level~~material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as discussed below.

Based on our prior assessment as of October 31, 2020, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective due to a material weakness relating to the ~~end~~accuracy and completeness of information used in monitoring compliance with covenants stipulated by the ~~period covered by this report.~~Company’s debt agreements. This material weakness has not been remediated as of January 31, 2021.

Notwithstanding this material weakness, our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has concluded that our financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Remediation of Material Weakness

Our management is committed to maintaining a strong internal control environment and implementing measures designed to help ensure that the material weakness is remediated as soon as possible. Management is in the process of designing and implementing a remediation plan to address the material weaknesses referred to above.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

~~There was~~Except for changes made in connection with our implementation of the remediation efforts mentioned above, there have been no ~~change~~other changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the ~~first~~ fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2021, that ~~has~~have materially affected, or isare reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II.

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Please refer to Note 15 within Item 1 of this report for information on legal proceedings involving the Company.

~~Item 1A.~~

~~RISK FACTORS~~

The following risk factors update risk factors from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019. There have been no other material changes to risks relating to our business as disclosed in Part 1, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2019.

~~Our business could be adversely impacted by global or regional catastrophic events.~~

Our business could be adversely affected by terrorist acts, widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases, or the outbreak or escalation of wars, especially in the Asian markets in which we generate a significant portion of our sales and in Japan where we purchase raw materials and capital equipment. Such events in the geographic regions in which we do business, including escalations of political tensions and military operations within the Korean Peninsula, where a significant portion of our foreign operations are located, could have material adverse impacts on our revenue, cost and availability of raw materials, results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.

The eventual impact the coronavirus outbreak will have on our business is uncertain at this time. However, as we now have substantial investments and generate significant revenues in China, and have significant operations in Korea and Taiwan, our business may be adversely affected by the bearing of the epidemic on the general economies of these countries and our customers and suppliers. Our FPD and IC facilities in China are located within two hundred and five hundred miles, respectively, of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, the epicenter of the outbreak. Although all of our manufacturing facilities have remained in operation, we cannot offer assurance that they will not be temporarily idled if: our workforce is directly or indirectly impacted, our means of obtaining supplies are obstructed, or the production or development activities of our customers are impacted by the virus.

~~Index~~

Item 2.

UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

In September 2020, the Company’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $100 million of its common stock, pursuant to a repurchase plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Act of 1933 (as amended) (“the Securities Act”). The share repurchase program commenced on September 14, 2020, and all 1.7 million shares repurchased under this program during fiscal 2020, were retired in October 2020.

	Total Number of Shares Purchased (in millions)		Average Price Paid Per share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program (in millions)		Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased (in millions)

Period
November 1, 2020 – November 29, 2020		0.5	$	10.60		0.5	$	77.2
November 30, 2020 – December 27, 2020		0.5	$	10.95		0.5	$	71.7
December 28, 2020 – January 31, 2021		0.2	$	10.99		0.2	$	69.3
Total		1.2	$	10.81		1.2

In August 2019, the Company’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $100 million of its common stock, pursuant to a repurchase plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Act of 1933 (as amended). The authorization does not obligate us to repurchase any dollar amount or number of shares of common stock, and the repurchases program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. All of the 0.9 million shares repurchased under this program prior to the three-month period ended February 2, 2020 were retired in fiscal 2019.

Total Number of
Shares Purchased
(in millions)

Average Price
Paid
Per share

Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Program (in millions)

Dollar Value of
Shares That May
Yet Be Purchased
(in millions)

Period
September 19, 2019 – October 31, 2019 1.0 $ 11.05 1.0 $ 89.0
November 1, 2019 – December 2, 2019 0.9 $ 12.01 0.9 $ 78.0
Total 1.9 $ 11.51 1.9

In October 2018, the Company’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $25 million of its common stock, to have been executed in open-market transactions or in accordance with a repurchase plan under rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Act of 1933 (as amended). TheAct. This repurchase program was terminated on ~~February 1, 2019, and all of the~~March 20, 2020. All shares repurchased under this program were retired in ~~fiscal 2019.~~the year of their repurchase.

Total Number of
Shares Purchased
(in millions)

Average Price
Paid
Per share

Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Program (in millions)

Dollar Value of
Shares That May
Yet Be Purchased
(in millions)

Period
October 12, 2018 – October 31, 2018 0.3 $ 9.45 0.3 $ 21.9
November 1, 2018 – November 25, 2018 0.2 $ 9.49 0.2 $ 20.1
November 26, 2018 – December 23, 2018 0.7 $ 9.38 0.7 $ 13.4
December 24, 2018 – January 27, 2019 0.2 $ 9.41 0.2 $ 11.2 *
Total 1.4 $ 9.41 1.4

* The share repurchase program was terminated on February 1, 2019, with no additional shares being purchased subsequent to January 27, 2019.

~~Item 5.~~

~~OTHER INFORMATION~~

On March 9, 2020 Photronics Dai Nippon Mask Corporation (“PDMC”) and Frank Lee entered into an Employment Agreement effective as of October 31, 2019. The agreement provides for a salary of $428,926 and is automatically extended for consecutive one-year periods unless PDMC gives at least 30 days’ notice of its intent not to renew. Dr. Lee is entitled to participate in employee benefit plans and arrangements as established by PDMC for similarly situated executives. If the agreement is terminated by PDMC for reasons other than for “cause”, or Dr. Lee resigns for “good reason”, Dr. Lee will receive a payment equal to 100% of his base salary paid out over 12 months. The agreement also provides severance payments equal to 150% of his base salary payable over 18 months in the event of involuntary termination other than for “cause” (including resignation for “good reason”) following a “change in control” and Dr. Lee’s stock options or similar rights will become immediately vested. Dr. Lee has agreed not to engage in any activity that competes with the business of PDMC or its parent entity during the term of his employment agreement and for twelve months after. Dr. Lee is President of PDMC and a Named Executive Officer of Photronics, Inc. The employment agreement is included as Exhibit 10.36 of this report.

On March 9, 2020, the Consulting Agreement (the “Agreement”) between DEMA Associates, LLC and Photronics, Inc. dated January 20, 2018 was amended. The compensation paid under Article 2 of the Agreement was amended to reduce the amount to $9,000 per month or $108,000 per year. Furthermore, Mr. George Macricostas is no longer a member of DEMA Associates, LLC. The revised agreement is attached as Exhibit 10.37 of this report.

	Total Number of Shares Purchased (in millions)		Average Price Paid Per share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program (in millions)		Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased (in millions)

Period
November 1, 2019 – December 2, 2019		0.9	$	12.01		0.9	$	78.0
February 3, 2020 – March 1, 2020		0.1	$	12.37		0.1	$	77.0
March 2, 2020 – March 29, 2020		0.5	$	10.48		0.5	$	0.0
Total		1.5	$	11.54		1.5

~~Index~~Table of Contents

Item 6.

EXHIBITS

			Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number		Description	Form	File Number		Exhibit	Filing Date	Filed or Furnished Herewith

10.40		Master Lease Agreement between Banc of America Leasing & Capital, LLC and Photronics, Inc. dated July 25, 2019, and Schedule 1 thereto, dated February 8, 2021						X

31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.						X

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.						X

32.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.						X

32.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.						X

~~10.36~~ 101.INS	~~Employment Agreement dated March 9, 2020, between~~ ~~Photronics Dai Nippon Mask Corporation~~ ~~and Frank Lee.~~	XBRL Instance Document						X

~~10.37~~ 101.SCH	~~Amendment dated March 9, 2020, between DEMA Associates, LLC and Photronics, Inc.~~	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document						X

~~101.INS~~101.CAL		XBRL ~~Instance~~Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document						X

~~101.SCH~~101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension ~~Schema~~Definition Linkbase Document						X

~~101.CAL~~101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension ~~Calculation~~Label Linkbase Document						X

~~101.DEF~~	~~XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document~~				X

~~101.LAB~~	~~XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document~~				X

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document						X

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	Photronics, Inc.
	(Registrant)

By:	/s/ JOHN P. JORDAN	By:	/s/ ERIC RIVERA
	JOHN P. JORDAN		ERIC RIVERA
	~~Senior~~Executive Vice President,		Vice President, ~~Corporate Controller~~
	Chief Financial Officer		~~(Principal Accounting Officer)~~Corporate Controller
	(Principal Financial Officer)		(Principal Accounting Officer)

Date: March ~~11, 2020~~10, 2021		Date: March ~~11, 2020~~10, 2021

Connecticut		06-0854886
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)

15 Secor Road, Brookfield, Connecticut		06804
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
COMMON	PLAB	NASDAQ Global Select Market
PREFERRED STOCK PURCHASE RIGHTS	N/A	N/A

	February 2, 2020			October 31, 2019
							January 31, 2021			October 31, 2020
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	218,309		$	206,530		$	278,539		$	278,665
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $1,295 in 2020 and $1,334 in 2019		141,720			134,454
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $1,348 in 2021 and $1,334 in 2020								139,708			134,470
Inventories		49,673			48,155			56,407			57,269
Other current assets		31,202			38,388			31,458			29,735

Total current assets		440,904			427,527			506,112			500,139

Property, plant and equipment, net		619,935			632,441			672,398			631,475
Intangible assets, net		6,847			7,870			2,383			3,437
Deferred income taxes		17,594			20,779			21,549			22,070
Other assets		40,180			30,048			29,620			31,061
Total assets							$	1,232,062		$	1,188,182

Total assets	$	1,125,460		$	1,118,665

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Short-term debt	$	9,975		$	8,731		$	0		$	4,708
Current portion of long-term debt		7,959	��		2,142			21,641			8,970
Accounts payable		84,707			91,379			70,870			75,378
Accrued liabilities		55,013			49,702			53,020			53,883

Total current liabilities		157,654			151,954			145,531			142,939

Long-term debt		36,449			41,887			79,984			54,980
Other liabilities		18,556			13,732			28,051			27,997

Total liabilities		212,659			207,573			253,566			225,916

Commitments and contingencies								0			0

Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 2,000 shares authorized, NaN issued and outstanding		-			-			0			0
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 150,000 shares authorized, 66,144 shares issued and 65,228 outstanding at February 2, 2020 and 65,595 shares issued and outstanding at October 31, 2019		661			656
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 150,000 shares authorized, 63,506 shares issued and 62,284 outstanding at January 31, 2021, and 63,138 shares issued and outstanding at October 31, 2020								635			631
Additional paid-in capital		528,535			524,319			508,974			507,336
Retained earnings		264,222			253,922			287,073			279,037
Treasury stock, 916 shares at February 2, 2020		(11,000	)		-
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(11,742	)		(9,005	)
Treasury stock, 1,222 shares at January 31, 2021								(13,209	)		0
Accumulated other comprehensive income								32,029			17,958

Total Photronics, Inc. shareholders’ equity		770,676			769,892
Total Photronics, Inc. shareholders' equity								815,502			804,962
Noncontrolling interests		142,125			141,200			162,994			157,304

Total equity		912,801			911,092			978,496			962,266

Total liabilities and equity	$	1,125,460		$	1,118,665		$	1,232,062		$	1,188,182

	Three Months Ended							Three Months Ended
	February 2, 2020				January 27, 2019			January 31, 2021			February 2, 2020

Revenue	$	159,736			$	124,712		$	152,067		$	159,736

Cost of goods sold		125,134				98,610			121,538			125,134

Gross profit		34,602				26,102			30,529			34,602

Operating expenses:

Selling, general and administrative		14,219				13,792			14,053			14,219

Research and development		4,080				4,263			4,710			4,080

Total operating expenses		18,299				18,055			18,763			18,299


Operating income		16,303				8,047			11,766			16,303

Other income (expense):
Interest income and other income (expense), net		5,495				1,639
Foreign currency transactions impact, net									1,382			4,736
Interest income and other income, net									121			759
Interest expense		(1,798	)			(531	)		(823	)		(1,798	)

Income before income taxes		20,000				9,155
Income before income tax provision									12,446			20,000

Income tax provision		9,072				1,387			2,937			9,072

Net income		10,928				7,768			9,509			10,928

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		628				2,501			1,473			628

Net income attributable to Photronics, Inc. shareholders	$	10,300			$	5,267		$	8,036		$	10,300

Earnings per share:

Basic	$	0.16			$	0.08		$	0.13		$	0.16

Diluted	$	0.16		��	$	0.08		$	0.13		$	0.16

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:

Basic		65,554				66,583			62,475			65,554

Diluted		66,449				67,047			63,005			66,449

Large Accelerated Filer	☒	Accelerated Filer	☐	Non-Accelerated Filer	☐
Smaller Reporting Company	☐	Emerging growth company	☐

	Three Months Ended February 2, 2020
	Photronics, Inc. Shareholders
					Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Non- controlling Interests			Total Equity

	Common Stock
	Shares		Amount

Balance at October 31, 2019		65,595	$	656	$	524,319	$	253,922	$	-		$	(9,005	)	$	141,200		$	911,092

Net income		-		-		-		10,300		-			-			628			10,928
Other comprehensive (loss) income		-		-		-		-		-			(2,737	)		1,190			(1,547	)
Sale of common stock through employee stock option and purchase plans		358		3		2,854		-		-			-			-			2,857
Restricted stock awards vesting and expense		191		2		756		-		-			-			-			758
Share-based compensation expense		-		-		351		-		-			-			-			351
Purchase of treasury stock		-		-		-		-		(11,000	)		-			-			(11,000	)
Repurchase of common stock of subsidiary		-		-		255		-		-			-			(893	)		(638	)

Balance at February 2, 2020		66,144	$	661	$	528,535	$	264,222	$	(11,000	)	$	(11,742	)	$	142,125		$	912,801

	Three Months Ended January 27, 2019
	Photronics, Inc. Shareholders
	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in		Retained			Treasury			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Non- controlling			Total
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Earnings			Stock			(Loss) Income			Interests			Equity

Balance at October 31, 2018		69,700	$	697	$	555,606	$	231,445		$	(23,111	)	$	(4,966	)	$	144,898		$	904,569

Adoption of ASU 2014-09		-		-		-		1,083			-			-			121			1,204
Adoption of ASU 2016-16		-		-		-		(1,130	)		-			-			(3	)		(1,133	)
Net income		-		-		-		5,267			-			-			2,501			7,768
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-		-			-			5,309			1,282			6,591
Sale of common stock through employee stock option and purchase plans		94		1		521		-			-			-			-			522
Restricted stock awards vesting and expense		123		1		567		-			-			-			-			568
Share-based compensation expense		-		-		494		-			-			-			-			494
Contribution from noncontrolling interest		-		-		-		-			-			-			29,394			29,394
Dividends to noncontrolling interests		-		-		-		-			-			-			(26,102	)		(26,102	)
Repurchase of common stock of subsidiary		-		-		-		-			-			-			(9	)		(9	)
Purchase of treasury stock		-		-		-		-			(10,696	)		-			-			(10,696	)

Balance at January 27, 2019		69,917	$	699	$	557,188	$	236,665		$	(33,807	)	$	343		$	152,082		$	913,170

	February 2, 2020			October 31, 2019

Project Loans	$	35,094		$	34,490
Working Capital Loans (value added tax component)		9,314			9,539

		44,408			44,029
Current portion of long-term debt		(7,959	)		(2,142	)

Long-term debt	$	36,449		$	41,887

2020 (remainder of)	$	1,788
2021		8,449
2022		12,648
2023		3,501
2024		6,704
Thereafter		11,318
	$	44,408

	Fiscal Year
	2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		2025		2026

Principal payments	$	1,298	$	6,488	$	5,785	$	3,501	$	6,704	$	6,416	$	4,902

	Q1 FY20 from Q4 FY19								Q1 FY20 from Q1 FY19						Q1 FY21 from Q4 FY20								Q1 FY21 from Q1 FY20
	Revenue in Q1 FY20		Increase (Decrease)			Percent Change			Increase (Decrease)			Percent Change			Revenue in Q1 FY21*		Increase (Decrease)			Percent Change			Increase (Decrease)			Percent Change

IC
High-end	$	41.0	$	(3.9	)		(8.7	)%	$	6.5			18.7	%
High-end *															$	36.8	$	(1.4	)		(3.6	)%	$	(4.3	)		(10.4	)%
Mainstream		65.9		(1.6	)		(2.4	)%		5.6			9.3	%		68.2		0.4			0.6	%		2.2			3.4	%

Total IC	$	107.0	$	(5.6	)		(4.9	)%	$	12.1			12.8	%	$	105.0	$	(1.0	)		(0.9	)%	$	(2.0	)		(1.9	)%

FPD
High-end	$	39.8	$	14.3			56.4	%	$	24.4			159.1	%
High-end *															$	34.6	$	3.3			10.7	%	$	(5.1	)		(12.9	)%
Mainstream		13.0		(5.3	)		(29.0	)%		(1.5	)		(10.3	)%		12.5		0.4			3.4	%		(0.5	)		(4.0	)%

Total FPD	$	52.8	$	9.0			20.7	%	$	22.9			76.9	%	$	47.1	$	3.7			8.6	%	$	(5.6	)		(10.7	)%

Total Revenue	$	159.7	$	3.5			2.2	%	$	35.0			28.1	%	$	152.1	$	2.8			1.9	%	$	(7.7	)		(4.8	)%

	Three Months Ended

	Q1 FY20			Q4 FY19			Percent Change			Q1 FY19			Percent Change			Three Months Ended
																Q1 FY21			Q4 FY20			Percent Change			Q1 FY20			Percent Change

Gross profit	$	34.6		$	38.2			(9.3	)%	$	26.1			32.6	%	$	30.5		$	31.9			(4.3	)%	$	34.6			(11.8	)%
Gross margin		21.7	%		24.4	%					20.9	%					20.1	%		21.4	%					21.7	%